Ky Nang Quan Ly Thoi Gian PDF

TRUNG DAI HC AN GIANG
DJ N PHE
Bin son: Nguyn V Thy Chi
D}ng Anh Ti
An Giang, thng 01/2007
MJC LJC
PHAN MT THI GIAN & QUAN L THI GIAN.............................................................. 1
1. Gi tr| cua thi gian.....................................................................................................................................1
2. Bn dang su dng thi gian tt nhu th no? ...................................................................................1
3. Hy phn tch cch bn dang su dng thi gian..............................................................................3
4. Nguyn nhn dn dn vic su dng thi gian chua tt l g?......................................................6
5. Quan l thi gian...........................................................................................................................................7
PHAN HAI XC DJNH MJC TIU CUA CNG VIJC......................................................... 8
1. Xc d|nh mc tiu.........................................................................................................................................8
1.1 Muc tiu chnh................................................................................................................. 9
1.2 Muc tiu h tro ................................................................................................................ 9
1.3 Muc tiu nn c ............................................................................................................... 9
2. Nhng d}c dimcua mc tiu................................................................................................................10
2.1. R rng .......................................................................................................................... 10
2.2. Phn chia thoi gian thuc hin cu th.............................................................................. 10
2.3. Ph hop kha nng cua nguoi t chuc hoc c nhn duoc giao thuc hin muc tiu....... 10
2.4. Quan trong..................................................................................................................... 10
2.5. Ph hop voi dim chung cua tp th ............................................................................. 10
2.6. Phai c thch thuc nhung phai kha thi........................................................................... 10
3. Phn loi mc tiu......................................................................................................................................11
4. S di ngh|ch gia tnh cp bch v tmquan trng cua cng vic (vn d).....................13
5. Phn chia mc tiu thnh nhiu cng vic c th, c th thc hin duc v xc d|nh
mc d uu tin ............................................................................................................................................14
6. Tin hnh cng vic d dt duc mc tiu........................................................................................18
TM TAT .................................................................................................................................... 19
PHAN BA CNG CJ QUAN L THI GIAN....................................................................... 20
1. D th| quan l thi gian............................................................................................................................20
2. L|ch cng vic...............................................................................................................................................23
PHAN BN LM THE NO DE SU DJNG THI GIAN HIJU QUA? 30
1. Lm vic c t chc....................................................................................................................................30
2. Lp k hoch truc ....................................................................................................................................30
3. Bit r khi no lm vic hiu qua nht...............................................................................................30
4. Tp tnh ky lut di vi ban thn.........................................................................................................31
5. Ghi li nhng thc mc trong khi thc hin v dnh thi gian trao di ..............................31
6. Su dng nguyn tc SMART..................................................................................................................31
7. Vic hm nay khng d ngy mai.........................................................................................................33
8. Kimsot duc nhng s lng ph cua bn: trnh nhng k dnh cp thi gian.......33
8.1. Thay di thu tu uu tin cng vic do phai giai quyt rui ro.......................................... 33
8.2. Din thoai ...................................................................................................................... 33
8.3. Thiu muc tiu v thu tu uu tin ................................................................................... 33
8.4. C gng qu nhiu? ....................................................................................................... 34
8.5. Khch dn thm qu nhiu ............................................................................................ 34
8.6. Phn quyn khng hiu qua........................................................................................... 34
8.7. Bn lm vic ln xn..................................................................................................... 34
8.8. Su chn chu - gin doan ................................................................................................ 35
8.9. Khng c kha nng ni khng ................................................................................... 35
8.10. Gp g - su lng ph thoi gian ....................................................................................... 35
9. C th lc tt.................................................................................................................................................35
TM TAT .................................................................................................................................... 36
Kv nng quan l thoi gian
1
PHAN MT
THI GIAN & QUAN L THI GIAN

1. Gi tr| cua thi gian

Nu ban mun bit gi tri thoi gian cua mt nm,
hy hoi nhung sinh vin nm cui cn no mn hoc phai
du ky thi tt nghip nm sau.
Cu tra loi s l ? Gi m hi d mnh dnh
thoi gian nhiu hon cho vic hoc, Uoc g lc d c thoi
gian di hon, Gi m c thoi gian nhiu hon ,
Thoi gian l mt khi nim truu tuong, v hnh v khng th nm bt duoc nhung n lai
c tc dng chi phi v anh huong dn moi kha canh trong cuc sng cua mi chng ta.
Thoi gian l thu ti san, l ngun vn qu bu v dc do m mi nguoi du duoc huong
nhu nhau Theo quy lut tu nhin thoi gian s tu dn v di mt cch nhe nhng nhung s khng
bao gio quay tro lai.
Thoi gian l ngun luc c gioi han, khng th lm moi lai duoc v cung khng th mua
hay thu muon duoc cua nguoi khc.
Mt k su d tnh duoc rng voi mt thanh st nng 5kg, nu lm dinh s bn duoc 10
USD, nu lm kim may s bn duoc 300 USD cn nu dng lm nhung ci l xo dng h s dem
lai 25.000 USD. Nhu vy, cng mt luong nguyn liu du vo nhung voi nhung du ra khc
nhau s cho nhung gi tri khng ging nhau.
Mi chng ta du c 86.400 giy/ngy, 365 ngy/nm nhu nhau, tuy nhin vic su dung
nguyn liu thoi gian d nhu th no, dng chng d lm g l ty thuc vo quyt dinh cua c
nhn mi nguoi. Nu ban bit su dung thoi gian tt th chc chn ban s dat duoc nhiu hon
nhung g m ban c th.
2. Bn dang su dng thi gian tt nhu th no?
Ban hy hon thnh tt 10 cu hoi trc nghim duoi dy bng cch khoanh trn vo tra
loi dng nht voi vic su dung thoi gian cua ban, sau d hy cng cc kt qua lai d c duoc mt
dp n v vic su dung thoi gian cua c nhn ban.

2
BN S D(NG THI GIAN CA MNH C TOT KHNG?

TRA LI
CU HI
Thuong
xuyn
Thinh
thoang
Chua
bao gio
KET
QUA
1. Mi ngy ban du bo ra mt khoang thoi gian
nht dinh d ln k hoach lm vic cho ngy mai
3 2 1
2. Ban s giai quyt nhung vn d lon truoc tin

3 2 1
3. Ban c th hon thnh moi vic trong k hoach
hng ngy
3 2 1
4. Ban c th ung dung hon thnh cng vic dng
thoi han
3 2 1
5. Gc hoc tp cua ban lun ngn np, gon gng

3 2 1
6. Ban c th tm thy nhung ti liu d duoc ct
giu lu mt cch nhanh chng.
3
2 1
7. Ban c thuong gp kh khn trong vic quyt
dinh xem s lm vic g k tip
3 2 1
8. Ban d bao gio khng kip np bi tp theo dng
yu cu cua gio vin do c nhiu gin doan
3 2 1
9. Ban c vua n vua doc sch, bo,

3 2 1
10. Ban c thuong xuyn chinh lai dng h deo tay
v dng h treo tuong d thoi gian duoc chnh xc
3 2 1
Tng s dimcua bn
3
DP N CHO VIJC SU DJNG THI GIAN CUA BAN
im cua ban tu 27 dn 30 dim.
Ban rt gioi trong vic sp xp v su dung thoi gian , hiu qua hoc tp v cng vic cua
ban s cao nu ban tip tuc duy tr tt thi quen sp xp v su dung thoi gian, thnh cng
chc chn s nm trong tm tay ban.
Nng luc sp xp v su dung thoi gian cua ban l kh tt, nu nhu ban dnh thm thoi
gian quan tm du tu vo vic sp xp v su dung thoi gian cua ban hop l hon th hiu
qua hoc tp v cng vic cua ban s cao hon.
Kha nng sp xp v su dung thoi gian cua ban hoi km. Hy phn tch ti mi cc nguyn
nhn d c th sp xp v su dung thoi gian hop l hon.

3. Hy phn tch cch bn dang su dng thi gian
Nu ban l nguoi dang su dung thoi gian cua mnh chua tt th vic du tin m ban nn
lm l hy c gng m ta lai mt cch chi tit v chnh xc bc tranh v cch su dung thoi
gian cua ban.
Hin tai, ban dang dnh bao nhiu thoi gian trong ngy cho vic hoc tp? Nghe din
thoai? Gp g ban b? Truy cp Internet? Di mua sm? Doc sch, bo, tap ch? v.v
Vic phn tch cch ban phn phi v su dung thoi gian l giai php duy nht gip ban
bit mnh dang lng ph thoi gian vo nhung vic g d c th phn b lai mt cch hiu qua hon.
NHAT K THI GIAN

Nht k thoi gian l mt cng cu m ban
su dung d ghi lai cch ban su dung thoi
gian cho nhung cng vic cu th.
Nht k thoi gian s gip ban c duoc ci nhn tng quan v hin trang vic su dung thoi
gian cua ban v thng qua d ban c th hiu duoc ban dang su dung thoi gian nhu th no.
Mt vi sinh vin sau khi thuc hin ghi nht k thoi gian d ni:By gio th ti c th
hiu phn no l do tai sao chua bao gio ti c thoi gian cho nhung cng vic quan trong, tht
don gian v ti d phung ph thoi gian qu nhiu.
4
Vay lm th no d lap duoc nhat k thoi gian?
Ban s lp nht k thoi gian bng cch chia ngy hoc tp, lm vic cua ban thnh nhiu
phn nho khoang 30 pht. C l nn bt du tu thoi dim ban bt tay vo cng vic du tin v
cho dn khi ban kt thc cng vic lm cui cng trong ngy d nghi nghoi.
Mu nht k thoi gian duoi dy ban c th tham khao cho ln su dung du tin v c th
chinh sua cho ph hop voi lich trnh lm vic cua ban.

Buoc quan trong tip theo l ban cn phai ghi nhn chnh xc ban d su dung thoi gian
nhu th no, tun tu theo thoi gian tt ca moi hoat dng trong ngy hoc tp, lm vic cua ban.
Khng chi nhung vic lon, chim nhiu thoi gian hay d duoc ln lich sp dt truoc nhu ln lop,
hop nhm, di hoc thm hay di lm thm m ca nhung vic nho nhung cung chim mt khi
luong thoi gian trong ngy lm vic cua chng ta nhu di cho, nu com, di mua d cng ban hay
ngi tn gu voi ban b
Ban can phai ghi nhat k thoi gian bao lu?
D c th phn tch vic su dung thoi gian ban phai ghi nht k thoi gian t nht l 3 ngy,
kt qua phn tch s tt hon nu ban c th ghi nht k thoi gian trong vng 1 tun.

