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Bi 1: Gii cc phng trnh:

a) ( ) 4 lg
2
16 lg
4
1
2 2 3 lg
4
x
x x
+

b)
0 27 3 lg 3 lg
2
1
1 2 lg 2
1

,
_

+
,
_

+ +
x
x
c) ( ) ( ) 6 2 log 1 4 log
3
2 2
+ +
+ x x
x d)
( ) ( )
8
1
log 1 4 log . 4 4 log
2
1 2
1
2
+ +
+ x x
Bi 2: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
( )
( )
2
4
1
. 2 7 1 log
1 2
1 2
1
x x
x
x
+

b) ( ) [ ] { }
2
1
log 3 1 log 1 log 2 log
3 2 3 4
+ + x
c)
( ) 1 1 2 log . log log 2
3 3
2
9
+ x x x
d) ( )
2
1
2 1 3 log
2
3
+
+
x x
x
Bi 3:Tm x bit ( ) ( ) 3 2 lg , 1 2 lg lg2,
x
+
x
, theo th t lp thnh mt cp s cng.
Bi 4: Gii cc phng trnh:
a)
( ) ( ) 1 5 5 log . 1 5 log
1
25 5

+ x x

b)
( ) ( )
3
8
2
2
4
4 log 4 log 2 1 log x x x + + + +

c)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 log 1 log 1 log 1 log
2 4
2
2 4
2
2
2
2
2
+ + + + + + + + x x x x x x x x
d) ( ) ( )
2
9
3
3
2
27
3 log
2
3
log .
2
1
6 5 log +

+ x
x
x x
Bi 5: Gii cc phng trnh:
a)
8 4 log 3
log 3 log
2 2 3
3
3
3
+

x x
x
b)
( )
x
x

+3 log
5
2
c)
( )
( )
x
x
x
x
x
3
3
3
2
3
log
1
log
log
3
+

d)
( ) x x
3 2
log 1 log +
e)
( ) x x x
4
4
6
log log 2 +
f)
( ) x x
5 7
log 2 log +
g)
( ) ( ) x x
2 3 3 2
log log log log
h) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 log 1 log . 1 log
2
6
2
3
2
2
+ x x x x x x
Bi 6: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
( ) 5 log 2 log
3
+ x
x
b)
( )
( ) 7 log 1 2 log
2 1
+

x
x
c) 1 lg 1 lg 2
3
x x d) ( ) ( ) 6 5 4 log 5 . 2 5 4 log 3
2
2
2
2
+ + + + x x x x
Bi 7: Gii cc phng trnh:
a)
( ) 5 log 1 log
4 x
+ x
b)
( )
( )
( ) 1 log 2
2 log
1
1 3 log
2
3 x
2
+ + +
+
x x
c)
0 log . 40 log . 14 log
4
3
16
2
2
x
+ x x x
x x d)
( ) 2 log 2 log
2
2
+ +
+
x x
x x
Bi 8: Gii cc phng trnh:
a)
14 21 7
5 4 2
3
log
2
2
2
3
+ +

,
_

+ +
+ +
x x
x x
x x
b)
,
_




x
x
x x
1
log 2 2
2
1
c)
( ) x x
x
2 1 log 1 3
3
+ + +
d)
( ) 1 5 log 3 2 1 6
6
+ + + x x
x
e)
2 3
5 4 2
3
log
2
2
2
3
+ +

,
_

+ +
+ +
x x
x x
x x
f)
x x
x
x x x
6 2
5
log 2 4
2
3
5 3
2



PHNG TRNH LGARIT
Phng php 1: a v cng c s:
1)
8
4 2
2
1 1
log ( 3) log ( 1) log (4 )
2 4
x x x + +
K: 0<x1.
(1)
1
3 ( 3)( 1) 4
( 3) 1 4
0 1 2 3 3
( 3)(1 ) 4
x
x x x x
x x x
x x
x x x
>

'
+

< <

'
+

2)
3
3 2 3 2
3 1
log .log log log
2 3
x
x x
x
+
K: x>0
2 3 3
1
(2) log (1 2log 6log 2) 0
3
8
x
x x
x

