Rfid

AI HOC QUO CGIA TP HO CH MINH
TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA

KHOA IE N- IEN T
B O MO NVIEN THO N G
------------o0o------------
L U AN VA NT OT NGHIE P
N GDUNG C O NG NG H E RFID V A O
HE THO N GQ U A NL Y N HA NS
GVHD: ThS. NGUYEN CH NG OC

SVTH: NGUYEN NH THA N H
MSSV: 40502604
Tp.Ho Ch Minh 1/2010
NHA NX E TA N HGIA (Ng ip h a nbie n )

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NHA NX E TA N HGIA (GVHD)

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TR NGA IH OC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM CONG H OA X A HOI CH U NGHA VIET NAM
KHOA IE N IE NT
o cla p T do Hanh phuc

-----------------------------Nga y
Thang Nam
.
PHIE UC H A MB A OVE LU A NVA N

(Da n hcho ngiphanbien)
1. H o va tensinh vien:NGUY ENNH THANH
MSSV: 40502604
Nga n h: ient - Vienthong
2. eta i: n gd u n g co n gnghe RFID va ohe thongqua nly nhan s
3. H o va tenngihngdan: ............................................................... ..........
4. Tong quatvebanthuyetminh
S o trang
......................
S o chng
......................
S o b a n gso lieu
......................
S o hnh v e
......................
S o ta ilieu tham khao
......................
Phanmem tnh toan
......................
H ienvat(sa npham)
......................
5. Tong quatveca cba n gv e
- S o b a nve :
.............. b a nA1
............. b a nA2
.............. khokhac
- S o b a nv e tay: ..............
S o b a nv e tren m aytnh:
.............
6. Nhngu iem chnh cu aLVTN:
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7. N h n gth ieu so tchnh c u aLVTN:
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8. e ngh: c ba ov e
Bo sung them ebaove
K hongc baove
9. Ba ca uh o isinh vien phaitra l itr ch o i ong:
a) ............................... ................................................................................................ ........
............................... ................................................................................................ ........
b) ............................... ................................................................................................ .......
c) ............................... ................................................................................................ ........
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10. anh g ia chung (bangch:g io i, k h a ,T B
) ..
iem
/10
K y ten
(ghi ro ho ten)
TR NGA IH OC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM CONG H OA X A HOI CH U NGHA VIET NAM
KHOA IE N IE NT
oclap T do Hanh phuc

-----------------------------Nga y
Thang Na m
PHIE UC H A MB A OVE LU A NVA N

(Da n hcho CBHD)
1. H o va tensinh vien:NGUY ENNH THANH
MSSV: 40502604
Nga n h: ient - Vienthong
2. eta i: n gd u n g co n gnghe RFID va ohe thongqua nly nhan s
3. H o va tenngihngdan: ............................................................... .............
4. Tong quatvebanthuyetminh
S o trang
......................
S o chng
......................
S o b a n gso lieu
......................
S o hnh v e
......................
S o ta ilieu tham khao
......................
Phanmem tnh toan
......................
H ienvat(sa npham)
......................
5. Tong quatveca cba n gv e
- S o b a nve :
.............. b a nA1
............. b a nA2
.............. khokhac
- S o b a nv e tay: ..............
S o b a nv e tren m aytnh: .............
6. Nhngu iem chnh cu aLVTN:
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7. N h n gth ieu so tchnh c u aLVTN:
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8. e ngh: c ba ov e
Bo sung them ebaove
K hongc baove
9. Ba ca uh o isinh vien phaitra l itr ch o i ong:
a) ............................... ................................................................................................ .......
b) ............................... ................................................................................................ .......
c) ............................... ................................................................................................ ......
10. anh g ia chung (bangch:g io i, k h a ,T B
) iem
.
/10
K y ten
(ghi ro ho ten)
A IHOC QU OC GIA Tp.HCM

CONG H OA XA H OI CH U NGHA VIET NAM
TR NGA IH OC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM
oc lap T do Hanh p h uc
-----------So:
-----------------------
/BKNT
KHOA: IEN IEN T

B O M ON VIEN THONG
N H IE MV U LUA
VN A NT O TNGHI E P
HO V A TE N : NGUYE NNH THA N H

NGA NH: IE NT VIE NTH O N G
MSSV: 40502604
1. a u eluanvan: N GD U N G C O N GNGH E RFID

V A OHE TH O N GQ UA NLY NHA NS
2. Nhiem vu (yeu ca u n o idung v a so lieu ban au) :
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3. Nga ygiao nhiem vu luan va n :
/
/ 2009
4. Nga yhoanthanhluan van:
/
/ 2010
5. H o va tenngihngdan:
Phanhngdan:
Th.S NGUYE NCH NGO C
N o idung va y e u ca ulua n vana c thongqua b o m onVien Thong
Nga y
Thang
Nam 2010
CHU NHIE MBO M O N

(Ky v a ghi r o ho te n)
NG H
I
NG DA NCHNH
(Ky v a ghi r o ho te n)
PHA NDANH CHO KHOA, BO MO N

Ngiduyet (cha m s bo): ................................ ......
n v: ............................... ................................. ....
Nga y b a o v e: ............................... ...........................
iem tong ke
t: ............................... .........................
Ni lu tr luanvan: ...............................................
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LI CM N
Em xin g i en thay g iao - Th.s Nguyen Ch Ngoc l ica m n sa usa c, cha nthanh
nhatv s tan tam, hngdan chu aova tao m oi ieu kien thuan li e em hoan
th a n hto t eta iluanva n nay.
ongthiem cungxin cha n thanhca m n Tr ng a i hoc Bach Khoa, Khoa ien
- ie n t ,ca c th a y c o trong Bo m on V ien Th ong a truyen at nh n g kien th c
q u y b a utrong suotnhngnam qua v a tao ieukien to tn ha tcho em trong th igian
thc hienluanvanna y .
Nha n dp nay,em cungxin g i enca canh ch, ca c ban trong khoa ien- ie n t
a g iu p ,ongvien,tao ieukiencho em hoanthanhluanva n to tnghiepna y.
Tuy nhien, trong qu a trnh thc hien e ta ilu a n v an cu amnh, em chac cha n se
khongtranhkhoinhngsai la m v a thie u so t,knh mong ca cthayco thong ca m ,c h
b a othem.
Xin tran trong ca m n!
Sinh vienthc hien
Nguyn nh Thanh
Tp.H Ch Minh 1/2010
ii
T O MTA TLU A NVA N

Y EU CA ULUA NVA N
Tm hieu congngheRFID.
Truyen nhand lie u g i areader v a th e qua PC.
V ietchng trnh He thongquanl y nhans.
CO N GVIE CA THC HIE N

Hoa nthanhchng trnh o c v a ghi thongtin v a oth e h o at o ng o n
n h , chnh xac.
Chng trnh He thong quanlyn h a n s hoat ongto t, tuy nhien e a v a o n g
dung thc te m o t ca c h rong ra i v a a dang ca n cai tien them m ot so hang muc lien
quan khac.
T O MTA TNO DUNG

I
B A OCA O
Ph an1. Tm hieu co n gnghe nhandang vo tuyen - RFID
Phannaytrnh b a ytong quan v e ly thuyetv a i sa u tm hieu chi tie tca cthanhpha n
lien quan encongngheRFID va ca cngdung c u an o trong thc te.
Ph an2. Thie tke va thi co n g
Trnh b a yv e s o khoi,gia ithuat,chng trnh v ak e tq u athi cong.
iii
MU C LU C
Trang ba ............................... ................................................................ ................................ i
N hiem vu luan van ............................................................................................... .................
L ica m n ............................... ................................................................ ............................ ii
To m ta t............................... ................................................................ ................................. iii
Muc luc ............................... ................................................................ ................................ iv
Danh sach hnh v e ............................................................................................... ................ v
Danh sach bangbieu ............................................................................................... ........... vi
Danh sach ca ct viet ta t............................................................................................... .... vii
PHA N1
TM HI E UCO NG NGH E NHAN DANGV O TUYE N- RFID

----------------------Chng 1. T O NG QUAN V E CO N GNGHE RFID
1.1. S lc ve ca ch eth on g nha n dang t ong ...................................................... 1
1.1.1. H ethongm avach (Barcode system) ............................................................... ...... 1
1.1.2. Nha n dang k y t quang hoc (Optical character recognition - OCR) ...................... 1
1.1.3. Phng th csinh tra choc (Biometric procedures) ............................... ................. 2
1.1.4. Th e thongminh (Smart Cards)............................................................... ................ 2
1.1.5. H ethongRFID (RFID System)............................................................... ............... 4
1.2. G iithieu chung v e nhandang vo tu ye n RFID ............................... ............................. 5
1.2.1. Lch s phat
trien cuahe thongRFID ............................................................... .... 5

1.2.2. Kha iniem RFID............................................................................................... ...... 8
1.2.3. So sa n hca chethon g ID kha cnhau ............................................................... ........ 8
1.3. Ca cthanhpha n cuam othe tho n g RFID ............................................................... ....... 9
1.3.1. Th e RFID ............................................................................................... .............. 10
iv
1.3.2. Reader ............................... ................................................................ ................... 17

1.3.3. Database............................... ................................................................ ................ 25
1.4. Giao th cth eRFID ............................................................................................... ...... 25
1.4.1. Thuat n g v a kha iniem ............................................................... ........................ 25
1.4.2. Phng th clu tr d lieu tren the............................................................... ..... 27
1.4.3. Th u tuc SINGULATION v a ANTI-COLLISION ............................... .................. 28
1.5. ie u le v a chua n ho a............................................................................................... ... 33
1.6. Mot so tie uch u a nxa y dng cho congngheRFID ............................... ...................... 33
1.7. Ta n so vo tu ye n h oa t o n g cu RFID
a
............................................................... .......... 34
1.8. Ca cngdung RFID hienhanh............................................................... .................... 35
1.8.1. RFID trong viecx phat............................................................... ........................ 36
1.8.2. RFID trong an ninh quo c gia ............................................................... ................. 36
1.8.3. Trong he thongvien thong................................................................................... 37
1.8.4. n gdung trong q u a nly th vien............................................................... .......... 37
1.8.5. n gdung trong q u a nly b a nha ng............................................................... ......... 38
1.8.6. Nha n dang ongva t............................................................... .............................. 39
1.8.7. Cay ghepva ocon ngi............................................................... ....................... 39
1.8.8. Tnh ph trong giao thong............................................................... ...................... 40
1.9. u, nhc iem cuahethongRFID ............................................................... ............ 40
1.9.1. u iem............................................................................................... ................. 40
1.9.2. Nhc iem............................................................................................... ........... 41
1.10. Phng th clamvieccu aRFID ............................................................... ............... 42
Chng 2. CAC HE THO N GRFID C BA N

2.1. H ethong1 bit ............................................................................................... .............. 46
2.1.1. Tan so v o tuyen............................................................................................... ..... 46
2.1.2. Songviba............................... ................................................................ ............... 48
iv
2.1.3. Bo chia ta nso............................................................................................... ........ 50

2.1.4. Transponder tr ng ient ............................................................... .................. 51
2.2. H ethongsong c o n gv a ba nsong cong............................................................... ........ 53
2.2.1. G hepcam n g............................................................................................... ....... 54
2.2.2. G hepient ta nxa lu i............................................................... ......................... 57
2.2.3. Ghepga n ............................... ................................................................ ............... 59
2.2.4. Ghepien............................................................................................... .............. 61
2.2.5. Truyen d lieu t reader entransponder ............................... ............................ 62
2.3. H etho n gtuant ............................................................................................... ......... 62
2.3.1. G hepcam n g............................................................................................... ....... 62
Chng 3. CA UTRU CCU ATHIET B MANG D LIE U

3.1. Transponder c o b o n h ............................................................... ................................ 66
3.1.1. Giao tiepHF............................................................................................... .......... 67
3.1.2. Address and security logic ............................................................... .................... 68
3.1.3. Cau tru cb o n h ............................................................................................... ..... 69
3.2. Bo vi x ly ............................... ................................................................ ................... 74
3.2.1. Th e c o hai giao tiep ............................................................... .............................. 76
3.3. Bo n h ............................... ................................................................ .......................... 77
3.4. o lngca cb ie n v a tly ............................................................... ............................. 77
3.4.1. Transponder c o ca m bien............................................................... ...................... 77
Chng 4. CA UTRU CCU AREADER

4.1. Luong d lieu trong n gdung............................................................... ...................... 79
4.2. Ca cthanhphancu areader ............................................................... .......................... 80
4.2.1. Mach HF ............................... ................................................................ ............... 81
4.2.2. n v ieukhie n............................................................................................... .. 84
4.3. K etnoiantenna trong heth o nglien ketca m n g............................... ...................... 86
iv
4.3.1. K e tn o is dung dongienphoihp............................................................... ..... 86

4.3.2. Cung ca p thongqua ca p............................................................... ........................ 87
4.3.3. A nhhngcuaheso Q............................................................... ......................... 88
Chng 5. MA HOA VA IE UCHE D LIE U

5.1. Ca clo ai m abieudien tn hieunh phan..................................................................... 89
5.2. Ca ck y thuatieu che so ............................................................... ............................. 91
5.2.1. ieucheASK ............................................................................................... ....... 91
5.2.2. ieuche2FSK ............................................................................................... ...... 92
5.2.3. ieuchePSK............................................................................................... ........ 92
5.2.4. ieuchevisongmang phu ............................................................... ................ 93
Chng 6. S CHNH XA CCUA D LIE U

6.1. Phng phapkiem tra lo i............................................................... ............................. 95
6.1.1. Kiemtra chanle ............................................................................................... ... 95
6.1.2. Phng phapLRC ................................................................................................ 95
6.1.3. Phng phapCRC ................................................................................................ 96
6.2. a truy ca p ,chongxung o td lie u ............................................................... ............ 97
6.2.1. SDMA ............................... ................................................................ ................... 98
6.2.2. FDMA ............................... ................................................................ ................... 99
6.2.3. TDMA ............................... ................................................................ ................... 99
PHA N2
TH IE TKE VA THI CO N G
----------------------Chng 1. T O NG QUAN V E HE THONG
1.1. G iithieu............................... ................................................................ ................... 105
iv
1.1.1. G i ithieu eta i............................................................................................... .. 105

1.1.2. Y euca u e ta i............................................................................................... ..... 105
1.1.3. N oidung c u a e ta i............................................................... ............................. 106
1.2. Y euca uh e thong............................................................................................... ....... 106
1.2.1. Nhu ca uh e thong............................................................................................... 106
1.2.2. Qua nly d a n............................................................................................... ...... 106
1.3. Tong quan v e s o k h o ciu ah ethong............................................................... ...... 107
1.3.1. Ca cth o n gso cu aReader (DL910)............................................................... ...... 107
1.3.2. Ca cth o n gso cu ath e ............................................................... ........................... 108
1.4. K etquao ac th c te viec oc th e............................................................... .......... 115
Chng 2. PHA NTCH HE THO NG

2.1. Kha ox a chientrang............................................................................................... ... 117
2.1.1. G iithieu chung ............................................................................................... .. 117
2.1.2. Ca cv an ea tra cho h eth o n gm i............................................................... ... 117
2.1.3. Pham vi nghien c u............................................................... ............................. 118
2.1.4. G ii hanhe thong.............................................................................................. 118
2.1.5. Ca cchc nangc ua h etho n gm i............................................................... ........ 118
2.2. Thiet kes o ............................................................................................... ............ 119
2.2.1. S o chcnang ................................................................................................ 119
2.2.2. S o n g canh............................................................................................... .... 120
2.2.3. S o luongd lieu ............................................................... ............................. 120
2.2.4. Mo hnh c s d lieu............................................................... .......................... 121
Chng 3. CHNG TRNH VA KET QU A THI C ONG

3.1. Muc Quanl y h etho n g.............................................................................................. 123
3.1.1. Lu o giaithuat................................................................................................ 123
3.1.2. K etquathi cong............................................................................................... .. 123
iv
3.2. Giao dienchng trnh chnh ............................................................... ..................... 125

3.3. Mc oc, ghi th e............................................................................................... ........ 125
3.3.1. Lu o giaithuat............................................................................................... 125
3.3.2. K etquathi cong............................................................................................... .. 126
3.4. Muc cham cong............................................................................................... .......... 127
3.4.1. Lu o giaithuat................................................................................................ 127
3.4.2 K etquathi cong............................................................................................... ... 127
3.4. Ca cDanh muc kha c............................................................................................... ... 128
Chng 4. T O NG KET VA A N HGIA

4.1. anh g ia............................... ................................................................ ..................... 129
4.2. Han che............................... ................................................................ ...................... 129
4.3. Hngpha ttrien e ta i............................................................... .............................. 129
TA LIE
I
UTHAM KHA O................................................................................ 130
iv
DANH SA C HHNH VE
PHA N1
TM HIE UCO NG NGH E NHAN DANGV O TUYE N RFID

Hnh 1.1. Ma vach ............................................................................................... ................. 1
Hnh 1.2. Ky t quang hoc ............................................................................................... ..... 2
Hnh 1.3. Kie ntru ctie ub ie uc u ath e b o nh c o logic b a oma t............................................ 3
Hnh 1.4. Kie ntru cc ba ncu amo tth e vi x ly ............................................................... .... 3
Hnh 1.5. He tho n gRFID ............................................................................................... ...... 4
Hnh 1.6. Lch s pha ttrie nRFID giai oan 1880-1960 ...................................................... 5
Hnh 1.9. He tho n gRFID toandien............................................................... ..................... 10
Hnh 1.10. Layout c u athie tb mang d lie u ,transponder. Hnh b e ntra itransponder ghe p ca m
ng v iantenna cuo n day, hnh b e npha itransponder viba v iantenna dipole ................. 10
Hnh 1.11.Ca utru cc u amo tth e thu ong............................................................... ........... 11
Hnh 1.12. M o tso lo a i th e tch cc ............................................................... ..................... 14
Hnh 1.13. Ca utru cc u amo tth e b a ntch cc ............................................................... ..... 15
Hnh 1.14. Ca utru clayout c ba ncu am o treader............................................................. 18
Hnh 1.15. C che truyen trng gan, tr n gxa gi ath e v a reader ............................... 22
Hnh 1.16. C che truyen modulated backscatter c u athe thu o n g.................................... 24
Hnh 1.17. C che truyen modulated backscatter cu ath e b a nth u ong ............................. 24
Hnh 1.18. C che truyen kie um a ypha tc u ath e tch cc .................................................. 24
Hnh 1.19. Layout bo nh cu am o tth e minh ho a ............................................................... . 27
Hnh 1.20. S o caynh pha n............................................................... ............................ . 31
v
Hnh 1.21. n gdung con g ngh e RFID v a oth v ie n........................................................... 38

Hnh 1.22. n gdung con g ngh e RFID trong sie uth ......................................................... 39
Hnh 1.23. n gdung con g ngh e RFID vaocayghep........................................................ 40
Hnh 1.24. Qua trnh la mvie cc u ath e v a reader ............................................................... 43
Hnh 1.25. Qua trnh truye nnha nd lie ugi athe v a reader............................................. 44

Hnh 2.1. Ca che tho n gRFID kha cnhau ............................................................... ............. 45
Hnh 2.2. Giithie uhoat ong cuah e thong EAS ta nso v o tuyen..................................... 47
Hnh 2.3. Antenna khung c u ah e thong RF (cao 1,2 - 1,6m) v a transponder ....................... 48
Hnh 2.4. Mach c ba nv a hnh dang cu th e c u atransponder viba ..................................... 49
Hnh 2.5. Transponder viba nam trong vung truy v a nc u adetector .................................... 49
Hnh 2.6. S o mach ie nva hoat ong cu aEAS s dung bo chia ta nso ......................... 50
Hnh 2.7. Antenna c u ah e thong RFID ie nt (cao 1.40 m) v a transponder ...................... 52
Hnh 2.8. Truyen d lie utrong h e thong song cong, b a nsong cong va tu an t ................. .53
Hnh 2.9. Nang lng cung ca pcho transponder tho n gqua t tr ng pha tra cu areader. 54
Hnh 2.10. Truyend lie ubang load modulation t transponder e nreader ..................... 55
Hnh 2.11. Pho cuaieuchesong mang phu............................................................... ....... 56
Hnh 2.12. S o mach cuatransponder ha iphu ............................................................... . 57
Hnh 2.13. Hoa t ong cu atransponder ta nx a lu i.............................................................. 59
Hnh 2.14. Transponder ghe p ga nc a v ao trong reader ........................................... 60
Hnh 2.15. He tho n gghep iens dung ie ntrng e truyennang lng v a d lieu....... 61
Hnh 2.16. S o mach tng ng c u ah e thong RFID ghep ien................................... 62
Hnh 2.17. S o kho ic ua transponder tua nt s dun g ghe p cam ng .............................. 64
Hnh 2.18. S o ie na pc u atu nap ............................................................... ................... 64

Hnh 3.1. S o pha nloai ca cthie tb mang d lieu dung trong RFID ............................... 66
Hnh 3.2. S o kho ic u atranpsonder c o bo nh ............................................................... . 67
Hnh 3.3. S o kho i cu a mo t mach HF c u a transponder lie n k e t ca m ng v i bo load

modulator ............................................................................................... ............................ 67
Hnh 3.4. S o kho icu aAddress and Security logic.......................................................... 68
Hnh 3.5. S o kho icu amo ttransponder c h oc ............................................................. 69
Hnh 3.6. S o kho i c u amo ttransponder ghi c coch c nang ba o ma t eth c h ie nxa c
nha n gi atransponder va reader ............................................................... ........................ 71
Hnh 3.7. Transponder co 2 bo nh khoa e capquyen truy xua tkh a cnhau .........................
Hnh 3.8. M o ttransponder c o th e dun g cho nhie u ng dung bang cachpha n oan bo nh c u a
n o ............................................................................................................................... ........ 72
Hnh 3.9. S khac nhau giasegment c o n h v a segment t do ......................................... 74
Hnh 3.10. S o kho ic ua m o ttransponder c o dung bo vi x l y ........................................ 74
Hnh 3.11. Qua trnh x ly lenh trong h e ie uhanh th e tho n gminh .................................. 75
Hnh 3.12. S o kho ic ua m o tth e hai giao tie p............................................................... .. 76
Hnh 3.13. Transponder lie nk e tc a m n gc o th e mc a mbie nnhieto ................................ 78

Hnh 4.1. Nguyen ly Master-Slave giapha nmem, reader v a tranpsonder........................ 79
Hnh 4.2. S o kho i c ua mo treader go m cohethong ieu khienvamach HF. Toa n bo h e
thong c ieu khien
bang nhng lenh............................................................... .............. 81
Hnh 4.3. S o kho imach HF c u ah e thong RFID lie nke tc a m n g................................. 82
Hnh 4.4. S o kho icu amo tmach HF trong h e thong viba .............................................. 83
Hnh 4.5. Hoa t ong cu am o tb o directional coupler v ih e tho n gRFID ta nxa lu i........... 83
Hnh 4.6. S o kho iHF c u areader trong h e thong SEQ ................................................... 84
Hnh 4.7. S o kho in v ie ukhie ncu areader ............................................................. 85
Hnh 4.8. Qua trnh ma hoa va g ia ima tn hieuban g n v ieukhiencu areader .......... 85
Hnh 4.9. Ke tno icuo nda yantenna bang k y thuat 50 .................................................... .87
Hnh 4.10. Mach ie npho ih p tr kha n gcho cuo n da yantenna....................................... 87
Chng 5. MA HO A VA IE UCHE D LIE U
Hnh 5.1. S o kho ih e thong vienthong so ............................................................... ....... 89

Hnh 5.2. Ca cloa i ma n gtruyentrong h e thong RFID................................................. 90
Hnh 5.3. Ma Pulse-pause ............................................................................................... ... 91
Hnh 5.4. ie uche ASK............................................................................................... ....... 92
Hnh 5.5. ie uche FSK............................................................................................... ....... 92
Hnh 5.6. ie uche PSK............................................................................................... ....... 93
Hnh 5.7. S o ie uche g h e pk e n hv ikie uie uche ASK songmang phu ...................... .93
Hnh 5.8. Pho cu atn hieuieuchesong mang phu................................ .......................... . 94

Hnh 6.1. Kiem tra LRC............................................................................................... ....... 95
Hnh 6.2. Truye nd lie uennhieuth e ............................................................... ............... 97
Hnh 6.3. Nha nd lie ut nhieuthe............................................................... .................... 97
Hnh 6.4. Ca cphng phap tranhxung o td lie u............................................................ 98
Hnh 6.5. SDMA, anten nh h n gc h la nl t enca ctransponder ................................ 98
Hnh 6.6. FMDA, vaikenh truyenv ic a cta ns o k ha c nhau dung cho viec truyend lie ugi a
transponder v a reader ............................................................................................... ......... 99
Hnh 6.7. Ca cphng pha p ie ukhienreader ............................................................... .. 100
Hnh 6.8. Ma NRZ ............................................................................................... ............. 101
Hnh 6.9. Ma hoa NRZ kho n gth e p ha thie ns xung o t d lie ugi aca ctransponder... 101
Hnh 6.10. M a Manchester .............................................................................................. . 102
Hnh 6.11. M a hoa Manchester giuppha thienbit xung o t............................................. 102
Hnh 6.12. Qua trnh tm kie m transponder hp l e ........................................................... 103
Hnh 6.13. So la nthc hientrung bnh e x a cnh a ch transponder .......................... 104
PHA N2
-----------------------
Chng 1. T O NG QUAN V E HE THONG

Hnh 1.1. Reader (DL910) ............................................................................................... . 107
Hnh 1.2. S o kho ic u ath e SL3 ICS10 ............................................................... ............ 111
Hnh 1.3. Mo hnh thc te kha osa t............................................................... ................... 116

Hnh 2.1. S o chc nang............................................................................................... . 119
Hnh 2.2. S o ng canh ............................................................................................... .. 120
Hnh 2.3. S o luo n gd lie u............................................................... ............................ 121

Hnh 3.1. Lu o gia ithua tqua nl y h e thong ............................................................... .... 123
Hnh 3.2. Giao die nang nha phe thong ............................................................... ........... 124
Hnh 3.3. Giao die nchng trnh chnh............................................................... ............. 125
Hnh 3.4. Lu o gia ithua tmuc oc ghi ............................................................... .......... 126
Hnh 3.5. Giao die noc ghi............................................................... .............................. 126
Hnh 3.6. Lu o gia ithua tmuc Chamcong............................................................... ..... 127
Hnh 3.7. Giao die nC ham cong ............................................................... ........................ 128
DANH SA C HBA NG BIE U

PHA N1

Bang 1.1: So sa n hm o tso he thongnhandang............................................................... ..... 9
Bang 1.2: Tan so hoat ong cuaRFID ............................................................... ............... 35

Bang 2.1: Ca ctham so he thongcho ca chetho ngRF ............................... ....................... 48
Bang 2.2: D a ita nso c ua ca chetho ngb aom atkh a cnhau............................... ................ 48
Bang 2.3: Ca cth o n gso c ba ncuahethong............................................................... ..... 50
Bang 2.4: Suy hao ng truyen trong khonggian t do n gv in h n gta n so khacnhau ( o
l i cu aantenna transponder l a 1,64, cu aantenna reader la 1) ............................... ........... 58

Bang 4.1: V d u ve qu atrnh thc thi m otlenhoc biphanm em ,reader v a transponder .
............................... ................................................................................................ ............ 80
PHA N2
Bang 1.1: K e hoach thc hienv a pha n congnhiem vu............................... .................... 106
Bang 1.2: Ca cthongso c ba ncu aReader (DL910) ............................... ....................... 107
vi
Bang 1.3: Ca cthongso ve oc ghi cu aReader (DL910) ............................... ................. 107

