Quy trình thí nghiệm cáp điện lực

Quy trnh th nghim cp in lc
1
TP ON IN LC VIT NAM
----------o0o----------

QUY TRNH TH NGHIM
CP IN LC

H Ni - 2011

2
MC LC
I. PHM VI IU CHNH V I TNG P DNG ........................... 4
iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng ................................... 4
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh ......................................................................... 4
1.2. i tng p dng ......................................................................4
II. TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................... 4
III. NI DUNG QUY TRNH .......................................................................... 8
CHNG I. CC QUI NH CHUNG ......................................................... 8
iu 2. Cc nh ngha v gii thch thut ng ........................................ 8
iu 3. Nguyn tc thc hin th nghim cp in lc ..........................13
3.1. Tng quan .....................................................................................13
3.2. Xem xt bn ngoi ........................................................................13
CHNG II. CC PHNG PHP TH NGHIM ................................14
iu 4. Th nghim bng in p mt chiu - DC ..................................14
4.1. Mc ch .......................................................................................14
4.2. iu kin th nghim ....................................................................14
4.3. o in tr cch in (IR) ............................................................15
4.4. nh gi kt qu ...........................................................................15
4.5. Th nghim chu ng cho v cp ................................................16
4.5.1. Th nghim trc lp t ...........................................................16
4.5.2. Th nghim sau lp t ..............................................................17
4.5.3. nh gi kt qu ........................................................................17
4.6. Th nghim chu ng in p tng cao (kiu 1)..........................17
4.6.1. Cc bc thc hin ....................................................................17
4.6.2. nh gi kt qu ........................................................................19
iu 5. Th nghim chu ng in p cao tn s cng nghip .............20
5.1. Mc ch .......................................................................................20

3
5.2. iu kin th nghim ....................................................................20
5.3. Cc bc tin hnh .......................................................................21
5.3.1 Th nghim bng in p li (trung p) ...................................21
5.3.2 Th nghim bng in p tng cao (
**
) ........................................21
iu 6. Th nghim phng in cc b (PD) (
**
)....................................24
6.1. Mc ch .......................................................................................24
6.2. iu kin th nghim ....................................................................25
6.3. Cc bc tin hnh th nghim PD bng in p AC ..................25
6.3.1. S th nghim .......................................................................25
6.3.2. Cc bc th nghim..................................................................27
6.3.3. nh gi kt qu ........................................................................28
iu 7. Th nghim tn s thp (VLF)....................................................28
7.1. Th nghim phng in PD bng VLF (
**
) ...................................28
7.2. Th nghim o tn hao in mi (tg) bng VLF ........................29
7.3. Th nghim chu ng in p cao (kiu 1) bng VLF ................31
iu 8. Th nghim tn hao in mi tn s 50Hz ................................33
8.1. Mc ch .......................................................................................33
8.2. iu kin th nghim ....................................................................33
8.3. Cc bc thc hin .......................................................................33
PH LC .........................................................................................................36
Ph lc A . Th nghim in p xoay chiu tng cao AC ................36
Ph lc B . Th nghim tn hao in mi .......................................37
Ph lc C . Th nghim cp s dng VLF .......................................39
Ph lc D . Th nghim phng in cc b-PD ...............................43
Ph lc E . Th nghim cp s dng OSW ......................................46
Ph lc F .Bng mi lin quan gia U
o
/U v U
m
.............................49
Ph lc G .Xc nh im h hng ca cp .....................................50
Ph lc H . H s hiu chnh in tr cch in ..............................66

4
I. PHM VI IU CHNH V I TNG P DNG
iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh

quy nh ni dung cng tc th nghim lp t,
nghim thu, nh k, sau s c v nhng bt thng lin quan n cp in lc
c in p danh nh trn 1kV.
1.2. i tng p dng
Quy trnh ny p dng i vi Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN), cc n v
trc thuc, cc n v s nghip, cc cng ty con do EVN nm gi 100% vn
iu l, Ngi i din phn vn gp, c phn ca EVN ti cc doanh
nghip khc.
Quy trnh ny l c s Ngi i in phn vn gp, c phn ca EVN c
kin trong vic xy dng v biu quyt thng qua p dng Quy trnh th nghim
cp in lc.
II. TI LIU THAM KHO
1. IEEE 400-2001 Guide for Field Testing and Evaluation of the
Insulation of Shielded Power Cable Systems.
2. IEEE 400.1-2007 Guide for Field Testing of Laminated Dielectric,
Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above with High Direct
Current Voltage.
3. IEEE 400.2-2004 Guide for Field Testing of Shielded Power Cable
Systems Using Very Low Frequency (VLF).
4. IEEE 400.3-2006 Guide for Partial Discharge Testing of Shielded
Power Cable Systems in a Field Environment.
5. IEEE 4-1995 Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing.
6. IEEE 404-2006 Standard for Extruded and Laminated Dielectric
Shielded Cable Joints Rated 2,5kV to 500kV.
7. IEEE 48-1996 (R2003) Standard Test Procedures and Requirements for
Alternating-Current Cable Terminations 2.5kV Through 765kV.
8. IEEE 62-1995 (R2005) Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power
Apparatus-Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators and Reactors.

5
9. IEEE 1234-2007 Guide for Fault-Locating Techniques on Shielded
Power Cable Systems.
10. IEC 60840/2004-04 - Power cable with extruded insulation and their
accessories for rated voltages above 30kV (Um=36kV) up to 150 kV
(Um=170kV) - Test methods and requirements.
11. IEC 62067/2006-03 - Power cable with extruded insulation and their
accessories for rated voltages above 150kV (Um=170kV) up to 500 kV
(Um=550kV) - Test methods and requirements.
12. IEC 60502-1/2004-04 - Power cable with extruded insulation and their
accessories for rated voltages from 1kV (Um=1.2kV) up to 30kV
(Um=36kV).
Part 1. Cables for rated voltages 1kV (Um=1.2kV) and 3kV (Um=3.6kV)
13. IEC 60502-2/2005-03 - Power cable with extruded insulation and their
accessories for rated voltages from 1kV (Um=1.2kV) up to 30
kV(Um=36kV).
Part 2. Cables for rated voltages 6kV (Um=7.2kV) up to 30kV
(Um=36kV)
14. IEC 60885-1; 2; 3/(1987-1988) - Electrical test methods for electric cables.
Part 1. Electrical test for cables, cords and wires for voltages up to
and including 450/750V.
Part 2. Partial discharge tests.
Part 3. Test methods for partial discharge measurements on lengths
of extruded cable.
15. IEC 60270-1981 - Partial discharge measurements.
16. IEC 60229-2007 - Electric cables: Tests on extruded oversheaths with a
special protective function.
17. Quy chun k thut quc gia v k thut in QCVN - QT
5:2008/BCT.
18. TCVN 5844-1994.
19. TCVN 5935-1995.

6
20. A guide to diagnostics insualation testing above 1kV.
21. Cable testing excerpt from Prysmian
s wire and cable engineering guide -

www.na.Prysmian.com
22. Condition assessment on transmission cables using OWTS HV
technology - Sbakmt.
23. Direct current field test - Southwire.com
24. Electrical field testing
25. Experiences with AC test after installation of polymeric (E)HV cable
systems- Vanschak /Netherlands; G.Geets/Belgium.
26. Field electrical (HI-POT) testing guidelines - www.Generacable.com.
27. Field testing of medium and high voltage cables - Netaword.org.
28. Introduction to partial discharge.
29. Kim tra v th nghim thit b in (dch t ting Nga).
30. New studies on PD measurements on MV cable systems at 50Hz and
sinusodial 0,1Hz (VLF) test voltage - K.Rethmeier Austria.
31. Medium voltage cable defects revealed by off-line partial discharge
testing at power frequency - M.S. Mashikian and A.Szatkowsk.
32. Measurement and analysis of partial dischage for HV cable terminations-
Jnanadhara.cmredu.com.
33. On-site PD diagnostics of power cables using oscillating wave test
system- Johan J.S smit - PD-team.hu.
34. Partial dischage measurement in HV joints - Weissenberg and Brugg
kabel AG/Switrizeland.
35. Review of north American standards and guidelines for XLPE cable
testing and diagnosis, and their correlation with current intenational
practice- John Densley/Arborlec solution inc.
36. Power cables diagnostics field application and case studies Benjamin J
Land.IMCORP USA.
37. Recommendations foe test after installation on XLPE medium voltage
cable - Olex.co.nz.

7
38. Specifying cables system reliability - Bruce BroussArd.
39. Specification for teting of underground cables - EnegryAutralia.
40. Testing of high voltage cable- Australian Rail Track corporation LTD
(ARTC).
41. Tang denta (tg) cable testing.
42. Volum 3.1 testing solid insulation of electrical equipment-(United States
Department of the interior bureau of reclanation).
43. Cc ti liu tham kho khc.

8
III. NI DUNG QUY TRNH
CHNG I. CC QUI NH CHUNG
iu 2. Cc nh ngha v gii thch thut ng
Cc nh ngha sau y c s dng trong quy trnh ny.
1. C quan c thm quyn
C quan c thm quyn l EVN c quan qun l, t chc thc hin vic bin
son quy trnh th nghim cp in lc.
2. Ch s hu
L t chc hoc c nhn lm ch trang thit b li in hoc nh my in, c
trch nhim php l v qun l, vn hnh trang thit b .
3. Phn loi cc dng hp ni cp theo cch in
Cc dng hp ni cp bao gm:
- Cch in n p (extruded): hp ni ca c 2 cp li vi nhau, chng c
cch in s dng in mi n p in p nh mc t 2,5 500kV.
- Cch in lp (laminated): hp ni ca 2 cp li vi nhau, chng c in
mi bao gm giy tm cht lng hoc giy qun lp cch in tng hp
hay vi tm du.
- Mi ni chuyn tip (transition): v tr thc hin ghp ni gia hai cp
c cch in in mi n p vi mt cp c cch in s dng in
mi lp.
4. Cch in lp
Cch in c dng chun qun lp t nhng bng giy mng c lm t
cellulose hoc polyethylene hoc kt hp c 2 (v d nh cp PILC c cch in
bng giy qun lp v bc ch).
5. Cy in
To ln ging nh ci cy, bao gm rnh trng hoc carbon ha rt nh tn ti
trong cch in, chng c to ra ti cc v tr chu ng sut in cao nh ch
li ra, khu vc nhim bn, bt kh hoc pht trin t cy nc chu ng sut in
trong thi gian di to thnh. Ti nhng v tr tn ti cy in cch in b suy
gim nn phng in cc b (PD) c th pht trin v vic ph hy cch in
theo thi gian s xy ra.

