A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION PROJECT TEAM NO.

4 IV CHARITY

DEFINITION OF PACKAGING
Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use.

BRIEF HISTORY OF PACKAGING

Paper may be the oldest form of what today is referred to as "flexible packaging. In early days there is less need for packaging, either for transportation or storage. Before the creation of pure packaging materials people use many of the natural things to make a basket for packaging to protect products from contamination, from environmental damage, from theft or from any other damage. They used woven grasses, animal organs or this type of things for that. But these days we are using paper products, glass products, metal products and Plastic products for packaging. One rather recent development in packaging is the labeling of the product with the company name and contents information. Official trademarks were pioneered in 1866 by Smith Brothers for their cough drops marketed in large glass jars. This was a new idea _ using the package to "brand" a product for the benefit of the consumer. In 1870, the first registered U.S. trademark was awarded to the Eagle_Arwill Chemical Paint Company.

IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING
To attract attention Protection of the goods inside Assist in promotion Provide machine identification (barcodes, etc.), impart essential or additional information - Help in utilization and consumption - Used for track and trace purposes
Packaging also fulfils a key role for it provides us with a recognizable

logo and also we can instantly know what the goods are inside. From the consumer perspective, packaging plays a major role when products are purchased as both a cue and as a source of information.

IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING TO MARKETING

Packaging is a very important marketing strategy to

glamorize your product in order to attract the consumers attention. Sometimes packaging is so important that it cost more than the product itself in order to lure the consumers to buy it. Packaging should definitely be included in the 4 major Ps of marketing (product, place, promotion and price). Packaging plays an important role in the marketing context. The right packaging can help a brand carve a unique position in the marketplace and in the minds on consumers. Packaging has a better reach than advertising does, and can set a brand apart from its competitors. It promotes and reinforces the purchase decision not only at the point of purchase, but also every time the product is used.

Packaging has a better reach than advertising does, and can set a brand apart from its competitors. It promotes and reinforces the purchase decision not only at the point of purchase, but also every time the product is used. Packaging in different serving sizes can extend a product into new target markets or help to overcome cost barriers. Packaging can even drive the brand choice (especially in the context of childrens products).

It was found out that most consumers like the product quality after they purchased their desired packaged products. Based on those facts, we cannot say there is a 100% equal relationship between good package and good product quality, but there is a positive thinking and trend about well - designed package shows high product quality. As a matter of fact, people are becoming more and more demanding; packaging has been gradually shown his important role in a way to serving consumer by providing information and delivering functions.

Packaging in different serving sizes can extend a product into new target markets or help to overcome cost barriers. Packaging can even drive the brand choice (especially in the context of childrens products). As the market becomes more competitive and shelf space is at a premium, products need to be able to stand out from the crowd and packaging needs to provide more than just functional benefits and information.

With its different functionality to ease and to communicate with consumers, there is no doubt about increasingly important role of packaging as a strategic tool to attract consumers attention and their perception on the product quality.

Having attractive packaging doesnt mean you should neglect quality either. In fact, you need to make high quality products in order to have repeated sales. Converting first time buyers into loyal customers should be the main goal of your business and packaging is the door to it.

PACKAGING DESIGN
PACKAGING DESIGN has the primary goal to attract customers attention. For this purpose, package designs can not simply inform the customers, but also provoke feelings and communicate emotions. An effective packaging looks attractive, impresses with its creativity and is just nice to have on the shelf. Colors, fonts, descriptions and logos are the tools that are used in packaging design. Companies market their brands by creating a specific "look and feel" to their product's packaging. A customer must feel comfortable enough with the presentation of the company's brand to want to purchase the product.

CLASSIFICATION OF PACKAGING
Primary packaging is the material that first envelops the

product and holds it. This usually is the smallest unit of distribution or use and is the package which is in direct contact with the contents. Secondary packaging is outside the primary packaging, perhaps used to group primary packages together. Tertiary packaging is used for bulk handling, warehouse storage and transport shipping. The most common form is a palletized unit load that packs tightly into containers.

POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN DEVELOPING PACKAGING

1. Make sure the packaging is unique. - The packaging must stand out from the crowd and be different from your competitors. 2. Make sure it performs the function required. - Part of the firms packaging strategy maybe to make the packaging a functional part of the product. Some drink cartons follow this strategy. Muller yogurts corner have their packaging divided into two sections where consumers can mix yogurt and fruit as and when they choose. The packaging therefore encourages the consumer to interact with the product. If it is a food product, the packaging must also preserve the product for a period of time. The packaging must also be safe and tested to make sure consumers can safely use it. Many users give up using the product if the packaging of it makes it difficult for the consumer to access and use the product.

