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Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011

i b
m di qua, d i m a r i, em mong ch anh t i
Cy c hoa nh ni nn l i em h nh phc nh t i
Lng em ring bi t c yu anh, gi a tnh i l a ta,
M t dng sng sng n c long lanh, i b u cch xa.
Trn dng sng, sng i nhau, thin nga a trn sng
Bn b sng vai snh vai nhau, i i b c theo dng
Mnh em ring ng ngng trng anh, v i tnh yu thi t tha
M t dng sng sng n c long lanh, i b u cch xa.
m d n qua nh ban mai ang lan trn dng t i.
Trn b sng soi bng em di, xa xa pha chn tr i.
Mnh em ring th m thi t yu anh, v i ni m tin thi t tha.
M t dng sng sng n c long lanh, i b u cch xa.
Mnh em ring th m thi t yu anh, v i ni m tin thi t tha.
M t dng sng sng n c long lanh, i b u cch xa. BI VIT GINH TNG TT C MI NGI .
NHNG BN ANG L HC SINH VI NIM KHT KHAO C C KIN THC HAY V B
CH V VI LNG QUYT TM THI H
NHNG THY C GIO TM HUYT GINH TT C TNH YU THNG QU MN I VI
HC SINH.
NHNG BN TR I GIA S GIP CH CHO VIC TRUYN T KIN THC CHO MI NGI.
MNH ANG C K HOCH TNG HP CHUYN TON L HA V C TH THM
TING ANH SINH VI CC CCH GII N GIN , D DNG , MO , PHNG PHP
TH H I SAU NHNG NGI CON CA VIT NAM NNG TM TRI THC .
GIP CHO CC BN HC SINH C TH THI H VI IM S CAO .
Sau y l mt s chuyn mnh ang son.
Link down tng hp cc chuyn .
http://www.mediafire.com/?ze7fxubr185639g
Link down load cc chuyn ring:
CHUYN 1 I CNG HA HC HU C
http://www.mediafire.com/?t4gime6ha5dmonv
CHUYN 2 HIROCACBON NO
http://www.mediafire.com/?48gi22logso51y8
CHUYN 3 HIROCACBON KHNG NO
http://www.mediafire.com/?kuhbmq3zz1dqxdg
CHUYN 4 HIDROCABON THM - NGUN
http://www.mediafire.com/?4bsm3y24z7tomt4
CHUYN 5 DN XUT HALOGEN - PHENOL ANCOL
http://www.mediafire.com/?7ppn76mm88oc07e
CHUYN 6 ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC
http://www.mediafire.com/?1qqig20c1wvgkdq
CHUYN 7 ESTE - LIPIT - CHT GIT RA
http://www.mediafire.com/?iugobqplwb1o1pc
CHUYN 8 CACBOHIDRAT
http://www.mediafire.com/?hqhqyawwc7qw1ku
trang 1
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
CHUYN 9 AMIN AMINOAXIT PROTEIN
http://www.mediafire.com/?6cr175u8ha41j3v
CHUYN 10 POLIME VT LIU POLIME
http://www.mediafire.com/?uvdfj55w5l3d443
CHUYN 11 I CNG V KIM LOI
http://www.mediafire.com/?b74xx4at7ahx2jk
CHUYN 12 KIM LOI KIM - KIM LOI KIM TH - NHM
http://www.mediafire.com/?gdb75u4e0hsu1up
CHUYN 13 ST V HP CHT CA ST V MT S KL KHC
http://www.mediafire.com/?lbtguzzu6a6nu1s
CHUYN 15 CU TO NGUYN T- BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC - LIN
KT HA HC
http://www.mediafire.com/?7j3wq1t7sx7nih1
CHUYN 16 IN PHN
http://www.mediafire.com/?6l74viac68k4hpd
Ngoi ra cn c cc chuyn b tr.
CHUYN K THUT XC NH NG PHN - CNG THC TNH NHANH S NG PHN
http://www.mediafire.com/?6r986rt287e22rv
CHUYN PHNG PHP GII NHANH HA V C - HU C
http://www.mediafire.com/?99gu9128v72jppe
CHUYN DANH PHP HU C
http://www.mediafire.com/?g1ug9rc7ac1xvch
CHUYN CRACKING ANKAN
http://www.mediafire.com/?e31aql9bus23xf2
CHUYN NHN BIT HU C - V C
http://www.mediafire.com/?j7uk7nw760yney2
CHUYN CN BNG - CHUYN DCH CN BNG
http://www.mediafire.com/?qixad5z5qda9ic4
CHUYN TNH AXIT , BAZO, NHIT SI
http://www.mediafire.com/?1032xq1mh5hxnbq
LI GII CHI TIT CC THI I HC T NM 2007 => 2010 KHI A , B
http://www.mediafire.com/?ccc85y8cutvt6kb
MT S THI I HC HAY ST MT S C HNG DN
http://www.mediafire.com/?kfedh985y9msrm8
MONG RNG LINK NY S GIP CH CHO CC MI NGI.
Nh cc bn bit chuyn cha hon thin mi c mt na ; mnh con cha lm nhiu phn lp 10 .
Mt s chuyn cha c li gii ch c p n Cha chnh xc hon ton
Bi vit ny mnh mong => s c nhiu ngi chung tay vi mnh xy dng thnh cng chuyn .
S gip mnh nhiu hn trong vic hon thin n => S up chuyn hon chnh hn.
Nu bn no gip mnh c th lin h qu mail nh : Hieu_100293@yahoo.com
Thi gian ti mnh s i hc nhiu => mi ngy mnh c c 30 son chuyn - ni chuyn vi mi
ngi
Vy nn mnh mun qua bi vit ny s c nhiu ngi gip mnh hn na.
trang 2
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cm n mi ngi.
Down load bn word: http://www.mediafire.com/?eswsyurb2i44syh
Mnh ni thm : Bn no gip mnh => CH nh 20 cu trong 20 hm .
Cu no khng lm c b qu. => Trung bnh mt ngy bn nh 1
cu => mt 1=>5' va hc kin thc va gip c ngi khc.
Chuyn son khng nhm mc ch vit sch (nu ai vit sch c th
ly ti liu - ti liu ny cho tt c mi ngi m) . Mc ch gip
mi ngi hc hi thm kin thc. Nhng kinh nghim ca nhiu bn,
nhng phng php gii nhanh nhng mo , cng c kin thc , lm
vng kin thc c v thm kin thc mi.
Hin ti mnh l sinh vin HKTQD mnh khng c nhiu thi gian
nh ht li gii s chuyn (Mnh vn phi i hc m) vy nu
bn no b ra mi ngy 5' nh li gii c th hy chung tay xy
dng chuyn ha ny. Mnh tin n s gip ch cho tt c mi ngi.
Gip mi ngi yu thch mn ha hn.
D kin sp ti mnh c th lm thm chuyn l v ton .
Mong rng ai c th gip th lin h vi yahoo mnh :
Hieu_100293@yahoo.com
Ti liu ny mnh ch mun n lan rng ra hn . nhiu ngi bit hn v
n s gip cho x hi VN nn tri thc cn non tr ln mnh ln v mnh
tin rng v lu di VN s ngang hng th gii . V th h i sau chnh l
nhng ngi gp phn vo cng vic .
Ln vit chuyn sp ti mnh s chia s cho mi ngi phng php
hc nhiu hn . Lm th no thi H c trn 24 ch trong vng 4
thng ri sp ti . Sm gp bn....
Nu mnh ly con s 100 ngi gip mnh => Mi ngy 1 ngi / cu
=> mt ngy 100 cu => sau 1 thng c 3000 cu
=> c 500 ngi gip => sau 1 thng c 15000 cu .
mi ngy ch 5' "Thi gian bn bt my"
CH3
CH3
C2H5 CH3
=> 5 p xicloankan
trang 3
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cm n bn c bi vit ca mnh.
CHUYN 3 : HIROCACBON KHNG NO
BI TP V ANKEN
Cu 1: Anken X c cng thc cu to: CH
3
CH
2
C(CH
3
)=CHCH
3
.

Tn ca X l
A. isohexan. B. 3-metylpent-3-en. C. 3-metylpent-2-en. D. 2-etylbut-2-en.
Cch c tn anken SGK 11 nc 156 Tn v tr Tn nhnh tn mch chnh s v tr - en
nh s th t gn ni i nht.
5 4 3 2 1
CH
3
CH
2
C(CH
3
) = CH CH
3
.
=> 3 metylpentan 2 en Ni i 2 , mch nhnh 3 ; mch chnh 5C pentan
Cu 2: S ng phn ca C
4
H
8
l
A. 7. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5.
Ch ng phn hnh hc Xem li file vit p + cng thc + Cch xc nh p hnh hc Chuyn 1
C4H8 c k = 1 => 1 pi hoc 1 vng => ng phn dng anken hoc xicloankan
Xt p anken Ch p hnh hc
CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 ko c phh =>1 ;
CH3 CH = CH CH3 c p hh =>2
CH2 =C(CH3) CH3 ko phh =>1
Xicloankan : Vng 3 cnh CH3 Tam gic CH3 => 1
Vng 4 cnh => 1 => Tng cng c 6 => C
Mnh vit tt 3 cnh v 4 cnh hiu l tam gic v hnh vung
Cu 3: Hp cht C
5
H
10
mch h c bao nhiu ng phn cu to ?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10.