Bang 1.4: C o n gh o tr cuaReader (DL910)............................................................... ..... 108
Bang 1.5: Ca cthongso v e ie ncu aReader (DL910)............................... ...................... 108
Bang 1.6: Kch thcReader (DL910) ............................................................... ............. 108
Bang 1.7: Ma ketnoi,ngatketnoi,oc ghi th e .............................................................. 108
Bang 1.8: Tan so hoat ongtheo chuancu ath eSL3 ICS10 ............................... ............ 111
Bang 1.9: K hoangcach hoat ongcuatheUCODE HSL trong ca cbang tanso ............ 113
Bang 1.10: K et qua o ac thc te ta m o thang g o c cc ai c u a Reader
(UHF_R_G2_232_2A) v ihai loai the thu ong (SL3 ICS10 v a SL3 ICS30 chua n UCODE
EPC GEN2) di chuyenv ivantocc c ai............................................................... ....... 116

Bang 2.1: Mo hnh c s d lie u ............................................................... ....................... 122
vi
DANH SA C HCAC T VIET TA T

Bd (Baud bit/s): To c o truyen
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): a truy ca p phanchia m a tm a
EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance): Thiet b giam sa tient
EEPROM (Electric Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory): Kieu EPROM co th e
xoabang tn hieuie n
ERP (Equivalen Radiated Power):
FDMA(Frequency Domain Multiple Access):
FDX (Full-Duplex): Song cong
FSK (Frequency Shift Keying): ieuchedch tan so
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication/Groupe Special Mobile): H e thong truyen
thongdi ongtoanca u
HDX (Half-Duplex): Ba nsong cong
HSL (High Frequency Smart Label): H ethongghi nhanthongminh dung t a n so cao
ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical (frequency range)): N gngtan so c ngdung trong y
khoa
ISO (International Organization for Standardization): To chcISO
LAN (Local Area Network): Mang ketn oi c u c bo
NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero): Khongtr v e 0
OCR (Optical Character Recognition): Nhandang k y t quang hoc
PC (Personal Computer): May tnh c a nha n
RFID(Radio Frequency Identification): K y thuatnhandang bangv o tuyen
RO (Read Only): C hoc RW
(Read Write): oc ghi SAW
(Surface Acoustic Wave):
SDMA(Space Division Multiple Access):
vii
SEQ (Sequential System): H eth on gtu an t

STAC (Slotted Terminal Adaptive Collection):
TDMA(Time Domain Multiple Access): a truy ca p theo mien thigian
UHF (Ultra High Frequency): Tan so sieu cao (300MHz 3GHz)
UPC (Universal Product Code): Ma sa npha m chuan toanca u
WORM (Write Once, Read Many): ghi m otlan,oc nhieulan
vii
Lua nva n to tnghie p : n gdung cong nghe RFID v a oh e thong quan ly nhan s
PHA N1

1.1. S lc v e cac he thong nha ndang t ong
1.1.1. He thong ma vach (Barcode system)
Ma vach la hnh gom nhieu soc ng,rong va hep c in e ai dien cho cac
m a so didang mayco theoc c.
Ca cm asoc ph uh p v i tieu chua n Universal Product Code (UPC) c in tre n
hau het ca c sa n pham hang hoa bayban trong ca c sieu th hien nay. Khi hnh m a so c
c keoltqua m otdung cu quetquang hoc quaykiem tra thu tien, m a ytnh se o i
chieu so hieu sa n ph am v ic s d lieu cac danh sach gia vain ra gia tien u n gv i
m a o .
Hnh 1.1. Ma vach

1.1.2. Nhandang k y t quang hoc (Optical character recognition - OCR)
Nha n dang k y t quang h o c la s ca m nhan bang m ayca c c h in v a ch anh
m ay.Bang phan m em OCR, ca c m ayque tc o th e quettren m ottrang c h in, v a cac k y
t s e c bienthanhcac va n b a ntheo qui cach ta ilieu cu achng trnh x l y t .
SVTH: Nguyen nh Tha n h
GVHD: Ths. Nguyen Ch Ngoc

-1-
Hnh 1.2. Ky t quang ho c

1.1.3. Phng th csinh tra choc (Biometric procedures)
Nhandang giong n o i(Voice identication)
La phng thcc thc hien bang cach kiem tra ca c ac trng cuagiong noi
c u an g in o iv im ot m autham k h a oc o trc, neu tng n gth a p n gse thc hien
theo yeucaucu anginoi.
N h a ndan g d a uva ntay (Fingerprinting procedures (dactyloscopy))
Tien trnh n a y da tren s so san h m au nhu va l p da tren au ngon tay. H e
thongse phan tch d lieu t ca c m a u n o oc c v a em so sa nh vim au tham khao
a c lu tr .
1.1.4. The thongminh (Smart Cards)
The thong minh la mot he thong lu tr d lieu ien t. No co kch thc

khoang bang the tn dung co the ch a thong tin v a trong hau h et ca c tr ng hp
th no ch a ca mo t bo vi x ly ieu khien nhieu chc nang a p ng nhu
ca ungi s dung. Kh ong giong nh the t co nh ng soc t ngoai m at th e, the th ong
minh gi thong tin ben trong no m a v th e an toan hn nhieu. The thong minh
thng c dung cho nhng thiet b ca nx ac minh chu quyen cua ngi s dung,
v a no tao ra nhng ma truy cap cho he thong baoan. The thong minh a u tien la
th e thong minh ie n thoai tr a trc c a v a os dung nam 1984.
C o 2 loai the thong minh c b a n kha c nhau da va o tnh nang ben trong
cua no : the nh va th e vi x ly .

-2-
Th e nh (Memory cards)
Trong the nh, bo nh - thng la EEPROM c truy ca p s dung

he thong logic tuan t , no cung co the c k et hp v i giai thua tb ao m at n gia n
bangcach s dung he thong nay. C ac chc nangcu athe n h thng c to iu h oa
cho mot ng dung cu the. Tnh linh hoat cua n o b gi han,
i
tuy nhien v e m at tch
cc th e bo nh co u the v e gia ca. Chnh v ly do o m a th e b o nh c dung rong
r ai.
Hnh 1.3. Kie ntru ctie ub ie uc u athe b o nh c o logic b a oma t

Th e vi x ly (Microprocessor cards)
Th e vi x ly c h a m o t b o vi x ly cn o i t ica co b o n h (RAM, ROM va
EEPROM). Th e vi x l y ra tlinh hoat. Trong he thon gth etho ngminh hien ai, n o cung
c o th e tch hp ca cngdung khacnhau trong m o tth e (a n gdung).
Hnh 1.4. Kie ntru cc ba nc u amo tth e vi x l y


-3-
ROM c lap trnh m atna tao ket hp thanhhe thonghoat ong(m a lap trnh
cao hn) cho b o vi x ly v a c chenvaotrong q u atrnh sa n xuatchip. N oidung c ua
n o c xa cla p trong q u a trnh sa n xuat, tng t cho ta t ca ca c chip khactrong cung
t sa npham,va chungkhongthela ptrnh lai c.
EEPROM cu a chip c h a d lieu ngdun g va ca c m a chng trnh lien quan t i
ngdung. V iec oc hay ghi d lieu c ieukhien b ih e ie u hanh.
RAM l a b o nhla m viec tam th icu abo vi x ly .D lieu cu an o c o the b m at
khi m atien.
Ca c loai thevi x l y c dungtrong ca c ngdung c o o b a omat. Cac loai the
thongminh c dungtrong ca c he thongien thoai di ongGSM. Tuy chon cuaviec
la ptrnh th e vi x ly cung thuantien cho viectao ra ca cngdung m i.
1.1.5. He thong RFID (RFID System)
H ethongRFID lien hera tganvithethongminh. Cungnh hetho n gth e thong
minh, d lieu c lu tr tren thiet b mang d lieu ien t la b o p h a t a p .Tuy nhien,
khonggiongnh the hong
t
minh, nang lng cung ca p cho thiet b mang d lieu v a cho
viec trao oid lieu gi a n o v a a u o c /p h a tn
t hieu khong da tren s tiep x u cien
m a thay va o la s dung t tnh v a trngient.
Hnh 1.5. He tho n gRFID

-4-
1.2. Gi ithieu chung v e nhan dang vo tuye nRFID

1.2.1. Lch s p h a ttrien cu ahe thongRFID
Ca c cong nghe ngaynay luon hng tis n gia n ,tien l i va ac trng luon
c u tien hangau la khanang khong day (wireless). Thiet b khong dayca n gng a y
ca n gphat trien rong rai la m cho con ngic giaiphong,t do v a th o a i m a i hn.
CongngheRFID ra i a tao ra cuoccach m ang trong m oitrng tng tachiennay.
RFID la m o t trong nhng k ythuat c anh gia cao va phattrien nhanh chong
trong khoangth i gian ngan. Lan au tien m otcong nghe tng t o la b o ta c h so n g
IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) c phat minh nam 1937 bingi Anh v a c
quan ong minh s dung trong The Ch ien lan th II e nhan dang m ay bay ta v a ch.
K y th u at n a y tr thanh nentang cho he thong kiem so a tkhong lu the gi iva o thap
nien 50. Nhng trong khoang thigian n a ydo chi ph q u acao v a kch thcq ualncu a
he thongnen chungch c s dung trong quan oi,phongnghien c uv a n h n gtrung
tam thng mai l n .
Hnh 1.6. Lch s pha ttrie nRFID giai oan 1880-1960

-5-
Hnh 1.7. Lch s pha ttrie nRFID giai oan 1960-1990

Cuoi thap nien 60 v a a u thap nien 70, b a t au xuat hien nhng cong ty g ii
thieu nhngngdung m icho RFID m akhong quaphctap v a attien. Ban au phat
trien nhng thiet bgiam sa t ie n t (Electronic Article Surveillance - EAS) e kiem
so a th an ghoacha n ghan nh quana ohay sach trong th vien.
K y thuat RFID ngay cang c nhieu ngibiet en trong nhngthap nien 60
v a 70, bataux uathiennhieu hn ngdung c ua k yth u a tn a ytrong nhieu m atcuacuoc
song.K y thuatnaycangc hoa nthien, t nhanbiettr thanhnhandang.
en nam 1973, Mario Cardullo (USA) chnh th ctr thanh ngiau tien hoan
thien congngheRFID.
V iec khaosa tt m k y thuat radio c em nghien cuva phattrien trong ca c
hoat ongthng mai cho en thap nien 1960 v a tien trien ro vaonhng nam 1970 b i
ca c congty, hoc vien va chnh p h u My .Chang han, Bo nang lng Los Alamos Nation
Laboratory a p h a ttrien h e th o ngtheo d o inguyen lieu hat nhan bang ca c h atth ev a o
xe ta iv a a tca creader tai ca c co n gcu ab o phan bao ve.a y la h e thong c s dung
ngaynay trong ca c h e thon g tra tien le ph t ong. K yth u a tn a yca itien so v ica c k y
thuattr cnh ca cm a vach tren hanghoav a ca cth e card vien c o tnh t .
RFID tien tien vao au nhng nam 80, co nhng ngdung ro ng ra i trong viec
kiem so a txe tai My hay anh dau angia su ctai Chau A uH. e th o n g RFID cungc

-6-
ng dungtrong viec nghien cuisong hoang d a ,cac th e RFID c gan vaotrong

nhngcon v a t, n h o c o th e la n theo da u vet cu a chu n g trong m oitrng hoang da.
en thap nien 90, khi m a ta n so UHF c s dung va the hien c nhngu iem
c u a mnh ve khoang ca c h va toc o truyen dlieu th cong nghe RFID a at c
nhngthanhtu rc r.
Hnh 1.8. Lch s pha ttrien RFID giai oan 1990-2009

Mac du nhngnguyen l y c b a n c u ak y th u a t RFID a to n tai t th iMarconi
nhng chungta ch m ib atau banen nhn gtiem n ang to l nc u an o t c u o ith e k y
20. N hng nam au c ua th e k y 21 a anh daunhng iem m oc chuyen bien quan
trong cuaRFID. K ythuatRFID hien nay ang c s dung trong ca khu vc kinh te t
n h a n va n h a n c ,t viec theo doisach trong th vien en viec xac nhan m ot chiec
cha khoa khi ongxe. Ca cn h a ba nle ta m c ang yeu ca u ca cn h acung ca p l n s
dung th e RFID, cungv in h n g tien bo ky thu at va gia m gia ca a th u cay s pha t
trien cuaRFID.
Tai VietNam hien nay, nhu ca us dung RFID ngay cang nhieu v a m ra m o tth
trng vo cungtiem nang cho ca c nhanghien cu,sinh v ie n v a ca c nh a sa n xuat.Tuy
nhien e c o thevandung v a pha ttrien m othe thong,chungra cungca np h a ic o s hieu
bietnhatnh ve chung.
1.2.2. Kh a iniem RFID

-7-
La con g nghe xac n han d lieu o i tng bang song vo tuyen e nhan dang,
theo d o iv a lu thongtin trong m o tth e (Tag). Reader q u e td lieu th e va g i th on gtin
enc s d lieu lu tr d lieu cuath e.
K y thuatRFID c o lien quan en he thong kho
ng day cho phep m otthiet b oc
thong tin c cha trong m o t chip khong tiep x uc trc tiep khoang ca c h xa, m a
k h o n g th c h ien ba tk ygiao tiep v at ly naohoac yeu ca u m o ts nhn thay giahai ca i .
N o cho ta phng phaptruyen v a nha n d lieu t m otiem eniem kh ac.
Dang n gian nhatc s dung hien nay he th on g RFID b onglamviec nh
sau: m o tRFID reader truyen mottn hieu tan so v o tu y e n ie n t qua antenna c u a n o
en m ot con chip khong tiep x uc.Reader nhan thong tin tr la i t chip v a g i n o en
m ay tnh ieu khien a u oc v a x ly th o n g tin tm c t con chip. Ca c con chip
khongtiep xuc,khongtch ien,chunghoat ong bang ca c hs dung nanglng chung
nhant tn hieuc gibim otreader.
K ythuat RFID s dung truyen thongkhong d ay trong d aitan son g vo tu yene
truyen dlieu t ca c the en ca c reader. Th e co th e c nh kem hoac gan vao oi
tng c nhandang changhan sa npham , hophoacpallet.
1.2.3. So sa n hca ch e thong ID kh a cnhau
T ca c hphan tch cac he thongnhan dang m o ta tren cho ta thay u ie m v a
nhc iem cuaRFID v ica che th o ngkh ac(Ba n g1.1).
Ba n g1.1: So sa n hmot s o h e thong nha ndang

Ca cth o n gso
Ma vach
OCR
Nha n
Th e
RFID

-8-
dang
bang
giong n o i
thong
minh
S o lng d lieu(byte)
1 100
1 100
Mat o d lie u
Kha nangoc cua
thiet b
Thap
Thap
Cao
Ra tcao
96 bits en
64K
Ra tcao
To t
To t
a ttien
To t
To t
oc c user
Han che
n
gian
n gian
Khong
the
Khongthe
Ta con gcu acha t

b an / o a
m
Ra tcao
Ra tcao
Ta c o n gc u av o boc
16 64K
Co the
Sai hoan Sai hoan

toan
toan
Ta congtheo chieu
v a v tr
Thap
Thap
Mo t
chieu
S thoaihoa
Han che
Han che
Tiep x uc
Chi ph mua
Ra tthap
Trung
bnh
Chi ph hoat ong
Thap
Thap
Khongca ns x a c
nhan
Co chutt
Co chut
t
4 giay 3
giay
Khoa n gca c hto ia
D i1
g i a a u o c v a thiet 0 50 cm
cm
b mang d lie u
Ra tcao
Co the
Thap
Trung
bnh
Khong
the
> 5 gia y
4 giay
0 50 cm
Chieu
tiep x uc
To c o o c d lie u
Khonga n h
hng
Khonga n h
hng
Khonga n h
hng
Khonga n h
hng
Trung bnh
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Ra tnhanh
0,5 giay
0 60 m
1.3. Ca cthanh phan cua mo the tho n gRFID

Ca cthanhphanchnh trong he th on gRFID la th e ,reader v a c s d lieu .
Mot he tho ng RFID to an dienbao gombomthanhphan:
- Th e RFID (RFID Tag, Transponder - b o phatap)c laptrnh ient
v ithongtin duy nhat.
- Ca creader (au oc) hoac sensor (ca icambien) etruy vanca cth e.
- Antenna thu, ph a tso n gvo tuyen.

-9-
- Host computer - server, ni m a m ay chu

va he thong phan m em giao
dien v ihe tho ng c ta i.N ocu n gco th e ph an phoiph an m em trong ca c reader v a
ca m bien.C s ha tangtruyen thong:l a thanhphanbatbuoc,n o la m ot tapgo m ca hai
mang co d a yv a k h o n gd a yv a ca cb o p h an k e tn o itu a nt ek et n o ica cth anhphana
lie tk e tren v inhau e chungtruyen v inhau hieuqua.
Hnh 1.9. He tho n gRFID toandien

1.3.1. The RFID
Th e RFID (b o phatap), thiet b lu tr d lieu thc te cuam othe thong RFID,
thngbao gomm otphant k e tn o i(Coupling element) v a m o tvi chp ient .
Hnh 1.10. Layout cu athie tb mang d lie u ,transponder. Hnh be ntra itransponder gh ep
c a m ng v iantenna cuo n da y ,hnh b e npha itransponder viba v iantenna dipole
Th e g o m c o 2 pha n chnh:

-10-
- Chip: lu tr m otso th t duy nhat hoac thong tin khacda tren loai
th e:read-only, read-write, hoacwrite-once-read-many.
- Antenna c g a n v i vi mach truyen thong tin t chip en reade r.
Antenna ca n gl ncho bietpham vi oc cangln.
Ca cth eRFID c phan loai da tren viecthec o c h am o tcung ca p nguon gan
bentrong hay la c cung ca p b ithietb chuyen dung:
- Thu ong(Passive)
- Tch cc (Active)
- Ba ntch cc (Semi-active, congoi banthu ong- semi-passive)
Th e thu o n g
Hnh 1.11.Ca utru cc u amo tth e thu o n g

Loai thenaykhongc o nguonben trong (on-board), s dung nguonnhan c t
reader e t tiep sinh lc hoat ongva truyen d lieu clu tr trong n o cho reader.
Th e thu ong coca u tru c n gian va khongco ca c thanhphan ong.Th e nh th e c o
m ot thi gian son g da i va th n g co s c chu ng vi ieu kien m oi trng
khac
nghiet.
o i v iloai the na y, khi th e v a reader truyen thong vinhau th reader luon
truyen trcro im ien the.Cho nen batbuo cp h a ic o reader e th e c o the truyen d
lieu cu an o .
Th e thu ong c oc khoang cach t 11cm trng ga n (ISO 14443), en

10m trngxa (ISO 18000-6), v a co thele n en 183m khi keth p v ima tra n .
Th e thu ongnhohn va cungre hn th e tch cc hoac bantch cc.
Ca cthethu ongc o th e th c thi tan so low, high, ultrahigh, hoacmicrowave
Th e thu ongbao gomnhngthanhphanchnh sau:
- Vi mach (microchip).
- Antenna.
Vi mach
Vi m ach thongthnggomco:
- Bo ch nh lu (power control/rectifier): chuyen nguon AC t tn hieu
antenna cu areader thanh nguon DC. N o cung ca p nguon en ca c thanhphan khaccua
vi mach.
- Ma y tachxung (Clock extractor): ru ttn hieu xung t tn hieu antenna
c u areader.
- Bo ieu che (Modulator): ieu ch nhtn hieu nhanc t reader. a p
ngcu ath ec gantrong tn hieua ieuche,sau o n o c truyen tr lai reade r.
- n v luan ly (Logic unit): chu trach nhiem cung ca pgiao th ctruye n
g i ath e v a reader.
- Bo n h vi mach (memory): c dung lu tr d lieu . Bo n h n ay
thngc phan oan (gom vaiblock hoac field). Addressability co ngha la c o kha
nang phan tch (oc hoac ghi) v a o b o n h rieng cu a m o t vi mach c ua th e . Mot block
n h cu a th e co th e g i n h ie u loai dlieu kh ac nhau, v du nh m otphan cua d lie u
nhan dang o i tng c gan the , ca c bit checksum (cha n g han kiem tra lo i
CRC) kiem tra o chnh x a ccu a d lieu c truyen v.v S tien b o c u a k y th u a t cho
phep kch th ccu avi m ach nhoen m cnhohn hat ca t .Tuy nhien, kch c cu ath e
khongc xa cnh bikch thcvi mach c u an o m a b ichieu daiantenna cu an o .
Antenna
Antenna cuathec dunge laynang lng t tn hieu cu areader e la m tang
sinh lc cho the hoatong, gihoacnhan d lie u t reader. Antenna n ay c gan vao
vi mach, antenna la trung ta m o iv ihoat ongcuathe.
Co th e c o n h ieu dang antenna, n h a t la UHF, chieu daiantenna tng n g v i
bcsonghoat ongc ua the.Mot antenna lng cc bao gom m otday dan ien (cha n g
h an ong) m anob nga t trung tam. Chieu d ai tongcong c ua m o t antenna lngcc
bang na bc song ta n so c dun g nham to i u nang lng truyen t tn
hieu antenna cu areader enth e .Reader c o th e o c th e n a y nhieuhngkhacnhau.
Chieu daiantenna c u ath e th n glnhn nhieu so v ivi mach c ua the v vay
n o qu yet n h kch c va t l y cu ath e .Mot antenna c o the c thiet ke da tren m otso
nhanto sau ay:
- Khoa n gca c hoc cuath e v ireader.
- Hngco n h cu ath eo iv ireader.
- H ngtu yy c u at h e o iv ireader.
- Loai sa npha m rieng bie t.
- Va n toccuaoitng c ga n the .
- o pha n cc antenna cu areade r.
N hngiem ketnoig ia vi mach c u ath e v a antenna l a nhngketnoiyeu nhat
c u ath e .N e u c o b a tk y iem ketnoinaob hong th xem nh thekhong lamviec c
h o a cc o th e h ie u sua tlam viecgiam angk e.
Hien tai, antenna c u athe c xay dng bang mot m anhkim loai mong (cha n g
han ong,bac hoacnhom). Tuy nhien, trong tng lai c o th e se in trc tiep antenna len
nhan the, hop va sa n pham ong goi bang cach s dung m ot loai mc d a n c o
chaong,cacbon va niken.
Th e tch cc
Hnh 1.12. M o ts o lo a i th e tch cc

Th e tch c c co motnguon nanglng ben trong (cha n ghan m otbopin, h o a cc o
th e la nhngnguonnang lng khacnh s dung nguonnanglng m attr i)v a ie n t
hoc e thcthi nhngnhiem vu chuyen dung. Th e tch cc s dung nguon nang lng
ben trong e truyen d lieu cho reader. N o kho ng ca n nguon nang lng t reader e
truyen d lieu. ien t h o c b e n trong g o m b o vi mach, ca m bien va ca c cong
vao/ra c ca pnguonbinguonnanglng ben trong n o .
o iv ilo ai the na y,trong q u atrnh truyen gia theva reader, the luon truyen
trc, ro i m i en reader. V s hien dien cuareader khong ca n thiet cho viec truyen
d lieu nen th etch cc c o th e p h a td lieu cuan o cho nhngvunglanca n n o th a m ch
trong ca trnghp reader khongc o ni o
Khoa n g cach oc cuathe tch c c la 100 feet (xap x 30.5 m) hoac hn n akhi
m aypha ttch cc cualoai thena yc dungen.
Th e tch cc bao gom4 thanhphanchnh sau:
- Vi mach: Kch c va kh a nang lamviecvi mach thngl nhn vi mach
trong thethu ong.
- Antenna: c o the truyen tn h ie u c u ath ev a nhan tn hieureader. o iv i
th e b a n tch cc, gom mot hoac nhieu manh kim loai nh ong,tng t nh th e thu
ong.
- Cung ca p nguonbentrong.
- ient h o c b e n trong
Hai thanhphan au tien (vi mach, antenna) a c m o tatrong
phan trc.Sau
ay,hai thanhpha n sau se c c trnh bay:
Nguo nnang lng ben trong
Ta t ca ca c th e tch cc eu mang motnguon nang lng ben trong e cung cap
nguoncho ie n t h o c b e n trong v a truyen d lieu. N eu s dung bo pin th th e tch cc
thng keo daituoitho t 2 en 7 nam tu ythuoc vao thigian so n g cu a b o pin. Mo t
trong nhngnhan to quyet nh thigian so ng cu abo pin la to c o truyen dlieu cu a
the.N eu khoangca c h o ca n grong th b o pin ca n g to n tai lau va v the th igian so n g
c u ath ec u n gd a ihn.
ie nt hoc ben trong
ient h o c b e n trong cho phepthehoat ongnh m o tm a yp h a tv a cho p h e pn o
thc thi nhngnhiem vu chuyen dung nh tnh toan,hien th gia tr cac tham so ong
naoo,hoac hoat ong nh m otca m bien,v.v Thanh phan naycungc o th e cho phep
cho n l a ketn oiv ica c ca m bien ben ngoai.V v a y th e c o th e th c thi nhieunhiem vu
thongminh, tu ythuocva oloai ca m bienc ga n vao.
Th e ba ntch cc (b an thu ong)
Th e b a n tch c c c o m ot nguon nang lng bentrong (cha n gh a n la b o pin) v a
ie n t h o c b e n trong e thc thi nhngnhiem vu chuyen dung. Nguonben trong cung
ca p sinh lc cho the hoat ong.Tuy nhien trong q u a trnh truyen d lieu, th e ban tch
cc s d u n g n g u o n t reader. Th e b a n tch c c c go i la the co ho tr pin (batteryassisted tag).
Hnh 1.13. Ca utru cc u amo tth e b a ntch cc
o i v iloai the na y, trong qu a trnh truyen gi a th e v a reader th reader luon

truyen trc ro ien the .Tai sao s dung the ban tch cc m a khongs dung the thu
ong?B iv th eb a ntch cc khongs dung tn hieu cuareader nh th e th u o n g,n o t
kch o n g ,n o c o th e o c khoangca c hxa hn thethu ong.B iv khongca n th igian
tiep sinh lc cho th e b an tch cc, th e c o th e nam trong pham vi oc cu areader t hn
th igian oc quy nh (khong giongnh th e thu ong). V vay neu oitng c gan
th e ang di chuyen toc o cao, d lieu th e co th e v an c o c n eu s dung theb an
tch cc. Th e b a ntch cc cungcho phep oc to t hn ngay ca khi gan the bang nhng
vat lieu cha n tan so vo tuyen (RF-opaque v a RF-absorbent). S c o m
at cuanhn g v at
lieu nay co th e ngan kh on g cho the thu ong hoat ong ung
dan en viec truyen d
lieu khong thanhcong.Tuy nhien, ay khong ph a ila van e khokhan oiv i th e ba n
tch cc.
Pham vi oc cu athe ba n tch c c co th e le n en 100 feet (xap x 30.5 m) v i
ieukien ly .
Viecpha n loai tiep theo da tren khanang h o tr ghi c h e pd lieu:
- Ch oc (RO)
- Ghi m otlan,oc nhieulan(WORM)
- oc-Ghi (RW)
Th e read only (RO)
Th e RO c o the claptrnh (t cl a ghi d lieu len th eRO) ch m o tla n .D lie u
co th e c lu vao the tai x nghiep trong lu csa n xuat. V iec nayc thc hien nh
sau: ca cfuse rieng le tren vi m ach cuathec lu conh bang cach s dung chumtia
laser. Sau khi thc hien xong, khongtheghi e d lieu len the cna.Th e na yc
goi la factory programmed. Nha sa nxua tloai the n a yse a d lie u le n th e v a n g is
dung the khong the ieu ch nh c. Loai th e n a ych to t o iv in h n g n gd u n g nho
m akhong thc te oiv iquy m o sa n x uat lnho ac khi d lieu cu athe ca n c lam
theo yeu ca u cu akh a ch an g da tren ngdung. Loai the nayc s dung trong ca c
ngdung kinh doanh v a ha n gkhong nho.
Th e write once, read many (WORM)
Th e WORM c o th e c ghi d lieu m otlan,ma thngth khongphaic ghi
b in h a sa n xuat m abingis dung the ngay lu cth e ca n c ghi. Tuy nhien trong
th c te th c o th e ghi c vailan (khoang 100 lan). N eu ghi q u aso lan cho phep,the
c o theb phahongvnh vien. Th e WORM c goi l a field programmable.
Loai th e n a yc o g ia ca va hieusua tto t,c o an to a nd lie u v a la lo a i th e p h o bien
nhattrong lnh vc kinh doanh nga ynay.
Th e read write (RW)
Th e RW c o th e ghi d lieu c nhieu lan, khoang t 10.000 en 100.000 la n
h o a c c o th e hn na.V iec nay em lai li ch ra t l n v d lieu co th e c ghi b i
reader h o a c b ith e (neu la th e tch cc). Th e RW go m thiet b nhFlash v a FRAM e
lu d lieu. The RW c g o i la field programmable hoac reprogrammable. S an toan
dlieu la m o t th a c h th c o i v ith e RW. Them vao na la loai the na y th n g at
nhat. Th e RW khong c s dung rong ra itrong ca c ngdung ngay nay, trong tng
lai c o thecongnghethephattrien th chi ph the giamxuong.
1.3.2. Reader
Mot reader ien hnh cham otModule ta n so vo tuyen (m ay phatv a m a y thu)
la m o tn v ieukhienv a la p h a n t k e tn o i e n b o pha tap.Ngoa ira ca c reader co n
c gan v i1 m ot giao d ie n b o sung (RS232, RS 485 ) e chungc o th e chuyen tiep d
lieu oc c enm othe thongkhac(PC, he thongieu khienrobot)
Reader RFID c go i la v a ttra h o i(interrogator), la m o tthiet b oc v aghi d
lieu ca c th e RFID tng thch. Hoa t ong ghi d lieu len th e bang reader c go i la
tao the.Qua trnh tao the v a k e th p th e v im o t o itng c goi l a a th ev a ohoa t
ong(commissioning the tag).
Reader la h e th a n kinh trung ng cuatoanhe thong, phan cngRFID thiet lap

viectruyen v ithanhphan nayv a ie u k h ie n no ,l a thao ta cquan trong nhat cuabatky
thc thenaom uonlien ketvithc thephancngna y .
Mot reader c o ca utru clayout nh Hnh 1.14 d iay:
Hnh 1.14. Ca utru clayout c ba ncu am o treader

