You are on page 1of 23

AMINO AXIT

I. MC TIU BAI HOC:


1. Kin thc:
- Bit vit phng trnh ca amino axit vi axit v baz
2. K nng:
- Vn dng kin thc gii mt s bi tp xc nh CTCT ca amino axit.
3.T duy:
- Rn luyn kh nng quan st, d on, suy lun logic, so snh
- Pht trin tr tng tng khng gian
II. CHUN B:
- H thng cc bi tp nhm cng c kin thc.
- n tp cc kin thc c lin quan.
III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm.
IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:
GII TON AMINOAXIT
- Cng thc chung ca amino axit: (H2N)a R (COOH)b
- Da vo phn ng trung ho vi dung dch kim xc nh b
PTPU: (H2N)a R (COOH)b +bNaOH (H2N)a R (COONa)b + bH2O

nNaOH
= b = s nhm chc axit COOH
na min
- Da vo phn ng vi dd axit xc nh a
PTPT: (H2N)a R (COOH)b + aHCl (ClH3N)a R (COOH)b

nHCl
= a = s nhm chc bazo NH2
na min
CC V D:
Bi1: X l mt -Aminoaxit,phn t ch cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH .Cho 0,89g X phn ng va
vi HCl thu c 1,255g mui.Cng thc ca X l:
A. CH2=C(NH2)-COOH
B. H2N-CH=CH-COOH
C. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
D. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH
Gii: X c dng : H2N R COOH
mHCl = mmuoi mX = 0,356g nHCl = 0,01 mol
MX = 89 MR = 28
CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
Chn C
Bi 2: Trong phn t aminoaxit X c 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15g X tc dng va vi dung
dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4g mui khan. Cng thc ca X l:
A. H2N-C3H6-COOH
B.H2N-CH2-COOH
C.H2N-C2H4-COOH
D.H2N-C4H8-COOH
H2N R-COOH H2N R-COONa
Gii: mtng = 22a = 19,4 -15 a = 0,2 mol
MX = MR + 61 = 75 MR = 14
X: H2N CH2COOH - CH2 - Chn B
Bi 3:Cho 0,01mol aminoaxit X phan ng va u vi 100ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu
c 1,695g muoi.Mat khac 19,95g X tac dung vi 350ml dung dch NaOH 1M,co
can dung dch thu c 28,55g chat ran.Cong thc cau tao cua X la:
A. HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-NH2
B. NH2[CH2]3-COOH
C. HOOC-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
D. HOOC-[CH2]2CH(NH2)-COOH
Gii: nX = 0,01 = nHCl X c 1 nhm NH2
m = 36,5.0,01 = 0,365 = mHCl mX = 1,33 M = 133
Trng hp 2: nNaOH = 0,35 ; nX = 0,15 NaOH d
Nu c 1 nhm COOH th m = 22.0,15 = 3,3 mm = 23,25 nNaOH = 0,13 loi
X c 2 nhm COOH M = 133 = R + 16 + 2.45 = 27
HOOC-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Chn C.
Bi tp tng t:
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm 1 mol aminoaxit no, mch h v 1 mol amin no, mch h. X c kh nng phn

ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc va vi 2 mol NaOH. t chy hon ton X thu c 6 mol CO2, x mol
H2O v y mol N2. Cc gi tr x, y tng ng l
A. 8 v 1,0.
B. 8 v 1,5.
C. 7 v 1,0.
D. 7 v 1,5.
Cu 2: a) Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH
(d), thu c dung dch Y cha (m + 30,8) gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi
dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch Z cha (m + 36,5) gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 112,2
B. 165,6
C. 123,8
D. 171,0
Cu 3: Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc dng
va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X
l:
B. H2NC3 H6COOH. C. H2NC2H4COOH. D. H2NCH2COOH.
A. H2NC4H8COOH.
Cu 4: Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch
X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s mol NaOH phn ng l :
A. 0,50.
B. 0,65.
C. 0,70.
D. 0,55.
Cu 5: A l mt -amino axit mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. Cho 0,1 mol A vo dung dch cha 0,25
mol HCl (d), c dung dch B. phn ng ht vi dd B, cn va 300 ml dd NaOH 1,5 M un
nng. Nu c cn dung dch sau cng, th c 33,725 g cht rn khan. A l:
A. Glixin
B. Alanin
C. axit glutamic
D. axit -amino
butiric
Cu 6: -amino axit X cha mt nhm NH2. Cho 10,3 g X tc dng vi axit HCl (d), thu c 13,95 g
mui khan. CTCT thu gn ca X l
A. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH.
B. H2NCH2CH2COOH.
C. CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
D. H2NCH2COOH.
Cu 7: Hp cht Y l 1 - amino axit. Cho 0,02 mol Y tc dng va vi 80 ml dd HCl 0,25M. Sau
c cn c 3,67 gam mui. Mt khc trung ho 1,47 gam Y bng 1 lng va dd NaOH, c cn dd thu
c 1,91 gam mui. Bit Y c cu to mch khng nhnh. CTCT ca Y l:
A. H2N CH2 CH2 COOH
B. CH3 CH(NH2) COOH
C. HOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COOH
D. HOOC CH2 CH(NH2) COOH
GII TON MUI AMONI, ESTE CA AMINO AXIT
- Cng thc chung ca mui amoni: H2N R COONH4 hoc H2N R COOH3NR
- Cng thc chung este ca amino axit: H2N R COOR
- Mui amoni, este ca amino axit l hp cht lng tnh:
H2N R COONH3R + HCl ClH3N R COONH3R
H2N R COONH3R + NaOH H2N R COONa + RNH2 + H2O
* CH : Thng s dng nh lut bo ton khi lng gii cc bi ton dng ny.
CC V D:
Cu 1: Cho 8,9g mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH
1,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c 11,17 g cht rn . CTCT ca X l:
A. HCOOH3NCH=CH2 B. H2NCH2CH2COOH
C. CH2=CH-COONH4 D. H2NCH2COOCH3
Gii: nNaOH = 0,15 v MX = 89 nX = 0,1 d NaOH 0,05 mol = 2g.
Dung dch thu c c khi lng : 11,17 2 = 9,17g ; MX < mm Este ca CH3OH Chn D.
Cu 2: A c cng thc phn t l C2H7O2N. Cho 7,7 gam A tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M thu c dung dch X v kh Y, t khi ca Y so vi H2 ln hn 10. C cn dung
dch X thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,2 gam.
B. 14,6 gam.
C. 18,45 gam.
D.
10,8 gam.
Gii: MA > 20 => A ch c th l CH3NH2 V RCOONH3-R c CT C2H7O2N
=> PT : HCOONH3CH2 + NaOH => HCOONa + CH2NH3 + H2O
=> n mui = mHCOONa + mNaOH d = 10,8 g => D
Cu 3: Hn hp A cha 2 cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C 3H9O2N thy phn
hon ton hn hp A bng lng va dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp X gm 2 mui v
hn hp Y gm 2 amin. Bit phn t khi trung bnh X bng 73,6 vc, phn t khi
trung bnh Y c gi tr
A. 38,4.
B. 36,4.
C. 42,4.
D. 39,4.

Gii: CH3-CH2COONH3-CH3 + NaOH => CH3COONa + CH3NH2 + H2O


HCOONH3-CH2-CH3 + NaOH => HCOONa + CH3CH2NH2 + H2O Do to ra 2 amin nn CT l vy)
M mui = (82x + 68y) / (x+y) = 73,6 => 3x = 2y => Chn x = 2 mol => y = 3 mol
x l nCH3COONa ; y l nHCOONa
=> nCH3NH2 = x = 2 mol ; nCH3CH2NH2 = y = 3 mol
=> M Y = (2.31 + 3.45)/(2 + 3) = 39,4 => D
Cu 4: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2, 0,56 lt kh
N2 (cckh o ktc) v 3,15 gam H2O. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn
phm c mui H2N-CH2-COONa. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. H2NCH2COOC3H7.
B. H2NCH2COOCH3.
C. H2NCH2CH2COOH.
D. H2NCH2COOC2H5.
Gii: x : y = nCO2 / 2nH2O = 3/7 => C3H7O2N => B da vo to ra mui H2NCH2COONa
Cu 5: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t
C3H9O2N tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z.
C cn Z thu c 1,64 gam mui khan. Tn gi ca X l
A. Etylamoni fomat.
B. imetylamoni fomat.
C. Amoni propionat.
D. Metylamoni axetat.
Gii: n mui RCOONa = n X = 0,02 mol => M mui = MR + 67 = 82 => MR = 15
hay CH3 => X : CH3COONH3CH3 => D ui at th hin dng este : RCOOR
amoni th hin gc RCOONH3-R
Bi tp tng t
Cu 1 (C-2010): ng vi CTPT C2H7O2N c bao nhiu cht va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH va
phn ng c vi HCl?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 1
D. 4
Cu 2 (C-2009): Cht X c CTPT C3H7O2N v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Tn gi ca X l
A. Axit -aminopropionic B. Mety aminoaxetat
C. Axit -aminopropionic D. Amoni acrylat
Cu 3: Cho 2 hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C 3H7NO2. Khi phn ng vi NaOH, X to ra
H2NCH2COONa v hp cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH2=CH COONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T ln lt l
A. CH3OH v CH3NH2
B. C2H5OH v N2
C. CH3OH v NH3
D. CH3NH2 v NH3
Cu 4 (C-2009): Cht X c CTPT C4H9O2N. Bit:
X + NaOH Y + CH4O
Y + HCl (d) Z + NaOH
CTCT ca X v Z ln lt l:
A. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH
B. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH
C. H2NCH2COOC2H5 v ClH3NCH2COOH
D. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH2)COOH
Cu 5 (HKA- 2009): Hp cht X mch h c CTPT C4H9NO2. Cho 10,3 g X phn ng va vi dung dch
NaOH sinh ra mt kh Y v dung dch Z. Kh Y nng hn khng kh, lm giy qu tm m chuyn mu xanh.
Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom. C cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca
m l:
A. 8,2
B. 10,8
C. 9,4
D. 9,6
Cu 6 (HKB-2009): Este X (c KLPT=103 vC) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (c t khi hi so vi
oxi >1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 g X phn ng ht vi 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y.
C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,75
B. 27,75
C. 26,25
D. 24,25
Cu 7 (C-2009): Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c CTPT C 3H9O2N tc dng va vi
dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C cn Z thu c 1,64 gam mui khan. CTCT thu
gn ca X l
A. CH3CH2COONH4
B. CH3COONH3CH3
c. HCOONH2(CH3)2
D. HCOONH3CH2CH3
Cu 8 (HKA-2007): Cho hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c c cng CTPT C 2H7NO2 tc dng va vi dung
dch NaOH v un nng, thu c dung dch Y v 4,48l hn hp Z (kc) gm 2 kh (u lm xanh giy qu m).
t khi hi ca Z i vi H2 = 13,75. c cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l
A. 16,5 gam
B. 14,3 gam
C. 8,9 gam
D. 15,7 gam
Cu 9 (CKA,B-2007): Hp cht X c CTPT trng vi cng thc n gin nht, va tc dng c vi axit
va tc dng c vi kim trong iu kin thch hp. Trong phn t X, thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca
cc nguyn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449%; 7,865% v 15,73% cn li l oxi. Khi cho 4,45 gam X phn ng
hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH (un nng) thu c 4,85 gam mui khan. CTCT thu gn ca
X l:
A. CH2=CHCOONH4
B. H2N-COOCH2-CH3
C. H2N-CH2-COOCH3
D. H2NC2H4COOH