C5H10 c k =1 + mch h => anken ; ng phn cu to => Khng tnh ng phn hnh hc. Xem file xc nh
ng phn i thi hay b la
CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH =CH CH2 CH3 ; CH2=CH CH(CH3) CH3
CH2 =C(CH3) CH2 CH3 CH3 C(CH3)=CH CH3
=> Tng c 5 => B
Cu 4: Hp cht C
5
H
10
c bao nhiu ng phn anken ?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
ng phn anken => tnh c ng phn hnh hc.
Cu 3 c cht CH3 CH=CH-CH2-CH3 c p hnh hc => 6
Cu 5: Hp cht C
5
H
10
c bao nhiu ng phn cu to ?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10.
ng phn cu to => Khng tnh hnh hc
C5H10 c k =1 => 1 pi Anken hoc 1 vng Xicloankan
Anken => bi 3 => c 5 p cu to
Xicloankan :
CH3
CH3
C2H5 CH3
=> 5 p xicloankan
trang 4
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
=> 10 p cu to ca C5H10 5 anken + 5 xicloankan
Cu 6: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X.
Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng
A. ankin. B. ankan. C. ankaien. D. anken.
MZ = 2MX + X , Y , Z ng ng k tip => X , Y , Z l anken
C th X l C2H4 v Z l C4H8
Cu 7: Anken X c c im: Trong phn t c 8 lin kt xch ma. CTPT ca X l
A. C
2
H
4
.

B. C
4
H
8
. C. C
3
H
6
. D. C
5
H
10
.
Anken => c 1 lin kt pi
Mo lin kt xch ma = s C + s H 1 i vi mch h - khng i vi mch vng ;
Lin kt xch ma = s lin kt to gia C v H + s lin kt to gia C v C
= S H + s C 1
C3H6 c s lin kt xch ma = 3 + 6 1 = 8 lin kt xch ma => C tha mn
Cu 8: Vitamin A cng thc phn t C
20
H
30
O, co cha 1 vong 6 canh va khng co ch a lin kt ba. S lin kt i
trong phn t vitamin A la
A. 7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.
ADCT tnh s pi + vng = (2.20 -30 +2)/2 = 6
A cha 1 vng => s pi = 6 1 =5 pi hay 5 lin kt i V khng cha lin kt 3 => C
Cu 9: Licopen, cng thc phn t C
40
H
56
la cht mau o trong qua ca chua, chi cha lin k t i va lin k t n trong
phn t . Hiro hoa hoan toan licopen c hirocacbon C
40
H
82
. V y licopen co
A. 1 vong; 12 ni i. B. 1 vong; 5 n i i. C. 4 vong; 5 n i i. D. ma ch h; 13 ni i.
C40H56 c tng s pi + vng = (2.40 56 + 2)/2 = 13 => Loi B v C.
C40H56 ch cha lin kt i v lin kt n => loi trng hp vng ny mnh ko chc
Hoc hidro ha hon ton to ra C40H82 ankan => C40H56 nu ng th c 1 vng 3 cnh cn li 12 i th mnh
ngh vn ng . => D th chc chn hn , cn A c trng hp c bit 1 vng 3 cnh + 12 i th ng =>
D
Cu 10: Cho cc cht sau: 2-metylbut-1-en (1); 3,3-imetylbut-1-en (2); 3-metylpent-1-en (3);
3-metylpent-2-en (4); Nhng cht no l ng phn ca nhau ?
A. (3) v (4). B. (1), (2) v (3). C. (1) v (2). D. (2), (3) v (4).
ng phn => Cng CTPT: (1) C5H10 ; 2 ,3 ,4 u l C6H10 => 2,3,4 cng l ng phn.
Cu 11: Hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc ?
A. 2-metylbut-2-en. B. 2-clo-but-1-en. C. 2,3- iclobut-2-en. D. 2,3- imetylpent-2-en.
K c p hh :R1#R2 v R3#R4 1 2 3 4
A loi v R1 v R2 u l CH3 : CH3 C(CH3) = CH CH3
1 2 3 4
B loi v - 1-en => R1 v R2 u l H : CH2 = C(Cl) CH2 CH3
1 2 3 4
C ng v tha mn k : CH3 C(Cl) =C(Cl) CH3 R1 # R2 v R3#R4 ; CH3 #Cl =>C
1 2 3 4 5
D sai v R1 ging R2 CH3: CH3 C(CH3) = C(CH3) CH2 CH3
Cu 12: Nhng hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc (cis-trans) ?
CH
3
CH=CH
2
(I); CH
3
CH=CHCl (II); CH
3
CH=C(CH
3
)
2
(III); C
2
H
5
C(CH
3
)=C(CH
3
)C
2
H
5
(IV); C
2
H
5
C(CH
3
)=CCl
CH
3
(V).
CH3
CH3
C2H5 CH3
=> 5 p xicloankan
CH3 CH3
trang 5
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. (I), (IV), (V). B. (II), (IV), (V). C. (III), (IV). D. (II), III, (IV), (V).
Thy ngay I v III u loi v R3 ging R4 => A , C , D loi => B da vo k R1#R2 v R3#R4
Dng bi ny loi p n nhanh hn l i tm ng.
Cu 13: Cho cc cht sau: CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
2
CH=CH
2
; CH
2
=CHCH=CHCH
2
CH
3
;
CH
3
C(CH
3
)=CHCH
2
; CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH=CH
2
; CH
3
CH
2
CH=CHCH
2
CH
3
; CH
3
C(CH
3
)=CHCH
2
CH
3
;
CH
3
CH
2
C(CH
3
)=C(C
2
H
5
)CH(CH
3
)
2
; CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
.
S cht c ng phn hnh hc l:
A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
2
CH=CH
2
ko c v dng R CH2=CH2
CH
2
=CHCH=CHCH
2
CH
3
c p hh ni i th 2. => 1
CH
3
C(CH
3
)=CHCH
2
ko c v R1v R2 l CH3
CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH=CH
2
ko c ging cht 1
CH
3
CH
2
CH=CHCH
2
CH
3
c p hh => 1
CH
3
C(CH
3
)=CHCH
2
CH
3
khng c v R1 v R2 l CH3
CH
3
CH
2
C(CH
3
)=C(C
2
H
5
)CH(CH
3
)
2
c R1 # R2 hay C2H5 # CH3 ; R3#R4 hay C2H5 # C3H7 => 1
CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
c =>1 => Tng c 4 cht.
Cu 14: p dng quy tc Maccopnhicop vo trng hp no sau y ?
A. Phn ng cng ca Br
2
vi anken i xng.
C. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken i xng.
B. Phn ng trng hp ca anken.
D. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken bt i xng.
SGK 11nc 162 => D To ra 2 sn phm ; chnh v ph
C sai v anken i xng nh CH2 = CH2 ch to ra 1 sn phm hoc CH3 CH=CH CH3 i xng nhau qua lin
kt i
Cu 15: Khi cho but-1-en tc dng vi dung dch HBr, theo qui tc Maccopnhicop sn phm no sau y l sn phm
chnh ?
A. CH
3
-CH
2
-CHBr-CH
2
Br. C. CH
3
-CH
2
-CHBr-CH
3
.
B. CH
2
Br-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
Br . D. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
Br.
SGK 11nc 162 => sn phm chnh Halogen vo C t H cn H vo C nhiu H
Hoc halogen vo C bc cao nht v H vo C cn li
Bc 2 3 1 1
But 1 en : CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 + HBr => CH3 CHBr CH2 CH3 => C
Cu 16: Anken C
4
H
8
c bao nhiu ng phn khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy
nht ?
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
P to anken + HCl to ra 1 sn phm duy nht => Anken i xng
CH3 CH =CH CH3 => c p hnh hc => 2 => D
Cu 17: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-en. Dy gm cc cht sau khi
phn ng vi H
2
(d, xc tc Ni, t
o
), cho cng mt sn phm l:
A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en. B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en.
C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en. D. 2-metylpropen, cis -but-2-en v xiclobutan.
Cu 18: Cho hn hp tt c cc ng phn mch h ca C
4
H
8
tc dng vi H
2
O (H
+
,t
o
) thu c ti a bao nhiu sn
phm cng ?
A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5
P vi H2O => OH vo C bc cao v H vo C cn li C=C
AD Cu 2 => CH2 = CH CH2 CH3
=> sp OH-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 hoc CH3 CH(OH)-CH2 CH3
CH3 CH = CH CH3 => sp : CH3 CH(OH) CH2 CH3
CH2 =C(CH3) CH3 => sp : CH3 (OH)C(CH3) CH3 hoc OH CH2 CH(CH3) CH3
Gp 3 trng hp => c 4 sn phm TH1 v TH2 cng CH3 CH(OH) CH2 CH3
=> B
Cu 19: C bao nhiu anken th kh (kt) m khi cho mi anken tc dng vi dung dch HCl ch cho mt sn
phm hu c duy nht ?