Th , ngy thng nm..
Thi dim Hot dng
Thi gian
su dng
Kt qua
dt duc
6.00 . .
6.30 .
7.00 .
7.30 .
8.00 .
8.30 .
.
11.30 .
12.00 .
13.00 .
13.30 .
.. .
19.30 .
20.00 .
20.30 .
21.00 .
21.30 .
22.00 .
5
PHN TCH NHAT K THI GIAN
Cng vic phn tch thoi gian bao gm 2 buoc:
Phn loai cc cng vic thnh cc nhm cng vic
Nhn dinh cch phn b thoi gian
Vic phn loai cng vic thnh cc nhm cng vic dua theo ban cht cua cng vic.
Thng thuong ban nn phn thnh 3 nhm cng vic nhu sau:
Nhm 1: Bao gm nhung cng vic phuc vu nhu cu c nhn nhu v sinh c
nhn, n ung, git qun o, ui d v.v .
Nhm 2: Bao gm nhung cng vic lin quan, phuc vu cho vic hoc tp, cng tc
Nhm 3: Bao gm nhung cng vic ban dnh cho x hi, nhung cng vic lin
quan dn gia dnh v so thch cua ban.
Sau khi hon thnh vic phn loai cng vic vo cc nhm 1 2 3, ban s tnh t l
phn trm thoi gian cua mi nhm cng vic.
S l l tuong nu ban dnh khoang 25% thoi gian cho nhm cng vic s 1, 50% cho
nhm cng vic s 2 v 25% thoi gian cn lai cho nhm cng vic s 3.
Cn ban, sau khi phn nhm cng vic th t l phn trm thoi gian cua mi nhm cng
vic cua c nhn ban l bao nhiu ?
Nhm 1 Nhung cng vic phuc vu nhu cu c nhn .. .%
Nhm 2 Nhung cng vic lin quan phuc vu cho vic hoc tp, cng tc .%
Nhm 3 Nhung cng vic x hi, gia dnh v so thch cua ban %
Hy dnh 1 pht d v biu d phn b thoi gian cua ban v so snh n voi biu d thoi
gian l tuong v ghi lai nhn xt cua ban
..
..
Biu d phn b thi gian l tung
Nhm cng
vic s 2
50%
Nhm cng
vic s 1
25%
Nhm cng
vic s 3
25%
Biu d phn b thi gian cua bn
Nhm cng
vic s 2
...%
Nhm cng
vic s 1
...%
Nhm cng
vic s 3
...%
6
Vic nhn dinh duoc cch ban d phn b thoi gian cua mnh c th duoc thuc hin thng
qua vic tra loi mt s cu hoi nhu:
Ban dang dnh thoi gian nhiu nht cho nhm cng vic no?
Bao nhiu thoi gian duoc ban dnh cho vic hoc tp?
Ban c dang nhn qu nhiu cng vic so voi kha nng cua ban?
Bao nhiu % thoi gian cua ban d bi dnh cp vo nhung vic khng phai l cua
ban hoc khng thuc su cn dn su c mt cua ban?
Vic su dung thoi gian d ph hop voi muc tiu cua ban trong giai doan hin tai?
Dn dy th ban d c th dua ra duoc kt lun cho vic phn tch cch su dung thoi gian
cua chnh mnh. Hy dnh 5 pht d suy ngh v ghi lai nhung kt lun cua ban.
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4. Nguyn nhn dn dn vic su dng thi gian chua tt l g?
Theo ban, c nhung nguyn nhn no khin ban dang su dung thoi gian chua tt. Hy suy
ngh v ghi lai khoang 3 5 nguyn nhn chnh.
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C th c rt nhiu nguyn nhn khin ban su dung thoi gian chua tt, nhung chu yu
c th k dn nhung nguyn nhn chnh nhu
Thiu cc uu tin / muc tiu: Dy c l l nguyn nhn gy lng ph thoi gian quan
trong nht. N anh huong dn tt ca chng ta ca v phuong din ngh nghip ln
c nhn. Nhung nguoi hon thnh hu ht nhung cng vic trong mt ngy bit
chnh xc ho mun hon thnh ci g. Khng may l qu nhiu nguoi trong chng
ta ngh rng muc dch v muc tiu l vn d cua nm chu khng phai mi quan
tm hng ngy. Chng ta dnh qu nhiu thoi gian cho nhung vic nho m khng
tp trung vo nhung vic quan trong cho cng vic v cuc sng cua mnh.
Khch khng moi: Ba tu cht chc nht c th cuop di thoi gian cua ban l C
ranh khng. Thu pham o dy l ai? ban hoc, ban k tc x, ban cu,
in thoai Internet: Dy l phuong tin thng tin tuyt voi nht nhung cung c
th l k th lon nht di voi su hiu qua nu ban khng bit cch kim sot vic
su dung n.
7
Khng c kha nng ni khng: Nu nguoi ta c th dn cng vic hoc vn d
ln vai ban th ho s lm dy. Mt s nguoi hay bi cng thng v thiu k nng
ni khng do so lm nguoi khc pht .
Gc hoc tap bua bon: Hy nhn lai bn hoc cua mnh. Nu ban nhn thy t hon
80% din tch cua n th c th ban dang vuong vo mi cng thng bn giy.
Gc hoc tp cua nhung sinh vin thnh cng lun ngn np, gon gng v sach s.
Tr hon: Dy l k cp thoi gian lon nht, khng phai l ra quyt dinh m l trnh
n ra quyt dinh. Ban c th tng dng k qu thoi gian hiu qua bng cch giam
bot chn chu.

5. Quan l thi gian
Nhung nguoi thnh cng nht th gioi c dim g chung? Ho du l nhung chuyn gia v
quan l thoi gian! Ban khng th thuc su thnh cng cho dn khi ban bit cch quan l thoi gian
thch hop.
Ban hiu Quan l thoi gian ngha l g? Hy dnh mt vi pht d suy ngh v ghi lai
cch ban hiu v quan l thoi gian.
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C nhiu cch hiu v khi nim Quan l thoi gian nhu:
Tp trung dnh nhiu thoi gian vo nhung vic quan trong
Quyt dinh su dung thoi gian mt cch tt nht
Lm duoc nhiu vic hon trong mt khoang thoi gian nht dinh
Khng lng ph thoi gian vo nhung vic khng lin quan
Kim sot thoi gian duoc tt hon.
Trnh duoc vic vi v hon thnh cng vic vo pht cui.
Tt ca nhung cch hiu trn v quan l thoi gian du dng v chng ta c th dua ra mt
cch hiu chung cho khi nim Quan l thoi gian nhu sau:
Quan l thi gian c ngha kim sot tt hn cch bn su dng thi gian v dua ra
nhng quyt d|nh sng sut v cch bn su dng n.
8
PHAN HAI
XC DJNH MJC TIU CUA CNG VIJC
Muc tiu l dch dn cua mt cng vic hay mt vn d cn
thuc hin. Vic xc dinh muc tiu trong cng vic s gip
chng ta xem xt v thuc hin cng vic cua mnh mt cch
logic, v dat hiu qua cao. V vy, chng ta s tit kim thoi
gian trong qu trnh thuc hin cng vic d.
Ban khng th quyt dinh phai lm g hm nay nu khng
bit mnh mun dat duoc diu g vo ngy mai. Moi k hoach
hon thin vic su dung thoi gian du phu thuc vo vic ban
hiu r cc muc tiu cua chnh mnh.
1
1. Xc d|nh mc tiu
Xc dinh muc tiu trong cng vic l vic xc dinh kt qua
cn dat duoc khi tin hnh thuc hin mt cng vic voi mt gi
tri hay muc ngha no d. Xc dinh muc tiu nhm: Tp
trung cho cng vic quan trong nht, xc dinh duoc phuong huong lm vic, t tn thoi gian cho
nhung vic khng quan trong, han ch vic lng ph thoi gian. Do vy, buoc du tin khi tin
hnh cng vic l chng ta cn phai xc dinh muc tiu cu th cn dat duoc khi hon tt cng vic
d. Qua d s gip chng ta:
- Tp trung vo vic giai quyt vn d chnh
- Xc dinh duoc cc buoc thuc hin hay nhung giai php cu th khi tin hnh thuc thi cng
vic
- Tp trung giai quyt nhung cng vic quan trong, han ch bi phn tn vo nhung cng vic
khng quan trong
- Tao dng luc phn du
- Tit kim thoi gian
- Giai quyt duoc vn d, dat duoc hiu qua cao, dat duoc su hi lng giua cc thnh vin
trong nhm hay trong t chuc.
Mi cng vic khc nhau s c cc muc tiu tuong ung khc nhau, nn gi tri mong doi dat
duoc cung s khc nhau. Vic thuc hin tung muc tiu cu th di hoi cn c khoang thoi gian cu
th d dat duoc. V vy, muc tiu c th dat duoc trong khoang thoi gian ngn hay trong thoi gian
di ty thuc vo tnh cht v tm quan trong cua cng vic cn giai quyt. V trong qu trnh
thuc hin mt cng vic, nguoi ta thuong chia muc tiu thnh muc tiu chnh, muc tiu ho tro
(muc tiu phu) v muc tiu nn c.
1
Bin dich L Tuyn. Quan l thoi gian. 2004. TP. H Ch Minh: NXB Tr
Chay dua voi thoi gian?
9
1.1 Muc tiu chnh
Muc tiu chnh l muc tiu c tnh quyt dinh di voi su thnh cng cua cng vic m
chng ta thuc hin. Nu muc tiu ny bi tr hon hay bi lch huong trong qu trnh thuc hin th
cng vic cua ban khng th dat duoc gi tri mong mun hoc khng dat duoc hiu qua cao nhu
d d ra. Nn muc tiu chnh l muc tiu phai dat duoc trong qu trnh thuc thi cng vic cua ban.
V du:
- Di voi sinh vin ni chung, muc tiu chnh l phai dat duoc vn bng tt nghip dai hoc
sau 4 nm hoc.
- Di voi cc doanh nghip ni chung, muc tiu chnh l ti da ha loi nhun
- Muc tiu chnh cua cc Gim dc l hon thnh k hoach voi kt qua cao nht.
- ..
1.2 Muc tiu h tro
Muc tiu h tro l cc muc tiu gp phn h tro vic thuc hin mu tiu chnh. Nhung muc
tiu ny cung quan trong nhung thuong duoc thuc hin trong di han. Cc muc tiu h tro l
cu ni d dat duoc muc tiu chnh.
V du:
- Di voi sinh vin ni chung, muc tiu chnh l phai dat duoc vn bng tt nghip dai hoc
sau 4 nm hoc. Cc muc tiu phu l phai hon thnh tt cc ky thi hoc ky, n luc hon nua
trong hoc tp,
- Di voi cc doanh nghip ni chung, muc tiu chnh l ti da ha loi nhun, cc muc tiu
phu c th l n luc tit kim chi ph, n luc cc hoat dng xc tin bn hng,
- Muc tiu chnh cua cc Gim dc l hon thnh k hoach voi kt qua cao nht, muc tiu h
tro c th l vic tuyn duoc cc Truong phng gioi, hun luyn nghip vu cho cc nhn
vin d gp phn dat duoc muc tiu chnh.
-
1.3 Muc tiu nn c
Muc tiu nn c l muc tiu nhm h tro cho vin thuc hin muc tiu chnh tt hon. Do
vy, nu c cc muc tiu nn c th n s h tro tt hon cho cc muc tiu chnh mc d s pht
sinh thm thm chi ph. Tuy nhin, nu khng c nhung muc tiu ny th chng ta vn thuc hin
duoc muc tiu chnh.
V du:
- Trong cc doanh nghip th muc tiu nn c thuong l cc trang thit bi hay vn phng lm
vic, v nu c dy du cc trang thit bi lm vic hin dai s gip cho cc nhn vin lm
vic voi hiu sut cao hon, v nu vn phng lm vic thng thong v thoai mi s tao bu
khng kh tt cho nhn vin lm vic
- Muc tiu nn c di voi sinh vin c th l h thng thu vin dy du cc loai sch v s
luong nhiu, sinh vin c diu kin tip cn thuc tin v ung dung l thuyt vo thuc tin
thuong xuyn hon
-
10
2. Nhng d}c dimcua mc tiu
Thng thuong muc tiu c nhung dc dim sau dy:
2.1. R rng
Nu muc tiu khng r rng s lm ban mt nhiu thoi gian. V vy muc tiu r rng s
gip ban thuc hin tt cng vic duoc giao. Dc bit, khi ban mun nguoi khc gip mnh thuc
hin mt cng vic no d, ban phai cho ho bit r muc tiu cung nhu thoi gian d hon thnh
cng vic d.
2.2. Phn chia thoi gian thuc hin cu th
Khi no s hon thnh duoc muc tiu ny? Vic xc dinh duoc thoi gian thuc hin mt
cng vic s gip ban trnh duoc vic mt thoi gian du tu cho cng vic khc nhung khng gp
phn hon thnh muc tiu cua mnh.
2.3. Ph hop kha nng cua nguoi t chuc hoc c nhn duoc giao thuc hin muc tiu
Diu ny s khuyn khch ban n luc thuc hin muc tiu hay nhim vu duoc giao. Nu
muc tiu vuot ngoi kha nng cua ban s khin cho ban nan ch trong vic thuc hin muc tiu d
giao, tao tm l khng tt trong khi thuc hin cng vic v gy nn suc y.
2.4. Quan trong
Vic xc dinh muc tiu dat duoc cn phai gn lin voi mt muc ngha hay tm quan
trong no d. Diu ny s gip ban thy hnh din hon khi hon thnh muc tiu ny v n s tao
dng luc, kch thch ban n luc lm vic tt hon trong thoi gian toi.
Nguoc lai, nu muc tiu ban nu ra khng c ngha hay tm quan trong g s lm cho
ban chn nan khi thuc hin v thuong s xut hin cu hoi: Thuc hin vic ny d lm g? hay
Tai sao phai thuc hin vic ny, trong khi vic lm ny khng c ngha g ca?, nhu vy kt
qua dat duoc s khng cao hoc ban s khng bao gio dat duoc muc tiu d d ra.
2.5. Ph hop voi dim chung cua tp th
Trong cuc sng ban khng th tch khoi cng dng, tp th hay mt nhm dang sng
xung quanh ban. Do vy muc tiu m ban xc dinh hay d ra phai ph hop voi nhung dc dim
chung cua tp th d c su ung h c vu cua tp th, tao dng luc cho ban hon thnh muc tiu
mt cch tt nht.
Nu muc tiu cua ban tch roi hoc di nguoc lai voi loi ch cua tp th th ban s bi c lp
hoc ban s di mt voi ln sng phan di ban mt cch manh m nn ban kh c th dat duoc
muc tiu d d ra.
2.6. Phai c thch thuc nhung phai kha thi
Khi ban dt ra muc tiu no d th n lun di hoi ban phai n luc nhiu hon d dat duoc
muc tiu d d ra. Tuy nhin, n phai ph hop thuc tin v kha nng cua ban (ban c th thuc
hin duoc). Nu muc tiu qu xa roi thuc tin, vuot qu kha nng cua ban th cho d ban c n
luc dn du cung khng th dat duoc muc tiu d.
Nhu vy, voi nhung dc dim trn s gip ban dt muc tiu ph hop voi ban thn v c
tnh thch thuc, tao dng luc d ban phn du vuot qua kh khn d dn dch cui cng.