Cu 10 (HKB-2008): Cho cht hu c X c CTPT C2H8O3N2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c cht
hu c n chc Y v cc cht v c. Khi lng phn t (theo vC) ca Y l:
A. 85
B. 68
C. 45
D. 46
PEPTIT- PROTEIN
(Vit CTCT ca peptit, ipeptit, tri peptit
Vit phng trnh thy phn peptit, tnh mt xch ca peptit v protein)
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Nm li kin thc peptit - protein
2. K nng:
- Rn k nng gii bi tp v peptit protein
3.T duy:
- Rn luyn kh nng quan st, d on, suy lun logic, so snh
- Pht trin tr tng tng khng gian
II. CHUN B:
- H thng cc bi tp nhm cng c kin thc.
- n tp cc kin thc c lin quan.
III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm.
IV. TIN TRNH BY DY:
BI TP L THUYT PROTEIN PEPTIT
- Peptit c cu to t cc gc -aminoaxit
- T n phn t -aminoaxit khc nhau th c n! ng phn peptit (s peptit cha cc gc -aminoaxit khc
nhau)
- T n phn t -aminoaxit khc nhau th c n2 s peptit c to thnh
- Phn ng thy phn khng hon ton peptit cho sn phm c th l -aminoaxit, hoc ipeptit, hoc
tripeptit ...
- Phn ng thy phn hon ton peptit cho sn phm l cc gc -aminoaxit.
Bi 1.Thc hin phn ng trng ngng 2 amino axit glyxin v alanin thu c ti a ? i peptit.Vit CTCT v
gi tn
Gii: H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH
H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-COOH
H2N-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH Ala-Ala
H2N-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2-COOH
Ala-Gly
Bi 2. Vit cc CTCT v gi tn cc tripeptit c th hnh thnh t glyxin,alanin,phenylalanine(C 6H5CH2CH(NH2)-COOH)
Gii: H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH(C6H5CH2)-COOH Gly-Ala-Phe
Gly-Phe-Ala, Ala-Gly-Phe, Ala-Phe-Gly
Phe-Ala-Gly, Phe-Gly-Ala
Ala-Ala-Ala...
PHNG PHP GII BI TON THY PHN PEPTIT
1. Phn ng thy phn ca Peptit:
a. Thy phn hon ton: theo phng trnh phn ng
H[NHRCO]nOH + (n-1) H2O nH2NRCOOH.
b. Thy phn khng hon ton
Cch gii :
*p dng LBTKL tnh lng nc khi bit khi lng Peptit phn ng v khi lng cht sinh ra.
*p dng LBTKL tnh c lng mui khi cho Aminoacid sinh ra tc dng vi HCl, H2SO4.
* Khi tinh ton nn tnh theo cch 2 trn.
Tnh nhanh khi lng Mol ca Peptit:
H[NHCH2CO]4OH .
Ta c M= MGli x 4 3x18 = 246g/mol
H[NHCH(CH3)CO]3OH
Ta c M= MAla x 3 2x18 = 231g/mol
H[NHCH2CO]nOH .
Ta c M= [MGli x n (n-1).18]g/mol
* i vi 2 Peptit khi thy phn c t l s mol bng nhau,th ta xem 2 Peptit l mt Peptit v ghi phn ng ta
nn ghi gp. Khi lng mol ca Petpti chnh l tng khi lng mol ca 2 Peptit .
V d: Tripeptit H[NHCH2CO]3OH v Tetrapeptit H[NHCH2CO]4OH (c s mol bng nhau) th ta xem 2
Peptit l Heptapeptit: H[NHCH2CO]7OH v M= 435g/mol
V d:

Bi 1: X l mt Tetrapeptit cu to t Aminoacid A, trong phn t A c 1 nhm(-NH2), 1 nhm (-COOH) ,no,


mch h. Trong A Oxi chim 42,67% khi lng. Thy phn m gam X trong mi trng acid th thu c
28,35(g) tripeptit; 79,2(g) ipeptit v 101,25(g) A. Gi tr ca m l?
A. 184,5.
B. 258,3.
C. 405,9.
D. 202,95.
Hng dn:
T % khi lng Oxi trong A ta xc nh c A l Gli ( H2NCH2COOH) vi M=75
Cng thc ca Tetrapeptit l H[NHCH2CO]4OH vi M= 75x4 3x18 = 246g/mol
Tnh s mol: Tripeptit l : 28,35: 189 = 0,15(mol)
ipeptit l : 79,2 : 132 = 0,6 (mol)
Glyxin(A) : 101,25 : 75 = 1,35(mol).
Gii gn nh sau: t mt xch NHCH2CO = X
Ghi s phn ng :
(X)4
(X)3 + X
0,15
0,15
0,15 mol
(X)4
2 (X)2
0,3
0,6
mol
(X)4
4X
0,3
1,2
mol
T s trn ta tnh c: S mol X phn ng l: (0,15+0,3+0,3)=0,75mol
m = 0,75.246 =184,5(g)
Bi 2: Thy phn hon ton 143,45 gam hn hp A gm hai tetrapeptit thu c 159,74 gam hn hp X gm
cc Aminoacid (Cc Aminoacid ch cha 1nhm -COOH v 1 nhm -NH2 ) . Cho tan b X tc dng vi dung
dch HCl d,sau c cn dung dch th nhn c m(gam) mui khan. Tnh khi lng nc phn ng v gi
tr ca m ln lt bng?
a. 8,145(g) v 203,78(g). b. 32,58(g) v 10,15(g).
c. 16,2(g) v 203,78(g) d. 16,29(g) v 203,78(g).
Hng dn: t Cng thc chung cho hn hp A l H[NHRCO]4OH
Ta c phn ng : H[NHRCO]4OH + 3H2O
4 H2NRCOOH
Hay:
(X)4 + 3H2O
4X ( Trong X = HNRCO)

mX mA
= 0,905(mol ) mH2O = 16,29 gam.
18
4
4
T phn ng nX= n H2O = .0,905(mol )
3
3
p dng LBTKL nH2O =

Phn ng ca X tc dng vi HCl : X + HCl

X.HCl

4
p dng BTKL m(Mui) = mX + mHCl = 159,74 + .0,905(mol ) .36,5 = 203,78(g)
3
Bi 3: Tripeptit M v Tetrapeptit Q c to ra t mt aminoacid X mch h ( phn t ch cha 1 nhm
NH2 ). Phn trm khi lng Nito trong X bng 18,667%. Thy phn khng hon ton m(g) hn hp M,Q(c t
l s mol 1:1) trong mi trng Acid thu c 0,945(g) M; 4,62(g) ipeptit v 3,75 (g) X.Gi tr ca m?
A. 4,1945(g).
B. 8,389(g).
C. 12,58(g).
D. 25,167(g).
Hng dn:
Cch 1: Ta c %N =

14 18,667
=
MX = 75 X l Glyxin
MX
100

Do hai peptit c t l s mol phn ng 1:1 nn xem hn hp M,Q l mt Heptapeptit : H[NHCH2CO]7OH v c


M = 435g/mol.
S phn ng :

m(M,Q) =
Cch 2
(Gli)7
0,0025mol

27
(Gli)7 + H2O
7
27
0,005mol
7

(Gli)3

0,005mol

7 (Gli)2

+ 10 (Gli)

0.035mol

0.05mol

27
0,005mol.435 = 8,389(g)
7

2(Gli)3 + Gli ; (Gli)7


0,005mol 0,0025
0,035/3

3 (Gli)2 + Gli v (Gli)7


7(Gli)
0,035mol
0,035/3 0,0358/7
0.0358

T cc phn ng tnh c s mol ca (Gli)7 l : 0.01928(mol)