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
SGK 11 nc 159 => Anken th kh t C2 ti C4
Vi C2H4 => to ra 1 cht anken i xng
C3H6 => C = C C => to ra 2 sn phm anken bt i xng
C4H6 => C - C = C C => mi ng phn hnh hc to ra 1 sn phm => 2 cht
tng l 3 : C2H4 ; cis C4H6 ; trans C4H6 => C mnh Khng dm khng nh cis v trans
Cu ny khng chc p n.
trang 6
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 20: Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l
A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). B. propen v but-2-en (hoc buten-2).
C. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). D. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1).
2anken to thnh 2 ancol => mi anken to thnh 1 ancol => anken i xng.
A,D loi v cha but 1 en : C = C C C to ra 2 ancol => cht cn li = 1 => 3 ancol
B loi v Propen to ra 2 ancol + but - 2 en to ra 1 ancol (i xng )
C. Eten v but 2 en u mch i xng => mi cht to ra 1 ancol duy nht => C
Cu 21: Anken thch hp iu ch ancol sau y (CH
3
CH
2
)
3
C-OH l
A. 3-etylpent-2-en. B. 3-etylpent-3-en. C. 3-etylpent-1-en.D. 3,3- imetylpent-1-en.
(CH
3
CH
2
)
3
C-OH ; CH3 CH2 (CH3CH2)C(OH) CH2 CH3
1 2 3 4 5
=> anken iu ch : CH3 CH2 = (CH3CH2)C CH2 CH3
Ni i v tr 2 ; etyl v tr 3 ; mch chnh c 5 C => pent => A .3 etylpent 2 en =>A
Xem li cch vit danh php anken
Cu 22: Hirat ha hn hp X gm 2 anken thu c ch thu c 2 ancol. X gm
A. CH
2
=CH
2
v CH
2
=CHCH
3
. B. CH
2
=CH
2
v CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
.
C. B hoc D. D. CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
v CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
3
.
Cu ny t B hoc D => Chn B hoc D cng c m B chc chn ng ri Bi 20
C bao qut => Cu ny p n khng hp l D khng tha mn
Sa p n . C . B v D
B ng
Cu 23: S cp ng phn cu to anken th kh (kt) tho mn iu kin: Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba
ancol l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Anken th kh => C2 ti C4 SGK 11 nc 159
Hidrat ha l p anken + H2O => Ru SGK 11 nc 161
Cu 24: S cp ng phn anken th kh (kt) tho mn iu kin: Khi hirat ho to thnh hn hp gm ba ancol
l:
A. 6. B. 7. C. 5. D. 8.
Cu 25: Hp cht X c CTPT C
3
H
6
, X tc dng vi dung dch HBr thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Vy X
l:
A. propen. B. propan. C. isopropen. D. xicloropan.
C3H6 => k = 1 => 1pi hoc 1 vng => loi B . Khng c p n C . i vi Cht c 3C khng c iso.
=> A v D . M A to ra 2 sn phm => D ng Hoc thy ngay p SGK bi xicloankan
Cu 26: Hai cht X, Y c CTPT C
3
H
6
v

C
4
H
8
v u tc dng c vi nc brom. X, Y l
A. Hai anken hoc xicloankan vng 3 cnh. C. Hai anken hoc xicloankan vng 4 cnh.
B. Hai anken hoc hai ankan. D. Hai anken ng ng ca nhau.
Anken lun p vi dd Br2. Xicloankan c vng 3 cnh lun p vi dd Br2 => A
B sai v ankan ; C sai v vng 4 cnh ko p vi dd Br2 ; D thiu trng hp Xicloankan
Cu 27: C hai ng nghim, mi ng cha 1 ml dung dch brom trong nc c mu vng nht. Thm vo ng th
nht 1 ml hexan v ng th hai 1 ml hex-1-en. Lc u c hai ng nghim, sau yn hai ng nghim trong vi
pht. Hin tng quan st c l:
A. C s tch lp cc cht lng c hai ng nghim.
B. Mu vng nht vn khng i ng nghim th nht
C. ng nghim th hai c hai lp cht lng u khng mu.
D. A, B, C u ng.
Cu 28: Trng hp eten, sn phm thu c c cu to l:
A. (-CH
2
=CH
2
-)
n
. B. (-CH
2
-CH
2
-)
n
. C. (-CH=CH-)
n
. D. (-CH
3
-CH
3
-)
n
.
Eten : C2H4 => trng hp => (-CH
2
-CH
2
-)
n
=> B P SGK 11 nc 162
Cu 29: Oxi ho etilen bng dung dch KMnO
4
thu c sn phm l:
A. MnO
2
, C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
, KOH. C. K
2
CO
3
, H
2
O, MnO
2
.
B. C
2
H
5
OH, MnO
2
, KOH. D. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
, K
2
CO
3
, MnO
2
.
P SGK 11 nc 162 :
3C2H4 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O => 3C2H4(OH)2 etylenglicol + 2MnO2 + 2KOH => A
Cu 30: X la h n h p g m 2 hirocacbon. t cha y X c nCO
2
= nH
2
O. X co th g m
A. 1xicloankan + anken.B. 1ankan + 1ankin. C. 2 anken. D. A hoc B hoc C.
X c th : A ng v c 2 cht u c k = 1 ;
B c th : v nu nankan = nankin
trang 7
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
C ng v k = 1 => D Nu phn vn B cha bit th ta thy A v C ng => D ng
Cu 31: iu ch etilen trong phng th nghim t C
2
H
5
OH, (H
2
SO
4
c, 170
o
C) thng ln cc oxit nh SO
2
, CO
2
.
Cht dng lm sch etilen l:
A. dd brom d. B. dd NaOH d. C. dd Na
2
CO
3
d.D. dd KMnO
4
long d.
Lm sch etilen tc l lm mt i SO2 v CO2 trong kh etilen.
Xt A dd Br2 d => Etilen v SO2 u lm mt mu => khng th loi c
B ng v ch c SO2 v CO2 p => cn li etilen => B
SO2 + NaOH d => Na2SO3 + H2O ; CO2 + NaOH d => Na2CO3 + H2O
C sai v khng cht no p
D sai v Etilen v SO2 u p.
Cu 32: Sn phm chnh ca s ehirat ha 2-metylbutan-2-ol l cht no ?
A. 3-Metylbut-1-en. B. 2-Metylbut-1en. C. 3-Metylbut-2-en. D. 2-Metylbut-2-en.
ehidrat ha tc l p tch nhm H2O t ancol to thnh anken SGK 11 nc 227
Quy tc Zaixep OH tch cng vi H bc cao bn cnh sn phm chnh
Sn phm ph ngc li cng H bc thp bn cnh
I II
2 metylbutan 2 ol : CH3 (CH3)C (OH) CH2 CH3 => tch cng H bc II
1 2 3 4
=> CH3 C(CH3)=CH CH3 => 2 metylbut 2 en => D
Cu 33: Khi tch nc t ru (ancol) 3-metylbutanol-1 (hay 3-metylbutan-1-ol), sn phm chnh
thu c l:
A. 2-metylbuten-3 (hay 2-metylbut-3-en). B. 3-metylbuten-2 (hay 3-metylbut-2-en).
C. 3-metylbuten-1 (hay 3-metylbut-1-en). D. 2-metylbuten-2 (hay 2-metylbut-2-en).
1 2 3 4
AD 32 : 3-metylbutan-1-ol : OH CH2 CH2 CH(CH3) CH3
1 2 3 4
=> CH2=CH2 CH(CH3) CH3 => 3 metyl but 1 en => C
Cu 34: Hp cht 2-metylbut-2-en l sn phm chnh ca phn ng tch t cht no ?
A. 2-brom-2-metylbutan.B. 2-metylbutan -2- ol. C. 3-metylbutan-2- ol.D. Tt c u ng.
2 metylbut 2 en : CH3 - C(CH3) = CH CH3
A. 2-brom-2-metylbutan P tch HX SGK 11 nc 214
Quy tc Zai Xp ; Nguyn t halogen X u tin tch cng vi H C bc cao bn cnh
Bc: I II
CH3 (Br)C(CH3) CH2 CH3 => tch cng C bc II => CH3 C(CH3) = CH CH3
Tha mn P vi kim KOH c xc tc C2H5OH , nhit
B. 2-metylbutan -2- ol. AD bi 32 I II
CH3 (OH)C(CH3) CH2 CH3 => Tch cng C bc 2
CH3 C(CH3)=CH CH3 Tha mn
A, B ng => D I III
Xt C. 3 metylbutan 2 ol ; CH3 CH(OH) CH(CH3) CH3 => tch cng C bc 3
=> CH3 CH=C(CH3) CH3 Tha mn Ngc li
Cu 35: Khi lng etilen thu c khi un nng 230 gam ru etylic vi H
2
SO
4
m c, hiu sut phn ng t
40% l:
A. 56 gam. B. 84 gam. C. 196 gam. D. 350 gam.
Phn ng tch H2O SGK 11 nc 227
Ru etylic C2H5OH => C2H5OH => C2H4 etilen + H2O
5 mol => 5 mol
=> mC2H4 theo PT = 140g .