Ca cthanhphanchnh cu areader bao gom:
- May pha t(Transmitter)
- May thu (Receive r)
- Vi mach (Microprocessor)
- Bo nh.
- Kenh vao/ra o iv ica cca m bien, c ca u truyen ong au t , b a n gtn
hieu ien baoben ngoai (m ac d u n o iu n gra a y l a nhngthanhphankhongbat buoc,
chungha u nh luonc cung ca p v i m o reader
t
thng mai).
- Mach ieukhien (c o th e n o c a t benngoai)
- Mach truyen thong.
- Nguonnang lng.
C ac thanhpha n chnh cu areader
M a yp ha t
Ma y p ha tcu areader truyen nguonAC va chu ky xung o ng h o qua antenna cu a
n o e n th e trong pham vi oc cho p h e p ,n o chu trach nhiem g itn hieu cuareader en
m oitrngxung quanh v a nha n lai apngcu ath e qua antenna cu areade r.
M a ythu
May thu nhan tn hieu tng t t th e qua antenna c u a reader. Sau o n o g i
nhngtn hieunaycho vi mach cu areader, tai ni n a yn o c chuyen thanhtn h ie u so
tng ng (c o ngha la d lieu m a the a truyen cho reader c bieu dien dang
so ).
Vi mach
Thanh phan nay chu trach nhiem cung ca p giao thc cho reader e n o
truyen tho n g v ith e tng thch v i n o . N o thc hien viec giai m a va kiem tra lo i
tn hieu tng t nhant m a ythu.
Bo n h
Bo nhdunglu tr d lieu nh ca ctham so ca uhnh reader v a m o bt an k e khai
ca clan oc the.V vay neu viec ketn oigi areader v a h e thongmach ieu khien/phan
m em b hongth ta tca d lieu th ea c oc khong b mat.
C a ck en hnhap/xuat cu aca ccam bie n, c ca utruye n o n g a ut va b a n g
tn hieu ien ba obe nngoai
Ca c reader khong ca n bat suot. Cac th e c o th e ch x u a t h ie n lu cna o o va r i
kh o ireader m aicho nen viec batreader suot se gay langph nang lng. Them nala
g i ihan v a e ca p tren cung anh hng en chu k y la m v ie c c ua reader. Thanh
phan naycung ca p m otc c h e b a t v a ta t reader tuythuoc vao ca c s kien be n ngoai.
Co m otso loai cam bien nh ca m bien v e an hsa ng h oac s chuyen ong e phathien
ca c o i tng c g an th e trong pham vi oc cu a reader. Cam bien nay cho phep
reader batlen e oc the .Thanh phan naycungcho phepreader cung ca p x uatcu c bo

tu ythuoc vao m otso ieu kien qua m otbang tn hieu ien bao(cha n g han, b a o bang
a m thanh) hoac c ca u truyen ong au t (cha n g han, m h oac ongvan an toan,di
chuyenmotcanh tay robot, v.v).
M ach ieu khie n
Mach ieu khienla m o tth c th e cho p h e p th c th e b e n n g o a ila con ngi hoac
chng trnh m aytnh giao tiep, ieu khien ca c ch cnan g cu areader, ieu khien bang
tn hieu ien baova c ca u truyen ongau t k e t h p v ireader nay.Thng th ca c
n h asa n x uathp nhatthanh phan nayvaoreader (nh phan m em he thong(firmware)
cha n ghan).
Giao dien truye ntho n g
Thanh phan giao dien truyen thongcung ca pcac lenh truyen en reader, n o cho
phep tng ta cv i ca c thc the ben ngoaiqua mach ieu khien, e truyen d lieu cu a
no,nhan lenh vagilai ap ng.Thanh phan giao d ie n n a y c u n g co th e xem la m ot
phancu amach ieukhienhoacla phng tientruyen giamach ieukhien v a ca cthc
the ben ngoai.Thc the nayco n h n g a c ie m quan trong ca n xem n o nh motthanh
phan oc lap. Reader co th e c o m o t giao dien tuan t. Giao dien tuan t l a loai giao
dien pho bien nhat nhng ca c reader th e h e sau se c phat trien giao dien
mang thanh m ot tnh nang chuan. Ca c reader p h c tap c o ca c tnh nang nh t phat
hien bang chng trnh ng dung, co gan ca c Web server cho phep reader n han lenh
va trnh b a yketquadungm ottrnh duyetWeb chuan.
Nguo nnang lng
Thanh phan nay cung ca p nguon nang lng cho ca c thanh phan c ua reader.
Nguonnang lng c cung ca p cho ca c thanh phan na yqua m otd ay dan ien c
k e tn o iv i m o ngo
t ra ben ngoaithch hp.
Ph anloa i reader
Reader c phan loai chuyeu theo tieu chua n l a giao dien m areader cung cap
cho viectruyen thong.Trong tieu chua n nay,reader c o the c pha n loai ra nh sau:
- Serial.
- Network.
Serial reader
Serial reader s dung lien ketserial e tru yen v im ot n gdung. Reader k etn o i
en cong serial c u am ay tnh dungket noituan t RS232 hoac RS485. Ca hai loai ket
n o i n a y e u c o gi ihan tren ve chieu daicap s dung k e t no i reader v im a y tnh.
Chuan RS485 cho phepca pd a ihn chua n RS232.
u iem cuaserial reader la c o otin
ca y cao hn network reader. V vay s
dung reader loai nayc khuyen khch nham la mto ithieu s phu thuo c vaom o tkenh
truyen.
N hc iem cuaserial reader l a phu thuo cvaochieu d aito ia cu aca p s dung
e k e t n o im o treader v im otm aytnh. Them n a, thngth tren m ot m a y ch uth so
cong serial b han che. To c o truyen d lieu serial thngthap hn to c o truyen d
lieu mang. N hng nhan to nay dan en chi ph bao dng cao hn va th igian che t
angke.
Network reader
Network reader k e t n o iv im a ytnh s dung ca m ang day v akhong day. Thc
te ,reader hoat ongnh thiet b mang.
u iem cuanetwork reader la kho ngphu thuocvaoch ieu daito ia c u aca p ke t
n o ireader v im a ytnh. S dung t m a ych u hn so v iserial reader. Them nala phan
m em h etho n gcu areader c o the c ca pnha tt xa qua mang.
Nhc iem cuanetwork reader la viec truyen khong ang tin ca y bang serial
reader.
C ch e truye nc ba ngi athe va reader
Tu y thuoc vao loai th e, viec truyen gia reader v a th e c o th e theo m o t trong

nhngca c hsau a y :
- Modulated backscatter.
- K ieum aypha t(transmitter type).
Trc khi nghien cu sa u v a o loai truyen thong, ta phai hieu c kh ai
niem near field v a far field.
Pham vi gia antenna cu areader va m o tbcso n g cuasong RF c phatbi
antenna c goi l a near field. Pham vi ngoa i b c so n g cu a son g RF a p h a t t
antenna c u areader c goi la far field. Ca che thongRFID thu onghoat ong bang
ta n LF v a HF s dung viec truyen thong near field trong khi trong bang tan UHF v a
son g vi ba s dung far field. C ng o tn hieu trong truyen thongnear field yeu i lap
phng khoang ca c h t antenna cu a reader. Trong far field, n o g ia m i bnh phng
khoang ca c h t antenna cu a reader. Cho nen truyen thong far field c ket hp v i
pham vi oc da ihn truyen thongnear field.
Hnh 1.15. C che truyen trng gan, tr n gxa g i ath e v a reader
Tiep theo so sa nh viec oc the v a ghi the.V iec ghi th e m at nh ieu thigian hn
viec oc the trong cungieu kien v hoa t ong ghi gom nhieu bc, bao gom viec x ac
minh ban a u ,x o ad lieu co ntontai tren the,ghi d lieu m ilen the ,v a giai oan xac
minh la n cuoi.Them n a la d lieu c ghi tren th etheo khoi bangnhieu bc.V vay
viec ghi th e c o th e m a t ca tram giay m ihoanthanh cungviviec tang kch th cd
lieu. Ngc lai, c o m o t so th e c o th e c oc trong khoang thigian nay vicung
reader. V iec ghi th e la m o t q u a trnh d e b anh hng ca n a t th e g an antenna cu a
reader hn khoangca c hoc tng ng.V iecat gannham cho phepantenna c u ath e c o
th e nhan c unang lng t tn hieu antenna c u areader e ca p nguon cho vi mach
c u a n o g iu p n o c o the thc thi ca c lenh ghi. Nhu ca u nang lng oiviquatrnh ghi
thngcao hn qu atrnh oc.
Modulated backscatter
Viectruyen modulated backscatter a pd u n g cho ca thethu ongva ba ntch cc.
Trong kieu truyen thong nay,reader g i i tn hieu RF song lien tuc (continuos waveCW) gom co nguon AC v a tn hieu xung cho the cungtan so mang (carrier frequenc yta n so m a reader hoat ong). N hviec ketnoi(ngha l a c che truyen nang lng gi a
reader v a th e) m a antenna c u a th e cung
ca p nguon ien cho vi mach. T kch thch

th n ga m ch viec vi mach cuathethu ongnhan nanglng t tn hieu cuareader e
t tiep sinh lc. Vi mach ca n khoang1.2V t tn hieu cuareader e tiep sinh l c o iv i
viec oc. Co n o i v ivie c ghi th vi mach thng ca n khoang 2.2V t tn hieu c ua
reader. Hien nay vi mach ieu chnh, thay o i tn hieu nhap thanh m ot chuoi m o hnh
m ,ta t trnh ba yd lieu c u a n o v a truyen n o tr lai. Khi reader nhan tn hieu a ieu
c h e ,n o g ia ima m o hnh v a thu c d lie u th e .
V vay trong m o hnh truyen modulated backscatter, reader luon talks tr c
sau o m it i th e Th
. e s dung m ohnh naykhong thetruyen khi khongc o m a treader
v n o phu thuochoa ntoanvaonang lng cuareader e truyen d lieu cu ano.
Hnh 1.16. C che truyen modulated backscatter c u ath e thu o n g
Hnh 1.17. C che truyen modulated backscatter c u ath e ba nthu ong

Kieu ma yp h a t
K ieu truyen naych ap dung cho th e tch cc. Trong kieu truyen nay,the phat
tanthongiep xung quanh m oitrng vikhoang ca c htheo qui nh, batke reader c o
hay k h o ng c o m a t o .V vay, trong kieu truyen na y, the luon luon talks tr c
reader.
Hnh 1.18. C che truyen kie um a ypha tc u ath e tch cc
1.3.3. Database
Database la h e thongthong tin phu tr e theo d o iva chathongtin v e item c o
nh th e .
Thong tin c lu trong database bao gom nh danh item, ph an m o ta ,nh asa n
xuat,hoat ongcuaitem, v tr. Kieuthongtin chatrong database se b ien o i
tu ytheo
ngdung. Chang han d lieu c lu tr trong he tho n g thu le ph ng se k h a cv i
d lieu clu tr cho m otdaychuyen cung ca p cungnh k h a cv iquan l y nhan vien
trong m otcongty. Ca cdatabase c u n gc o thec ketnoienca cm ang khacnh mang
LAN e k e t n o i database qua Internet. Viec ke t n o i n a y cho p hep dlieu chia se v i
m o tdatabase cu c b o m ath o n gtin c thu thap trctient n o .
1.4. Giao thc the RFID

e co th e h ie u c c che tru yen va ca c k y th u at lien quan en cong
nghe RFID chungta se i tm hieu nhng thuat ng va khainiem ban au cung nh
ca c hlu d lieu tren thev a hai th u tuc ra tquan trong la Singulation v a Anti_Collision.
1.4.1. Thua tn gva k h a iniem
Trong phanna y ,ta se nghien cuca cgiao thcma reader v a th e s dung e trao
oithongiep thongqua giao dien khonggian (air interface) cungnh xem x e tchi tie t
thongtin c lu tr tren the.
Giao thc: Mo tta pca cquy ta c chnh th c m ota cach truyen d lieu, a cb ie t la
qua motmang. Ca cgiao th cca p thap xacnh ca c tieu chua n ve ien, ve vatl y c
tien hanhtheo kieubit v a k ieu byte, viec truyen, viecpha th ie n lo iv ah ie u ch nchuoi
h
bit. Ca c giao thcca p cao e ca p en nh dang d lieu bao g o m c u p h a p c u a thong
iep, oan o i thoai g i a a u cu o i t im a y tnh, ca c b o k y t , s sap xep th t cu a
thongiep, v.v
V inh ngha nay,ca c giao dien khong gian se l a ca c giao thcca p thap , co n
ca c giao th c c m o ta d i a y la ca c giao thcca p cao. N o x a c n h cu p h a p c u a
th o n g ie p v a ca u tru ccu aoan oithoai giareader v a th e .P h a n au xoay quanh m ot
so th u a tn g va khainiem quan trong e hieu c giao th cth e v a g ia ithch nhieuhn

v e m o i quan he g i a cac chua n ma vach va m a h o a th e , n o se h uch cho ngi phat
trien xay dng ca c ngdung EPC (Electronic Product Code). Sau ay ta thaoluan m ot
so loai thutuc chong ung o va singulation e minh hoa ca c h reader nhan dang th e .
Phannaygangiongphan chcnangsecurity & privacy v a m o sot meo g ro itrong viec
truyen cuathe.
Ban au giao thc singulation dng nh ch nhng ngi quan tam m ibiet
nhng chung a c ta p trung tranh luan so i n o i trong suot th i gian g a n a y v a
la nguyen nhan ga y ra nhng quyet nh then chot trong th igian thong qua k y th u a t
RFID trong nhieunganhcongnghiep.
Thuat n g k y thuat phattrien khi c o b a t k y m ot k y th u a nt a o m ira ikhong
ngoai tr RFID. Mot so thuat ng
na ykhahuch e m o ta ca ckhainiem khacse xuat
hientrong phanna y .Ca cth u a tn g n a yla :
Singulation
Thuat ng nay m o ta m o t th u tuc giam m ot nhom (group) thanh mot luong
(stream) e quanly ke tiep nhau c. Chang han m otcaxe ienngamla m otthiet b
e giam m otnhom ngithanh m otluong ng im a h e th o n g co th e e m v a y e u ca u
xuat trnh th e . Singulation cung tng t khi co s truyen thong vica cth e RFID, v
k h o n g co c che naocho phe p th e reply tach biet, nhieu the se a p n g m o t reader
o n g th i v a c o th e pha v viec truyen thong na y. Singulation c u n g c o h a m y rang
reader hoc ca cID cu am o ith e e n o k ie m ke .
Anti-collision
Thuat ng nay m o ta m o t tap thu tuc nganchan ca cth e nga t m oi th e khac va
khong cho p h e p c o thay oi. Singulation nhan dang ca c the rieng biet, ngc lai anticollision ieu ch nhthigian a p n gva tm c a cphng thcsa p x ep nga u nhien nhng
a p n gna y e reader c o th ehieu t ngth e trong tnh trang qua ta inay.
Identity la m o tca iten,m otso h o a c a c h m a n o c h duy nhatm otvathoacm ot

ni n a o o .Nguyen nh Chieu la m o tidentity ch m o tcon ngi cu the.259/11 /13
Kinh Dng Vng, PhngAn Lac, Qua n Bnh Tan la identity ch m o tni cu the.
1.4.2. Phng th clu tr d lieu tre nthe
Giao thctruyen thongtheca p cao hieuc ca cloai ID v a phng th clu tr
lieu tren the.Tuy nhien v m o treader ch lien lac vim otth enen layout v e m a t v a tly
thc te cuabo nhtren the tu y thu o c vao nh asa n xuat.Layout c o cau tru c logic nh
hnh v e :
Hnh 1.19. Layout bo nh cu amo tth e minh hoa

Trong o :
- CRC la m o tchecksum (xem chi tie ttrong CCITT-CRC).
- EPC l a ID cu ath e .
- Password la m otm a chet elamm atkhanang hoatongcu ath e .
CCITT-CRC:
- CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) la mo t phng pha p x ac minh mo t

kh oid lieu khon g thch hp do a b s a oi.N g ig ikhoid lieu n a yse tnh m ot
g ia tr bang ca c hx ly toan khoithanhm otso l nv a chia n o b mi o t so c goi la a
th cCRC. S o d cuaphep toannayl a CRC. Ngi g ise g iCRC n a ycu n gv id lie u
va ng i nhan d u n g phng phap tng t e tnh CRC qua kho i d lieu e so sanh.
N eu CRC t ng i g i kh on g tho a v i CRC a c tnh bi ngi nha n th ngi
nhan yeu ca u d lieu c g i lai. e phat sinh CRC, ca c giao thc EPC s dung
a thc CCITT-CRC. Giao thc nay dung
chuoi 16 bit CRC s dung a th c
x16+x12+x5+1. N o c o th e b a tc 99.998% lo i.
- Thuat toantnh CRC: a u tien tnh g ia tr hex cho a thc.Thc hien
bangca c htnh t 15 xuong (v a y la chuoiCRC 16 bit) va a n hda u 1 cho m o ilu ytha
xuat hien trong a thc. o i v im o i lu y th a k h o n g co trong a thcta anh dau 0.
ie u n a yc o ngha so o la so 0001000000100001 hoac so hex 1021(so n a y la CCITT).
Lay a th ck h o id lieu chia cho a thcna y ,so d l a CRC.
1.4.3. T h u tu c SINGULATION va ANTI-COLLISION
Va n e ke tiep lien quan t iphng th cm a m o reader
t
v a m o tth e s dung giao
dien khong gian (air interface). Co nhieu phng th ckh acnhau cho ca c reader v a th e
lien lac vinhau nhng ta t ca c o the cphan loai thanh Tag Talks First (TTF) hoac
Reader Talks First (RTF). Trong phannay,ta se nghien cuca cgiao th c phobiennhat
cho RFID: Slotted Aloha, Adaptive Binary Tree, Slotted Terminal Adaptive Collection
v a a c t a EPC Gen2 m i.
Slotted Aloha
Slotted Aloha x u a t p h a tt m o tthu tuc n gia nAloha v a c phattrien trong
nhngnam 1970 b iNorman Abramson c u aAloha Network tai Hawaii trong truyen vo
tuyen goi.Aloha a la n g u o n ca m hngcho giao thcEthernet v a s b ie n o icu ath u
tuc na yvan c dungtrong thongtin v e tinh cungnh cho ca c th eRFID ISO 18000-6
Type B v a EPC Gen2.
o iv ithu tu cn a y,ca cth eb at au broadcast ID cuachu n gngay khi reader nap

nang lng cho chu n g. Moi the g iID c u a no va ch m ot kho an g th i gian random
trc khi broadcast lai. Reader nhan ca c ID, m o i th e se broadcast trong khoang thi
gian ca cthe khacim lang. Da u sao th reader cungkhong tra l ica cthe .u iem cua
th u tu c n a yla to c o v a tnh n gian.Luan ly cu ath e ra tn h o v a v igiao thcyeu nh
th ena yth to c o oc ch at cao nha tkhi c h c o m otva ith ehien dien.
Tuy nhien, ca c the th em va o lam gia m c hoitruyen. Co ngha la ch ca c the
truyen lai en khi truyen het,n o phu thuocvaokhoangca c htruyen, vak h o n g th e thc
thi theo d o iitem c khoang 8 en 12 the. Cung may la Slotted Aloha ca i tien giao
thcbang ca c h them va o khainiem singulation va y e u ca u ca c th e ch broadcast v ao
lu cb a ta u m o tkhe th i gian n a o o v th e n o la m giam ung om ot cach angke.Va
c o kha nangoc gan1.000 th etrong m otgiay.
Slotted Aloha s dung 3 lenh chon the : REQUEST, SELECT v a READ. Lenh
au tien la REQUEST cung ca p m o t a nh dau th igian cho b a t k y th e n a o c o trong
da y.Lenh REQUEST cung cho biet phng th c ca c th e s dung ca c khe c o sa n .Mo i
thechon m ottrong nhng khe o ,n o d a va oto n gso tuy chon cuareader, chungchon
ngau nhien khoang th i gian ch trc khi tra l i le n h REQUEST. Sau o ca c th e
broadcast ID nhngkhe a chon. Khi nhan ID, reader phatlenh SELECT chaID o .
Ch th e n a o c o ID na y m itra l i. Sau o reader phatlenh READ. Sau o reader phat
lai lenh REQUEST.
Cang t khe th viec oc ca n gnhanh, ca n gnhieu khe th u n g o ca n gt. Reader
c o th e ta n g to n g so khe neu REQUEST b u n g o v a tiep tuc tanglenh REQUEST cho
en khi viec truyen ID khongco nung o na.Reader c u n gc o th e s dung motlenh
BREAK cho biet ca c th e c h i. Trong m o t so trng hp, th e se va o trang th a i
SLEEP khi oc thanhcong, v vay cho phep ca c th e c on lai c on h ie u c hoic chon
hn.
V du: Co 1 au oc A va 3 th eB1, B2, B3 va ca ckhe th igian t+10, t+20, t+30,

t+40, t+50. 3 th e se chon ngaunhien1 khe th igian. V du B3 chon khe th igian t+10,
B1 chon khe th igian t+50, B2 chon khe th igian t+30. Va au oc A quettheo th i
gian tu a n t t t en t+10, gap theB3, n o se ho B3
i c o d lieu chia se khong,B3 tra l i
v i chuoihex FFF1305000181CB50C8000001070. Th e A ghi n h a n v a B3 ri v a otrang
th aiSLEEP, tng t cho B2 v a B1. Giao thcchong ung o s dung ca c tn hieu nay
c go i la ca c giao thcSlot Marker. Slot Marker c u a giao thcSlotted Aloha cung
lam viec nh a m o ta tren, ngoai tr ket th uc c ua m o tkhe c cho b ie tb im o ttn
hieu ch kho ng ph a ib is k etth u ccu am o tth i gian thiet lap. ieu naycho phepm ot
so khe d a ihn ca ckhe k h a cv a nh th e c o nhieuc hoioc m oikhe hn.
C ay n h ph anthch ng(Adaptive Binary Tree)
Ca cth eUHF EPC l p0 v a l p1 phien ban1.0 (Generation 1) s dung motca c h
tiep ca n phc tap hn cho singulation va chong ung o la th u tuc Adaptive Binary
Tree. Th u tuc nay s dung tm kiem nh phan e tm m o t th e trong nhieu the. Ta a
quen thuoc vica y nh phan nhng e hieu ro ta se xem lai nhngkha iniem c ban.
Sau o ta se giai thch m o t so sa c thai tm kiem nh phan s dung ca c h tiep can
query/response tng t nh phan Slotted Aloha. K hong giong viSlotted Aloha, cac
th e s dung giao thcna y se tra l ingay t cth. a c ta EPC o i v igiao dien khong
gian cu aca cth e UHF se s dung 2 subcarrier rieng cho bit 1 v a bit 0 trong a pn g th e .
B iv giao thcna ykhongchuy en phng th c a p ngn h ieu th ev ibit 1 hoacbit 0
m a ch c h u y enm otth e c a p n gho achn na.
Mot phng thcde dang la o a n t n gso .Khi ta batau ta khongco thong tin,
v the ta hoiS o a u tien la 1 phaikhong?. Neu tra l ivang th ta c o th e th e m 1 va o
chuoiso v a h o iS o ke tiep la 1 phaikhong?. Neu tra li khong th ta c o th e th e m 0
vaochuoiso .Cau ho iva ca u tra l ila p la i cho t n gso cho en khi ta b iet h et to a nb o
so .Ca cm u ite n trnh b a yca cso chnh x a c m oi bc.
Hnh 1.20. S o caynh pha n

Ba y giap dun g chien l c na y e tm m otthe trong nhieu the bang nhngbit
trong ID cu ath e .Nh a n o ila ta b a t a u k h o n g c o th o n g tin. Reader g im o tca u truy
van Co th e n a o c o bit au (MSB) l a 1 khong?. Ta t ca tra l ikhong th dn ga p
ng,co nnhngthetra l ico th c hoicau h o itng t cho bit ke tiep. V ica c h
nay,ca c th e tiep tuc b thu hep dan cho en khi c h co n m o tth e tra l i.Bang phng
th c n a y reader c o th e thu hep v e m o t th e m a k h o n g i het to a n ID, m a c d u trong
trnghp xaunha tth c o th e tm kiemID tu a nt se ca ni enbit cuoicung(LSB).
Slotted Terminal Adaptive Collection (STAC)
Giao thcSTAC tng t ve n h ieu m at v iSlotted Aloha, nhng c o m ot so ac
iem lamcho n o phctap hn v a p h a ic o ca c hgiaiquyetrieng. STAC c xa c n h la
m o tth a n h p h a n c u a a c ta EPC oi v ica c th e HF. B iv noxacnh en 512 khe c o
chieu daikhac nhau, a c b ie t la n o p h u hp v isingulation v im a t o th e d a y ac.
Giao thcnay cung cho phep chon ca c nhom th e da tren chieu daicua ma EPC b at
au bang MSB. B iv m a EPC c to chc biHeader, Domain Manager Number,
Object Class v a Serial Number t MSB en LSB, c che na y c o the de da n g chon
n h ng the ch thuocve m otDomain Manager hoac Object Class n a o o .V ca cth e HF
thngc dungxacthc item rieng le nen ieu nayra thudung cha n ghan nh neu
ngdung m uonbietc o bao nhieuitem tren m otpallet h o nh p la nhngthunggiay A4.
Cu ng nh Slotted Aloha, STAC cungs dung ca c khe. S o khe chnh x a c c

reader c h o n v a c ieu ch nhlien tuc e ca n banggianhu ca u oc nhanh va m o tv a i
s ung o.Cang t khe hn th viecoc nhanh hn nhng nhieukhe hn th se la m cho
u n g o t hn.
STAC c h nh ngha m o tta pnh o ca ctrang th a iv a ca clenh.
EPC UHF l p1 Gen 2
V iec nghien cum ia y v e giao dien trung gian EPC UHF l p 1 c goi la
Giao thc Gen2. Gen2 phan tch m ot so gi i han c u a giao thc UHF au tien
bang ca c h nh ngha ca c s b ien oi giao th c m a n o c o th e la m v ie c theo quy ta c
RF c ua Chau A u(CEPT) v a Bac My (FCC).
Giao thcEPC Gen 2 ho tr singulation th e nhanh hn giao thctrc, toc o
o c la 1.600 the tren giay Bac My v a 600 the tren giay Chau A u
. ie u then chot
c u a Gen2 la ca c tn hieu reader phatra c motkhoang ca c h xa. Neu 2 reader cach
nhau 1km th vanxem chung cungmoitrnghoat ong.
Giao th cm o ta 3 thutuc truyen giareader v ith e .Reader chon ca c th e bang
ca c hso sanh thevim o t bitmask, hoackiem the bangca c hsingulate the ,hoactruy cap
th e e oc th o n gtin, ghi thongtin, lamm atkhanang hoat onghoac ca iattrang thai
khoabang memory bank number.
C ach khacphuc s co communication the
Trong trnghp reader m atlien lac vithe ta c o th e h o i o la do reader hay
the. Th th ev i reader o ,neuthem ilamviec c th th e kia a hong,neuthem i
khong lam viec c th reader hong(hoac trong trng hp hai th e eu hon g th to t
n h a tla th v a ith e cho chac). Reader dungm otantenna hoacnhieu hn n a e lien lac
v ith e .Ta c o th e o iantenna v ireader khackhong?Ta nen ca n than, ch oiantenna
t nhngreader y nh nhau. Ha u hetreader h o tr nhieu loai the:the ISO, th e EPC, HF
hay UHF. Co nth eth c o th e la mv ie cv ih o pkim loai hay v o cao su.
B quyetn gia nekiem tra l a di chuyen thexung quanh v a xem a nhsan g oc

sanghay tat. ed auth eth ta ch viec atmnh gi ath ev a reade r.
1.5. ieu le v a chua nh oa