3. Make sure packaging promotes your product and brand. - Packaging must be designed so it promotes the benefits of the product and promotes the product brand. The brand name must be clearly visible, and the benefits of the product clear for the consumer to see. 4. Make sure packaging is identifiable and reinforces the brand. - When the product sits on the shelf of the retailer the packaging must stand out and be identifiable by the consumer. The packaging of the product must reinforce not just the product brand but also the corporate brand. Will it follow a common colour scheme? Will fonts be similar to other products with the range? In essence does the packing have to follow the family brand strategy? This is really important as consumer who walk down an aisle of a shop recognize a product through its packaging strategy and will often pick up a product without double checking their purchase.

TYPES OF PACKAGING
- Paper and Carton Packaging Paper and carton packaging is used for different types of goods (food, electronics, toys, shoes, kitchenware and even other packaging materials). Paper and carton packaging companies produce wrapping paper, inflated paper, sheets, boxes, tubes, pallets, interlayers, corners, edges and custom protective systems (depending on the dimension and shape of the packed good, the carton is cut and modeled to fix and protect the product). Paper can be used to laminate other materials in order to make them stronger. There is also anticorrosive paper that can be used to wrap goods or to laminate other materials. - Film Packaging There are multiple types of films used in the packaging industry, most commonly polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyolefin and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films. The films usually come on a roll and are used to wrap goods, cover goods, protect boxes and make other packaging products (such as bags, tubes, bubble wrap and sheets). Films can be used for lamination, printed or perforated. They can be anticorrosive, antistatic, shrinkable or nonshrinkable, and slippery or nonslippery.

- Foam Packaging Foam used for packaging can be produced on a roll or in sheets of different thicknesses. The foam is used to wrap goods or make bags (usually laminated with high-density PE), corners, edges and custom systems. The corners and edges are used to protect flat glass, furniture and sharp edges. Foam can be cut and modeled on the product's shape to fix and protect it. It can be antistatic and has good insulation properties. - Textile Packaging There are some goods that are best protected by textiles. For example, there are custom-made textile insertions used in the automotive industry to protect car parts during transportation. The textile insert is put on a metal frame that fits into a metal container. There is also textile material used for box covers. - Plastic Boxes and Containers Multiple types of plastic boxes and containers are used in all industries. For example, in the food industry there are plastic containers for goods like ketchup, yogurt, milk and juices. Plastic boxes are mainly used for transporting goods and are reusable. They can be stacked, folded when empty to save storage space and recycled.

 Packaging Systems
Packaging companies offer different types of systems that can be divided into two categories: special solutions and packaging machines. The special solutions are used for valuable products that don't have a regular, simple shape. For example, parts of airplanes or expensive decorative glass objects need special solutions to be packed. The goods fit perfectly into the packaging and are protected against damages. Packaging machines are used for wrapping (wrapping the stretch film on the pallet), strapping (applying and sealing straps on boxes), sealing (with tape for boxes and with heat for films) and shrink wrapping (applying PVC or polyolefin film on products or boxes). There are also machines that inflate film, paper and instant foam.

Other Types Adhesive tapes are also considered packaging materials, as they help seal boxes. They are usually made out of PE or PP film that has acrylic or solvent glue applied to it and that can be printed on. Strapping tapes are usually applied on boxes or pallets. They are made out of PE or PP and can be printed with one color. The standard colors are black and clear for PP and green for PE.

DIFFERENT MATERIALS USED

CARTRIDGE PAPER - is used for general drawing. It is often good quality and generally 100 to 135g in thickness. This paper is used for design and technology projects and will take colour from pencils and felt pens without too much leaking to the opposite side of the paper.

CARDBOARD - is thicker than paper as it is made up of a number of layers, glue or laminated together. The diagram opposite shows a net / development of a package. It can be folded to produce a carton.

DUPLEX BOARD - This is used for containers and can contain liquids as it may have a waterproof liner on the inside. It can have a wax feel. This type of card is used by the food industry and consequently recycled card is not used in its manufacture. SOLID WHITE BOARD - This is normally top quality cardboard made from quality bleached wood pulp. It is the best card for printing on to and consequently it is used for hard backed books and more expensive items. CORRUGATED BOARD - This type of board is often used for packaging large electrical items. These large boxes (often brown in colour) protect the contents from damage. Corrugated board is strong because it is composed of a top and bottom layer and in between there is a triangulated section. A triangular section is very strong compared to its weight.