2. Phn ng chy ca Peptit:
V d: Tripeptit mch h X v Tetrapeptit mch h Y c to t mt Aminoacid no, h trong phn t c
1nhm (-NH2 ) v 1nhm (-COOH). t chy X v Y. Vy lm th no t CTPT cho X,Y? Ta lm nh sau:
T CTPT ca Aminoacid no 3 CnH2n+1O2N 2H2O thnh CT C3nH6n 1O4N3(y l cng thcTripeptit) V
4 CnH2n+1O2N 3H2O thnh CT C4nH8n 2O5N4(y l cng thcTetrapeptit) ...... Nu t chy lin
quan n lng nc v cacbonic th ta ch cn cn bng C,H tnh ton cho nhanh.
C3nH6n 1O4N3 + pO2
3nCO2 + (3n-0,5)H2O + N2
C4nH8n 2 O5N4 + pO2
4nCO2 + (4n-1)H2O + N2
Tnh p(O2) dng BT nguyn t Oxi?
Bi 4: Tripeptit mch h X v Tetrapeptit mch h Y u c to ra t mt aminoacid no,mch h c 1 nhm
COOH v 1 nhm NH2 .t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c sn phm gm H2O,CO2 v N2 trong tng
khi lng CO2 v H2O bng 36,3(g) .Nu t chy hon ton 0,2 mol Y th s mol O2 cn phn ng l?
a. 2,8(mol).
b. 1,8(mol).
c. 1,875(mol).
d. 3,375 (mol)
Hng dn:
R rng X,Y u sinh ra do Aminoacid c CT CnH2n+1O2N.
Do vy ta c CT ca X,Y tng ng l: C3nH6n 1O4N3(X) , C4nH8n 2O5N4(Y).
Phn ng chy X: C3nH6n 1O4N3 + pO2
3nCO2 + (3n-0,5)H2O + N2
0,1mol
0,3n(mol) 0,3(3n-0,5)mol
Ta c phng trnh tng khi lng H2O v CO2 : 0,3[44.n + 18. (3n-0,5)] = 36.3 n = 2
Phn ng chy Y: C4nH8n 2 O5N4 + pO2
4nCO2 + (4n-1)H2O + N2 .
0,2mol
0,2.p
0,8n
(0,8n -0,2)
p dng BT nguyn t Oxi :
0,2.5+ 0,2.2p = 0,8.2.2 +(0,8.2 -0,2) p = 9. nO2 = 9x0,2 = 1,8(mol)
BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: Thy phn hon ton 60(g) hn hp hai ipeptit thu c 63,6(g) hn hp X gm cc Aminoacid no
mch h (H2NRCOOOH). Nu ly 1/10 hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c m(g) mui. Gi tr
ca m l?
a. 7,82.
b. 8,72. c. 7,09.
d.16,3.
Bi 2: Thy phn ht m(g) Tetrapeptit Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala thu c hn hp gm 28,48(g) Ala ; 32(g) Ala-Ala
v 27,72(g) Ala-Ala-Ala. Gi tr ca m?
a. 66,44.
b. 111,74.
c. 81,54.
d. 90,6.
Bi 3: X l mt Hexapeptit cu to t mt Aminoacid H2N-CnH2n-COOH(Y). Y c tng % khi lng Oxi v
Nito l 61,33%. Thy phn ht m(g) X trong mi trng acid thu c 30,3(g) pentapeptit, 19,8(g) ieptit v
37,5(g) Y. Gi tr ca m l?
a. 69 gam.
B. 84 gam.
c. 100 gam.
d.78 gam.
Bi 4: X l mt tetrapeptit cu to t mt amino axit (A) no, mch h c 1 nhm COOH ; 1 nhm NH2.
Trong A %N = 15,73% (v khi lng). Thy phn m gam X trong mi trng axit thu c 41,58 gam
tripeptit ; 25,6 gam ipeptit v 92,56 gam A. Gi tr ca m l :
a. 149 gam.
b. 161 gam.
c. 143,45 gam.
d. 159 gam.
Bi 5: X l tetrapeptit Ala-Gly-Val-Ala, Y l tripeptit Val-Gly-Val. un nng m gam hn hp X v Y c t l s
mol nX : nY = 1 : 3 vi 780 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (va ), sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch Z.
C cn dung dch thu c 94,98 gam mui. m c gi tr l
a.. 68,1 gam.
b. 64,86 gam.
c. 77,04 gam.
d. 65,13 gam.
Bi 6 ipeptit mch h X v Tripeptit mch h Y u c to ra t mt Aminoacid no,mch h c 1 nhm
COOH v 1 nhm NH2 .t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y thu c sn phm gm H2O,CO2 v N2 trong tng
khi lng CO2 v H2O bng 54,9(g) .Nu t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X,sn phm thu c cho li qua dung
dch nc vi trong d th c m(g) kt ta . Gi tr ca m l?
a. 45.
b. 120.
c.30.
d.60.
Bi 7: X v Y ln lt l cc tripeptit v tetrapeptit c to thnh t cng mt amino axit no mch h, c
mt nhm COOH v mt nhm NH2. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y thu c sn phm gm CO2, H2O, N2,
trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O l 47,8 gam. Nu t chy hon ton 0,3 mol X cn bao nhiu mol
O2 ?
a. 2,8 mol.
b. 2,025 mol.
c. 3,375 mol.
d. 1,875 mol.
Bi 8:Thy phn 14(g) mt Polipeptit(X) vi hiu sut t 80%,thi thu c 14,04(g) mt - aminoacid (Y).
Xc nh Cng thc cu to ca Y?

a. H2N(CH2)2COOH.b. H2NCH(CH3)COOH. c. H2NCH2COOH


d. H2NCH(C2H5)COOH
Bi 9: un nng alanin thu c mt s peptit trong c peptit A c phn trm khi lng nit l 18,54%.
Khi lng phn t ca A l :
a. 231.
b. 160.
c. 373.
d. 302.
Bi 10: Khi thy phn hon ton 55,95 gam mt peptit X thu c 66,75 gam alanin (amino axit duy nht). X
l :
a. tripeptit.
b. tetrapeptit.
c. pentapeptit. d. ipeptit.
Bi 11: Khi thy phn hon ton 65 gam mt peptit X thu c 22,25 gam alanin v 56,25 gam glyxin. X l :
a. tripeptthu c.
b. tetrapeptit.
c. pentapeptit. d. ipeptit.
Bi 12: Thu phn hon ton 500 gam mt oligopeptit X (cha t 2 n 10 gc -amino axit) thu c 178
gam amino axit Y v 412 gam amino axit Z. Bit phn t khi ca Y l 89. Phn t khi ca Z l :
a. 103.
b. 75.
c. 117.
d. 147.
Bi 13: Tripeptit X c cng thc sau :
H2NCH2CONHCH(CH3)CONHCH(CH3)COOH
Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol X trong 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng cht rn thu c khi c cn
dung dch sau phn ng l :
a. 28,6 gam.
b. 22,2 gam.
c. 35,9 gam.
d. 31,9 gam.
Bi 14: Protein A c khi lng phn t l 50000 vC. Thu phn 100 gam A thu c 33,998 gam alanin.
S mt xch alanin trong phn t A l :
a. 191.
b. 38,2.
c. 2.3.1023 d. 561,8.
Bi 15: Thy phn 1250 gam protein X thu c 425 gam alanin. Nu phn t khi ca X bng 100000 vC
th s mt xch alanin c trong X l :
a. 453.
b. 382.
c. 328.
d. 479.
Bi 16:Xc nh Phn t khi gn ng ca mt Polipeptit cha 0,32% S trong phn t. Gi s trong phn t ch
c 2 nguyn t S?
a. 20.000(vC)
b.10.000(vC).
c. 15.000(vC).d. 45.000(vC).
Bi 17: Mt hemoglobin (hng cu ca mu) cha 0,4% Fe (mi phn t hemoglobin ch cha 1 nguyn t Fe).
Phn t khi gn ng ca hemoglobin trn l :
a. 12000.
b. 14000.
c. 15000.
d. 18000.
Bi 18: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol Pentapeptit(X) thu c 3 mol Gli; 1 mol Ala; 1 mol Phe. Khi thy phn
khng hon ton (X) thu c hn hp gm Ala-Gli ; Gli-Ala v khng thy to ra Phe-Gli. Xc nh CTCT ca
Petapeptit?
Hng dn: T cc ipeptit ta thy Gli gia Ala-Gli-Ala hoc Ala gia Gli-Ala-Gli. Nhng v thu
c 1 mol Ala nn chc chn Ala phi gia Gli-Ala-Gli. Do khng c Phe-Gli to thnh nn Phe khng ng
trc Gli m ng sau Gli.
Vy CTCT l: Gli-Gli-Ala-Gli-Phe
Bi 19: Thu phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit A th thu c 3 mol glyxin ; 1 mol alanin v 1mol valin.
Khi thu phn khng hon ton A th trong hn hp sn phm thy c cc ipeptit Ala-Gly ; Gly-Ala v
tripeptit Gly-Gly-Val. Amino axit u N, amino axit u C pentapeptit A ln lt l :
a. Gly, Val.
b. Ala, Val.
c. Gly, Gly. d. Ala, Gly.
Bi 20: Thu phn khng hon ton tetrapeptit (X), ngoi cc a-amino axit cn thu c cc ipetit:
Gly-Ala ; Phe-Val ; Ala-Phe. Cu to no sau y l ng ca X ?
a. Val-Phe-Gly-Ala.
b. Ala-Val-Phe-Gly.
c. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe.
d. Gly-Ala-Phe-Val.
Bi 21: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu c 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol alanin (Ala), 1 mol
valin (Val) v 1 mol phenylalanin (Phe). Thy phn khng hon ton X thu c ipeptit Val-Phe v
tripeptit Gly-Ala-Val nhng khng thu c ipeptit Gly-Gly. ht X c cng thc l
a. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val.
b. Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Phe.
c. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly.
d. Val-Phe-Gly-Ala-Gly.
Bi 22: Cng thc no sau y ca pentapeptit (A) tha iu kin sau ?
hy phn hon ton 1 mol A th thu c cc - amino axit l : 3 mol glyxin, 1 mol alanin, 1 mol valin. Thy
phn khng hon ton A, ngoi thu c cc amino axit th cn thu c 2 ipeptit : Ala-Gly ; Gly-Ala v 1
tripeptit Gly-Gly-Val.
a. Ala-Gly-Gly-Gly-Val.
b. Gly- Gly-Ala-Gly-Val.
c. Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly-Val.
d. Gly-Ala-Gly-Val-Gly.
Bi 23: Thu phn hp cht :
H2NCH2CONHCH(CH3)CONHCH(CH(CH3)2)CONHCH2CONHCH2COOH s thu c bao
nhiu loi amino axit no sau y ?