CT tnh H% ;
H% p = mPT . 100% / mTT ; H%Sp = mTT.100% / mPT
mPT l m phng trnh Tnh theo PT ; mTT l m thc t thu c hoc ban u
sp l sn phm ; p l phn ng
C th thay khi lng bng th tch hay s mol - mPT v mTT ca cng mt cht
C2H4 l sn phm => H%sp = mTT.100% / mPT 40% = mTT.100% / 140
mTT = 140.40/100 = 56g => A mC2H4 thc t thu c
Cu 36: Cho 3,36 lt hn hp etan v etilen (ktc) i chm qua qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng khi lng bnh
brom tng thm 2,8 gam. S mol etan v etilen trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 0,05 v 0,1. B. 0,1 v 0,05. C. 0,12 v 0,03. D. 0,03 v 0,12.
trang 8
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
C lin kt pi => c phn ng cng Br2 => EtilenC2H4 p vi Br2 cn etanC2H6 khng p.
SGK 11 nc 160 ; anken p cng Br2
Tng qut : X + kBr
2
=> XBr
2k
X l cht hu c mch h c k 1 k = 0 l ankan ko c p cng
P cng xut pht t lin kt pi
Tng qut vi k = 1 => CnH2nOz ; k =2 => CnH2n-2Oz k=1 c gc hidrocacbon ging Anken; k = 2 c gc
hidrocabon ging Ankin
VD: C2H4 + Br2 => C2H4Br2 V C2H4 c k = pi
C3H6O2 + Br2 => C3H6O2Br2 v C3H6O2 c k = 1
C5H8 + 2Br2 => C5H8Br4 V c k =2
Cng Br2 nh cng X2 , H2 ; X l halogen
m bnh tng = mAnken cho vo V anken b hp th - BT khi lng
=> mC2H4 = 2,8 g => nC2H4 = 0,1 mol => nC2H6Etan = nhh nC2H4 = 0,15 0,1 = 0,05 => A
Cu 37: 2,8 gam anken A la m mt mau va u dung dich ch a 8 gam Br
2
. Hirat hoa A chi thu c m t ancol duy
nht. A co tn la:
A. etilen. B. but - 2-en. C. hex- 2-en. D. 2,3-dimetylbut-2-en.
Hidrat ha A p anken + H2O => ancol => thu c 1 sn phm => Mch i xng
Cc p n A,B,D i xng
A. CH2 = CH2 ; B . CH3 CH=CH-CH3 ; C. CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 Ko i xng
D. CH3 C(CH3) =C(CH3)-CH3
A , B , C , D u l anken ui en => nAnken = nBr2 = 0,05 mol
=> M anken = 2,8 / 0,05 = 56 = 14n n = 4 CnH2n => C4H8 => B Ch c B c 4C
Cu 38: 0,05 mol hirocacbon X lam mt ma u va u dung dich cha 8 gam brom cho ra san phm co ham lng
brom a t 69,56%. Cng thc phn t cua X la :
A. C
3
H
6.
B. C
4
H
8
. C. C
5
H
10
. D. C
5
H
8
.
Ta c nX = nBr2 = 1 =k => Hidrocabon c CT : CnH2n Bi 36
P : CnH2n + Br2 => CnH2nBr2
%Br = 160.100% / (14n+160) = 69,56% n = 5 Cch bm nh chuyn 1 ; ly 160.100%/69,56 - 160 sau ly
kt qu chia 14 => n = 5 => C5H10 =>C
Cu 39: Dn t t 8,4 gam hn hp X gm but-1-en v but-2-en li chm qua bnh ng dung dch Br
2
, khi kt thc
phn ng thy c m gam brom phn ng. m c gi tr l:
A. 12 gam. B. 24 gam. C. 36 gam. D. 48 gam.
But 1 en ; But 2 en l ng phn ca C4H8
=> n hn hp = 8,4 / 56 = 0,15 mol = nBr2 V k =1 :anken => mBr2 p = 24g => B
Cu 40: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng
bnh tng thm 7,7 gam. Thnh phn phn % v th tch ca hai anken l:
A. 25% v 75%. B. 33,33% v 66,67%. C. 40% v 60%. D. 35% v 65%.
Anken p vi Br2 => m bnh tng = mAnken p = 7,7 g V anken p vi dd Br2
Gi CT ca hn hp :
mhh 7, 7
CnH2n => M = 51, 33 14n <=> n = 3,67
nhh 0,15

=> n=3 v n = 4 2 anken kt tip
nhau
Xem li cch xc nh % th tch nhanh Bi 47 chuyn 2 hoc trong file pp gii nhanh ha hu c
%C4H8 = 67% Hay 66,67 mnh lm trn % C ln = s sau du ,
=> % C3H6 = 100 % - %S ln = 33,33 % => B
Cu 41: Hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng lin tip c th tch 4,48 lt ( ktc). Nu cho hn hp X i qua bnh
ng nc brom d, khi lng bnh tng ln 9,8 gam. % th tch ca mt trong 2 anken l:
A. 50%. B. 40%. C. 70%. D. 80%.
Tng t Bi 40 =>
n
= 3,5 => %C4H8 = 50% => %C3H6 = 50% => A
Cu 42: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng
bnh tng thm 7,7 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l:
A. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
. B. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
. C. C
4
H
8
v C
5
H
10
. D. C
5
H
10
v C
6
H
12
.
Tng t bi 40 =>
n
= 3,67 => n = 3 (C3H6) v n = 4 (C4H8) => B v lin tip
Cu 43: Mt hn hp X c th tch 11,2 lt (ktc), X gm 2 anken ng ng k tip nhau. Khi cho X qua nc Br
2
d thy khi lng bnh Br
2
tng 15,4 gam. Xc nh CTPT v s mol mi anken trong hn hp X.
A. 0,2 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,3 mol C
3
H
6
. B. 0,2 mol C
3
H
6
v 0,2 mol C
4
H
8
.
C. 0,4 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,1 mol C
3
H
6
. D. 0,3 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,2 mol C
3
H
6
.
Tng t bi 40 =>
n
= 2,2 => n = 2C2H4 v n =3 C3H6 2 anken lin tip
Xem li bi 47 chuyn 2 . Tm t l s mol 2 cht lin tip t
n
0,2nC2H4 = 0,8nC3H6 nC2H4 = 4nC3H6 => chn nC3H6 = x mol => nC2H4 = 4xmol
M nC2H4 + nC3H6 = 0,5 mol => x = 0,1 => nC2H4 = 0,4 ; nC3H6 = 0,1 => C
trang 9
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 44: Mt hn hp X gm ankan A v anken B, A c nhiu hn B mt nguyn t cacbon, A v B u th kh (
ktc). Khi cho 6,72 lt kh X (ktc) i qua nc brom d, khi lng bnh brom tng ln 2,8 gam; th tch kh cn li
ch bng 2/3 th tch hn hp X ban u. CTPT ca A, B v khi lng ca hn hp X l:
A. C
4
H
10
, C
3
H
6
; 5,8 gam. B. C
3
H
8
, C
2
H
4
; 5,8 gam.
C. C
4
H
10
, C
3
H
6
; 12,8 gam. D. C
3
H
8
, C
2
H
4
; 11,6 gam.
Ch c anken p vi Br2 => Th tch cn li = 2/3 th tch hh ban u = V ankan
V ankan = 2.6,72/3 = 4,48 lt => nankan = 0,2 mol => nAnken = nhhX nAnkan = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol
m bnh tng = mAnken = 2,8 g => Manken = 28 =14n => n =2 => C2H4 B
A l C3H8 V A c C ln hn B 1 C v A c dng CnH2n+2
M hn hp X = mC3H8 + mC2H4 = 0,2.44 + 0,1.28 = 11,6 g => D
Cu 45: Mt hn hp X gm ankan A v mt anken B c cng s nguyn t C v u th kh ktc. Cho hn hp
X i qua nc Br
2
d th th tch kh Y cn li bng na th tch X, cn khi lng Y bng 15/29 khi lng X. CTPT
A, B v thnh phn % theo th tch ca hn hp X l
A. 40% C
2
H
6
v 60% C
2
H
4
. B. 50% C
3
H
8
v 50% C
3
H
6
C. 50% C
4
H
10
v 50% C
4
H
8
. D. 50% C
2
H
6
v 50% C
2
H
4
Bi 44 => Th tch Y = V ankan = VX /2 => Vankan = V anken = VX / 2 => %theo th tch = 50%
Loi A.
