CHUYN 3 : HIROCACBON KHNG NO

BI TP V ANKEN
Cu 1: Anken X c cng thc cu to: CH3CH2C(CH3)=CHCH3. Tn ca X l
A. isohexan. B. 3-metylpent-3-en. C. 3-metylpent-2-en. D. 2-etylbut-2-en.
Cu 2: S ng phn ca C4H8 l
A. 7. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5.
Cu 3: Hp cht C5H10 mch h c bao nhiu ng phn cu to ?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10.
Cu 4: Hp cht C5H10 c bao nhiu ng phn anken ?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
Cu 5: Hp cht C5H10 c bao nhiu ng phn cu to ?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10.
Cu 6: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z
bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc d.y ng ng
A. ankin. B. ankan. C. ankaien. D. anken.
Cu 7: Anken X c c im: Trong phn t c 8 lin kt xch ma. CTPT ca X
l
A. C2H4. B. C4H8. C. C3H6. D. C5H10.
Cu 8: Vitamin A cng thc phn t C20H30O, co cha 1 vong

6 canh

va
khng co cha lin kt ba. S lin kt i trong phn t vitamin A la
A. 7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.
ADCT tnh s pi + v.ng = (2.20 -30 +2)/2 = 6
A cha 1 v.ng => s pi = 6 1 =5 pi hay 5 lin kt i V. khng cha lin kt 3 =>
C

Cu 9: Licopen, cng thc phn t C40H56 la cht mau

o trong qua ca chua,
chi cha lin kt i va lin kt n trong phn t. Hiro hoa
hoan
toan

licopen c hirocacbon C40H82. Vy

licopen co
A. 1 vong;

12 ni i. B. 1 vong;

5 ni i. C. 4 vong;

5 ni i. D. mach

h;
13 ni i.
Cu 10: Cho cc cht sau: 2-metylbut-1-en (1); 3,3-imetylbut-1-en (2); 3metylpent-1-en (3);
3-metylpent-2-en (4); Nhng cht no l ng phn ca nhau ?
A. (3) v (4). B. (1), (2) v (3). C. (1) v (2). D. (2), (3) v (4).
Cu 11: Hp cht no sau y c ng phn h.nh hc ?
A. 2-metylbut-2-en. B. 2-clo-but-1-en. C. 2,3- iclobut-2-en. D. 2,3imetylpent-2-en.
Cu 12: Nhng hp cht no sau y c ng phn h.nh hc (cis-trans) ?
CH3CH=CH2 (I); CH3CH=CHCl (II); CH3CH=C(CH3)2 (III); C2H5C(CH3)=C(CH3)
C2H5 (IV); C2H5C(CH3)=CClCH3 (V).
A. (I), (IV), (V). B. (II), (IV), (V). C. (III), (IV). D. (II), III, (IV), (V).
Cu 13: Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CHCH2CH2CH=CH2; CH2=CHCH=CHCH2CH3;
CH3C(CH3)=CHCH2; CH2=CHCH2CH=CH2; CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3;
CH3C(CH3)=CHCH2CH3;
CH3CH2C(CH3)=C(C2H5)CH(CH3)2; CH3CH=CHCH3.
S cht c ng phn h.nh hc l:
A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 14: p dng quy tc Maccopnhicop vo trng hp no sau y ?
A. Phn ng cng ca Br2 vi anken i xng.
C. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken i xng.
B. Phn ng trng hp ca anken.

D. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken bt i xng.

Cu 15: Khi cho but-1-en tc dng vi dung dch HBr, theo qui tc
Maccopnhicop sn phm no sau y l sn phm chnh ?
A. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH2Br. C. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH3.
B. CH2Br-CH2-CH2-CH2Br . D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Br.
Cu 16: Anken C4H8 c bao nhiu ng phn khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl
ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht ?
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 17: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2metylbut-2-en. D.y gm cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H2 (d, xc tc Ni, to),
cho cng mt sn phm l:
A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en. B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cisbut-2-en.
C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en. D. 2-metylpropen, cis -but-2-en
v xiclobutan.
Cu 18: Cho hn hp tt c cc ng phn mch h ca C4H8 tc dng vi
H2O (H+,to) thu c ti a bao nhiu sn phm cng ?
A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5
Cu 19: C bao nhiu anken th kh (kt) m khi cho mi anken tc
dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn phm hu
c duy nht ?
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 20: Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l
A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). B. propen v but-2-en (hoc
buten-2).
C. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). D. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1).
Cu 21: Anken thch hp iu ch ancol sau y (CH3 CH2)3C-OH l
A. 3-etylpent-2-en. B. 3-etylpent-3-en. C. 3-etylpent-1-en.D. 3,3imetylpent-1-en.
Cu 22: Hirat ha hn hp X gm 2 anken thu c ch thu c 2 ancol. X
gm
A. CH2=CH2 v CH2=CHCH3. B. CH2=CH2 v CH3CH=CHCH3.
C. B hoc D. D. CH3CH=CHCH3 v CH2=CHCH2CH3.
Cu 23: S cp ng phn cu to anken th kh (kt) tho m.n iu kin:
Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 24: S cp ng phn anken th kh (kt) tho m.n iu kin: Khi
hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol l:
A. 6. B. 7. C. 5. D. 8.
Cu 25: Hp cht X c CTPT C3H6, X tc dng vi dung dch HBr thu c mt
sn phm hu c duy nht. Vy X l:
A. propen. B. propan. C. isopropen. D. xicloropan.
Cu 26: Hai cht X, Y c CTPT C3H6 v C4H8 v u tc dng c vi nc
brom. X, Y l
A. Hai anken hoc xicloankan v.ng 3 cnh. C. Hai anken hoc xicloankan v.ng
4 cnh.
B. Hai anken hoc hai ankan. D. Hai anken ng ng ca nhau.
Cu 27: C hai ng nghim, mi ng cha 1 ml dung dch brom trong nc
c mu vng nht. Thm vo ng th nht 1 ml hexan v ng th hai 1 ml

hex-1-en. Lc u c hai ng nghim, sau yn hai ng nghim trong vi

pht. Hin tng quan st c l:
A. C s tch lp cc cht lng c hai ng nghim. B. Mu vng nht vn
khng i ng nghim th nht
C. ng nghim th hai c hai lp cht lng u khng mu D. A, B, C u
ng.
Cu 28: Trng hp eten, sn phm thu c c cu to l:
A. (-CH2=CH2-)n . B. (-CH2-CH2-)n . C. (-CH=CH-)n.D. (-CH3-CH3-)n .
Cu 29: Oxi ho etilen bng dung dch KMnO4 thu c sn phm l:
A. MnO2, C2H4(OH)2, KOH. C. K2CO3, H2O, MnO2.
B. C2H5OH, MnO2, KOH. D. C2H4(OH)2, K2CO3, MnO2.
Cu 30: X la hn
hp gm
2 hirocacbon. t chay
X c nCO2 = nH2O. X
co th gm

A. 1xicloankan + anken.B. 1ankan + 1ankin. C. 2 anken. D. A hoc B hoc C.

Cu 35: Khi lng etilen thu c khi un nng 230 gam ru etylic vi
H2SO4 m c, hiu sut phn ng t 40% l:
A. 56 gam. B. 84 gam. C. 196 gam. D. 350 gam.
Phn ng tch H2O SGK 11 nc 227
Ru etylic C2H5OH => C2H5OH => C2H4 etilen + H2O
5 mol => 5 mol

Cu 36: Cho 3,36 lt hn hp etan v etilen (ktc) i chm qua qua dung dch
brom d. Sau phn ng khi lng b.nh brom tng thm 2,8 gam. S mol
etan v etilen trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 0,05 v 0,1. B. 0,1 v 0,05. C. 0,12 v 0,03.D. 0,03 v 0,12.
Cu 37: 2,8 gam anken A lam
mt mau
va u dung dich
cha 8 gam Br2.
Hirat hoa
A chi thu c mt ancol duy nht.
A co tn la:
A. etilen. B. but - 2-en. C. hex- 2-en. D. 2,3-dimetylbut-2-en.
Cu 38: 0,05 mol hirocacbon X lam
mt mau
va u dung dich

cha 8 gam
brom cho ra san
phm
co ham
lng brom at 69,56%. Cng thc phn t
cua
X la:
A. C3H6. B. C4H8. C. C5H10. D. C5H8.
Cu 39: Dn t t 8,4 gam hn hp X gm but-1-en v but-2-en li chm qua
b.nh ng dung dch Br2, khi kt thc phn ng thy c m gam brom phn
ng. m c gi tr l:
A. 12 gam. B. 24 gam. C. 36 gam. D. 48 gam.
Cu 40: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo
b.nh nc brom d, thy khi lng b.nh tng thm 7,7 gam. Thnh phn
phn % v th tch ca hai anken l:
A. 25% v 75%. B. 33,33% v 66,67%. C. 40% v 60%. D. 35% v 65%.
Cu 41: Hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng lin tip c th tch 4,48 lt (
ktc). Nu cho hn hp X i qua b.nh ng nc brom d, khi lng b.nh
tng ln 9,8 gam. % th tch ca mt trong 2 anken l:
A. 50%. B. 40%. C. 70%. D. 80%.
Cu 42: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo
b.nh nc brom d, thy khi lng b.nh tng thm 7,7 gam. CTPT ca 2
anken l:
A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. C5H10 v C6H12.
Cu 43: Mt hn hp X c th tch 11,2 lt (ktc), X gm 2 anken ng ng
k tip nhau. Khi cho X qua nc Br2 d thy khi lng b.nh Br2 tng 15,4
gam. Xc nh CTPT v s mol mi anken trong hn hp X.

A. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,3 mol C3H6. B. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C4H8.
C. 0,4 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C3H6. D. 0,3 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C3H6.
Cu 44: Mt hn hp X gm ankan A v anken B, A c nhiu hn B mt
nguyn t cacbon, A v B u th kh ( ktc). Khi cho 6,72 lt kh X (ktc)
i qua nc brom d, khi lng b.nh brom tng ln 2,8 gam; th tch kh c.n
li ch bng 2/3 th tch hn hp X ban u. CTPT ca A, B v khi lng ca
hn hp X l:
A. C4H10, C3H6 ; 5,8 gam. B. C3H8, C2H4 ; 5,8 gam.
C. C4H10, C3H6 ; 12,8 gam. D. C3H8, C2H4 ; 11,6 gam.
Cu 45: Mt hn hp X gm ankan A v mt anken B c cng s nguyn t C
v u th kh ktc. Cho hn hp X i qua nc Br2 d th. th tch kh Y c.n
li bng na th tch X, c.n khi lng Y bng 15/29 khi lng X. CTPT A, B
v thnh phn % theo th tch ca hn hp X l
A. 40% C2H6 v 60% C2H4. B. 50% C3H8v 50% C3H6
C. 50% C4H10 v 50% C4H8. D. 50% C2H6 v 50% C2H4
Cu 46 : Hn hp X gm metan v 1 olefin. Cho 10,8 lt hn hp X qua dung
dch brom d thy c 1 cht kh bay ra, t chy hon ton kh ny thu c
5,544 gam CO2. Thnh phn % v th tch metan v olefin trong hn hp X l:
A. 26,13% v 73,87%. B. 36,5% v 63,5%.
C. 20% v 80%. D. 73,9% v 26,1%.
Cu 47: Cho 8960 ml (ktc) anken X qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng
thy khi lng b.nh brom tng 22,4 gam. Bit X
c ng phn h.nh hc. CTCT ca X l:
A. CH2=CHCH2CH3. B. CH3CH=CHCH3.
C. CH3CH=CHCH2CH3. D. (CH3)2C=CH2.
Cu 48: a. Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l
mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08%Br v khi lng). Khi X phn
ng vi HBr thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l:
A. but-1-en. B. but-2-en. C. Propilen. D. Xiclopropan.
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm metan v anken, cho 5,6 lt X qua dung dch brom
d thy khi lng b.nh brom tng 7,28 gam v c 2,688 lt kh bay ra (ktc).
CTPT ca anken l:
A. C4H8. B. C5H10. C. C3H6. D. C2H4
Cu 50: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l vo b.nh nc brom
d, thy khi lng b.nh tng thm 7,7 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l:
A. C2H4 v C4H8. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. A hoc B.
Cu 51: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (54,6oC; 0,8064 atm) gm 2 olefin li qua b.nh
dung dch brom d thy khi lng b.nh brom tng 16,8 gam. CTPT ca 2
anken l (Bit s C trong cc anken khng vt qu 5)
A. C2H4 v C5H10.B. C3H6 v C5H10. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. A hoc B.
Cu 52: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn
phm c thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C3H6. B. C4H8. C. C2H4. D. C5H10.
Cu 53: Cho hn hp X gm etilen v H2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 4,25. Dn X
qua bt niken nung nng (hiu sut phn ng 75%) thu c hn hp Y. T
khi ca Y so vi H2 (cc th tch o cng iu kin) l:
A. 5,23. B. 3,25. C. 5,35. D. 10,46.
Cu 54: Cho H2 v 1 olefin c th tch bng nhau qua Niken un nng ta c
hn hp A. Bit t khi hi ca A i vi H2
l 23,2. Hiu sut phn ng hiro ho l 75%. Cng thc phn t olefin l

A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10.