a. 3.
b. 4.
c. 5.
d. 2.
Bi 24: Thu phn hp cht : s thu c bao nhiu loi amino axit no sau y ?
H2NCH(CH3)CONHCH(CH(CH3)2)CONHCH(C2H5)CONHCH2CONHCH(C4H9)COOH.
a. 2.
b. 3.
c. 4.
d. 5.
Bi 25: Cho 3 cht X,Y,Z vo 3 ng nghim cha sn Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH lc u v quan st th thy: Cht
X thy xut hin mu tm, cht Y th Cu(OH)2 tan v c mu xanh nht, cht Z th Cu(OH)2 tan v c mu
xanh thm. X, Y, Z ln lt l :
a. H tinh bt, HCOOH, mantoz.
b. Protein, CH3CHO, saccaroz.
c. Anbumin, C2H5COOH, glyxin.
d. Lng trng trng, CH3COOH, glucoz.
Bi 26: Thuc th c dng phn bit Gly-Ala-Gly v Gly-Ala l :
a. dd HCl.
b. Cu(OH)2/OHc. dd NaCl.
d. dd NaOH
POLIME
(VIT PHNG TRNH HA HC IU CH , TNH KHI LNG MONOME HOC POLIME
THEO HIU SUT)
I. Mc tiu bi hc:
1. V kin thc:
- Vit PTHH iu ch mt s polime
- H thng ha kin thc thng qua chui phn ng
2. K nng:
- Rn luyn k nng vit ptp.
- Rn luyn k nng tnh ton lin quan n hiu sut
3.T duy:
- Rn luyn kh nng quan st, d on, suy lun logic, so snh
- Pht trin tr tng tng khng gian
II. Chun b:
GV: H thng cu hi v bi tp.
HS: n li kin thc.
III. PHNG PHP: Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm.
Dng : Chui phn ng
BT 1: CH4 C2H2 C2H4 C2H5OH C4H6 Cao su Buna
15000 C
Gii:
CH4
C2H2
0

t , Pd
C2H2 + H2
CH2 = CH2
H+
CH2 = CH2 + HOH
C2H5OH
0

Al2O3 ,t
2C2H5OH

CH2 = CH CH = CH2 + 2H2O + H2


BT2: T metan, vit cc PTHH iu ch cc cht sau:
a. PE
b. PVC
c. Cao su Buna
Gii:
- Lp s :
C2H2
PVC
CH2 = CH Cl
CH4
- Vit PTHH
Dng :Tnh khi lng polime hoc monome
BT 1: T 4 tn C2H4 c cha 30% tp cht c th iu ch bao nhiu tn PE ? (Bit hiu sut phn ng l 90%)
A. 2,55
B. 2,8
C. 2,52
D.3,6
- Vit s (PTHH)
- Tnh ton, ghp hiu sut vo.
MPE = 4.0,7.0,9 = 2,52 tn
BT 2: PVC c iu ch t kh thin nhin theo s : CH4 C2H2 CH2=CHCl PVC
Nu hiu sut ton b qu trnh iu ch l 20% th th tch kh thin nhin (ktc) cn ly iu ch ra 1 tn
PVC l (xem kh thin nhin cha 100% metan v th tch)
A. 12846m3
B. 3584m3
C. 8635m3
D. 6426m3
Vit s : 2nCH4
PVC
- Tnh ton:
Vkh thin nhin = 1.2:62,5.22,4:0,2 = 3584 m3

BT 3: Cao su tng hp ln u tin c iu ch bng phng php Lebedev theo s sau :


Ancol etylic buta- 1,3-ien cao su Buna.
Hiu sut qu trnh iu ch 80%, mun iu ch c 540 tn cao su th khi lng ancol etylic cn dng
l :
A. 856 tn
B. 684,8 tn.
C. 1150 tn
D. 920 tn
- Vit s :
2nC2H5OH
n C4H6
Cao su buna
- Tnh ton:
mancol etylic = 540.2.46:54:0,8 = 1150 tn
Dng : Xc nh h s polime ha, xc nh mnome
mnome: n =

M po lim e
M matxich

BT 1: H s polime ha trong mu cao su buna (M 39960) bng:


A. 400
B. 550
C. 740
D. 800
Gii: Mpolime = 39960 ; Mmt xch = 54
n = 39960:54 = 740
BT2: Khi lng ca mt on mch t nilon-6,6 l 27346 vC v ca mt on mch t capron l 17176 vC.
S lng mt xch trong on mch nilon-6,6 v capron nu trn ln lt l
A. 113 v 152.
B. 121 v 114.
C. 121 v 152.
D. 113 v 114.
BT 3: Polime X c phn t khi M = 280 000 vC v h s trng hp n = 10 000. X l:
A. PE
B. -(CF2 CF2)nC. PVC
D. Polipropylen
Gii: Mmt xch = 280000:10000 = 28
p n A
POLIME TRONG CC HC 2007-2012
A. Nm 2007
Cu 1: Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1 phn t clo phn ng
vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 2: Cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C 8H10O (u l dn xut ca benzen) c tnh cht:tch nc
thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime, khng tc dng c vi NaOH. S lng ng phn ng vi
cng thc phn t C8H10O, tho mn tnh cht trn l: A. 4.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Cu 3: Dy gm cc cht c dng tng hp cao su Buna-S l:
A. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, lu hunh.
B. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2.
C. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2.
D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, CH3-CH=CH2.
B. Nm 2008
Cu 4: Khi lng ca mt on mch t nilon-6,6 l 27346 vC v ca mt on mch t capron l 17176
vC. S lng mt xch trong on mch nilon-6,6 v capron nu trn ln lt l
A. 113 v 152. B. 113 v 114.
C. 121 v 152.
D. 121 v 114.
Cu 5: Pht biu ng l:
A. Cao su thin nhin l sn phm trng hp ca isopren.
B. Cc cht etilen, toluen v stiren u tham gia phn ng trng hp.
C. Tnh axit ca phenol yu hn ca ru (ancol). D. Tnh baz ca anilin mnh hn ca amoniac.
Cu 6: Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn
V m3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH4 chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c
qu trnh l 50%)
A. 286,7.
B. 358,4.
C. 224,0.
D. 448,0.
Cu7: Th tch dung dch HNO3 67,5% (khi lng ring l 1,5 g/ml) cn dng tc dng vi xenluloz to
thnh 89,1 kg xenluloz trinitrat l (bit lng HNO3 b hao ht l 20 %)
A. 55 lt.
B. 81 lt.
C. 49 lt. D. 70 lt.
Cu 8: Polime c cu trc mng khng gian l:
A. PVC. B. nha bakelit. C. PE. D. amilopectin.
Cu 9: T 16,20 tn xenluloz ngi ta sn xut c m tn xenluloz trinitrat (bit hiu sut phn ng tnh
theo xenluloz l 90%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 33,00.
B. 25,46. C. 26,73.
D . 29,70.
Cu 10: T nilon - 6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng
A. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v H2N-(CH2)6-NH2. B. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v HO-(CH2)2-OH.
C. H2N-(CH2)5-COOH.
D. HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH.

C. Nm 2009
Cu 11: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO2 sinh ra hp th ht vo dd nc vi trong,
thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dd sau phn ng gim 3,4 gam so vi khi lng dd nc vi trong ban
u. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 13,5
B. 30,0
C. 15,0
D. 20,0
Cu 12: Poli (metyl metacrylat) v nilon-6 c to thnh t cc monome tng ng l
A. CH3-COO-CH = CH2 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH.

B. CH2 = C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-

COOH.
C. CH2 = C(CH3)-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]5-COOH.

D. CH2 = CH-COOCH3 v H2N-[CH2]6-COOH.

Cu 13: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l:


A. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en.
B. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl
clorua.
C. 1,2-iclopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen. D. buta-1,3-ien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en.
Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Trng ngng buta-1,3-ien vi acrilonitrin c xc tc Na c cao su buna-N.
B. T visco l t tng hp.
C. Poli(etylen terephtalat) c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng cc monome tng ng.
D. Trng hp stiren thu c poli(phenol-fomanehit).
Cu 15: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom.
B. Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3.
C. Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
D. Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
Cu 16: Trong thc t, phenol c dng sn xut
A. nha PVC, nha novolac v cht dit c 2,4-D.
B. nha rezit, cht dit c 2,4-D v thuc n
TNT.
C. PPF, cht dit c 2,4-D v axit picric.
D. nha rezol, nha rezit v thuc tr su 666.
Cu 17: Th tch ca dung dch axit nitric 63% (D = 1,4 g/ml) cn va sn xut c 59,4 kg xenluloz
trinitrat (hiu sut 80%) l
A. 53,57 lt.
B. 34,29 lt.
C. 42,86 lt.
D. 42,34 lt.
Cu 18: Thu phn 1250 gam protein X thu c 425 gam alanin. Nu phn t khi ca X bng 100.000 vC
th s mt xch alanin c trong phn t X l
A. 328.
B. 479.
C. 453.
D. 382.
Cu 19: Ln men hon ton m gam glucoz thnh ancol etylic. Ton b kh CO2 sinh ra trong qu trnh ny
c hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) to ra 40 gam kt ta. Nu hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men l 75%
th gi tr ca m l
A. 30.
B. 48.
C. 60
. D. 58.
D. Nm 2010
Cu 20: Cho cc loi t: bng, t capron, t xenluloz axetat, t tm, t nitron, nilon-6,6. S t tng hp l
A. 3. B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 5.
Cu 21: Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-terephtalat);
(5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli(vinyl axetat), cc polime l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng l:
A. (1), (3), (6). B. (3), (4), (5). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (5).
Cu 22: Thu phn hon ton tinh bt trong dung dch axit v c long, thu c cht hu c X. Cho X phn ng
vi kh H2 (xc tc Ni, to), thu c cht hu c Y. Cc cht X, Y ln lt l:
A. glucoz, sobitol.
B. glucoz, saccaroz. C. glucoz, etanol.
D. glucoz, fructoz.
Cu 23: Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng?
A. poli(metyl metacrylat). B. poli(etylen terephtalat). C. polistiren.
D.poliacrilonitrin.
E. Nm 2011
Cu 24: Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp?
A. Trng hp vinyl xianua.
B. Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic.
C. Trng hp metyl metacrylat.
D. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit aipic.
Cu 25: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nitric vi xenluloz (hiu sut phn ng 60%
tnh theo xenluloz). Nu dng 2 tn xenluloz th khi lng xenluloz trinitrat iu ch c l
A. 2,97 tn.
B. 3,67 tn.
C. 1,10 tn.
D. 2,20 tn.