Khongco to c h cto a nca una o q u a n ly ta n so s dung cho RFID. Ve nguyentac,
moi quocgia e u c o the thiet lap ca c qui nh cho rieng mnh. Ca c to c h cchnh quan
ly c a p ph a tta nso cho RFID la :
- My : FCC (Federal Communications Commision) - U yban vien thong
lien bang
- Canada: DOC (Department of Communication): B ovienthong
- Chau A u ERO,
:
CEPT, ETSI, v a ca c u y ban quoc gia (ca c u y ban q u oc
gia phaiphe chua n m ottan so x ac nh e s dung trckhi n o c o th e s dung q u oc
gia nay).
- Nha t :MPHPT (Ministry of Public Management, Home Affair, Post and
Telecommunication) - Bo q u a nly va n euchung trong n cv a co n gong v e bu chnh
vienthong)
- Trung Q uoc: B ocong nghethongtin
- U c: U y ban truyen thong a phng tie n U c
- NewZealand: Bo phattrien kinh te
Ca c th e RFID tan so thap (LF: 125kHz -134,2kHz and 140kHz - 148,5kHz) v a
ta n so cao (HF: 13,56MHz) co th e c s dung toanca u m akhong can ca p phep.Cac
ta n so UHF (UHF: 868MHz - 928MHz) khong c s dung toanca u do n o k h o n gc o
chua n toanca u rieng.
1.6. Mo tso tie uchuan xayd ng cho cong nghe RFID

ISO 11784 & 11785: cac chua n n a yqui nh nhan dang tan so votu yen cho ong
v ata ra k h a in ie m k ythuatv a ca utru cma .
ISO 14223/1: nhan dang tan so v o tu y e n v iong vat,b o thu phatcao ca p - giao
d ien vo tuyen.
ISO 10536: quy nh ve tanso so ngmang phu va qua trnh ieu ch e

ISO 14443
ISO 15693
ISO 18000
EPC global: a y la n e n ta n gchua n n o g a n nh c chua n h o aq u o c te theo qui
ta ccu aISO.
1.7. Tan so vo tuyen hoat ong cua RFID

V iec chon tan so radio la ac iem hoat ongchnh cuahe thong RFID. Tan so
xac nh toc o truyen thong va khoang ca c h oc the.N oichung, tan so cao hn cho
biet phamvi oc da ihn. Mo i n gdu n g ph u hp vim otkieu tan so cu the do m o i
ta n so th so ng radio co ac iem khac nhau. Chang han so n g co tan so thap (lowfrequency) c o the xuye
n qua t n gto thn so ng c o ta n so cao hn n o ,nhng tan so cao
c o to co oc nhanh.
Co 4 ta n so chnh c s dung cho he thon g RFID: low, high, ultrahigh,
microwave.
- Low-frequency: b a n g ta n t 125KHz - 134KHz. Bang tan n a yp hu hp
v ipham vi ngan nh he thong chong trom , nhan dang ong vatva he thong khoa t
ong.
- High-frequency: bang tan 13,56MHz. Tan so cao cho p h e p ochnh xa c
cao hn vip ham vi 3foot (3*0,3048m x a p x 1m), v thegiamru iro oc sai th e.V v ay
n o thch hp viviec oc item. Cac thethu ong 13,56 MHz c oc t o c o 10 en
100 thetren giayv a pham vi 3feet. Ca cth ehigh-frequency c dungtrong viectheo
do iv atlieu trong ca c th v ie n v a k ie m soa thieu sach, theo do ipallet, truy ca p ,theo d o i
hanhl y vanchuyen bang m aybay v a theo d o iitem o trang s c .
- Ultrahigh-frequency: ca cthe hoat ong 900MHz v a c o the c oc
khoang ca c h da i hn cac th e high-frequency, pham vi t 3 en 15feet. Tuy nhien ca c
th ena y de b anhhng bica c n h a n to m oitrng hn ca cthehoat ong ca c tan so
khac. Bang tan900MHz thc s phuhp cho ca cngdung daychuyen cung ca p v to c

ova pham vi c u an o .Ca c thethu ong ultrahigh-frequency cothe c oc to c o
100 en 1000 thetren giay.Ca cthenaythngc s dung trong vieckiem tra pallet
v a container, xe c h ha n gv a toa trong vanchuyen ta ubien.
- Microwave frequency: bang tan 2,45GHz v a 5,8GHz, co n h ie u so ng
radio b cx a t ca c v a t th e g a n c o th e ca n tr khanang truyen thonggiareader v a
th e tag. Ca c th e microwave RFID thngc dung trong quan ly day chuyen cung
ca p .
Ba n g1.2: Ta ns o hoa t on gcu aRFID
Tan so
Tan so thap(100 - 500kHz)
a c tnh
S dung trong pham vi nganva trung bnh.
Chi ph thap
To c o o c d lieu thap
Tan so trung bnh (10 - 15MHz)
S dung trong pham vi nganva trung bnh.

Chi ph thap
To c o oc d lie u trung bnh
Tan so cao (850 -950MHz, 2,4 -
S dung trong pham vi b a nknh rong.
5,8 GHz)
Chi ph cao
To c o o c d lieu cao
1.8. Ca cng dung RFID hien hanh

Ca c n g dung thng mai cho au t v a cung ca p viec quan ly chuyen ang
khien cho s phattrien v a gia tang cong nghe RFID. Wal-Mart, trung ta m b a n le l n
nhatthe a thucs gia tan g na yb iviec yeu ca u ca c n h acung ca p s dung the RFID.
Wal-Mart yeu ca u100 n h acung ca pl n nh aba
t tau lam thepallet v a cho v a oh o pca c
th eRFID thu ongtrc thang1 nam 2005, th uc ay ca c n h ab a nle k h a cth c h ien k e
hoach tng t. V is phattrien cuaWal-Mart, nhiem vu RFID l a a congnghe na y

thanhxu thechuao va lamcho n o sinh li nhieu hn.
1.8.1. RFID trong viec x phat
Cungcungnhngkha nang lamcho y tngRFID qua nly daychuyen c o th e
manh trong viecphat, an ninh quocgia, va luat phap.Ca cngdung gom actnh kiem
tra (changhan su ngcam tay, thiet b lien lac, m aytnh), kiem tra bang chng,passport
v a kie m tra visa, kiemtra ca nb o trong ca ctiennghi v a xa m nhaphe thongieukhie n
trong ca cto anha hoacca cphong(cha n ghan nh ca cthietb ra va okhongkhoa).Cong
ngheRFID c xay dng trong v ie c x p h a t v a an ninh quocgia ronghn trong luat
phap.
Cong ngheRFID tao ie u k ie n x p h a t d e d a n g ,thay oicacnh iem vu thng
le m a n o o ihoinhieuth igian thanhca cnhiem vu ient c thc thi t on gv i
chi ph thap.Them nala thuca y hoat onglu, tao he thonghoanch nh,hieu qua
hn. Viecs dung he thongRFID lamtangan ninh, giam bao lc, tao ra m oitrngan
toancho b o pha n nhanvien.
1.8.2. RFID trong an ninh quo cgia
H oian ninh quocgia My (DHS) a nam batRFID nh m otcongnghec chon
cho viec ca itien an ninh bien giiMy v a c a khau.Cong nghe RFID l a y t n g x a c
nh v tr, theo do iv a x a th
c c s i lai cu amoi n gi va
ca c oitng m aho vaora
My .N o d u n gky th u a tsinh trac hoc e x acminh nhan dang cuaca ckhach ncngoai
sa n bay v a cang. Mot n go ntay tro cuakhach c scan e lay d au tay v a m o t a n h so
c chup. Da u tay v aa n h c d u n g e x ac thc tailieu thonghanhcua kha
ch, c
ghi lai va c kiem tra oichieu vica c danh sach phan t k h u n g bo . Ca c du k h ach
th e c o m o t so ID duy nhat m a n o lien ket v i d autay so cuaho, hnh a n hv a th o n g tin
ca nhan khactrong c s d lieu an ninh quocgia. Y tngna yla se s dung ca c th e
ch oc thu ong khong the thay o ig c tre n no.Thong tin ca nhan se khongc
lu tren the.Cong nghe RFID ca itien khanang cuahaiquan My v a nhan vien baove
b ien giie so khps v a ora bien g ii la nh thonhanh chong, chnh x a cv a a n g tin

ca y .Th e se cho phept ongghi viec ra v a ocu a du khach trong khach bo hanh,xe c o
v a c o th e cho nhan vien bien giikiem tra nhanh lng thigian hanhkhach lai My
v a h o co q u am cvisa hay khong.
1.8.3. Trong h e thong vien tho n g
Nga y nay, cac hoat ong bu chnh a trien khai RFID tren he thong khep kn
khacnhau e o kiem,giamsa tv an a n g cao hoat ongbu chnh. V du, RFID c s
dung e giam sa tdch vu bu ph am q uo cte gia ca c trung tam bu chnh l n.C bu
p h a m n a oc o gan nhan c a va okhay chia chon, thigian chuyen phatc o th e c
tnh toan. ieu naycho phep ca c van e dch vu c xacnh va c giaiquyet tin
ca y v a tie tkiem.
Ca c hoat ongbu chnh k h a c la theo do icontainer bu pham e anhgia viec
s dung ngi theo doi v a e theo do i ca c v tr container. Ca c he th o ng theo
d o icontainer bang tay c o xu hng t dan khi kh o i l n g tan g va co th ihan chote
a p n g ca c thi iem k h i hanh. Bang ca c h cho phep thong tin c lu t ong,
RFID a m b avoa th am ch hoat ong trong nhng ieu kien cang thang. Ca c gia m
oc bu chnh c o the da tren thong tin e quyet nh nang ca c chi ph van tai va x a c
n h lai ca ccontainer khi can.
- Ca ctu ibu pham c theo do ibang RFID se thongbaotnh trang ph a ta
c danhcho ca cdch vu bu pham u tien. Ca ctu ibu phamc ga n th ese t ong
c oc m o t so iem cu the tren mang e cung ca p kha nang nh v v a theo doi
c t onghoa.
1.8.4. n gdungtrong qu a nly th vie n
Ta tca ca c sach ba otrong th vien se c ga n chip RFID len tngcuon.Tai khu
vc kiem so a tcho m n va tra sach (check in/out) eu c gan au oc the e nhan
vien d e dan g nap th e cho sach bao va kiem tra tnh trang cua sach bao cho mn.
Ngoa ira, co nc o m otthiet b oc theca m tay e c o th e tm k iem v akiem tra thongtin
ve sach baotrong th vien. ieu naya la m giam chi ph v e m a tq u a nly n h a n s cung

nh tao ra s thuantien trong viecquanly v a tm kiem sach bao.
Hnh 1.21. n gdun g cong nghe RFID v a oth v ie n

1.8.5. n gdungtrong qu a nly ba nhang
Hngsat nhap congnghe RFID thanhday chuyen c thucay bis c o li
m a d e th a y trong ban kiem ke: tang lt van chuyen, nhan, cung cap c o n a n g suat,
giam gia cho viec lao ong cha n tay, xep hang va s that thoatkiem ke. Ca c reader
c ca ilu ccha thang ca cc a b e n ta u c o the phathien the tren hang hoa hoac ca c
pallet qua ca c c a. au oc g im otlenh en the e p ha tcac nhandang cuachung,thu
thap thongtin n a y v a chuyen tiep en m aytnh. Va m aytnh ghi c s d lieu kiem ke
d a v a o ha n g h o a o la n h ap hay x uat. N eu he thong s dung ca c the thong minh, th
m aytnh c o th e ghi ngaygiao/nhan va th igian tren the.
Th e RFID la s phattrien huch v a la congnghe hap dan,giupcho ca c n v
b a n le n gian hoa viec kiem ke hang h oa va han che viec m at m at trong q u a trnh
ba nhan g.V iviecth eRFID em lai hieu quakinh te cho ca cdoanh nghiep, ngitieu
dungse c o them nhieus la chon va g ia ca thap hn. Ben canh o ,viec thanh toankhi
i mua sa m se thuan li hn v c thanh to an t o n g n h v a o th e thanh to a n c o s
dung RFID. Kha c h hang khong co nphaixep hange i nhan vien kiem tra, tnh g ia
cho tngm at hanga mua. Th e RFID a thay the he thong the d lieu. Nha cung ca p
a t n gghi thongtin v e te n ,n o idung cua m athang,cungnh thongtin ve kho an g thi
gian m onhangc trng b a ytrong th e d lieu, v a atht e n a ytheo cung v imathang.
Tuy nhien,ca cthena ythngxuyen b m athoach hong.Ca cd lieu tng t g i ay
c ghi v a o th e RFID tren sa n pham , va c oc ghi bang tan so radio (khoang 13
MHz). Ca c th e RFID khong de dang b pha huydo dch chuyen, thitie t hay ca c ta c
nhan khac, d lieu c am bao an toan cho en khi c ghi lai bang ca c thiet b
chuyendung.
Hnh 1.22. n gdun g cong nghe RFID trong sie uth

1.8.6. N handang ongva t
Ca cth e RFID c ca yghep cho ong vate giuptrong viec nhandang chung.
RFID ang c ngdung trong nen congnghiep cha n nuoigia su cv i hy v o n g co th e
giupphathien ra c ca cma m m ongcuabenhtat,changhang nh benh b o ie n .Viec
ca y ca c th e c o cha thong tin v etien s benhtat cu agia su ckhongch giupchungc
cha m so c khoe manh m a c o n la ca n thiet trong viec t ong hoa quan ly trong cha n
nuoi.
1.8.7. C a ygh e pva ocon ngi
Ca cchp RFID ca y va om o
c thiet ke e quan
ly o n g v a th ie n ang c s
dung cho ng i.Mot th nghiem g an ay v icac m o ca y RFID c thc hien big iao
s Kevin Warwick ngi Anh, on g a thc hien ca y m o m o tcon chp va o ca n htay c ua
mnh nam 1998. Barcelona, Tay Ban Nha v a Rotterdam, Ha Lan ngita s dung
m o t con chp ca y m o e nhan dang khach hang VIP, va nh n gv khach n a y s dung
chp o e thanh toan tien uong. Trong nam 2004, van phong luat s Mexico a ca y
chp Verichip va o18 nha n v iencu amnh egiamsa ttruy nhapva op h o n gd lieu mat.
Hnh 1.23. n gdun g cong nghe RFID v a oca ygh e p

1.8.8. Tnh ph trong giao thong
Ca c h e tho n g giao thong c o th e s dung ca c the RFID a c lap trnh nh la
m o t phng tien thanh toan.Th e c s dung e tra tien ca c c a hang bach h o a,
tram xangcungnh tra ph cho tauien ngam ,xe b u y t,b a i o xe v a taxi. H etho n gna y
cung c ap dung cho viec tnh ph ca c tram thu ph tren ca c xa lo . O t o se

khong pha id n glai e tra ph, trong khi ca c au thu a t ca c tram se quet ca c th e
a c gan tren xe v a se g iho a n th a n g v e n h a . n gd u n g n a y se giu pgia m b t
tnh trang ket xe cactuyen ng chnh v a ca c xa lo .Viec na y cu n ggiu pthu ph lu
thong ca cni b hanche trong thanh pho.
1.9. u, nhc ie m cua he thong RFID

1.9.1. u ie m
S nhan dang m akhong ca n s nhn thaycho phepnhieu thiet b c oc cung
m o tlu c.V va ycungcho phepca c thiet b c at nhngni m a au oc khongca n
quan ta m la co nhn thay c thiet b hay khong.
oc thiet b m akhong ca n phan tch thiet b se lam cho tien trnh nhanh hn v a
cu n gcothe x acnh nhngth iet b ac biet va baove chungtranh khoinhieu nguon
phantch c o th e g a y h hong.
Tiet kiem th igian x ly ,lamtangtuoitho cuathiet b.
Bo n h v a lu tr d lieu , m otthe RFID c o th e lu tr t 96 bits en 64 Kbytes
b o n h ,c o th e m rongngdung v a cungc o th e la m m o tc s d lieu di ong.
Tnh linh hoat vatnh ong b o cho khanang quan l y chi ph trong nhieu nam va
cungcho khanang them nhieutnh n a n gva sa npha m m i.
Th e RFID ben hn m avach. Chung c o c c he tao t ca c hp cha t ac bie t e
chonglai s p h a h u ycua h o acha tva n h ie t o .
Th e RFID khong nhng co the oc m a conco the ghi thong tin. Ma vach c h
chathongtin c o n h , k ho n gthay o ic.
G iathanh: ban a u k ythu a t RFID c o gia th a n h ra t cao v i a u o c v a b o ca m
ngc dunge oc thong tin c o g ia n g o a i 2000$ en 3500$ m oicai, v a ca c th e tr
g ia 40$ en 75$ m oica i .Nhng en thiiem hien tai nhcongnghe ngayca n gh o an
thien, sa nxuathangloat c cung ca p b ira tnhieu nhasa nxuattren the gii nengia
thanhcuareader cungnh th egiam co n1/10 so v ilu cban a u .
1.9.2. Nhc ie m
D eb anhhngga yton thng: c o th e la m ton hai m othe thongRFID b iviec
phuvat lieu ba ove t 2 en 3 l pkim loai thong thnge ngan cha n tn hieu radio.
Cung c o th e to nh a i h e tho n g RFID b i v ie c athai item oin g c vica ikh ace m ot
th e che ca ikhac. ieu o c o th e h u y ca ctn hieu. ieu nay oihoikien thcve k y
thuatv a s canh thanghangca nthan.
V iec thu ieu
t ca cth e ph o ra: ca cth e RFID c danben trong bao b v a c
p h ora de thutieu. ieu nayc o ngha la se c o n h ie u v a n e khi ngis dung biet ro
hn v e vai tro cu ath e.V d u : A n o a trien khai congnghe RFID va oth vien nhng
v a n egi cho ca cthetranh b tiep x u cla m otthach thc ln.
N hnglienquan rieng t c u an g is dung

ung o au oc: tn hieu t m o t a u oc c o th e giao tiep vitn hieu t ni
k h a c m a ni o tin t cch on g che o nhau. ieu n a y c g o i la u n g o au oc. Mo t
phng phap tranh van e tren thngc s d u n g la k y thuatc goi la p h a n chia
th igian a truy ca p
u n g o th e.
Chuan congnghe cha c o :quy nh qu oc te va tieu chua n cho congnghe RFID
hien co n ang ra t s khai. Tuy nhien, congty Auto-ID, lien doanh g i a
U Ban
y Ma
Thong Nha tv a H ie p H oi Ca cNha Ba nLe va Sa nXua t c ua 12 nc chau A uang phat

trien m otchua n EPC lu tr d lieu trong th e .Microsoft c u n g a gia nhap lien doanh
nay.To chcTieu Chuan Q uocTe ISO th v ap h o i h p
c u n gU yBan K yThuat ien
T Q uocTe tha n h lap H oi ong K y Thuat Chung nham xay dng ca c tieu chua n lie n
quan enRFID.
1.10. Phng thc l am v iec cua RFID

Mot h e th o ngRFID n g ia nn h a tc o ba thanhphanc b a n :th e , a u o c, v a m ot
m ay chu .Th e RFID gom chip b a n d a n n h ova antenna c thu n h o trong m otso hnh
th co n ggo i.Mo i th e c lap trnh vim otnhan dang duy nhat cho phep theo d o i
khong day oi tng hoac con ngi ang gan th e o . B i v cac chip c s
dung trong th e RFID c o th e g i m o t so l n g l n d lieu , chu n g co th e cha th on g
tin nh chuoiso ,thidau,hngda n ca u hnh, d lieu k y thuat, so sach y h o c , v a l c h
trnh.
Hnh 1.24. Qua trnh la mvie cc u ath e v a reader

Ca c th e co th e c cap n gu o n b im o t bo pin thu n h o trong th e (ca c th e tch
cc) hoac bireader ma n o wake up th e e ye u ca u tra l ikhi th e ang trong pham
vi (th e passive).
Th e tch cc oc xa 100 feet tnh t reader v a c o th e la th e thong minh (v i
b o n h c v ietlen vax o anh m o to cngm ay tnh) h o a c la th e RO. Th e thu on gco
the coc xa reader 20 feet v a c o b o n h RO. Kch th cth e va gia ca ,da ioc, o
chnh x a coc/ghi, to co d lieu va chcnang he thong thay o itheo ac iem neu ra
trong thiet k e v a d a i tan h e th on g RFID s dung. Th e nhan song truyen t reader v a
nhbo chuyen oisang DC v a n h b o ieu che e nhan chuoibit t reader truyen t i.
Tiep entheg iso ngmang c h ad lieu phaten reader. Sau o c ie u c h e (g ias
dungQAM) la m o t so phcva c x ep v a obieu o cho m sao theo quy lu a tm aGray
tren 2 truc Re (thc) va Im(ao). V tr c u a mo i iem tn hieu (so phc) tren bieu
o chomsao phananh thongtin v e b ie n o v a pha cu aca cson g mang. Qua trnh bien
o iIFFT se bien oica cso phcbieudien ca cso ng mang trong m ien tan so thanhca cso
phc bieu dien ca c so ng mang trong mien th i gian r i rac. Trong th c te ca c
thanh phanRe v a Im c bieu dien bang chuoi nh phan c bo ieu che IQ s
dung e
ieu che songmang cung c bieu dien bang m otchuoinh phan. Chuoi nh phan sau
ieu che IQ c bien oiDA e nhanc tn hieu trong bang tan c ban.Qua trnh
x l y pha th e se thc hien bien oiFFT e tao ca c iem ieu cheph c cu at n gso n g
mang phu trong symbol OFDM (b a ncha t cu aqu a trnh tao tn hieu OFDM la p h a n tch
chuoibit au vao thanh ca c so ng mang a c ieu che theo m ot kieu n ao otrong
m ien thigian lien tuc), sau khi giainh v (Demapping) x a c nh bie u o bit tng
n gca cto h p bit c conglai e khoiphuc dongd lieu a truyen.
Hnh 1.25. Qua trnh truyennhan d lie ugiathe v a reader

Reader gom m otantenna lien lac v i theva mo tn v o ie n t hoc a c
noim an g v im aychu .n v o tiep songg ia m a y c h u v ata tca ca c th e trong pham
vi oc c u a antenna, cho phep m ot au oc lien lac vihang tram the ong th i. N o
cungthc thi cacchcnang ba om atnh ma h oa/ g ia im a v a xa cthc ng idung.
Reader co the phathien the ngay ca khi khong nhn thay chung.Ha u het ca c
mang RFID go m n h ie u th eva nhieu au oc c noi m angvinhau b im otm a ytnh
trung tam ,hau nh thng l a m ottram lam viec gon e ban.May chux ly d lieu m a
ca creader thu th a p t ca cth e va d c h n o gia mangRFID v a ca che thong cong nghe
thongtin l nhn, m a ni o q u a n lyday
chuyen hoacc s d lie u quan ly c o th e thc
thi. Middleware phan m em noihe thong RFID v im o t h e thong quan ly lu o n gd
lieu.