FOIL LINED BOARD - is good quality cardboard with a aluminium foil lining. This type of container is ideal for ready made meals or take away meals. The foil retains the heat and helps keep the food warm.

TRACING PAPER -Is used pupils, students and designers. It allows the designer to copy an existing drawing / shape. Tracing paper can be useful when there is a need to produce several drawings that are based on the same outline. Also, tracing paper makes it possible to place one design on top of another to produce a second layer. The original design can be seen under the second drawing.

GLASS CONTAINERS - Glass jars and bottles are very popular for packaging foods. They protect food from moisture, pests, and micro organism. These are very useful as they can be processed under heat, reusable, recyclable, rigid, can be stored and are transparent to display its contents or the food inside. Along with different advantages it has certain disadvantages too. They are heavier and for this require higher transport costs. They can be easily broken, especially, when transporting through rough roads. These are mainly used for packing foods like different preservatives such as jams, jellies, juices, pickles, beer, wine, etc.

PLASTIC - is a versatile foodpackaging material. Often in the form of custom bags, plastic is used for bread, frozen goods, snack foods and resealables

ALUMINUM is common, easy to manufacture, inexpensive and environmentally friendly because it's made of recycled materials and can again be recycled. Aluminum food containers can store food safely for extended periods. It is perfect for storing canned goods, potted meats and fish, as an inner liner for bags, or even as covers for foods stored in plastic trays.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PACKAGING

Food and drink products are packaged and sold in glass, plastic, aluminum and paper. Each of these materials has advantages and disadvantages for the consumer and the manufacturer. Safety Packaging food makes it safer and less vulnerable to contamination. Though the Food and Drug Administration has expressed concern about the safe use of recycled packaging, it is generally considered to be safe. Shelf Life Food lasts longer and stays fresh longer when it's packaged successfully. Unpackaged food can quickly become dry, moldy or spoiled. Waste Food packaging accounts for a large amount of all waste in the United States. Though some packaging is recyclable, it's difficult to improve the efficiency of most packaging. Cost Packaging accounts for a percentage of all food manufacturers' costs, and that is factored into the final price of each food product for the consumer. Convenience Single-serving packages and packaged perishable items are convenient because consumers don't have to wrap them up or put them in containers before storing them.

LABELING

Labeling is an important process in the food processing chain and should not be overlooked. The label is the first point of contact between a consumer and the producer. It is used to identify one product from another and also to make a decision over which product to purchase. The label is therefore the most important marketing tool for a product. It should be attractive and eye catching while at the same time being informative. A dirty, confused, untidy label will not help to sell a product.

 The objective of foodstuff labeling is to guarantee that

consumers have access to complete information on the content and composition of products, in order to protect their health and their interests. Other information may provide details on a particular aspect of the product, such as its origin or production method. Some foodstuffs, such as genetically modified organisms, allergenic foods, foods intended for infants or even various beverages, are also subject to specific regulations.
Labeling of certain non-food products must also contain

particular information, in order to guarantee their safe use and allow consumers to exercise real choice. In addition, the packaging of foodstuffs must adhere to production criteria in order to avoid contaminating food products.

THE PURPOSE OF A LABEL

To provide consumers with information on the product
To advertise the product To distinguish the product from that of competitors

(establish a brand) It is a legal requirement

IMPORTANT POINTS TO CONSIDER IN LABELING

The design of a label and the quality of the paper or other materials

that are used is of critical importance in promoting the product. In general a simple, uncluttered image on the label is better than a complex design. The brand name or the name of the company should stand out clearly and if pictures are used, they should be an accurate representation of the product or its main raw material. Color can be used to produce either a realistic picture (full color printing) or blocks of one or two bold colors to emphasize a particular feature. Care is needed when choosing colors as they are culturally very significant and have a direct effect on peoples perceptions of the product. For example, in many societies white is associated with death, whereas in others, it is red or black. In some areas, browns, ochre and greens are associated with nature or natural unprocessed products, with an image of health and good quality. In others, bright oranges and yellows can either mean excitement or cheap, low quality products.

In view of the importance of labels, producers should pay the highest price that they can afford to obtain the best possible quality. Professional designers or graphic artists may be located at universities, art schools or in commercial agencies and these should be employed to produce a range of ideas. These can then be discussed with the Bureau of Standards and then a printer to obtain quotations before a final decision is made. Most printers require a print run of several thousand labels and great care should be taken to check the design for errors before printing, as these would be very costly and time consuming to correct during production.

THANK YOU!