Cu 27: Cho s phn ng:


CH CH + HCN X; X polime Y; X + CH2=CH-CH=CH2 polime Z. Y v Z ln lt dng ch to
vt liu polime no sau y? A. T capron v cao su buna.
B. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.
C. T olon v cao su buna-N.
D. T nitron v cao su buna-S.
Cu 28: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat:
(a) Glucoz v saccaroz u l cht rn c v ngt, d tan trong nc.
(b) Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit.
(c) Trong dung dch, glucoz v saccaroz u ho tan Cu(OH)2, to phc mu xanh lam.
(d) Khi thu phn ht hn hp gm tinh bt v saccaroz trong mi trng axit, ch thu c mt loi
monosaccarit duy nht.
(e) Khi un nng glucoz (hoc fructoz) vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c Ag.
(g) Glucoz v saccaroz u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng) to sobitol.
S pht biu ng l
A. 5. B. 6. C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 29: Cho cc t sau: t xenluloz axetat, t capron, t nitron, t visco, t nilon-6,6. C bao nhiu t thuc
loi t poliamit?
A. 1. B. 2.
C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 30 Cho cc polime : (1) polietilen , (2) poli (metyl metacrylat), (3) polibutaien, (4) polistiren, (5)
poli(vinyl axetat) v (6) t nilon-6,6. Trong cc polime trn, cc polime c th b thu phn trong dung dch axit
v dung dch kim l:
A. (2),(3),(6)
B. (2),(5),(6)
C. (1),(4),(5)
D. (1),(2),(5)
Cu 31 C mt s nhn xt v cacbonhirat nh sau:
(1) Saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz u c th b thy phn
(2) Glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz u tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 v c kh nng tham gia phn ng
trng bc
(3) Tinh bt v xenluloz l ng phn cu to ca nhau
(4) Phn t xenluloz c ccu to bi nhiu gc -glucoz
(5) Thy phn tinh bt trong mi trng axit sinh ra fructoz
Trong cc nhn xt trn, s nhn xt ng l
A. 2
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3
F. Nm 2012
Cu 32. (C-2012) Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Lc baz ca anilin yu hn lc baz ca metylamin.
B. Cao su buna-N thuc loi cao su thin nhin.
C. Cht bo cn c gi l triglixerit hoc triaxylglixerol.
D. Poli(metyl metacrylat) c dng ch to thy tinh hu c.
Cu 33. (HA-2012) Hp cht X c cng thc C8H14O4. T X thc hin cc phn ng (theo ng t l mol):
t0
(a) X + 2NaOH
X1 + X2 + H2O
(b) X1 + H2SO4
X3 + Na2SO4
(c) nX3 + nX4
nilon-6,6 + 2nH2O
(d) 2X2 + X3
X5 + 2H2O
Phn t khi ca X5 l
A. 202.
B. 198.
C. 174.
D. 216.
Cu 34. (HB-2012) Cho cc cht: caprolactam (1), isopropylbenzen (2), acrilonitrin (3), glyxin (4), vinyl
axetat (5). Cc cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp to polime l
A. (3), (4) v (5).
B. (1), (2) v (3).
C. (1), (3) v (5).
D. (1), (2) v (5).
Cu 35. (HB-2012) Cc polime thuc loi t nhn to l
A. t nilon-6,6 v t capron.
B. t visco v t xeluloz axetat.
C. t visco v t nilon-6,6. D. t tm v t vinilon.
Cu 36. (HA-2012) Loi t no sau y c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp?
A. T nilon-6,6.
B. T visco.
C. T nitron.
D. T xenluloz axetat.
TNH CHT CA KIM LOI
I. Mc tiu:
1. Kin thc:
- Nm c cu to v tnh cht ca kim loi
2. K nng:
- Rn luyn k nng vit ptp.
- Rn luyn k nng suy lun logic
3.T duy:
- Rn luyn kh nng quan st, d on, suy lun logic, so snh
- Pht trin tr tng tng khng gian

II. Chun b:
GV: Gio n
HS: xem li cc dng bi tp v v tr v tnh cht ca kim loi
III. Phng php: m thoi- nu vn - Hot ng nhm
BI TON V KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH AXIT
1)Mt s ch khi gii bi tp:
- Kim loi tc dng vi hn hp axit HCl, H2SO4 long (H+ ng vai tr l cht oxi ha) th to ra mui c s oxi
ha thp v gii phng H2: M + nH+ Mn+ + n/2H2 (nH+ = nHCl + 2nH2SO4)
- Kim loi tc dng vi hn hp axit HCl, H2SO4 long, HNO3 vit phng trnh phn ng di dng ion thu
gn (H+ ng vai tr mi trng, NO3 ng vai tr cht oxi ha) v so snh cc t s gia s mol ban u v h
s t lng trong phng trnh xem t s no nh nht th cht s ht trc ( tnh theo)
- Cc kim loi tc dng vi ion NO3 trong mi trng axit H+ xem nh tc dng vi HNO3
- Cc kim loi Zn, Al tc dng vi ion NO3 trong mi trng kim OH gii phng NH3
4Zn + NO3 + 7OH 4ZnO22 + NH3 + 2H2O
8Al + 3NO3 + 5OH + 2H2O 8AlO2 + 3NH3
- Khi hn hp nhiu kim loi tc dng vi hn hp axit th dng nh lut bo ton mol electron v phng php
ion electron gii cho nhanh. So snh tng s mol electron cho v nhn bin lun xem cht no ht, cht
no d
- Khi hn hp kim loi trong c Fe tc dng vi H2SO4 c nng hoc HNO3 cn ch xem kim loi c d
khng. Nu kim loi (Mg Cu) d th c phn ng kim loi kh Fe3+ v Fe2+. V d: Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+ ; Cu +
2Fe3+ Cu2+ + 2Fe2+
- Khi ha tan hon hon hn hp kim loi trong c Fe bng dung dch HNO3 m th tch axit cn dng l nh
nht mui Fe2+
- Kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn s u tin phn ng trc
- Nu bi yu cu tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch, ta p dng cng thc sau:
mmui = mcation + manion to mui = mkim loi + manion to mui
(manion to mui = manion ban u manion to kh)
- 2) Mt s v d minh ha
V d 1: Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 10 %, thu c
2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l:
A. 101,68 gam B. 88,20 gam

C. 101,48 gam D. 97,80 gam

Hng dn: nH2 = nH2SO4 = 0,1 mol m (dung dch H2SO4) = 98 gam m (dung dch sau phn ng) = 3,68
+ 98 - 0,2 = 101,48 gam p n C
V d 2: Cho 7,68 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Al vo 400 ml dung dch Y gm HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 8,512 lt kh ( ktc). Bit trong dung dch, cc axit phn li hon ton
thnh cc ion. Phn trm v khi lng ca Al trong X l:
A. 56,25 %

B. 49,22 %

C. 50,78 %

D. 43,75 %

Hng dn: nH+ = 0,8 mol ; nH2 = 0,38 mol nH+phn ng = 0,76 mol < 0,8 mol axit d, kim loi ht

- Gi nMg = x mol ; nAl = y mol

% Al =

p n A
V d 3: Cho 0,10 mol Ba vo dung dch cha 0,10 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol HCl. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, lc ly kt ta nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m
l: A. 23,3 gam B. 26,5 gam C. 24,9 gam D. 25,2 gam
Hng dn: Cc phn ng xy ra l:
Ba +

2HCl BaCl2 + H2

0,06 0,12 0,06


BaCl2 + CuSO4 BaSO4 + CuCl2
0,06 0,06
Ba +

0,06

2H2O Ba(OH)2 +

H2

0,04 0,04
Ba(OH)2 + CuSO4 BaSO4 + Cu(OH)2
0,04

0,04

0,04

0,04

Cu(OH)2

CuO + H2O

0,04

0,04

m (cht rn) = mBaSO4 + mCuO = (0,06 + 0,04).233 + 0,04.80 = 26,5 gam p n B


V d 4: Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton 18 gam hn hp gm Fe v
Cu trn theo t l mol 1 : 1 l: (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 1,0 lt

B. 0,6 lt

C. 0,8 lt

D. 1,2 lt

Hng dn: nFe = nCu = 0,15 mol


- Do th tch dung dch HNO3 cn dng t nht mui Fe2+ ne cho = 2.(0,15 + 0,15) = 0,6 mol
- Theo lbt mol electron nH+ = nHNO3 =

mol VHNO3 = 0,8 lt p n C

V d 5: Ha tan 9,6 gam Cu vo 180 ml dung dch hn hp HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M, kt thc phn ng thu
c V lt ( ktc) kh khng mu duy nht thot ra, ha nu ngoi khng kh. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1,344 lt

B. 4,032 lt

C. 2,016 lt

D. 1,008 lt

Hng dn: nCu = 0,15 mol ; nNO3 = 0,18 mol ; nH+ = 0,36 mol
8H+ + 2NO3

3Cu +
0,36
Do

3Cu2+ +

2NO + 4H2O

0,09
H+ ht ; Cu d

VNO = 0,09.22,4 = 2,016 lt p n C


V d 6: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm H2SO4 0,5M
v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy

nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu
ca V l:
A. 360 ml

B. 240 ml

C. 400 ml

D. 120 ml

Hng dn: nFe = 0,02 mol ; nCu = 0,03 mol ne cho = 0,02.3 + 0,03.2 = 0,12 mol ; nH+ = 0,4 mol ; nNO3
= 0,08 mol (Ion NO3 trong mi trng H+ c tnh oxi ha mnh nh HNO3)
NO3 + 3e +

- Bn phn ng:

4H+ NO + 2H2O

0,12 0,16
kim loi kt v H+ d

Do

nH+ d = 0,4 0,16 = 0,24 mol nOH (to kt ta max) = 0,24 + 0,02.3 + 0,03.2 = 0,36 V = 0,36 lt
hay 360 ml p n A
V d 7: Cho 24,3 gam bt Al vo 225 ml dung dch hn hp NaNO3 1M v NaOH 3M khuy u cho n khi
kh ngng thot ra th dng li v thu c V lt kh ( ktc).Gi tr ca V l:
A. 11,76 lt