Trong phan naytoi se gi ithieu ca c he tho ngRFID c ban,ca c hth choat ong
cung nh m oi lien he gi a transponder v a reader. Chung ta quan tam en 2 v an e
chnh: nang lng cung ca p cho transponder v a phng thc tru yen d lieu gia
transponder v a reader. Trong thc te he thongRFID c o th e chia lam3 loai c b a n o l a:
hethong1 bit, he tho ng song congva b a nsong congv a h e thongtuant.
- H ethong1 bit.
- H ethongn bit:
+ H ethongsong cong v a ba nsong cong.
+ H ethongtuan t.
Hnh 2.1. Ca ch e thong RFID kha cnhau
2.1. He thong 1 bit

Mot bit la ai lng nhonhatcuathongtin, n o co 2 trang thai:1 hay 0. ieuna y
c o ngha la c h c o 2 trang thaic trnh b a yb itransponder 1 bit: transponder trong
vungtham van va khong c o transponder trong vu n gth am van . Mac dub gi ihan,
ca c transponder 1 bit v an ra tphobien,ngdung chnh cu ac h u n glaca c thiet b chong
trom trong ca cc aha n g(EAS, giam sa thanghoa ient ).
Mo the tho n gEAS c lamb ica clinh kien sau: antenna c u areader hay b o d o
h o i,p h a n t b a om a t hay th eba om atva m otthiet b vohieu h oahe thong sau khi ket
th ucgiao dch. Trong ca c he thong hien ai, viec vo hieuhoa c thc hien khi m a
cuam onhangc ang k tai quay tnh tien . Mot va i heth o ng cungatth em b o kch
hoat e kch hoat lai phan t b a o m a t sau khi vo h ieu hoahe tho n g.Mot ac iem quan
trong cuahe thong l a to c o phathien phu thuoc vaoo rong cuacong (khoang ca c h
l nnhatgia transponder v a antenna cu areader ).
Transponder 1 bit gom5 thanhphan:
- Tan so v o tuyen
- Songvi ba
- Bo chia tanso
- ie n t
- Acoustomagnet ic
2.1.1. Ta ns o vo tuye n
Tan so vo tuyen da tren mach cong hng (LC) c chnh tai tan so cong
hngxacnh fR. nhng phien ban cu,cuon ca m la m t ca c cuon day ong tra n g
men noi vim ot tu ien va cgan va omot mieng plastic (hard tag). Trong ca che
thonghien ai th cuonca m c kha c va om o ttam kim loai tren the.
Reader phatra m ottrng t v ifG 10% trong d a ita n so vo tuyen. Neu mach
LC i vao vung lan can cuatrng t,nang lng cua trng t n a y se ca m n gv a o
mach cong hngthong qua cuon day (nh luat Faraday). N eu tan so fG c u a trng
b ang vi tanso conghng fR th mach LC se sinh ra m otdao ong cong hng.D ong
ien ca m ngc sinh ra trong mach conghng chonglai s bien thien cuatrng t
a sinh ra n o ,do o g ay ra m otsut a p trong cuonphat,dan en lam suy yeu trng t.
S thay oicuaien ap ca m ng c nhan biet nhvao m otcuon da y ca m bien. V
vayma reader phathien c o m o tmach congh n gi v a ot trngcuano.
Hnh 2.2. Giithie uhoat ong cuah e thong EAS ta nso v o tuyen
S thay o i ie n a p pha p h a tv a ca ccuond ay ca m n gn o ichung l a ra tthap
nen ra t khonhan biet. Tuy nhien, s thay o i n h o n a y c u n g u e cho reader co th e
nhan dang transponder m o tca c h tin ca y . ieu nayat c bang ca c hs dung: tan so
cuatrng t c phatra k h o n g p h a ila h a n g so m a n o la ta n so quet. ieu nayco
ngha la ta n so cuab o pha tlien tu c thay o it min t imax. Khoa n gtan so n a ythng
la 8,2MHz 10%.
Ba t c khi n a o ta n so quet bang ung tan so cong hng cuamach co ng
hngtren transponder. Transponder batau dao o n g , t o sinh ra m o tsut ap pha
p h a tv a cuon daycam bien. Dung sai ta nso cu atransponder phu thuocvaodung sai cu a
n h asa nx u a t va s thay oi cuam oitrng kim loai, khongongvai tro nh l a k etq u a
c u aq u atrnh q u e tto a nbo khoangtanso .
B iv transponder khongc phepdi chuyen qua quay tnh tien cho nen chung
ca n phaib vohieu hoae khong kch hoat he thongchong trom . V iec nayc thc
hien nh sau: thiet b vo h ieu h oa at tai quay thu ngan se phatra m ot trng t u
manh e ie n a p ca m n ga nh thung tu ien cu atransponder. Tu ien c thiet ke

sao cho viec anh thung khong the thay o i ngc lai v a la m cho mach cong hng
khongthe hoat ongc dita c on gcuatn hieuquet.
Ca c antenna khung dien tch l ndu n ge p h a tra trng t ca n thiet trong vung
truy van. Antenna khung c tch h p v a o co tva c no iv ico n g . N e u co n g c ob e
rongdi2m th ta co the s dung he thongRFID tanso v o tuyen.
Hnh 2.3. Antenna khung c u ah e thong RF (cao 1,2 - 1,6 m) v a transponder

Ba n g2.1: C a ctham s o h e thong cho ca ch e thong RF
H eso phamchatQ cua phant b a oma t
> 60 80
Cng o trngv o hieuhoacc tieu HD
1,5 (A/m)
Cng o trng cc ai trong tam vo hieu 0,9 (A/m)

h o a
Ba n g2.2: D a ita ns o cua ca ch e thong b a omat k h a cnhau
Tan so (MHz)
Tan so quet(Hz)
H ethong1
H ethong2
H ethong3
H ethong4
1,86 2,18
7,44 8,73
7,30 8,70
7,40 8,60
141
141
85
85
2.1.2. S o n gviba
Ca che th on gEAS trong d a iviba s dung viectao ra ca c h a i ban gca c linh kien
co actu ye n phi tuyen (v du: diode). Ha icu am o t ien a p hnh sin A c o ta n so fA la
m o t ie n a phnh sin B v ita nso fB la so nguyen lantanso fA. Ca ch a ib a ccao cu ata n

so fA l a 2fA, 3fA, 4fA.
Mach cuatransponder 1 bit e tao ra ca c h a ira t n gian:m otdiode ien dung
c no i v im o t antenna dipole c chnh ta n so so ng mang (Hnh 2.4). Antenna
dipole ta n so 2,45GHz c o chieu daitongcongl a 6cm. Ca ctan so son gmang c dung
la 915MHz, 2,45GHz, 5,6GHz. N eu transponder nam trong tam cuaantenna phat,dong
ien trong diode se tao ra h a ic u aso n g mang, a c b ie t la ca c ha ibac 2 hay bac 3, tu y
thuocvaoloai diode c chon.
Hnh 2.4. Mach c ba nva hnh dang cu th e c u atransponder viba

Hnh 2.5 bieu dien transponder c attrong tam cuaantenna phathoat ong
ta n so 2,45GHz. Ha ib ac 2 cu asongmang c o tan so 4,9GHz c pha tla i v a c tach
b ib o thu. S xu athien h aibac2 c u atn h ie u c o th e kch hoa t hethon gba oong.
Hnh 2.5. Transponder viba nam trong vung truy v a n cu adetector
N eu song mang c ieu che ASK hay FSK th ta t ca ca ch a icu n gse c o cung
m otdang ieu che nh vay. ieu naygiupcho he thongphan biettn h ie u n h ie u v atn
h ie u c o ch, nganchan ba oongsai do ca ctn hieu ben n goaitacon gva o .
v du tren, song mang c ieu che ASK v i tn hieu 1kHz tn hieu
nhan c b o thu c giaiieu che ro ia en bo ta chso n g 1kHz. Tn hieu nhieu
xuat hien ta n so 4,9GHz khong the kch hoat bao ong sai v chungth n g khong
c ie u c h e v a n e u co th chungse c o m o tca c hieu chekha c .
2.1.3. B o chia ta ns o
H e th o ng na yh oat ong v i bc
son g d ait 100 -135,5kHz. Transponder gom
c o m o t vi m ach va m otcuon day conghngbang ongtrang men. Mach conghng
c han vitu e cong hng tai tan so hoat ong cuahe thong. Nhng transponder
n a yco thela mbang plastic va c o th e la yi khi han gho ac mua.
Hnh 2.6. S o mach ienv a hoa t o ng cu aEAS s dung bo chia ta nso

Vi mach trong transponder nhan nang lng t trng t cu a thiet b an ninh
(Security device). Tan so cuon t ca m c chia 2 bang vi mach v a c g ingc
tr lai thietb an ninh. Tn hieu nayhoitiep vebang m otdayre n h a n h e n c u o nda y .
Ba n g2.3: C a cthon g s o c ba ncu ahe tho n g
Tan so
130kHz
K ieuieuche
100% ASK
Tan so ieuche/tn hieu ieuche
12,5Hz hay 25Hz
Trng t c u a transponder xung m o t t a n so thap (ieu che ASK) e ca i thie n

to c o n h a n dang. Tng t nh nhan dang bang ca c hai, viec ieu che song mang
(ASK hay FSK) c duy tr ph an n a tan so ph a t (subharmics). No c dung
e phan biet gia nhieu va tn h ie u c o ch. Antenna khung c du n g la m antenna
cam bien.
2.1.4. Transponder trng ie n t
Transponder trng ien t s dung t trng mach trong khoang NF t 10Hz
en 20Hz. Transponder cha m otdaikim lo a i t tnh de bien dang d ita c o n g c u a
ngoai lc. S t h o a c u a n h n g d a ikim loai nay thng c lap lai theo chu k y v a
chung se b bao hoa cua trng t n h v a o mo t t trng manh. Moi quan h e
khong tuyentnh cuac n g o trngH v a thonglng ca m n gt B ga n b aoho acon g
v is thay o ic u aca m n g t B la n ca n cuaiem zero c u ac n g o trng t H,
phatsinh ra ca c h a i t a n so c b a n c u a transponder. N h n g ha in a y c o th e c n h an
v a c clung b itransponder.
Transponder trng ien t c to i u hoa bang ca c h then va o nhng thanh
phantn h ie u c o ta n so cao hn tn hieu chnh. Ngoa inhnghaicuatan so chnh, c o nco
them ca c ta n so tonghay hieu cu aca ctn h ie u acung ca p .G ias tn hieu chnh c o ta n
so fS = 20Hz v a cac tn hieu them vaof1 = 3,5kHz v a f2 = 5,3kHz th nhngtn hieu sau
a y c pha tra:
f1 + f2 = f1+2 = 8,8kHz
f1 f2 = f1-2 = 1,8kHz
fS + f1 = fS-1 = 3,52kHz
Transponder khong p hannglai vi haicuatan so c b a nnhng la i b ta c ong
b ita nso tonghay h ieucu aca ctn hieuthem vao.
Ca c transponder n a y dang ca c da ib ang dnh c o chieu daikhoang ca c h t v a i
cm en 20cm. Do ta n so hoat ongcc thap,ca c he thongtrng ien t c h thch hp
v inhngsa np h am co ch akim loai. Tuy nhien, nhnghe thong nayc o khuyetiem
la h o at o n gc u atransponder phu thuocvaov tr: e q u a trnh nhandang l a tin ca y th

trngt c u atransponder phainamdoc xuyenqua ca cd a ikim loai.
Hnh 2.7. Antenna c u ah e thong RFID ient (cao 1.40 m) v a transponder

e vo hie u h oa ,transponder c khoaclen hay phum otphan bang nhng tam
kim lo ai t c n g . quay thu ngan,nginhan vien chay m o tnam cha m vnh cudoc
theo tam kim loai e vo hieu hoatransponder. V iec la m nayse t h o a n h n g ta kim
m
loai che ph u .Ca c d a ikim loai c thiet ke sao cho o t d cuanhng tam kim loai
thuan tien cho nh n g dai kim loai de bien dang n a y iem bao h ao nham lam cho
tr ng t cuahethongan ninh khongtheb kch hoat c n a.
Transponder c o th e kch hoat tr lai b a t c th iem
i
naobang quatrnh ta it
hoa.Qua trnh n a y c o th e thc hien viso lan khong han che. Do nhng transponder
n h o v a re tien, nhnghe thong na yba y gic s dung ngayca n g nhieu trong cong
nghiep.
e at c o m anh trng ca n thiet cho q u atrnh ta it h o a ca c d a ikim loai,
trngc phatra bang he thong2 cuon da y tren ca c c o t lo ii. Va icuondayrieng,
th n g la t 9 en 12, nam tren 2 cotva chung phatra trng t y e u trung ta m v a
manh hn oivitrng t ben ngoai. orong cuacong len en 1,5m c o th e thc
hienbangca c hna ytrong khi to c o nha n dang a t c bang70%.
2.2. He thong song cong va b an song cong

Tra iv ica c transponder 1 bit thngkhai th a cn h n g h ie u n gv a t ly n gian
cho q ua trnh nhan dang, ca c transponder d i ay s dung m o t vi mach lam thiet b
mang d lieu. N o c o mo t vunglu tr d lieu len t iv a ikByte. e oc hay ghi d lie u
va othiet b mang d lieu n a yth phaithc hienviectruyen d lieu giatransponder v a
reader. Viectruyen d lieu na yc o th e la song cong hoacbansong conghay tuant
Trong truyen bansong co n g : d lieu t transponder en reader c truyen xen
ke vid lieu t reader en transponder. tan so d i30MHz, he thong thng s
dung phng phapload modulator c o hay khongc o so ngmang phu eieu ched lieu.
Trong truyen song co n g :d lieu t transponder va reader c o the rtuyen cungm ot
lu c.
Tuy nhien, ca 2 phng pha p eu phaitruyen nang lng lien tuc t reader en
rransponder v a o cla p v ihngtruyen luongd lieu. Tra ilai trong ca che thon gtuan
t (SEQ: Sequential system), viec truyen nang lng t transponder en reader c
giihan trong m otchu k y th igian. D lieu truyen t transponder en reader xuathien
trong nhngkhoangdngcu anang lngcung ca pcho transponder.
Hnh 2.8. Truyend lie utrong he tho n gsong cong, ba nsong cong va tu an t
Trong Hnh 2.8, d lieu c truyen t reader en transponder theo ng
downlink. Ngc lai, d lieu truyen t transponder enreader theo ng uplink.
2.2.1. Ghepca m n g
Cung ca pnang lng cho transponder thu o n g
Mot transponder ghep ca m n g bao gom m ot thiet b mang d lieu , th n g la
m o tvi mach v a m otcuoncam ongvai tro c u am o tantenna.
Ca c transponder ghep ca m nghau nh eu hoat ong thu ongcongha la ta t
ca ca c nang lng ca n thiet cho hoat ongcuavi mach c cung ca p t reader. V vay
m a cuon da y antenna cu a reader phatra m otien trng cao ta n v a manh e lo t va o
m atca tva d ie n tch xung quanh cuon daytransponder. Do bcso n gc ua tanso s dung
(<135kHz: 2.540 m, 13,56MHz: 22,1 m) trong m o tso trnghp c o th e l hn
n khoang
ca c hgiaantenna c u areader v a transponder, trng ien t c o the c xem nh m o t
trng t.
Hnh 2.9. Nang lng cung ca pcho transponder tho n gqua t tr ng pha tra cu areader
Mot phan nhon an g l n gn a ylo t vaoantenna cu atransponder sinh ra m o tien
th e ca m n gUi. ien the nayc ch nh lu va s dung nh la n g u o n cung ca p cho vi
mach. Tu Cr cun g v i cuo n ca m cu a antenna phat tao thanh mach cong hng,
quyet nh ta nso hoat ongcuareader.
Cuon day antenna v a tu C1 cu a transponder cung tao thanh m ot mach cong
hngtng n gv itan so phatra cu areader. ien the U c u atransponder at cc ai
n h v a os gia tang cong hngcuam ach conghng.Hai cuonday co the c xem
nh la nh la m o t b ie n a p m a trong trng hp m a ch com o t lien ke t ra t yeu gia

chung.
Truye nd lie ut transponder enreader
Load moudulation: ca c he thongghepca m ngeu da tren m otloai ghepbien
a p (Transformer-type coupling) gia cuon s ca p trong reader va cuon th ca p trong
transponder namtrong trngga ncu aantenna phat.
N eu m ottransponder cong hng(cha n ghan nh m ottransponder c o mo tmach
cong hng ng vitan so truyen i c u a reader) nam trong trng t c u a reader th
transponder se lay nang lng t th o n g t o. K et qua h oi tiep cu a transponder tre n
antenna c u areader c o th e tng trng cho tr khang ZT c u ab ie n a ptrong cuonday c ua
reader. ongm m o tien tr ta ita i antenna c ua transponder se gay ra s thay o itr
khangcuaZT v a nh v ay se lamthay o i ie n a p antenna cu areader. ie u n a yc o ta c
dung nh la ie u c h e b ie n o c u a ie n a pUL cu aantenna reader b im o ttransponder
xa.
N eu viec ong khoa c ieu khienbiluong dlie u th d lieu n a y co th e c
truyen i t transponder en reader. Loai truyen dlieu nh va y c o th e goi la Load
modulation.
e kh oiph uc d lieu cu a reader, ien a p antenna cu areader c chnh lu.
V iecna ygiongnh gia iieu ch em o ttn hieuieu bien.
Hnh 2.10. Truyend lie ubang load modulation t transponder e nreader
Load modulation so n g mang phu: do lien ket yeu gia antenna c u a reader v a
transponder, ie n a pdao ongtren antenna cu areader c xem nh la tn h ie u c o ch
c o b ie n o n h o hn ie n a p n g o ra cu areade r.
Trong th c te, v ihe th on g 13,56MHz, g ia s antenna c o ie n a p x ap x 100V
(ien a pta n g theo conghng), m ot tn h ie u c o ch thay oi trong khoang 10mV c
mong i (S/N=80 dB). Do viec nhan biet s thay o i ie n a p n h o n a y ca n m o tmach
ien vocungphctap nen phocuatn hieuieuche c tao ra b iq u a trnh ieu bien
ie na pc u aantenna c s dung.
N euientr ta itren transponder c ongm ta n so fS ra tcao th 2 vach pho
c tao ra khoangcach fS xung quanh tan so truyen fReader cu areader v a c h u n gc o
th e tachra de dang(tuy nhien fS ph ainh ohn fReader). Trong th u a t n g c u ak y th u a t v o
tuyen,nhngthanhpha n na ycu ata nso c goi la so n gmang phu (Subcarrier).
Load moulation v iso n g mang phu tao ra 2 pho antenna c u a reader. Nhng
p h o n a yc o th e c ta chra t m o ttn hieu manh hn cu areader bangbo loc thongdai.
Mot khi no c khuech ai, tn hieu song mang phu c giaiieu che het s c n
gian.
Do o rong cuabang thong ca n thiet e truyen m ot song mang phu, phng
phap n a y ch d u n g trong khoang tan so ISM (thng l a 6,78MHz, 13,56MHz,
27,125MHz).
Hnh 2.11. Pho cuaieuchesong mang phu
Phng phapha iph u (Subharmonic): haiphu cua

m ottn hieu hnh sin bien o A
c o ta n so l a fA la m o ttn hieu hnh sin c o b ie n o B, ta n so fB bang vim ottrong nhng
g ia tr sau : fA/2, fA/3, fA/4.
Trong nhngphng phap haiphu, tanso fB c o c b a n g ca c hla y tan so fA do
reader phati chia cho 2. Tn hie u n g o ra fB c ua m o tb o chia nh phan c ieuche v i
lu o n g d lieu t transponder. Tn h ie u aieu che sau o c ho itiep ve antenna c u a
transponder thongqua m otbo lai.Thng ngita s dung tan so fA = 128kHz v a tan
so fB = 64kHz.
Hnh 2.12. S o ma ch cuatransponder ha iphu

Antenna cu atransponder g o m co m o tc u o n da y v im o tvan trung tam .a y cung
la ni nang lng c cung ca p la y t iem cu o i. Tn hieu quay v e c u a transponder
c hoitiep vaocuonth 2.
2.2.2. Ghep ien t ta nxa lu i
Cung ca pnang lng cho transponder
Ca ch ethongRFID co khoangcach giareader v a transponder l nhn 1 m c
g o i la h e th o n g c o khoang ca c hd a i(long range). N hnghe thongnayhoat ong ta n
so 868MHz (Europe) v a 915MHz (USA), t a nso vi ba 2,5GHz v a 5,8GHz. Bc so ng
ngan cuanhngda itan n a yph u h p v ica u tru ccu aantenna c o kch th c nh ov a hieu
suatcao hn khi s dung t a n so d i30MHz.
e c o th e truy xuatnang lng c o sa ncho hoat ongcuam ottransponder chung
ta ph atnh suy hao ngtruyen trong khonggian t do F :
F = -146.7 + 20 log( r ) + 20 log(f) 10 log(GT) -10 log(GR)
(2.1)
Trong o :
r
: khoangca c ht reader entransponder.
GT, GR : o l i cu aantenna transponder v a reade r.

f
: ta nso phatcuareader.
Ba n g2.4: Suy hao ng truye n trong khong gian t do n gv inh n gta nso k h a c
nhau (o li cu aantenna transponder la 1,64, cu aantenna reader la 1)
Khoa n gca c hr
868 MHz
915 MHz
2.45 GHz
0,3 m
18,6 dB
19,0 db
27,6 dB
1m
29,0 dB
29,5 dB
38,0 dB
3m
38,6 dB
39,0 dB
47,6 dB
10 m
49,0 dB
49,5 dB
58,0 dB
V ik y th u a t sa nxuat hien nay, nhngcon chip trong transponder ch tieu thu

m o t lung cong suat khong l n 5W. e hoat ong c khoang ca c h 15m,
transponder ta n xa lu ith ng co m o tnguo n pin e cung ca p nang lng cho chip. e
tie t kiem pin, vi mach thngc o c h e o power down hay stand by. N eu di chuyen
ra khoivungtruy van cu areader th chip t ongchuyen sang c he o power down.
trang thainaydongien trong mach khoangva i A. Chip khong kch hoat tr lai cho
en khi m o ttn h ie u u manh c nhan trong khoang oc cuareader. Lu c n a y n o se
chuyen khoasang c he o hoat ong bnh thng. Tuy nhien, pin cu a m o t transponder
chuong khong bao g i cung ca p nang lng e truyen d lieu gia transponder v a
reader nhng c h cung ca p nang lng rieng cho chip. D lieu truyen i gia
transponder v a reader ch s dung duy nhatv ao nang lng cuatrng ien t p h a t ra
t reader.
Truye nd lieu e nreader

Modulated reflection cross-section: chungta biet la songien t p h a n x a la i v i
n h n g v a t th e co kch thc ln
hn m otna chieu daibcsong. Hieu suat phan xa
song ien t c u a m o t va t th e c go ila s phan xa m at ca t ngang (reflection crosssection). Ca cvat th e co ng h nvi
g so n g ta c on g v ao be m at cu a chung gio n g nh
trnghp cuaantenna t a n so tng ng.
Hnh 2.13. Hoa t o ng cu atransponder ta nx a lu i

Goi P1 l a congsuat phat ra t antenna cu areader, m otlng nhocongsuat n ay
se en c antenna c ua transponder. P1 l a cong suat cung ca p cho antenna didang
ie n a pHF, sau khi c chnhlu bang diode D1 v a D2 th n o th e c s dung nh la
ie n a pturn-on cho viec v o hieu hoahay kch hoat che o power down. Ca cdiode
a y la ca c diode Schottky co n g ng ien ap thap . ien a p co c u e cung ca p
nanglng cho khoa n gca c hnga n .
Goi P2 la congsuat phan xa lai tai antenna n gv icongsuat en antenna la P1.
a c tnh phanxa cuaantenna c o the b tacong do s thay o ita ik e t n o iv iantenn a.
e p h a td lieu t transponder en reader, ien tr RL m acsong song v iantenna c
on gm u n glucv iluo n g d lieu. Bien o cu atn hieu phanxa tai transponder c o
thec ieuche(ieu cheta nxa lu i).
2.2.3. Ghepga n
H e thong ghep gan c thiet ke cho khoang cach t 0,1cm e n to ia l a 1cm.

transponder c chen vaotrong reader ho ac at vao trong be m at anh dau e hoat
ong.
Hnh 2.14. Transponder ghep ga nc a v ao trong reader

a transponder v a otrong reader sao cho cuonca m c u an o n a m u n gv tr trong
khe khong kh. Reader la c u o n s ca p v a transponder la c u o n th ca p tao thanh m ot
bien ap .Mo t do n gien cao tan bien thien trong cuons ca p phatra m ottrng t cao
ta n trong lo i, khe khongkh cuonca m cu atransponder. Tn hieu nayc ch nhlu ro i
d u nge cung ca pnang lng cho chip.
Do ie n a p ca m n g U trong cuon ca m c u a transponder t le v i ta n so f cu a
dong ien kch thch nen tan so c chon e truyen nang lng cang cao ca n g
to t. Trong thc te, tan so trong khoang t 1-10MHz thngc s dung. e g i cho
suy hao trong b ie na pth a pth lo iferrite phaiphuhp v ita nso c chon.
Kha c vi he thong ghep ca m n g hay viba, hieu suat truyen t reader en
transponder ra t cao. Do o h e th o n g g h e p g a n la m o t la chon ra t to tcho nhngchip
tieu thu nanglng nhie u .Chnh v l y do n a yma nhngtheghepganeu co c h avi x
ly .
Truye nd lieu t transponder enreader
G h e p t :load modulation v iso ng mang phu cungc dunge truyen d lie u
trong g h e p t t transponder en reader trong he thong ghep gan. Tan so so ng mang
p h u v a qua trnh ieu chec qui nh trong ISO 10536.
2.2.4. Ghepie n
Cung ca pnang lng cho transponder thu o n g
V ica che thongghep ien, reader phatra m ottrng ien cao tan k h a manh.
Antenna cu areader c o m o t b a
kim
n loai dien tch l nv a dan ien (ien cc). N eu m ot
ien the cao tan c a tvao iencc, m otien trng cao tan c hnh thanh gia
ien cc va iem at. ien th en a ytrong khoang vaitram en vainganvolt c phat
ra t reader bang ca c htang ien the trong m ach conghnglam t cuon L 1 m ac song
song v itu C1 v a tu kch hoat CR-GND gia ien cc va at. Tan so cong hng cua
mach conghngbang v ita nso truyen cuareader.
Antenna cu atransponder la 2 day dan nam
tren ien cc. N eu transponder nam
trong ien trng cuareader th m ot ien these sinh ra gia2 cc cuano . ienthe n a y
c dunge cung ca p cho chip c u atransponder.
Hnh 2.15. He tho n gghep iens dung ie ntrng e truyen nang lng v a d lie u
Khi m ottu ien c kch hoat th ca tu CR-T gia transponder v a antenna phat
v itu CT-GND gia antenna c u a transponder v a iem a t tng ng v is o mach
cu am otlien ket ien va co th e c xem nh la m o tb o chia the n gian.D ongien
chay tren bem atiencc cu atransponder l a ra tnh o .
Hnh 2.16. S o mach tng ng cu ah e thong RFID ghep ien

N eu m ottransponder lien ket iennam trong vung truy van cuareader, ien tr
v a oRL c u a n o hoat ong nhvaom ach conghng cuareader thongqua tu kch hoat
CR-T giareader v a ien c c cu atransponder, lam suy giammach cong hngt t .S
suy giamna yco the c chuyen mach gia2 g ia tr bangca c hta tm ta iieu cheRmod
c u a transponder. T o, m o t tn hieu ieu bien c phat ra mach L 1 v a C1 b i
transponder xa o n gth id lieu s e c truyen enreader.
2.2.5. Truye n d lieu t reader entransponder
N o ichung th ta tca nh n gk ythuatieu che so eu c s dung e truyen d
lieu t reader en transponder v ih e th o n g song co n g v a b a nsong cong. Ba t chap tan
so hoat onghay phng phaplien ket.Do tnh n g ia ncu aq u atrnh gia iieu che, a
phanca chethon geus dung k y thuatieu cheASK.
2.3. He thong tu an t
Neu rtuyen d lieu v a nang lng t reader en thiet b mang d lieu ro i sau o
d lieu se c truyen ngc t transponder en reader th chungta goi ayla h e thong
tu ant SEQ.
2.3.1. Ghepca m n g
Ca che th on g tu an t s dung lien ket t hoat ong rieng ta n so d i135kHz.
Mot m aybien the loai lien ket c tao ra g ia cuon da y cuareader v a cu o n d a y cu a
transponder. ie n a pca m ngphatra trong cuonca m c u atransponder do ta c o n gcu a

trngbienthien t reader c chnhlu v a s dung trong mach.
e nang cao hieu suat truyen d lieu, tan so hoat on g cu a transponder phai
chnh x a cv ireader v a cha tlng cuacuonca m c u atransponder phaithatphuhp. V
l y do n a y m a transponder c o m ottu ien tren chip e b u cho dung sai c u amach co ng
hng.
Tuy nhien, khong giong nh he tho ng song co n g v a b a n song cong, he thong
tu an t, bophatcuareader khonghoat ong mo tca c hlien tuc. Nang lng truyen en
m ayphattrong suot qua trnh nap cho tu e cung ca p motnang lng lu tr .Chip c u a
transponder c chuyen sang c h e o hoat ong tie t kiem nang lng trong suo t qua
trnh hoat ong.Ha u nh nang lng nhan c eu s dung e nap cho tu nap. Sau
m o tchu k y c o nh, maypha tc u areader c tat.
Nang lng tch tr trong transponder c du n ge g im otth on giep aplai
cho reader. iendung nhon hatcu atu nap co the c tnh t congthc:
C=
Q
U
I .t
[Vmax Vmin ]
(2.2)
Trong o :
Vmin, Vmax : lan h n ggia tr giihan cho ien ap hoat ongkhong qua m ccho
phep.
I: la dongtieuthu cuachip trong suotth igian hoat ong.
t: th igian ca n thiet e truyen d lieu t transponder enreader.
Trong ca chethongtuant, m otchu k y o c g o m c o 2 pha, pha nap v a pha oc.
Hnh 2.17. S o kho ic ua transponder tu a n t s dung ghep ca m ng
Hnh 2.18. S o ie na pc u a tu nap

Cuoi pha nap c ta ch b im o t b o end of burts detector. Bo nay giam sa t s
thay o i ie n a ptren cuon ca m cu atransponder, t o n h a n b ie tngay khi t trng cua
reader b ta t. cuoipha n a p , m o tb o dao ongon chip c kch hoat. Bo dao ongnay
s dung mach cong hngnhvaocuon ca m cu atransponder nh la thanh phan nhan
dang tan so .Cu on ca m cu atransponder phatra m ottrng t ye u . Reader c o th e nhan
c trngt na y.Trng na yca ithien t so S/N tang len m otlng khoang20 dB so
v ih e thongsong cong/bansong cong.
Tan so truyen cua transponder bang vitan so cong hng cua cuon ca m cu a
transponder. Tan so n ay c hieu ch nh lai cho giong vitan so truyen i cu areader
khi n o c phat.
e c o th e ie u c h e tn hieu HF phatra trong khi khongc o nang lng cung ca p ,

m ottuc ien c m acsong song v imach conghngunglu cv i luong d lieu. K et
q u a la ta o ra c 2 tn hieu FSK.
Sau khi toan bo dlieu c pha t,ch e o x a c kch hoat e x atoan b o tu
nap. ieu o a m b a oan toancho qua trnh reset nguon auchu k y nap k e tiep .

chng 1 chungta a e ca pen th e RFID (RFID Tag, Transponder - b o phat
ap),qua o e c o ca inhn s bo ve thiet b mang d lieu. Chng n a yto ise i sa u chi
tie tv eth ietb mang d lieu.
Trong he tho ng RFID, c o 2 loai thiet b mang d lieu ien t :m ot loai la ca c
mach ien tch hp (vi mach) va m otloai mang d lieu da vaoca c ta c o n g v a t ly e
lu d lieu. Ca ctransponder 1 bit thuo cve lo ai th2. Thiet b mang d lieu ien t c o n
c phan thanh:mang d lieu vibo nhsach v a mang d lieu kethp vim otbo vi
x ly la ptrnh c.
Hnh 3.1. S o pha nloai ca cthie tb mang d lieu dung trong RFID
3.1. Transponder co b o nh
Transponder c o b o n h g o m t loai n g ia n la transponder c h oc en loai
high-end transponder co ch cn an g b ao mat th on g minh. Transponder c o b o n h g om
co:
- RAM
- ROM
- EEPROM
- FRAM
- Mach HF: e cung ca p nang lng v a cho phep truyen thongv ireader.
a c iem chuyeu e phan bietho cuatransponder la s thc hien address and security
logic tren chip bangcach s dung m ottrang thaim ay(state machine).
Hnh 3.2. S o kho ic u atranpsonder c o bo nh

3.1.1. Giao tie pHF
Mach HF la ni giao tiep giatn hieu analog, kenh truyen cao ta n t reader en
transponder v a mach so c u a transponder. Cho nen mach HF thc hien chcnang cua
m o tmodem (modulator-demodulator) co ien dunge truyen d lieu analog thongqua
ngdayienthoai.
Tn hieu HF a ie u c h e t reader c khoiphuc trong mach HF bangcach giai
ieu che e tao ra m o tlu o n gd lieu nh phan.Luong d lieu nayc x ly la i trong
b o address and security logic. Mo t mach ien ph a tra xung clock c la y t so n gmang
cuatrngHF e truyen d lieu.
Hnh 3.3. S o kho ic u amo tmach HF c u atransponder lie nk e tc a m n gv ibo load

modulator
Mach HF lien ket v i m otb o ieu ch e load modulation hay b o ieu che ta nxa
lu i c ie ukh ie n b id lieu nhphanang tru yen e tra la i d lieu cho reader.
Transponder thu ong, transponder k h o n g co nguon rieng c cung ca p nang
lng thongqua HF c ua reader. e at c ieu nay,mach HF la y d o n g t antenna
c u atransponder sau o c h n h lu (rectifier) cung ca p cho chip nh m ot n gu o n a pthong
thng.
3.1.2. Address and security logic
Address and security logic l a trung tam cuathiet b mang d lieu va ieu khien
ta tc a ca cq u atrnh x ly tren chip.
Hnh 3.4. S o kho icu aAddress and Security logic

- Power on logic: a m b aothiet b mang d lieu ca m nhan trang tha im ac nh
sau khi n o nhanm otnang lng ay u khi xamnhapva otrngHF c u areader.
- Nhngthanh ghi acbietI/O: thc hientrao o id lieu v ireader.
- n v bao m at (Cryptological unit): c o nhiem vu thc hien thu tuc xac
nhan, m a tm ahoa d lieu v a qua nly k h o a (key).
- Bo n h d lieu bao gom : m otROM du n g e lu d lieu c o nh (cha n ghan nh
ca c so seri), EEPROM hay FRAM c n o iv ib oaddress and security logic thongqua
bus a c h v a bus data ben trong chip.
- Xung clock: ra t ca n thiet cho v iec ieukhien tu an t v a o ngb o he thong.