A v B cng s C => A c CT : CnH2n+2Ankan => CnH2n l CT Banken
Chn nAnkan = 1 mol => nAnken = 1mol
=>
mY mAnkan 15 14n+2 15
= = 2
mhhX mAnkan+mAnken 29 14n+2 + 14n 29
n
=> C2H6 vaf C2H4
Mo p n A v D cng cng thc ; p n B,C,D cng % V
=> Ly C t A hoc D ; Ly % t B,C,D => Cch ny dng cho bn khng lm c khi i thi
Cu 46 : Hn hp X gm metan v 1 olefin. Cho 10,8 lt hn hp X qua dung dch brom d thy c 1 cht kh bay ra,
t chy hon ton kh ny thu c 5,544 gam CO
2
. Thnh phn % v th tch metan v olefin trong hn hp X l:
A. 26,13% v 73,87%. B. 36,5% v 63,5%.
C. 20% v 80%. D. 73,9% v 26,1%.
Metan CH4 v Olefinanken CnH2n 1 cht kh l CH4 V anken b Br2 d hp th
nCH4 = nCO2 to ra = 0,126 mol Bt nguyn t C
VCH4 = 2,8224 => %CH4 = 2,6133 .100% / 10,8 = 26,13% => % Anken = 73,87% => A
Cu 47: Cho 8960 ml (ktc) anken X qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh brom tng 22,4
gam. Bit X c ng phn hnh hc. CTCT ca X l:
A. CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
.
C. CH
3
CH=CHCH
2
CH
3
. D. (CH
3
)
2
C=CH
2
.
X c ng phn hnh hc => Loi A v D Xem li k ng phn hnh hc
Tng t bi 40 => n = 4 => C4H8 => B v C c 5C
Cu 48: a. Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y
(cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca
X l:
A. but-1-en. B. but-2-en. C. Propilen. D. Xiclopropan.
p n => u c th p cng Br2 v u c 1 pi hoc 1 vng => Cng thc : CnH2n
PT : CnH2n + Br2 => CnH2nBr2 => %Br = 160.100% / (14n + 160) = 74,08 n= 4 => Loi C,D
X p vi HBr thu c 2 sn phm => X l anken khng i xng => A :CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
b. Hirocacbon X cng HCl theo ti l mol 1:1 tao san ph m co ha m lng clo la 55,04%. X co cng thc phn t
l:
A. C
4
H
8
. B. C
2
H
4
. C. C
5
H
10
. D. C
3
H
6
.
p n => X c CT : CnH2n
P : CnH2n + HCl => CnH2n+1Cl
=> %Cl = 35,5.100% / (14n + 1 + 35,5) = 55,04% n = 2 => B .C2H4
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm metan v anken, cho 5,6 lt X qua dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 7,28
gam v c 2,688 lt kh bay ra (ktc). CTPT ca anken l:
A. C
4
H
8
. B. C
5
H
10
. C. C
3
H
6
. D. C
2
H
4
Metan CH4 v Anken CnH2n
Tng t bi 44 => V kh bay ra = nAnkan = 2,688 lt => V anken = Vhh Vankan = 5,6 2,688 = 2,912 lt =>
nAnken = 0,13 mol + mAnken = m bnh tng = 7,28 => M anken = 7,28/0,13 =14n =>n = 4 =>A
Cu 50: Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7,7
gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l:
A. C
2
H
4
v C
4
H
8
. B. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
. C. C
4
H
8
v C
5
H
10
. D. A hoc B.
Tng t bi 40 =>
n
= 3,67 => A v B ng V
n
= 3,67 nm gia 2 v 4 A ; 3 v 4 B
C sai v
n
= 3,67 < 4 ; <5 => D
trang 10
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 51: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (54,6
o
C; 0,8064 atm) gm 2 olefin li qua bnh dung dch brom d thy khi lng
bnh brom tng 16,8 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l (Bit s C trong cc anken khng vt qu 5)
A. C
2
H
4
v C
5
H
10
. B. C
3
H
6
v C
5
H
10
. C. C
4
H
8
v C
5
H
10
. D. A hoc B.
ADCT : nhn hp = PV/T.0,082 = (0,8064.10/((273+54,6).0,082) = 0,3 mol
=>
16,8
M= =14n n = 4
0,3

=> A , B tha mn V
n
nm gia 2 v 5 A ; 3 v 5B
C sai v
n
= 4 khng nm gia 4 v 5 => D
Cu 52: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn khi lng clo l
45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C
3
H
6
. B. C
4
H
8
. C. C
2
H
4
. D. C
5
H
10
.
Tng t b bi 48 => n = 3 => C3H6 => A
Cu 53: Cho hn hp X gm etilen v H
2
c t khi so vi H
2
bng 4,25. Dn X qua bt niken nung nng (hiu sut
phn ng 75%) thu c hn hp Y. T khi ca Y so vi H
2
(cc th tch o cng iu kin) l:
A. 5,23. B. 3,25. C. 5,35. D. 10,46.
Dng bi anken p vi H2 cho M hn hp trc v H% => Tm M hn hp sau
Hoc cho M trc ; M sau tm H% ; hoc H% v M sau tm M trc
Phng php mo: Lun chn nAnken = 1 mol => nH2 t M trc
Hoc Gi x, y l s mol Anken v H2 t M => t l gia x v y sau chn
Tm ra s khi lng trc p .
Bo ton khi lng => m trc = m sau
VD: bi trn etilen C2H4
Cch 1: chn 1mol C2H4 => M trc = (mC2H4 + mH2) / (nC2H4 + nH2) = 8,5 (I)
(28 + 2x) / (1+x) = 8,5 => x = 3 mol X l nH2
m trc = mC2H4 + mH2 = 28 + 3.2 = 34 g = m sau
Cch 2 : (I) (28x + 2y) / (x + y) = 8,5 3x = y => chn x = 1 => y = 3 Cch ny l ng cho
Mnh hay dng cch chn => bm my tnh
Tip theo p vo Phng trnh: gi x , y ln lt l s mol CnH2n ; H2
PT : CnH2n + H2 => CnH2n+2
Ban u: x mol y mol
P x mol => x mol => xmol
Sau p y x mol x mol
nSau p = nH2 d + nCnH2n+2 to thnh = y x + x = y mol Chnh bng s mol H2 - Nh
M sau = m trc / nH2 Cng thc Vi H% = 100% , Anken p ht
Nu c H% => nCnH2n p = x.H%
PT: CnH2n + H2 => CnH2n+2
Ban u x mol ymol
P x.H% => x.H% mol => x.H% mol
Sau p x x.H% y x.H% x.H%
n sau p = nCnH2n d + nH2 d + nCnH2n+2 to thnh
= (x x.H%) + y x.H% + x.H% = x + y - x.H%
M sau = m trc / (x+y x.H%)
M sau= M trc . n trc / (x+y x.H%) = Mtrc . (x+y)/(x+y x.H%)
Cng thc tng qut i vi H%
Cng thc p dng gii nhanh vi dng ny => ch thi c.
Nu khng ni n H% => coi nh 100%
AD bi trn => m trc = 34 g ; x = 1mol ; y = 3mol ; H% = 75%
=> M sau = 34 / (1 + 3 1.0,75) = 10,46 => T khi vi H2 = 10,46 / 2 = 5,23 => A
Cu 54: Cho H
2
v 1 olefin c th tch bng nhau qua Niken un nng ta c hn hp A. Bit t khi hi ca A
i vi H
2
l 23,2. Hiu sut phn ng hiro ho l 75%. Cng thc phn t olefin l
A. C
2
H
4
. B. C
3
H
6
. C. C
4
H
8
. D. C
5
H
10
.
Ta c H2 v olefin Anken CnH2n c th tch bng nhau => Chn nH2 = nOlefin = 1 mol
ADCT bi trn
M sau = m trc / (x + y x.H%) vi x = y = 1 M sau = 23,2.2 = 46,4 t l vi H2 = 23,2
m trc = mAnken + mH2
=> 46,4 = (14n + 2) / (1 + 1 1.0,75) n = 4 => C
trang 11
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 55: Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so
vi H
2
bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm
mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l:
A. CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
. B. CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
3
. C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)
2
. D. CH
2
=CH
2
.
Anken cng HBr to ra sp duy nht => anken i xng => Loi B v C
Y khng lm mt mu nc Brom => Anken ht => H% = 100%
AD Cng thc bi trn => M sau = Mtruoc. (x+y) / (x + y x.1)
13.2 = 9,1.2 .(x+y) / y 3,9y = 9,1x 3y = 7x => Chn x = 3 mol => y = 7 mol
(Mo chn t l i nhau 3y => chn x = 3 ; 7x => chn y = 7)
M trc = (mAnken + mH2) / (nAnken + nH2)
9,1.2 = (3.14n + 7.2) / (3+7) n = 4 => A
(Hoc c th ly t l 3,9y = 9,1x => chn x =3,9 => y = 9,1 => l => a v nguyn nh trn co d
Cu 56: Cho hn hp X gm anken v hiro c t khi so vi heli bng 3,33. Cho X i qua bt niken nung nng n
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi heli l 4. CTPT ca X l:
A. C
2
H
4
. B. C
3
H
6
. C. C
4
H
8
. D. C
5
H
10
.
T khi vi Heli He2; M =4
Tng t bi 55 => 0,67y = 3,33x 67y = 333x => chn y = 333 => x =67
M trc = (67.14n + 333.2)/(67 + 333) = 3,33.4 n ~ 5 => D :C5H10 S liu hi l
Cu 57: Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v C
2
H
4
c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh
Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l:
A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 40%.