9
6. Cy nc
To ra t nhng ht nc rt nh hp li di dng hnh cy v kt ni vi nhau
bng nhng khe nh b oxi ha. Cc cy nc xut hin ti nhng v tr chu ng
sut in cao nh: ch li ra, vng nhim bn, bt kh trong cch in v.v. v
lun lun c nc.
7. Cao su tng hp Ethylen propylen (EPR)
L loi Polyme c s dng lm cch in trong cp v ph kin ca cp.
8. Cp cch in giy v bc ch (PILC)
L mt loi cp cch in qun lp.
9. in p danh nh U
o
/U (U
m
)
U : in p danh nh tn s cng nghip gia cc rut dn m cp c thit
k.
U
o
: in p danh nh tn s cng nghip gia rut dn vi t hoc vi mn
chn m cp c thit k.
U
m
: Gi tr in p cc i ca h thng in m cp c th chu c.
in p danh nh ca cp trong iu kin p dng c th phi ph hp vi iu
kin lm vic trong HT m cp c s dng v ph hp theo qui nh cu
nh ch to.
10. in mi n p
Cc loi cch in ch to theo phng php n p nh polyethylene (PE),
(XLPE), (TRXLPE), cao su tng hp (EPR) v.v.
11. n v qun l vn hnh
n v vn hnh l n v trc tip thc hin cng vic qun l, vn hnh
cp cng nh h thng cp in.
12. H thng cp
Cp lp cng vi cc ph kin ca cp.
13. Mn chn cp
14. Mc cch in xung c bn (BIL)
Gi tr in p xung thit b in (TB) c th chu c m khng b h hng
hoc nh thng khi th nghim di nhng iu kin xc nh v nhit v
m. Chng c xc nh trong gii hn in p nh ca 1,250s th nghim
in p sng xung ton phn.

10
15. Phng in cc b (PD)
Phng in cc b l mt phng in ch pht trin trn mt phn ca cch in
khng ni cu trong cch in gia cc rut dn in. Cng nh c th xy ra
hoc khng xy rut dn lin k vi nhau.
16. Phng in chc thng
L phng in xy ra xuyn qua cch in.
17. Thit b in cao p
Thit b cao p l thit b mang in p trn 1kV.
18. Th nghim khi lp t
18.1 Th nghim trc lp t ( khi cp cha ri vn trong l), th nghim ny
nhm kim tra cc h hng do vn chuyn, lu kho.
18.2 Th nghim trong lp t l th nghim ti hin trng, c tin hnh khi
lp t cp nhng trc khi ni hoc lm u cp.
19. Th nghim nghim thu sau lp t
Th nghim sau lp t l th nghim thc hin ti hin trng sau khi lp t h
thng cp, bao gm cc u cp v hp ni, nhng trc khi h thng cp c
a vo vn hnh. Th nghim ny nhm mc ch xc nh cc h hng trong qu
trnh lp t v ch ra cc khim khuyt hoc sai st trong lp t cp v ph kin.
20. Th nghim nh k
Th nghim nh k l th nghim c thc hin ti hin trng, trong qu trnh
vn hnh ca h thng cp. Th nghim ny nhm pht hin cc h hng v
kim tra kh nng vn hnh tin cy ca h thng cp, t a ra c k
hoch bo dng ph hp.
21. Th nghim chu ng in p cao (kiu 1)
L th nghim thc hin ti hin trng nhm pht hin nhng khuyt tt trong
cch in ca mt h thng cp nhm ci thin tin cy lm vic sau khi
loi tr phn h hng v vic sa cha phc hi c thc hin. Cc th
nghim ny thng c thc hin bng cch tng t t in p t vo cch
in trong mt khong thi gian qui nh. Th nghim cho kt qu
(t/khng t).
Th nghim ny thng thng s dng in p cao AC hay DC v cho kt qu
cp tt nu trong thi gian duy tr in p, trong cch in khng xy ra
phng in.

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22. Th nghim chn on (kiu 2)
L th nghim thc hin ti hin trng nhm cung cp cc ch bo cho h thng
cch in b h hng, v th gi l th nghim chn on. Mt s th nghim s
ch ra iu kin tng qut ca mt h thng cp, mt s th nghim khc s a ra
ch bo v tr ca cc h hng khng tp trung trong h thng cp c th thnh
nhng v tr gy ra s c trong tng lai. C hai trng thi khc nhau ca th
nghim loi ny thng c tin hnh bng cch t mt in p cao hoc thp
vo cch in trong mt khong thi gian tng i ngn.
Th nghim ny c xem nh cng c nh gi tnh trng k thut ton b ca
h thng cp cung cp cc s liu o c c chn on nhm phn nh tnh
trng th cht cch in ca cp, ng thi kim tra chn on c c nhng
phn ph kin khc ca cp nh: u cp, v bo v, v cc hp ni cp v.v.
23. Vt liu cch in ca cp
K hiu cc vt liu cp in nh sau:
Vt liu cch in K hiu vit tt
c to ra t Polyvinyl clorua hoc ng trng hp ca
Vinyl clorua v Vinyl axetal, c s dng cho cp c
in p danh nh
U
o
/U 1,8/3kV
PVC/A
c to ra t Polyvinyl clorua hoc hp cht ca Vinyl
clorua v Vinyl axetal, c s dng cho cp c in p
danh nh
U
o
/U 1,8/3kV
PVC/B
Cht do n hi hoc nha cng Polyetylen PE
c to ra t cao su Etylen Propylen hoc cht tng t EPR
c to ra t Polyetylen khu mch (hnh mng) XLPE
Cp cch in giy v bc ch (Paper Insulated Lead
covered Cable)
PILC
Cp np du (Self-contained Oil-filled) SCOF
Cch in giy qun lp (Polypropylene Laminated Paper
insulation)
PPLP
Cch in Polyetylen lin kt ngang lm chm cy nc TRXLPE
Cch in Polyetylen cao phn t HMWPE

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24. T ng vit tt
Cc ch vit tt sau c s dng hoc c lin quan trong quy trnh ny:
ARM : Phng php phn x h quang (Arc Reflection Method)
BIL : Mc cch in xung c bn (Basic insulation level)
DF : Tn hao in mi (Dissipation factor)
EVN : Tp on in lc Vit Nam
GST : Mu th ni t (s nghch)(Grounded Speci men Test)
HT : H thng in
HV : in p cao (High voltage)
HVAC : in p cao xoay chiu (High voltage alternal current).
HVDC : in p cao mt chiu (High voltage direction current)
ICE : Hm dng ba pha (Three-phase current catching)
IEC : Tiu chun IEC / y ban k thut in Quc t (International
Electrotechnical Commission Standard)
IEEE : Vin k thut in v in t (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers)
IR : in tr cch in v IRT my o in tr cch in (Insulation
Resistance and Insulation Resistance Tester { Megaommeter })
MBA : My bin p
MV : Trung p (Medium voltage)
OSW : Th nghim sng dao ng (Oscillating wave)
PD : Phng in cc b (Partial discharge)
PDIV : in p khi u xut hin phng in cc b (Partial discharge
inception voltage)
PDEV : in p trit tiu phng in cc b (Partial discharge extinction
voltage)
QCVN : Quy chun Vit Nam
TB : Thit b in

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TCVN : Tiu chun Vit Nam
TDR : Phn x thi gian ch o (Time domain reflectometer)
TN : Th nghim
URD : Phn phi ngm di t (underground residential distribution)
UST :Mu th khng ni t (s thun)(Ungrounded Specimen test)
VLF : Tn s thp (Very low Frequency)
iu 3. Nguyn tc thc hin th nghim cp in lc
3.1. Tng quan
Tt c nhn vin th nghim cp phi c o to, tp hun c kh nng
thc hin th nghim theo cc yu cu v an ton, vn hnh v s dng
thit b th nghim v.v.
Cp in trc khi th nghim phi c tch khi mi ngun in, thit b in
m cp ang kt ni vo, v d nh: MBA, DCL, CSV, thanh ci v.v. Phi tin
hnh cc bin php an ton theo ng cc quy nh hin hnh.
3.2. Xem xt bn ngoi
- Kim tra tip nhn l nhm xem xt cp v ph kin cp ph hp vi cc cng
b ca nh ch to trc khi chuyn cp ti cho ch s hu.
Vic kim tra gm cc thng tin sau:
- Nhn mc cp, tnh trng cp, ngun gc xut x, chng loi cp, bin bn th
nghim xut xng v.v.
- Cc thng s k thut lin quan nh: in p s dng, in mi s dng lm
cch in chnh cho cp, tit din, chiu di, dy cch in v.v.
- Xem xt iu kin mi trng th nghim nh: tnh trng thi tit, nhit mi
trng, m v.v.
- Xem xt tnh trng ca cp nh: v tr lp t s dng, th nghim trc lp t
hay nghim thu, nh k bo dng, sau s c v.v.
- Xem xt s ton vn ca cp cng nh cc ph kin cp trong lp t, vn
hnh bo dng.
Tt c cc thng tin nhm cung cp s liu kim sot v sau trong qu trnh
vn hnh.

14
CHNG II. CC PHNG PHP TH NGHIM
iu 4. Th nghim bng in p mt chiu - DC
4.1. Mc ch
Pht hin cc khuyt tt c trong cch in cp do li sn xut, khim khuyt do
con ngi to ra trong qu trnh lp t nh hng n cht lng cp, u cp,
hp ni v.v.
Kt hp vi cc th nghim chn on (kiu 2) nh gi tng th tnh trng
cch in cp c th c k hoch sa cha, thay th nu cn.
4.2. iu kin th nghim
- iu kin mi trng kh ro, m (45 80)%, nhit mi trng
2510
o
C.
- Thit b th nghim bao gm ngun in p DC c chnh lu t ngun in
AC, c cng sut in p cao DC ph hp vi yu cu th nghim ph hp vi
in dung cp cn th nghim c Voltmet o in p cao, mch o lng, v.v. c
kh nng iu chnh in p tng t t hay tng tng bc nh, c th c c
dng in gi tr nh.
- in p DC gn sng yu cu khng ln hn 3% tr khi c yu cu
c bit khc.
- in tr phng in dng trit tiu in p trn h thng cp sau mi ln th
nghim, yu cu in tr c gi tr khng nh hn 10000/kV. in tr phi
chu c ton b mc in p th nghim cng nh c kh nng gii thot nng
lng cao m khng b qu nhit trong mi ln phng in. Ton b in tr
phng in c gn trn tay cm cch in m bo chu c ton b in p
th nghim v c ni vi t.
- Bin php an ton
Thc hin theo cc qui nh trong khon 3.1, iu 3 quy trnh ny.
B mt cc u cp cn phi sch s, kh ro trnh gy sai s cho th nghim.
Tt c cc b phn TB lin quan quan n h thng cp c th nghim phi
c tch ra khi mi ngun in v c ni t chc chn.
Kim tra khng cn in sau ni t cc b phn c kim tra.
Tt c cc phn kim loi khng mang in ln cn khu vc th nghim phi
thng xuyn ni t.

