n tp Ha 12 Nng cao

IN PHN
I NH NGHA in phn l dng nng lng in thc hin phn ng oxi ha - kh xy ra trn catot v anot. + Ti Catot (cc m): Xy ra qu trnh kh (nhn electron). + Ti Anot (cc dng): Xy ra qu trnh oxi ho (cho electron). II CC TRNG HP IN PHN 1. in phn nng chy a) in phn nng chy oxit: M2On 2O 2- - 4e O 2 Catot (-): Anot (+): M n+ + ne M Do in cc lm bng graphit (than ch) nn b kh sinh ra ti Anot n mn.

2C + O 2 2M 2O n

2CO
dpnc 4M + nO2

2CO + O 2

2CO 2

Phng trnh phn ng in phn cho c hai in cc l:

dpnc M 2O n + nC 2M + nCO dpnc 2M 2O n + nC 4M + nCO 2

Kh sinh ra Anot thng l hn hp: CO, CO2 v O2. n gin ta ch xt phng trnh sau:

2M 2O n

dpnc 4M +

nO 2 Anot (+): 2OH- - 2e

n O 2 + nH 2O 2
Anot (+): 2X - 2e X 2

b) in phn nng chy Hidroxit : M(OH)n Catot (-): Mn+ + ne Tng qut:

1 O2 + H2 O 2

dpnc 2M(OH) n 2M +

c) in phn nng chy mui Halogenua (MXn) Catot (-): Mn+ + ne M

dpnc

2MX n 2M + nX 2 Tng qut: 2. in phn dung dch - Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch, dung mi nc ng vai tr quan trng. + L mi trng cc ion (anion v cation) chuyn ng v cc in cc. + i khi nc cng tham gia vo qu trnh in phn. 2H 2O + 2e H2 + 2OH Catot:
Anot:

H 2O 2e

1 O 2 + 2H + 2

vit c cc phng trnh in phn mt cch y v chnh xc, chng ta cn ghi nh mt s qui tc kinh nghim sau : Qui tc 1: Qu trnh kh xy ra Catot + Cc ion kim loi t Al3+ tr v u dy in ha khng b kh thnh kim loi khi in phn dung dch. + Cc ion kim loi sau Al3+, b kh thnh kim loi theo th t t phi sang tri. Lu : Ion H+ lun b kh cui cng Qui tc 2: Qu trnh oxiha Anot S2- > I - > Br - > Cl - > OH - (H 2O) + Th t in phn: Cc anion (gc axt) cha oxi: NO 3 ; SO 4 ; CO3 ; SO3 ; PO4 ; ClO4 coi nh khng b in phn Lu : Hin tng dng cc tan Nu Anot lm bng kim loi, th kim loi s b oxiha thnh ion Mn+ do anot s b tan dn trong qu trnh in phn III NH LUT IN PHN Cng thc Faraday:
2223-

m=

A.I.t n.F

Trong : + m: khi lng sn phm sinh ra ti in cc (gam) + n : s electron trao i + I : Cng dng in (ampe) + t : Thi gian in phn (giy) + F: Hng s Faraday (F = 96500) Gio vin: Nguyn Anh 1

n tp Ha 12 Nng cao
IV VN DNG: V d 1: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr Anot (+) dung dch CuSO4 SO42-, H2O

Catot (--) Cu2+, H2O

H 2O 2e

1 O2 + 2H + 2

Cu2+ + 2e Cu

Phng trnh in phn: CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42 2+ + Cu + 2e Cu

H 2O 2e

1 O2 + 2H + 2

dpdd CuSO 4 + H 2O Cu + H 2SO 4 +

1 O 2 2

Catot (--) Na+, H2O

V d 2: in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr Anot (+) dung dch NaCl Cl-, H2O 2Cl- - 2e Cl2 Phng trnh in phn: 2(NaCl Na+ + Cl- ) + 2Cl- - 2e Cl2

2H 2O + 2e

H2 + 2OH

2H 2O + 2e

H2 + 2OH

dpdd 2NaCl + 2H 2O 2NaOH + H 2 + Cl 2

V d 3: in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol KBr . Anot (+) dung dch CuSO4 v KBr SO42-, Br--, H2O

Catot (--) Cu2+, K+, H2O

-

+ Catot (-): Cu2+, K+, H2O th t in phn l Cu2+ > H2O, cn K+ khng b in phn. 2H 2O + 2e H2 + 2OH Cu2+ + 2e Cu ht Cu2+ th 2-2+ Anot (+): SO4 , Br , H2O th t in phn l Br > H2O, cn SO4 khng b in phn. 2Br- - 2e

Br2

Phng trnh in phn: + Nu: b > 2a th KBr d: + Nu: b < 2a th CuSO4 d: + Nu: b = 2a

1 O2 + 2H + 2 dpdd CuSO 4 + 2KBr Cu + Br2 + K 2SO 4

ht Br- th

H 2O 2e

dpdd 2KBr + 2H 2O H2 + Br2 + 2KOH m.n.x dpdd CuSO 4 + H 2O Cu + H 2SO 4 +

dpdd H 2O H 2 +

1 O 2 2

1 O2 2

V d 4: in phn dung dch CuCl2, in cc tr bng dng in 5A trong 45 pht 20 giy. Tnh khi lng kim loi sinh ra Catot v V lt (ktc) kh sinh ra Anot. Bi gii Phng trnh in phn:
dpdd CuCl 2 Cu + Cl 2

p dng cng thc Faraday:

64 . 5 . 2720 4,512 = 4,512 g n Cl2 = n Cu = = 0,0705 mol 2 . 96500 64 VCl2 = 0,0705 . 22,4 = 1,5792 lit mCu =
Gio vin: Nguyn Anh 2

n tp Ha 12 Nng cao
V BI TP VN DNG

Gio vin: Nguyn Anh