Chn 1 mol C2H4 => M trc = (28 + 2y) / (1 + y) = 3,75.4 y = 1
ADCT : M sau = M trc . (x + y)/(x + y x.H%) Vi x = y = 1 mol M trc = 15 ; M sau = 20
=> H% = 50% => C
Cu 58: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp eten, propen, but-2-en cn dng va b lt oxi ( ktc) thu c 2,4 mol
CO
2
v 2,4 mol nc. Gi tr ca b l:
A. 92,4 lt. B. 94,2 lt. C. 80,64 lt. D. 24,9 lt.
BT nguyn t Oxi : 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nO2 = 3,6 mol => V = 80,64 lt => C
Cu 59: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) hn hp X gm CH
4
, C
2
H
4
thu c 0,15 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Gi tr
ca V l:
A. 2,24. B. 3,36. C. 4,48. D. 1,68.
BT nguyn t C , H vi x,y ln lt l s mol CH4 , C2H4
x + 2y = nCO2 ; 4x + 4y = 2nH2O x + 2y = 0,15 ; 4x + 4y = 0,4 x = y = 0,05 => nhh = x + y = 0,1 => V =
2,24 lt => A
Cu 60: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hm hp gm CH
4
, C
4
H
10
v C
2
H
4
thu c 0,14 mol CO
2
v 0,23mol H
2
O. S
mol ca ankan v anken trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 0,09 v 0,01. B. 0,01 v 0,09. C. 0,08 v 0,02. D. 0,02 v 0,08.
Hn hp gm ankan v anken => nhh ankan = nH2O nCO2 = 0,09 mol => nAnken = n hh nankan = 0,1 0,09 =
0,01 => A
Cu 61: Mt hn hp kh gm 1 ankan v 1 anken c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t v c cng s mol. Ly m
gam hn hp ny th lm mt mu va 80 gam dung dch 20% Br
2
trong dung mi CCl
4
. t chy hon ton m
gam hn hp thu c 0,6 mol CO
2
. Ankan v anken c cng thc phn t l:
A. C
2
H
6
v C
2
H
4
. B. C
4
H
10
v C
4
H
8
. C. C
3
H
8
v C
3
H
6
. D. C
5
H
12
v C
5
H
10
.
mBr2 Cht tan = mdd . C% / 100% = 16 g => nAnken = nBr2 = 0,1 mol = nankan v ankan v anken cng s mol
Mt khc Ankan v anken cng C => CT : ankan : CmnH2m+2 => anken : CmH2m
BTNT C : m. nCnH2n+2 + m. nCnH2n = nCO2 m.0,1 +m.0,1 = 0,6 m = 3 => C3H8 v C3H6 => C
Cu 62: t chy hon ton 10ml hirocacbon X cn va 60 ml kh oxi, sau phn ng thu c 40 ml kh
cacbonic. Bit X lm mt mu dung dch brom v c mch cacbon phn nhnh. CTCT ca X
A. CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)
2
. C. CH
2
=C(CH
2
)
2
CH
3
. D. (CH
3
)
2
C=CHCH
3
.
X c mch C phn nhnh => Loi A .
ADCT phn chuyn i cng CT : CxHy => x = VCO2 / VX = 40/10 = 4 => B v B c 4C
Hoc tm y : x + y/4 = VO2 / VX 4 + y/4 = 6 y = 8 ci ny t => p n => CT : CnH2n 1 lin kt pi
Cu 63: Cho 0,2 mol hn hp X gm etan, propan v propen qua dung dch brom d, thy khi lng bnh brom tng
4,2 gam. Lng kh cn li em t chy hon ton thu c 6,48 gam nc. Vy % th tch etan, propan v propen
ln lt l:
A. 30%, 20%, 50%. B. 20%, 50%, 30%. C. 50%, 20%, 30%. D. 20%, 30%, 50%.
Etan C2H6 ; propan C3H8 propen C3H6 => m tng = mC3H6= 4,2 g V ch c C3H6 p
n C2H6 + nC3H8 = nHn hp nC3H6 = 0,2 0,1 = 0,1 => %VC3H6 = nC3H6.100%/ nhh = 50%
kh i l C2H6 v C3H8 => BTNT H : => 6nC2H6 + 8nC3H8 = 2nH2O = 0,72
trang 12
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Gii h => nC2H6 = 0,04 ; nC3H8 = 0,06 => %V = n / nhn hp => D
Cu 64: Mt hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon A, B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. A, B ch c th l ankan hay anken.
t chy 4,48 lt (kc) hn hp X thu c 26,4 gam CO
2
v 12,6 gam H
2
O. Xc nh CTPT v s mol ca A, B trong
hn hp X.
A. 0,1 mol C
3
H
8
v 0,1 mol C
3
H
6
. B. 0,2 mol C
2
H
6
v 0,2 mol C
2
H
4
.
C. 0,08 mol C
3
H
8
v 0,12 mol C
3
H
6
. D. 0,1 mol C
2
H
6
v 0,2 mol C
2
H
4
.
Ta c A,B cng s C => CT: CmH2m+2A ; CmH2mB A,B l ankan v anken
m = nCO2 / nhh = 0,6 / 0,2 = 3 => C3H8 v C3H6 => B v D sai
Th p n A vo tha mn iu kin 8nC3H8 + 6nC3H6 = 2nH2O => A ng
Nu A sai => C ng
Hoc c th gii h BTNTC , H => 3x + 3y = nCO2 ; 8x + 6y = 2nH2O => x = y = 0,1
Cu 65: Mt hn hp X gm 1 anken A v 1 ankin B, A v B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. X c khi lng l 12,4
gam, c th tch l 6,72 lt. Cc th tch kh o ktc. CTPT v s mol A, B trong hn hp X l:
A. 0,2 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,1 mol C
2
H
2
. B. 0,1 mol C
3
H
6
v 0,1 mol C
3
H
4
.
C. 0,2 mol C
3
H
6
v 0,1 mol C
3
H
4
. D. 0,1 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,2 mol C
2
H
2
.
Anken v Ankin c cng C => CT A:CnH2n ; B: CnH2n 2 A l anken ; B l ankin
Gi x , y l s mol ca A,B => m hn hp = 14n.x + (14n 2).y = 12,4 14n(x+y) 2y = 12,4
n hn hp = x + y = 0,3 mol => Th vo trn => 4,2n 2y = 12,4 4,2n = 12,4 + 2y
n > 12,4/4,2 =2,95 hay n > 2,95 => p n => n = 3 => C3H6 v C3H4 => Loi A v D
B sai v nhn hp = 0,2 # 0,3 => C
Cu 66: Mt hn hp A gm 2 hirocacbon X, Y lin tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng. t chy 11,2 lt hn hp
X thu c 57,2 gam CO
2
v 23,4 gam H2O. CTPT X, Y v khi lng ca X, Y l:
A. 12,6 gam C
3
H
6
v 11,2 gam C
4
H
8
. B. 8,6 gam C
3
H
6
v 11,2 gam C
4
H
8
.
C. 5,6 gam C
2
H
4
v 12,6 gam C
3
H
6
. D. 2,8 gam C
2
H
4
v 16,8 gam C
3
H
6
.
p n => CT dng :
CnH2n
Hoc da vo nCO2 = nH2O = 1,3 mol
Cch 1.m tng p n => Ph hp n hn hp = 0,5 mol ; a . nCaH2a + b . nCbH2b = nCO2 BT nguyn t C => C
ng
Cch 2. Gii nhanh : ta c
n
= nCO2 / nhh = 1,3 / 0,5 = 2,6 => C2H4 v C3H6 => Loi A , B
V 0,6nC2H4 = 0,4nC3H6 = 3nC2H4 = 2nC3H6 Xem phn chuyn 1 v cch xc nh t l da vo
n

=> Chn nC2H4 = 2x => nC3H6 = 3x


=> n hn hp = 2x + 3x = 0,5 => x = 0,1 => nC2H4 = 0,2 ; nC3H6 = 0,3 => m => C ng
Cu 67: t chy hon ton 0,05 mol mt anken A thu c 4,48 lt CO
2
(ktc). Cho A tc dng vi dung dch HBr
ch cho mt sn phm duy nht. CTCT ca A l:
A. CH
2
=CH
2
. B. (CH
3
)
2
C=C(CH
3
)
2
. C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)
2
. D. CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
.
Anken : CnH2n => n = nCO2 / nAnken = 4 => C4H8 ; A p vi HBr => to ra 1 sn phm => A l anken i xng
=> D tha mn
Cu 68: Hn hp X gm propen v B l ng ng theo t l th tch 1:1. t 1 th tch hn hp X cn 3,75 th tch
oxi (cng k). Vy B l:
A. eten. B. propan. C. buten. D. penten.
T l th tch = t l s mol => nPropen = nB
p n => A,C,D u l anken ui en => Xt Trng hp B l anken nu khng ng => B ng v A,C,D sai
B c CT : CnH2n ;
T l th V = t l s mol => Chn nX = 1 mol => nO2 = 3,75 mol ; nC3H6 = nB = 0,5 mol T l 1 : 1
Ta lun c nO2 = (x + y/4).nCxHy => 3,75 = (3+6/4).nC3H6 + (n+2n/4).nCnH2n
3,75 = 2,25 + (3n/2) . 0,5 n = 2 => C2H4 => eten => A
Cu 69: em t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip nhau thu c CO
2
v nc
c khi lng hn km nhau 6,76 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l:
A. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
. B. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
. C. C
4
H
8
v C
5
H
10
. D. C
5
H
10
v C
6
H
12
.