15
4.3. o in tr cch in (IR)
S dng thit b Mgmmet (IRT) in p (1000 2500 5000)VDC. o gi
tr tuyt i IR sau thi gian duy tr in p l 60 giy.
- Cp in p danh nh 1kV s dng IRT - (500 1000)V
DC

- Cp in p danh nh > 1kV s dng IRT - (1000 2500)V
DC

- Cp in p danh nh 6,6 kV s dng IRT (25005000) V
DC

Tin hnh o (IR) c trc v sau khi th nghim kiu 1 hay kiu 2.
S nh hnh sau:

Hnh 1: S o in tr cch in
* Cp c nhiu rut dn: in p c t ln lt vo tng pha o in tr
cch in, trong khi cc pha cn li c ni vi mn chn, v v ni t.
* Cp si n (mt rut): in tr cch in c o gia rut dn vi mn
chn, v ni t.
4.4. nh gi kt qu
in tr cch in cp khng quy nh tiu chun c th, c s dng nh
gi s b tnh trng cch in ca cp. Kt qu c th so snh s liu cung cp
bi nh sn xut hay tham kho gi tr bng 1 o 20
o
C; Bin i tr s IR
tnh theo di nhit .
L G E
Mega-Ohm
Mn chn

16
Bng 1: IR ca 1 km chiu di khng c nh hn (M)
1 2 3 4 5
in p
pha pha
U (kV)
Cch in
giy tm du
Cch in
EPR
Cch in
PVC
Cch in
PE
0,6/1 v 3 100 - - -
6 200 - - -
- 50 - -
0,6/1 - - 10 -
3 - - 12 -
6 10 - - 50 -
(0,6/1) 6 - - - 150
10 35 - - - 200
Ch :
- o in tr cch in khc nhit 20
o
C, c th quy i in tr cch in v
20
o
C theo cng thc: IR
20
=KIR
t
Trong :
IR
20
: gi tr o 20
o
C (M)
K : h s quy i theo nhit cho trong bng 16 ph lc H
IR
t
: in tr cch in o nhit thc t
- c kt qu chnh xc c th tin hnh to mn chn (Guard) loi b dng
r k sinh ti cc u cp trc khi o in tr cch in.
- (IR) c o trc v sau khi th nghim in p cao DC hay AC.
- Sau khi o (IR) phi tin hnh tip a si cp c th nghim.
4.5. Th nghim chu ng cho v cp
Nhm nh gi tnh trng nguyn vn v bc cp, in p t vo gia ton b
cc phn bn trong lp v bc kim loi c ni li vi nhau v ton b v bc
bn ngoi ni t.
4.5.1. Th nghim trc lp t
Th nghim in p 8kV (DC) trn 1mm chiu dy v cp, in p th cc i
25kV (DC) v thi gian duy tr 01 pht.
Ch : in p th nghim cn c tha thun vi nh ch to.

17
4.5.2. Th nghim sau lp t
Th nghim in p 4kV (DC) trn 1mm chiu dy v cp, in p th cc i
10kV (DC) v thi gian duy tr 01 pht.
4.5.3. nh gi kt qu
Trong thi gian duy tr in p khng c phng in xy ra.
Ch :
- Th nghim ny p dng cho cp c in p nh mc trn 66kV tham kho
IEC(840-067), in p th nghim theo IEC-60229.
- Sau khi hon thnh th nghim, gim in p th nghim v ct ngun in
ng thi phi tip a cp trc khi tin hnh cng vic tip theo.
4.6. Th nghim chu ng in p tng cao (kiu 1)
4.6.1. Cc bc thc hin
Bc 1. Xc nh dng r s : u dy theo hng dn th nghim, u cao p
t thit b th nghim cha ni ti h thng cp cn th nghim.
iu chnh thit b th nghim, nng t t in p ti gi tr cn th nghim cho
cp v in p ghi li gi tr dng in r.
Bc 2. Ni dy cao p t thit b th nghim ti rut dn cp cn th nghim.
Bc 3. in p t vo cp c th nghim khi u mt mc thp ph hp,
nhm ngn nga: qu dng, qu p gy qu trnh qu ct bo v v.v.
Bc 4. in p th nghim c tng mt cch t t vi cc mc in p nh
c c chnh xc cc thng s trn thit b nh: dng in r, in p, v.v.
tuy nhin mc tng cng khng qu chm trnh gy ra cp phi chu ng sut
in ko di khng cn thit. Nu tng in p th nghim mt cch lin tc, thi
gian tng khng nh hn 10 giy v khng ln hn 60 giy.
Yu cu mc tng in p th nghim khong 2% U
tn
/ giy, qu trnh tng lun
c quan st trn thit b th nghim.
Lp c tnh quan h dng theo in p (U-I), t gi tr in p th nghim
ti thiu qua nm bc tng in p v ti mi nc tng in p gi trong 1
pht o dng in r v dng in ny cn c ghi li. mc in p yu
cu th nghim, dng in r c o ti hai thi im: sau duy tr in p 2
pht v sau duy tr in p 15 pht.

18
Bc 5. Khi in p th nghim t c gi tr yu cu th in p c duy
tr trn cp trong thi gian quy nh. Trong thi gian duy tr in p thng
xuyn quan st s bin i ca dng in r. Nu c s tng hay gim t ngt
cn dng ngay th nghim.
Bc 6. Ht thi gian duy tr in p, gim ht in p th nghim ct ngun cp
v tin hnh cc bin php phng in qua in tr trong mch th nghim cng
nh s dng in tr phng in ngoi, tin hnh ni t cho cp c th
nghim v ni t c tch ra ch khi cng tc th nghim sn sng cho th
nghim mi.
Gi tr in p th nghim HVDC nh sau:
Cp c in p danh nh U
o
/U(U
m
): {0,6/1; 1,8/3(3,6); 3,6(7,2);8,7/15(17,5);
12/20(24); 18/30(36)}kV, in p th nghim v thi gian duy tr in p cho h
thng cp trc lp t quy nh nh sau:
p dng cp c in p danh nh nh hn hoc bng 3,6/6(7,2)kV
tn(DC) o
U =(2,5U +2)2,4
; duy tr 5 pht.
p dng cp c in p danh nh ln hn 3,6/6(7,2)kV
tn(DC) o
U =2,5U 2,4
; duy tr 5 pht
Th nghim sau lp t in p th nghim bng 4U
o
gi tr th nghim trc lp
t v thi gian duy tr 15 pht. Tham kho bng 2 th nghim HVDC cho cp
in p danh nh n 30 (36)kV.
Bng 2: Th nghim HVDC cp c in p danh nh n 36kV trc lp t
U
o
(kV) 0,6 1,8 3,6 6 8,7 12 18
U
TN
(kV) 8,4 15,6 27,5 36 52,8 72 108
Vi cp c gi tr in p nh mc trn 36kV, tham kho bng 3

19
Bng 3: Gi tr in p HVDC
1 2 3 4
in p
pha - pha
U (kV)
BIL
(crest-kV)
TN Nghim thu
pha-t (kV (DC))
TN nh k
pha-t (kV (DC))
69 350 175 130
115 450 225 170
138 650 325 245
230 1050 525 395
Ch : in p th nghim nh k bng 75% gi tr in p th nghim sau lp t
v thi gian duy tr khng nh hn 5 pht nhng khng ln hn 15 pht.
Th nghim c tin hnh cho tng rut dn nh sau:
Vi cp ba pha th th tng pha vi cc pha cn li ni vi nhau v ni vi mn
chn v c ni t, phng php nh sau:
Pha 1 Pha 2,3 + mn chn + v + t
Vi cp mt pha th th nghim gia rut dn vi v, mn chn v t.
Bc 7. Th nghim cc rut dn khc tin hnh tng t cc bc nu trn.
Bc 8. Lu cc s liu ghi c trong qu trnh th nghim c c s tham
kho v sau.
4.6.2. nh gi kt qu
Yu cu trong thi gian duy tr in p khng c phng in xy ra.
nh gi quan h dng in r vi thi gian: Thng thng ban u dng
in r s s tng theo mc tng in p t vo cp, nhng dng in ny
s gim nhanh v gi tr n nh. Nu dng in r tng bt thng theo
in p th nghim hay sau khi st gim li tip tc tng mnh li, hin
tng ny ch ra trong cp c h hng v cn ngng th nghim ngay trc
khi c h hng xy ra cho cp v tm bin php khc phc. Gi tr dng in
r cui cng l hiu s gi tr dng in r c c sau thi gian duy tr
in p tr i dng r s .

20
Gi tr in tr c tnh ton da trn gi tr in p v dng in r o c
ti nc in p v tnh theo nh lut Ohm nh sau:
U
R=
I
n v tnh (V/A=M)
ng thi tnh ton h s khng i xng in tr gia cc pha, nu cng in
p th nghim h s khng i xng in tr ca cp ln hn 3 c th coi
l du hiu bt thng.
Nu bo v thit b th nghim ct khi ang tin hnh th nghim th c th do:
- Dng in tng qu cao.
- C phng in u cp c th nghim hay u ra cao p ca thit b
th nghim.
- Cp c h hng ti u cp, cp trung gian hay hp ni cp.
iu 5. Th nghim chu ng in p cao tn s cng nghip
5.1. Mc ch
nh gi cht lng cp trong tnh trng cch in ca cp chu ng sut in
mnh nht, pht hin khuyt tt cch in cp c do vn chuyn, lp t hoc
trong cch in xut hin bt kh, s suy gim cch in theo thi gian s dng
v.v.
Kt hp vi cc th nghim chn on nh gi tng th tnh trng cch in,
t c k hoch sa cha, thay th nu cn.
- iu kin mi trng cn kh ro m (45 80)%, nhit mi trng
2510
o
C.
- Thit b th nghim bao gm ngun in p cao c cng sut ph hp vi in
dung cp cn th nghim, mt Voltmet o in p cao, mch o lng v.v. S
dng in p th nghim tn s 50 Hz.
- Bin php an ton
Thc hin theo cc qui nh trong khon 3.1 iu 3 quy trnh ny.
Tt c cc b phn lin quan quan n h thng cp c th nghim cn phi
tch ra khi mi ngun in v ni t chc chn. Kim tra khng cn in sau

21
ni t cc b phn c kim tra. Tt c cc phn kim loi khng mang
in ln cn khu vc th nghim phi thng xuyn ni t.
T v tr th nghim cp, thng xuyn c mt hoc hn mt u cp i ra xa.
Do ti nhng u cui cp cn c ngi gim st xung quanh.
5.3. Cc bc tin hnh
5.3.1 Th nghim bng in p li (trung p)
Phng php th nghim ny da trn c s s dng ngun in p li lm
ngun cung cp th nghim.
Th nghim bng in p li cho cp v ph kin cp in p t 130 (36)kV,
in p li t vo v duy tr trong 24 gi. (th nghim ny p dng cho cp
sau lp t mi).
C th s dng ng dy trn khng cung cp in cho h thng cp ngm sau
khi xem xt k ng dy trn khng bng mt. Cp c cung cp in
thng qua cc cu ch hay thit b ng ct.
5.3.2. Th nghim chu ng in p tng cao tn s cng nghip
(**)

5.3.2.1. S th nghim
S dng my bin p thng thng hay mch b, s th nghim:
K1
AC
1
2
4
3
5

1: iu chnh in p 4: in dung lin lc
2: MBA tng p 5: Cp c th nghim
3: Cun khng
Hnh 2: Mch b cng hng ni tip th nghim HVAC
5.3.2.2. Cc bc thc hin
Bc 1. Ni dy cao p t mch thit b th nghim ti cp.