Cu 55: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn
phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc
tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm
mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca
anken l:
A. CH3CH=CHCH3. B. CH2=CHCH2CH3. C. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. CH2=CH2.
Cu 56: Cho hn hp X gm anken v hiro c t khi so vi heli bng 3,33.
Cho X i qua bt niken nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c hn hp Y c t khi so vi heli l 4. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10.
Cu 57: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua
Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca
phn ng hiro ho l:
A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 40%.
Cu 58: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp eten, propen, but-2-en cn dng
va b lt oxi ( ktc) thu c 2,4 mol CO2 v 2,4 mol nc. Gi tr ca b l:
A. 92,4 lt. B. 94,2 lt. C. 80,64 lt. D. 24,9 lt.
Cu 59: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 thu c
0,15 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 2,24. B. 3,36. C. 4,48. D. 1,68.
Cu 60: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hm hp gm CH4, C4H10 v C2H4 thu
c 0,14 mol CO2 v 0,23mol H2O. S mol ca ankan v anken trong hn hp
ln lt l:
A. 0,09 v 0,01. B. 0,01 v 0,09. C. 0,08 v 0,02.D. 0,02 v 0,08.
Cu 61: Mt hn hp kh gm 1 ankan v 1 anken c cng s nguyn t C
trong phn t v c cng s mol. Ly m gam hn hp ny th. lm mt mu
va 80 gam dung dch 20% Br2 trong dung mi CCl4. t chy hon ton m
gam hn hp thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Ankan v anken c cng thc phn
t l:
A. C2H6 v C2H4. B. C4H10 v C4H8. C. C3H8 v C3H6. D. C5H12 v C5H10.
BTNT C : m. nCnH2n+2 + m. nCnH2n = nCO2 m.0,1 +m.0,1 = 0,6 m = 3 =>
C3H8 v C3H6 => C

Cu 62: t chy hon ton 10ml hirocacbon X cn va 60 ml kh oxi,

sau phn ng thu c 40 ml kh cacbonic. Bit
X lm mt mu dung dch brom v c mch cacbon phn nhnh. CTCT ca X
A. CH2=CHCH2CH3. B. CH2=C(CH3)2. C. CH2=C(CH2)2CH3. D. (CH3)2C=CHCH3.
X c mch C phn nhnh => Loi A .
ADCT phn chuyn i cng CT : CxHy => x = VCO2 / VX = 40/10 = 4 => B
v. B c 4C
Hoc t.m y : x + y/4 = VO2 / VX 4 + y/4 = 6 y = 8 ci ny t => p n =>
CT : CnH2n 1 lin kt pi

Cu 63: Cho 0,2 mol hn hp X gm etan, propan v propen qua dung dch
brom d, thy khi lng b.nh brom tng 4,2 gam.
Lng kh c.n li em t chy hon ton thu c 6,48 gam nc. Vy % th
tch etan, propan v propen ln lt l:
A. 30%, 20%, 50%. B. 20%, 50%, 30%. C. 50%, 20%, 30%. D. 20%, 30%,
50%.
Etan C2H6 ; propan C3H8 propen C3H6 => m tng = mC3H6= 4,2 g V. ch
c C3H6 p

 n C2H6 + nC3H8 = nHn hp nC3H6 = 0,2 0,1 = 0,1 => %VC3H6 =

nC3H6.100%/ nhh = 50%
kh i l C2H6 v C3H8 => BTNT H : => 6nC2H6 + 8nC3H8 = 2nH2O = 0,72
Gii h => nC2H6 = 0,04 ; nC3H8 = 0,06 => %V = n / nhn hp => D

Cu 64: Mt hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon A, B c cng s nguyn t

cacbon. A, B ch c th l ankan hay anken. t chy
4,48 lt (kc) hn hp X thu c 26,4 gam CO2 v 12,6 gam H2O. Xc nh
CTPT v s mol ca A, B trong hn hp X.
A. 0,1 mol C3H8 v 0,1 mol C3H6. B. 0,2 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H4.
C. 0,08 mol C3H8 v 0,12 mol C3H6. D. 0,1 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H4.

Ta c A,B cng s C => CT: CmH2m+2A ; CmH2mB A,B l ankan v anken

m = nCO2 / nhh = 0,6 / 0,2 = 3 => C3H8 v C3H6 => B v D sai
Th p n A vo tha m.n iu kin 8nC3H8 + 6nC3H6 = 2nH2O => A ng
Nu A sai => C ng
Hoc c th gii h BTNTC , H => 3x + 3y = nCO2 ; 8x + 6y = 2nH2O => x = y =
0,1

Cu 65: Mt hn hp X gm 1 anken A v 1 ankin B, A v B c cng s

nguyn t cacbon. X c khi lng l 12,4 gam, c
th tch l 6,72 lt. Cc th tch kh o ktc. CTPT v s mol A, B trong hn
hp X l:
A. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2. B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4. D. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2.

Anken v Ankin c cng C => CT A:CnH2n ; B: CnH2n 2 A l anken ; B l ankin

Gi x , y l s mol ca A,B => m hn hp = 14n.x + (14n 2).y = 12,4 14n(x+y)
2y = 12,4
n hn hp = x + y = 0,3 mol => Th vo trn => 4,2n 2y = 12,4 4,2n = 12,4 +
2y
n > 12,4/4,2 =2,95 hay n > 2,95 => p n => n = 3 => C3H6 v C3H4 => Loi
A v D
B sai v. nhn hp = 0,2 # 0,3 => C

Cu 66: Mt hn hp A gm 2 hirocacbon X, Y lin tip nhau trong cng d.y

ng ng. t chy 11,2 lt hn hp X thu
c 57,2 gam CO2 v 23,4 gam H2O. CTPT X, Y v khi lng ca X, Y l:
A. 12,6 gam C3H6 v 11,2 gam C4H8. B. 8,6 gam C3H6v 11,2 gam C4H8.
C. 5,6 gam C2H4 v 12,6 gam C3H6. D. 2,8 gam C2H4 v 16,8 gam C3H6.
p n => CT dng :CnH2n Hoc da vo nCO2 = nH2O = 1,3 mol

Cch 1.m. tng p n => Ph hp n hn hp = 0,5 mol ; a . nCaH2a + b . nCbH2b =

nCO2 BT nguyn t C => C ng
Cch 2. Gii nhanh : ta c n = nCO2 / nhh = 1,3 / 0,5 = 2,6 => C2H4 v C3H6 =>
Loi A , B
V 0,6nC2H4 = 0,4nC3H6 = 3nC2H4 = 2nC3H6 Xem phn chuyn 1 v cch xc
nh t l da vo n
=> Chn nC2H4 = 2x => nC3H6 = 3x
=> n hn hp = 2x + 3x = 0,5 => x = 0,1 => nC2H4 = 0,2 ; nC3H6 = 0,3 => m =>
C ng

Cu 67: t chy hon ton 0,05 mol mt anken A thu c 4,48 lt CO2
(ktc). Cho A tc dng vi dung dch HBr ch cho
mt sn phm duy nht. CTCT ca A l:
A. CH2=CH2. B. (CH3)2C=C(CH3)2. C. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. CH3CH=CHCH3.

Anken : CnH2n => n = nCO2 / nAnken = 4 => C4H8 ; A p vi HBr => to ra 1 sn

phm => A l anken i xng
=> D tha m.n

Cu 68: Hn hp X gm propen v B l ng ng theo t l th tch 1:1. t

1 th tch hn hp X cn 3,75 th tch oxi (cng
k). Vy B l:
A. eten. B. propan. C. buten. D. penten.
T l th tch = t l s mol => nPropen = nB
p n => A,C,D u l anken ui en => Xt Trng hp B l anken nu khng
ng => B ng v. A,C,D sai
B c CT : CnH2n ;
T l th V = t l s mol => Chn nX = 1 mol => nO2 = 3,75 mol ; nC3H6 = nB =
0,5 mol T l 1 : 1
Ta lun c nO2 = (x + y/4).nCxHy => 3,75 = (3+6/4).nC3H6 + (n+2n/4).nCnH2n
3,75 = 2,25 + (3n/2) . 0,5 n = 2 => C2H4 => eten => A

Cu 69: em t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng

ng k tip nhau thu c CO2 v nc c khi
lng hn km nhau 6,76 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l:
A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C3H6 v C4H8. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. C5H10 v C6H12.
Ta lun c nCO2 = n .nAnken ; nH2O = n . nAnken C n H2 n + O2 => n CO2 + n
H2O Hoc bo ton nguyn t
=> mCO2 mH2O = 44. n .0,1 18. n .0,1 = 6,76 => n = 2,6 => n = 2 v n =3
Lin tip =>A

Cu 70: X, Y, Z la 3 hirocacbon k tip

trong day
ng

ng, trong o MZ =
2MX. t chay
hoan
toan
0,1 mol Y ri hp
thu
toan
b san
phm
chay
vao
2 lit dung dich

Ba(OH)2 0,1M c mt lng kt

tua
la:
A. 19,7 gam. B. 39,4 gam. C. 59,1 gam. D. 9,85 gam.
Ta thy X,Y,Z => C2H4 ; C3H6 v C4H8 xem li cc bi trn
0,1 mol YC3H6 => 0,3 mol CO2 BTNT C
ADCT : nCO32- BaCO3= nOH- Bazo - nCO2 = 2nBa(OH)2 nCO2 = 2.0,2 0,3
= 0,1
Xem phn chuyn 1 C CT cu 65
m kt ta = 19,7 g =>A

Cu 71: Chia hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4, C2H2 thnh hai phn u nhau.

Phn 1: t chy hon ton thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc).
Phn 2: Hiro ho ri t chy ht th. th tch CO2 thu c (ktc) l bao
nhiu ?
A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt.

Phn 1 => nC(trong hn hp) = nCO2 thu c

Phn 2=> nC (trong hn hp) = nCO2 thu c => nCO2 phn 1 = nCO2 phn 2 =>
V1 = V2 = 2,24 lt =>B
Khi hidro ha ch lm thay i H P cng H2 => khng lam thay i C => BT
nguyn t C khng i.

Cu 72: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch

CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml
CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so
vi kh H2 l:
A. 12,9. B. 25,8. C. 22,2. D. 11,1
T l th tch = t l s mol => 20 ml hn hp X => 24 ml CO2 20 mol X => 24
mol CO2
nCO = 2nCH4 Gi x,y l mol C3H6 v CH4 => nCO = 2y => n hn hp = nC3H6 +
nCH4 + nCO
= x + y + 2y = x + 3y = 20

BTNT C => 3nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO = nCO2 3x + y + 2y = 24 Gii h => x = 2 ;y

=6
nC3H6 = 2 ; nCH4 = 6 ; nCO = 12 => m hn hp = mC3H6 + mCH4 + mCO =
2.42 + 6.16 + 12.26 = 516
M hn hp = m hn hp / n hn hp = 516 / 20 = 25,8 => T khi vi H2 = 25,8/2
= 12,9 =>A

Cu 73: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol anken X thu c CO2 v hi nc. Hp
th hon ton sn phm bng 100 gam dung
dch NaOH 21,62% thu c dung dch mi trong nng ca NaOH ch
c.n 5%. Cng thc phn t ng ca X l:
A. C2H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C5H10.