3)
5
1
2log( 1) l ogx log
2
x x
K:x>1
2 2
1
(3) log( 1) l ogx
2
x x (khng tho mn k). Phng trnh v nghim
4)
2
2 2
log ( 3) log (6 10) 1 0.
: 3
x x
DK x
+
>
2 2
2 2
1( )
(4) log ( 3) log (3 5) 3 3 5
2
x l
x x x x
x

5)
2
1
log( 10) l ogx 2 log4
2
x + +
K: -10<x0
5
(5) ( 10) 25
5 5 2
x
x x
x

+

+

6)
2 2 3
2 2
1
log (2 ) log 3 2
2
x x x x +
K:x>0
2 3
2
1
(6) log (2 ) 3 2
2
x x x
x
+
p dng BBT Csi cho 2 s dng 2x; 1/2x ta c:
2
1
2 2 log 2 1
2
x VT
x
+
Xt hm s y=3x
2
-2x
3
trn (0 ;+) c GTLN l 1 khi x=1.
Do pt c nghim duy nht x=1.
7)
3
2
log 1 2 2
2 2
3 2 log ( 1) log
x
x x x
+
+
K:x>0
2 3
2
1
(7) 3 2 log ( ) x x x
x
+
8)
2 2
3 3
log ( 2) log 4 4 9 x x x + + + +
. S: x=25; x=-29
9)
4
log ( 2).log 2 1
x
x + . K: 0<x1
4 2 2 2
1( )
1 1
(9) log ( 2) log log ( 2) log
2 log 2 2
x
x l
x x x x
x

+ +

10)
2 2
2 2 2
log ( 3 2) log ( 7 12) 3 log 3 x x x x + + + + + + . K: x<-4 hoc -3<x<-2
2 2
(10) ( 1)( 2)( 3)( 4) 24 ( 5 4)( 5 6) 24 x x x x x x x x + + + + + + + +
t x
2
+5x+5=t phng trnh tr thnh (t-1)(t+1)=25 t=5. Gii c x=0 hoc x=-5.
11) 2
( 5)
( 2)
log ( 3) log ( 3)
x
x x
x x
+
+
+ +
. K : x>-3
+) x+3=1 x=-2 l nghim ca pt
+) x+31x-2
2
2
( 3) ( 3)
3
1 1
(11) 2 5
1 log ( 2) log ( 5)
x x
x
x x x
x x x x
+ +

+ +

+ +

Vy pt c 3 nghim.
Phng php 2 : t n ph :
1)
( 1) 2
log 16 log ( 1)
x
x
+
+
. K : -1<x0.
t
2
log ( 1) . x t + Pt tr thnh
3
2
4
3
2
4
x
t
t
t t x

2)
2 2
2
log 4 .log 12
x
x x . K : 0<x1.
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
4
log 4
(8) .log 12 (1 log )log 6
1
log
8
x
x
x x x
x x

3)
2 4
log 4 log 5 0 x x . K 1 x .
2 2
1 1
(9) log 4 log 5 0
2 2
x x
. t t=
2
1
log
2
x
50
1( )
( 0) 2
5
t l
t x
t

Phng php 3: S dng tnh n iu ca hm s


1)
2
log( 6) log( 2) 4 x x x x + + + > K x>3
(1) log( 3) 4 x x
. Xt S BT ca 2 hm s suy ra pt c nghim duy nht x=4
2)
2
2
3 2
1
log 3 2
2 4 3
x x
x x
x x
+
+
+
.
2 2 2 2
3 3
2 2 2 2
3 3
2
3 3
2
(2) log ( 1) log (2 4 3) (2 4 3) ( 1)
log ( 1) ( 1) log (2 4 3) (2 4 3)
1
(2) : log log
2 4 3
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
u x x
u u v v
v x x
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+

+ +
'
+

.
Xt hm s f(t)=log
3
t+t l HSB vi t>0
Pt tng ng u=v
1
2
x
x

3)
,
_




x
x
x x
1
log 2 2
2
1
. K: 0<x<1
1
2 2
2 log 2 log (1 )
x x
x x

+ +
Xt hm s f(t) =2
t
+log
2
t trn (0 ; 1) l HSB nn pt x=1-x x=1/2
4)
14 21 7
5 4 2
3
log
2
2
2
3
+ +