Xung nay clayt trngHF nhvaom ach HF v a cung ca p cho module address and
security logic.
- Mo t trang thaim ay:la m ottra t t du n ge th c thi ca c hoat onglogic m a c o
khanang lu tr ca cbien trang thai.V iecieukhien trang thaiphu thuoc va o ta tc a ca c
qui trnh c thc hien bim ottrang thaim ay.Tuy nhien,trnh t la p trnh cu anhng
m ay nay c x ac nh khi thiet ke chip. Ch c nang na y ch c o th e b thay o i khi
chnh s alai viec thietke chip v a v ie c la m na y c h can thiet khi thiet ke ca csa npha m
m i.
3.1.3. C autru cb o n h
Transponder ch oc
Loai transponder tieu bieu cho he th on g RFID low-end. Ngay khi transponder
ch oc v aovungtruy va n cu a reader, n o b a t a u truyen lien tiep so ID cu a mnh. S o
nhan dang naythngdaikhoang vaibyte. Nha sa n xu at phaibaoa m la m o i so seri
n a yla duy nha t .N h n gm aphctap hn th c o them nhngchcnanga cbiet khac.
Hnh 3.5. S o kho ic u amo ttransponder c h oc
S o nhan dan g duy nhatcu atransponder tch hp vaotrong transponder trong qu a

trnh sa n xuat chip. User khong the thay o i so seri nay cungnh b at k y d lieu n ao
tren chip.
Trong hnh tren, khi transponder v a ovungtruy van cuareader, m o tb o e mba t
au truy v an tu a n t ta t ca ca c a ch trong b o n h (PROM). D lieu au ra c u a b o
n h c noivim otbo ieu che load modulator. Toan bo noidung cu a b o n h (128bit so seri) c o the c pha ti theo chu k y nh la m otluongd lieu no itiep.
Qua trnh trao oithongtin v ireader la m ot chieu ngha l a transponder c h g i
so nhan dang c u an o cho reader m ath oi. Viectruyen d lieu t reader en transponder
khong thc hien c. Tuy nhien, do s n gia n cuathiet b mang d lieu va reader,
nhngtransponder ch oc co giath a nhthap.
Transponder ch oc dung trong nhng n gdung ve giacuahanghoam akhong
o ih o ip h a ilu d lieu cho transponder. Trc ay,loai transponder n ay d u ng e nhan
dang gia su c , ieu khie n truy xuat va nhng qu a trnh cong nghiep t o ng vim o t
trung tam quan ly d lieu.
Transponder ghi c
Nhngtransponder cho phep reader ghi d lieu v a o c o dung lng b o n h t
1byte en64KByte (transponder viba c o SRAM).
Qua trnh o c va ghi va otransponder thngla theo ca c kho i.Mot kh oi ch aso
seri a c bien dch va sau o c o th e o c hay ghi nh m ot n v rieng biet. e thay
o in o idung d lieu c ua m otkho i,au tien to anbokh oip hai c oc t transponder,
sau o khoinayc sa la i v a ghi tr lai transponder.
N hng he thong hien nay s dung khoi kch thc 16bits, 4bytes hay 16bytes.
Cau tru ck h o ic u ab o n h p h a ithuantien cho a ch c u achip v a c u areader.
Transponder co ch cn an gb a oma t
N eu m ot transponder co kha nang ghi nhng khong c bao ve th ta t ca cac
reader n a o cu acu n gmo t he tho ng RFID o cun g co the o c hay ghi n o . ie u n a y la
khong cha p nhan c, n h a t la n h n g n gdung nhay ca m c o th e b p h a hoai do q ua

trnh o c v a ghi khonghp phapva otransponder.
Co nhieu nhieu bien phap e nganngam otngi khongphaila c h u s h uth e
truy xuat t i m o ttransponder. Mot trong nhng k y thuatn gia n n ha t la b a o v e q u a
trnh oc ghi bang ca c h kiem tra password. Trong phng p hap na y, th e se so sa n h
password a p h a ti v im o tpassword c lu tr e o ich ie u v acho pheptruy xuat
e n b onh d lieu neunh password hp le .
Tuy nhien, neu viec kiem tra c h u s huc thc hien hoacca n phaikiem tra
ca 2 thanh phan thuoccung m otngdung th thutuc xacnhan c s dun g. Mo t th u
tuc xac nhan thng lien quan en m ot phep so sanh 2 khoa b m at. Ca c khoa n a y
khongc phati thongqua giao tiep. Th u tuc xacnhan thngc kethp viqua
trnh m a tm a h o a(encrytion) lu o n g d lieu c phati. Phng ph apnaycho hieu qua
b a o v e cao, chonglai c nhngy o la y ca p d lieu ang truyen i bang ca c h giam
sa tgiao tiep khongdaybang ca c hs dung maythu v o tuyen.
Hnh 3.6. S o kho ic u amo ttransponder ghi c co ch cnang ba omat e thc h ie n

x a cnha ngi atransponder v a reader
Hn n a, transponder c o c h cn a n g ba o m atluon c o m o tb o n h d tr e lu tr
nhng khoa b m a t v a m o t thanh ghi ca u hnh configuration register (access registe r,
Acc) e la chon vunga ch c ghi na oca n b a ov e .Khoa b m atc nhasa nxuat
ghi v a o b o n h k h o a (key memory) trc khi transponder c trao cho user. V l y do
b a oma t ,b o nh k h o ak h o ngth e o c c.
Kha i niem v e ca p bac cua kh o a: m o t so h e thong cho phep la chon lu tr 2
khoarieng biet, khoaA v a khoa B, e cung ca pquyen truy xuatkhacnhau. T h utuc xa c
nhan giatransponder va reader c o th e c th c h ie n b ik h o a A v a B. V iec ca p p h at
quyen truy xuat (Access right Acc) khacnhau cho 2 kh oa co th e c n h ngha m c
o b a oma tcho m o t n gdung.
Hnh 3.7. Transponder co 2 bo nh khoa e capquyen truy xua tkh a cnhau

Trong hnh tren, transponder keth p vi2 b o nh khoac x acnh trc bi
2 khoaA v a B. Quyen truy xuatdo reader phatra sau khi thutuc xacnhan thanhco ng
phu thuoc vaoquatrnh ca i at. Qua trnh nayc la chon transponder (thanh ghi
truy xuat:Access Register) cho nhngkhoa a c s dung.
Reader1 c h s h ukh o a A. Sau khi xacnhan thanh cong,nhngca i a t c
la chon trong thanh ghi truy xuat(Acc) c h cho p h e p n o o c t b o n h cu atransponder.
Reader2 s hukho aB. Sau khi xacnhanthanhcongbangkhoa B, nhng ca i a tc
la chon trong thanh ghi Acc cho p h e p n o ghi va ob o n h cu atransponder cungnh no

oc.
Phanoan bo nh
Ca c transponder cungc bao ve t q u a trnh truy x ua t b ireader, tu y thuoc
vaongdung s dung ca cthu tucx ac nhan na o. V inhngtransponder c o dung lng
b o n h l n ,ch u n gta c o th e chia bonhthanh nhngn v n h o go i la segment v aba o
ve chung bangnhngkhoa rieng biet. Mot transponder c o b o nh b phan oan cho
p h e pd lieu t nhngng dung khacnhau c lu tr rieng bie t.
Hnh 3.8. Mo ttransponder c o th e dung cho nhie u ng dung

bang cachpha noan bo nh c u ano
Truy xuat en m ot segment c h c o th e thc hien c sau khi kiem tra thanh
congkhoaba ov e tng n g.Cho nen m otreader cuam otngdung c h c o th e truy xuat
t in h n gsegment c u an o n e u n o bietnhngkhoarieng cuangdung o.
a so ca csegment c u ab o nh h e th o n gc o kch thcxacnh. Trong n h n gh e
thongnay,user khong th e thay oi khonggian lu tr cu am o tsegment. Kch th cc o
nh cuam otsegment c o u iem la n o ra tn g ia nv a re tien nhvaoca cvi m ach cua
transponder.
Tuy nhien m otngdung cungra th iem o iho ikho ng gian lu tr bang v ikch
th ccu asegment. V inhngngdung nho,khong gian lu tr tren transponder c
s dung ra tlangph v ca c segment ch c s dung motphan. nhngngdung ln

th ca n phais dung e n v a isegment. ieu n ay c o ngha l a khoa cua ngdung phai
c lu tr tren m oisegment.
Mot ca c hto iu e s dung b o n h la s dung nhngsegment c o chieu daithay
oi.Bo nhphan phoicho m otsegment tuythuoc vao yeu ca u c u at ng ngdung. Do
s khokhan trong viec thc hien segment c o kch thcthay o i, n e n n o se khong s
dung cho transponder c o trang thainay.
Hnh 3.9. S kha cnhau giasegment c o n h v a segment t do
3.2. Bo vi x l y
Nhngtransponder c o b o vi x ly n g a y ca n gc s dung nhieutrong th ethong
minh. e ca i thien o linh ong cu a trang thaim ay,transponder trong nhng the n ay
c k e th p v ib o vi x ly .
Hnh 3.10. S o kho ic ua m o ttransponder c o dung bo vi x ly

N hngbovi x ly nh 8051 hay 6850 c s d u n g la trung tam cuachip. Hn
n a, m o t v anih a sa n xuat ang cung ca p m o t b o o n g x ly (cryptological unit) tren
cu n gm o tchip. N o cho phepthc hientnh to anla plai ca n thiet cho th u tuc ma tm a .
N hngthethongminh co b o vi x ly thn gketh p v ih e ieu hanhrieng cua

chung.N hiem vu cuahe ie u h a n hla trao o id lieu qua lai v ith eth on gminh, ieu
khienchuoilenh,quanly file v a th c thi ca c g iai thuatbao m at(cha n ghan nh m a tm a
h o a,thutuc xacnhan).
Ca c module chng trnh c ghi v a o ROM va c tch hp vaochip lu csa n
xuatchip. Thong thng m otlenh c he ieu hanhx ly theo nhngbcsau: nhng
le n h g it reader en the thong minh khong tiep xucc nhan thong qua mach HF.
Kie m tra loi v a s alo ic thc hienb ib o quan l y I/O. Lenh b lo ic g ia im ahoa c
kiem tra lo i. Sau khi gia im at m a,m otlenh bien dch ca p cao hn se gia im a len h o .
N eu khong giaim ac th b o p h a n q u a n ly ma tra ve c goi. Bo phan nayphatra
m a tra v e tng n g v ag i n o tr lai reader thong qua bo phan quan l y I/O (I/O
manager).
Hnh 3.11. Qua trnh x l y le n htrong h e ie uhanh th e tho n gminh

N eu nhan c m otlenh hp le,m achng trnh thc s cungvilenh cua ng
dung nay c thc thi. Viec truy x uat en d lieu cua ngdung trong EEPROM c h
c he thongquanl y file v a q u a nly b o n h thi hanh.Chung se chuyen oitatca a
ch th anh a ch vatl y tng n gc u ab o n h .Bo p h a n q u a nlyfile cungkiem tra ieu

kientruy xuat(th u tuc xacnhan)cho d lieu.
3.2.1. The co hai giao tie p
Th trng truyen thongcuathethongminh tiep xu cla nhngngdung trong chi
tra tien va ien thoai di ong (SIM card cho he th o ng di ong GSM), nhng ngdung
ca n c o b a o m a t trong qu a trnh x ly v a truyen d lieu . K et q ua ca n thiet co th e thc
hien nhanh c h o n gv a n giannhnggiaithuatbaom atdan en viec ph a ttrien ca c b o
coprocessor tren the.
Ca c thethongminh khong tiep xucc s dung trong nhng ngdun g o iho i
m o t s lien ket viuser m o t ca c h than thien (ieu khien truy x u at) v a th igian giao
dch ngan (v e xe). Khuynh hnglien ket ca c n gdung chi tra tien vica c loai n g
dung khong tiep xuccuoicungdan en viec phattrien the co hai giao tiep. Loai th e
n a y c o ca giao dien tiep xucva khong tiep xuctren cungm ot chip. Mo t th e hai giao
tiep c o the c nha n dang thongqua giao dientiep x uchoa c khongtiepx uc.
Hnh 3.12. S o kho ic ua m o tth e hai giao tie p

S khac nhau lnnhat gi a m ot the th on g minh khong tiep xu cva itep x ucla
nang lng s dun g. Mot th e tho n g minh khong tiep xuctheo tieu chuan ISO14443 c h
c o 5mW c s dung e hoat ong khoang ca c h to i a so v i reader (Hmin =
1,5
A/m). Mo t th eth o ngminh tiep x u cc o th e c o 7,2mW (GSM 11,13), 50mW (GSM 11,11)
h o ac c oth e le n e n 300 mW (ISO 7816 Class A: 5V, 60mA) phu thuoc vaotngloai.
a y la m o tk h a in ie m m itrong viec phattrien ca c b o vi x ly k h o n g tiep xu c.V du

nh: viec s dun g m otbo PMU (Power management unit) tren chip. Bo n a y c oth e t
ong tach r inhngphan mach c ua chip khong s dung nguon cung ca p e tie t kiem
nang lng.Hn na,ca ck y thuat sieu tie tkiem nang lng c s dung trong ta t ca
ca cchip hai giao tiepla cho nanglng c tieuthu m otcach to iu nhat.
Mot kh oa chuyen oi gia 2 che o tiep x u c v a khong iep
t x u c tren chip la
khong ca n thiet. Trong trng hp n gian nha t n o u e s dung cho n h n g d lieu
hp le nhan c thong qua m o ttrong hai giao tiep nh tieu chua n qui nh cho nhng
hoat ongxa hn. Mo t v aichip cung ca p chng trnh c o ca cc trang th a icho phe p che
o hoat onghien tai c truy van.Hn na,ca c tn hieu (tan so ,ien ap)xuathien
mach HF hay tren chip tiep xu cc clng.
3.3. Bo nh
Sau trang th ai m a y hay b o vi x ly , th a n h phan quan trong nhat cu a m o t
transponder la b o n h m a d lieu cu auser c oc hay ghi vao.D lieu ch o c c
ghi b in h a sa nxua tbang m at nachip hay ghi vnh vienvaob o n h b an gtia laser.
N eu d lieu c ghi v a o trong transponder th ca c cell RAM, EEPROM hay
FRAM cungtch hp va ochip. Tuy nhien, c h c oca
ccell EEPROM va cell FRAM c o
th e lu tr d lieu a c ghi trong nhngchu k y d a i(thngla 8 nam) m akhong ca n
nguoncung cap .
3.4. o lng ca cbien v a tly

3.4.1. Transponder co ca mbie n
V iec phattrien ca ctransponder RFID ac biet ket hp vi m otbo chuyen oi
A/D tren chip ASIC ra t thuan tien e o ca c bien vatly .N o ichung ta tca ca c bien vat
ly n a oc u n gco the c s dung. N hvaoca c bo ca m bien nhietom achungta c o th e
theo doic nhieto.
Hnh 3.13. Transponder lie nk e tc a m n gc o th e mc a mbie nnhieto

Cam bien nhiet o, transponder ASIC, cuon da y cu a transponder v a tu ien
backup eu nam tren m otvo thuytinh hnh nhong giong nh he thong nhan dang gia
su c .Trong trng hp na y ngita se s dung transponder thu ong e tao ra m otm o i
trngthanthien.
G ia tr o c cuabo chu yenoiA/D c o th e c o c b a n g m o t len h o c t
reader. V ica c transponder ch oc, giatr o c c u n gco th e c gh e p va om o tso
ID pha ti theo chu k y .
Nga y nay, lnh vc ng dungchuyeu cho nhng transponder c o ca m bien l a o
n h iet o k h o n gd aytrong cha n gia su c .Trong ng dung nay,thannhiet cuagia su cc
o e theo d o is ckhoe, s sinh sa n .Qua trnh o c o the c thc hien t onglu ccho
a nva tam r ahay t la mbang tay thongqua m o treader di chuyenc.
Trong lnh vc congnghiep, ca c transponder c o cam bien c o the c dung b at
k y ni n a oc o nhngbienvatly c a n pha io m a v ie cn o ic a pla khongthc hienc.

4.1. Lu ong d lieu trong ng dung
Mot phan m em c thiet ke e oc hay ghi vao m o t thiet b mang d lie u
khongtiep x uc(transponder) o ih o ireader cung phaic o giao tiepkhong tiep x uc.Phan
m em yeuca u viectruy xu atvaoth ietb mang d lieu ca n gthongsuotca n gto t.
Qua trnh o c v aghi m o tthiet b mang d lieu khong tiep xucc thc hien
da vao nguyen l y Master - Slave
ngha la ta t ca ca c hoat on g cu a reader c h
c kch hoat khi nhnglenh oc ghi nhanc t phanmem.
Hnh 4.1. Nguyen l y Master-Slave giapha nmem, reader v a tranpsonder

e thchien m otlenh t phan m em , trchet transponder phainam trong vung
lien lac cu a reader. Reader bay gi ong vai tro la master trong m o i lien he vi
transponder. transponder ch a p n glai n h n g le n h t reader va kh o n g bao g i hoat
ongoclap(ngoai tr nhngtransponder c h oc).
Mot len h oc n g ia n n h a t t p h a n m e m e n reader c o th e x a cnh motchuoi
lien tiep ca c bclien lac giareader v a m o ttransponder. Bang dia y cho thay:m ot
lenhoc se dan en viec kch hoat mo ttransponder, k e o la th c thi ch uo i thu tuc xac
nhanva c u o ic u n gla lenhtruyen d lieu yeu cau.
Ba n g 4.1: V d u ve qu a trnh thc thi mo t le n h oc b i phan mem, reader va

transponder
Phanmem Reader
Reader Transponder
Ch u thch
oc
Blockread_Addres s[00]
bo
nh
cu a
Transponder [addres s]
Request
Transponder c o trong vu n g
truy van?
ATR_SNR [4712]
Transponder hoat ongvi

seri
Get_Random
K hitao viecxacnhan
Random [081514]
SEND_Token1
GET_ Token2
V iec xac nhan c hoan

ta t
Read_@[00]
Lenh oc [address]
Data [9876543210]
D lie ut transponder
Data [9876543210]
D lieu en t phanmem
Ch c nang chu yeu cu areader la kch hoat thiet b mang dlieu (transponder),
ca u tru cth t lien lac v itheit b mang d lieu va tru yen d lieu g ia phan m em va
thiet b mang d lieu khong iep
t xuc.Ta tca nhng tnh cha tlien lac khong day cha n g
han nh thc hien ket noi, thc hien chong xung o t v a th u tuc x ac nhan c
ieu khien hoantoanbireader.
4.2. Ca cthanh phan cua reader

D u k h a c nhau chu yeu v e kieu lien ket (ca m n g - ien t ), th t giao tie p
(FDX, HDX, SEQ), thutuc truyen d lieu t transponder en reader (load modulation
tan xalu i, h a iph u ) v akhoangtan so nhng ta tca ca c reader eu tng t nhau v e hoat
ongcungnh cach thiet ke chung.
Reader c u ata tca ca che thong c o the c n gianhoa thanh2 khoichcnang
chuyeu:he thongieu khienv a mach HF (bao g o m m o tb o p h a vta m o tb o thu).
Hnh 4.2. S o kho icu amo treader go m c o he tho n g ie uk h ie nv a mach HF. Toa nbo
he thong c ieukhien bang nh ng lenh
4.2.1. Mach HF
Mach HF c u areader thc hiennhngchcnangchuyeusau :
- P h at m ot tn hieu tan so cao mang nang lng nham kch hoat cho
transponder v a cung ca p nanglng cho n o .
- ieuchetn hieu truyen i e g id lieu encho transponder.
- Kiem tra va giaiieu checho tn hieuHF nhanc t transponder.
Mach HF c o 2 ng tn hieu rieng tng n g v i 2 chieu d lieu t /en
transponder. D lieu truyen en transponder thongqua Transmitter Arm. Ngc lai, d
lieu nhanc t transponder c x ly trong Reciever Arm.
Hnh 4.3. S o kho imach HF c u ah e tho n gRFID lie nke tc a m n g

H eth ong lien ke tcam ng
T rc het, m ot tn hieu ta n so hoat ong c ua h e th on g (v du nh 135kHz,
13.56MHz) c pha tra trong Transmitter Arm b im o tb o dao o n g o n
nh.
Tn hieu dao ong c nap vaomodule ieu che c ieu khien bitn hieu
baseband cu a h e th o n g m a h o a tn hieu. Tn hieu baseband n a y la m c TTL cha
chuoitn hieu nh phan c m ahoatheo kieu Manchester, Miller, NRZ. Tn hieu n go
ra c ieu che nh the n a otu yth u o c v a ob o ie uch e ASK hay PSK. Rieng ieu che
FSK c h s dung trong trnghp tn hieubaseband c nap trc tiep vaob o to n ghp
ta nso .
Tn hieu c ieu che c khuech ai en m c ca n thiet bang mach
khuech ai ro i c tach enhopanten na.
Reciever Arm bat au h o p antenna vithanh phan au tien l a mo t b o loc
th o n g d a ic o s ndoc. nhnghe thongFDX/HDX, b o lo c na yco nhiem vu nganchan
nhng tn hieu t ng truyen va loc ra nhng tn hieu ap ng t transponder.
nhng he thong ieu che tn hieu s dung so n g mang phu, nhiem vu cua bo loc nay
cungkhong c xem thng v trong trng hp nay,tn hieu phatva thu khong ch
ta chr inhau b ita n so so ngmang phu. N hngsongmang phu cuahe thong 13,56MHz
la 847kHz hay 212kHz.
H eth ong viba - b a nsong co n g
S khacnhau chuyeu gi ah e tho ngviba v a h e th o n g ca m n gta n so th a p la bo

to ng hp tan so: do ta n so h o a t o n g th n gla 2,45 GHz khongthe c phattrc tie p
b im o tb o dao ongtrc tiep thach anh. N o ch c o th e c ta o ra bang ca c hnhan cac
ta n so th ap lai v inhau. Do viec ieu che c duy tr trong suot quatrnh nhan tan so
nen viecieuchec thc hien t a n so thap.
Hnh 4.4. S o kho ic u amo tmach HF trong h e thong viba

Mot va i h ethong viba co m o tdirectional coupler e tachbiet tn hieu truyen i
cu ahethongt m ottn hieuta nxa lu ic u atransponder.
Mot bo directional coupler g o m c o 1 ca p ngday. N eu ca 4 port c match
v a congsuat P1 c cap cho port 1 th congsuat nayc phanphoicho port 2 v a 3 v a
khongc o c o n g sua t port 4. Tng t nh vayneu congsua tc ca p port 3 th n o se
chia cho port 1 v a 2.
Hnh 4.5. Hoa t ong cu am o tb o directional coupler v ih e tho n gRFID ta nxa lu i
H eth ong tua nt - SEQ

o iv im o th e th o n g RFID tuan t, trng HF cu areader chuyeu c phati
la e cung ca pnang lng cho transponder v a g ica clenhcho n o .
Transponder p hat dlieu cu a no cho reader trong khi reader khong phat. Bo
p h a tv a b o thu tren reader c kch hoat tuan t va nh v a y n o c u n gp h a tv a thu tuan
t nhau.
Hnh 4.6. S o kho iHF c u areader trong h e thong SEQ

Reader c o motkhoachuyen mach ngay t cth ie chuyen oigiabo phatva
thu. C hcnangna ythng c thc hienbidiode PIN trong k y th u a tv o tuyen.
Khongco nhngyeu cau acbietnaoc danh cho b o thu trong he tho ng SEQ.
Do o manh c u a tn hieu trong m ay phatkhong gay ra nhieu trong q u a trnh nhan tn
hieu, bo thu SEQ c o the thiet ke vio nhay cao n h a t c o th e . ie u n a y c o n g h ia la
khoangcach cuahe thong c o th e ta n gle n tng n gv ikhoangnanglng.
4.2.2. n v ie u khien
n v ieu khiencuareader thc hiennhngnhiem vu sau:
- Trao o iv iphanmem v a th c thi nhnglenh t phanmem.
- ieukhienlien lac v i m o ttransponder (Nguye n l y master - slave).
- Ma hoa v a g ia im a tn hieu.
Trong nhng he thong phc tap hn th n v ie u k h ie n co n co them nhng
chc nangsau:
- Thc thi cacgiaithuatchongxung ot.