Anken => CT : CnH2n => nCO2 = 0,1.n mol

CO2 p vi NaOH sau p thy d NaOH => CO2 ht ; NaOH d ( bi)
P : CO2 + 2NaOH => Na2CO3 + H2O => nNaOH p = 2nCO2 = 0,2n =>
mNaOH p = 8n (g)
m NaOH d = mNaOH ban u - mNaOH p = 100.21,62/100% - 8n = 21,62 8n
Ta c m dd sau p => mH2O + mCO2 + mddNaOH = 1,8 n + 4,4n + 100 (V. cho
ton b sn phm vo)
C% NaOH sau p = mNaOH d / mdd sau p
5% = (21,62-8n).100%/(4,4n + 1,8n +100) n = 2 => C2H4 (Chc chn n = 2 v.
21,62 8n >0 => n < 2,7
n = 2 (Hoc c th th p n => A
Dng ny c CT : C% = (mNaOH ban u 8 n ) / (6,2 n + mddNaOH)

Cu 74: X la hn
hp gm
hirocacbon A va O2 (ti l mol tng ng 1:10).
t chay
hoan
toan
X c hn
hp Y. Dn
Y qua
binh

H2SO4 c d c hn
Z co ti khi so vi hiro la 19. A co cng thc
phn t la:
A. C2H6. B. C4H8. C C4H6. D. C3H6.

T l mol 1:10 => Chn nA = 1 mol => nO2 = 10 mol

t X => Y => cho Y qua H2SO4 c => H2O b H2SO4 hp th => hn hp Z l
CO2 v O2 d V. Nu ch c CO2 => M = 44 m
M = 38
Gi a , b l mol CO2 v O2 d => M = m hn hp / n hn hp = (44a + 32b) / (a+b)
= 38
6a = 6b a = b ; Ta lun c x . nCxHy = nCO2 BT nguyn tt C x = nCO2
=> x = a = b
Ta lun c nO2 p = (x + y/4) .nCxHy
nO2 ban u nO2 d = (x + y/4).nCxHy 10 x = (x +y/4) 2x + y/4 = 10
=> Th p n
=> B tha m.n x = 4 v y = 8

Cu 75: m gam hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4 v C2H2 chy hon ton thu c

4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nu hiro ho hon ton m
gam hn hp trn ri t chy ht hn hp thu c V lt CO2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca V l:
A. 3,36. B. 2,24. C. 4,48. D. 1,12.
Xem bi 71 => C

Cu 76: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo b.nh ng dung

dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, c 4 gam brom . phn ng v c.n li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon
ton 1,68 lt X th. sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2. Cng thc
phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc)
A. CH4 v C2H4. B. CH4 v C3H4. C. CH4 v C3H6. D. C2H6 v C3H6.

p n => Hn hp X cha ankan => c.n li 1,12 lt = Vankan V. ankan ko p =>

nAnkan = 0,05 mol
Vcht c.n li X = V hn hp Vankan = 1,68 1,12 = 0,56 lt => n X = 0,025 mol
Ta c nX = nBr2 = 0,025 mol => X c k = 1 hay c CT : CnH2n ; Y l ankan :
CmH2m+2
Da vo . c.n li 1,68 lt => 2,8 lt => m.nAnkan + n.nanken = 0,125 m.0,05 +
n.0,025 = 0,125
2m + n = 5 => m = 1 v n = 3 hoc m = 2 ; n =1 Loi n = 1 v. khng c CnH2n
no c n =1 ; n 2
=> m = 1 ; n = 3 => CH4 v C3H6 => C

Cu 77: Hn
hp X gm
C3H8 va C3H6 co ti khi so vi hiro la 21,8. t chay

ht 5,6 lit X (ktc) thi thu c bao nhiu gam

CO2 va bao nhiu gam H2O ?
A. 33 gam va 17,1 gam. B. 22 gam va 9,9 gam. C. 13,2 gam va 7,2 gam.D.
33 gam va 21,6 gam.

Gi x , y l mol C3H8 v C3H6 => nhn hp = nC3H8 + nC3H6 = x + y = 5,6/22,4 =

0,25 mol
m hn hp = mC3H8 + mC3H6 = 44x + 42y = M hn hp . nhn hp = 21,8.2.0,25
GIi h => x = 0,2 ; y = 0,05
BTNT C => 3nC3H8 + 3nC3H6 = nCO2 = 3.0,2 + 3.0,05 = 0,75 mol => mCO2 = 33
g
BTNT H => 8nC3H8 + 6nC3H6 = 2nH2O => . => mH2O = 17,1 g => A

Cu 78: Hin nay PVC c iu ch theo s sau:

C2H4 CH2ClCH2Cl C2H3Cl PVC.
Nu hiu sut ton b qu tr.nh t 80% th. lng C2H4 cn dng sn xut
5000 kg PVC l:
A. 280 kg. B. 1792 kg. C. 2800 kg. D. 179,2 kg.
PVC : C2H3Cl SGK 11 nc 163 BT NT C => 2nC2H4 = 2nC2H3Cl nC2H4 =
nC2H3Cl = 80mol
mC2H4 theo PT = 80.28 = 2240 mol
H% p = mPT . 100% / mTT 80% = 2240.100% / m TT => mTT = 2800 m
Thc tt => C
Xem li H% bi 35

Cu 79: Thi 0,25 mol kh etilen qua 125 ml dung dch KMnO4 1M trong mi
trng trung tnh (hiu sut 100%) khi lng
etylen glicol thu c bng
A. 11,625 gam. B. 23,25 gam. C. 15,5 gam. D. 31 gam.
PT: SGK11 nc 162
3C2H4 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O => 3C2H4(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
0,25 0,125
=> nC2H4 d tnh theo nKMnO4 v. 0,25.2 > 0,125.3 => nC2H4(OH)2 = 3nKMnO4 /
2 = 0,1875 mol
=> m = 0,1875.62 = 11,625 g => A

Cu 80: kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,2M to thnh cht rn
mu nu en cn V lt kh C2H4 ( ktc). Gi tr
ti thiu ca V l:
A. 2,240. B. 2,688. C. 4,480. D. 1,344.
Thm cht rn mu nu en MnO2
PT bi 79 => nC2H4 = 3nKMnO4 /2 = 0,4.3/2 = 0,6 mol => V = 1,344 lt => D

Cu 81: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong d.y ng ng, trong

khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t
X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Z, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l:

A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10.

X,Y , Z k tip nhau + MZ = 2MX => X,Y,Z c cng thc : CnH2n v n = 2;3;4 Duy
nht
=> Z l C4H8 ; its 0,1 mol C4H8 => 0,4 mol CO2 BTNT C => nCaCO3 kt ta
= nCO2 = 0,4 mol
=> m = 40 g => B

Cu 82: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin.

Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi
lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l:
A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam.
Propan C3H8 propen C3H6 ; Propin C3H4 => Nhn thy cng s C => CT :
C3Hy
Ta c MY = 21,2.2 = 12.3 + y y = 6,4
PT : C3H6,4 + O2 => 3CO2 + 3,2H2O => nCO2 = 0,3 mol ; nH2O = 0,32 mol
=> Tng khi lng = mCO2 + mH2O = 0,3.44 + 0,32.18 = 18,96g

Cu 83: X la hn
hp C4H8 va O2 (ti l mol tng ng 1:10). t chay
hoan

toan
X c hn
hp Y. Dn
Y qua binh

H2SO4
c d c hn
Z. Ti khi ca Z so vi hiro la
A.18. B. 19. C. 20. D. 21.

Ngc li bi 74 : T l 1 : 10 => chn nC4H8 = 1 mol => nO2 = 10 mol

nO2 p = (4 + 8/4) . nC4H8 = 6 mol => nO2 d = 4 mol
nCO2 to thnh = 4nC4H8 = 4mol => M sau khi hp th = (mCO2 + mO2 d) /
(nCO2 + nO2 d) = 38
T khi vi H2 = 19 => B

Cu 84: Hn hp X gm 2 anken kh phn ng va vi dung dch cha 48

gam brom. Mt khc t chy hon ton hn hp
X dng ht 24,64 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l:
A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C2H4 v C4H8. C. C3H6 v C4H8. D. A v B u ng.

Anken p vi Br2 => nhn hp Anken = nBr2 = 0,3 mol k=1 Xem li CT: nBr2 =
k.nX vi k = s pi
Gi cng thc trung ca hn hp 2 anken l C n H2 n
nO2 = ( n + 2n /4) . nC n H2 n nO2 = (x +y).nCxHy 1,1 = 3 n .0,3/ 2 n =
2,44 => A v B ng
n nm gia 2 s C ca 2 cht => D

Cu 85: t chy mt s mol nh nhau ca 3 hirocacbon K, L, M ta thu

c lng CO2 nh nhau v t l s mol nc v
CO2 i vi s mol ca K, L, M tng ng l 0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5. CTPT ca K, L, M (vit
theo th t tng ng) l:
A. C2H4, C2H6, C3H4. B. C3H8, C3H4, C2H4. C. C3H4, C3H6, C3H8. D. C2H2, C2H4,
C2H6.
1C 2C 3B 4C 5D 6D 7C 8C 9D 10D
11C 12B 13A 14D 15C 16A 17A 18B 19C 20C
21A 22C 23C 24B 25D 26A 27D 28B 29A 30D
31B 32D 33C 34D 35A 36A 37B 38C 39B 40B
41A 42B 43C 44D 45D 46A 47B 48AB 49A 50D
51D 52A 53A 54C 55A 56D 57C 58C 59A 60A
61C 62B 63D 64A 65C 66C 67D 68A 69A 70A
71B 72A 73A 74B 75C 76C 77A 78C 79A 80D
81B 82B 83B 84D 85D
BI TP V ANKAIEN -TECPEN - ANKIN
Cu 1: S ng phn thuc loi ankaien ng vi cng thc phn t C5H8 l

A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.

Ankandien => Ch . ng phn h.nh hc;

C5H8 c k = 2 Ankandien => c 2 lin kt i hay 2 pi Ankandien lin hp v
khng lin hp SGK 11 nc 166
ng phn:
CH2 = C = CH CH2 CH3 ; => ko c p h.nh hc => 1
CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 ; => c p h.nh hc ni i th 2=> 2
CH2 = CH CH2 CH =CH2 ; => ko c p hh => 1
CH3 CH=C=CH CH3 ; => ko c p hh => 1
CH2 = C =C(CH3)-CH3 => ko c p hh => 1
CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 => ko c p hh => 1
=> Tng c 7 => D

Cu 2: C5H8 c bao nhiu ng phn ankaien lin hp ?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

Lin hp => 2 ni i gn nhau .

Cu 1 => CH2 = C = CH CH2 CH3 ; => ko c p h.nh hc => 1
CH3 CH=C=CH CH3 ; => ko c p hh => 1
CH2 = C =C(CH3)-CH3 => ko c p hh => 1
=> 3 p => B

Cu 3: Trong cc hirocacbon sau: propen, but-1-en, but-2-en, penta-1,4ien, penta-1,3- ien hirocacbon cho c hin
tng ng phn cis - trans ?
A. propen, but-1-en. B. penta-1,4-dien, but-1-en.
C. propen, but-2-en. D. but-2-en, penta-1,3- ien.

But 1 en CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 ko c p h.nh hc => Loi A v B

Propen khng c ng phn h.nh hc : CH2 = CH CH3 ko c => Loi C => D
But 2n : CH3 CH=CH CH3 ; Penta 1,3 ien : CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 p
h.nh hc lin kt pi th 2=> D

Cu 4: Cng thc phn t ca buta-1,3-ien (ivinyl) v isopren (2metylbuta-1,3-ien) ln lt l

A. C4H6 v C5H10.B. C4H4 v C5H8. C. C4H6 v C5H8. D. C4H8 v C5H10.

Thy c 2 cht u c ui ien => k = 2 2 lin kt pi => CnH2n 2 => C tha

m.n
Buta 1,3 ien : CH2 = CH CH = CH2 ; 2 metylbuta 1,3 ien => C4H6
CH2 = C(CH3) CH = CH2 => C5H8

Cu 5: Hp cht no trong s cc cht sau c 9 lin kt xch ma v 2 lin kt

?
A. Buta-1,3-ien. B. Penta-1,3- ien. C. Stiren. D. Vinyl axetilen.