B. 9,072 lt

C. 13,44 lt

D. 15,12 lt

Hng dn: nAl = 0,9 mol ; nNO3 = 0,225 mol ; nOH = 0,675 mol
8Al + 3NO3 +

5OH + 18H2O 8[Al(OH)4] +

B:

0,9

0,675

P:

0,6 0,225 0,375

D:

0,3

0,225
0

3NH3

(1)

0,225
0,3

NO3 ht

Do

Al + OH (d) + H2O AlO2 +


0,3

H2

0,3

(2)

0,45

T (1) ; (2) V = (0,225 + 0,45).22,4 = 15,12 lt p n D


V d 8: Ha tan hon ton 100 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Cu , Ag trong dung dch HNO3 (d). Kt thc phn ng
thu c 13,44 lt hn hp kh Y gm NO2, NO, N2O theo t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 2 : 1 v dung dch Z
(khng cha mui NH4NO3). C cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m v s mol HNO3
phn ng ln lt l:
A. 205,4 gam v 2,5 mol

B. 199,2 gam v 2,4 mol

C. 205,4 gam v 2,4 mol

D. 199,2 gam v 2,5 mol

Hng dn: nY = 0,6 mol nNO2 = 0,3 mol ; nNO = 0,2 mol ; nN2O = 0,1 mol

n NO-

n NO2

+ 3.

mZ = mKl +

m NO-

to mui

to mui

n HNO

phn ng

= 2.

n NO

+ 8.

n N2O

= 0,3 + 3.0,2 + 8.0,1 = 1,7 mol

= 100 + 1,7.62 = 205,4 gam (1)

n NO2 + 4. n NO

+ 10.

n N 2O

= 2.0,3 + 4.0,2 + 10.0,1 = 2,4 mol (2)

- T (1) ; (2) p n C
V d 9: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 1,92 gam

B. 3,20 gam

C. 0,64 gam

D. 3,84 gam

Hng dn: nFe = 0,12 mol ne cho = 0,36 mol; nHNO3 = 0,4 mol ne nhn = 0,3 mol
- Do ne cho > ne nhn Fe cn d dung dch X c Fe2+ v Fe3+
- Cc phn ng xy ra l:
Fe +

4HNO3

Fe(NO3)3 +

0,1 0,4
Fe (d) +

NO +

2H2O

0,1
3+

2Fe

3Fe2+

0,02 0,04
Cu +

2Fe3+ (d) Cu2+ +

2Fe2+

0,03 0,06
mCu = 0,03.64 = 1,92 gam p n A
V d 10: Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung dch X v 1,344 lt
( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung
dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 38,34 gam

B. 34,08 gam

C. 106,38 gam D. 97,98 gam

Hng dn: nAl = 0,46 mol ne cho = 1,38 mol ; nY = 0,06 mol ;

M Y = 36

- D dng tnh c nN2O = nN2 = 0,03 mol


ne nhn = 0,03.(8 + 10) = 0,54 mol < ne cho
dung dch X cn cha mui NH4NO3

nNH4+

NO3

- Vy mX = mAl(NO3)3 + m NH4NO3
(Hoc c th tnh mX = mKl + mNO30,105.18

to mui

mol

= 0,46.213 + 0,105.80 = 106,38 gam p n C


+ mNH4+ = 12,42 + (0,03.8 + 0,03.10 + 0,105.8 + 0,105).62 +

106,38

gam)

MT KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA MT MUI

Cu 1: Ngm mt inh st trong 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 x M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc ly inh st ra khi
dung dch ra nh, lm kh thy khi lng inh st tng thm 1,6gam. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,000.
B. 0,001.
C. 0,040.
D. 0,200.
HNG DN GII
Gi a l s mol CuSO4 tham gia phn ng
Phng trnh ha hc:
Fe + CuSO4
FeSO4 + Cu
Mol: a <------- a--------------------------> a
Theo bi ta c:

mCu bam - mFe tan = mFe tang


64a - 56a = 1,6 Gii ra a = 0,2

Nng mol/l CuSO4: CM =

n 0, 2
=
=1M
V 0, 2

Chn A

Cu 2: Nhng thanh kim loi M vo 100ml dung dch FeCl 2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton khi lng
thanh kim loi gim 0,45g. Kim loi M l
A. Al.
B. Mg.
C. Zn.
HNG DN GII
Gi s kim loi c ha tr II
S mol ca FeCl2: n = CM.V = 0,5 . 0,1 = 0,05 mol
Phng trnh ha hc:
M + FeCl2
MCl2 + Fe
Mol: 0,05 <----0,05--------------------> 0,05mol

D. Cu.

mM tan - mFe bam = mM giam


0,05.M - 56.0,05 = 0,45 Gii ra M = 65 (Zn)

Theo bi ta c:

Cu 3: Ngm mt l Zn trong dung dch c ha tan 4,16gam CdSO4.

Chn C

Phn ng xong khi lng l Zn tng

2,35% so vi ban u. Khi lng l Zn trc khi phn ng l


(Cho : Cd=112, S=32, O=16, Zn=65)
A. 1,30gam.
B. 40,00gam.
C. 3,25gam.
HNG DN GII
Gi mb l khi lng l Zn ban u

D. 54,99gam.

m 4,16
=
= 0,02 mol
M
208
Phng trnh ha hc:
Zntan + CdSO4
ZnSO4 + Cdbm
S mol CdSO4

n=

Mol: 0,02 <------0,02-----------------------> 0,02

Theo bi ta c:

mCd

ba
m-

mZn

2,35

tan

= mb* 100

112.0,02 - 65.0,02 = mb*

2,35
Gii ra: mb = 40 gam Chn B
100

Cu 4: Ngm mt l Zn c khi lng 1 gam trong V (ml) dung dch Cu(NO3)2 2 M. Phn ng xong khi
lng l Zn gim xung 10% so vi ban u. Gi tr ca V l
(Cho : Cu=64, N=14, O=16, Zn=65)
A. 50,00.
B. 0,05.
C. 0,20.
D. 100,00.
HNG DN GII
Ta c khi lng l Zn ban u bng 1 gam
Gi x l s mol Cu(NO3)2 tham gia phn ng
Phng trnh ha hc:
Zntan + Cu(NO3)2
Zn(NO3)2 + Cubm
Mol: x <---------x--------------------> x
Theo bi ta c:

mZn

10

tan

- mCu bam = mb* 100 = 0,1

65.x - 64.x = 0,1 x = 0,1

0,1
VCu(NO 3 ) 2 =
= 0, 05 lt = 50 ml
2

Cu 5: Cho mt thanh st nng 20 gam vo 200ml dung

Chn A.

dch CuSO 4 0,5M. Khi phn ng xy ra xong th


khi lng thanh st sau khi em ra khi dung dch v sy kh l
A. 19,2 gam.
B. 6,4 gam.
C. 5,6 gam.
D. 20,8 gam.
HNG DN GII

Ta c khi lng thanh Fe ban u bng 20 gam


S mol CuSO4 = 0,5 . 0,2 = 0,1 mol
Phng trnh ha hc:
Fetan + CuSO4
ZnSO4 + Cubm
Mol: 0,1 <-------0,1--------------------------> 0,1
Theo bi ta c:

mCu bam = 64.0,1 = 6,4 gam

mFe tan = 56.0,1 = 5,6 gam


Nh vy sau phn ng khi lng thanh Fe tng ln: 6,4 5,6 = 0,8 gam
Khi lng thanh Fe khi ly ra khi dung dch l: 20 + 0,8 = 20,8 gam Chn D.

Cu 6:

Cho 0,12 mol Fe vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol HNO3 long to V lt (ktc) kh NO, v thu c
dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m lA. 24,20.
B. 29,04.
C. 10,80 .
D. 25,32.
HNG DN GII
Phng trnh ha hc: Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
(1)
Mol:
0,1<---- 0,4 ---------> 0,1
Sau phn ng: Fed = 0,12 0,1 = 0,02 mol
Trong dung dch c cha ion Fe3+ nn tip tc xy ra phn ng
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2
(2)
Mol: 0,02----->0,04 ------------> 0,06
Dung dch X gm: Fe(NO3)2: 0,06 mol, Fe(NO3)3 cn li: 0,1 0,04 = 0,06 mol
Khi lng mui trong dung dch X: (180 + 242).0,06 = 25,32 gam Chn D

Cu 7: Cho 0,01 mol Fe tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,025 mol AgNO3, sau phn ng thu c cht
rn X v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56,
Ag=108, N=14, O=16)
A. 2,11 gam.
B. 1,80 gam.
C. 1,21 gam.
D. 2,65 gam.
HNG DN GII
Phng trnh ha hc: Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Mol:
0,01---> 0,02 ---------> 0,01----->0,02
Sau phn ng: AgNO3d = 0,025 0,02 = 0,005 mol
Trong dung dch c cha ion Fe2+ li c ion Ag+ nn tip tc xy ra phn ng
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag (2)
Mol: 0,005<------0,005 -----> 0,005
Dung dch X gm: Fe(NO3)3: 0,005 mol, Fe(NO3)2 cn li: 0,01 0,005 = 0,005 mol
Khi lng mui trong dung dch X: (180 + 242).0,005 = 2,11 gam Chn A

Cu 8: Cho hn hp X gm 0,1 mol Fe2O3 v 0,05 mol Cu tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau phn ng
thu c dung dch Y, c cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,45gam.
B. 51,95gam.
C. 35,70gam.
D. 32,50gam.
HNG DN GII
Phng trnh ha hc: Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O (1)
Mol:
0,1------------------> 0,2
Cu khng tc dng vi dung dch HCl nhng trong dung dch to thnh c cha ion Fe3+ do xy ra phn
ng
2FeCl3 + Cu 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
(2)
Mol:
0,1<-----0,05 ----->0,1---->0,05
Dung dch Y gm: FeCl3: 0,1 mol, FeCl2: 0,1 mol, CuCl2: 0,05 mol
Khi lng mui trong dd X: (127 + 162.5).0,1+135.0,05 = 35,7gam

