Thit k mn hc kh nn

Bi tp thit k mn hc kh nn
H thng iu khin kh nn, in kh nn.
Gio vin hng dn: TRN VN KHI Sinh vin thc hin: NGUYN C NHT

**************

Thit k mn hc kh nn

MC LC *************
TRANG 3: TRANG 7: TRANG 8: vi nt v kh nn. Cng ngh 4: iu khin my khoan taro. Trnh t cng ngh.

TRANG 9:

Biu chu trnh.

TRANG 10:

Biu chia tng.

TRANG 12:

Cc phn t kh nn.

TRANG 11:

S mch logic iu khin.

TRANG 15:

Mch iu khin xy lanh A.

TRANG 16:

Mch iu khin xy lanh B.

TRANG 17:

Mch iu khin xy lanh C.

TRANG 18:

Mch iu khin ng c khoan M2.

TRANG 19:

Mch iu khin ng c taro M3.

TRANG 20:

Mch iu khin phn tng. 2

Thit k mn hc kh nn

VI NT V KH NN
I. vi nt v s pht trin ca k thut kh nn

ng dng kh nn bt u t trc cng nguyn. V d: nh trit hc Hi Lp Ktesibios ( nm 140 trc cng nguyn ) v hc tr ca ng l Heron ( nm 100 trc cng nguyn ) ch to ra thit b bn tn hay nm kh nn ( hnh 1.1 ). Dy cung c cng bng p suet kh trong 2 xi lanh thng qua hai n by ni vi hai Piston ca hai xi lanh . Khi bung dy cung ra, p sut ca khng kh nn lm tng vn tc bay ca mi tn. Sau mt s sng ch ca Klesibios v Heron nh: thit b ng, m ca bng kh nn; Bm song phun la cng c sng ch trong thi k ny. Khi nim Pneumatical cng c dng trong thp k ny. T Pneumatic xut pht t ting c Hy Lp c ngha l gi, hi th, cn trong trit hc c ngha l linh hn. Thut ng Pneuma ch mt nghnh khoa hc v kh ng hc v cc hin tng lin quan c c kt. Tuy nhin s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut thi k khng ng b, nht l s kt hp cc kin thc v c hc, vt l, vt liu cn thiu, cho nn phm vi ng dng ca kh nn cn rt hn ch. MI cho n th k 17, k s ch to ngi c Otto von Guerike ( 1602 1686 ), nh ton hc v trit hc ngi Php Blaise Pascal ( 1623 1662 ), cng nh nh vt l ngi Php Denis Papin ( 1647 1712 ) xy dung nn nn tng c bn ng dng kh nn. Trong th k 19, cc my mc thit b s dng nng lng kh nn ln lt c pht minh, nh: th vn chuyn trong ng bng kh nn (1835) ca Josef Ritter ( Australia ), phanh bng kh nn ( 1880 ), ba tn inh bng kh nn ( 1861 ). Trong lnh vc xy dng ng hm xuyn dy ni Anper Thu S ( 1857 ) ln u tin ngi ta s dng kh nn vi cng sut ln. Vo nhng nm 70 ca th k 19 xut hin ti Pari mt trung tm s dng nng lng kh nn ln vi cng suet 7350 KW. Kh nn c vn chuyn ti ni tiu th trong ng ng vi ng knh 500 mm v di nhiu km. Ti kh nn c nung nng ln nhit t 500C n 1500C tng cng suet truyn ng ng c, cc thit b ba hi

Vi s pht trin mnh m ca nng lng in, vai tr s dng nng lng bng kh nn b gim. Tuy nhin vic s dng nng lng bng kh nn vn ng mt vai tr ct yu nhng lnh vc , m khi s dng nng lng in s nguy him, s dng nng lng bng kh nn nhng dng c nh, nhng truyn ng vi vn tc ln, s dng nng lng bng kh nn nhng thit b nh ba hI, dng c dp ,tn inh, v nhiu nht l cc dng c, g kp cht trong cc my. Thi gian sau chin tranh th gii th hai, vic ng dng nng lng bng kh nn trong k thut iu khin pht trin mnh m. Vi nhng ng c, thit b, phn t kh nn mi c sng ch v c ng dung vo nhiu lnh vc khc nhau, s kt hp gia kh nn vi in - in t l nhn t quyt nh cho s pht trin ca k thut iu khin trong tng lai. Hng FESTO (c) c nhng chng trnh pht trin h thng iu khin bng kh nn rt a dng, khng nhng phc v cho cng nghip m cn phc v cho s pht trin ca cc phng tin dy hc ( Diactic ).
II. c im, tnh cht ca khng kh nn.