Xem li cu 7 phn anken => Cng thc tnh lin kt xch ma ;

2 lin kt pi => CT : CnH2n-2 Xem li phn t.m CT 2 cch chuyn 1
Lin kt xch ma = s C + s H 1 = 9 s C + s H = 8 = n + 2n 2 = 10 n = 4
=> C4H6 => A
D c 3 lin kt pi :CH2=CH-C=*CH Ch =* l ni 3 Vinyl : CH2=CH

Cu 6: Hp cht no trong s cc cht sau c 7 lin kt xch ma v 3 lin kt

?
A. Buta-1,3-ien. B. Tuloen. C. Stiren. D. Vinyl axetilen.
Tng t bi 5: 3 lin kt pi => CT : CnH2n 4 ; => S lin kt xch ma = n + 2n 4
- 1 = 7 n = 4 => D:C4H4

Cu 7: Cho phn ng gia buta-1,3-ien v HBr -80oC (t l mol 1:1), sn

phm chnh ca phn ng l
A. CH3CHBrCH=CH2. B. CH3CH=CHCH2Br. C. CH2BrCH2CH=CH2.D.
CH3CH=CBrCH3.

nhit -80 oC => Br C bc cao ; v sn phm cng v tr 1,2 SGK 11nc 167

1(I) 2(III)
CH2=CH CH=CH2 + HBr => CH3-CHBr CH=CH2 => A
1234
Ch . cch cng : R C = CR CR = C R => cng vo v tr 1,2 hoc 1 ,4
v cht phi c dng nh zy R c th l H hoc hidrocabon ; halogen
VD: CH3 C=C(CH3) C(C2H5)=C-C3H7 ; CH2=CH CH =CH2 ; .
M.nh hiu l cng vo v tr 1,2 ni i 1 hoc 1,4 ni i 1 v ni i 4 a lin
kt i vo trong
1,2,3,4 l v tr C cha lin kt i Ch khng phi nh s th t C

Cu 8: Cho phn ng gia buta-1,3-ien v HBr 40oC (t l mol 1:1), sn

phm chnh ca phn ng l
A. CH3CHBrCH=CH2. B. CH3CH=CHCH2Br. C. CH2BrCH2CH=CH2.D.
CH3CH=CBrCH3.

nhit 40 oC => Br C bc cao v sn phm ng v tr 1,4 v chuyn ni i

vo trongSGK 11nc 167
CH2=CH CH=CH2 + HBr => CH3-CH=CH-CH2Br => B

1234
Ch . c p cng 1,4 => Cht c dng R C =C C =C R 2 lin kt
i cch nhau 1 v tr
Cu 9: 1 mol buta-1,3-ien c th phn ng ti a vi bao nhiu mol brom ?
A. 1 mol. B. 1,5 mol. C. 2 mol. D. 0,5 mol.
Buta 1,3 ien => 2 lin kt pi => ADCT : nBr2 = k.nX => nBr2 = 2nX = 2mol k
l tng s pi =>C

Cu 10: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch Br2 theo t l mol 1:1 to ra
ti a bao nhiu sn phm ?
A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.
Isopren : CH2 =C(CH3)-CH=CH2 SGK 11nc 168
V. cho l ti a => Br2 cng vo ni i 1 => 1
Br2 cng vo ni i 2 => 1
Br2 cng vo c 2 ni i => 1
Br2 cng vo v tr 1,4 =>1 CH2Br C(CH3)=CH-CH2Br => 4 sn phm
Bi ny m.nh ang thc mc => c trng hp phn ng th vi gc CH3 khng nh
- khng bo l phn ng cng ch c t l 1 : 1

Cu 11: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch HBr theo t l mol 1:1 to
ra ti a bao nhiu sn phm cng ?
A. 8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.

Phn ng vi dung dch HBr theo t l 1 :1 => sn phm cng => Ch cng 1 HBr
CH2 =C(CH3)-CH=CH2 => 1 ni i => 2 sn phm chnh v ph => 2 ni i c
4 sn phm Cng theo quy tc macopnhicop SGK
11nc 161
Cng vo v tr 1,2 ging 2 trng hp trn=> khng
Cng vo v tr 1,4 c 2 sn phm ; BrCH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH3 ng phn h.nh hc
CH3 C(CH3)=CH-CH2Br => 3 => Tng = 4 + 3 = 7 =>C

Cu 12: Cht no sau y khng phi l sn phm cng gia dung dch brom
v isopren (theo t l mol 1:1) ?
A. CH2BrC(CH3)BrCH=CH2. B. CH2BrC(CH3)=CHCH2Br.
C. CH2BrCH=CHCH2CH2Br. D. CH2=C(CH3)CHBrCH2Br.
Iso pren c nhnh => C khng tha m.n

Cu 13: Ankaien A + brom (dd) CH3C(CH3)BrCH=CHCH2Br. Vy A l

A. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien. B. 2-metylpenta-2,4-ien.
C. 4-metylpenta-1,3-ien. D. 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien.

Sn phm CH3 CBr(CH3)CH = CH CH2Br sn phm cng v tr 1,4V. ni i

gia

54321
cht A ; CH3 C(CH3)=CH CH=CH2 => 4 metylpenta 1,3 ien
cch gi tn s ch v tr mch nhnh mch chnh s ch v tr ien
Vi cch nh s C gn lin kt i nht ien ch c 2 lin kt i tr ln

Cu 14: Ankaien B + Cl2 CH2ClC(CH3)=CH-CH2Cl-CH3. Vy A l

A. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien. B. 4-metylpenta-2,4-ien.
C. 2-metylpenta-1,4-ien. D. 4-metylpenta-2,3-ien.
12345
Ging 13 cng vo 1,4 => CH3 =C(CH3)-CH=CH-CH3 => 2 metyl penta 1,3 ien
=> A

Cu 15: Cho 1 Ankaien A + brom(dd) 1,4-ibrom-2-metylbut-2-en. Vy A

l
A. 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien. C. 3-metylbuta-1,3-ien.
B. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien. D. 3-metylpenta-1,3-ien.
1234
1,4 ibrom 2 metylbut 2 en => CH2Br C(CH3)=CH CH2Br cng vo v tr
1,4
1234
=> A : CH2 = C(CH3)-C=CH2 => 2 metylbuta 1,3 ien => A

Cu 16: Trng hp ivinyl to ra cao su Buna c cu to l ?

A. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-)n. B. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n.
C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2-)n. D. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-)n.

ivinyl hay 2vinyl Vinyl : CH2 =CH- => ivinyl : CH2=CH-CH=CH2

trng hp => (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n => B
Trng hp l tch ht ni i thnh ni n ri ni vo nhau
VD: CH2 = CH2 => tch ni i : -CH2 - CH2 => -CH2 CH2CH2=CH-CH = CH2 ; tch ; CH2=CH => -CH2-CH - .Tch CH = CH2 => - CH CH2 => ni vi nhau => -CH2 CH = CH CH2 -

Cu 17: ng trng hp ivinyl v stiren thu c cao su buna-S c cng

thc cu to l ( P SGK 11 nc 195 )
A. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n. B. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n.
C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2- CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n. D. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n .
Stiren SGK 11 nc 194 C6H5-CH=CH2 ; ivinyl : CH2=CH-CH=CH2 P SGK 11 nc
195
P ng trng hp Tch ht cc lin kt i ban u ri ni vi nhau => A

Cu 18: ng trng hp ivinyl v acrylonitrin (vinyl xianua) thu c cao su

buna-N c cng thc cu to l
A. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n. B. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH(CN)-CH2-)n.
C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2- CH(CN)-CH2-)n. D. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n .
ivinyl : CH2=CH2-CH=CH2 ;
Vinyl xiannua : CN - CH=CH2 => ng trng hp => (-CH2-CH2=CH-CH2-CH(CN)CH2-)n => D

Cu 19: Trng hp isopren to ra cao su isopren c cu to l

A. (-C2H-C(CH3)-CH-CH2-)n . C. (-CH2-C(CH3)-CH=CH2-)n .
B. (-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n. D. (-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-)n .

SGK 11nc 198 =>B

Isopren : CH2=CH(CH)3-CH=CH2 => (-CH2-CH(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n => B

Cu 20: Tn gi ca nhm hirocacbon khng no c cng thc chung l

(C5H8)n (n 2) l
A. ankaien. B. cao su. C. anlen. D. tecpen.
SGK 11 nc 171.

Cu 21: Caroten (licopen) l sc t mu ca c rt v c chua chn, cng

thc phn t ca caroten l
A. C15H25. B. C40H56. C. C10H16. D. C30H50.
SGK 11 Nng cao-171

Cu 22: Oximen c trong tinh du l hng qu, limonen c trong tinh du

chanh. Chng c cng cng thc phn t l
A. C15H25. B. C40H56. C. C10H16. D. C30H50.
SGK Ha hc 11 Nng cao-171

Cu 23: C4H6 c bao nhiu ng phn mch h ?

A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
(CH2=C=CH-CH3; CH2= CH-CH=CH2; CHC-CH2-CH3 ;
CH3-CC-CH3. CT CxHyOzNtCluNav khng no=(2x-y+t-u-v+2)/2. khng no ca
C4H6 l 2.==> TH1:0 v.ng,2 lk i; TH2:0 v.ng,1 lk
ba;TH3:1 v.ng,1 lk i;v. l mch h nn ch xy ra TH1 v TH2,sau dch chuyn v
tr ca cc ni i, ba to ra ng phn.)

Cu 24: C bao nhiu ankin ng vi cng thc phn t C5H8 ?

A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4
(CHC-CH2-CH2-CH3; CH3-CC-CH2-CH3; CH3-CH2-CC-CH3)
Cu 25: Ankin C4H6 c bao nhiu ng phn cho phn ng th kim loi (phn
ng vi dung dch cha AgNO3/NH3)
A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
(CH3-CH2-CCH .Nguyn t H nh vo C mang lk ba linh ng hn rt nhiu so vi H
nh vi C mang lk i, n,nn c th b thay th
bng nguyn t KL.Nhng ch xy ra cc ankin co lk ba u mch R-CH)

Cu 26: C bao nhiu ng phn ankin C5H8 tc dng c vi dung dch

AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta
A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.

Nh cu 25 => cht c dng R CH (CH3-CH2-CH2-CCH , CH3-CH(CH3)-CCH )

Cu 27: Ankin C6H10 c bao nhiu ng phn phn ng vi dung dch

AgNO3/NH3 ?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 25: (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CCH ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CCH ;
CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CCH ; CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) CCH)

Cu 28: Trong phn t ankin X, hiro chim 11,111% khi lng. C bao
nhiu ankin ph hp
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4
(CT ankin CxHy.% C = 100-11,111=88,889%.x:y=88,889/12 : 11,111/1=2:3==>
(C2H3)n => n =2 hay C4H6 ;

Cu 29: Cho ankin X c cng thc cu to sau :

Tn ca X l

CH3C C CH CH3
CH3

A. 4-metylpent-2-in. B. 2-metylpent-3-in. C. 4-metylpent-3-in. D. 2metylpent-4-in.

S ch v tr Tn nhnh / tn mch chnh/ - s ch v tr in . Mch chnh l mch c

lk i, di nht v c nhiu nhnh nht.nh s C
mch chnh bt u t pha gn lk i hn.S ch v tr lk i ghi ngay trc ui in)

Cu 30: Cho phn ng : C2H2 + H2O A

A l cht no di y
A. CH2=CHOH. B. CH3CHO. C. CH3COOH. D. C2H5OH.
P SGK 11 nc - 177

(p cng H2O ca ankin:H2O cng vo lk ba to ra hp cht trung gian khng bn v

chuyn thnh andehit hoc xeton) Quy tc h bin
ca ru c OH gn vi C lin kt i c dng R CH=CH-OH , R- C(OH)=CH2 s b
chuyn thnh andehit hoc xeton .
R-CH=CH-OH => R CH2 CHO ; R- C(OH)=CH2 => R C(O) CH3

Cu 31: Cho s phn ng sau: CH3-CCH + AgNO3/ NH3 X + NH4NO3

X c cng thc cu to l?
A. CH3-CAgCAg. B. CH3-CCAg. C. AgCH2-CCAg. D. A, B, C u c th ng.
(p th bng ion KL ca ankin:nguyn t H nh vo C mang lk ba b thay th bng
nguyn t KL Ag)
Ag ch th vo H lin kt vi C ni 3 u mch

Cu 32: Trong s cc hirocacbon mch h sau: C4H10, C4H6, C4H8, C3H4,

nhng hirocacbon no c th to kt ta vi dung
dch AgNO3/NH3 ?
A. C4H10 ,C4H8. B. C4H6, C3H4. C. Ch c C4H6. D. Ch c C3H4.