11
3. Phn loi mc tiu
Khi ban cn dat duoc mt diu mong mun trong tuong lai,
ban phai dt cho mnh nhung muc tiu nht dinh, xc dinh du l
muc tiu chnh, muc tiu ho tro v muc tiu nn c.
Sau khi xc dinh duoc cc muc tiu, ban cn uoc luong thoi
gian thuc hin cua tung muc tiu cu th d xc dinh duoc thoi gian
hon thnh tung muc tiu d. Bn canh d, ban cn xem xt lai
nhung hoat dng trong nhung ngy truoc dy d xc dinh duoc
nhung yu t no chi phi thoi gian cua ban nhiu nht, tu d ban
s c su diu chinh ph hop d tp trung giai quyt nhung vn d
chnh, quan trong gp phn hon thnh muc tiu.
V du 1:
XC DJNH MC UU TIN CHO CNG VIJC CUA BAN
2
Mc tiu Mc uu tin Din giai
Dat duoc 500,000USD uu tin ti
tro bn ngoi cho nhung khoan muc
c th chp nhn duoc
Chnh Cn thit d mo rng sang dia dim thu
hai. Cua hng khng th pht trin m
khng c dai l thu hai
Doanh thu hng nm tu cc co so
hoat dng l 6 triu USD v loi
nhun sau thu l 700,000USD
Chnh Trong bn nm
Do tao David d anh ta c th dam
trch cc hoat dng o cua hng thu
nht
H tro Trong nm toi. Ti khng th mo cua
hng thu hai cho dn khi David sn
sng dam trch vic quan l cua hng
thu nht
Pht trin dy chuyn cung ung c
chi ph thp v dng hen
H tro C kha nng ct giam chi ph hng ha
v chi ph hng tn 600,000USD hng
nm
Cai thin chuong trnh loi ch suc
khoe m khng thm nhiu chi ph
Nn c Nhung loi ch cho suc khoe cua chng
ta cn t canh tranh so voi nhung nh
bn l khu vuc khc
Nng cp h thng k ton Nn c Mt h thng tt hon s tit kim thoi
gian v cho nhiu thng tin kip thoi d
ra quyt dinh v kim sot
Pht trin website thuong mai din
tu
H tro Phuong n tt nht d tng doanh thu
m khng cn phai thm din tch sn
2
Bin dich: Bch Nga, Tn Phuoc v Pham Thi Su. Cm nang kinh doanh Harvard (Harvard Business Essentials):
Quan l thoi gian (Time management). 2006. TP. H Ch Minh: NXB Tng Hop
Phn loai muc tiu ra sao?
12
V du 2:
XC DJNH MC UU TIN CHO CNG VIJC CUA BAN: Phai dat duoc loai kh trong
hoc ky ny
Mc tiu Mc uu tin Din giai
Xc dinh phuong php hoc tp
dng dn (tham gia hoc nhm,
thuong xuyn dt cu hoi di voi
thy c v ban b nu ti chua hiu
r vn d,)
Chnh Nho lu, c kin thuc chuyn mn su
(c nhung bi tp hay tnh hung kh,
ti cn c su gip d hoc trao di voi
ban b d hiu vn d r hon, khng tao
cc l hng tri thuc,)
Cn c, sing nng Chnh Dnh nhiu thoi gian d hoc tp, nghin
cuu chuyn mn v cc lnh vuc khc
C trang thit bi, phuong tin phuc
vu vic hoc tp (thu vin, dung cu
th nghim, sch, bo, internet, TV,
my tnh,
H tro Nng cao tri thuc, tip cn thuc tin v
thu thp duoc nhiu du liu hoc su
kin d dn chung, chung minh cho
nhung pht biu hoc bi vit cua ti
Tham gia cc hoat dng th thao Nn c Mi ngy dnh 60 pht vo bui chiu,
tu 16h30 dn 17h30 hoc 17h00 dn
18h00
Tham gia cc hnh thuc giai tr khc Nn c Thinh thoang tham gia cc hoat dng
ngoi troi: picnic, d ngoai, hay xem
biu din vn ngh,
Qua d cho thy, vic phn loai dng cc loai muc tiu s gip ban dat duoc diu mong mun
voi kt qua tt v tit kim duoc thoi gian. Tuy nhin, muc tiu thuong l nhung cng vic hay
vn d m ban s dat duoc trong tuong lai (ngn han hoc di han), v trong tuong lai c th s
c nhung thay di nht dinh o chnh ban thn ban hoc nhung thay di do cc yu t bn ngoi
gy ra. Nn ban cn phai thuong xuyn xem xt (cp nht) lai cc muc tiu cua mnh sao cho ph
hop voi xu th pht trin cua thoi dai cung nhu ph hop voi ban thn ban trong tung thoi ky nht
dinh.
D|nh k xem xt cc mc tiu cua bn bng cch d}t cu hi:
3
Cc muc tiu ny c cn thuc t khng?
Cc muc tiu ny c cn ph hop khng?
Cc muc tiu ny c cn lin quan khng?
Nu bo muc tiu ny th c anh huong dn nguoi khc khng (truong hop trong tp th)?