Ta lun c nCO2 =
n
.nAnken ; nH2O =
n
. nAnken C
n
H2
n
+ O2 =>
n
CO2 +
n
H2O Hoc bo ton nguyn
t
=> mCO2 mH2O = 44.
n
.0,1 18.
n
.0,1 = 6,76 =>
n
= 2,6 => n = 2 v n =3 Lin tip =>A
Cu 70: X, Y, Z la 3 hirocacbon k tip trong da y ng ng, trong o M
Z
= 2M
X
. t cha y hoan toan 0,1 mol Y ri
hp thu toan b san ph m cha y vao 2 li t dung di ch Ba(OH)
2
0,1M c m t lng kt tu a la:
A. 19,7 gam. B. 39,4 gam. C. 59,1 gam. D. 9,85 gam.
Ta thy X,Y,Z => C2H4 ; C3H6 v C4H8 xem li cc bi trn
0,1 mol YC3H6 => 0,3 mol CO2 BTNT C
ADCT : nCO3
2-
BaCO3= nOH
-
Bazo - nCO2 = 2nBa(OH)2 nCO2 = 2.0,2 0,3 = 0,1
Xem phn chuyn 1 C CT cu 65
m kt ta = 19,7 g =>A
trang 13
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 71: Chia hn hp gm C
3
H
6
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
thnh hai phn u nhau.
Phn 1: t chy hon ton thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc).
Phn 2: Hiro ho ri t chy ht th th tch CO
2
thu c (ktc) l bao nhiu ?
A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
Phn 1 => nC(trong hn hp) = nCO2 thu c
Phn 2=> nC (trong hn hp) = nCO2 thu c => nCO2 phn 1 = nCO2 phn 2 => V1 = V2 = 2,24 lt =>B
Khi hidro ha ch lm thay i H P cng H2 => khng lam thay i C => BT nguyn t C khng i.
Cu 72: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C
3
H
6
, CH
4
, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH
4
), thu c
24,0 ml CO
2
(cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh H
2
l:
A. 12,9. B. 25,8. C. 22,2. D. 11,1
T l th tch = t l s mol => 20 ml hn hp X => 24 ml CO2 20 mol X => 24 mol CO2
nCO = 2nCH4 Gi x,y l mol C3H6 v CH4 => nCO = 2y => n hn hp = nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO
= x + y + 2y = x + 3y = 20
BTNT C => 3nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO = nCO2 3x + y + 2y = 24 Gii h => x = 2 ;y = 6
nC3H6 = 2 ; nCH4 = 6 ; nCO = 12 => m hn hp = mC3H6 + mCH4 + mCO = 2.42 + 6.16 + 12.26 = 516
M hn hp = m hn hp / n hn hp = 516 / 20 = 25,8 => T khi vi H2 = 25,8/2 = 12,9 =>A
Cu 73: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol anken X thu c CO
2
v hi nc. Hp th hon ton sn phm bng 100 gam
dung dch NaOH 21,62% thu c dung dch mi trong nng ca NaOH ch cn 5%. Cng thc phn t ng
ca X l:
A. C
2
H
4
. B. C
3
H
6
. C. C
4
H
8
. D. C
5
H
10
.
Anken => CT : CnH2n => nCO2 = 0,1.n mol
CO2 p vi NaOH sau p thy d NaOH => CO2 ht ; NaOH d ( bi)
P : CO2 + 2NaOH => Na2CO3 + H2O => nNaOH p = 2nCO2 = 0,2n => mNaOH p = 8n (g)
m NaOH d = mNaOH ban u - mNaOH p = 100.21,62/100% - 8n = 21,62 8n
Ta c m dd sau p => mH2O + mCO2 + mddNaOH = 1,8 n + 4,4n + 100 (V cho ton b sn phm vo)
C% NaOH sau p = mNaOH d / mdd sau p
5% = (21,62-8n).100%/(4,4n + 1,8n +100) n = 2 => C2H4 (Chc chn n = 2 v 21,62 8n >0 => n < 2,7
n = 2 (Hoc c th th p n => A
Dng ny c CT : C% = (mNaOH ban u 8
n
) / (6,2
n
+ mddNaOH)
Cu 74: X la hn hp gm hirocacbon A va O
2
(ti l mol tng ng 1:10). t cha y hoan toan X c hn hp Y.
Dn Y qua binh H
2
SO
4
c d c hn Z co ti khi so v i hiro la 19. A co cng th c phn t la:
A. C
2
H
6
. B. C
4
H
8
. C C
4
H
6
. D. C
3
H
6
.
T l mol 1:10 => Chn nA = 1 mol => nO2 = 10 mol
t X => Y => cho Y qua H2SO4 c => H2O b H2SO4 hp th => hn hp Z l CO2 v O2 d V Nu ch c
CO2 => M = 44 m M = 38
Gi a , b l mol CO2 v O2 d => M = m hn hp / n hn hp = (44a + 32b) / (a+b) = 38
6a = 6b a = b ; Ta lun c x . nCxHy = nCO2 BT nguyn tt C x = nCO2 => x = a = b
Ta lun c nO2 p = (x + y/4) .nCxHy
nO2 ban u nO2 d = (x + y/4).nCxHy 10 x = (x +y/4) 2x + y/4 = 10 => Th p n
=> B tha mn x = 4 v y = 8
Cu 75: m gam hn hp gm C
3
H
6
, C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
chy hon ton thu c 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Nu hiro ho
hon ton m gam hn hp trn ri t chy ht hn hp thu c V lt CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,36. B. 2,24. C. 4,48. D. 1,12.
Xem bi 71 => C
Cu 76: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt
kh CO
2
. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc)
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
4
. B. CH
4
v C
3
H
4
. C. CH
4
v C
3
H
6
. D. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
6
.
p n => Hn hp X cha ankan => cn li 1,12 lt = Vankan V ankan ko p => nAnkan = 0,05 mol
Vcht cn li X = V hn hp Vankan = 1,68 1,12 = 0,56 lt => n X = 0,025 mol
Ta c nX = nBr2 = 0,025 mol => X c k = 1 hay c CT : CnH2n ; Y l ankan : CmH2m+2
Da vo cn li 1,68 lt => 2,8 lt => m.nAnkan + n.nanken = 0,125 m.0,05 + n.0,025 = 0,125
2m + n = 5 => m = 1 v n = 3 hoc m = 2 ; n =1 Loi n = 1 v khng c CnH2n no c n =1 ; n 2
=> m = 1 ; n = 3 => CH4 v C3H6 => C
Cu 77: Hn hp X gm C
3
H
8
va C
3
H
6
co ti khi so v i hiro la 21,8. t cha y h t 5,6 lit X (ktc) thi thu c bao
nhiu gam CO
2
va bao nhiu gam H
2
O ?
A. 33 gam va 17,1 gam. B. 22 gam va 9,9 gam. C. 13,2 gam va 7,2 gam.D. 33 gam va 21,6 gam.
Gi x , y l mol C3H8 v C3H6 => nhn hp = nC3H8 + nC3H6 = x + y = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25 mol
m hn hp = mC3H8 + mC3H6 = 44x + 42y = M hn hp . nhn hp = 21,8.2.0,25
trang 14
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
GIi h => x = 0,2 ; y = 0,05
BTNT C => 3nC3H8 + 3nC3H6 = nCO2 = 3.0,2 + 3.0,05 = 0,75 mol => mCO2 = 33 g
BTNT H => 8nC3H8 + 6nC3H6 = 2nH2O => . => mH2O = 17,1 g => A
Cu 78: Hin nay PVC c iu ch theo s sau:
C
2
H
4

CH
2
ClCH
2
Cl

C
2
H
3
Cl

PVC.
Nu hiu sut ton b qu trnh t 80% th lng C
2
H
4
cn dng sn xut 5000 kg PVC l:
A. 280 kg. B. 1792 kg. C. 2800 kg. D. 179,2 kg.
PVC : C2H3Cl SGK 11 nc 163 BT NT C => 2nC2H4 = 2nC2H3Cl nC2H4 = nC2H3Cl = 80mol
mC2H4 theo PT = 80.28 = 2240 mol
H% p = mPT . 100% / mTT 80% = 2240.100% / m TT => mTT = 2800 m Thc tt => C
Xem li H% bi 35
Cu 79: Thi 0,25 mol kh etilen qua 125 ml dung dch KMnO
4
1M trong mi trng trung tnh (hiu sut 100%)
khi lng etylen glicol thu c bng
A. 11,625 gam. B. 23,25 gam. C. 15,5 gam. D. 31 gam.
PT: SGK11 nc 162
3C2H4 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O => 3C2H4(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
0,25 0,125
=> nC2H4 d tnh theo nKMnO4 v 0,25.2 > 0,125.3 => nC2H4(OH)2 = 3nKMnO4 /2 = 0,1875 mol
=> m = 0,1875.62 = 11,625 g => A
Cu 80: kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO
4
0,2M to thnh cht rn mu nu en cn V lt kh C
2
H
4
( ktc).