- Mat m a v a g ia ith u a tm a lu o n gd lieu c truyen i giatransponder
v a reader.
- Thc hienth u tuc xa cnhangiatransponder v a reader.
Hnh 4.7. S o kho in v ie ukhie ncu areader

n v ieu khien thng c o m o tb o vi x ly e thc hien nhngchcnang phc
tap nay.Ca cthutuc b ao m atcha n ghan nh luong ciphering giatransponder v a reader
cungnh m a h o a tn hieu thngc thc hien trong module ASIC e g ia m b tca c
bctnh toancho b o vi x ly .V l y do thc hien cho nen ASIC c truy xuatthong
qua bus vi x ly .
Hnh 4.8. Qua trnh ma hoa va g ia ima tn h ie ubang n v ieukhiencu areader
D lieu trao oi giaphan m em v a n v ieu khien cuareader c thc hien

theo giao tiep RS232 v a RS485. Tn hieu va omay tnh phai dang m aNRZ (8 - bit ba t
ongb o ). To c o baud thngla 1200bd, 4800bd, 9600bd Nhnggiao th ckhacnhau
c s dung cho giao th ctruyen thong.
Giao tiep giamach HF v a n v ieu khien a c trng cho trang thaicuamach
HF la m o t so nh phan. Trong he thong ieu che ASK, m c 1 v a o mach HF n g v i
trang thaitn hieuHF on v a m c0 n gv itn hieu HF off.
4.3. Ke tno iantenna trong he thong lie nke tcam ng

Antenna cu a reader trong h e tho n g RFID lien ket ca m n g pha tra mot thong
lng . Thong lng na y c dunge cung ca p nang lng cho transponder v a g i
thongtin giareader v a transponder. Co 3 yeu to c b a nm a m o tantenna ca n p h a ia p
ng:
- D ongiencc ai i1 trong cuonda y cu aantenna n gv ithonglng cc a i .
- Cong suat phoihp e cho nanglng cc ai c o th e co d u n g e p h a tra thong
lng.
- Bang thong u rong e tru yen khong m eo tn hieu song mang a c ieu
che.
Antenna phu thuoc vaodaitan so hoat ong la m ca c thu tuc kha cnhau co th e
c s dung e ketn oi cuon day cu aantenna v ib o p h a t: k e t n o itrc tiep cuon d ay
antenna v imodule cung ca p nang lng bang ca c h s dung power matching hay cung
ca p thongqua ca pxoancuaantenna.
4.3.1. Ket no is dung dongien phoi hp
Ca c loai reader s dung ta n so d i 135KHz, mach HF v a c uo n d ay
antenna c at gannhau, thng c in tren board mach. Do kch thcc ua ng
cung cap cu a antenna v a antenna n h o hn b c son g c dong ien trong mach
HF phat ra (2.200m), tn h ie u c o th e c xem nh khongthay o i. ie u n a yc o ngha
la dongien
cu aso n gcao ta n c oth e b o qua. S ketnoicuon day cuaantenna so v is k e tn o icu a

m o tloudspeaker v in g o ra m o tmodule NF.
4.3.2. Cung ca pthong qua ca p
tan so tren 1MHz hay trong d a ita n 135KHz neu ca pd a ihn c s dung th
ie n a pHF khong conco nh nanhng nophaic xem la song ien t trong ca p .
K etnoicuonday cuaantenna s dung hai daydaikhongc o v o b o c trong khoangHF se
dan en nhnghieu ng khong mong muon nh cong suat phan xa, tr khang ng
truyen va cong suat pha t k y sinh do b a n cha t cu a th e HF. Do nhng hieu ngnay ra t
khoieu khien v khong the lngtrcc. V vay,trong k y th u a tvo tuyen, ngita
c h s dung ca p ongtruc. Socket, a u ca m v a ca p ongtruc c pho i hp tr khang
sao cho tr khangl a 50. Ca ch etho ngRFID thngs dung ca cthanh phan50.
Hnh 4.9. Ke tno icuo nda yantenna bang k y thuat 50 .

Cuon dayantenna L1 ng v itr khang ZL trong khoangtan so hoat ong cuahe
thong RFID. e at c power matching v i he thong, tr khang nay
phai c
chuyen oithanh 50 (matched) bangmotmach phoihp tr khang.Cong suat truyen
i t module n g o ra c ua reader en mach phoihp tr khangkhong b suy hao hay b
b cxa .
Hnh 4.10. Mach ie npho ihp tr kha ng cho cuo n da yantenna
4.3.3. A n hhng cu ahe s o Q

Antenna reader trong he th on gRFID lien ketcam ngc ac trng b ita n so
co n g h n g v a h e so Q. N eu he so Q lnd an en d o ngien trong antenna se l n v a
lam tang cong suat truyen entransponder. Tra i lai, bang thong cu a antenna t le
nghch v ih e so Q. Bang thonghep se tao ra m o th e so Q c c l nv a co th e la m g iam
angkephotn hieu ieu chenha n c t transponder.
H eso Q cu aantenna reader c o the c tnh theo bieuthc:
2 . f o
Q=
.Lcoil
Rtotal
(4.1)
Rtotal : ien tr suy hao trong cuonda y .

Lcoil : ien ca m cuacuon day.
Bang thongcuaantenna c o the c tnh t h e so Q sau:
B=
fo
(4.2)
Ba ng thongca n thiet la th o n g n h a n la y t b a n g th o n g d a ib ie n tn hieu ieu che

c u areader. Trong ieucheASK, ta se c o b ie u th csau:
B.T = 1
(4.3)
V itransponder la th i gian o n g khoa cua

tn hieu ieu che load modulation.
oivinhieu he thong, he so Q to iu l a 10 - 30. Tuy nhien, ieu n ay khong the at
c do h eso Q phu thuoc va obangthong.
Chng 5. MA HO A VA IE UCHE D LIE U

D iay la s o k h o i c u aq u a trnh truyen d lieu gia reader v a transponder
trong m oth e tho n g RFID. T reader en transponder - theo hng truyen d lieu; tn
hieu (x l y tn h ieu ) vab o ieu ch e (modulator) trong reader (pha phat), kenh truyen,
b o giaiieu che(Demodulator) v a g ia i ie uche trong transponder (pha thu).
Hnh 5.1. S o kho ih e thong vie nth ong so
5.1. Ca cloa i ma bie udien tn hieu nh phan

Tn hieu nh p h a n c o the c bieu dien bang nhieu loai m a k h a c nhau thong
qua k yth u a tma hoang truyen. Ca che thong RFID thngs dung mottrong nhng
loai m a sau: NRZ, Manchester, Unipolar RZ, DBP (differential bi-phase), Miller,
differential coding on PP coding.
- Ma NRZ: bit 1 c bieu dien m ccao v a bit 0 m c thap.Ma NRZ c
dungrieng cho ieucheFSK va PSK.
- Ma Manchester: bit 1 c bieu dien (m ccao, m cthap). Bit 0 c bieu
dien (m c thap, m c cao). Do o ma Manchester c o n c goi la ma chia pha.
Ma Manchester thngc s dung e truyen d lieu t transponder en reader bang
ca c hieuches dung songmang phu.
- Ma Unipolar RZ: bit 1 c bieu dien m c cao trong n a chu k y a u v a
m cthap trong n achu k y sau. Bit 0 c bieu dien m cthap trong to a n b o chu k y
bit.
- Ma DBP: bit 0 c ma hoa b i(m ccao, m c thap)hoacngc lai. Bit 1 c
ma hoa bangca c hchots chuyen oim c.Hn na,m cc aongc m oichu k y
bit, cho nen tn hie u n h p h an c oth e d e d a ngthay o ica u tru ctrong ma y thu (neu ca n
thie t).
Hnh 5.2. Ca cloa i ma n gtruyentrong h e thong RFID

- Ma Miller: bit 1 c bieu dien bi m ots chuyen oi (m ccao, m cthap)
hoac ngclai. Bit 0 g i nguyen m ccuabit 1 trc o .Mot chu o ica c bit 0 c o th e tao
nen s chuyen mc auchu k y bit, do o tn hieu nh phanc o th e thay o icau tru clai
m aythu.
- Ma Miller modified: Ma n a y thay the m oi s thay o i m c trong m a Miller
thanh m ot
xung am . Ma n a y ra tthch hp trong ca che th on g RFID ghep ca m n g e
truyen d lieu t reader en transponder. N hvaoo rong xung ra t hep (tpulse << Tbit),
n o c o k h a n a n g a m ba o nang lng cung cap lien tuc en transponder t trng HF
c u areader ngay ca khi truyen d lieu.
- Ma Differential (m asai phan):trong m a n a ybit 1 c phati gaynen s thay

o i(toggle) m ctn hieu, m ctn hieu conlai khongthay o i o iv ibit 0.
- Ma Pulse-pause (PPC): trong m a n a y, bit 1 c bieudien bang m ot khoang
th igian dng t trc xung ke tiep, bit 0 c bieu dien bang m ot khoang thigian
dng 2t trc xung tiep theo. Ma n a y ra t pho bien trong ca c he thong RFID tam gan
ghep ca m nge truyen d lieu t Reader en Transponder. Do o rong xung ra t be
tpulse<<Tbit nenvanco th e cung ca p nanglng lien tuc cho Transponder.
Hnh 5.3. Ma Pulse-pause

Co nhieu ieu kien khac nhau c xem x e tkhi chon la loai m a thch hp cho
he th o ng RFID. ieu quan trong nhatla p h o cu atn hieu sau khi ieu che v a k h a nang
truyen khonglo i. Hn na,trong trng hp ca ctransponder thu ong,nang lng cung
ca p khong cnga tquang bim otm akhongphuhp v a qua trnh ieu che.
5.2. Ca cky thua tieu che so

Trong ca che th on g RFID, k yth u a t ie u c h e so s dung nhieunhatla ASK, FSK,
PSK. a c biet tai phong th nghiem cuabo m on vien thong RFID s dung ieu che so
ASK.
5.2.1. ie uch e ASK
S ongmang c ieuchethanh2 m cie n a pkhac nhau, v ih e so ieu chem:
(5.1)
Hnh 5.4. ie uche ASK
5.2.2. ieu ch e 2FSK

Trong ieuche2FSK , ta nso songmang thay o igia 2 tanso f1 v a f2
Hnh 5.5. ie uche FSK

5.2.3. ieu ch e PSK
ieu che PSK la m o t phng phap hieu quanhat e truyen tn hieu so . Co th e
n o iphng phap PSK l a phng phap ieu che triet so ng mang do o bang thong c ua
tn hieu PSK n h o hn bang thong cuaFSK neu dungcungm ottn hieu dainen. Nhng
m ay thu p h a i c o mach dao ong tao song mang e thc hien viec gia iieu che; tn
hieudao ongnaypha ic o c u n gta nso v a pha cu aso n gmang ma ypha t.
Trong ieu che PSK , ca cm clogic 0 v a 1 c chuyen thanhca c trang thaipha
ngc nhau c u a dao ong song mang. Trong 2PSK th tn hieu thay o i 2 trang th ai
o
pha 0 v a 180 .
Hnh 5.6. ie uche PSK

5.2.4. ieu ch e v iso ng mang phu
Trong he th on g RFID, ieu che s dung song mang phu chuyeu s dung trong
ca c he thongghepca m n g t a n so 6,78MHz, 13,56MHz hoac27,12 MHz v a trong th u
tuc load modulation truyen d lieu t transponder en reader. Load modulation c u ah e
thongRFID ghepca m ng c o h ie u q u a nh ieu che ASK. Thay v chuyen oiien tr
ta iOn-Off theo chuoibit d lieu th m o tson gmang phu tanso thap c ieu che tr c
theo tn h ie u d lieu d ai nen. ieu che song mang p h u co th e s dung cho ASK, FSK,
PSK. Tan so so n g mang phu thngc lay bang chia nh phan tan so hoat ongcua
he thong. V ihe thong RFID 13,56 MHz, ta n so so ng mang phu thng s dung l a
847kHz (13,56MHz 16), 424kHz (13,56MHz 64).
D lieu ieu ch e so ngmang phu tao ra 2 vach phoca c htan so hoat ong cuahe
thong ta n so so n g mang phu fH. thong tin thc te c phat nh ng da ibien cu a2
vach songmang phu tu ythuocvaoloai m acu ad lieu.
Hnh 5.7. S o ie uche g h e pk e n hv ikie u ie uch eASK so ngmang phu
Trong nhng he thong transponder ghep long,s khac biet g ia tn hieu so ng

mang fT cu areader v a da ibien cu atn hieu nhanc la t 80 - 90dB. Mot trong 2 so n g
mang p h u c o thec loc v a giaiieuchebang ca c hd c h ta np h o c u ad lieu ieuche.
ieu naykhonglien quan t ita n so s dung l a fT + fH hay fT fH b iv thongtin cha
tren ca hai d a ibien.
Hnh 5.8. Pho cu atn hieuieuchesong mang phu.

6.1. Phng pha p kiem tra lo i
Khi truyen d lieu bangcong nghekhongdayth viec b can nhieura td e x a yra,
gay nen nhngthay o id lieu trong khi truyen dan en ca c lo i. Do o ca c ham kiem
tra c s dung e pha thien ca c lo ic ua d lieu truyen i v a la m chnh x a c d lieu ,
cha n g han bang ca c h truyen lai kh o i d lieu co lo i. Nhngphng phap kiem tra loi
thongdung nhatla kiemtra chanle ,XOR v a CRC.
6.1.1. Kiem tra ch a nle
Kiem tra cha n le l a m ot phng phapn gia nn e n la mot phng phapkiem tra
lo ira t phobien. Trong phng phapnay,m otbit kiem tra c phatkem vim oibyte
d lieu tru yen i, do o m o ibyte truyen i gom 9 bit. Trc khi d lieu truyen i th
p h a ix a c n h la k ie m tra cha n hay kiem tra le, e b a o a m la b e n p h a tv a b e n thu cung
kiem tra chanhoa c le .
Tuy nhienphng ph apnaych c o thephathien lo ikhi so bit b sai la le.
6.1.2. Phng p h a pLRC
Kiem tra XOR cungc goi la kiem tra LRC
Hnh 6.1. Kiem tra LRC

LRC c tnh bang cach ca c byte truyen i c lan lt XOR v inhau, byte
th 1 XOR v ibyte th 2, ketquatiep tuc c XOR v ibyte th 3; v a c nh vay en
c u o ik h o ik h o id lieu, LRC c nh ke m v ikh o iv a truyen i. ben nhancungthc
hien vieckiem tra tng t nh ben phat,neu ke t q u a la 0 th x a cn h a n la d lieu nhan

ung.
Tuy nhien phng p hap na y cu n ggap p haim o tso nhc iem la khi nhieu loi
byte c o th e lo a i b o la n nhau la k h o n g th e p h a th ie n sai, phng phapna ythngc
s dung khi truyen ca ck h o id lieu ra tnho.
6.1.3. Phng p h a pCRC
Phng phap kiem tra CRC c o th e a n g tin ca y khi dung e kiem tra nh n g
lng thongtin l n ,m a c d u phng phapna ykhongthesalo i.
Trong phng phapCRC, ben thu v a b e n p h a ts dung cungm ota th csinh,
ph phatdunga thcsinh e tnh to a nt m bit d lieu se sinh ra r bit kiem tra v a ta o ra
t m a c oo d a in = m + r. Pha thu dunga th c sinh e kiemtra xem t m a n h a n c
c o sai hay khong.Cac phep toanthc hien m aCRC eu dungmodulo-2 thch hp cho
pheptnh nh phan.
V du: x e tm a (7,4) t c c o m = 4 bit d lieu v a r = n - m =3 bit kiem tra. G ias 4
3
bit d lieu la 0011 v a a thcsinh s dung la 1011 hay H(z)= z +0z +z +z
Thc hien phepchia z X(z)/H(z)

1100 | 11
11000
1011
01110
1011
00101 so d=R(z)
r
T m a sau khi m a h o aco dang Y(z)=z X(z)+R(z)=z +z +z +1 hay 0011101

Khi ben thu nh an c dlieu, pha thu se chia t m a cho a thcsinh, g ia s
khongc o sai so ttren ngtruyen.
1011 | 11
11101
1011
01011
1011
00000 so d = 0, x acnhankhongco sai so ttren ngtruyen.
6.2. a truy ca p ,chongxung o td lie u
Trong hoat ongcuahe thongRFID th c o th ex a yra v e cc o n h ie u transponder
cungnam trong v u n gp hu song cu a1 reader. Trong m othe tho ng nh vay,chungta co
thephanbiet2 dang chnh cu as lien lac.
Dang th n h atla viectruyen d lieu t reader en ca ctransponder
Hnh 6.2. Truyen d lie uennhieuth e

Luong d lieu c truyen i c ca c transponder nhan cung luc. Viec n ay
giong nh viec ca cradio cungnhan chng trnh tin t ccu a m o t apih a t thanh. Loai
thongtin nayc goi la truyen tin (broadcast).
Dang th hai cua ien
l lac l a viec truyen d lieu cu ara tnhieu transponder trong
vun gph uso ng env ireader. Dang na yc goi la a truy ca p .
Hnh 6.3. Nha nd lie ut nhieuth e
Tuy nhien moi kenh thong tin e u c o dung lng k en h co nh, do o m o i

transponder c h c o the truyen m otdung lng nha tnh en reader e khong gay nhieu
la n nhau (va cham). Toc o truyen toi a c quyet nh bi b ang tho ng cu a
anten to ngtransponder ca reader.
Va n e c u aa truy ca p a c o t la u trong congnghe radio. Chang han nh mang
ien thoai di ong,khi co n hieu ngoim uo n ke t n o i v i1 tram. Do o, nhieu phng
th c a c pha t trien nham tach biet ca c tn hieu. C b a n th c o 4 phng ph ap
SDMA(Space Division Multiple Access), FDMA(Frequency Domain Multiple Access),
TDMA(Time Domain Multiple Access) v a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).
Hnh 6.4. Ca cphng phap tranhxung o td lie u

6.2.1. SDMA
Ca c transponder khacnhau co the c phan biet nhvao gocv tr cu a n o so
v ireader. e c o the nh a ch cuaca ctransponder, khong gian xung quanh reader
phaic quetbang a nten nh hng.Nhc iem cua SDMA la ca c he tho ng anten
nh hngphctap.
Hnh 6.5. SDMA, anten nh h n gc h la nl t enca ctransponder
6.2.2. FDMA
K ythuat FDMA la k y th uat m aca c kenh ruyen
t
dan vica c ta n so song mang
khac nhau cu n g lu c to n tai cho ca c thanh phan lie n lac. Trong he thong RFID,
nang lng cung ca p cho transponder v a tn hieu ieu khien cua m oitransponder n g
vim otta n so khacnhau. N hc iem cua phng p h a p n a y la g ia thanhcao c u aca c
reader, do o phng phapna yc h m i c a pdung cho m o tso lnh vc chuyen biet.
Hnh 6.6. FMDA, v a ikenh truyenv ic a cta ns o k ha cnhau dung cho viectruyend lie u
giatransponder v a reader
6.2.3. TDMA
Trong RFID, phng thctranh gay anhhng giaca c tn hieu c dungron g
ra in h a t la TDMA. a y la phng thc s dung viec phan chia dung lng kenh c o san
lanlt cho ca ctransponder theo th t th igian.
Co hai phng thcTDMA l a transponder ieu khien v a reader ieu khien.
Phng thctransponder ie u k h ie n co to c o ccha m v ak ho n g linh hoat, do o phng
thcieu khien bireader thng c chon thc hien. Phng th c n a y c o th e xem
nh o n g bo v ta t ca transponder eu c ieu khien cung lucbireader. Tr c tie n
m o ttransponder oc la c h o n t m o tn h o m ca c transponder da tren m otthuat toan,
tiep o , viec ketnoi c thc hien giatransponder c chon vareader. Ch khi k et

noinayketthu c,th viec chon la transponder tiep theo m ioc thc hien.
Phng thcreader ieu khien oc pha n chia thanh 2 phng thcnh o hn la
thchon (polling) v a tm kiem nh phan (binary search). Ta t ca phng p hap n a y eu
da tren c s m oitransponder c nha n dang bangm otdayma so rieng bie t.
Hnh 6.7. Ca cphng phap ie ukh ie nreader

Phng th cth ch on
Phng th c th chon yeu ca u p h a i c o danh sach tat ca ca c m a so c u a cac
transponder c o th e x a y ra trong q u a trnh. Ta t ca ca c m a so se la n lt oc
reader kiem tra en khi phat hien c m a so chnh xa c ca n tm. Tuy nhien phng
phapna yc o th e cha m neuso long transponder l n .
Tm kiem nh phanla phng phaplinh onghn v a p h o b ie n hn.
Thuattoa ntm kiem nh phan
Viecthc hienthuatto an tm kiem nh phanyeu ca u v tr bit va cham phaioc

phathien trong reader. Ngoa i ra, cungca n p h a ic o m o ts m a h o a bit phuhp. Do o,
trochetchungta so sanh s va cham cu ama ho a NRZ v a Machester.
o i v im a NRZ, g ia tr cu a 1 bit oc nh ngha b a n g m o t m cco nh c u a
kenhtruyen trong 1 c aso bit (tBIT). a y ta g ia s bit 1 m ccao, bit 0 m cthap.
Hnh 6.8. M a NRZ

N eu t nhat1 trong 2 transponder g itn hieu m ccao th reader se h ie u la tn
hieu m c cao. Reader khong the xac nh d a y bit nhan c b chong bit nhng
iem naokhi nhan d lieu t v a itransponder. Viec s dung ca c khoikiem tra (kiem tra
cha nle ,CRC) c h c o the p h a th ie n c o sai chkhong thephathien v tr sai.
Hnh 6.9. M a hoa NRZ kho n gth e p ha thie ns xung o td lie ug i aca ctransponder
o i v im a Manchester, g ia tr cu a bit c nh ngha bang s thay oi m c
ie na ptrong 1 c aso bit (tBIT).
Hnh 6.10. M a M a nhester

c
N eu 2 hoac nhieu transponder cungluctruyen ca c bit khacnhau th ca c g ia tr
a m va dng cu a ca cm cie na pse triet tieu la nnhau. Do o co the xa yra trung hp
m o tm c ien ap n han c ton tai trong ca bit _ tra iv iquy lu a tm ah o aManchester;
ieu nay cho phep phat hien bit n a o a b lo i do va cham d lieu. V va y, m a hoa
Manchester c s dung cho thuattoantm kiem nh phan.
Hnh 6.11. M a hoa Manchester giuppha thienbit xung o t

Mot thu atto antm kiem nh phanbao gom m otdayc nh ngha truccuas
tac ong qua lai gia 1 reader v a ca c transponder nham muc ch chon c nhng
transponder mong muont nhieu transponder.
Chung ta g ia s transponder c o th e thc hien ca c lenh nh sau v a ca c d a y so
nhandang cu am o itransponder gom8 bit.
V iec au ien
t cu a thuat to a n la reader truyen lenh REQUEST(<=11111111),
lenhnayc tra l ib i ta tca transponder trong v u ngph uso n gcu areader.
Do ca c transponder c ong bo nen chung bat au truyen ca c ma so
nha ndang cu amnh tai cungm otth iiem
G ia s tai cac bit 0, 4 v a 6 c o s va cham, da n en ket lu an co nhieu hn
1 transponder trong cu n gph uso n g cu areader. Da y bit nhan c la 1X1X001X, th co
ta tca 8 khanang cu aca cm a so c o nca npha ix ac nh.
Bit 6 l a bit c o trong so l nnhat,cho nen e chon c 1 transponder, ta tiep tuc
tm kiemtrong khoang<=10111111, v a c tiep tuc enkhi chon c ma so hp le .
Hnh 6.12. Qua trnh tm kie m transponder hp le

Bang viec s dung lenh SELECT, transponder 2 c cho n v acothe c oc
v a ghi b ireader m a khong b anhhngcuacac transponder khac.
Sau khi viecoc, ghi ke t thuc, transponder 2 c o the c ngnghoat ong hoan
to anbilenh UNSELECT v a se khongaplai lenhREQUEST tiep theo. Tiep o , viec
la chon lai tiep tuc thc hientrong 3 transponder c o nlai.
S o la n L thc hien e xa c nh m ottransponder phuc thuoc vaoso transponder
trong vungphuso n g:
L( N ) = ld ( N ) + 1 =
N)
log(
+1
log(2)
Hnh 6.13. So la nthc hientrung bnh e x a cnh a ch transponder
(6.1)
PHA N2
1.1. Gi ithieu
1.1.1. Gi ithieu e ta i
Nga y nay v is phattrien cuacong nghe va xu hngt ong h oa nga y cang
cao, nhieu lnh vc con ngira tkhokiem so a tv a q u a n ly o ih o ip h a is dung nhieu
nhan cong,chi ph cao. V icong nghe RFID chungta c o th e g ia m sa tv a q u a n ly m o t
ca c hd e dang, giamthieu chi ph v a khong tonnhieu congs c .
Hiennay q u a nly nguonnhanlc tai ca ccongty la m o ttrong nhngvan e then
ch o t e ca p lanh ao co ca i nhn ton g th e nhat ve doanh n gh iep va con ngi.Nhng
v ie c q u a n ly naythongthngch trien khai m ot ca c hth o s, khongongbo,nhatquan
v a c h u y e u thc hienbang tay. S d u n g m a ytnh e q u a nly n h a n s a c th c hien
nhieu congty, n v , to chcva th e hien th e m anh cu ano .Tuy nhien, mo i cong ty
lai c o ca c h xay dng a c thurieng trong vie c q u a n ly n gu on nhan lc; v ith c te o
ong thiap dung cong nghe RFID lam cho v ie c q u a n ly con ngitr n en d e dang,
nhanh chong,chnh x ac.
Do o d is ch hng dan tantnh cu a th aygia o Ths. NguyenCh N goc, toi
thc hiene ta i n gdung co n gnghe RFID va oh e thon g qua nly nhan s.
1.1.2. Y e uca ue ta i
Nghienc ugiao thcoc va ghi th e bangPC.
Nghienc u ngonng laptrnh C# 2005va c s d lieu SQL Server 2005.
V ietchng trnh He thongquanlyn h a n s bang ngonngC# 2005 v a a p
dung motphancongngheRFID va ohe thongna y.
1.1.3. N o idung cu ae ta i
D ungngon ngC# e vietchng trnh oc, ghi th e khi k e tn o ireader v iPC.
V ietchng trnh He thongquanl y nhans
Thc hienviecoc, ghi d lieu t thethongqua reade r.
K iem chngketqua.
1.2. Y eu cau he tho n g

1.2.1. Nhu ca uh e tho n g
G ia mta ico n gv ie ccho n g iq u a nly
Tang toco,tnh chnh x a ccu acon gviec thon g ke,q uanl y con ng i,cha m
cong,tnh lng
1.2.2. Quanly d a n
Ba n g1.1: K ehoach thc hien va pha nco n gnhiem vu
STT
N o idung
Lap ke hoach va phattrien he thong

- K h itao d an
M o t a
Tm hieuke hoach xaydng he thong

v a e ra ca c bc xay dng n en h e
- Qua nly d a n
2
thong.
Phantch
- K e hoach phantch
Xa cnh yeuca u h e th ong
- Thu thapca cyeu ca u
Lap ke hoach phongva n ngidung

a ra ca c yeu ca u nghiep vu, yeu
ca u chc nangcu ah e thong
- Xa cnh ca cm o hnh
Xa c nh c nhngtac nhanc b an
cu ahe th o n gvan h n gh oat on gcua
h ethong
Thiet ke
- Giao dien
Thiet ke chi tiet: d lieu , x ly v a
- S o nh hng
giao dien
Xa y dng he thong
- V ietcode v a o n gg o ih e thong
1.3. Tong quan v e s o kho icua he thong