3
13
Thay di d thch ung voi nhung bin di cua mi truong l rt quan trong, nhung khng v
th m ban thuong xuyn thay di muc tiu cua mnh chi v nhung kh khn nht thoi. Khi thay
di muc tiu, ban phai ch dn nhung dim sau:
Nhung thay di d s:
Khng nn anh huong lon dn tp th hay thiu s no d c lin quan dn muc tiu
cua ban tu truoc d
Khng nn lch huong so voi muc tiu ban du
Khng nn chuyn ban sang mt muc tiu moi hon ton
Khng tri voi dao duc, truyn thng vn ha x hi duoc s dng cng chng chp
nhn
4. S di ngh|ch gia tnh cp bch v tm quan trng cua cng vic (vn d)
Trong cuc sng hng ngy ban dnh nhiu thoi gian d giai quyt nhiu cng vic hay vn
d khc nhau, trong d c mt vn d m cc ban thuong hay di mt, d l tnh cp bch cua
cng vic.
Cng vic cp bch l cng vic di hoi cn duoc giai quyt ngay. Tuy nhin, moi cng vic
cp bch chua hn phuc vu hay h tro cho vic thuc hin muc tiu hay su thnh cng cua ban
trong tuong lai. Thng thuong muc tiu chnh duoc hon thnh trong tuong lai, v vy tnh cp
thit cua cc muc tiu chnh khng mang tnh tuc thoi.
V du:
Muc tiu chnh cua ban l dat duoc tm bng tt nghip dai hoc loai gioi sau khi tt nghip.
Muc tiu chnh cua ban l hoc ky ny phai thi qua ht cc mn (khng thi lai mn no)
Muc tiu chnh cua ban l s lm vic cho cng ty lin doanh sau khi tt nghip
Muc tiu chnh cua ban l sau 03 nm cng tc, ban s lm Truong phng nhn su cua mt
cng ty, 02 nm tip theo s l Ph Gim dc,
Muc tiu chnh cua ban l tro thnh giang vin sau khi tt nghip, sau 02 nm hoc xong
Master v tro thnh giang vin gioi, 03 nm tip theo di hoc nghin cuu sinh tin s,
Tt ca muc tiu trn phai duoc thuc hin trong tuong lai, khng phai thuc hin ngay lp tuc.
Tuy nhin, trong thuc t ban lai lun bi mt thoi gian v cng suc cho nhung cng vic cp bch
nhung khng phai l cc muc tiu chnh cua ban. Thuong cc muc tiu di han hay gp phai vn
d ny, v ban ngh rng cn nhiu thoi gian d thuc hin muc tiu cua mnh nn khng cn tin
hnh thuc hin muc tiu ngay lp tuc.
V du:
Hng thng ban duoc gia dnh cho ban 400.000dng, ban du kin s tit kim d dnh
100.000dng/thng, qua hoc ky ny ban s mua 2 b qun o tu s tin tch luy d. Tuy nhin,
sau 3 thng xe dap cua ban bi hu hong nng v phai thay th suon xe moi v mt s b phn
khc, diu ny lm ban mt 250.000dng. V ban s c gng tip tuc d dnh trong thoi gian toi
d mua qun o.
Ban vua nhn duoc hoc bng tri gi 5 triu dng, ban du kin tun toi s mua mt my vi tnh
gi khoang 4,5 triu dng v 0,5 triu cn lai s chi tiu vo vic khc. Tuy nhin, 4 ngy sau khi
ban nhn duoc hoc bng, ban bi mt din thoai di dng, v vy ban d lp tuc chi 2 triu d mua
14
din thoai moi. Ban ngh rng, ban s n luc hoc tp d c co hi nhn duoc mt loai hoc bng
tuong tu d ri sau d s mua ngay my vi tnh.
Lc 9h00 ban dang lm bi tp d du gio chiu np bi cho thy day mn ton, khoang 9h15
ban cua ban dn moi ban di ung caf d trao di mt s vn d. Ban ngh: ban mun bit vn d
d l g nn ban d tam ngung lm bi tp v di ung caf.
Ban dang lm bi tp trn my vi tnh (o tng trt) duoc khoang 20 pht, mt nguoi ban khc
dn nho ban ln tng 1 (phng doc sch cua thu vin) d giai thch cho ban y mt vn d m ban
y khng hiu khi dang doc sch. Ban tam dung lm bi tp cua mnh v ln tng 1 gip ban
mnh.
Qua cc v du trn cho thy, moi vn d m ban giai quyt du khng lin quan g dn muc
tiu chnh cua ban, mc d ban cam thy rng nhung vic ny duong nhin phai lm, nhung n
lai lng ph thoi gian cua ban. Chng nhung th, m n cn huong ban ngy cng xa roi muc tiu
cua mnh, nhung tht su ban chng c lua chon khc; diu ny cung dng v ban gip ban b hay
nguoi khc l l duong nhin v d l tinh thn tuong tro ln nhau trong cuc sng, l truyn
thng-dao duc x hi.
D giai quyt nhung vn d ny, ban cn lp k hoach lm vic cu th, vit lich lm vic r
rng. Hng tun, ban s xem xt lai nhung cng vic m ban dang di mt hng ngy. Qua d,
ban s thy duoc nhung cng vic no lin quan dn cc muc tiu chnh v muc tiu h tro cua
ban, cng vic no mang tnh cp bch nhung lai khng lin quan dn cc muc tiu cua ban.
V vy nu trong cuc sng, ban khng c nhung nguyn tc nht dinh di voi ban thn th rt
kh quan l duoc thoi gian cua ban v ban s lun cam thy cng vic (khng quan trong) cua
ban ngy cng nhiu, khng th giai quyt kip thoi mc d ban d n luc ht kha nng v tp
trung cng suc d giai quyt chng.
Diu quan trong l ban phai phn bit duoc du l cng vic cp bch v quan trong (?), du
l cng vic chi don thun l cp bch (?). D lm duoc diu ny, ban phai thuong xuyn luyn
tp v thuc hin cng vic theo mt k hoach v lich trnh cu th. Mt khi ban phn bit duoc hai
loai cng vic trn, ban s c cch b tr thoi gian mt cch hop l nht cung nhu khi no nn tu
chi nhung cng vic cp bch nhung khng quan trong. V nhu vy ban d giai quyt duoc vn
d di nghich giua tnh cp bch v tm quan trong cua cng vic.
5. Phn chia mc tiu thnh nhiu cng vic c th, c th thc hin duc v xc d|nh mc
d uu tin
Nhn bit v xp loai muc tiu l diu cn thit nu ban c dinh
nghim tc v vic tn dung hu ht thoi gian cua ban
4
. Tuy vy, c
mt s muc tiu chnh qu lon v di hoi thoi gian di d hon thnh
chng nn ban khng th truc tip giai quyt duoc chng ngay, m
ban cn phai chia chng thnh nhung cng vic cu th d thun tin
trong quan l v thuc hin tung vic mt theo trnh tu logic.

4
Bin dich: Bch Nga, Tn Phuoc, Pham Thi Su. Cm nang kinh doanh Harvard (Harvard Business Essentials):
Lon-nho hay quan trong-khn cp?
15
V du:
Muc tiu chnh cua ban Thnh l ban mun c duoc tm bng tt nghip dai hoc loai gioi.
Muc tiu chnh cua chi Tuyt l ban sau 10 nm lm vic, chi s xy duoc cn nh khang
trang trong ni TP. Long Xuyn.
Muc tiu chnh cua ban Nguyn l sau 2 nm day hoc s tro thnh gio vin gioi.
Muc tiu chnh cua ban Cuong l sau 3 nm lm vic s tro thnh k su gioi.
Cc muc tiu trn khng th thuc hin duoc ngay m cn phai duoc chia ra thnh nhung
nhim vu cu th phai dat duoc hng tun, hng thng, hng qu, hng nm,
Nhn chung, vic dng muc tiu d quan l thoi gian cua ban s v cng quan trong, v vy
ban c th vn dung cc buoc sau dy d quan l thoi gian hiu qua hon:
Chia nho muc tiu thnh nhiu cng vic (nhim vu) cu th v kha thi
Xc dinh muc d uu tin: sau khi chia muc tiu thnh nhiu cng vic cu th ban hy
tin hnh phn loai nhung cng vic d theo muc d uu tin theo thu tu I, II v III.
Muc uu tin I: nhung cng vic dnh cho muc tiu chnh cua ban, d l nhung cng
vic mang tnh cp bch v quan trong
Muc uu tin II: nhung cng vic dnh cho muc tiu h tro, d l nhung cng vic
mang tnh cp bch v tm quan trong chi o muc trung bnh hoc chi l cp bch hoc
tm quan trong cao (chi mt yu t duy nht) v nguoc lai,
Muc uu tin III: nhung cng vic cp bch hoc khng cp bch nhung khng quan
trong lm.
Sp xp vic thuc hin cng vic tht logic, ph hop: Vic thuc hin cc cng vic
theo mt thu tu truoc sau s gip ban hon thnh cc cng vic mt cch nhip nhng,
cng vic duoc hon thnh truoc h tro cng vic sau.
V du:
Nhm cua ban (03 ban) chun bi bo co v mt chu d cua mt mn hoc, quy trnh
thuc hin c th nhu sau:
Thu thp du liu Lp dn (outline) Lua chon cc chnh Sp xp cc cho
mach lac Bo co thu (din tp) Hiu chinh Bo co chnh thuc
Nhu vy mi quan h giua cc cng vic l phu thuc ln nhau, cng vic sau phai
cho su khoi du v kt thc cua cng vic truoc d (nhu v du trn). Tuy nhin, khng
phai tt ca cc cng vic du theo tun thu quy lut nhu th, cng vic sau s duoc
tin hnh sau cng vic truoc d mt khoang thoi gian nht dinh chu khng nht thit
phai cho cng vic truoc d kt thc moi bt du hoc c th thuc hin cc cng vic
song song voi nhau.
V du:
Vic cc ban thuc hin v sinh lm dep ton b khun vin truong, do ton b khun
vin truong qu lon nn phai duoc chia thnh nhiu khu vuc khc nhau, mi lop hay
mi khoa s thuc hin mt khu vuc nht dinh. Nhu vy, cc lop hay khoa c th thuc
hin phn vic cua mnh song song voi nhau hay chi truoc sau mt khoang thoi gian
ngn. Khng nht thit phai cho mt lop hay khoa no d khoi du v kt thc th lop
hay khoa khc moi tip tuc phn vic cua mnh.
16
V vy, khi tin hnh phn chia muc tiu thnh nhiu cng vic khc nhau, ban cn
luu dn mi quan h giua cc cng vic d xc dinh thoi dim bt du cua mi cng
vic cho ph hop nhm tit kim thoi gian.
Uoc luong thoi gian hon thnh mi nhim vu: Dy khng phai l mt cng vic d
dng cho cc ban, c nhung cng lp di lp o muc d thuong xuyn th ban d dng
uoc luong thoi gian d thuc hin chng.
V du:
Ban s rt d dng uoc luong khoang thoi gian cn c d di tu noi ban o dn truong
hoc, v n din ra hng ngy, thm ch nhiu ln trong mt ngy.
17

NHIJMVJ V THI GIAN
5
Mc tiu: Gioi thiu mt loat cc chuyn d do tao ni b-ban du l hai ln mt
thng trong thoi gian ba thng (tng cng su ln). Nu duoc quan tm nhiu v c
hiu qua, nhung loat chuyn d ny s duoc tip tuc
Nhimv Hot dng
Uc lung
thi gian
(pht) Ghi ch
1 Hop ln du tin d phn
tch chin luoc
60 Gm Ramon, Harriet,
Julie, v Peter
2 Hop ln hai: Xc dinh d ti
v nguoi thuyt trnh
75 Gm tt ca nhung nguoi
trn cng thm Fred
3 Suy tnh dia dim t chuc
chuyn d, vic giao tip v
thc dy ni b
120
4 Hop ring tung nguoi thuyt
trnh
240
5 Trin khai chuyn d giao
tip
180 Lin quan dn tip thi
6 Gim st thuc hin 180
7 Dnh gi hu chuyn d 60 Nhung g d4 lm duoc v
chua lm duoc
8 Goi thu cam on v mn qu
nho cho tung nguoi thuyt
trnh
60
Tng thi gian 975 S gi: 16,25
Tuy nhin, trong cuc sng nhung vn d moi lun pht sinh v rt kh d ban uoc luong
duoc thoi gian cn thit d hon thnh chng. Trong truong hop ny, ban cn thit tham khao
kin cua ban b, thy c hay nguoi thn cua mnh, d uoc luong khoang thoi gian tuong di
hop l cho cng vic d. V ban cn xc dinh thm khoang chnh lch tu 10% dn 20% d du
tr nhung pht sinh khng trng doi c th xay ra.