22
Bc 2. in p cao p c t vo cp khi u t gi tr nh nht, nhm
ngn nga qu trnh qu gy ra phng in trn cp trong qu trnh ng ct.
in p th nghim t vo cp nh sau:
* Vi cp ba pha th th tng pha vi cc pha cn li ni vi nhau v ni vi
mn chn v c ni t, phng php nh sau:
* Vi cp mt pha th th nghim gia rut dn vi v, mn chn v t.
Gi tr in p v thi gian duy tr qui nh nh sau:
Cp c in p danh nh U
o
/U(U
m
): {0,6/1; 1,8/3(3,6); 3,6/6(7,2); 6/10(12);
8,7/15(17,5); 12/20(24); 18/30(36)}kV, in p v thi gian duy tr in p cho
cp trc lp t quy nh nh sau:
Cp c in p danh nh 1(1,2)kV n 3(3,6)kV.
U
tn(AC)
= (2,5U
o
+2) kV; duy tr 5 pht
Cp c in p danh nh t 3,6/6(7,2) kV n 30(36)kV.
U
tn (AC)
= 3,5U
o
kV; duy tr 5 pht
Gi tr in p th nghim HVAC tham kho bng 4.
Bng 4: Th nghim HVAC cp in p danh nh di 36 kV trc lp t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
U
o
(kV) 0,6 1,8 3,6 6 8,7 12 18
U
TN
(kV) 3,5 6,5 12,5 21 30,5 42 63
Bng 5: Th nghim HVAC cp in p danh nh di 36 kV sau lp t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
U
o
(kV) 0,6 1,8 3,6 6 8,7 12 18
U
TN
(kV) - - 6 10 15 20 30
Vi cp ba rut dn khi th nghim s dng my bin p ba pha th in p th
gia cc pha s l 1,73 ln so vi gi tr cho trong bng 4.

23
- Th nghim cp in p danh nh 6(7,2) kV n 30(36) kV sau lp t, in
p t vo gia rut dn v mn chn kim loi/ v bng in p pha pha,
duy tr 5 pht, tham kho bng 5.
- Th nghim cho cp v ph kin cp c in p trn 36 150(170) kV, in
p t vo trong 1 gi vi gi tr cho ti ct 4 ca bng 6.
- Cp v ph kin cp c in p t trn 150 500(550)kV, in p th
ngim 1,7U
o
trong mt gi hoc vi gi tr in p v thi gian duy tr ti
ct 4 ca bng 7.
Bng 6: Th nghim HVAC v PD cp c in p danh nh (45 161)kV
1 2 3 4 5 6
U
(kV)
U
m
(kV)
U
o
(kV)
U
TN-AC
= 2,5U
o
TN trc lp
t (kV)
U
PD- TN

1,5U
o
(kV)
U
TN-AC

TN sau lp
t (kV)
45 47 52 26 65 39 52
60 69 72,5 36 90 54 72
110 115 123 64 160 96 128
132 138 145 76 190 114 132
150 161 170 87 218 131 150
Bng 7: Th nghim HVAC v PD cp c in p trn 161kV n 500kV
1 2 3 4 5 6
U U
m
U
o
U
TN-AC
/pht
U
PD TN

1,5U
o

Ghi ch
220 230 245 127 318/ 30 190
275 287 300 160 400/ 30 240
500 550 290 580/30 435
- Cp sau lp t (nghim thu) in p th nghim 70% gi tr in p th
nghim trc lp t, thi gian duy tr in p trong 5 pht.
- Cp th nghim nh k bo dng, in p th nghim 60% gi tr in p th
nghim sau lp t, thi gian duy tr in p 5 pht.

24
Bc 3. in p th nghim c tng mt cch t t c th c chnh xc
cc thng s trn thit b th nghim. Nhng thi gian tng cng khng qu di
trnh gy ko di ng sut in trn khng cn thit trn cp.
Bc 4. Khi t ti gi tr in p th nghim, in p s c duy tr trn cp
trong thi gian quy nh v c gim khi ht thi gian. in p th nghim cn
n nh trong thi gian duy tr vi sai s 1%.
Bc 5. Sau thi gian duy tr in p trn cp, gim in p th nghim Ct
ngun cp tin hnh tip a cp c th nghim ngay sau mi tin hnh cc
cng vic khc.
5.3.2.3. nh gi kt qu
Trong sut qu trnh nng in p v duy tr in p th nghim, cp tnh trng
tt nu khng c bt k s phng in no xy ra.
Th nghim HVAC thng ch p dng trong th xut xng, lp t mi hoc
sau i tu sa cha v.v. Th nghim s cho kt qu (t/khng t).
Nu cp khng t trong th nghim ny, cn b sung thm th nghim khc nh
PD hay d tm im h hng ca cp xc nh im khuyt tt sa cha.
Ch :
- Cp c in p danh nh trn 161kV in p, thi gian ly theo bng 7.
- (**): Tiu chun IEC khuyn ngh trc khi tin hnh th nghim ny nn c
tha thun gia nh sn xut v ngi k hp ng mua cp.
iu 6. Th nghim phng in cc b (PD) (
**
)
6.1. Mc ch
nh gi cht lng cp v cc mi ni cng nh u cp.
Pht hin ra cc khim khuyt nh trong cch in cp nh: bt kh, cc khong
trng trong lp mn chn cch in, xut hin cy in trong cp v xc nh v
tr PD.
nh gi mc ca khuyt tt lin quan n PD.
Kt hp vi cc th nghim chu ng (kiu 1) nh gi tng th tnh trng

25
2510
o
C.
- Thit b th nghim bao gm ngun in p cao c cng sut ph hp vi ti
in dung cp cn th nghim. Voltmet o in p cao, mch o lng, nh c
phng in, my pht xung kp v.v. tt c thit b km theo c s tip nhn c
vi mc m thanh thp t ti yu cu nhy ca thit b. in p th nghim
tn s 50 Hz.
- Thit b o PD gm mt my hin sng (oscilloscope), thit b ch bo, my
khuych i thch hp pht hin nhng xung c bit PD.
- Bin php an ton
6.3. Cc bc tin hnh th nghim PD bng in p AC
- Cn thu thp thng tin c tnh k thut ca cp nh: kiu cch in, kch
thc, chiu di hay in dung tng, v tr cc hp ni cp. Nu cp nhiu loi
ghp vi nhau, cn thng tin cho mi loi v cc on cp phi c
ni vi nhau.
- Cu trc ca cp nh: mt pha hay ba pha, mi pha c mn chn ring hoc
mn chn chung cho c ba pha; mng hnh tia hay mch vng, chn ngm di
t v.v.
- Kiu u cp v cc ph kin lin kt vi cp nh: DCL, MBA v.v.
6.3.1. S th nghim: nh hnh 3

26
5
7
8
1
2
3
6
4
9
10 11

1 : Ngun cao p o PD 7 : Mn chn
2,3: Cm bin in dung 8 : Cch in chnh
4,6: Cm bin in khng 9 : o tng tr
5 : V 10: X l tn hiu o
11: Thu thp, phn tch d liu
1
3
4
5
6
2

1: Thit b VLF hoc PD 4: Tng tr o lng
2: My hin sng 5: Bin dng in
3: T lin lc 6: Cp c th nghim
Hnh 3: S th nghim PD dng ngun AC-50Hz

27
6.3.2. Cc bc th nghim
Bc 1. Ni cp cn th nghim ti u ra thit b th nghim PD.
Bc 2. Xc nh in p khi u (PDIV) v dp tt (PDEV) ca PD bng cch:
t mt in p vo cp cn th nghim, gi tr in p nh hn gi tr ngng
c th gy PD v tng dn in p ch n khi c phng in vt qu mt
cng qui nh thit b o nhn c, tuy nhin gi tr in p khng c
qu gi tr th nghim a ra trong cc bng (4,5,6,7). in p th nghim tng
ng vi ln cng PD o c l PDIV ca PD. Sau in p c tng
tip thm 10% v gim in p xung n gi tr m cng PD nh hn
cng qui nh m thit b khng nhn c. in p tng ng vi gi tr
phng in l PDEV ca PD. Nu PDIV = U
0,
trong trng hp ny cp
xut hin PD ngay in p vn hnh bnh thng, th hin c khuyt tt xy
ra cn c bin php khc phc.
Bc 3. t in p o PD nh sau:
- Cp in p danh nh 6(7,2)kV n 30(36)kV: in p th nghim PD s
tng t t v gi ti 2U
o
trong 10 giy, sau gim v 1,73U
o
v ti mc
ny o gi tr PD.
- Cp in p danh nh trn 30(36)kV n 150(170)kV v trn 150(170)kV
n 500(550)kV: in p th nghim PD s tng t t v gi ti 1,75U
o

trong 10 giy, sau gim v 1,5U
o
v ti mc ny o gi tr PD v gi tr
nhy o PD c ghi li.
Trong qu trnh o cn quan st bin v pha tn hiu PD cng s bin thin
theo s tng hay gim in p th nghim.
Pha 1 Pha 2, 3 + mn chn + v + t
Bc 4. Gim in p th nghim, ct ngun cp tin hnh tip a cp c th
nghim ngay sau mi tin hnh cc cng vic khc.

