MHNHKIMCNGCAPORTER

PHNI:LLUNCBN
I.NHNGYUTXCNHVNHNGBINBNNGOI
MhnhKimCngcaPorterttrncsnhngyutxcnhringcabnyutv2
yutbinthinbnngoi,nhngyutxcnhbaogm:
1.Nhngiukinvnhnlc:
Slng,knngvnhngchiphvnhnlc
Sphongphchtlngvchiphcanhngngunvtchtcaqucgia:tai,nc,cht
qungm,g,ngunnnglngthuin,tinguyn,thusn
Vnkinthccaqucgia:nnkhoahckthutvnhngamhiuthtrngnhhngn
chtlngvslnghnghovdchv
Slngvchiphvvncsnivingnhcngnghiptichnh
Chngloi,chtlngvchiphsdngcccshtng:hthnggiaothngvnchuyn
qucgia,hthngtruynthng,hthngchmscsckhe.
Nhngyutkhctcngtrctipnchtlngcucsngtrongnc.
2.Nhngiukinvnhucu
Scuthnhcaccnhucutithtrngaphngmnphnnhbicckhacnhth
trng,tnhchttinhvicangimuavnhucucangimuatithtrngaphngtt
nhthnoivinhngngimuakhctithtrngnckhc
Kchcvmcphttrinvnhucutimtnc
Nhngcchlmchonhucuniacqucthovanhngsnphmvdchvra
ncngoi.
3.Nhngngnhcngnghiphtrvlinquan.

Shindincaccngnhcngnghipcnhtranhqucttonnnhnguvittrongcc
ngnhcngnghiphiuquhn,tinnhanhnchiphsnxuthiuqu
Nhngngnhcngnghiplinquanmangtnhcnhtranhquctcthphihpvchias
cchotngtrongchuimcxchkhincnhtranh.
4.Chinlc,cutrccaccxnghipvscnhtranh
Baogmcccpiuhnhxnghipvcchncnhtranh
Nhngmctiumcccngtycngnhnhngnhnvinvccnhqunltmkimt

c
Nhngknhchcnhtranhniavnhngsngtovsbnbvnhnguthcnhtranh
trongtngngnhcngnghip.
Bnyutxcnhvnhnguvitcamtqucgiatonnmitrngcnhtranhcacc
ngnhcngnghip.Tuyvy2yutkhc:nhngchi,vnmayrivchnhphcngng
vaitrquantrng:
a)Vaitrvchi,vnmayri
Nhngskinvvnmayricthxobnhnguthca1snhcnhtranhmtvth
cnhtranhtngthbinhngphttrinnh:nhngphtminhmi,nhngquytnhvchnhtr
caccchnhphncngoi,cccucchintranh,ccthayiquantrngtrongccthtrng
tichnhthgii,haytgihioi,vicngngtrvchiphuvonhcccscvdula,
lnsngnhucutrongkhuvcvthgiitngln,vnhngtphvcngnghtrngyu.
b)Vaitrcachnhph
Chnhphcthtcngnttc4yutxcnhquacchnhngnh:trcp,chnh
schgiodc,ccquynhhaybibccquynhtrongthtrngvn,thnhlpcctiu
chunvquynhvsnphmaphng,muacchnghovdchv,cclutthu,vcc
quynhvchngcquyn.
Hnhnhsauycungcpmtminhhovmththngtondinvnhngyutxcnhv
ccbinngbnngoi.Mibinxcnhnhhngnccbinxcnhkhcvttcn
ltmnhbnhhngbivaitrcachnhphvccvnmayri.
II.PHBNHVNHGIVMHNH
Trongvicngdngmhnhnychochinlckinhdoanhquct,utinchngtaphibnh
lunvnhgikiumumhnhcaPortervcctranhlunhtr.
Trctin,mhnhcaPortercthitktrncsphntchthngkccdliutphpvi
ccthphnxutkhuca10nc:anMch,,Nht,Singapore,HnQuc,Thuin,Thu
S,Anh,Mvc.Ccnghincuvcctrnghptronglchs,vbnngnhcngnghip,
cngnghipinncac,ngnhcngnghipthitbkimsotcaM,ngnhcngnghip
ltca,ngnhcngnghipvngimycaNht,trongmitrnghp,mincvalmt
thnhvincalinminhtaybahaylmtqucgiacngnghipho.Khimhuhtccnc
trnthgiikhngcmtscmnhkinhtgingnhvyhaykhnggiucnhnhngnc
mPorternghincu,thkhngchcrngmhnhcangcthpdngchoccncm
khngcsbsunghiuchnh.
Thhai,chnhphctmquantrngtrongvicnhhngnuthcnhtranhcancch

nh.Vdnhchnhphcthsdngcchngronhlngncntrctiptrngpht
ccxnghipncngoi.Tuyvy,nhnghnhngcmcchttnhvycachnhphc
thtcdngngclivktthcvictolpmtngnhcngnghipniacchechmn
khngckhnngcnhtranhtrnthtrngthgii.
Thba,mcdyutrimaylmttnhhngquantrngnchinlckinhdoanhquc
t,nhngnkhcthdonvbovchngli.VdnhtrckhiSaddamHusseinxm
lckhuKuwaitvonm1991,Mvndonlskhngcxmlcny.Tngtnhvy,
nhngtphvcngnghmytnhvintgiadngdnnnhngthayinhanh
chngmtrongnhiutrnghpccnhlnhohngutrnthtrngkhngdon
c.
Tht,trongvicnghincukinhdoanhquctmhnhcaPorterpdngtrnccnghin
curingbitvcccngtychkhngphitrnnhnghoncnhcamtqucgia.NhPorter
cngghichtrongcunschcamnh,ccxnghip,khngphiccqucgia,cnhtranh
trongnhngthtrngquct.
Thnm,trongvichtrmhnhny,Porterphchobngiaionringbitvphttrin
cnhtranhcaccqucgiagm:nhhngccnhnt,nhhngut,nhhngi
mi,nhhnggiuc.
NHHNGNHNT(SINGAPORE)>NHHNGUT(HNQUC)>NH
HNGIMI(NHT,,THYIN)>NHHNGGIUC(C,M,ANH)
Bngiaionphttrincuccqucgiav
vtrhinticumtsncinhnh