5
18
Sau khi ban chia muc tiu thnh nhiu cng vic v uoc luong thoi gian hon thnh chng,
ban cn phai xem xt lai ln nua, diu chinh kip thoi thu tu uu tin cua tung cng vic cho ph
hop voi nhung thay di cua x hi. V nu c th, hy dt nim tin v giao vic cho nguoi khc
d ban c nhiu thoi gian giai quyt nhung cng vic chnh v quan trong. Bn canh d, mt
trong nhung vn d khng km phn quan trong d dat duoc muc tiu, d l ban cn phai sp xp
cc cng vic trong s nht k cua ban theo muc d quan trong hoc theo thu tu uu tin d thun
tin cho ban trong qu trnh thuc hin cc cng vic (c th diu phi voi cc ban khc hay dng
nghip).
V du:
Tro lai voi v du v nhm ban bo co chuyn d mn hoc, ban c th phn cng ban A gioi
v su dung my tnh tm kim du liu trn mang, ban B thch doc sch s tm du liu trong sch,
bo, v ban gioi v vic lnh vuc vit th ban s vit dn (outline),
6. Tin hnh cng vic d dt duc mc tiu
Truoc khi tin hnh cng vic, ban hy xc dinh vn d sau theo nguyn tc 5W-2H nhu sau:
Tai sao phai thuc hin cng vic ny (Why)?
Ni dung l g (What)?
Khi no s thuc hin (When)?
Thuc hin nhu th no (How)?
Thuc hin trong bao lu (How long)?
Voi ai (Who)?
du (Where)?
Tra loi cho cc cu hoi trn s gip ban hon thnh cng vic cua mnh mt cch tt nht, boi
v d l nhung dinh huong chung cho ban trong vic thuc thi hay giai quyt mt vn d.
19
TM TAT
- Xc dinh muc tiu trong cng vic l mt trong
nhung yu t quan l thoi gian hiu qua. Nu
ban chua xc dinh duoc muc tiu trong cng
vic th kh c th quan l tt thoi gian cua
ban.
- Thng thuong, muc tiu duoc chia lm ba loai:
Muc tiu chnh, muc tiu h tro v muc tin
nn c.
- Nhung dc dim cua muc tiu l phai r rng,
phn b duoc thoi gian, ph hop kha nng cua
ban, quan trong, ph hop muc tiu chung cua
tp th v c tnh thu thch nhung kh thi.
- C th ban s mt nhiu thoi gian v cng suc
cho nhung vic cp bch nhung khng quan
trong. Hy c gng kim sot vn d ny.
- Cc muc tiu thuong dat duoc trong tuong lai v tuong di lon, v vy ban cn chia muc
tiu thnh nhiu cng vic cu th, kha thi v xc dinh muc uu tin thuc hin cc cng vic
d. Phi hop thuc hin cng vic cng voi cc c nhn hoc t chuc.
- Truoc khi tin hnh thuc hin cng vic ban nn p dung nguyn tc 5W-2H d thuc
hin cng vic dat duoc hiu qua cao.

20
PHAN BA
CNG CJ QUAN L THI GIAN

1. D th| quan l thi gian
D thi quan l thoi gian l mt cng cu thng minh gip ban quyt dinh tnh khn cp v
tm quan trong cua mt cng vic cu th no d.
TNH KHN CP
Mt vic duoc coi l khn cp khi n di hoi su ch ngay lp tuc. Khi mt vic phai
hon thnh vo mt thoi dim nht dinh, khi thoi han cui cng dn gn n s tro nn khn cp
hon.
Gia su ban c ba cng vic sau:
1. Ln k hoach d ngoai cho lop sau khi tt nghip.
2. Tm tuong cho d ti thuc tp tt nghip
3. Hon thnh bi tp c nhn d np cho giang vin vo sng thu hai tun toi
Xt theo tnh khn cp th vic hon thnh bi tp khn cp hon v thoi han cui cng gn
k hon. Chuyn d ngoai s duoc t chuc sau khi cc thnh vin trong lop d han thnh d ti
tt nghip nn vic tm tuong cho d ti thuc tp th khn cp hon.
Ban c th biu din 2 cng vic ny trn mt truc thng dung nhu sau:
+ Khn cp
- Bi tp c nhn

- tuong cho d ti thuc tp tt nghip
- K hoach d ngoai cho lop thng toi
Khn cp
Khi thoi gian tri di, ca ba cng vic s c xu huong chuyn dn ln pha trn cua truc
thng dung, cng vic ngy cng khn cp hon.
TMQUAN TRONG
Mt vic duoc coi l quan trong khi n c mt ngha lon hoc s gy ra mt kt qua/hu
qua dng k. Muc d quan trong cua cng vic khng bi anh huong boi thoi gian tri di.
Tro lai v du nu trn, xt v tm quan trong cua cng vic th vic hon thnh bi tp c
nhn tuong di khng quan trong d khn cp hon, vic tm tuong cho d ti thuc tp tt
21
nghip l rt quan trong mc d chua khn cp, vic ln k hoach cho chuyn d ngoai l t quan
trong nht so voi hai vic cn lai vo thoi dim hin tai.
Chng ta c th su dung mt truc ngang d th hin hai diu ny nhu sau:

Quan trng + Quan trng
Ban c nhn xt g v thu tu 3 cng vic trong v du trn theo muc d khn cp v
quan trong? Don gian l thu tu cc cng vic theo muc d quan trong d thay di so voi thu tu
theo tnh khn cp. Thng thuong, thu tu s khc nhau khi sp xp theo muc d quan trong v
khn cp.
O THI QUAN L THOI GIAN
Kt hop hai truc quan trong v khn cp, chng ta s c d thi quan l thoi gian nhu sau:
+ Khn cp

- Quan trong + Quan trong

- Khn cp
Khi kt hop muc d quan trong v khn cp cua ba cng vic trn d thi quan l thoi gian
ta c th bit duoc rng:
Vic hon thnh bi tp c nhn th khn cp hon l vic tm tuong cho d ti
thuc tp tt nghip, v th n cn duoc hon tt som hon.
Vic tm tuong cho d ti thuc tp tt nghip quan trong hon vic ln k hoach
d ngoai cho lop, v vy cng vic ny cn duoc dnh su quan tm suy ngh, du
tu thoi gian nhiu hon.
Vic ln k hoach d ngoai cho lop vo thng toi xt v muc d quan trong v
khn cp so voi 2 vic truoc du thp hon nn c th giai quyt sau cng.
Su dng d thj quan l thi gian l mt cch hu ch d xem xt nhng di hoi duc
dt ra cho thi gian cua bn, n gip ban dua ra quyt dinh v trnh tu giai quyt cc cng vic
mt cch nhanh chng v dam bao dat duoc nhung muc tiu d d ra.
Nhn lai cng vic tuong cho d ti thuc tp tt nghip, ban d luong truoc duoc muc
d quan trong nhung do c qu nhiu vic cn phai giai quyt gp nn cng vic d vn chua
thuc hin duoc. Dn giua tun vn phng Khoa c thng bo danh sch cc sinh vin du tiu
22
chun lm lun vn tt nghip trong d c ban dng thoi cung c thng bo v vic cc giang
vin trong khoa s tu vn cho sinh vin v vic chon d ti tt nghip vo ngy thu ba tun toi, d
tham gia bui tu vn ny sinh vin cn phai chun bi so b mt s thng tin lin quan dn d ti
dinh chon. Dn dy th cng vic ny c su di chuyn trn d thi thoi gian.
+ Khn cp


- Khn cp
Khi thi gian tri di th mt cng vic khn cp s tro nn khn cp hon.
Mt cng vic s thay di mc d quan trng nu nhu cc anh huong hoc kt qua cua
n thay di.
BON PHN TU CUA O THI QUAN L THOI GIAN
D thi quan l thoi gian duoc tao nn boi 4 vung hay goi l cc phn tu. Bng vic
th hin cc cng vic vo cc phn tu tuong ung, chng ta s phn loai cng vic. Vic ny s
gip chng ta lm r nhung mi nguy him hay rui ro nht dinh nu mt cng vic no d khng
duoc thuc hin
Ban hy lin tuong d thi trn mt phng cua dng h, bn phn tu lc ny c th duoc
goi tn thnh: 0 3 gio, 3 6 gio, 6 9 gio, 9 12 gio.
+ Khn cp
9 -12 gi 0 3 gi
nhanh v dn gian uu tin hng du
6 -9 gi 3 6 gi
lng ph lp k hoch

- Khn cp
Vic phn loai cc cng vic vo cc tuong ung v him hoa c th xay ra duoc tm tt
trong bang duoi dy.
23

phn tu Loi cng vic Himha
0 -3 gio
uu tin hng du
Cng vic vua khn cp
vua quan trong
Cng vic c th khng duoc thuc hin tt
3 6 gio
lp k hoach
Cng vic khng khn cp
nhung quan trong
Cng vic c th s khng bao gio duoc
thuc hin
6 9 gio
lng ph
Cng vic khn cp nhung
tuong di km quan trong
Chng ta thuong bo thoi gian d lm nhung
vic ny.
9 12 gio
nhanh v don gian
Cng vic vua khng khn
cp cung chng quan trong
Qu nhiu thoi gian c th duoc bo ra cho
vic tuy khn cp nhung khng quan trong
By gio sau khi hiu r v d thi quan l thoi gian, ban hy thuc hnh bng cch ghi lai
nhung cng vic m ban d lm trong ngy hm qua, th hin chng vo d thi quan l thoi gian
v xc dinh thu tu cc cng vic theo d thi quan l thoi gian. Sau cng hy so snh su khc bit
voi thuc t ban d thuc hin. Hy ghi lai mt vi nhn xt cua ban.

2. L|ch cng vic
D c th kim sot v su dung thoi gian cua mnh mt cch hiu qua ban cn phai tr
tnh v lp k hoach truoc cho thoi gian cua mnh. Hai trong s nhung cng cu cn thit m mt
nguoi quan l thoi gian gioi thuong c d l : Cun nht k v L|ch cng vic
Cun nht k dnh cho vic lp k
hoach di han, d ghi lai nhung cuc
hen, su kin v nhung cam kt cho mt
thoi dim no d trong tuong lai (cc
thng trong nm v nm k tip) do d
ban nn c sn nht k cua nm hin tai
v nm k tip.

Mu nht k duoi dy duoc gioi thiu mang tnh cht goi d cc ban tham khao, ban c
th tu tao nht k ring ph hop voi tnh cht cng vic cua chnh ban, diu ny hon ton rt tt.

24
YEAR PLANNER - 2007
January February December
1. Mon ........................ 1.Thur .. 1. Sat.
2. Tues ........................ 2.Fri . 2. Sun ..........................
......................... .. ..
......................... .. ..
28. Sun ....................... 28.Wed ................... 28. Fri...........................
29. Mon ...................... 29. Sat..........................
30. Tues ...................... 30. Sun.
31. Wed .. 31. Mon ..
L|ch lm vic dnh cho vic lp k hoach ngn han (cho
mt tun hoc mt ngy). Vic ln lich lm vic s gip
ban theo di duoc su tin trin nhiu vic cng lc v
lp k hoach cho buoc tip theo trong chui cc cng
vic.
LM THE NO E LP UOC LICH LM VIEC?