28
6.3.3. nh gi kt qu
So snh vi s liu nh ch to hay s liu o cho cp gn nht, yu cu gi tr
ca nhy s khng vt qu quy nh; c th tham kho thm gi tr o
bng 12, ph lc D.
- H thng cp tt nu cng PD thp v xu hng khng tng trong thi
gian th nghim . Cp tt nu mc PDIV cao hn 2U
o
v ngc li c th h
thng cp xu c PDIV thp.
- Xc nh v tr PD s dng phng php tn s ch o hay thi gian ch o.
Ch : - Th nghim ny p dng cho cp c in p danh nh trn 3,6/6(7,2) kV.
- (
**
) Th nghim ny l mt la chn, ty thuc vo iu kin thit b.
iu 7. Th nghim tn s thp (VLF)
Mc ch v iu kin th nghim tng t nh khi th nghim tn s cng
nghip, nu ti iu 5; iu 6; iu 8 quy trnh ny.
C th s dng VLF thay th cc phng php p dng ti iu 5; iu 6; iu
8. Tuy nhin phng php ny ch p dng cho cp c in p danh nh n
36kV, do hn ch v in p u ra ca thit b th nghim.
S dng VLF th nghim cp c cch in n p hay qun lp; s dng
cho c th nghim kiu v kiu . Mc ch v iu kin th nghim tng t
nh khi th nghim tn s cng nghip, nu ti iu 5; iu 6; iu 8
quy trnh ny.
7.1. Th nghim phng in PD bng VLF (
**
)
S dng VLF th nghim PD cho h thng cp lc c mn chn bao gm: cp,
hp ni cp, u cp. L dng th nghim kiu 2 c th pht hin, o lng, nh
v PD v.v. t nh gi tnh trng cch in ca h thng cp.
Cc bc th nghim cng nh tiu chun nh gi PD ging nh khi th nghim
s dng in p tn s 50Hz. S th nghim hnh 4.
- Th nghim PD thc hin bng cch t mt in p AC xen gia rut dn cp
v v mn chn kim loi ca cp. S dng mt Oscilloscope hoc my chn
on tn hiu s c th nhn c tn hiu mc nh c microVolt hay
microAmpere c pht ra ti im xy ra phng in cc b trong cch in
cp v to ra sng truyn v thit b thu nhn chn on.

29
- o PD t in p t U
o
n 2U
o
vo cp c th nghim vi thi gian nh
hn 10 pht, sau khi khi u phng in cc b (PDIV). Mi phng in PD xy
ra trong thi gian th nghim my tnh u ghi li. My tnh lp bn PD cung
cp ln, phm vi PD, v.v. theo dc chiu di ca cp, ng thi cung cp
thng tin mc cng nh khu vc v tr khuyt tt nu c.
2
3
1
4
5

1: Thit b o PD 4: Tn hiu n
2: My pht xung chun 5: Tn hiu phn hi
3: Cp c th nghim
Hnh 4: S dng VLF o PD
nh gi kt qu: tng t iu 6.
7.2. Th nghim o tn hao in mi (tg) bng VLF
o tn hao in mi (DF) s dng VLF thng o di tn s 0,1Hz. Cc bc
thc hin tng t nh ti iu 8. S o hnh 5.
Trc khi o tn hao in mi cn thc hin theo qui nh trong khon 3.1 iu
3 quy trnh ny.
S dng mt thit b o VLF, in p th nghim c t vo cc u cp v
ton b thng s o DF c gi v b phn iu khin v chn on, thit b s
chn on a ra s o tn hao in mi tg. Thng thng, in p th nghim
t vo cp v c tng tng bc. Php o u tin ti in p U
o
(in p
pha so vi t), nu gi tr tg ch ra cch in cp tt in p th nghim c
nng ln n 2U
o
.

30
4
1
2
3
5

1: Khi iu khin VLF 4: Cp c th nghim
2: Khi to cao p VLF 5: Thit b phn tch DF
3: Khi o lng
Hnh 5: o tg s dng VLF
nh gi kt qu th nghim:
Gc tn hao in mi tng theo so vi in p, ch ra mt thnh phn dng qua
in tr ln trong cch in. Cc kt qu o c c so snh vi tiu chun
k thut chung hoc so vi s liu cung cp bi nh ch to hay so vi s liu o
c trc , nu khng c th so vi s liu cp khc cng chng loi th
nghim xc nh cp cn thay th ngay hay c th ch i thm mt thi
gian. Cc kt qu th nghim c th c s dng nh l mt chun so snh th
nghim ln sau.
Tr s tn hao tg c o ti gi tr in p U
o
v in p 2U
o
v xc nh h
s lch ca tg l (=tg
(
o
2U )
- tg
(
o
U )
) theo bng 9.
Qua thc nghim khi o tg = 2,210
-3
;
- Nu gi tr tg >2,210
-3
cp nhim m (c cy nc), cp c th a tr li
vn hnh, nhng phi s dng VLF th nghim thm in p 3U
o
nhn bit
h hng ln, loi tr, sa cha cng sm cng tt.
- Nu gi tr tg<2,210
-3
, tnh trng chung ca cch in cp tt. Tuy nhin
trong cch in cp c th vn c nhng khim khuyt nh v cp c th vn

31
hnh mt thi gian. Lu cn kim tra thng xuyn tn hao in mi tg, nu
c hin tng suy gim hn na th phi c hnh ng khc phc.
- Nu c hin tng tng mnh DF cng tng in p th nghim, khng cn tng
in p th nghim ln 2U
o
do xut hin khi u ca cy in trong cch in.
Bng 8: Tiu chun gi tr lch cho php tg
- o U
o
gi tr tg>410
-3
cp nhim m (c cy nc), in p th nghim
yu cu khng c tng vt qu U
o
nhm ngn nga phng in trong cch
in cp v c k hoch thay th sa cha ngay.
- o U
o
gi tr tg<410
-3
,

tin hnh thm th nghim (kiu 1) bng VLF vi
gi tr 3U
o
trong thi gian 60 pht. Khi cp qua c bc th nghim ny
c th a tr li vn hnh m khng c d phng.
- Do tn hao in mi ph thuc vo nhit , do vy gi tr o ca tg thng
c quy i v nhit t = 20
o
C.
tg
(
o
2U )
= tg
(
o
2U )
-tg
(
o
U )
nh gi
<1,210
-3
<0,610
-3
Tt
1,210
-3
0,610
-3
C du hiu gi ha
2,210
-3
1,010
-3
Cch in xung cp
Tham kho cng thc quy i nh sau:
( )
20
1 20 tg tg t o o o = (

Trong :
tg
20
: gi tr o 20
o
C
tg : gi tr o nhit thc t.
t : nhit o thc t
= 0,02; h s bin i cho 1
o
C
7.3. Th nghim chu ng in p cao (kiu 1) bng VLF
Trc khi th nghim kiu 1 cn thc hin theo qui nh trong khon 3.1 iu 3
quy trnh ny.
Thit b th nghim VLF pht ra in p AC c dng sng sin.
Th nghim tin hnh nh th nghim in p tng cao tn s cng nghip. in p
th nghim tham kho theo bng 9 cng nh ti liu hng dn ca nh cung cp.

32
1
2
3
4
5

1: Khi VLF 4: Cp c th nghim
2: u ni ti cp c th nghim 5: Cp khng c th nghim
3: Tn hiu cao p tr v
Hnh 6: Th nghim in p cao bng VLF
Bng 9: Gi tr in p th nghim in p cao VLF
1 2 3 4
in p danh
nh
in p pha t
(nghim thu)-kV

in p phat
(nh k)-kV

Ghi ch
Hiu dng (kV) Hiu dng hoc
(nh)
Hiu dng hoc
(nh)

5 10(14) 7(10)
8 13(18) 10(14)
15 20(28) 16(22)
25 31(44) 23(33)
35 44 (62) 33(47)
Ch :
- in p th nghim bo dng nh k khong 80% gi tr in p th nghim
nghim thu, thi gian duy tr 15 pht.
- Gi tr trong bng p dng cho VLF dng sng sin.
nh gi kt qu th nghim:
- Nu trong thi gian duy tr in p, cp khng b phng in l tt v c th
a tr li vn hnh.
- Nu c h hng, in p th nghim s st gim ng thi bo v thit b ct
mch, nu c h hng cn xc nh im h hng ca cp.

33
iu 8. Th nghim tn hao in mi tn s 50Hz
8.1. Mc ch
nh gi s suy gim cht lng cch in theo thi gian s dng.
Pht hin ra cc khim khuyt nh trong cch in cp, cp b nhim m hoc
nhim bn, xut hin cy nc trong cch in, trong lp mn chn cch in
hoc ti u cp hay mi ni cp.
Kt hp vi cc th nghim chu ng (kiu 1) nh gi tng th tnh trng
- iu kin mi trng kh ro m (45 80)%, nhit mi trng
2510
o
C.
- Thit b th nghim theo nguyn l cu bin i t s nhnh hoc cu Schering.
Ngun in p cao c cng sut ph hp vi ti in dung cp cn th nghim.
Voltmet o in p cao, thit b o tn hao in mi, t mu v.v.
- Bin php an ton
B mt cc u cp cn phi sch s, kh ro trnh gy sai s cho th
nghim ny.
8.3. Cc bc thc hin
8.3.1. S th nghim
o tg v in dung cp tn s cng nghip thng s dng phng php cu.
Ti hin trng thng o DF v in dung ca cp vi in p t vo o DF
theo quy nh ca tng loi cp. Thng in p th nghim t (210) kV nhng
khng vt qu U
0
v o c hai i tng ni t v khng ni t (s thun
(UST) v s nghch (GST)).