,
_

+ +
+ +
x x
x x
x x
.
2 2 2 2
3 3
2 2 2 2
3 3
2 2 2
log ( 3) log (2 4 5) 7[(2 4 5) ( 3)]
log ( 3) 7( 3) log (2 4 5) (2 4 5)
1
3 2 4 5 3 2 0
2
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x
x
+ + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + +

5)
6
log
2 6
log ( 3 ) log
x
x x + . K : x>0
t t=
6
log x x=6
t
. phng trnh tr thnh
3 1
2 6 3 1 3 ( ) 1
2 6
t t t t t
t x + +
6)
2 2 2
log 9 log log 3 2
.3
x
x x x
. K x>0
2 2 2 2
log log log log 2 2
(3) 9 .3 3 3 1
x x x x
x x
t log
2
x=t pt tr thnh 3
t
+1=4
t
. Pt c nghim t=1 x=2.
7)
2 2
3 2
log ( 2 1) log ( 2 ) x x x x + + +
t
2 2
3 2
log ( 2 1) log ( 2 ) t x x x x + + + . Ta c h pt
2
2 2
1 3
2 1 3
t
t t
x x
x
+

t
'
+

8)
3 3
3 log log 1 0 x x . S : x=3 ; x=81.
9)
4
6 4
2log ( ) log x x x + . K : x>0
4
6 4 4
1
(6) log ( ) log log
2
x x x x +
t t=
4
log x . Phng trnh tr thnh
6
log (4 2 ) 4 2 6 1 16
t t t t t
t t x + +
10)
8 2
3log log
2 2 5 0
x x
x x

+
. K : x>0
t
2
log 2
t
t x x . Pt tr thnh
2
2
2
2
2.(2 ) 2.(2 ) 5 0 2.2 5 0 1
1
2
2
t t t t t
t
x
t
x

+ + t

11)
2
2 2
log ( 1)log 2 6 0 x x x x + + .K: x>0
t t=
2
log x phng trnh tr thnh
2 2
2
1
log 2 2
( 1) 2 6 0
4
3 log 3
2
x t x
t x t x
t x x x
x

+ +

12)
5
log ( 3)
2
x
x
+

. K: x>-3
t
5
log ( 3) 3 5 5 3
t t
x t x x + + . Phng trnh tr thnh
2 1
2 3 5 3. 1 1 2
5 5
t t
t t
t x
_ _
+ +

, ,
13)
2
1 1 2
2 2
2 .log ( 1) 4 .(log 1 1)
x x
x x
+ +
+ + +
( )
2
2 1 1 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 log ( 1) 2 .log 2 1
1
1, 0 2 log 2 log
2 1
x x
u v
x x
u x
u v u v
v x
+ +
+ +
+


'
+

+u>vVT>VP
+u<vVT<VP
+u=v cho nghim x=
1 2 t
CC BI TON C THAM S.
Bi 1: Gii v bin lun phng trnh :
3 3 3
2log log ( 1) log 0 x x m .
K:
0
0
x
m
>

'
>

Phng trnh
2
0 x mx m +
+0<m<4: phng trnh v nghim
+m=4 phng trnh c nghim x=2
+m>4
1 2
2 2
2 2
S m
x x > > > nn phng trnh cho c 2 nghim
2
1,2
1
( 4 )
2
x m m m t
Bi 2; Tm m phng trnh
2
2 1
2
4(log ) log 0 x x m +
c nghim thuc (0;1).
K: x>0
2
2 2
log log 0 pt x x m + +
t t=
2
log x ;
(0;1) ( ;0) x t
. Phng trnh tr thnh t
2
+t+m=0
S=-1<0 nn pt c nghim n t th s c nghim m . Do k :
1
0
4
m .
Bi 3 : Tm m phng trnh
2 2 2
2 1 4
2
log log 3 (log 3) x x m x +
c nghim thuc
[32; ) +
.
K: x>0
t
2
log ; [32; ) [5; ) t x x t + + . Phng trnh tr thnh:
2
2 3 ( 3) t t m t
+t=3 khng l nghim
+t3 ta c

2
2
2 3
( ) ; [5; )
3
2
lim ( ) 1; '( ) 0
( 3) 2 3
t
t t
m f t t
t
t
f t f t
t t t
+

+

<

HSNB trn [5;+)
Lp BBT ta c 1<m
3

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