Vic lp lich lm vic phai trai qua 3 buoc theo trnh tu nhu sau:

Lp danh sch ( Lit k danh sch nhng cng vic mun lm)
Ban hy ghi lai tt ca nhung vic ban mun lm trong mt khoang thoi gian cu th (mt
tun, mt ngy). Mt s cng vic c tnh cht lp di lp lai thuong xuyn do dc dim vic hoc
tp, cng vic cua ban nhu di hoc chnh kha, di hoc thm, v.vnhung khi lp lich lm vic ban
vn phai tnh dn nhung vic ny v th cch tt nht l ban hy ghi lun chng vo danh sch.
D lp duoc danh sch nhung cng vic mun lm ban cn su dung mt to giy ring v
su dung mt s tiu d theo mu goi duoi dy:
S th t Cng vic Nhn xt Thi gian uc tnh
.. .
.. .
.. .
Trong ct S th t ban hy din s thu tu lin tuc tu 1 cho dn cng vic cui cng m
ban lit k ra.
Lp danh sch cc cng vic mun lm
Quyt d|nh trnh t giai quyt cc cng vic mun lm
Phn b thi gian cho cc cng vic
25
Trong ct Cng vic ban s ghi lai tt ca nhung cng vic m ban mun lm trong tun
toi hoc ngy mai, k ca nhung cng vic thuong xuyn, c dinh lp lai.
Trong ct Nhn xt ban nn ghi thoi han phai hon thnh cng vic. Mt s cng vic c
th xc dinh sn thoi han phai hon thnh, mt s cng vic khc th c thoi han phai hon thnh
truoc khi mt su vic khc c th bt du.
Trong ct Thi gian uc tnh ban s ghi lai luong thoi gian (s pht) cn thit d thuc
hin cng vic.
Chng ta hy cng nhau xem xt v du duoi dy d c th hiu r hon v qu trnh lap
lich lm vic cua c nhn.
Lan Phuong l sinh vin nm 3 ngnh K ton doanh nghip, c duoc cc ban trong lop
tn nhim bu lm lop truong cua lop. C d lit k 1 danh sch cc cng vic m c mun lm
vo ngy mai (thu hai) nhu sau:

STT Cng vic Ghi Ch
Thi gian
uc tnh
1.
Doc 2 cun tap ch Th gioi phu nu d tra cho
Loan vo sng mt.
30
2.
Phc thao so b k hoach thnh lp cu lac b
Ting Anh cho lop.
60
3.

Hoc 3 tit mn Lut doanh nghip.

Tu 13.00 dn 15.30 150
4.
Tm ti liu trn Internet chun bi cho hop
nhm bo co mn Quan tri doanh nghip.
Phai xong truoc
10.00
90
5.
Goi din cho gio vin day Thi truong Chung
khon v dia dim hoc b sng thu tu.
15
6.
Hop nhm bo co mn Quan tri doanh
nghip.
Hen lc 10.00 90
7. Vit bo co thng. 30
8
o
Di thm Mai m phai nhp vin.

60
9.
Hoc ting Anh bui ti tai trung tm ngoai
ngu.
Tu 19.00 dn 20.30 90
10. Dnh cu lng voi Linh. D hen lc 17.00 60
26
Quyt djnh trnh t giai quyt cng vic trong danh sch.
Vic xc dinh trnh tu giai quyt cng vic trong danh muc phai trai qua 2 buoc nho:
Buoc thu nht: Xc dinh cc cng vic c thoi han phai hon thnh v sp xp
chng theo thoi gian
Loan d tch nhung cng vic d xc dinh thoi han hon thnh trong danh sch bao gm
cc cng vic s 3 4 6 9 10. Cn cu vo thoi han xc dinh cua cc cng vic v thoi gian
uoc tnh, Loan d sp xp thu tu giai quyt cc cng vic ny nhu sau:
STT Cng vic Ghi Ch Thi gian uc tnh
4.
Tm ti liu trn Internet chun bi cho
hop nhm bo co mn QTDN
Phai xong truoc
10.00
90
6.
Hop nhm bo co mn Quan tri
doanh nghip
Hen lc 10.00 90
3.

Hoc 3 tit mn Lut doanh nghip Tu 13.00 dn 15.30 150
10. Dnh cu lng voi Linh D hen lc 17.00 60
9.
Hoc ting Anh bui ti tai trung tm
ngoai ngu
Tu 19.00 dn 20.30 90
Buoc thu hai: Th hin nhung vic cn lai trong danh muc vo d thi quan l thoi
gian. Buoc ny s gip ban dua ra duoc quyt dinh duoc trnh tu giai quyt cc cng vic dua
trn muc d quan trong v tnh khn cp cua cng vic. Dy l mt buoc quan trong m ban
khng nn bo qua v nu khng ban s c khuynh huong giai quyt cc cng vic d dng, th vi
truoc ri moi dn cc cng vic kh khn v phuc tap.
Voi v du cua Loan, trong danh sch s cn lai cc cng vic s 1 2 5 7 8, cc
cng vic ny khng c thoi han xc dinh nn vic sp xp trnh tu giai quyt cc cng vic ny
Loan d su dung d thi quan l thoi gian nhu sau:
+ Khn cp

- Khn cp
Kt qua cua vic biu din cc cng vic ln d thi quan l thoi gian cho php Loan c duoc thu
tu giai quyt cc cng vic cn lai nhu sau : 5 7 2 8 1
Phn b thi gian (Quyt dinh khoang thoi gian s dnh cho mi cng vic)
27
Sau khi kt thc buoc 2, ban d c th sp xp lai danh sch cng vic cn lm ban du
theo mt trnh tu moi.
Ban c th su dung mu goi duoi dy d ln danh sch trnh tu giai quyt cng vic
S thu tu Cng vic Thoi gian uoc tnh Thoi gian du kin Kt qua
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
S thu tu duoc ghi nhn trong ct S th t l s thu tu ban du, s khng c g ngac
nhin nu s thu tu c th s khng bt du tu con s 1 v cung khng lin tuc.
Trong ct Cng vic ban nn ghi ni dung ngn gon v nhung diu cn luu d tnh thoi
gian thuc hin cng vic.
BAN S IEN CNG VIEC VO DANH SCH THEO TRNH TU NO?
Sau khi kt thc buoc 2, trong tay ban c 2 danh muc thu tu cng vic:
Danh muc thu tu cc cng vic d xc dinh chnh xc thoi han phai hon thnh:
Ban nn sp nhung cng vic trong danh muc ny vo danh sch truoc theo mc
thoi gian
Danh muc thu tu cc cng vic cn lai: Sp xp cng vic vo cc khoang thoi
gian cn trng trong danh sch theo thu tu.
Trong ct Thi gian d kin ban s din vo thoi gian du kin bt du v kt thc cng
vic dua trn luong thoi gian uoc tnh cn thit d hon thnh cng vic.
Quay tro lai v du v lich lm vic cua Loan, bng vic din cc cng vic theo thu tu d
c o buoc 2 cng voi thoi gian uoc tnh cn thit d hon thnh mi cng vic, Loan d phn b
thoi gian cho cc cng vic ngy mai nhu sau:

28

S
th t
Cng vic
Thi gian
uc tnh
Thi gian d
kin thc hin
Kt qua
5
Goi din cho gio vin day Thi
truong Chung khon v dia dim
hoc b sng thu tu.
15 7.00 7.15

7 Vit bo co thng
30 7.15 7.45

4
Tm ti liu trn Internet chun bi
cho hop nhm bo co mn Quan tri
doanh nghip
75 7.45 9.00

2
Phc thao so b k hoach thnh lp
cu lac b Ting Anh cho lop.
60 9.00 10.00

6
Hop nhm bo co mn Quan tri
doanh nghip
90 10.00 11.30

Nghi trua Chun bi di hoc 75 11.30 12.45
3 Hoc 3 tit mn Lut doanh nghip 150 13.00 15.30

8 Di thm Mai m phai nhp vin 60 15.30 16.30

10 Dnh cu lng voi Linh 60 17.00 18.00
V sinh c nhn n ti 45 18.00 18.45
9
Hoc ting Anh bui ti tai trung tm
ngoai ngu
90 19.00 20.30

1
Doc 2 cun tap ch Th gioi phu nu
d tra cho Loan vo sng mt.
30 21.00 21.30

Ln k hoach lm vic cho ngy mai 30 21.30 22.00
Ban hy dnh khoang 2 pht v ghi lai mt vi nhn xt cua ban sau khi doc xong lich
lm vic ngy mai cua Loan.

Trong thuc t khi xy dung v thuc hin lich lm vic ban cn luu mt s dim duoi
dy:
Hy nho rng cc ngy lm vic cua ban chc chn c nhung thoi dim sinh luc
cao hoc thp, chng han nhu bui chiu l thoi dim m nhiu nguoi giam sinh
luc. Nn xp lich cho nhung vic v hoat dng quan trong di hoi tnh sng tao v
29
nng luong vo bui sng thoi dim m ban tinh to v di do sinh luc nht.
Nhung vic linh tinh hng ngy nn xp vo nhung thoi dim sinh luc thp
Khi sp lich lm vic nn tao ra mt s khoang trng thoi gian d giai quyt khung
hoang v nhung diu ngoi mong doi
Hy c gng kt hop cc cng vic c th d tit kim thoi gian.
Khi lich hoc tp, lm vic cua ban c su thay di, hy ghi lai nhung g d thuc su
xay ra d c bin php diu chinh kip thoi cho ph hop voi su thay di m vn
dam bao duoc muc tiu d dt ra ban du.
Cui mi chu ky (tun, ngy) cn ghi lai kt qua vic thuc hin cng vic, hy
chuyn nhung cng vic.
Dn dy th ban d hon tan c th su dung cng cu d thi quan l thoi gian, s nht k
v lich lm vic d ln k hoach quan l thoi gian vng ngoc cua chnh ban thn mnh.
30
PHAN BN
LM THE NO DE SU DJNG THI GIAN HIJU QUA?
Ban thuong quan l thoi gian cua mnh nhu th no? Ban c
bao gio cam thy mnh khng du thoi gian d lm cng vic
trong ngy? Ban c khi no thy mnh d kit suc nhung vn
khng hon tt duoc moi vic
6
.
C nhung ngy ban chng c vic g d lm, cung c hm
ban phai chay dua ht tc luc voi thoi gian m vn cn hng
dng vic chua giai quyt ht. C th do cng vic cua ban chua
n dinh nhung nguyn nhn chnh l v ban chua bit cch sp
xp thoi gian
7
.
1. Lm vic c t chc
Sp dt bn lm vic gon gng, ngn np, khoa hoc voi h thng h so, ti liu ring, c lich
cng tc chnh cho ca khoang thoi gian di voi cc cng vic cu th hng ngy, v dung qun mt
ci... sot rc o bn canh. Sp xp bn lm vic, nhung tp tin trn my vi tnh, email d ban c th
tm thy d dng. Qu nhiu thoi gian d bi lng ph cho vic tm thng tin m ban bit rng dng
l ra ban c th thu xp tt hon. Benjamin Franklin d tung ni tt nht l: "Mt noi cho moi thu,
moi thu trong mt noi cua n". C th su dung mt s chuong trnh trong my tnh d quan l
cng vic, snh diu mt t th choi PDA gn theo nguoi (din thoai di dng th khng ghi du),
ghi lai cc nhim vu phai lm sp toi (cng cc thng tin quan trong) vo lich biu trong my
tnh. Dnh du nhung cng vic uu tin hoc vut bo nhung giy to khng cn dng. C th ghi
ch thm thng tin trn nhung to giy note (sticker) nho dn truoc mt nhung nho l cc mu
giy ny ngoi vic khin cho bn lm vic trng khng dep mt cn c th bi bay di mt.
2. Lp k hoch truc
D dn du gio sng moi ln k hoach trong ngy l qu mun. Hy sp xp vic tht cu th
tu chiu hm truoc. Hy tch ring cc cng vic v xc dinh r vic no nn lm ngay hm sau,
vic no nn lm truoc trong tun ny, vic no c th d lai. Duong nhin, danh sch cc cng
vic c th thay di hng ngy v pht sinh thm vic moi.
3. Bit r khi no lm vic hiu qua nht
Nu thy mnh lm vic vo bui sng l hiu qua nht, tai sao lai khng dua nhung cng
vic quan trong vo bui sng? Nhung thoi gian khng phai l dinh th dnh d lm nhung
cng vic mang tnh cht thuong nht, km hp dn hon. Cung c nguoi thy ho chi vit lch
hiu qua trong khng gian yn tnh vo lc... nua dm. Cung khng phai thi quen xu nhung s
bt loi v nu mun hoi han, din thoai th chi c cch cho dn sng hm sau.