- S lng: c th coi l v tn. - Vic vn chuyn: c th c lu thng d dng trong cc ng ng dn, vi mt khong cch nht nh. ng hi v khng cn thit v kh nn sau khi cng tc c thot ra ngoi mi trng. - Lu tr: My nn kh khng nht thit phi hot ng lin tc. Khng kh nn c lu tr trong cc bnh cha, c lp ni trong h thng ng dn cung cp cho s dng khi cn thit. - Nhit : Khng kh nn t b thay i theo nhit - Chng chy n: Khng c nguy c gy chy bi kh nn nn khng tn ph v phng chy. Hot ng vi p sut khong 6 7 bar nn vic phng n khng qu phc tp. - Mc sch: Khng kh nn sch ngay c trong trng hp lu thng trong cc ng ng hay thit b. Khng mt nguy c gy bn no phi lo ti. iu ny c bit cn thit trong cc ngnh cng nghip thc phm, vi si, lm sn, thuc da,

- Cu to trang thit b: n gin nn c gi thnh thp. - Vn tc: Khng kh c th lu thng vi tc rt cao.Vn tc cng tc ca cc xi lanh nn thng trong khong 1 n 2 m/s, trong mt s trng hp c th t ti 5 m/s. - Tnh d iu chnh: Vn tc v p lc ca nhng thit b cng tc dng kh nn c iu chnh mt cch v cp. - Vn qu ti: Cc cng c v thit b kh nn m nhn ti trng cho n khi chng dng hn, cho nn khng xy ra qu ti. phn bit mt cch cn k cc lnh vc p dng k thut kh nn, cn phi bit cc tnh cht khng th khng ch trng n sau y: - Cch x l: Khng kh nn phI c chun n sao cho khng cha bi bn, tp cht v nc v chng lm cho cc phn t kh nn chng mn. - Tnh chu nn: Khng kh c tnh nn c, cho php thay i v iu chnh vn tc ca Piston. - Lc tc dng: Khng kh c nn s khng kinh t nu cha t c mt cng suet nht nh, p suet lm vic thng c chp nhn l 7 bar. Lc tc dng c gii hn trong khong 20.000 n 30.000 N ( 2000 n 3000 kp ). ln ca lc tc dng cn ph thuc vo vn tc v hnh trnh. - Thot kh: Khng kh nn x ra ngoi to m thanh gy n, nhng nh cc b gim thanh gn tong ng thot nn vn ny c gii quyt. - Gi thnh: Khng kh nn l mt ngun nng lng di do, n gin v sn c nn h thng s dng c gi thnh thp.

Thit k mn hc kh nn

Cng ngh 4: iu khin my khoan taro.

S quy trnh cng ngh:

Control panel

running on S01 S02 Xy lanh taro off

fault start

Ca che chn v bo v

S03

S04 Xy lanh khoan M3 M2 S06 S05

Xy lanh chuyn v khoan taro

M2: ng c khoan M3: ng c taro

S00

B chi tit

chi tit gia cng

Tay g kp chi tit

Thit k mn hc kh nn

Trnh t cng ngh:

Khi ngi vn hnh kp chi tit vo khung gi, ng ca chn li. nhn nt start th xy lanh iu khin c iu khin, piston khoan dch chuyn vi tc nhanh. n cm bin hnh trnh S03 th piston c iu khin chy vi tc chm. ng thi ng c khoan cng c iu khin lm vic. khi piston dch chuyn ti v tr cm bin S04 th piston khoan li v n v tr S02 th ng c khoan ngng quay. Xy lanh iu khin hon i xy lanh taro vo v tr lm vic. Trnh t taro tng t nh trnh t khoan, piston taro dch chuyn nhanh ti v tr cm bin S03 th dch chuyn vi tc chm, ng c taro c cp in lm vic, n khi piston taro chm cm bin hnh trnh S04 th piston taro li v n S02 th ng c taro ngng quay, xy lanh hon chuyn v tr khoan taro hi v trng thi ban u. ngi vn hnh m ca chn m kp ly chi tit ra. Trong qu trnh lm vic c 2 n bo m t trng thi ca h thng. n sang bo h thng ang c s c, n xanh sng m t h thng ang lm vic tt. n xanh sng nhp nhy vi tn s 1 hz bo trng thi h thng ang trong qu trnh khoan taro. iu khin h thng lm vic: Tt c cc xy lanh u hi v v trng thi ban u. p lc xy lanh phi ln . Trong qu trinh khoan taro ca chn phi c ng.

Thit k mn hc kh nn

XL C

XL B

XL A

BIU QUY TRNH

Thit k mn hc kh nn
S04 S04

A+

B+

S03

S03

S05

A+

A-

C+

B+

B-

C-

S02 I II

S06

S02 III

Hnh 1

Biu chia tng

Biu logic cc tn hiu tc ng v cc tn hiu chuyn tng
A+ = T A+ = T *S03 A= T B+ = T*S06 B+ = T*S03 B= T C+ = S02*T C- = S04*T e = S00*S01*S02*S05*T*PB e = S04*T e = S04*T M2 = S03*T + S04*T M3 = S03*T + S04*T

Thit k mn hc kh nn

S mch logic iu khin.

10

Thit k mn hc kh nn

Cc phn t kh nn.
van 3 ca 2 trng THAI
A X 1 P 0 R Y

Khi c tn hiu Y th ca ngun P thng vi ca A. Khi c tn hiu X th ca A ni thng vi ca x R.

van O CHIU 4 ca 2 trng thI IU KHIN BNG KH NN

A B
1 0

- Hot ng: Gi s tn hiu cui cng tc ng trong ln s dng trc l tn hiu cp vo ca Y, khi van c trng thi 0, trng thi ny ca lm vic B c ni thng vi ca ni ngun P, ca lm vic A ni thng vi ca x R. Nu c tn hiu t ca X tc ng th cht van b y sang tri, van chuyn sang trng thi 1, khi ca ngun P ni thng vi ca A, ca B ni thng vi ca x R cn ca x R th b chn.

