BI TP CHNG ANKAN

Dng 1: T CTCT c tn ankan v ngc li t tn ankan vit CTCT.

1.1

c tn cc ankan sau :

a,
b,
c,
d,
1.2

Vit CTCT ca cc ankan sau :

a, 2,2 imetylpropan

c, 1 clo 4 etylhexan

b, 2,2,3 trimetylbutan

d, 2,4-dietyl-2-metylhexan

Dng 2 : Xc nh cc ng phn ca ankan

V d : Vit CTCT v c tn cc ng phn ca C5H12

Dng 3 : Tm CTPT v vit CTCT ca ankan da vo t l % nguyn t Halogen chim trong

phn t ankan.
3.1 : Mt ankan to c dn xut monoclo trong clo chim 33,33% v khi lng. Xc
nh CTPT ca ankan.
3.2 : Cho ankan A tc dng brom thu c mt dn xut cha brom c t khi i vi khng kh
bng 5,207. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn ca ankan A.

D ng 4 : Phn ng chy ca Ankan

Vi 1 ankan:
CnH2n+2 +

3n 1
O2
nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
2

Vi hn hp ankan ta gi n ( n trung bnh ) v c cng thc

CnH2n+2 +

3n 1
O2
nCO2 + (n+1) H2O
2

Suy ra: ankan khi chy cho nCO nH 2O v nankan nH 2O nCO 2

2

C th tnh s mol hn hp (x, y) da vo n v phng php ng cho

m n

n
m

o c bit

n n

m n

x mol

y mol

x
=

n n

Nu trong hn hp: nA = nB th n =

n m
2

4.1 t chy 1 ankan : Oxi ha hon ton hydrocacbon X c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc) v 2,16 gam
H2O. Xc nh CTCT v tn ca X bit clo ha X theo t l mol 1:1 to 4 sn phm th.
4.2 t chy 1 ankan : . t chy hon ton mt Hidrocacbon X phi cn 1,792 lit Oxi (ktc),
sau phn ng dn sn phm qua bnh nc vi trong d khi lng bnh tng 3,28 gam. Xc
nh cng thc phn t ca X .
4.3 t chy 1 ankan: t chy hon ton m (g) hn hp gm
CH4,C3H8,C4H10 th thu -c 17,6 g CO2 v 10,8 g H2O.Tnh m.
4.4 t chy hn hp ankan : t chy hon ton hn hp A gm hai ankan thu c 3,36 lt
CO2 (ktc) v 3,96 gam H2O. Tnh th tch oxi tham gia phn ng ( ktc).
4.5 t chy hn hp ankan : t chy hon ton V lt (kc) hn hp 2 hydrocacbon l ng
ng lin tip nhau, sn phm chy thu c c t l th tch CO2 v H2O l 12 : 23. Tm CTPT
v % th tch ca mi hydrocacbon.
4.6 t chy hn hp ankan : t chy hon ton 5,55g hn hp 2 ankan thu c 9,45 gam
H2O. Cho sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c m (g) kt ta .Tnh m.
4.7 t chy hn hp ankan : t chy hon ton V lt (kc) hn hp 2 hydrocacbon l ng
ng lin tip nhau, sn phm chy t t cho qua bnh 1 ng CaCl2 khan v bnh 2 ng KOH
d th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 14,4 gam, bnh 2 tng 22 gam. Tm CTPT v % th tch ca
mi hydrocacbon.

Dng 5 : Phn ng cracking :

t , xt
- ANKAN
ANKAN b hn + ANKEN b hn
o

t , xt

ANKEN
o

b hn + H2

Nhn xt
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng
mankan ban dau = mankan sau
hoc khi to H2 mankan ban dau = m anken sau + m H2
t chy ankan ban u c bao nhiu CO2 v H2O th t chy hn
hp sau cng thu c nh th.