34
1
2
3
4
5

1: Ngun cao p xoay chiu 4: Cp c th nghim
2: in dung mu 5: Cu o
3: Mch b
Hnh 7: o tn hao in mi tg
8.3.2. Cc bc thc hin
Bc 1. Ni t chc chn thit b th nghim.
Bc 2. Ni u cao p t thit b th nghim ti cp, cn u in p thp ni
t trong s o s dng GST (s nghch).
S dng s o UST (s thun) khi o cho cp nhiu rut dn khc nhau
th u in p cao s ni ti mt rut dn, cn u in p thp s c ni ti
cc rut dn khc cn li c ni tt li vi nhau. Sau chuyn sang rut
dn khc v u ni tng t.
Bc 3. Cch tin hnh o
Lun lun theo di an ton trong qu trnh th nghim, do tn hao in mi rt
nhy cm bin i vi iu kin mi trng, do cn tin hnh th nghim DF
trong iu kin mi trng tt nht c th. Nn quy i gi tr DF v nhit
20
o
C, tng t cng thc ti iu 7.
Th nghim c thc hin o gia rut dn cp vi mn chn nh sau:
chn v c ni t.
Vi cp ba pha c mn chn ring bit cho tng pha s dng s GST. u
cao p ca thit b th nghim ni ti 1 pha v u h p ni ti tt c cc pha
khc cn li c ni li vi nhau v ni t, phng php nh sau:

35
(Vi cp nhiu rut dn c th thc hin thm vic o tn hao in mi gia cc
rut dn s dng s UST).
Cp mt pha c mn chn s dng s GST, ni u cao p ca thit b th
nghim ti rut d cp, u cp h p ca thit b th nghim ni t.
nghim ngay sau mi tin hnh cc cng vic khc.
Lp li th nghim ny cho tt c cc pha cp cn li, tin hnh tng t nh
trn. Lun ni t tt c cc pha khng th nghim.
8.3.3. nh gi kt qu
i vi cc loi cp cch in khc nhau, phng php lp t khc nhau s o
ca tg thay i ng k so vi cc tr s nu trn. Th nghim s cho kt qu
tt nht khi cc s liu o c tng ng vi cc s liu c cung cp bi nh
ch to hay c o trc hoc so snh vi loi cp cng chng loi ring.
Gi tr tn hao in mi tham kho bng 10.
Bng 10: Gi tr tn hao v hng s in mi ca vt liu cch in
Kiu cch in Hng s in mi K tg
Tm PPP 3,5 0,710
-3

Giy tm du 2,7 2,310
-3

XLPE 2,3 0,110
-3

HDPE 2,3 0,110
-3

EPR 2,8 3,510
-3

Ch :- Vi cp s dng vt liu cch in tng hp TR-XLPE hoc loi x l
silicon lng c cc c tnh tg khc nhau, v vy cn da vo thm cc ch tiu
khc na nh gi tnh trng cch in.
- Cc kt qu th nghim chn on mang tnh tng qut, cung cp thng tin v
mc lo ho ca cch in. Th nghim chu ng ca cch in ch ra im
yu nht trong cch in.
- Th nghim ny p dng cho cp c in p danh nh trn 3,6/6(7,2)kV.

36
PH LC
Ph lc A . Th nghim in p xoay chiu tng cao AC
S dng mch cng hng

K1
AC(50Hz)
1
2
UE
UT
CL
LR

1: iu chnh in p L
R
: Khng cao p
2: MBA tng p C
L
: i tng th nghim
Hnh 8: Mch cng hng ni tip
Tnh cng sut yu cu cho th nghim:
S=2fCV
2
Trong :
S : cng sut yu cu th nghim in p AC
f : tn s cng nghip 50Hz
C : in dung cp cn th nghim F
V : in pha t vo cp cn th nghim (kV)

37
Ph lc B . Th nghim tn hao in mi

Hnh 9: Cu bin i t s nhnh v cu Schering o tg
Dng cu chung nht l cu Shering, s dng cu o i hi mt ngun cp in
AC cao p (HV) v mt t in tiu chun C
N
gn nh khng c tn tht.
Cng ngh hin i cho php s dng phng php VLF o tn hao in mi.
Cng ngh ny s gim c cng sut yu cu so vi khi s dng ngun o
tn s 50Hz.
1
2
4
3

1: Thit b o VLF 3: Mn chn dng r
2: u ni ti cp c th nghim 4: Cp c th nghim
Hnh 10: S dng VLF o tn hao in mi tg

38

Bng 11: Gi tr tg ti U
o

in p danh nh (kV)
PE
x 10
-4
HDPE
x 10
-4

XLPE
x 10
-4

EPR/HEPR
x 10
-4

Trn 30(36) n 150(170)

10 10 10 50
Trn 150(170) n 500(550)

10 10 10 30
T 1 (1,2) n 30(36)

10 - 40 200

39
Ph lc C . Th nghim cp s dng VLF
1. VLF vi dng sng cosin hnh ch nht/xung lng cc

Hnh 11: VLF sng cosin hnh ch nht
* u im:
- S thay i cc tnh trong cc chu k tng t nh tn s cng nghip
- C th o c dng in r.
- in p th nghim t 3U
o
, c kch thc v trng lng tng ng thit b
th nghim DC.
- S dng th nghim cho cp cch in n p v cch in dng qun lp.
- C th loi ra mt s khuyt tt trong cch in ca cp tt khc.
* Nhc im:
- Khi th nghim cho cp c cy nc hoc cy in ch th nghim ny th cha
iu kin nh gi tnh trng cch in. Do cn b sung thm th nghim
chn on khc c c s nh gi mc suy gim cch in.
- H thng cp s phi tch hon ton khi vn hnh th nghim.

40

2. VLF vi dng sng sin

Hnh 12: VLF sng sin
* u im:
- S thay i cc tnh lin tc trong cc chu k nn t hnh thnh tch in ti
khong trng trong cch in
- in p th nghim t 3U
o
, thit b c kch thc v trng lng tng ng
thit b th nghim in p DC.
- S dng th nghim cho cp cch in n p v cch in qun lp v hn hp.
- o tn hao in mi, dng r, kh nng s dng quang ph in mi o mc
suy gim ca cch in.
- Th nghim PD.
- C th phi hp trong cng thit b cc chc nng nh: th nghim chu ng,
o PD, o DF trong cng qu trnh tin hnh th nghim cp.
* Nhc im:
- Khi th nghim cho cp c cy nc hoc cy in ch th nghim ny th cha
iu kin nh gi tnh trng cch in. Do cn b sung thm th nghim
chn on khc c c s nh gi mc suy gim cch in.

41
- Th nghim PD c d liu khng th so snh trc tip vi s liu th nghim
tn s 50Hz.
- Mt vi d liu trong th nghim chn on khng th so snh vi s liu th
nghim tn s 50Hz.
- cc mc th nghim in p cao tn s thp di 0,01Hz c th to ra tch
in ti cc khong trng trong cp in mi n p.
3. VLF vi in p DC iu chnh cc dng - m

Hnh 13: VLF sng bc DC lp chng trnh trn 2 cc
*u im:
- Th nghim ny thch hp cho cp mi c c cch in n p ni vi cp
c cch in dng qun lp.
- Thit b th nghim c th vn chuyn d dng cng nh cng sut yu cu c
th so c vi cc thit b xc nh im h hng ca cp.
* Nhc im:
- Trong h thng cp c cch in hn hp phn cch in n p vn hnh
lu trong tnh trng c s hin din ca hi m, th nghim in p DC c
tui th ngn hn so vi d kin ca cch in n p.

42

Hnh 14: VLF sng ch nht lng cc f=0,1 Hz

4. VLF th nghim kiu 1
K1
AC
1
+
-
2
3
4
5
HVVLF

1: iu chnh in p 4: Lc v phng in
2: Bin i t l 5: Dao o cc
3: MBA tng p

Hnh 15: Th nghim cp s dng VLF

43
Ph lc D . Th nghim phng in cc b - PD

1
2
3
4
5
6

1: Ngun cao p 4: Cp c th nghim
2: Lc c lp 5: Cp khng c th nghim
3: o PD 6: T lin lc

Ca Ck
Zm
Mi
Tr
Zn

1: MBA tng cao Z
n
: B phn lc m thanh
C
a
: in dung ca cp c th nghim C
k
: T lin lc
Z
m
: Tng tr o M
i
: Thit b o PD

Hnh 16: Th nghim PD tn s cng nghip

44
7
8
1
2
3
6
4
5

1: Ngun DC 5: Cp c th nghim
2: Kha thao tc bn dn IGBT 6: Thit b lin lc
3: Cun khng 7: B lc
4: B phn p 8: Thit b o
Hnh 17: S dng OSW th nghim PD
Thc t cha c tiu chun no v mc PD cho th nghim cp v ph kin cp
ti hin trng, do vy nu p dng theo cc tiu chun nh gi kt qu th
nghim PD a ra iu 6 rt kh p dng khi thc hin ti hin trng. Qua
tm hiu c th tham kho thm gi tr PD cho cp v ph kin cp bng 12 di
y ca HVPD.co.uk.

45
Bng 12: Gi tr PD cho cp v ph kin cp (tham kho)

in p danh nh
(kV)
Cp PILC 1000 (pC) Cp XLPE 1000 (pC)
Kt qu
Ph kin Cch in Ph kin Cch in
6,6 36
0 4 0 3 0 0,5 0 0,25 t yu cu
4 6 3 6,5 0,5 10,5 0,25 0,35 Theo di
6 10 6,5 10 1 2,5 0,35 0,5 Yu cu kim sot
> 10 > 10 > 2,5 > 0,5 Sa cha, thay th
66 400
0 0,25 0 0,05 t yu cu
- 0,05 0,2 Theo di
0,25 1 0,2 0,4 Yu cu kim sot
> 1 > 0,5 Sa cha, thay th

46
Ph lc E . Th nghim cp s dng OSW
1. Mc ch
nh gi cht lng khi lp t cp ti cc mi ni cng nh u cp.
Pht hin cc khuyt tt c th gy ra cc s c trong qu trnh lm vic ca
cp m khng to ra cc h hng mi c th gy tn hi ti tui th ca h
thng cp.
Pht hin cc h hng nhn to nh cc vt ct bng dao, v tr h hng trong
hp mi ni, u cp v cc khong trng trong cch in c to ra trong qu
trnh lp t. ng thi tm kim s phng in chc thng trong cch in v
c th s dng kt hp cc th nghim (kiu 1 v kiu 2) nh gi tng th
tnh trng cch in cp.
2. iu kin th nghim
2510
o
C.
- Thit b th nghim bao gm ngun in p DC c cng sut ph hp np in
cho t in C v C
X
(in dung cp cn th nghim). Sau khi np n in p
yu cu t phng in qua cun cm c cm khng thp to in p dao ng
tn s (110)kHz trong mch. Trong thit b c mch o lng, o in p cao,
chn on v.v.
- Bin php an ton
B mt cc u cp cn phi sch s, kh ro trnh gy sai s cho th nghim ny.
Do ti nhng u cui ny th cn c ngi gim st xung quanh.
3. Cc bc tin hnh th nghim OSW
4 S th nghim: nh hnh 18

47
1
3
2
5
4
7
6
8

1: Ngun DC 5: B phn p
2: Cun khng 6: Cp c th nghim
3: Kha thao tc 7: B lc
4: B ni o PD 8: Thit b hin th
Hnh 18: S th nghim OSW
5. Cc bc thc hin
Bc 1. u ni s , cp c th nghim ni ti thit b th nghim OSW.
Bc 2. Bt u np t t in cho cp vi in p DC.
Bc 3. Tng in p vi cc bc t 20 n 30kV.
Bc 4. To 50 ln phng ti mi mc in p.
Bc 5. Khong thi gian gia cc ln phng t hai n ba pht.
nghim ngay sau mi tin nh cc cng vic khc.