Thit k mn hc kh nn

11

VAN LOGIC OR
-

K hiu:

- Hot ng : Khi cp ngun kh nn vo ca P1 hoc ca P2 hoc c hai ca P1 v P2 th ca ra A c kh nn - Chc nng: Lm phn t x l v iu khin trong mch iu khin kh nn. C kh nng t duy tr trng thi khi c tn hiu tc ng.

VAN LOGIC AND K hiu:

A P1 P2

- Hot ng : Khi cp ngun kh nn vo ca P1 cht van b y sang phi chn kn ng kh thng ra ca A v vy u ra A khng c kh nn, tng t vy khi ca P2 c kh th ca ra A cng khng c kh, ch khi c hai ca P1 v P2 c kh th cht van c gi cn bng gia v khi ca ra A c kh nn. - Chc nng:Lm phn t x l v iu khin trong mch iu khin kh nn. C kh nng t duy tr trng thi khi c tn hiu tc ng.

Thit k mn hc kh nn

Phn t NOT - Van o chiu 3/2 c v tr "khng", ti v tr "khng" cng tn hiu ra A ni vi ngun P. Khi cha c tn hiu vo a=0, ca A ni vi ca P. Khi c tn hiu vo a=1, van o chiu i v tr , ca A b chn v khng c kh.

12

P a=0 a= 1

A=1

A=0

13

Thit k mn hc kh nn

Mch iu khin xy lanh A.

Nguyn l hot ng: iu kin hot ng l cc xy lanh u v tr ban u. Khi nhn nt start, tng T c v van o chiu 4/2 b tc ng xy lanh A dich chuyn nhanh sang phi nh ngun cp phi. Khi cm bin s03 c cng vi T xy lanh A chuyn ng sang phi vi tc gim mt na nh ngun cp tri. Ban u khi ch c T th ngun cp phi thng, ngun cp tri ng. Ngun phi c iu khin bng phn t NOT (iu khin bng kh nn) m khi khng c tn hiu kh nn tc ng v ng khi c tin hiu kh nn tc ng. Ngun tri c iu khin bi van o chiu 3/2 iu khin bng kh nn. Khi c T v cm bin S03 cng tc ng th kh nn s qua phn t AND tc ng m van o chiu 3/2 v ng phn t NOT Khi T c xy lanh A di chuyn nhanh sang tri nh ngun cp phi. 14

Thit k mn hc kh nn

Mch iu khin xy lanh B.

Nguyn l hot ng: Khi cm bin S06 tc ng v tn hiu t T c van o chiu 4/2 b tc ng th xy lanh B s dch chuyn nhanh sang phi nh ngun cp phi (tng t nh xy lanh A) Khi cm bin s03 c cng vi T c xy lanh B chuyn ng sang phi vi tc gim mt na nh ngun cp tri. Ban u khi ch c T v S06 th ngun cp phi thng, ngun cp tri ng. Ngun phi c iu khin bng phn t NOT (iu khin bng kh nn) m khi khng c tn hiu kh nn tc ng v ng khi c tin hiu kh nn tc ng. Ngun tri c iu khin bi van o chiu 3/2 iu khin bng kh nn. Khi c T v cm bin S03 cng tc ng th kh nn tc ng m van o chiu 3/2 v ng phn t NOT Khi T c xy lanh di chuyn nhanh sang tri nh ngun cp phi.

15

Thit k mn hc kh nn

Mch iu khin xy lanh C.

Nguyn l hot ng: Khi T c v cm bin s02 c b tc ng th xy lanh dich chuyn sang phi. Khi T c v cm bin s02 b tc ng th c xy lanh dich chuyn sang tri.

16

Thit k mn hc kh nn

Mch iu khin xy lanh M2.

Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi T c v cm bin s03( hoc s04) c tc ng th ng c khoan c hot ng. Khi cc cm bin thi tc ng th ngun cp cng b ngt ng c ngng quay.

17

Thit k mn hc kh nn

Mch iu khin xy lanh M3.

Nguyn l hot ng: Khi T c v cm bin s03( hoc s04) c tc ng th ng c taro c khi ng. Khi cc cm bin thi tc ng th ngun cp cng b ngt v ng c ngng quay.

18

Thit k mn hc kh nn

Mch iu khin tng.

I II III

Nguyn l hot ng: Kch hot tng I: khi cc cm bin s00, s01, s02, s05 b tc ng v nt start c n. y khng cn phn t duy tr v h thng lm vic khng lien tc, sau mi chu k ngi cng nhn phi ly sn phm c gia cng ra. Kch hot tng II: khi cm bin s04 c kt hp vi tng I c trc . Kch hot tng III: khi cm bin s04 c kt hp vi tng II c trc .

19