6
14.06.2006, Quan l thoi gian hiu qua (truc tuyn). Theo Career. Doc tu:
http://www.dddn.com.vn/Desktop.aspx/TinTuc/Viec-Lam/Quan_ly_thoi_gian_hieu_qua/ (doc ngy 05.12.2006)
7
Phuong Hoa. ngy 16.09.2006. Quan l thoi gian d lm vic tt hon (truc tuyn). Theo BBC. Doc tu:
http://www19.dantri.com.vn/vieclam/2006/9/141399.vip (doc ngy 05.12.2006)
31
4. Tp tnh ky lut di vi ban thn
Thay v thuong xuyn ko l ca dng vic, cn xc dinh han cht d hon thnh tung cng
vic. Mt meo nho l nu cn hon tt mt vic vo 17h chiu thu Nm th hy bt mnh kt thc
vo lc 12h trua. Nn giai quyt cc vic kh truoc, sau d tha h... dao choi.
5. Ghi li nhng thc mc trong khi thc hin v dnh thi gian trao di
Nn c mt cun s nho trong ti. Khi ngh ra diu g th ghi lai ngay. Pht trin mt chin
luoc r rng voi nhung cu hoi quan trong: Tin tuc o dy l g? Bi canh ra sao? nh huong th
no v kha canh con nguoi cua cu chuyn l g?
Hy trao di v cch thuc lm vic cua mnh voi mt nguoi c kinh nghim. Ho c th gip
ban di dng huong, d mt thoi gian tm hiu.
6. Su dng nguyn tc SMART
8
- Cuc sng ngy nay voi su di hoi ngy cng cao trong cng vic bt buc chng ta phai
c k nng lm vic tt d c th thch nghi duoc voi n, dat duoc kt qua cao trong cng
vic cung nhu cn bng duoc cuc sng c nhn v gia dnh. Tuy nhin, voi qu thoi gian
bt bin th khng phai lc no chng ta cung c th giai quyt hi ho duoc vic ny. Mi
ngy c 24 ting, mt tun c 7 ngy, 1 thng c 30 ngy v mt nm qua di chi sau 365
ngy. Vy th tai sao trong mt chung muc thoi gian nht dinh, c nguoi chng lm nn tr
trng g trong khi mt s nguoi lm duoc v khi vic lon lao to tt? Phai chng ho c mt
kha nng siu phm v qu thoi gian nhiu hon so voi nhung nguoi bnh thuong khc?
Qu thoi gian cua moi nguoi l nhu nhau, v th, cu tra loi khng nm o ch chng ta c
bao nhiu thoi gian d lm cc cng vic d nhu th no cho hiu qua. Da s cc chuyn
gia v quan l nhn su cho rng d su dung thoi gian cua mnh mt cch tt nht, truoc ht,
mi c nhn phai nhn dinh nng luc lm vic cua ban thn dua trn phn tch nhung dim
manh, dim yu di voi cng vic mnh dang dam nhim, tu d m bit mnh mong mun
diu g trong su nghip o thoi dim hin tai cung nhu trong tuong lai. Dy chnh l cng
vic dt cho ban thn mnh mt muc tiu d huong toi. Lm th no d xc dinh duoc muc
tiu chnh xc? Trong kinh doanh hin dai cung nhu trong cuc sng hng ngy, nguoi ta
thuong d cp dn nguyn tc SMART, tuc l muc tiu duoc xy dung dua trn nhung tiu
ch sau:
S-Specific: Cu th, r rng v d hiu;
M-Measurable: Do dm duoc;
A-Achievable: C th dat duoc bng chnh kha nng cua mnh;
R-Realistic: Thuc t, khng vin vng;
Time bound: Thoi han d dat duoc muc tiu d vach ra.
Trong d, tiu ch do dm duoc gn voi nhung con s cu th. V du, muc tiu cua ti l
tro thnh nguoi giu, vy giu th no? Ngha l cn phai c con s cu th d do dm duoc.
V du mt ti hay muoi ti... Hon th nua, chu M cn mang tnh dng vin (Motivation),
diu ny s lun thi thc, tao ra nim mong mun chy bong d tp trung moi hoat dng
nhm huong toi muc tiu n luc phn du d dat duoc.

8
07.07.2005. Nguyn tc SMART trong ngh thut quan l thoi gian hiu qua (truc tuyn). Doc tu:
http://www.chungta.com/Desktop.aspx/PT-KyNang-
SuNghiep/Lam/Nguyen_tac_SMART_trong_quan_ly_thoi_gian/ (doc ngy 15.12.2006)
32
Cung di khi nguoi ta nhm ln giua chu A v chu R. Tuy nhin, diu c th thuc
hin duoc khng dng nht voi thuc t. Mt nguoi duoc moi v lm gim Dc ti chnh
ngn hng thuong mai c phn, bng cp chuyn mn v kinh nghim diu hnh du siu
hang (A) m khng c Chn trong hi dng quan tri (R) th khng th c co hi tro thnh
Tng Gim dc cua ngn hng d duoc. Tu v du ny c th hiu, nu c dy du diu kin
thuc tiu ch A m thiu di tiu ch R th khng th dat duoc muc tiu. Diu ny cn dng
hon trong doi sng chnh tri.
Buoc tip theo sau khi xc dinh duoc Muc tiu SMART l hy vit muc tiu d ra giy, dt
trn bn lm vic hay bt cu ch no m ban c th nhn thy hng ngy. Cch ny gip
ban lun ngh dn n v thc dy ban hnh dng huong toi muc tiu d ra.
Sau d, hy lp k hoach chi tit d thuc hin. Nhu vy, khi ban ra truong v di lm vic,
ban s tnh duoc mi tun, mi thng, mi nm ban s phai kim duoc bao nhiu v ri ln
k hoach cu th d dat muc tiu d, mi nm phai tit kim my chuc triu, khi no mua
dt,ct nh. Trong khi lp k hoach, cn thit phai chia nho muc tiu ra d bit con duong
ban di bao xa, ban d di duoc chung no (dat duoc bao nhiu % k hoach) v tip tuc bao
lu nua d v dch. Diu ny cung ging nhu tm quan trong cua nhung ct cy s khi di
trn duong vy. Khi d ban s bit hm nay, ngy mai ri thng ny v nm ny phai lm
g. Tt nht, nn vit so d phn tch cng vic hng ngy d bit vic g cn lm truoc,
vic g lm sau, vic g l quan trong (important) v vic g gp, cn lm ngay (urgent).
Tm l chung cua chng ta l vic g d v thch th lm truoc, vic kh v khng thch th
d lai lm sau. Tht t hai l vic kh cng d lu, cng kh thuc hin v di khi vic gp
lai khng h quan trong. Hy lin tuong toi cu chuyn v chic bnh v nhung vin soi,
nu ngay tu du ban cho vo chic bnh dy ct th s khng c cch no d xp nhung
vin d hoc soi vo d nua nhung khi ban xp ln luot d-soi-ct, ban cn chua duoc ca
nuoc cng trong mt chic bnh. Vn d quan trong khng phai chic bnh chua duoc bao
nhiu thu m quan trong l ban phai bit phn bit duoc cng vic no l kh d hc v
du l nhung vin soi hay ct trong cuc doi, bit cch quan l thoi gian hiu qua d cn
bng cuc sng.
- Trong kinh doanh: Cch quan l thoi gian hiu qua thuong duoc nhn nhn tu 2 kha canh,
nguoi quan l v nhn vin. Tai sao nguoi chu doanh nghip lun cam thy thiu thoi gian
v qu tai v cng vic? Thuong th muc d qu tai cng vic cua nguoi quan l tuy thuc
vo qu trnh hnh thnh, quy m doanh nghip, ngnh ngh kinh doanh. Tuy nhin, tm l
chung cua nguoi lnh dao l lun khng ht vic. Nhung nguoi tham cng tic vic, lm
vic dn 18 ting mt ngy ho vn cam thy chua du, di khi ho ao uoc phai chi 1 ngy c
25 ting, 1 tun c 8 ngy v 1 nm c 366 ngy... v ho lun pham phai mt ti l ly
cp thoi gian cua gia dnh.
Vy c phuong php no d cn bng thoi gian cho cng vic, nghi ngoi giai tr v cho gia
dnh? Voi mt doanh nghip moi ra doi th hon ton c th chp nhn duoc voi su qu tai
v cng vic v lun phai lm thm rt nhiu ting trong mt ngy di voi nguoi lnh dao.
Nhung tnh trang d khng th ko di mi, mu cht du tin l nguoi chu doanh nghip
phai bit cch xy dung h thng, qui trnh lm vic, tip theo l xy dung ngay di ngu k
cn. Tip dn l phn quyn cho nhn vin th di hoi phai tht r rng cu th, phai dt
nim tin vo nguoi duoc giao vic v hy li lai pha sau d nhn vin c su chu dng
trong giai quyt cng vic. Nu cc cp quan l bn duoi giai quyt cc su vu tt th nguoi
lnh dao s yn tm lm nhung vic kh dng vai tr cua mnh. V th, diu quyt dinh
hiu qua quan l thoi gian cua nguoi lnh dao chnh l hiu qua lm vic cua di ngu nhn
vin.
33
kha canh nhn vin, d thoi gian lm vic dat hiu qua cao nht, nhn vin phai xc
dinh duoc muc tiu cua mnh, bit lng ghp muc tiu c nhn voi muc tiu cua doanh
nghip d ln k hoach cng vic cua ban thn. Nguoi quan l nn huong dn nhn vin
xy dung mt muc tiu Smart, sau d cng thng nht nhau v muc tiu d. Khi d c
duoc su dng thun giua nhn vin v cp quan l th vic cn lai chi l ln k hoach cu
th d dat muc tiu d ra. Vic phn bit ci quan trong v ci cn lm ngay di voi nhn
vin khng quan trong nhu voi nguoi quan l v cng vic cua nhn vin thuong theo
chuyn mn cu th v t nhung vn d pht sinh. Thay vo d, tnh k lut v thoi gian voi
ban thn l thu cuc ky quan trong. V vy, khi d thng nht v muc tiu giua cp quan l
v nhn vin d s c dng luc lm vic v ho s tn dung ti da thoi gian lm vic d dat
muc tiu.
Lm vic c t chuc
7. Vic hm nay khng d ngy mai
Ban nn c gng lm xong phn vic d c trong k hoach cua tung ngy. Diu d s dem lai
cho ban cam gic thoai mi, dy hung khoi d buoc sang mt ngy moi. Nu trong ngy moi vic
khng duoc giai quyt xong, s gy n tc. Nhung vic d, nu lm v sau s kh hon hoc
khng th thuc hin duoc. Nhung nguoi thnh dat lun tun thu nguyn tc ny mt cch trit d.
8. Kimsot duc nhng s lng ph cua bn: trnh nhng k dnh cp thi gian
9
D quan l tt thoi gian, truoc ht ban cn phai xc dinh duoc nhung thoi gian thuong bi lng
ph. Qua d xc dinh duoc cc yu t no cn phai duoc cai thin. Duoi dy chng ti xin nu ra
mt s nguyn nhn thuong gp lm giam hiu qua cng vic v xin tam goi nhung nguyn nhn
d l lnhung k dnh cp thoi gian:
8.1. Thay di thu tu uu tin cng vic do phai giai quyt rui ro
Rui ro l diu khng ai mun, nhung nu n xay ra, ban lun phai uu tin giai quyt truoc
bng bt cu gi no.
8.2. Din thoai
Ban d tung bao gio din du v mt ngy c qu nhiu cuc goi m khng lin quan dn
cng vic? Chc l c! Cng cu huu hiu nht trong giao tip cua chng ta l din thoai cung s
c th l k th nguy him nu ban khng bit lm th no d kim sot.
8.3. Thiu muc tiu v thu tu uu tin
Dy c th l nguyn do lon nht v quan trong nht gy ra su lng ph thoi gian. Mt nh
qun l gioi lun bit chnh xc vic ho cn lm v thu tu uu tin cua tung vic.
Ban hy sp xp thoi gian mi ngy d giai quyt cc cng vic uu tin v cung cn linh
hoat dnh du thoi gian cho nhung vic bt ngo xay ra. Hy hoc cch ni khng voi nhung vic
khng phai l uu tin.