48
Th nghim sau khi lp t nh sau:
Np in t t cho cp, s dng ngun cp in DC.
Sau khi t ti tr s 3U
o
, ngun DC s b ct v thit b ng nhanh tc ng.
Cp s phng in qua mt in khng, to ra in p th OSW.
Trnh t ny s c lp li 50 ln.
6. nh gi kt qu
Sau 50 ln phng in cp khng xy ra phng in th coi nh t yu cu. Cc
k thut vin da vo thng s o c s chn on nh gi tnh trng cch
in ca cp, thng s o c trong qu trnh th nghim c lu s
vit bo co.
Mch th nghim bao gm mt ngun cp in DC np in cho t in C v
in dung cp C
X
. Sau khi t n in p th nghim t C phng in qua
mt cun dy rng (li khng kh) c cm khng thp. Qu trnh phng in
trong mch to ra mt in p dao ng trong di tn s kiloHertz (kHz).
Vic chn C v L (chiu di cp) ph thuc vo tr s C
X
nhn c mt
tn s gia 1 v 10 kHz.

49
Ph lc F . Bng mi lin quan gia U
o
/U v U
m

Bng 13: Mi lin quan gia U
o
/U v U
m

in p nh mc ca cp v ph
kin U
o
/U (kV)
in p cao nht cho thit b
U
m
(kV)
1,8/3 v 3/3; 1,5/3 v 3,3/3,3 3,6
3,6/6 v 6/6; 3,8/6,6 v 6,6/6,6 7,2
6/10 v 8,7/10; 6,35/11 v 8,7/11 12
8,7/15 17,5
12/20; 12,7/22 24
18/30; 19/33 36
26/45; 27/47 42
38/66; 40/69 72,5
63,5/110; 66/115 123
76/132; 80/138 145
87/150; 93/161 170
127/220; 133/230 245
290/500 525

50
Ph lc G .Xc nh im h hng ca cp
1. Mc ch
Trong qu trnh th nghim kiu 1 v kiu 2 cho cp, thng pht hin ra nhng
im khuyt tt ca cp v v tr nhng khuyt tt cn xc nh.
Ngoi ra trong qu trnh s dng, h thng cp c th xy ra s c h hng bt
thng v cc im h hng s c cn xc nh.
Ph lc ua ra mt s phng php k thut xc nh im h hng cho cc
loi cp c mn chn kim loi.
2. Cu trc, s thay th v cc dng h hng
2.1. Cu trc

Hnh 19: S cu trc cp in
2.2. S thay th h hng
1
3
2
4
3
2
4

1 : V cp 3 : Khe h phng in
2 : in tr phi tuyn 4 : Rut dn in
Hnh 20: S thay th im h hng ca cp

51
2.3. Cc dng h hng thng gp
2.3.1. Chm chp 2 rut dn vi nhau hoc chm chp rut dn vi mn
chn (h hng song song)
Thng thng h hng ny xy ra chm chp gia cc rut dn vi nhau hoc
xy ra gia rut dn vi lp mn chn; gia cc rut dn vi mn chn. Kinh
nghim thc tin cho thy phn ln cc h hng ca cp xy ra di dng h
hng ny.
c im ca h hng ny th hin khi kim tra in tr cch in, gi tr in
tr nm khong t 0 M ( in tr nh) ti vi M (in tr cao).

Hnh 21: H hng chm chp cc rut dn, rut dn vi mn chn
2.3.2. S c cp phng in (h hng song song)
Trng hp ny xy ra in tr s c rt ln v cp c tch in, in p phng
in c th n vi kilovol v li thng xy ra ti cc im hp ni cp. Ti
im h hng c th coi nh l khe h phng in h quang v khong cch cc
in cc phng in xc nh theo in p t vo. in tr cch in l khng
gii hn cho ti khi t c in p phng in.

Hnh 22: H hng do cp phng in
2.3.3. H hng gin on (cp h mnh hay t)
Nguyn do cp b t hon ton hoc im mi ni cp b tut s dn ti gin
on. H hng ny xy ra th in tr rt cao, gi tr ln v cng () khi cp t

52
hon ton. Vi dng h hng ny gi tr in tr kt hp c ni tip v
song song.

Hnh 23: H hng do cp t
2.3.4. H hng do rut dn chm t hay v cp chm t
H hng xy ra gia lp mn chn vi lp t xung quanh. c bit nhng h
hng ny cn thn trng khi tin hnh s dng in p cao, iu ny rt quan trng
do c phng in p cao trc tip ti t. Kt qu gy nguy him cho ngi.

Hnh 24: H hng do cp chm t
2.3.5. H hng do nc thm nhp hoc nhim m
Trn cp nhiu rut, thng cc rut dn c nh hng vi nhau. Phng in
thng khng lun xy ra v tr m nc hay m thm nhp vo cp. Gi
tr in tr khong vi k tr khng cp khng thay i. Ty thuc vo cu
trc ca cp (v d: cp c chng thm dc) th h hng c th xy ra ti mt
im hoc lan rng trong ton b cp. H hng do nhim m thng kh nh v
do c xu hng bin i, c th gy hin tng phng in cc b mnh v
thng xy cc mi ni cp. im h hng c th thnh im c in tr cao
sau khi c t 1 n 2 ln phng in v sau khng thm bt k s phng in
no na, nc b thi ra khi cc mi ni v b lm kh. Dng h hng khc
l h hng di nc. y di p lc nc ngn chn nh hng chy ca
im h hng gy ra trong khi ang c in p cao t vo cp. V tr im h
hng cng rt kh xc nh.

53

Hnh 25: Cp c nc thm nhp
3. Cc bc tin hnh xc nh im h hng ca cp
3.1 Ni qui an ton
- Thc hin theo cc qui nh trong khon 3.1 iu 3 quy trnh ny.
- Khi thi nghim cp cn ch cng tc an ton cho ngi v thit b th
nghim. H thng cp cn th nghim phi c lp hon ton vi mi ngun in
cp n. Ty thuc vo dng h hng ca cp in chn phng php tm im
h hng ph hp.
- Trong khi tin hnh th nghim, cp c hn 1 u cp i xa ra khi ni t
thit b th nghim. Trc khi bt u th nghim phi:
+ Cc u cp cn c lm v sinh sch s v ti cc u cp xa cn lp khu
cch ly mi thit b lin quan c in v u cch xa cn c ngi cnh gii.
+ Ct in hon ton 2 pha v tip t.
- Kt thc qu trnh th nghim trc mi cng vic cn:
+ Tin hnh tip t phng in cho cp sau mi ln th nghim.
+ Yu cu ni t cp v thit b th nghim nhm ngn nga vic ti np in
cho cp do hin tng np in vo in dung cp.
Ty thuc kiu cch in v tng i tng th nghim, nhn chung in p s
dng tm im h hng nh sau :
- Cp PILC: in p DC /AC 50Hz/VLF
- Cp PE/XLPE: in p AC/VLF
3.2. S tm im h hng

54

Hnh 26 : S tm im h hng
3.3. Cc bc cn thit tin hnh
xc nh im h hng c th chia nh sau :
1. Phn loi s c - xc nh dng s c.
2. Xc nh s b khong cch n im s c.
3. Ch ra tuyn cp s c, xc nh hng i ti im s c ti hin trng.
4. im h hng - xc nh chnh xc v tr h hng ca cp ti hin trng.
5. Nhn din ng si cp b s c trong h thng cp.
Xc nh im h hng mng cp hnh tia
a. Vi h thng cp c lp
- Kim tra chiu di ca cp cng vi cc mi ni nh thit b o phn x thi
gian ch o (TDR).
- o in tr cch in (R) im h hng ca cp s dng Megaommet.
- Nu R < 5, khong cch ti im h hng s c o nh TDR v im h
hng s c d tm nh thit b d bng tn s m thanh.
- Nu R > 500, mt my thc in hay my pht cao p phi hp vi TDR
o khong cch n im h hng. Thit b d m thanh hay in t s xc nh
im h hng ca cp.

55
- Nu 5 < R < 500 , phng php phn x h quang t chy hoc pht xung
c th c la chn.
b. Vi h thng cp ni vng vi MBA, chng st v.v.
Vi phng php TDR, chiu di cng gii hn cp, im bt u, im hp ni
cp, im ni MBA, cp trung gian v.v. s c kim tra.
Mt my thc in, hay pht cao p phi hp vi TDR xc nh im v
khong cch n im h hng.
Xc nh chnh xc im h hng bng thit b d m thanh hay in t.
c. H thng cp si n c nhiu nhnh
Vi phng php TDR, chiu di cng gii hn cp, im bt u, im hp ni
cp, im ni MBA, cp trung gian v.v. s c kim tra.
Mt my thc in hay pht cao p phi hp vi TDR xc nh im v
khong cch n im h hng. Xc nh chnh xc im h hng ca nhnh
cp bng thit b d tm m thanh hay in t.
d. H thng cp 3 rut dn ngm nc cng nh cp kiu ng.
* K thut chun
Chiu di v gii hn ca cp, im bt u v kt thc, im chuyn tip v.v. s
o c nh thit b o phn x thi gian ch o (TDR).
o in tr cch in (R) xc nh h hng ca cp dng Megaommet. Xc nh
chnh xc im h hng bng thit b d m thanh hay in t.
Nu R<5, khong cch ti im h hng xc nh bng TDR v v tr im h
hng xc nh nh thit b d tn s m thanh.
Nu R>500, mt my thc in hay my pht cao p phi hp vi TDR o
khong cch n im h hng. My d m thanh hay in t s pht hin v tr
im h hng ca cp.
Nu 5 < R <500, phng php phn x h quang t chy hoc pht xung
c th c la chn.
* K thut khc
- S dng TDR vi 2 hay 3 knh u vo k thut s, s dng so snh cc pha
h hng vi cc pha tt v do vy xc nh im h hng s d dng hn.
- Cu in p cao hoc in p thp phi hp vi TDR xc nh khong cch
n im h hng cp.

56
- C th s dng cu o in p cao hoc in p thp c th xc nh khong
cch n im h hng cho cp s dng dng in s c gin on trn v cp.