Chn C

Cu 9: Cho 4,8 gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol FeCl3, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
dung dch X, c cn dung dch X c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 34,9.
B. 25,4.
C. 31,7.
D. 44,4.
HNG DN GII
Phng trnh ha hc: Mg + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + MgCl2
(1)
Mol:
0,1<------ 0,2 -------> 0,2------->0,1
Sau phn ng:
Mgd = 0,2 0,1 = 0,1 mol
Trong dung dch c cha ion Fe2+ nn Mgd s tip tc kh Fe2+ thnh Fe
FeCl2 + Mgd MgCl2 + Fe
(2)

Mol: 0,1<-----------0,1 -----> 0,1


Dung dch X gm: FeCl2 cn li: 0,1 mol, MgCl2: 0,2 mol
Khi lng mui trong dung dch X: 0,1.127 + 0,2.95 = 31,7 gam Chn C
Cu 10: Tin hnh hai th nghim sau:
- Th nghim 1: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V1 lt dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M;
- Th nghim 2: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V2 lt dung dch AgNO3 0,1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c hai th nghim u bng nhau.
Gi tr ca V1 so vi V2 l
A. V1 = V2.
B. V1 = 10V2. C. V1 = 5V2. D. V1 = 2V2.
(Trch thi TSH khi B nm 2008)
HNG DN GII
Phng trnh ha hc: Fe + Cu(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Cu
(1)
Mol:
V1<-------- V1 -------------------------->V1
Khi lng cht rn sau phn ng: mCu bam - mFe tan = (64 - 56).V1
Phng trnh ha hc: Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(2)
Mol: 0,05.V2<-----0,1.V2 -------------------->0,1.V2
Khi lng cht rn sau phn ng: mAg bam - mFe tan = 0,1.V2.(108 56.0,5)
Theo bi khi lng cht rn thu c l bng nhau:
Ta c: (64 - 56).V1 = 0,1.V2.(108 56.0,5)
Gii ra ta c: V1 = V2. Chn A
MT KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA HN HP MUI.
Cn lu n th t cc phn ng: Ion kim loi trong cc dung dch mui ln lt b kh theo th t gim dn
tnh oxi ha. Ngha l kim loi s tc dng vi ion kim loi c tnh oxi ha mnh trc.
Cu 11: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO 3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,80.
B. 2,16.
C. 4,08.
D. 0,64.
(Trch thi TSH khi B nm 2009)
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: Trong hn hp dung dch gm ion Ag+ v ion Cu2+, m ion Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn nn
phn ng trc, khi Ag+ ht m s mol Fe vn cn th xy ra tip phn ng vi Cu2+.
S mol AgNO3 = nAg + = 0,02 mol; S mol Cu(NO3)2 = nCu2+ = 0,1 mol;
S mol Fe = 0,04 mol
Phng trnh: Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Mol 0,01 <----0,02------------------------->0,02
Sau phn ng Fe cn 0,04 0,01 = 0,03 mol, phn ng tip vi Cu(NO3)2
Fe + Cu(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Cu
(2)
Mol 0,03----->0,03------------------------->0,03
Khi lng rn = mAg + mCu = 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 gam

Chn C

Cu 12: Cho m1 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO 3)2 0,3M v AgNO3 0,3M. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton th thu c m2 gam cht rn X. Nu cho m2 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl
th thu c 0,336 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m1 v m2 ln lt l
A. 8,10 v 5,43.
B. 1,08 v 5,43.
C. 0,54 v 5,16.
D. 1,08 v 5,16.
(Trch thi TSC khi B nm 2009)
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: Trong hn hp dung dch gm ion Ag+ v ion Cu2+, m ion Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn nn
phn ng trc, khi Ag+ ht m s mol Al vn cn th xy ra tip phn ng vi Cu2+. Khi cho m2 gam cht rn X
vo dung dch HCl d to ra kh H2 nn trong X phi c Al d.
S mol AgNO3 = nAg + = 0,03 mol; S mol Cu(NO3)2 = nCu2+ = 0,03 mol;
Phng trnh: Al + 3AgNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3Ag
(1)

Mol 0,01 <----0,03------------------------->0,03


Sau phn ng Fe cn 0,04 0,01 = 0,03 mol, phn ng tip vi Cu(NO3)2
2Al + 3Cu(NO3)2 2Al(NO3)3 + 3Cu
(2)
Mol 0,02<-----0,03----------------------------->0,03
Phng trnh: 2Ald + 2HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Mol
0,01<---------------------------------0,015
Gi tr m1 = mAl = (0,01+0,02+0,01 ).27 = 1,08 gam
Gi tr m2 = mAg + mCu = 0,03.108 + 0,03.64 = 5,16 gam Chn D

Cu 13: Cho 0,2 mol Fe vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,2 mol Fe(NO 3)3 v 0,2 mol AgNO3. Khi phn ng
hon ton, s mol Fe(NO3)3 trong dung dch bng :
A. 0,3.
B. 0,2.
C. 0,4.

D. 0,0.

HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: do ion Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion Fe3+ nn s phn ng vi Fe trc, nu sau phn
ng ny ion Ag+ ht th Fe s tip tc phn ng vi Fe3+.
Phng trnh: Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Mol 0,1<---------0,2----------------------->0,2
Sau phn ng Fe cn 0,2 0,1 = 0,1 mol, phn ng tip vi Fe(NO3)3
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2
(2)
Mol 0,1<--------0,2------------->0,3
Vy sau phn ng Fe(NO3)3 phn ng ht.

Chn D

- p n A: Hc sinh vit phng trnh (1) Fe + 3AgNO 3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3Ag , lc s mol


Fe(NO3)3 to ra l 0,1 + 0,2 (s mol Fe(NO3)3 cha phn ng) = 0,3 mol
- p n B: y l p nhiu nu hc sinh xem nh Fe(NO 3)3 khng phn ng vi Fe, do cn
nguyn trong dung dch.
- p n C: Hc sinh vit phng trnh (1) Fe + 3AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3Ag , v t s mol Fe
vo tnh c Fe(NO3)3 = 0,2 mol v s mol Fe(NO3)3 cha phn ng 0,2 = 0,4 mol.

Cu 14: Cho m (g) bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO3)2 1M v AgNO3 4M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng
thu c dung dch 3 mui ( trong c mt mui ca Fe) v 32,4 g cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,2.
B. 16,8.
C. 8,4.
D. 5,6.
HNG DN GII
- dung dch ch c 1 mui ca Fe th sau phn ng (3) Fe(NO3)2 phi ht v AgNO3 d c dung dch c
3 mui l: Cu(NO3)2 cha phn ng, AgNO3 d, Fe(NO3)3 to ra.
S mol AgNO3 = 0,4 mol; s mol Cu(NO3)2 = 0,1 mol, gi x l s mol ca Fe
Phng trnh: Fe + 2AgNO3 --> Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Mol
x------>2x------------>x--------->2x
Phng trnh: AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
(3)
Mol
x <------------x-------------------------> x
Cht rn gm: Ag: 3x mol; 3x.108 = 32,4 x = 0,1
Khi lng Fe = 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 gam Chn D

Cu 15: Cho m(gam) kim loi Fe vo 1 lt dung dch cha AgNO3 0,1M v

Cu(NO3)2 0,1M. Sau phn ng

ngi ta thu c 15,28g rn v dung dch X. Gi tr ca m l


A. 6,72.
B. 2,80.
C. 8,40.
D. 17,20.
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: do ion Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion Cu2+ nn phn ng trc vi Fe, nhng do cha bit
s mol Fe nn bi ton c th xy ra nhng trng hp sau:
TH1: Ch xy ra phn ng : Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Mol 0,05<-----0,1------------------------->0,1

Khi lng rn = mAg = 0,1 . 108 = 10,8 gam < 15,28 gam
TH2: Xy ra phn ng: Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Mol 0,05<-----0,1------------------------->0,1
Fe + Cu(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Cu
(2)
Mol 0,1<-----0,1------------------------->0,1
Khi lng rn = mAg + mCu = 0,1.108 + 0,1.64 = 17,28 gam > 15,28 gam
Nh vy bi ton xy ra trng hp 3:
TH3: Sau phn ng (2) Fe ht v Cu(NO3)2 d, vi x l s mol Fe tham gia phn ng (2)
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Mol 0,05<-----0,1------------------------->0,1
Fe + Cu(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Cu
(2)
Mol x---------> x -------------------------> x
Khi lng cht rn: mAg + mCu = 0,1.108 + 64.x = 15,28 x = 0,07 mol
Kim tra li: CuSO4 d: 0,1 x = 0,1 0,07 = 0,03 mol
Khi lng Fe: mFe = (0,05 + 0,07).56 = 6,72 gam Chn A
HN HP KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA MT MUI.
Khi cho hn hp kim loi vo dung dch cha 1 mui ta cn ch n th t ca cc phn ng xy ra: Kim
loi no c tnh kh mnh hn s phn ng vi ion kim loi trong dung dch mui trc. Nu sau phn ng ion
kim loi vn cn th phn ng tip vi kim loi c tnh kh mnh tip theo.

