1600-1800

Before the Spanish times: Men and women were treated equally. Women during the Spanish times: Existed as dependents of men. Rights over property were curtailed. They could not sell property they inherited from their parents before their marriage without the consent of their husbands. The friar curates taught them to be very obedient to their husbands.
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 The friars taught them to prepare themselves for marriage. They were taught prayers and how to behave in public. They were taught how to use the fork, the spoon, and the knife in formal dinners. They were not taught how to be independent. They lived to raise children. Treasurer of home; kept the money for the family.

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 The Spaniards introduced Catholicism to the Filipinos, who, contrary to earlier views, did not readily accept the new religion. In fact, many of the earliest uprising or resistances were due to the desire of the people to return to the religion of their ancestors before the colonization. But then, Catholicism win the hearts and minds of millions of Filipinos, who to this day, remain the majority.

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 Geographical unity results of the conquest and colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards. Before, there was no such geographical unity as the Philippines. There were only thousands of islands and islets ruled by their respective chieftains (barangay) Thus, there were no central government. When the Spaniards came, they organized a central government. A central authority ruled the whole country, except the non-Christian areas.
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 The Christianized Filipinos, who constituted the great majority of the people in the lowlands, recognized this central authority and followed the laws promulgated either by the Government of Spain or by the governorgeneral. The same laws were followed in all Christianized areas because there was already geographical unity in the colony under the Spanish empire.

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 Filipinos learned Spanish language through their direct contact with the Spaniards even if the Spanish administrators and friar-curates did not teach them to. Through this, it led to adoptions among many Filipino languages. Spanish words like silla, mesa, cama, and many more, were incorporated into Philippine languages like Hiligaynon, Sugbuhanon, Bicolano, Tagalog, Ilocano, and others. Tagalog was especially influenced because the Tagalog region was, and still, the center of the social, political, cultural, economic setup of the country.
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TAGALOG Sibuyas Kabayo Bintana Balkon Kusina

SPANISH Cebolla Caballo Ventana Balcon cocina

Thus, the native languages were enriched by the incorporation of Spanish words, which have become part of everyday language or Philippine History and Culture CHAPTER 7 Lawrence L. communication. Bucayu
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 Printing by woodblocks was introduced by Dominican missionaries to published the first books in the Philippine, the Doctrina Christiana, one in Tagalog and one Chinese. Printing by typography was introduced later. Tomas Pinpin was one of the earliest printers. He was called The Prince of Filipino Printers because of the many books ne printed for the Dominicans. Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay was another Filipino printer who became famous. He was not only a good printer but a good engraver also.
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He engraved a map prepared by a Jesuit. Domingo Loag was also a printer and an engraver. He printed religious books and dictionaries. Other famous engravers were Cipriano Bagay, Felipe Sevilla, and Laureano Atlas.

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 During the early period of Spanish rule, education was not available to the majority of Filipinos. But on the second half of the 19th century, primary and secondary schools were opened to Filipinos. Despite of this, many Filipino children are afraid to go to school because the teachers were oftentimes brutal. With the rise of middle class, many Filipinos were able to go to colleges like San Juan de Letran, San Jose, and Ateneo Municipal. Later these Filipinos were admitted to University of Sto. Tomas where they finished courses in law, medicine, pharmacy, and surveying.
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 Spaniards allowed the Filipinos to enroll in schools and colleges, where they were taught Latin and Spanish, arithmetic, philosophy, theology, and others. It must remembered that the last half of the 19th century, was a period when European imperialism was approaching its climax. The motive for imperialism of other European countries was based solely on the economic exploitation of their colonies. The colonizing countries did not educate the people of their colonies. BUT SPAIN DID.
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