(RH c th to kt ta vi dd AgNO3/NH3 l ankin loi C4H10 (ankan) v C4H8 (anken

hoc xicloankan) >>> B

Cu 33: Hn hp A gm hiro v cc hirocacbon no, cha no. Cho A vo

b.nh c niken xc tc, un nng b.nh mt thi gian
ta thu c hn hp B. Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. t chy hon ton hn hp A cho s mol CO2 v s mol nc lun bng s
mol CO2 v s mol nc khi t chy
hon ton hn hp B.
B. S mol oxi tiu tn t hon ton hn hp A lun bng s mol oxi tiu
tn khi t hon ton hn hp B.
C. S mol A - S mol B = S mol H2 tham gia phn ng.
D. Khi lng phn t trung b.nh ca hn hp A bng khi lng phn t
trung b.nh ca hn hp B.
A ng v. bo ton nguyn t C v H trc v sau p . Ta c hn hp A p to thnh
hn hp B
=> Tng s H , C trong hn hp A = Tng s H,C trong hn hp B V. hn hp A ch
c H v C , nh H2 l H , hidrocacbon no , ko n
cng cha H v C
B ng . nu ta gi CT tng qut ca hn hp A l CxHy V. thnh phn ch cha C ,
H => hn hp B cng l CxHy Bo ton nguyn t
trc v sau p => u t chy cng mt lng O2. >>>>>>>>>>.C ng.

Cu 34: Cht no trong 4 cht di y c th tham gia c 4 phn ng: Phn

ng chy trong oxi, phn ng cng brom, phn
ng cng hiro (xc tc Ni, to), phn ng th vi dd AgNO3 /NH3
A. etan. B. etilen. C. axetilen. D. xiclopropan.
(mi cht hu c u tham gia p chy trong O2.ankan khng tham gia p cng Br
loi A.etilen v xiclopropan khng tham gia p th vi
AgNO3//NH3 loi B,D.ch c axetilen c th tham gia c 4 p :C)

Cu 35: Cu no sau y sai ?

A. Ankin c s ng phn t hn anken tng ng.
B. Ankin tng t anken u c ng phn h.nh hc.
C. Hai ankin u d.y khng c ng phn.
D. Butin c 2 ng phn v tr nhm chc.
(ankin khng c ng phn h.nh hc v. k c lk i khng phi lk ba)
Cu 36: Cho cc phn ng sau:
CH4 + Cl2
1:1

askt
(1)

(2) C2H4 + H2 (3) 2 CHCH

(4) 3 CHCH (5) C2H2 + Ag2O (6) Propin + H2O

S phn ng l phn ng oxi ho kh l:
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl

C2H4 + H2 C2H6
2 CHCH CH2=CH-CCH
3 CHCH C6H6
C2H2 + Ag2O AgCCAg+H2O
Propin + H2O C2H5CHO
Xem p no c s thay i s OXH l p OXH-K => 1 , 2 ,3 , 6 => C : 4
Cch xc nh s oxi ha C trong cht hu c.
(Cc s oxi ha ca cc cht O , H , N , halogen th. vn vy)
+ Trong hp cht hu c th. tch ring tng nhm Cn ra tnh
VD : CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CH3 => CH3 | CH2 | CH | CH3 | CH3 => -3|-2|-1|-3|-3
+ Nu nhm chc khng cha C (halogen , -OH , -O-,NH2) th.nh tnh s Oxihoa C
gn c nhm chc.
VD: CH3 CH(Br)-CH3 => CH3 | CHBr | CH3 => -3 | 0 | -3
CH3 CH2 CH2OH => CH3 | CH2 | CH2OH => -3 | -2 | -1
CH3 O CH2 CH3 => CH3 O| O CH2 | CH3 => -2 | -1 | -3
+ Nu nhm chc c C th. tnh ring.
VD : CH3 CHO => CH3 | CHO => -3 | +1
CH3 COOH => CH3 | COOH => -3 | +3
P 1 thy Cl2 => HCL Cl0 + e => Cl-1 ; C-4 -2e => C-2 CH3CL
P 2 thy H2 => C2H6 => H0 - e => H+1 ; C-2 + e=> C-3
P 3 thy 2CHCH => CH2=CH-CCH : C-1 + e => C-2 ; C-1 - e => C0
P 6 thy propin CH3-CCH => -3 | 0 | -1 => C2H5CHO => CH3 CH2 CHO => -3 |
-2 | +1 ;
C0 + 2e => C-2 ; C-1 - 2e => C+1
=> 4 p. => C

Cu 37: Cho d.y chuyn ho sau: CH4 A B C Cao su buna. Cng

thc phn t ca B l
A. C4H6. B. C2H5OH. C. C4H4. D. C4H10.
Caosu buna => (-CH=CH CH=CH-)n => C l C4H6 => Loi A
Thm mt st p
23
o

Al O
2 5 450 C 2 2 2 2

2C H OHCH =CH-CH=CH +2H O+H

Pd
2222

Na, t
22

CH =CH-C=*CH+H CH =CH-CH=CH

C4H10 CH =CH-CH=CH +2H2

Ch ny phi linh hot cht khng b la nu cho c 3 p n.

Da vo A => B ; to thnh C2H5OH => A l C2H4 hoc C2H5X X l halogen
=> to thnh C2H4 t CH4 khng c p no
to thnh C4H4 vinylaxetilen => A l C2H2 hoc C4H8
M t 2CH4 => C2H2 + 3H2 P 1500 0C lm lnh nhanh => C4H4 ng => C
C4H10 => A l C4H6 , C4H8 nhng CH4 khng th iu ch c.

Cu 38: C chui phn ng sau:

N + H2 B D H Cl E (spc) KOH D

Xc nh N, B, D, E bit rng D l mt hidrocacbon mch h, D ch c 1 ng

phn.
A. N : C2H2 ; B : Pd ; D : C2H4 ; E : CH3CH2Cl.
B. N : C4H6 ; B : Pd ; D : C4H8 ; E : CH2ClCH2CH2CH3.
C. N : C3H4 ; B : Pd ; D : C3H6 ; E : CH3CHClCH3.
D. N : C3H4 ; B : Pd ; D : C3H6 ; E : CHCH2CH2Cl.
bi => D ch c 1 ng phn => Loi B v. D: C4H8 to ra do p E p =>
CH2=CH-CH2 CH2 ; CH3 CH = CH CH3 ng phn
h.nh hc)
E l sn phm chnh .=> Loi D v. p CH2 = CH CH3 (C3H6) + HCL => spc CH3
CHCL CH3 , sn phm ph l CH2CL CH2
CH3.
Loi A v. E l sn phm chnh nu D l C2H4 s to ra mt sn phm. P C2H4 +
HCL => C2H5CL C ng

Cu 39: Cht no sau y khng iu ch trc tip c axetilen ?

A. Ag2C2. B. CH4. C. Al4C3. D. CaC2.
Ag2C2 + 2HCl C2H2 + 2AgCl
2CH4 C2H2 + 3 H2 k 1500 oC, lm lnh nhanh
CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
Al4C3 +12H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4 2CH4 C2H2 + 3 H2 => C

Cu 40: lm sch etilen c ln axetilen ta cho hn hp i qua dd no sau

y ?
A. dd brom d. B. dd KMnO4 d. C. dd AgNO3 /NH3 d. D. cc cch trn u
ng.

(anken,ankin tham gia p cng halogen(Br), p OXH (KMnO4):lm mt mu thuc tm

loi A,B,D.Ankin c th t/d vi dd AgNO3/NH3
d c.n an ken th. khng :C)

Cu 41: nhn bit cc b.nh ring bit ng cc kh khng mu sau y:

SO2, C2H2, NH3 ta c th dng ho cht no sau y
A. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3.B. Dung dch Ca(OH)2 C. Qu. tm m. D. Dung dch
NaOH
Cu 42: X l mt hirocacbon kh ( ktc), mch h. Hiro ho hon ton X
thu c hirocacbon no Y c khi lng phn t
gp 1,074 ln khi lng phn t X. Cng thc phn t X l
A. C2H2. B. C3H4. C. C4H6. D. C3H6.
p n => A,B,C u l c dng CnH2n-2
Xt A,B,C nu sai th. => D ng
PT : CnH2n-2 + 2nH2 => CnH2n+2 Hidro ha l p cng H2 vo lin kt pi +
Thu c hidrocabon no
Chn 1 mol CnH2n-2 => to thnh 1 mol CnH2n+2
=> 14n + 2 = 1,074(14n-2) n = 4 => C4H6 => C

Cu 43: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C6H6 mch thng. Bit 1 mol X
tc dng vi AgNO3 d trong NH3 to ra 292 gam
kt ta. CTCT ca X c th l
A. CH CCCCH2CH3. C. CHCCH2CH=C=CH2.
B. CHCCH2CCCH3. D. CHCCH2CH2CCH.
C6H6 c k = (2.6 -6 +2)/2 = 4 pi => cc p n u tha m.n
iu kin to ra kt ta => X c dng RCH + [Ag(NH3)2]OH => RCAg + 2H2O +
2NH3 P SGK 11nc 177
Thc t l th Ag vo H
Ta lun c nRCH = nRCAg
Mo gii nhanh

V M kt ta = MX + 108 1 = MX + 107 TH1 th 1H

M kt ta = MX + 2.108 2 = MX + 214 TH2 Th 2H
Ta c M C6H6 = 78
V M kt ta = 292 => Tha m.n TH2 => Th 2H => X c dng HC C RCH
Tng qut l c 2 ni 3 C u v cui => D tha m.n :CHCCH2CH2CCH

Cu 44: Mt hirocacbon A mch thng c CTPT C6H6. Khi cho A tc dng vi

dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c hp cht
hu c B c MB - MA=214 vC. Xc nh CTCT ca A ?
A. CHCCH2CH2CCH. B. CH3C CCH2CCH.
C. CHCCH(CH3)CCH. D. CH3CH2CCCCH.
A l mch thng => Loi C
Ta c MB MA = 214 =>TH2 => C 2 ni 3 C u v cui => A

Cu 45: A la hirocacbon mach

h, th khi (kt), bit A 1 mol A tac
dung

c ti a 2 mol Br2 trong dung dich

to ra hp
cht B (trong B brom chim 80 % v khi lng. Vy
A co cng thc phn t
la
A. C5H8. B. C2H2. C. C4H6. D. C3H4.

1 mol p ti a 2 molBr2 => k =2 => CT A: CnH2n-2 Hoc t p n

PT : CnH2n-2 +2Br2 => CnH2n-2Br2 => %Br = 160.100% / (14n 2 + 160) = 80%
n = 3 => C3H4 =>D

Cu 46: 4 gam mt ankin X c th lm mt mu ti a 100 ml dung dch Br2

2M. CTPT X l
A. C5H8 . B. C2H2. C. C3H4. D. C4H6.

Ankin :CnH2n-2 => k= 2=> 2nX = nBr2 nX = 0,1 mol => MX = 40 = 14n 2 n
= 3 => C3H4

Cu 47: X l mt hirocacbon khng no mch h, 1 mol X c th lm mt

mu ti a 2 mol brom trong nc. X c % khi
lng H trong phn t l 10%. CTPT X l
A. C2H2. B. C3H4. C. C2H4. D. C4H6.