1.3.1. C acth on gs o cu aReader (DL910)
Hnh 1.1. Reader (DL910)

Ba n g1.2: Ca cthong s o c ba ncu aReader (DL910)
Nghi th ch o tr
ISO18000-6B/ISO18000-6C(EPC G2)
Tan so lamviec
ISM 902MHz928MHz,Or 920MHz925MHz
Tan so thngs dung
860MHz960MHz
Nang lng truyen tin
20dBm30 dBm(set by software)
Ba n g1.3: Ca cthong s o ve oc ghi cu aReader (DL910)

To c o oc
Th igian oc 1Card < 10ms / 64 bits
Khoa n gca c hoc
8m15m(trong m oitrng bnh thng)
To c o ghi
8bits less than 30ms
Khoa n gca c hghi
4m7m(according tag)
Read prompt
Buzzer
Ba n g1.4: Cong ho tr cu aReader (DL910)

RS232 Port
Co
RS485 Port
Co
Trigger port
Co
ICP/IP Port
Theo yeuca u cuakhach hang
Ba n g1.5: Ca cthong s o ve ien cua Reader (DL910)

Nguon
DC: +9V, 4A
Cong su at
6W
Ba n g1.6: Kch th cReader (DL910)

Kch c
450mm450mm60mm
Can na n g
3.700g
Moi trnglamviec:trong nhiet o t -3070

1.3.2. C a cth on gs o cu ath e
phan naychungta se khaosa t2 loai the thngc s dung NPX UCODE
EPC G2, UCODE HSL ISO18000-6B.
Trong qu a trnh viet chng trnh oc, ghi ta ca n quan tam trc het la m a oc
v a ghi th e d i dang m a Hex. Ban g m a Hex n a y c nh kem khi mua sa n
pham RFID reader v a th e (tag)
Ma oc va ghi cu athe
Ba n g1.7: M a ke tn oi, nga t ketnoi, oc ghi the
Tag Indentify
Disconnect
#A0#02#65#F9
Connect & Read Version
#A0#02#FE#60#A0#02#50#0E#A0#02#6A#F4
Read Version
Read Tag (Single mode)
#A0#03#82#04#D7
Read Tag (Multi mode)
#A0#05#63#02#00#70#86#A0#05#60#00#72#03#86#A0#02#65#F9
Select Read Single Tag
#A0#02#FE#60#A0#05#60#00#87#00#74
Select Read Multi-Tag
#A0#05#60#00#87#01#73
Tag Operation
Change to Tag Operation
#A0#02#FE#60
Read Tag (EPC-2-1)
#A0#06#80#04#01#02#01#D2
Read Tag (TID-2-1)
#A0#06#80#04#02#02#01#D1
Read Tag (User-2-1)
#A0#06#80#04#03#02#01#D0
Read Tag (User-3-1)
#A0#06#80#04#03#03#01#CF
Read Tag (EPC-2-3)
#A0#06#80#04#01#02#03#D0
Write Tag (EPC-2-1234)
#A0#09#81#04#00#01#02#01#12#34#88
Write Tag (EPC-2-1232)
#A0#09#81#04#00#01#02#01#12#32#8A
Write Tag (EPC-2-abcd)
#A0#09#81#04#00#01#02#01#AB#CD#5
Initalization Tag
#A0#03#99#04#C0
Kha osa tth e NXP UCODE EPC G2

M o ta chung
EPC chua n UHF G2 cho phep ca c thethu ong ho tr k y th u a t UHF EPC c
thng mai hoa.UCODE EPC G2 h o tr trong da y chuyen quanly v a ca cngdung hau
ca n .Tu yv a okhu vc Chau A uhay My m a UCODE EPC G2 c o n h n g ie u c h n hrieng
e c o the nhandang c th e trong khoangcach v a im et.
IC UCODE EPC G2 phu hp v ica c ngdung hoat ong trong tam va im e t v a
yeu ca u chongva ap cao. N o la m o t sa npham nam trong h e tho n g san pham UCODE
b andan NXP. Toan b o h e th o n g sa npham UCODE a ra eu chongxung o tv a ch c
n angieuphoino.Th e UCODE EPC G2 khongca n nguoncung ca pbenngoai.
Mat phan ca c hkhong tiep xu cc u a n osinh

ra nang lng thongqua mach anten
chuyen ta inang lng t b o h o i(thiet b oc/ghi), g ia i ie u ch e d lieu nhanc t b o
h o iv a ieuchetrngien t e truyen d lieu ngc lai t th e e n b o ho i .
Khi th e k e t n o i v im o tantenna chuyen dung trong khoang tan so nh sa n ,n o
co the hoat ong m a khong ca n nam trong tam nhn va k h o n g ca n nguon pin no i.Khi
th enam trong tam hoat ongcuabohoi(thie tb oc/ghi), d lieu c o the truyen theo ca
hai hngvito c o cao.
acie m
* aciem chnh
- Thiet b ghepn oi phuhp hoantoanvichua n UHF EPC G2
- G iaiphaptam xa
- Thch n gv iUHF RFID, m o tIC c o thec dungtren toanthegi i
- To c o d lie u nhanh
- Lien kethngt i: 40 en160 Kbit/s
- Lien ketphanhoi:40 en640 Kbit/s
- Bo nhtren chip 512 bits
- 96 bits EPC
- Th e nhandien64 bits
- Bo n h la ptrnh ngidung224 bits
- Mat khautruy ca p 32 bits
- Mat khauba cb o 32 bits
- Chay tren cung ca u tru c ha tang phan cngnh UCODE HSL hay UCODE
EPC 1.19
* Li ch chnh
- Th e v a reader c o th e s dung t nhieu nguoncung ca pkha cnhau
- La sa nphamUHF EPC a u tien hoat ongtren toanthegi i
- Chcnang chongxung ottien tien giupnhan dang c nhieu thevitoco

cao nhat
- K y thuat RFID an to an va thiet thc thch hp v ireader kn v a m oi trng
nhieu
- Truyen thongUHF an toan,reader khongtruyen d lieu EPC
- Cong nghed b (back-up) EPCglobal v a ISO 18000-6C
* aciem thiet b ghep no iRF
- Khoa n gca c hhoa t ong tam xa
- Tan so hoat ongtrong khoang860MHz 960Mhz
- Ba oa m to a nv e n d lieu: 16 bits CRC, framing
ndung
g
- H otr daychuyen quanl y
- Qua nl y ta isa n ,th vien,chamcong
- Qua nl y h an ghoa
- G iamsa tkhay, bao b, container
D lieu tham kh a o
- Mo t trong nhng the
trong chua nNXP UCODE EPC G2 la th e SL3ICS10 hoat
ong trong ca c d a ita n so khac nhau, nhng theo quy nh chua n , th e SL3ICS10 hoat
ongtrong d a ita nsau:
Ba n g1.8: Ta ns o hoa t on gtheo chuancu ath e SL3 ICS10
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
UHF
Da ita nso
860
960
MHz
S o kh oi SL3 ICS10
Th e SL3 ICS1 bao gom3 khoichnh:
- Thiet b ghepn oi analog RF (Analog RF Interface)
- Bo ieukhien so (Digital Controller)
- EEPROM
Hnh 1.2. S o kho ic u ath e SL3 ICS10

Khaosa tth e UCODE HSL ISO18000-6B
M o ta
IC UCODE HSL (High Frequency Smart Label) l a chip thu ong,ho tr trong
day chuyen quanly v a ca cng dunghau ca n My ,nhan dang c trong khoang vai
m et.Mat khac, nen k y th u a t UCODE HSL c thiet ke hoat ong theo ca c quy nh
cu aChau A u .
IC n a yla sa npha m autien phuhp vichuanISO 18000-4 v a 18000-6.
H e thong UCODE HSL cho phep ca c th e hoat ong ong thi trong v ung
antenna cu areader (ca n hb a oxung ot,phantch xung ot).
IC UCODE HSL acbietthiet ke cho ca cngdung tam xa.
Th e khongca nnguoinoicung ca p .C che nh th e UCODE EPC G2 trnh b a y
muc trc.
Ngoa i ra b o nh th i h e th o n g cu a th e hoat ong rieng le th o n g qua b o dao

ongon-board.
* Truye nnang lng va d lieu khon g tie pxuc
Khi th e UCODE HSL ke tn o i v ianten chuyen dung trong khoang tan so nh
sa n ,n o c o th e hoat ong m a khong ca n nam trong tam nhn v a kh o n gca n nguonnuoi.
Khi the nam trong tam hoat o n g c u a b o h o i (thie t b oc/ghi), d lieu co th e
truyen theo c a hai h n gv ito c o cao.
Khoa n gca c h hoat ong toia phu thuocvaoquy nh tngni va bang tan tan
so s dung
Ba n g1.9: Khoangca ch hoat on gcu athe UCODE HSL trong ca cbang ta ns o
Khoa n gta nso
Ni s dung
G iatr nguon
Khoa n gca c hoc c ua

antenna n
869,4869,65MHz
Europe
0,5W ERP
4,0m
Europe
2W ERP
8,0m
902928MHz (UHF)
America
4W EIRP
8,4m
860960Hz (UHF)
Others
2,4GHz-2,4835GHz
Europe
(UHF)
865,5867,6MHz
(UHF)
0,5W
EIRP 0,6m
outdoor
2,4GHz-2,4835GHz
Europe
4W EIRP indoor
1,8m
2,4GHz-2,4835GHz
America
4W EIRP
1,8m
2,4GHz-2,4835GHz
Others
* Phantch xung o t, chongxung o t
Chc nang chong xung ot thong minh cho phep ca c th e hoat ong ong th i. Thuat
toanchongxung otla chon tngthe rieng le v a thao ta cv ith e c chon m otcach
chnh xacm akhonglam sai la c d lie u c u acac th ekhac.
* Tnh toa n ven d lie u
e viectruyen d lieu baoa m chnh x a c, truyen thongkhongtiep x uc g i a b o h o iv a
th eca npha ic o nhngaciem sau:
- 16bits CRC
- Bit emkiem tra
- Bit m a pha n bietgia1,0 v a khongco thongtin
- Bo giamsa tkenh
* Ca c n gdung tie uchu a n
SL3 ICS30 ho tr ay u ca c ngdung tieu chuan. SL3 ICS30 phuhp vica c
ngdung nh sau:
- MH10.8.4: nhan dang ta n so vo tuyen cho cac container hoan lai v a ca c truc
quanca p .
- AIAG B-11: lo pt ong v a nha n b a n hla ichuan nh dang tan so v o tuyen.
- ISO 18185: chuyench container, theniem phong ie n t g a n v a ocontainer e
b a oma tv a nhandang container.
* To ch cb o nh
Bo n h EEPROM 2048bits bao g o m b o n h UID, b o n h ng id u n gv a th o n gtin khoa
- Ca cieukientruy xua tghi: Moi byte trong b o n h n g id u n gc o th e c ghi
b a o ve rieng le .Ghi b a ov e k h o ic o th e se khongghi lai c n a.
- S oangk y: S oangky khongthethay oi,a mba os duy nh atcu am o inhan
- Cau hnh IC: UCODE HSL IC c o ca uhnh theo hangPhilips
- S o a n gk y la duy n h a tv a ch oc
- N hngieukientruy ca p ghi cho phepthay o ita tca ca cbyte ngoai tr nhng
byte chaso a n gk y
- Bo n h truy ca p ngidungkhongxacnh
aciem cu athe SL3 ICS30
* Giao dien RF
- Truyen d lie u khong
tiep x uctam xa v a khongca npin.

- Khoa n gca c hhoat ong phu thuocvaohnh dang antenna v a quy nh tngni,
t tren 8,4m cho antenna n.
- Tan so hoat ongkhoangt 860MHz-960Mhz v a 2,4GHz-2,5Ghz.
- Khoang ca c hghi bang70% khoangca c hoc.
* Bo nh
- 2048 bits
- Bo n h UID 64bits t byte 0 enbyte 7.
- 216 bytes b o nh n g id u ngt byte 8 enbyte 223.
- Lu tr d lieu 10 nam.
- G iihan ghi 100.000 chu k y .
* Ba oma t
- So a n g k y duy nha tcho m oithietb.
- C ca u khoa(ghi baove)cho m oibyte.
1.4. Ke tqua o ac thc t e vie coc the

V iec the quet qua vung oc cua Reader vim ot toc o khong co nh se dan
enviecoc thekhongconchnh xacna.B ivayviecoc theca n c khaosa tthc
te e a mb a om o hnh hoat ongto t.
D i a yla hnh a n hva k etq ua thu c thc te.
Ba n g 1.10: Ket qua o ac thc te ta m o thang go c cc ai cu a Reader

(UHF_R_G2_232_2A) v i hai loa i th e thu on g (SL3 ICS10 va SL3 ICS30 ch u an
UCODE EPC GEN2) di chuye nv iva nto ccc ai
Th e
Th e 1 (SL3 ICS10)
Th e 2 (SL3 ICS30)
ngyen
5,4m
9,7m
Tam xa
To c o cc ai
Tam xa
To c o cc a i
<4m
40km/h
<5m
60km/h
4-5m
35km/h
5-7m
45hm/h
Di chuyen
Ghi chu:Ca cth o n gso to io ac c tai trngai hoc Bach Khoa TP. H o Ch Minh
trong ieukien m oitr ng tng o ito t:
- Tam oc the:tam thang goc
0
- Nhie t o :34 C
- o a m :70%
- Va tca n :k ho n gco
- Nhieu:t
Hnh 1.3. Mo hnh thc te kha osa t

2.1. Kha oxa chien trang
2.1.1. Gi ithieu chung
Chng trnh q u a n ly nhan s c a p dung cho cong ty v a v a n h o v i lu
lng ngivaora ong thitren congkiem so a tkho ng qu aln.N eu viso lng ln
th ca n phaigiaiqu yetbaitoanchongung o vabaitoanve an ninh nhng to ikhong
e ca p lu a n v a n n a y.V ie c q u a n ly nhan s tai ca c congty hien thithngc the
hiennh sau:
Phanoc ghi th e: s dung ngonngC# 2005 vietphanmem oc ghi th e (m a
thenhanviense c ca tn ga n ed eda n gkiemsoat) ngdung congngheRFID
Bo p h a n qua n ly nhan s: viet phan mm
e quan ly n h a n s thong qua m a
nhan vien (khacvim athe ekhongtrung la kh o q u a n ly )s dung ngon ngC# v a s
dung he quan tr c s dlieu SQL server 2005 e q u a n ly con ngi,tien lng, ca c
b a oca o
Bo p hangiam sa t,ba ove: se kiem tra nha nvien cungnh ngira v a oco n g
kiem so a t da tren the nhan vien c o c h a ID rieng va ac iem nhan dang nhan
vien thongqua hnh anhhoacghi hnh.
2.1.2. C a cva n e a t ra cho he thongm i
Nha n x e t tnh hnh thc te: qua th c te ngh ien c utrong th igian thc tap tai
co n gty truye n d a nkhu vc 3 - Tong co ng ty vien thong Q u an oi
Viett el c u ng
nh nam batm o tso he thong quanl y nguonnhanlc hien c o tren th trng, nhan thay
rang so lng congviecquanly n h a n s trong m otcongty th ra tnhieu m ahauhetcac
congviecc lamthucongnenc o nhieubattien nh:
To nnhieuth igian trong vieclapbaoca ova thongke.
Ga y nhieubattien trong v ie c q u a nly so sach v a qua nl y nhanvien.
K hongthecho ca pl anh ao ca inhn bao quathe thongnhans cuacon g ty.
V iecra vaocon g ty tr nenlonxon,khongthongnhat.

Xua t p h a tt n h n g nhc ie m c u a h e th o n g q u a n ly c u c u a ca c cong ty nen
viecs dung tin hoc va oc o n gta cq u a nly la v ie c la m h p ly .
T nhngcongviecthc te,a ra he thongquan lyn h a n s v ica c chcnang
sau:
Qua nl y nhanvien,to ,oinhom ,phongban
Qua nly c o n gta cngh phep
Qua nl y chamcong
Qua nl y tien lng
H ethong ngidung
Ba oca oth on gke
2.1.3. Pham vi nghien c u
Tm hieu cong nghe RFID, xay dng phan mem oc ghi the , nghien c u qua
trnh q u a nlyn h a n s trong th c te va a pd u n g c o n gng h e RFID va omo tphan quatrnh
o .
2.1.4. Gi ihan he th ong
H e thong van cha to iu v a thieu m otso muc hang khac, viec quanly v e m at
an ninh c o nhan che,cha xa y dng m otcach hoanthiencacphanca p.
2.1.5. C a cch cnangcu ahe thongmi
He thongxaydng tren c s la m otngdung theo m o hnh client - server
V ingdung server:
- es dung chng trnh ngis dung phaiangnha p vaoheth o n g.
- oitng s dung: Admin, trngphongnhans
V ingdung client:
- Khongca nthietphaiangnha p e s dung chng trnh
- oitng s dung: Nhan vien phongke toan, tien lng, tonghp g i
ca cba oca o
Ch cnang ang nhap: Tu y v a o ta khoa

i n ang nhap ma h e tho ng se cho p h ep
ngidungs dung nhng chc nangnao.Do database at tai may cha chng trnh
dung cho server nen thong tin ang nhap ngoa itai kh oa n n g i d u ng con them ten
server v a ma tkhauserver
Ch c nangtm kiem: N gidungchng trnh cothe thc hien ca c thao ta ctm
k iem ngvim oim uc khacnhau nh: tm theo ten , m anha n vien,phongban
Ch cn a ng qua nly tai khoa n
Tao ta ikhoan:NgiAdmin m ic o quyentao ta ikhoanm i
Phan quyen: Chc nang naych c o Admin, do yeu ca u c o n g v ie c q u a n ly tai
congty m o tn g ic o the am nhiem nhieu cong viec nen m uc phan quyen naym ottai
khoancungc o th e c o nhieu quyenhan tu yva ov iecAdmin phancho.
2.2. Thiet ke s o
2.2.1. S o ch cnang
Hnh 2.1. S o chc nang
2.2.2. S o n g ca n h
Hnh 2.2. S o ng c a nh
2.2.3. S o luon gd lie u
Ta cnhan cuahe tho n gla :Nhanvien(thongtin), the nhanvien (tag) v a b o phan
tien lng trong congty..
Ta co s o lu o n gd lieu m cb o ica n hnh sau:
Hnh 2.3. S o luo n gd lie u

2.2.4. M o hnh c s d lie u
Viec xay dng c s d lieu la k h a l n ,s dung 2 cong cu c b a n la Table v a
View trong SQL Server 2005.
D i a yla m o hnh c s d lieu Ba n g2.1

-122-

Chng trnh H e thong quanly n h a n s c viet tren nen C# 2005 v a SQL
Server 2005 co n gv icong cu sinh code NetTiers 2.2 v a CodeSmithStudio v3.2.
D i ay to ixin trnh b a y s o g ia ith u a t vaca
c giao dien chnh c ua chng
trnh.
Chng trnh Q uanl y nhans c o th e chia lamca cluongthongtin chnh sau:
Qua nly h e thong
Giao dienchnh
oc ghi th e
Cham cong
Cac danh muc khac
3.1. Muc Qu an ly he th ong

3.1.1. Lu o gia ithuat
Hnh 3.1. Lu o gia ithua tqua nl y h e thong

3.1.2. Ket qu a thi co n g
Giao dien chng trnh

-123-
Hnh 3.2. Giao die nang nha phe thong

u nhc iem muc Q uanly he thong
u iem
- Muc quan l y he thong lam viec tren m ay ch u viphan ang nhap am bao
o n gb o v c
i s d lieu taora
- Muon thay oi ten ang nhap va m at khau phai vao giao dien chnh cu a
chng trnh
Nhc ie m
- Cha tao ra c ca cphan he ca nthiet
- V c s d lieu c chay tren nen windows va k h o n g tao bao m at nen ten
server v a ma tkhauserver cha c thietlap.

-124-
3.2. Giao d ien chng trnh chnh

Giao dien chng trnh
Hnh 3.3. Giao die nchng trnh chnh

u nhc iem Giao dien chng trnh chnh
u iem
- Giao dienc thietke k ha bat m at
- S du ng ca c congcu: MenuStrip, Imagelist, SplitContainer, SplitPanel, Panel,
TreeView, PictureBox, DataGrid v v
Nhc ie m
- N enco themProgressBar v a hieuch nhthem thuoctnh 3D
3.3. Mc oc, ghi the

3.3.1. Lu o gia ith u at

-125-
Hnh 3.4. Lu o gia ithua tmuc oc ghi

3.3.2. Ket qu a thi co n g
Giao dien chng trnh
Hnh 3.5. Giao die noc ghi

u nhc iem muc oc, ghi the
u iem
- oc c ID chnh x a ct th e (t bank 2 enbank 7)
- Ghi c ID va oth e.
- T ongoc lientuc theo chu k y la 1ms.
- Co thedun gchng trnh n a y e ghi thechuyen dung.

-126-
Nhc ie m
- Trong luan van nay,to i c h i sa u tm hieu viec oc ghi, khong tm hieu ca c
ca c hkhoath e ,vo h ie u h o ath e ,kill th e
3.4. M uc chamco ng
3.4.1. Lu o gia ithuat
Hnh 3.6. Lu o gia ithua tmuc Cha m c o ng

3.4.2 K etqua thi co n g
Giao dien chng trnh

-127-
Hnh 3.7. Giao die nC ham co ng

u, nhc iem muc Chamco n g
u iem
- Chng trnh oc thenhan vien n gv igi v a ova g i ra chnh x a c
- T ongoc g i v a ora theo chu k y 4s.
Nhc ie m
- Can thiet lapthem chu k y th igian oc thee a p n g u n gv iye u ca u thc
te n gv ilu lng nhan vienvaora congnhieuhay t
3.4. Ca cDanh muc khac

Ca cdanh m uc khac bao gom nhan s, danh muc, quanly ,tnh lng... c xay
dng da tren c s thc te trong th igian thc tap tai Cong ty truyen dan khu vc 3
Tong cong ty vien thong quan oi Viettel va nhng thong tin thu c t n h ie u
nguon khacnhau.

-128-
Chng 4. T O NG KET VA A N HGIA

4.1. anh gia
Chng trnh oc, ghi th e chay to t, dunge ghi th e nhanvienchuyendung.
Chng trnh He thongquanl y nhans hoat onghieu qua.
C s d lieu c cap nhatlien tuc v a lu v a oma ytnh.
Tien dung trong viec quanly n h a n l c m a k h o n g to n n h ie u chi ph v a nhan
cong.
4.2. Han ch e
Ca cm o hnh q u a n ly n h a n l c trong nchien thiang m cs khai va c h
p h uhp vit n gdoanh nghieprieng nen vane tham khaoco nnhieumathan che.
Cha thiet lap c ca c ph an he, b aoca o tong hp va m otso hang muc nh
tuyendung
Viec s dun g th e e ra vaocong cong ty cho nen van e chong ung o,an
ninh canco them cacgia iphapkha c
4.3. Hng phattrien e ta i
Can tham khao them ca c m o hnh thc te c ua m o tso doanh nghiep e hoan
thien chng trnh.
K ethp Reader v ic at o nggiu pcho viec ra vaocongcuanhanviendien
ra o n g b o v a linh hoat. Cach thcthc hien nh sau: trong th igian oc the khi x a c
nh chnh x a cnha n viencuacongty th c at o n g m
ra.
Va n e an ninh c o thegiaiqu yet neu
trang b them camera, trong khoang thi
gian nhanvienvaohoa c ra khoicongse c o m o tcamera ghi nhan lai.
Chng trnh q u a n ly n h a n s c h lu dlieu tren m ay tnh, neu nang ca p
chng trnh e c o th e Up d lie u le n server th ra ttien dung cho v ie c q u a nly t xa.

-129-
T A LI IE UTHAM KH A O
GIA OTRNH
[1]. Klaus Finkenzeller, (2003). RFID Handbook, Second Edition. Giesecke &
Devrient DmbH, Munich, Germany.
[2]. Jerry Banks et al, (2007). RFID Applied. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New
Jersey .
[3]. Shahram Moradpour, Manish Bhuptani, (2005). RFID Field Guide:
Deploying Radio Frequency Identification Systems. Prentice Hall PTR.
TRANG WEB
[1]. Tong hp mot s o b a iviet tai: http://vnpro.org
[2]. Tham khaocac b ai b a otai: http://dientuvietnam.net

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AI HOC QUO CGIA TP HO CH MINH

TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA

GVHD: ThS. NGUYEN CH NG OC

Tp.Ho Ch Minh 1/2010

NHA NX E TA N HGIA (Ng ip h a nbie n )

NHA NX E TA N HGIA (GVHD)

TR NGA IH OC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM CONG H OA X A HOI CH U NGHA VIET NAM

o cla p T do Hanh phuc

PHIE UC H A MB A OVE LU A NVA N

TR NGA IH OC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM CONG H OA X A HOI CH U NGHA VIET NAM

oclap T do Hanh phuc

PHIE UC H A MB A OVE LU A NVA N

A IHOC QU OC GIA Tp.HCM

KHOA: IEN IEN T

HO V A TE N : NGUYE NNH THA N H

1. a u eluanvan: N GD U N G C O N GNGH E RFID

CHU NHIE MBO M O N

PHA NDANH CHO KHOA, BO MO N

Tp.H Ch Minh 1/2010

T O MTA TLU A NVA N

CO N GVIE CA THC HIE N

T O MTA TNO DUNG

TM HI E UCO NG NGH E NHAN DANGV O TUYE N- RFID

trien cuahe thongRFID ............................................................... .... 5

1.3.2. Reader ............................... ................................................................ ................... 17

Chng 2. CAC HE THO N GRFID C BA N

2.1.3. Bo chia ta nso............................................................................................... ........ 50

Chng 3. CA UTRU CCU ATHIET B MANG D LIE U

Chng 4. CA UTRU CCU AREADER

4.3.1. K e tn o is dung dongienphoihp............................................................... ..... 86

Chng 5. MA HOA VA IE UCHE D LIE U

Chng 6. S CHNH XA CCUA D LIE U

1.1.1. G i ithieu eta i............................................................................................... .. 105

Chng 2. PHA NTCH HE THO NG

Chng 3. CHNG TRNH VA KET QU A THI C ONG

3.2. Giao dienchng trnh chnh ............................................................... ..................... 125

Chng 4. T O NG KET VA A N HGIA

TM HIE UCO NG NGH E NHAN DANGV O TUYE N RFID

Hnh 1.21. n gdung con g ngh e RFID v a oth v ie n........................................................... 38

Chng 2. CAC HE THO N GRFID C BA N

Chng 3. CA UTRU CCU ATHIET B MANG D LIE U

Hnh 3.3. S o kho i cu a mo t mach HF c u a transponder lie n k e t ca m ng v i bo load

Chng 4. CA UTRU CCU AREADER

Chng 5. MA HO A VA IE UCHE D LIE U

Hnh 5.1. S o kho ih e thong vienthong so ............................................................... ....... 89

Chng 6. S CHNH XA CCUA D LIE U

Chng 1. T O NG QUAN V E HE THONG

Chng 2. PHA NTCH HE THO NG

Chng 3. CHNG TRNH VA KET QU A THI C ONG

DANH SA C HBA NG BIE U

TM HI E UCO NG NGH E NHAN DANGV O TUYE N- RFID

Chng 2. CAC HE THO N GRFID C BA N

Chng 4. CA UTRU CCU AREADER

Bang 1.3: Ca cthongso ve oc ghi cu aReader (DL910) ............................... ................. 107

Chng 2. PHA NTCH HE THO NG

DANH SA C HCAC T VIET TA T

SEQ (Sequential System): H eth on gtu an t

TM HI E UCO NG NGH E NHAN DANGV O TUYE N- RFID

Hnh 1.1. Ma vach

SVTH: Nguyen nh Tha n h

GVHD: Ths. Nguyen Ch Ngoc

Hnh 1.2. Ky t quang ho c

The thong minh la mot he thong lu tr d lieu ien t. No co kch thc