Tronggiaionnhhungnhnt,nhngngnhcngnghipthnhcngstonhnguvit
canhunhnctnhngyutcbncasnxutnhnguntinguynthinnhin
vvnngunlclaongrvdido.Mcdnhngthnhcngmangtnhchtquct
nhngccngnhcngnghipcnhtranhutinvgic.Tronggiaionnhhngut,
cccngtyutviccphngtincngnghhiuqu,hinivthchincithin
nhngutquanhngcitinvlunphinnhau.Tronggiaionimi,ccxnghipthc
hintoracccngnghmivphngphpthngquavicimitrongxnghipv
thngquashtrcaccnhcungcpvccxnghipkhctrongcngngnhcngnghip.
Tronggiaiongiuc,ccxnghipbtumtnhnguthcnhtranhcah,thikcnh
tranh,vngcthcyutixung.TrongmhnhtrnPortertinrngSingaporetrong
giaionnhhngnhnt,HnQuctronggiaionnhhngut,NhtBntronggiai
onnhhngimi,cvMgiagiaionnhhngutvgiuc,Anhgiai
onnhhnggiuc.Khimgiaionphttrinnhhnglnncccnhtranhtrong
nc,ccvtrcaccnctronghnhtrnlthct.Cmtlogiclccncdichuyntmt
giaionnysangmtgiaionkhchnlbccuhaihaynhiugiaionbivcthcc

ngnhcngnghipvcccngtytrongttcccnnkinhtanghotngmttrongcc
giaionny.
Thsu,Porterllunrngchcbphnutncngoikhngbingiithkhngbao
gilmtgiiphpivivncnhtranhcamtqucgia.Hnna,ccchinhnhca
nhngcngtyncngoikhngphilnhnguimchokhnngcnhtranhvuttri
rngthngchrarngtintrnhnngcpcnhtranhtrongmtnnkinhtlhontonkhng
khomnhbivccxnghiptrongnhiungnhcngnghipkhngckhnngccvtrca
htrnthtrngtrichngliccxnghipncngoi.Nhngtuynbnyangcvnv
bbcbtrongphnny.Vd,ccnhncngoiCanadanhlSafarian,Rugmanv
CrooKellcttcnhngminhhorngnghincuvphttrinmnhnbicccngtyvn
ncngoithkhngkhcbitngkvicccngtyvncaCanada.ThmvoRugman
phthinrng20chinhnhcngtyMlnnhtCanadaxutkhuhunhbngvimc
hnhpkhu(xutkhukinhdoanhl25%,trongkhimcnhpkhukinhdoanhl26%).
Thby,nhtrongmhnh2,strngcyvoccnguntinguynqucgia(giaionnh
hngnhnt)cPorterxemxtlkhngytolpcnhtranhquct.Tuyvy,
Canadalmtinhnh,phttrinmtsccxnghipchuynnhnguthtngi
catncvtinguynthnhccxnghipgicquynvinhnguvitringbittrong
cngnghipchbinvtinhlcvylnhnguvitcthtntic.Hnna,nghincu
cctrnghpcamtscngtyaqucgianh:Alcan,NorandavNovaminhhocc
phngphpccnhqunlcacccngtydatrncsnguntinguynthchin.
Thtm,mhnhPorterkhngnhmynvaitrcacccngtyaqucgia.Nhngnh
nghincunhl:Dunningnghnhnghotngaqucgiacxemnhlmtbin
bnngoithba.Chcchncmtldotttcuhilhotngcacccngtyquc
giaccbaogmtrongyutxcnhcachinlc,cutrcvcnhtranhcacngty
khng,vvinhnghincunngcuhillmthnoyutxcnhcthbaogm
nhngngnhcngnghiptoncuvaqucgia.NhlDunningnhnxtcnhngbng
chngphongphtinrngscnhtranhcacngtyaqucgiabnhhngbicuhnh
camhnhkimcngngoitrtinch.
Vd,Nestletc95%kinhdoanhbnngoiThuS.VvykimcngThuSvnhng
uvitcnhtranhslinquannnhngncmNestlehotng.ylsthtkhngch
chocccngtyaqucgiaThuSmcncho95%caccngtyaqucgiatrnthgii.V
dnh,hunhttccccngtyaqucgialncaCanadatincyvocngvickinhdoanh
camnhtiMvnhngthtrngth3khc.Nhiungitranhlunrngmhnhkimcng
caMclinquannnhiucngtyaqucgiacaCanadahnlmhnhkimcngring
caCanada,hn70%kinhdoanhcacngtyaqucgiaCanadadinraM.Nhngqucgia
khcccccngtyaqucgiadatrncsnhngmhnhkimcngnhgmUc,PhnLan
vhuhtccncChuMLaTinhvChucngnhmtlotccncnhkhc.Ngayc
nhngqucgianhtrongkhiEUnhanMchckhnngvtquanhngkhkhncamt
thtrngnianhquaviccgnglmttrongnhngthtrngtayba.Vvytrongvicp

dngkhungmhnhcaPorterivivickinhdoanhquctdinrng,mtktlunkhngth
bcbcl:nhngmhnhvikimcngkhcnhaucnccutrcvphntchcho
nhngnckhcnhau.