1 mol p 2mol Br2 =>CT X : CnH2n-2 => %H = (2n-2).100%/(14n-2) = 10% n = 3

=>C3H4

Cu 48: X l hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon mch h (thuc d.y ng ng

ankin, anken, ankan). Cho 0,3 mol X lm mt mu
va 0,5 mol brom. Pht biu no di y ng
A. X c th gm 2 ankan. B. X c th gm2 anken.
C. X c th gm1 ankan v 1 anken. D. X c th gm1 anken v mt ankin.

Gi k1,k2 ln lt l s pi ca cht A v B v x , y ln lt l s mol ca A ,B

x + y = 0,3 ; k1.x + k2.y = 0,5
Xt A. A,B u l ankan => k1,k2 = 0 => Sai v. k1.x + k2.y = 0,5
Xt B. Gm 2 anken => k1 = k2 = 1 => Gii h v nghim => loi
Xt C. A l ankan , B l anken => k1 = 0 ; k2 = 1 ; gii h v nghim => loi
Xt D. Anken v ankin => k1 = 1 ; k2 = 2 ; gii h => x , y => tha m.n =>D Ngoi
ra 2 ankin cng loi

Cu 49: Hn hp X gm 1 ankin th kh v hiro c t khi hi so vi CH4 l

0,425. Nung nng hn hp X vi xc tc Ni
phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi hi so vi CH4 l 0,8.
Cho Y i qua b.nh ng dung dch brom d, khi
lng b.nh tng ln bao nhiu gam ?
A. 8. B. 16. C. 0. D. Khng tnh c.
Cu 50: Hn hp A gm C2H2 v H2 c dA/H2 = 5,8. Dn A (ktc) qua bt Ni
nung nng cho n khi cc phn ng xy ra

hon ton ta c hn hp B. Phn trm th tch mi kh trong hn hp A v

dB/H2 l
A. 40% H2; 60% C2H2; 29. B. 40% H2; 60% C2H2 ; 14,5.
C. 60% H2; 40% C2H2 ; 29. D. 60% H2; 40% C2H2 ; 14,5.
Xem bi 53 phn anken => Chn 1 mol C2H2 = x => M hn hp A = mA/n hn hp A
5,8.2 = (26 + 2y) / (1+y) y = 1,5 mol ;H% = 100 P hon ton
=> %C2H2 = x / (x+y) = 1 / (1 + 1,5) = 40% => %H2= 60%
PT : C2H2 + 2H2 => C2H6
Ban u 1 mol 1,5mol
P 0,75mol<= 1,5 mol => 0,75 mol
Sau p 0,25mol 0,75 mol
n sau p = nC2H2 d + nC2H6 to thnh = 0,25 + 0,75 = 1 mol
m trc = msau = mC2H2 + mH2 = 26 + 1,5.2 = 29 g
M sau = 29 => T khi vi H2 = 29/2 = 14,5 =>D

Cu 51: Mt hn hp gm etilen v axetilen c th tch 6,72 lt (ktc). Cho

hn hp qua dung dch brom d phn ng
xy ra hon ton, lng brom phn ng l 64 gam. Phn % v th tch etilen
v axetilen ln lt l
A. 66% v 34%. B. 65,66% v 34,34%.
C. 66,67% v 33,33%. D. Kt qu khc.
Etilen C2H4 ; k = 1 Axetilen C2H2 ; k=2 Gi x , y ln lt l s mol C2H4 ; C2H2
n hn hp = x + y = 0,3 mol ; nBr2 = nC2H4 + 2nC2H2 x + 2y = 0,4
Gii h =>x =0,2 ; y = 0,1 => %VC2H4 = x / (x+y) = 0,2 / 0,3 = 66,67% =>
%C2H2 = 33,33% =>C

Cu 52: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh CH4 v C2H2 tc dng vi 10 lt H2 (Ni, to). Sau

khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 16 lt
hn hp kh (cc kh u o cng iu kin nhit p sut). Th tch ca
CH4 v C2H2 trc phn ng l
A. 2 lt v 8 lt. B. 3 lt v 7 lt. C. 8 lt v 2 lt. D. 2,5 lt v 7,5 lt.
Gi x , y ln lt l V CH4 v C2H2 => x + y = 10 ;
Ch c C2H2 mi p vi H2
C2H2 + 2H2 => C2H6
Ban u y lt 10 lt
P y => 2y => y
Sau p 10 2y y lt
V sau khi p => x + 10 2y + y = 16 x y = 6
Gii h => x = 8 v y = 2 => C

Cu 53: Cho 28,2 gam hn hp X gm 3 ankin ng ng k tip qua mt

lng d H2 (to, Ni) phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Sau phn ng th tch th tch kh H2 gim 26,88 lt (ktc). CTPT ca 3 ankin
l
A. C2H2, C3H4, C4H6. B. C3H4, C4H6, C5H8.
C. C4H6, C5H8, C6H10. D. C A, B u ng.

Th tch H2 gim = th tch H2 p = 26,88 lt => nH2 p = 1,2 mol => nhn hp =
nH2 / 2 = 0,6 mol
M hn hp = mhn hp / n hn hp 28,2/ 0,6 = 47 = 14 n - 2 C n H2 n -2
ankin
n = 3,5 => Loi C v. c 3 cht u c s C > 3,5 ; A, B tha m.n nm gia => D

Cu 54: Hn hp X gm propin v mt ankin A c t l mol 1:1. Ly 0,3 mol X

tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu
c 46,2 gam kt ta. A l
A. But-1-in. B. But-2-in. C. Axetilen. D. Pent-1-in.

n Propin = nA = 0,15 mol T l 1 :1 + nX = 0,3 mol

Xem li bi 43.
C3H4 ; CH3-CCH => CH3-CCAg
=> m kt ta to thnh do p A = 46,2 mCH3-CCAg = 46,2 0,15.147 = 24,15 g
=> M kt ta = 24,15/0,15 = 161 = MX + 107 TH1
=> MX = 54 = 14n 2 Ankin :CnH2n-2 n = 4 => C4H8 => A V. tha m.n iu
kin to kt ta R CH
CHC-CH2-CH3 : but 1 in

Cu 55: Trong b.nh kn cha hirocacbon X v hiro. Nung nng b.nh n khi
phn ng hon ton thu c kh Y duy nht.
cng nhit , p sut trong b.nh trc khi nung nng gp 3 ln p sut trong
b.nh sau khi nung. t chy mt lng Y thu
c 8,8 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H2. B. C2H4. C. C4H6. D. C3H4.
nCO2 = 0,2 mol ; nH2O = 0,3 mol => Y cha ankan nH2O > nCO2
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 0,2 / (0,3 0,2) = 2 => C2H6 Kh Y kh duy nht
Ta c p sut trc = 3 p sut sau + cng nhit + b.nh kn Th tch khng i
n hn hp trc = 3 n hn hp sau v. n = P.V/T.0,082 M p xy ra hon ton
thu c 1 sn phm => cc cht tham gia p ht
Ch c Ankin : CnH2n- 2 + 2H2 => CnH2n+2 mi tha m.n iu kin v.
xmol => 2x mol => x mol
n trc = nCnH2n-2 + nH2 = 3x ; n sau = x => n trc = 3n sau ,m n = 2 =>
C2H2 => A

Cu 56: t chy hon ton mt ankin X th kh thu c H2O v CO2 c

tng khi lng l 23 gam. Nu cho sn phm
chy i qua dung dich Ca(OH)2 d, c 40 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t
ca X l
A. C3H4. B. C2H2. C. C4H6. D. C5H8.

nCO2 = nCaCO3 kt ta = 0,4 mol => mCO2 = 0,4.44= 17,6 g => nCO2 = 0,4 mol
mH2O = 23 17,6 = 5,4 g => nH2O = 0,3 mol
=> n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) CnH2n-2Oz = 0,4 / (0,4 0,3) = 4 => C4H6

Cu 57: t chy hon ton 5,4 gam mt hirocacbon A ri cho sn phm

chy i qua b.nh 1 ng dd H2SO4 c, d; b.nh 2
ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng b.nh 1 tng 5,4 gam; b.nh 2 tng
17,6 gam. A l cht no trong nhng cht sau ?
(A khng tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3)
A. But-1-in. B. But-2-in. C. Buta-1,3-ien. D. B hoc C.

Xem li phn chuyn 1 => cho vo H2SO4 => m tng = mH2O = 5,4 g => nH2O
= 0,3 mol
Cho vo Ba(OH)2 => m tng = mCO2 = 17,6 g => nCO2 = 0,4 mol
n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 4 => C4H6
Da vo . A khng tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 => Loi A v. A c dng CHC-CH2CH3 c lin kt 3 u mch => c p ; B , C
khng p B c khng u mch . C c 2 lin kt i =>D

Cu 58: Hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 ly cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X

cho i qua cht xc tc thch hp, un nng
c hn hp Y gm 4 cht. Dn Y qua b.nh ng nc brom thy khi lung
b.nh tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt kh Z
(ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 8. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton
hn hp Y l
A. 33,6 lt. B. 22,4 lt. C. 16,8 lt. D. 44,8 lt.
Y gm 4 cht => C2H2(d) ; C2H4 ; C2H6 ; H2

m b.nh tng = mC2H2 + mC2H4 = 10,8g v. C2H2 v C2H4 b Br2 hp th

=> KH thot ra l AnkanC2H6 + H2 c m = M . n hn hp Z = 8.2.0,2 = 3,2 g
BT khi lng => mC2H2 + mH2 = m hn hp Y = 10,8 + 3,2 = 14 g
Ta c nC2H2 = nH2 => 26x + 2x = 14 x = 0,5 = nC2H2 = nH2
VO2 cn t chy hn hp Y = VO2 cn t chy hn hp X Quy i hn hp
v CxHy v. thnh phn hn hp ch c C , H
nO2 = (2 + 2/4).nC2H2 + nH2 /2 = 3nH2 = 1,5 mol => V = 33,6 lt
P : C2H2 + 3/2O2 => 2CO2 + H2O ; 2H2 + O2 => 2H2O

Cu 59: Cho 17,92 lt hn hp X gm 3 hirocacbon kh l ankan, anken v

ankin ly theo t l mol 1:1:2 li qua b.nh ng dd
AgNO3/NH3 ly d thu c 96 gam kt ta v hn hp kh Y c.n li. t chy
hon ton hn hp Y thu c 13,44 lt CO2.
Bit th tch o ktc. Khi lng ca X l
A. 19,2 gam. B. 1,92 gam. C. 3,84 gam. D. 38,4 gam.