Bng 14: Phng php xc nh theo gi tr in tr h hng khc nhau
Kim tra in tr cch in
R < 0,1
R > 0, 1
Ohmmeter test (kim tra in tr)
R < 5
5 < R < 1
k
R > 1 k
R < 500
M
R > 500
M
Trc tip TDR
Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
So snh v cc
phng php
khc
So snh v cc
phng php
khc
So snh v cc
phng php
khc
Khng p
dng
So snh v
cc phng
php khc
Khng p
dng
Phn x sng
h quang
Phn x sng
h quang
Phn x
sng h
quang
Phn x
sng h
quang
Khng p
dng
Phn x h
quang chy
Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
Phng php
sng xung
Phng php
sng xung
Phng
php sng
xung
Phng
php sng
xung
K thut cu
o
K thut cu
o

K thut cu
o

Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
Khng p
dng
Phng
php ph
hy

57

Bng 15: Phn loi cc h hng da trn c tnh in ca cp
S c song song
H hng song song, thc hin o in
tr cch in, h mch u cp
S c ni tip
H hng ni tip, thc hin kim tra lin
mch, ngn mch u cp
Ngn mch
a/ Tc ng c hc lm cho li chm chp
vng ng tm.
b/ cch in cp b chy; in tr thp;
R< 5O; tn ti cu carbon kim loi ni
gia rut dn v vng ng tm.
c/ Cch in kh to ng dn in tr
thp gia rut dn v vng ng tm.
Phi tuyn (ph thuc in p)
a/ Phn ln s c trn cp cch in
n p thuc dng ny, in p thp
U<500V cp h hin nh khng b hng.
Cn in p U> 500V ch h hng
phng in hoc cp th hin c tnh
in tr phi tuyn ph thuc in p.
b/ Vi s c cp ngm nc, in tr
song song thay i theo in p t vo.
H mch
Cp thng xuyn duy tr mt in p
DC ln hn in p gia rut dn ti t.
a/ Do h

hng c hc, u cp h, hoc
t mi ni.
b/ Qua thit b ng lp li, rut dn b
bt ra gy h mch.

H mch
a/ Do h

hng c hc. Vng ng tm,v bc
hoc rut dn tch ra, t mi ni.
b/ H hng v in,cp, im ni cp, u
cp b bt ra gy h mch.
Ch : h hng ny thng xy ra khi h thng
cp b ct thng qua thit b ng lp li

Phi tuyn (ph thuc dng in)
a/ Phn lp bc ng tm trung tnh b n mn.
b/ Mi ni v u cp b suy gim cht lng.
c/ Rut dn b chy
d/ H hng do ngm nc l ra.

58

Gin chung tin hnh xc nh im h hng ca cp

59
Gii thch gin
- S dng meggommet (500 1000)V
DC
kim tra in tr cch in cp,
nhm tm pha b s c cng nh phn loi s c.
- Dng in p cao DC gy qu p phng in, to chy ti im h hng vi
mc ch bin i h hng gip nhn bit h hng r rng hn. S hnh 27.
T
V
C
D
R

Hnh 27: S dng in p cao gy phng in im h hng
- Xc nh c cp v dng h hng bng phng php TDR, ARM, ICE v.v.
- S dng cc thit b chuyn dng xc nh hng n v tr h hng.
- Dng my thu tn s m thanh hoc thit b d m thanh ting phng in v.v.
xc nh chnh xc im b h hng cng nh im chm t ca v bc.
4 Tham kho phng php xc nh h hng cp
4.1 Phng php phn x thi gian ch o (TDR)
y l phng php da trn k thut d sng RADAR ( radio detection and
ranging) chn on thi gian v vn tc cc sng radio s dng trong cng ngh
iu khin trong hng khng. p dng d h hng nu cp c 2 rut dn c khong
cch gia chng v chiu di khng i. Khi s dng cho cp ngm di t cc
xung in p 10 20V c thi gian ngn truyn tc cao lp i lp li trong cp
gia rut dn v trung tnh hoc gia 2 rut dn. Mn hnh s hin th xung phn
x v nhng thay i xung do nguyn nhn thay i tng tr ca cp. Mi xung
phn x hin th trn mn hnh vi thi gian trn trc ngang (trc honh) v bin
xung phn x nm trn trc ng(trc tung). Ton b thi gian c o v vn tc
xung cng c bit, khong cch ti im phn x c tnh ton.
D = V
P
T /2

60
Trong :
D : khong cch
V
P

: vn tc truyn sng
T : thi gian truyn sng

Hnh 28: S dng TDR o chiu di cp c u cui h
4.2 Phng php pht xung
V c bn my pht xung in p cao bao gm : ngun cp in p cao DC ; t cao
p v mt vi kiu c kha ng m in p cao. S khi nh hnh v sau:

Hnh 29: S khi my pht xung

61
Ngun cp DC s dng np in vo cho t in cao p v sau tip im
cao p ng li phng in tch ti t in ti cp c th nghim. Nu in p
phng in ln s gy phng in ti v tr cp h hng. Nng lng tch
trong t in phng in lp i lp li thnh tia la qua im h hng to nn
m thanh hoc ting g trong t. tng ting vang (ting ng) ti im s c
ca cp, ch c th thc hin c bng vic tng in p do ngi th nghim
hoc tng in dung t np ch c th thc hin do nh ch to.
- Chc nng chu ng ( Proof Mode) c s dng kim tra xem cp v
ph kin cp tt hay xu.
- Chc nng t chy (Burn mode) c s dng khi ti im h hng ca cp
khng phng in in p cc i ca my pht xung. Trong iu kin nh
vy cn lm thay i c tnh in ca cp ti im h hng bng cch t in
p vo cp cho n khi no phng in xy ra v sau khi phng in c dng
chy qua.
- Chc nng pht xung ( Surge Mode), chc nng ny t in cao p bn
trong c iu khin np in ti mc in p c la chn v sau phng
in ti cp thng qua tip im cao p. Qu trnh c th t ng lp li theo
thi gian bng vic kim sot thi gian pht xung hoc thc hin iu khin
bng tay mt s thit b. Sng dng in t t phng in hnh trnh dc trong
cp qua im h quang ti ch cp h hng v quay tr li t in theo ng
trung tnh hoc mn chn bo v. Qu trnh phng in lp i lp li v nng
lng to thnh m thanh pht ra qua t, tn dng tn hiu m thanh d im
b h hng.
4.3 Phng php phn x h quang

62

Hnh 30 : Phng php phn x h quang cng bc
Phng php ny thng c xem nh k thut d sng in p cao, khc
phc nhng hn ch ca TDR in p thp khng thch hp cho d tm s c
cp h hng dng song song c in tr ln. Yu cu p dng phng php ny
l cn TDR, my pht xung cao p, thit b lc phn x h quang. My pht
xung in p cao s dng to nn h quang ti im h hng chng to ra
thi im ngn mch v TDR c th ch th xung phn x, b lc phn x h
quang bo v TDR t xung in p cao do my pht xung to ra v hng xung
in p thp t cp v. S phn x h quang in p cao.
Hnh 31: Phng php phn x h quang in p cao

63
4.3.1 Phn x h quang so lch
Phng php ny v c bn nhm ko di thi gian h quang phn x v yu cu s
dng my pht sng xung, thit b lc h quang phn x v thit b chn on. ng
dng thut ton thit b chn on DART hin th nhng hm s khc nhau gia
ng in p thp v ng in p cao thit b d c trn mn hnh (xem hnh).

Hnh 32: Phng php phn x h quang v phn x h quang so lch
4.3.2 Phn x sng xung
Phng php ny yu cu s dng mt thit b ghp ni, my pht xung v thit
b chn on. Thit b chn on lm nhim v nh my hin sng tm kim v
ch th nhng phn x t im h hng pht ra di tc ng ca my pht xung
in p cao. Thit b chn on ny lm vic tnh trng b ng nhn tn hiu
xung pht ra t im h hng v khng nh TDR l gi xung i.
S dng phng php ny my pht xung ni trc tip ti cp m khng s dng
thit b lc phn x h quang. Phng php ny b hn ch bi c dng v in p
t ti im h hng ca cp i hi cn c in p v dng gy ion ha cao.

64
My pht xung cao p s gi tn hiu xung in p cao ti cp v ti im h
hng s to h quang, xut hin nng lng ti im h quang v phn x quay
li my pht xung. Phn x ny lp i lp li v pha im h hng v my pht
xung ch n khi tt c nng lng b phng ht. Mt thit b cm bin sng
phn x c kt ni cng thit b s nhn v chn on, hin th dng sng trn
mn hnh.

Hnh 33: Phng php phn x sng xung phn in p cao
4.3.3. Phn x in p phn r/ph hy
Phng php ny yu cu s dng mt thit b ghp ni, thit b cp ngun cao p
DC, v thit b chn on. Thit b chn on lm nhim v lu sng dao ng
nhn c v hin th nhng sng phn x h quang pht ra t im h hng ca
cp di tc ng ca in p cao DC. Thit b chn on lm vic tnh trng b
ng nhn tn hiu xung pht ra t im h hng v khng nh TDR l gi xung
i. Phng php ny ch yu s dng cho nh v h hng cp c yu cu c in
p phng in chc thng cao hn my pht xung cao p tiu chun.
in p u ra ca thit b c th t 160kV tin hnh th phng in chc
thng cho im h hng v d tm in p qu s dng thit b cm bin
thch hp v thit b chn on.

65
in p cao DC c t vo cp v tng t t np vo in dung ca cp ch
n khi im h hng c in tr cao b phng in chc thng. Ti thi im
chc thng in dung ca cp phng in qua im h hng pht ra xung in
p hnh trnh ngc tr li ti thit b to in p cao v ti v tr xut hin phn
x v l im h hng.
Khi in p xung t ti im h hng, cc tnh xung o chiu v hnh trnh
quay tr li thit b in p cao. Nhng phn x quay li lin tc cho n khi
nng lng trong sng dao ng b tiu tn ht. Thit b ghp ni cm bin c
s dng nhn bit sng phn x v hin th dng sng trn mn hnh, thit b
chn on da vo o thi gian, tnh ton khong cch.
Hnh 34 : Phng php phn r (ph hy)

66
Ph lc H . H s hiu chnh in tr cch in
Bng 6: K- H s hiu chnh IR theo nhit 20
o
C
Nhit
(
o
C)
Vt liu cch in
Giy Nha tng hp Cao su
5 0,58 0,1 0,5
6 0,6 0,12 0,53
7 0,64 0,15 0,55
8 0,67 0,17 0,58
9 0,69 0,19 0,61
10 0,73 0,22 0,64
11 0,74 0,26 0,68
12 0,76 0,3 0,7
13 0,79 0,35 0,73
14 0,82 0,42 0,76
15 0,85 0,48 0,80
16 0,87 0,56 0,84
17 0,90 0,64 0,88
18 0,93 0,75 0,91
19 0,97 0,87 0,96
20 1 1 1
21 1,03 1,17 1,05
22 1,07 1,35 1,13
23 1,1 1,57 1,2
24 1,14 1,82 1,27
25 1,18 2,1 1,35
26 1,22 2,42 1,43
27 1,27 2,83 1,52
28 1,32 3,3 1,61
29 1,38 3,82 1,71
30 1,44 4,45 1,82
31 1,52 5,2 1,93
32 1,59 6,0 2,05
33 1,67 6,82 2,18
34 1,77 7,75 2,31
35 1,87 8,8 2,46

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