9
Nguyn Bnh. 21.10.2005. Nhung k dnh cp thoi gian (truc tuyn). Theo Nh quan l . Doc tu:
http://www.chungta.com/Desktop.aspx/KinhDoanh-QTDN/Quan-Ly/Nhung_ke_danh_cap_thoi_gian/ (doc
ngy 12.12.2006)
34
Nhng vin gch c nh
10

Nhung nhim vu t uu tin v cc vn d moi c th duoc thuc hin vo giua cc khi thoi
gian khc trong ca ngy. D c th l gip d cc nhn vin, tra loi nhanh cc cu hoi, v nhung
cng vic khc khng thch hop voi cc khi thoi gian quan trong nhung vn cn thit phai thuc
hin.
Vic cu trc thoi gian mi ngy lm vic cua ban nn bt du voi su phn b khoang
trng cho mt vin gach thoi gian lon, sau d l cc vin gach c trung bnh cho mt vi nhm
hoat dng khc nhau. Cc vin gach thoi gian c nho sau d s lp dy khoang trng cn lai. Nu
ban lm moi thu nguoc lai v thuc thi ht tt ca cc nhim vu nho truoc khi sp xp thoi gian cho
nhung cng vic quan trong nht cua ban, ban c th kt thc mt ngy lm vic m chua th giai
quyt duoc cc nhim vu uu tin hng du.
Sau cng, nu ban mun sp xp thoi gian mt cch hiu qua, loi khuyn dt ra l ban
nn: Suy ngh truoc khi bt tay vo mt vic g d. Ban c bit rng mt nghin cuu cua cc
nh khoa hoc chu u cho thy moi nguoi thuong rt vi vng truoc bua n trua. Do d, d trnh
nhung nhm ln, sai st, ban khng nn thuc hin nhung cng vic quan trong vo truoc bua n
trua.
8.4. C gng qu nhiu?
Ngy nay, c nhiu ban hng ngy phai hon thnh cng vic cua ngy hm qua v
cng vic cua ngy hm nay th cn dang cht dng ln v cc ban lun o trong trang thi cng
thng.
8.5. Khch dn thm qu nhiu
C nhiu khch dn gp l diu rt bnh thuong, tuy nhin nu chi l nhung nguoi ban,
dng nghip dn d trao di dm ba cu chuyn chng lin quan g dn cng vic th qua l rc
ri.
8.6. Phn quyn khng hiu qua
Phn quyn tt l mt yu t then cht cho ca nhung nh quan l v lnh dao. Mt nh
quan l tuyt voi phai c kha nng giao vic, phn quyn cho nhn vin v phai dam bao moi
vic duoc thuc hin dng yu cu. Dy l cch tt nht d xy dung mt nhm lm vic hiu qua
v giam suc p cng vic cua chnh ban thn nh quan l. Nguyn tc ph bin di voi vn d
ny l nu nhn vin c th lm mt vic bng 80% so voi ban th hy giao vic d cho nhn
vin.
Tuong tu nhu th, khi lm cc bi tp nhm cc ban khng phn cng nhim vu dng kha
nng cua mi nguoi, thm ch so ban mnh khng hon thnh nhim vu nn ban lm tt ca moi
vic. Diu ny lm ban cam thy mt moi, nhiu vic lm khng th kip v dn dn diu t hai
hon l lm cho c, chu khng quan tm dn cht luong cua cng vic.
8.7. Bn lm vic ln xn
Khi ban doc xong bi vit ny, ban hy nhn lai bn lm vic cua mnh nh. Nu ban thy
bn mnh n ln xn, nhiu khi ban phai mt rt nhiu cng suc moi tm duoc tp ti liu m sp
10
Trn Phuong Minh (Dich tu Entrepreneur). 08.10.2006. Nhung vin gach thoi gian (truc tuyn). Theo Bwportal.
Doc tu: http://www.chungta.com/Desktop.aspx/KinhDoanh-QTDN/Quan-Ly/Nhung_vien_gach_thoi_gian/ (doc
ngy 16.12.2006)
35
dang cn gp th qua thuc ban dang bi stress dy. V vy, ban phai lun tm nim, nguoi lm vic
hiu qua nht thuong c bn lm vic rt ngn np.
8.8. Su chn chu - gin doan
K trm" thoi gian lon nht khng phai l ra quyt dinh m chnh l n trnh quyt dinh.
Bng vic giam bot su chn chu, ban s c nhiu thoi gian d lm cc vic khc c hiu qua hon.
Trnh su gin doan: Ban c th dng cua phng lm vic lai thuong xuyn nu chi c mt
mnh. Nu mt dng nghip dn bn lm vic cua ban d tn gu m ban khng c thoi gian th
ban hy lich su giai thch rng ban qu bn v d nghi s gp sau.
8.9. Khng c kha nng ni khng
Nguyn tc chung l nu mt nguoi c th trt cng vic hoc vn d cua ho ln vai mt
nguoi khc th ho s lm. Mt trong nhung diu phin toi nht cua mt nguoi l thiu k nng
ni khng" do so lm nguoi khc mt lng.
8.10. Gp g - su lng ph thoi gian
Nhung nghin cuu cho thy trung bnh cc nh quan l
phai chi toi 17 gio mt tun cho cc cuc g v 6 gio d ln
lich lm vic v nhiu thoi gian ko theo m rt kh kim sot.
Nhiu nh quan l c kinh nghim d thua nhn rng, c toi 1/3
thoi gian duoc su dung mt cch lng ph cho cc cuc gp v
vi v khng c trong k hoach. Ban lun tng cuong" quan l
chnh mnh l cch tt nht d han ch ti da su lng ph thoi
gian.
Su dung thoi gian mt cch rng ri: Trnh vic su dung thoi gian cho nhung chuyn
khng cn thit hoc trong lc ban dang tp trung thuc hin cng vic d ra. V du nhu, nu ban
dang lm vic, ban chi nn mo email khi no ban c du thoi gian d doc n v tra loi n, hoc
xa n
9. C th lc tt
Mun lm vic c hiu qua, truoc tin ban phai c mt th luc tt. Ban cn tp th duc, n
ngu diu d, trnh lm vic qu suc. C suc khoe tt ban moi c th lm vic duoc lu di v bn
bi. Khng chi cng vic ph thng su dung co bp, m cng vic di hoi nhiu cht xm cung
cn ban c mt th luc tt. Diu ny cng cn khi nhip sng cng nghip hin nay di hoi nguoi
lao dng phai lm vic voi mt cuong d cao.

36
TM TAT
tuong v quan l thoi gian d c tu cch nay hon
100 nm. Tuy nhin thut ngu quan l thoi gian d
tao cho ta hiu sai v vic m mt nguoi c th lm
duoc. Thoi gian l khng th quan l duoc, chng ta
chi c th quan l ban thn v thoi gian ta su dung.
Nhu vy quan l thoi gian v thuc cht l quan l ban
thn chng ta.
11

Nhu vy, loi giai cho bi ton thoi gian nm trong
tay ban, tt ca chi cn l vic ban suy ngh v thuc hin
cc nhim vu dt ra nhu th no m thi. Ban cn phn
tch nhung g ban lm vo ngy mai, tun toi, thng toi, dng thoi ban cung nn ct bot nhung chi
tit vun vt d pht huy ti da kha nng cua ban. V ban nn nho rng, su quyt tm v kin tr l
ht suc cn thit. Khng c quyt tm no l ngo ngn m chi c nhung nguoi khng quyt tm
moi l nhung nguoi ngo ngn.
V mi ngy, mi nguoi du c thoi gian bng nhau, 24 gio. Nn vic su dung thoi gian hop
l s gp phn gip ban dat duoc cc muc tiu d d ra, giam p luc thoi gian trong giai quyt
cng vic, trong mt chung muc no d diu ny cn gip ban tit kim duoc chi ph v thnh
cng trong cng tc cung nhu trong cuc sng.

11
Nguyn Bnh. 21.10.2005. Nhung k dnh cp thoi gian (truc tuyn). Theo Nh quan l. Doc tu:
http://www.chungta.com/Desktop.aspx/KinhDoanh-QTDN/Quan-Ly/Nhung_ke_danh_cap_thoi_gian/ (doc ngy
19.12.2006)
Hy l nguoi lm chu thoi gian
TI LIJU THAM KHAO
Bch Nga, Tn Phuoc v Pham Thi Su (Bin dich). Cm nang kinh doanh Harvard (Harvard
Business Essentials): Quan l thoi gian (Time management). 2006. TP. H Ch Minh: NXB
Tng Hop
Brian, Poser. 2003. Time management for students. Toronto (Ontario, Canada): Counselling and
Development Centre
L Tuyn (Bin dich). Quan l thoi gian. 2004. TP. H Ch Minh: NXB Tr
Mt s Website:
www.chungta.com, www.dddn.com.vn, www19.dantri.com.vn/vieclam

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