T l 1 : 1 : 2 => chn x l mol Ankan => x l mol anken ; 2x l mol ankin

x + x + 2x = n hn hp X = 0,8 mol x = 0,2 mol => nAkan = nAnken = 0,2 ; n
Ankin = 0,4 mol
CH c Ankin mi p vi AgNO3/NH3
M kt ta = 96/nankin = 240 = MX + 214 TH2 Xem li bi 43 MX = 26 =
14n 2 n = 2 : C2H2
t Y thu c 13,44 lt CO2 => BT nguyn t C CnH2n+2 ankan ; CmH2m anken
n . nAnkan + m. nanken = nCO2 0,2n + 0,2m = 0,6 n + m = 3
Ta lun c m 2 Anken=> n = 1 v m = 2 Duy nht => CH4 v C2H4
hn hp X c 0,2 mol CH4 ; 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,4 mol C2H2
m hn hp = 19,2 g =>A

Cu 60: Mt hn hp gm 2 ankin khi t chy cho ra 13,2 gam CO2 v 3,6

gam H2O. Tnh khi lng brom c th cng vo
hn hp trn
A. 16 gam. B. 24 gam. C. 32 gam. D. 4 gam.

nAnkin = nCO2 nH2O = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol => nBr2 = 2nAnkin = 0,2 mol => m =
32 g => C

Cu 61: Cho canxi cacbua k thut (ch cha 80% CaC2 nguyn cht) vo
nc d, th. thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng
canxi cacbua k thut . dng l
A. 9,6 gam. B. 4,8 gam C. 4,6 gam. D. 12 gam

P : SGK 11 nc 178 : CaC2 + 2H2O => C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

nC2H2 = 3,36 / 22,4 = 0,15 mol Kh = nCaC2 => mPT CaC2 = 0,15.64 = 9,6 g
=> m thc t = mPT .100% / 80% = 9,6.100% / 80 = 12 g =>D

Cu 62: C 20 gam mt mu CaC2 (c ln tp cht tr) tc dng vi nc thu

c 7,4 lt kh axetilen (20oC, 740mmHg). Cho
rng phn ng xy ra hon ton. tinh khit ca mu CaC2 l
A. 64%. B. 96%. C. 84%. D. 48%.
Ta c 1atm = 760 mmHg => 740 mm Hg =0,9736 atm
nC2H2 = P.V/T.0,082 = 0,9736.7,4 / ((20 + 273).0,082) n = 0,3 mol = nCaC2
PT bi 61
mPT CaC2 = 0,3.64 = 19,2 g => tinh khit = mPT / mBan u = 19,2 .100%/
20 = 96%

Cu 63: Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht

vi dung dch brom (d) th. khi lng brom
phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc
dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3,
thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 c trong X l

A. 40%. B. 20%. C. 25%. D. 50%.

Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol CH4 , C2H4 , C2H2

=> 16x + 28y + 26z = 8,6 (I)
P vi Br2 d => nC2H4 + 2nC2H2 = nBr2 y + 2z = 0,3mol (II)
Vi 13,44 lt (ktc) => n hn hp = nCH4 + C2H4 + nC2H2 = 0,6
n C2H2 = nKet tua AgCCAg = 0,15 mol
=> nC2H2 / n hn hp = z / (x + y + z) = 1 /4 x + y 3z = 0 (III) Phi chia t.m
ra t l v. 13,44 lt khng phi ca 8,6 g
Gii h I , II , III => x = 0,2 ; y = z = 0,1 => %VCH4 = nCH4 / n hn hp = x .100%/
(x + y + z) = 0,2 / 0,4 = 50%

Cu 64: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t

cacbon trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi lng 12,4
gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln
lt l
A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2. B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2. D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.

Cch 1 : th p n => D tha m.n

Cch 2 : Ta c M = m / n = 12,4 / 0,3 = 41,33 = 12x + y => x = 3 => y = 5,33 =>
loi A v B v. c 3 C
=> Th 1 trong 2 p n B v D . Xt B sai => D ng

Cu 65: Trong mt binh

kin
cha hirocacbon A th khi (kt) va O2 (d).
Bt tia la in
t chay
ht A a hn
hp v
iu kin ban u
trong o % th tich
cua
CO2 va hi nc ln
lt la 30% va
20%. Cng thc phn t cua
A va % th tich

ca
hirocacbon A trong hn
hp la
A. C3H4 va 10%. B. C3H4 va 90%. C. C3H8 va 20%. D. C4H6 va 30%.

Tao c %CO2 = 30% ; %H2O = 20% => C.n li 50% ca O2 v. O2 d

T l % theo th tch = t l s mol => chn nCO2 = 3 mol => nH2O = 2 mol => nO2
d = 5 mol
T l nCO2 / nH2O = 3 /2 => chn nCO2 = 3 ; nH2O = 2 => n = nCO2 / (nCO2
nH2O) = 3 => C3H4 V. nCO2 > nH2O => CnH2n-2
nC3H4 = nCO2 / 2 = 1 mol ; BTNT oxi : 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O = 2.3 + 2 nO2
p = 4 mol
mol hn hp ban u = nC3H4 + nO2 p + nO2 d = 1 + 4 + 5 = 10 mol
=> %VC3H4 A hn hp = nC3H4 / n hn hp = 1 / 10 = 10% => A

Cu 66: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C2H2 v hirocacbon X sinh

ra 2 lt kh CO2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch
kh v hi o trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut). Cng thc phn t
ca X l
A. C2H4. B. CH4. C. C2H6. D. C3H8.
Cch 1 th p n
T l th tch = t l s mol
1 mol hn hp C2H2 v X => 2 mol CO2 + 2molH2O
p n => B,C,D u c dng CnH2n+2 => Xt X l CnH2n+2
Gi x , y ln lt l nC2H2 v CnH2n+2
x + y = 1 ; (1)
2x + ny = nCO2 = 2 BTNT C (2)
2x + y(2n+2) = 2nH2O = 4 BTNT H 2(x+y) + 2ny = 4 (3)
Th 1 vo 3 ta c ny = 1 => th vo 2 => x = 0,5 th vo 1 => y = 0,5 >>>>> x
= y = 0,5 th vo 2 => n = 2 => C2H6 => C

Cu 67: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21 gm propan, propen v propin.

Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi

lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l

A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam.

Tng t 1 bi lm ri => Propan C3H8 Propen C3H6 Propin C3H4 => u c

3C
=> Gi CT chung : C3Hy Ta c M = 21.2 = 42 = 12.3 + y => y = 6
=> CT : C3H6 +O2 => 3CO2 + 3H2O
0,1mol 0,3mol 0,3mol => m = 0,3.44 + 0,3.18 = 18,6 g => A

Cu 68: Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp

250 kg PVC theo s trn th. cn V m3
kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH4 chim 80% th tch kh thin
nhin v hiu sut ca c qu tr.nh l 50%)
A. 224,0. B. 448,0. C. 286,7. D. 358,4.
PVC : C2H3Cl ; BT NT C => nCH4 = 2nC2H3Cl = 2. 4 = 8 mol
=> n kh thin nhin = nCH4 . 100% / 80% = 10 mol => V = 224 lt => B

Cu 69: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc

Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y.
Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua b.nh ng dung dch brom (d) th. c.n li
0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so
vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng b.nh dung dch brom tng l
A. 1,20 gam. B. 1,04 gam. C. 1,64 gam. D. 1,32 gam.
Bo ton khi lng => m trc = m sau mC2H2 + mH2 = m b.nh tng + mZ V.
m hn hp ban u = m hn hp Y v m hn hp Y =
m anken, ankin nu c cho vo dd Br2 + m hn hp Z bay ra
0,06.26 + 2. 0,04 = m b.nh tng + 32.0,5.0,02 m b.nh tng = 1,32 g => D

Cu 70: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon th kh, mch h, nng

hn khng kh thu c 7,04 gam CO2. Sc m gam
hirocacbon ny vo nc brom d n khi phn ng hon ton, thy c 25,6
gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2 gam. B. 4 gam. C. 10 gam D. 2,08 gam
nCO2 = 0,16 = x .nCxHy BT NT C
Gi k l s lin kt pi trong hidrocacbon => k .nCxHy = nBr2 nCxHy = 0,16 / k th
vo trn ta c
0,16 = x. 0,16 / k x = k
CT tng qut : CnH2n + 2 2k Ta c n = k => CnH2
Ta c hidrocacbon nng hn khng kh => 12n + 2 > 29 => n > 2,25
Ta c m = (12n+2).0,16/n
V. th kh => C2 C4 => s C = 2 4
Ta c n > 2,25 => n = 3 v n = 4
Xt n = 3 => C3H2 Khng th vit c => Loi hoc vi k = 3 => n 4
=> n = 4 => m = (12.4+2).0,16 / 4 = 2 g => A

Cu 71: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon th kh, mch h thu c

7,04 gam CO2. Sc m gam hirocacbon ny vo
nc brom d n khi phn ng hon ton, thy c 25,6 gam brom phn ng.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 2 gam. B. 4 gam. C. 2,08 gam. D. A hoc C.
Ging bi 71 ch khng c . nng hn khng kh
Ta vn c m = (12n+2).0,16/n
Xt n = 2 => m = 2,08 ; xt n = 4 => m = 2 g => D
V. C bin thin t 2 => 4 v n = 3 khng c => ch c n =2 v n = 4

Cu 72: Dn V lt ( ktc) hh X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt

niken nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo

lng d AgNO3 trong dd NH3 thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung

dch phn ng va vi 16 gam brom v c.n
li kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 4,5 gam
H2O. Gi tr ca V bng
A. 11,2. B. 13,44. C. 5,60. D. 8,96.

Y vn c.n C2H2 d v. Y p vi AgNO3 / NH3 => AgCCAg => nC2H2 d = nAgCCAg

= 0,05 mol ;
Kh i ra khi b.nh p vi Br2 => C2H4 To thnh => nC2H4 = nBr2 = 0,1 mol
t kh Z => t C2H6Ankan + H2 dNu c => nC2H6 = nCO2 / 2 = 0,05
molBTNT C
nH2O to thnh t C2H6 => 6nC2H6 = 2nH2O BTNT H => nH2O = 0,15 mol
nH2 d = nH2O to thnh nH2O to thnh t C2H6 = 0,25 0,15 = 0,1 nH2 =
nH2O BTNT H2
Ta c cht ban u : C2H2 ; H2 => Cht sau p hn hp Y gm 0,05 mol C2H2 d ;
0,1 mol C2H4 ; 0,05 mol C2H6 v 0,1 mol H2 d
BTNT C => 2nC2H2 = 2nC2H2 d + 2nC2H4 + 2nC2H6 nC2H2 = nC2H2 d +
nC2H4 + nC2H6
= 0,05 + 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,2 mol
BTNT H => 2nC2H2 + 2nH2 = 2nC2H2 d + 4nC2H4 + 6nC2H6 + 2nH2 d
2. 0,2 + 2nH2 = 2.0,05 + 4.0,1 + 6.0,05 + 2.0,1 nH2 = 0,3 mol => n hn hp
X = nC2H2 + nH2 = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 mol => V = 11,2

Cu 73: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t

qua b.nh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br2 0,5M. Sau khi
p hon ton, s mol Br2 gim i mt na v m b.nh tng thm 6,7 gam.
CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon l
A. C3H4 v C4H8. B. C2H2 v C3H8. C. C2H2 v C4H8. D. C2H2 v C4H6.

T p n => hidrocabon => 1 ankin v 1 anken

Mol Br2 gim 1 na => P 1 na ; m b.nh tng = m hn hp V. c 2 cht u p
Gi x , y l s mol Ankin v anken => n hn hp = x + y = 0,2 mol
nBr2 p = 2x + y = 0,35 1 na x = 0,15 ; y = 0,05 => Th p n : MA . 0,15 +
MB .0,05 = 6,7
=> C tha m.n c MA = MC2H2 = 26 ; MB = MC4H8 = 56
Gi CT ankin : CnH2n-2 ; CT anken : CmH2m
m hn hp = (14n 2) . 0,15 + 14m.0,05 = 6,7 3n + m = 10 => n < 10/3 =>
n = 2 v n = 3
Xt n = 2 => m = 4 => C tha m.n
Xt n = 3 => m = 1 Khng c CH2 => Loi > C

Cu 74: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo b.nh ng dd

brom (d). Sau khi phn ng hon ton, c 4 gam
brom . phn ng v c.n li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th.
sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2 (ktc). CTPT ca hai
hirocacbon l
A. CH4 v C2H4. B. CH4 v C3H4. C. CH4 v C3H6. D. C2H6 v C3H6.

p n => 1 ankan Hoc da vo 1,12 lt kh khng p => V ankan = 1,12 =>

nCnH2n+2 = 0,05 mol
V cht c.n li = 1,68 1,12 = 0,56 mol => n cht = 0,025 = nBr2 4 g Br2 p =>
Cht l anken :CnH2n
nAnkan = 0,05 ; nAnken = 0,025 ; Gi CT an kan : CnH2n+2 ; anken : CmH2m
t to ra CO2 => BTNT C => n.nCnH2n+2 + m.nCmH2m = nCO2 n.0,05 +
m.0,025 = 0,125
2n + m = 5 n < 5/2 => n = 1 v n = 2
Xt n = 1 => m = 3 =>C tha m.n
Xt n = 2 => m = 1 Loi v. khng c cht CH2 => Loi => C

Cu 75: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y,

thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Thnh
phn % v s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp M ln lt l
A. 35% v 65%. B. 75% v 25%. C. 20% v 80%. D. 50% v 50%.