Cu 16: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol
Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,40.
B. 16,53.
C. 12,00.
D. 12,80.
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: Do Zn c tnh kh mnh hn Cu nn s phn ng trc vi Fe 3+, y l bi ton
bit trc s mol nn cc phn ng s din ra t t theo ng ngha ca dy in ha: Cht oxi ha
mnh s phn ng vi cht kh mnh to ra cht oxi ha yu hn v cht kh yu hn.
Ta c: Phng trnh khi lng ca hn hp: 65.x + 64.2x = 19,3 x = 0,1 mol
Phng trnh phn ng : Zn + Fe2(SO4)3 2FeSO4 + ZnSO4
(1)
Mol 0,1-------->0,1----------------------->0,1
Sau phn ng: Fe2(SO4)3 cn 0,1 mol, tip tc tc dng vi Cu.
Phng trnh phn ng : Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 2FeSO4 + CuSO4
(2)
Mol 0,1<-------0,1----------------------->0,1
Sau phn ng Cud = 0,2 0,1 = 0,1 mol
Khi lng kim loi: mCu = 0,1 . 64 = 6,4 gam Chn A

Cu 17: Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7gam Al v 5,6gam Fe vo 550ml dung dch AgNO 3 1M. Sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn. Ga tr ca m l (bit th t trong dy th in ha
Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag)
A. 59,4.
B. 64,8.
C. 32,4.
D. 54.
(Trch- i hc khi A nm 2008)
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: Do Al c tnh kh mnh hn Fe nn phn ng trc vi ion Ag + trong dung dch AgNO3.
y l bi ton bit trc cc s mol nn ta ch cn nm ngha ca dy in ha l c th lm c.
Phng trnh: Al + 3AgNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3Ag
(1)
Mol 0,1--------->0,3----------------------->0,3
Sau phn ng AgNO3 cn 0,55 0,3 = 0,25 mol, phn ng tip vi Fe
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(2)
Mol 0,1-------->0,2-------------0,1------> 0,2
Sau phn ng AgNO3 cn 0,25 0,2 = 0,05 mol, phn ng tip vi Fe(NO3)2
Phng trnh: AgNO3 d + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
(3)
Mol 0,05-------->0,05-------------0,05------> 0,05
Khi lng rn m = mAg = (0,3+0,2+0,05).108 = 59,4 gam

Chn A

Cu 18: Cho 29,8 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo 600 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 30,4 gam hn hp kim loi. Phn trm v khi lng ca Fe
trong hn hp ban u l
A. 56,37%.
B. 64,42%.
C. 43,62%.
D. 37,58%.
(Trch- i hc khi A nm 2010)
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: Do Zn c tnh kh mnh hn Fe nn s phn ng trc vi ion Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4.
V bi cha cho bit s mol ca Zn v Fe nn ta phi gii bi ton theo trng hp m sau phn ng thu c
hn hp kim loi.
Ta c th phn tch bi ton trn nh sau: u tin s xy ra
Phng trnh: Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
(1)
V sau phn ng l hn hp kim loi nn sau phn ng (1) Zn d hoc va phn ng, CuSO4 ht. Lc
khi lng Cu thu c, mCu = 0,3.64 = 19,2 gam. Khi lng Zn tham gia phn ng mZn = 0,3 . 65 = 19,5
gam mFe = 10,5 gam m rn = 19,2 + 10,5 = 29,7g.
Nh vy, sau phn ng (1) Zn phi ht, CuSO4 d phn ng tip vi Fe.
Phng trnh: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
(2)
thu c hn hp kim loi th sau phn ng (2) Fe phi d v CuSO4 ht, v bi cho cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton.
Gi a l s mol Zn, b l s mol ca Fe
Phng trnh: Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
(1)
Mol:
a -------->a----------------------------->a
Phng trnh: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
(2)
Mol:
(0,3-a)<--(0,3-a)--------------------->(0,3-a)
30,4 gam hn hp kim loi gm: Cu: 0,3 mol, Fe d: [b (0,3-a)] mol
Ta c h phng trnh:
65a + 56b = 29,8
(*)
64.0,3 + 56.[b (0,3-a)] = 30,4
(*)(*)
Gii (*) v (*)(*) ta c: a= 0,2, b = 0,3

0,3.56
.100 = 56,37% Chn A
29,8
0, 2.56
.100 = 37,58%
- p n D: Hc sinh ly sai s mol ca Fe. %m Fe =
29,8
%m Fe =

- p n C: Hc sinh ly s mol Zn v khi lng nguyn t ca Zn.


%m Fe =

nZn .65
0, 2.65
.100 =
.100 = 43, 62%
29,8
29,8

Cu 19: Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4 Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng lc
b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp bt ban
u l
A. 90,27%.
B. 85,30%.
C. 82,20%.
D. 12,67%.
(Trch i hc khi B nm 2007)
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: V bi cho CuSO4 d nn Zn v Fe phn ng ht
Gi a l s mol Zn, b l s mol ca Fe
Phng trnh: Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
(1)
Mol:
a -------->a----------------------------->a
Phng trnh: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Mol:
b -------->b----------------------------->b
Ta c: 65a + 56b = 64(a + b) a = 8b

(2)
(3)

mZn
65a
65.8b
.100 =
.100 =
.100 = 90, 27%
%m =
mhh
65a + 56b
65.8b + 56b
Zn

Chn A

Cu 20: Cho hn hp rn A gm 5,6 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M khi
phn ng hon ton khi lng cht rn thu c l
A. 21,6 gam.
B. 43,2 gam.
C. 54,0 gam.
D. 64,8 gam.
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: Do Fe c tnh kh mnh hn Cu nn phn ng trc vi ion Ag + trong dung dch AgNO3.
y l bi ton bit trc cc s mol nn ta ch cn nm ngha ca dy in ha l c th lm c.
Phng trnh: Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(1)
Mol
0,1------->0,2---------->0,1-------->0,2
Sau phn ng AgNO3 cn 0,6 0,2 = 0,4 mol, phn ng tip vi Cu
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(2)
Mol 0,1-------->0,2-------------0,1------> 0,2
Sau phn ng AgNO3 cn 0,4 0,2 = 0,2 mol, phn ng tip vi Fe(NO3)2
Phng trnh: AgNO3 d + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
(3)
Mol 0,1<-----------0,1-----------------------> 0,1
Khi lng rn mAg = (0,2+0,2+0,1).108 = 54 gam Chn C
HN HP KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA HN HP MUI.
i vi dng bi tp ny c rt nhiu trng hp c th xy ra, v do bit s mol nn ta p
dng nh lut bo ton electron gii.

Cu 21: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+v 1 mol Ag+ n khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr
no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A. 1,8.
B. 1,5.
C. 1,2.
D. 2,0.
HNG DN GII
Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c
Qa trnh cho electron
Mg Mg2+ + 2e
Mol: 1,2--------------->2,4
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
Mol: x----------------> 2x
nelectron cho=2,4+2x

Qa trnh nhn electron


Ag+ + 1e Ag
Mol : 1------> 1
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Mol : 2------>4
nelectron nhn= 1+4 = 5 mol

p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c: 2,4 + 2x= 5 x = 1,3 mol


Cu 22: Dung dch X c cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 c cng nng . Thm mt lng hn hp gm
0,03 mol Al v 0,05 mol Fe vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn
Y gm 3 kim loi. Cho Y vo HCl d gii phng 0,07 gam kh. Nng mol/lt ca hai mui l
A. 0,30.
B. 0,40 .
C. 0,63.
D. 0,42.
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: v cht rn Y tc dng vi HCl d to kh H2 suy ra phi c Al hoc Fe d.
Al + 3AgNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3Ag
(1)
Sau phn ng (1) Al d phn ng tip vi Cu(NO3)2 to ra Cu
(2)
Sau phn ng (2) nu Al d s c 4 kim loi: Ald, Fe cn nguyn, Ag to ra, Cu to ra.
Nu phn ng (2) va ch c 2 kim loi sau phn ng l Ag to ra, Cu to ra.
Nh vy c c 3 kim loi sau phn ng th thc hin xong phn ng (2) Al ht v tip theo phn
ng c th dng li Fe cn nguyn (2 kim loi to ra l Cu v Ag) hoc Fe c th tham gia tip cc
phn ng vi Ag+ v Cu2+ ri d.
Khi rn Y tc dng vi HCl ch c Fe phn ng:
Fed + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
Mol 0,035<---------------------------0,035
Lng Fe tham gia phn ng vi mui l: 0,05 0,035 = 0,015 mol
Gi x (M) l nng mol/l ca 2 dung dch mui AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2

Ta c 2 qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau:


Qa trnh cho electron
Al Al3+ + 3e
Mol: 0,03---------->0,09
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
Mol: 0,015--------> 0,03
nelectron cho= 0,09 + 0,03 = 0,12 mol

Qa trnh nhn electron


Ag+ + 1e Ag
Mol : 0,1---->0,1x
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Mol : 0,1---->0,2x
nelectron nhn= 0,3x mol

p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c: 0,12 = 0,3x x = 0,4 mol Chn B.


Cu 23: Hn hp gm 0,02mol Fe v 0,03 mol Al phn ng va vi dung dch cha ng thi x mol
AgNO3 v y mol Cu(NO3)2 to ra 6,44g rn. x v y ln lt c gi tr l:
A. 0,05 v 0,04.
B. 0,03 v 0,05.
C. 0,01 v 0,06.
D. 0,07 v 0,03.
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: v bi cho phn ng l va
Ta c 2 qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau:
Qa trnh cho electron
Al Al3+ + 3e
Mol: 0,03---------->0,09
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
Mol: 0,02--------> 0,04
nelectron cho= 0,09 + 0,04 = 0,13 mol

Qa trnh nhn electron


Ag+ + 1e Ag
Mol : x------->x---->x
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Mol : y----->2y----->y
nelectron nhn= x + 2y

p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c: x + 2y = 0,13 (1)


Ngoi ra: 108.x + 64.y = 6,44 (2)
Gii (1) v (2) ta c: x = 0,03 , y = 0,05 Chn B.

Cu 24: Ha tan mt hn hp cha 0,1 mol Mg v 0,1 mol Al vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,1 mol Cu(NO3)2
v 0,35 mol AgNO3. Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th khi lng (gam) cht rn thu c l
A. 21,6.
B. 37,8.
C. 42,6.
D. 44,2.
HNG DN GII
Nhn xt: v bi khng cho phn ng va
Ta c 2 qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau:
Qa trnh cho electron
Qa trnh nhn electron
3+
+
Al Al + 3e
Ag + 1e Ag
Mol: 0,1------------>0,3
Mol : 0,35--->0,35
Mg Mg2+ + 2e
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Mol: 0,1--------------> 0,2
Mol : 0,1---->0,2
nelectron nhn= 0,55 mol
nelectron cho= 0,5 mol

p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta thy: s mol elecetron nhn ln hn s mol electron cho do ta c
Qa trnh nhn electron
Ag+ + 1e Ag
Mol : 0,35----->0,35---->0,35
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Mol : 0,075<-----0,15--->0,075
nelectron nhn= 0,5 mol
Khi lng rn = mAg + mCu = 0,35.108 + 0,075.64 = 42,6 Chn C.

You might also like