Gi X : CnH2n+2 ; Y : CmH2n-2 ; gi x , y l s mol X v Y

BTNT C => x.n + y.m = nCO2
BTNT H => (2n+2).x + (2n-2)y = 2nH2O (n+1)x + (n-1)y = nH2O
Ta c nCO2 = nH2O x.n + y.m = (n + 1)x + (n-1)y x y = 0 x= y => % mi
cht = 50%

Cu 76: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch

CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml
CO2 (cc kh o cng iu kin to, p). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l
A. 25,8. B. 12,9. C. 22,2. D. 11,1.

T l th tch = t l s mol => 20mol hn hp X => 24 mol CO2

Gi x , y ln lt l s mol C3H6 , CH4 => nCO = 2y VCO gp 2 ln VCH4
n hn hp = nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO = x + y + 2y = x + 3y = 20
BTNT C => 3nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO = nCO2 3x + y + 2y = 24 3x+ 3y = 24
Gii h => x = 2 ; y = 6 => m hn hp = 2.42 + 6.16 + 12.28 = 516 g => M hh X
= 516/20 = 25,8
T khi vi H2 = 12,9
Nu khng lm c c th m. thy A v B gp i nhau ; C v D gp i nhau
B v D kh nng ng cao hn hay cho la khng tnh t khi
Tng kh nng ng.

Cu 77: Mt hn hp X gm 1 ankan A v 1 ankin B c cng s nguyn t

cacbon. Trn X vi H2 c hn hp Y. Khi
cho Y qua Pt nung nng th. thu c kh Z c t khi i vi CO2 bng 1 (phn
ng cng H2 hon ton). Bit rng VX
= 6,72
lt v H2 V = 4,48 lt. CTPT v s mol A, B trong hn hp X l (Cc th tch kh
o kc)
A. 0,1 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H2. B. 0,1 mol C3H8 v 0,2 mol C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol C2H6 v 0,1 mol C2H2. D. 0,2 mol C3H8 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
Phn ng cng H2 hon ton ; MZ = 44 = 14n + 2 V. to ra ankan : CnH2n+2 v t
khi vi CO2 => n = 3
A , B l C3H8 v C3H4 mt khc ta c nH2 = 0,2 mol => nC3H4ankin = 0,1 mol
k.X = nH2 vi k l s pi => nC3H8 = 0,2 mol => D

Cu 78: Mt hn hp X gm C2H2, C3H6, CH4. t chy hon ton 11t hn

hp X thu c 12,6 gam H2O. Nu cho 11,2 lt
hn hp X (ktc) qua dung dch brom d thy c 100 gam brom phn ng.
Thnh phn % th tch ca X ln lt l
A. 50%; 25% ; 25%. B. 25% ; 25; 50%.
C.16% ; 32; 52%. D. 33,33%; 33,33; 33,33%.

Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol C2H2 ; C3H6;CH4 Sa 1 lt thnh 0,4 mol

n hn hp = x + y + z = 0,4 mol
BTNT H => 2nC2H2 + 6nC3H6 + 4nCH4 = 2nH2O 2x + 6y + 4z = 1,4 mol
Xt mt khc ta c n hn hp = 0,5 mol
V nBr2 p = 2nC2H2 + nC3H6 nBr2 / n hn hp = (2nC2H2 + nC3H6) / (nC2H2 +
nC3H6 + nCH4)
Chia tim ra t l gia x, y, z : khng c p dng vo h trn v. s mol khc
nhau
5/4 = (2x + y) / (x + y + z) 3x -y 5z = 0
Gii h 1 , 2 , 3 => x = 0,2 ; y = z = 0,1 mol => %V = n / n hn hp => A

Cu 79: Dn 4,032 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm C2H2, C2H4, CH4 ln lt qua

b.nh 1 cha dung dc AgNO3 trong NH3 ri qua
b.nh 2 cha dung dch Br2 d trong CCl4. b.nh 1 c 7,2 gam kt ta. Khi
lng b.nh 2 tng thm 1,68 gam. Th tch (ktc)
hn hp A ln lt l:
A. 0,672 lt; 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt. B. 0,672 lt; 0,672 lt; 2,688 lt.
C. 2,016; 0,896 lt; 1,12 lt. D. 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt; 0,672 lt.

nC2H2 = nAgC=*CAgXem mt s bi tp trn = 0,03 mol => V C2H2 = 0,672 lt

mC2H4 = m b.nh 2 v. C2H4 b hp th bi Br2 = 1,68 g => nC2H4 = 0,06 mol =>
VC2H4 = 1,344 lt
=> V CH4 = V hn hp VC2H2 VC2H4 = 2,016 lt => A

Cu 80: X, Y, Z l 3 hirocacbon th kh trong iu kin thng, khi phn

hu mi cht X, Y, Z u to ra C v H2, th tch
H2 lun gp 3 ln th tch hirocacbon b phn hu v X, Y, Z khng phi l
dng phn. CTPT ca 3 cht l
A. C2H6 ,C3H6 C4H6. B. C2H2 ,C3H4 C4H6. C. CH4 ,C2H4 C3H4. D. CH4 ,C2H6 C3H8.
th tch H2 lun gp 3 ln th tch hirocacbon b phn hu . t lun
Th tch ca mi hidrocacbon phn hy => u to ra 3 th tch H2
BTNT H => y.VCxHy = 2VH2 y = 6 => ch c A tha m.n 3 cht u c 6 H

Cu 81: Hn hp X gm 0,1 mol C2H2; 0,15 mol C2H4 ; 0,2 mol C2H6 v 0,3 mol
H2. un nng X vi bt Ni xc tc 1 thi gian
c hn hp Y. t chy hon ton hn hp Y c s gam CO2 v H2O ln
lt l
A. 39,6 v 23,4.B. 3,96 v 3,35. C. 39,6 v 46,8. D. 39,6 v 11,6.
BTNT C ; BTNT H => A C mt bi v n ri
nCO2 = 2nC2H2 + 2nC2H4 + 2nC2H6 ; nH2 = 2nC2H2 + 4nC2H4 + 6nC2H6 +
2nH2ban u

Cu 82: Hn hp ban u gm 1 ankin, 1 anken, 1 ankan v H2 vi p sut 4

atm. un nng b.nh vi Ni xc tc thc hin
phn ng cng sau a b.nh v nhit ban u c hn hp Y, p sut
hn hp Y l 3 atm. T khi hn hp X v Y so
vi H2 ln lt l 24 v x. Gi tr ca x l
A. 18. B. 34. C. 24. D. 32.
CT tnh s mol ; V. trong 1 b.nh => th tch khng i , Nhit khng thay i
cho a v nhit ban u
P1.V1
nA = T1.0,082=P1 nB P2.V2 P2
T2.0,082

=>

P1.V1 mA
nA = T1.0,082=P1 M=PA1 MB =P1 nB P2.V2 P2 mB P2 MA P2
T2.0,082 MB
V. BTKL => mA = mB

Thay s MA = 24 ; p1 = 4 ; p2 = 3 => MB = 32 =>D

Cu 83: Hn hp A gm H2, C3H8, C3H4. Cho t t 12 lt A qua bt Ni xc tc.

Sau phn ng c 6 lt kh duy nht (cc kh
o cng iu kin). T khi hi ca A so vi H2 l
A. 11. B. 22. C. 26. D. 13.
T l th tch = t l s mol => Chn 12 mol A => To ra 6 mol kh duy nht C3H8
Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol H2 , C3H8 , C3H4
x + y + z = 12 mol
PT p : C3H4 + 2H2 => C3H8
z mol x mol => zmol

=> x = 2z v. phn ng va do to ra 1 sn phm duy nht l C3H8

Ngoi ra nC3H8 = y + z = 6 v. C3H8 ban u khng p
Gii h => x = 6 ; y = z = 3 C th dng my tnh hoc th t x = 2z vo cc PT c.n
li ri gii h 2 n
=> m hn hp = 6.2 + 3.44 + 3.40 = 264 => M hn hp = m / n = 264/12 = 22 =>
T khi vi H2 = 11 =>A

Cu 84: un nng hn hp X gm 0,1 mol C3H4 ; 0,2 mol C2H4 ; 0,35 mol H2
vi bt Ni xc tc c hn hp Y. Dn ton b
Y qua b.nh ng dung dch KMnO4 d, thy thot ra 6,72 l hn hp kh Z
(ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 12. B.nh ng dung
dch KMnO4 tng s gam l:
A. 17,2. B. 9,6. C. 7,2. D. 3,1.

BT khi lng => m hn hp X = m hn hp Y = m b.nh tng + m hn hp kh thot

ra
m hn hp X = m b.nh tng + m hn hp kh thot ra
0,1.40 + 0,2.28 + 0,35.2 = m b.nh tng + 0,3.12.2 m b.nh tng = 3,1 g =>D
Bi ny c ni n mt s bi trn

Cu 85: t chy m gam hn hp C2H6, C3H4, C3H8, C4H10 c 35,2 gam CO2
v 21,6 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,4. B. 10,8. C. 12. D. 56,8.

AD CT : m hn hp hidrocacbon = 12.nCO2 + 2.nH2O = 12g Xem Chuyn pp gii

bi tp ha hu c
V. nC = nCO2 ; nH = 2nH2O

Cu 86: t chy 1 hirocacbon A c 22,4 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 27 gam

H2O. Th tch O2 (ktc) (l) tham gia phn ng l:
A. 24,8. B. 45,3. C. 39,2. D. 51,2.
BTNT Oxi => 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O => nO2 => V = 39,2 lt =>C

Cu 87: Mt hn hp X gm 1 ankin v H2 c V = 8,96 lt (kc) v mX = 4,6

gam. Cho hn hp X i qua Ni nung nng, phn
ng hon ton cho ra hn hp kh Y, c t khi
X

d = 2. S mol H2 phn ng; khi lng; CTPT ca ankin l

A. 0,16 mol; 3,6 gam; C2H2. B. 0,3 mol; 4 gam; C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol; 4 gam; C2H2. D. 0,3 mol; 2 gam; C3H4.
Y

Xem cch chng minh phn anken dng bi anken + H2 bi 53 => Phn ny tng
t
Pt: CnH2n-2 +2H2 =>CnH2n+2
Ban u:x mol ymol
P x mol 2x mol xmol
Sau p y 2x x mol
=> n sau p = nH2 d + nCnH2n+2 y 2x +x = y x
n trc p = x + y ; m trc = m sau BT khi lng
(x+y).M trc = (y x).M sau
p dng bi ny=> (x+y) = (y x).2 V. M sau = 2MY do dY/X = 2 y = 3x
Mt khc x + y = 0,4 mol => x = 0,1 v y = 0,3 Gii h => nH2 = y = 0,3 mol
m ankin + mH2 = 4,6 g 0,1 . (14n 2) + 0,3.2 = 4,6 n = 3 => C3H4 vi n =
0,1 mol=> m =4 g >B

Cu 88: t chy mt hirocacbon M thu c s mol nc bng s mol

CO2 v s mol CO2 nh hn hoc bng 5 ln s
mol M. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca M bit rng M cho kt ta vi dung dch
AgNO3/NH3.

A. C4H6 v CH3CH2C
C. C3H4 v CH3C

CH. B. C4H6 v CH2=C=CHCH3.

CH. D. C4H6 v CH3C

CCH3.

nH2O : nCO2 = 3 / 4 => Chn nH2O = 3 mol => nCO2 = 4 mol

=>
= nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 4 CnH2n-2 v. nCO2 > nH2O PP gii ha hu c
=> C4H6 ; Mt khc M to kt ta vi AgNO3/NH3 => A v. phi c lin kt 3 u
mch

BI TP V ANKAIEN -TECPEN - ANKIN

1D 2B 3D 4C 5A 6D 7A 8B 9C 10A
11C 12C 13C 14A 15A 16B 17A 18D 19B 20D
21B 22C 23D 24C 25C 26B 27B 28B 29A 30B
31B 32B 33D 34C 35B 36C 37C 38C 39C 40C
41C 42C 43D 44A 45D 46C 47B 48D 49C 50D
51C 52C 53D 54A 55A 56C 57D 58A 59A 60C
61D 62B 63D 64D 65B 66C 67A 68B 69D 70A
71D 72A 73C 74C 75D 76B 77D 78A 79A 80A
81A 82D 83A 84D 85C 86C 87B 88A