Gi tr ti thiu ca V l:
A. 2,240. B. 2,688. C. 4,480. D. 1,344.
Thm cht rn mu nu en MnO2
PT bi 79 => nC2H4 = 3nKMnO4 /2 = 0,4.3/2 = 0,6 mol => V = 1,344 lt => D
Cu 81: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp i khi
lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Z, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d), thu c s
gam kt ta l:
A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10.
X,Y , Z k tip nhau + MZ = 2MX => X,Y,Z c cng thc : CnH2n v n = 2;3;4 Duy nht
=> Z l C4H8 ; its 0,1 mol C4H8 => 0,4 mol CO2 BTNT C => nCaCO3 kt ta = nCO2 = 0,4 mol
=> m = 40 g => B
Cu 82: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H
2
l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng
khi lng ca CO
2
v H
2
O thu c l:
A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam.
Propan C3H8 propen C3H6 ; Propin C3H4 => Nhn thy cng s C => CT : C3Hy
Ta c MY = 21,2.2 = 12.3 + y y = 6,4
PT : C3H6,4 + O2 => 3CO2 + 3,2H2O => nCO2 = 0,3 mol ; nH2O = 0,32 mol
=> Tng khi lng = mCO2 + mH2O = 0,3.44 + 0,32.18 = 18,96g
Cu 83: X la hn hp C
4
H
8
va O
2
(ti l mol tng ng 1:10). t cha y hoan toan X c hn hp Y. Dn Y qua binh
H
2
SO
4
c d c hn Z. Ti khi ca Z so vi hiro la
A.18. B. 19. C. 20. D. 21.
Ngc li bi 74 : T l 1 : 10 => chn nC4H8 = 1 mol => nO2 = 10 mol
nO2 p = (4 + 8/4) . nC4H8 = 6 mol => nO2 d = 4 mol
nCO2 to thnh = 4nC4H8 = 4mol => M sau khi hp th = (mCO2 + mO2 d) / (nCO2 + nO2 d) = 38
T khi vi H2 = 19 => B
Cu 84: Hn hp X gm 2 anken kh phn ng va vi dung dch cha 48 gam brom. Mt khc t chy hon
ton hn hp X dng ht 24,64 lt O
2
(ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l:
A. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
. B. C
2
H
4
v C
4
H
8
. C. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
. D. A v B u ng.
Anken p vi Br2 => nhn hp Anken = nBr2 = 0,3 mol k=1 Xem li CT: nBr2 = k.nX vi k = s pi
Gi cng thc trung ca hn hp 2 anken l C
n
H2
n

nO2 = ( n + 2n /4) . nCn H2 n nO2 = (x +y).nCxHy 1,1 = 3 n .0,3/ 2 n = 2,44 => A v B ng
n nm gia 2 s C ca 2 cht => D
Cu 85: t chy mt s mol nh nhau ca 3 hirocacbon K, L, M ta thu c lng CO
2
nh nhau v t l s mol
nc v CO
2
i vi s mol ca K, L, M tng ng l 0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5. CTPT ca K, L, M (vit theo th t tng ng) l:
A. C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
4
. B. C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
4
, C
2
H
4
. C. C
3
H
4
, C
3
H
6
, C
3
H
8
. D. C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
.
Xem li bi 99 chuyn 2
BI TP V ANKAIEN -TECPEN - ANKIN
trang 15
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 1: S ng phn thuc loi ankaien ng vi cng thc phn t C
5
H
8
l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
Ankandien => Ch ng phn hnh hc;
C5H8 c k = 2 Ankandien => c 2 lin kt i hay 2 pi Ankandien lin hp v khng lin hp SGK 11 nc 166
ng phn:
CH2 = C = CH CH2 CH3 ; => ko c p hnh hc => 1
CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 ; => c p hnh hc ni i th 2=> 2
CH2 = CH CH2 CH =CH2 ; => ko c p hh => 1
CH3 CH=C=CH CH3 ; => ko c p hh => 1
CH2 = C =C(CH3)-CH3 => ko c p hh => 1
CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 => ko c p hh => 1
=> Tng c 7 => D
Cu 2: C
5
H
8
c bao nhiu ng phn ankaien lin hp ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Lin hp => 2 ni i gn nhau .
Cu 1 => CH2 = C = CH CH2 CH3 ; => ko c p hnh hc => 1
CH3 CH=C=CH CH3 ; => ko c p hh => 1
CH2 = C =C(CH3)-CH3 => ko c p hh => 1
=> 3 p => B
Cu 3: Trong cc hirocacbon sau: propen, but-1-en, but-2-en, penta-1,4- ien, penta-1,3- ien hirocacbon cho c
hin tng ng phn cis - trans ?
A. propen, but-1-en. B. penta-1,4-dien, but-1-en.
C. propen, but-2-en. D. but-2-en, penta-1,3- ien.
But 1 en CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 ko c p hnh hc => Loi A v B
Propen khng c ng phn hnh hc : CH2 = CH CH3 ko c => Loi C => D
But 2n : CH3 CH=CH CH3 ; Penta 1,3 ien : CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 p hnh hc lin kt pi th 2
=> D
Cu 4: Cng thc phn t ca buta-1,3-ien (ivinyl) v isopren (2-metylbuta-1,3-ien) ln lt l
A. C
4
H
6
v C
5
H
10
. B. C
4
H
4
v C
5
H
8
. C. C
4
H
6
v C
5
H
8
. D. C
4
H
8
v C
5
H
10
.
Thy c 2 cht u c ui ien => k = 2 2 lin kt pi => CnH2n 2 => C tha mn
Buta 1,3 ien : CH2 = CH CH = CH2 ; 2 metylbuta 1,3 ien => C4H6
CH2 = C(CH3) CH = CH2 => C5H8
Cu 5: Hp cht no trong s cc cht sau c 9 lin kt xch ma v 2 lin kt ?
A. Buta-1,3-ien. B. Penta-1,3- ien. C. Stiren. D. Vinyl axetilen.
Xem li cu 7 phn anken => Cng thc tnh lin kt xch ma ;
2 lin kt pi => CT : CnH2n-2 Xem li phn tm CT 2 cch chuyn 1
Lin kt xch ma = s C + s H 1 = 9 s C + s H = 8 = n + 2n 2 = 10 n = 4 => C4H6 => A
D c 3 lin kt pi :CH2=CH-C=*CH Ch =* l ni 3
Vinyl : CH2=CH
Cu 6: Hp cht no trong s cc cht sau c 7 lin kt xch ma v 3 lin kt ?
A. Buta-1,3-ien. B. Tuloen. C. Stiren. D. Vinyl axetilen.
Tng t bi 5: 3 lin kt pi => CT : CnH2n 4 ;
=> S lin kt xch ma = n + 2n 4 - 1 = 7 n = 4 => D:C4H4
Cu 7: Cho phn ng gia buta-1,3-ien v HBr -80
o
C (t l mol 1:1), sn phm chnh ca phn ng l
A. CH
3
CHBrCH=CH
2
. B. CH
3
CH=CHCH
2
Br. C. CH
2
BrCH
2
CH=CH
2
.D. CH
3
CH=CBrCH
3
.
nhit -80
o
C => Br C bc cao ; v sn phm cng v tr 1,2 SGK 11nc 167
1(I) 2(III)
CH2=CH CH=CH2 + HBr => CH3-CHBr CH=CH2 => A
1 2 3 4
Ch cch cng : R C = CR CR = C R => cng vo v tr 1,2 hoc 1 ,4
v cht phi c dng nh zy R c th l H hoc hidrocabon ; halogen
VD: CH3 C=C(CH3) C(C2H5)=C-C3H7 ; CH2=CH CH =CH2 ; .
Mnh hiu l cng vo v tr 1,2 ni i 1 hoc 1,4 ni i 1 v ni i 4 a lin kt i vo trong
1,2,3,4 l v tr C cha lin kt i Ch khng phi nh s th t C
Cu 8: Cho phn ng gia buta-1,3-ien v HBr 40
o
C (t l mol 1:1), sn phm chnh ca phn ng l
A. CH
3
CHBrCH=CH
2
. B. CH
3
CH=CHCH
2
Br. C. CH
2
BrCH
2
CH=CH
2
.D. CH
3
CH=CBrCH
3
.
nhit 40
o
C => Br C bc cao v sn phm ng v tr 1,4 v chuyn ni i vo trongSGK 11nc 167
CH2=CH CH=CH2 + HBr => CH3-CH=CH-CH2Br => B
1 2 3 4
trang 16
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Ch c p cng 1,4 => Cht c dng R C =C C =C R 2 lin kt i cch nhau 1 v tr
Cu 9: 1 mol buta-1,3-ien c th phn ng ti a vi bao nhiu mol brom ?
A. 1 mol. B. 1,5 mol. C. 2 mol. D. 0,5 mol.
Buta 1,3 ien => 2 lin kt pi => ADCT : nBr2 = k.nX => nBr2 = 2nX = 2mol k l tng s pi =>C
Cu 10: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch Br
2
theo t l mol 1:1 to ra ti a bao nhiu sn phm ?
A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.
Isopren : CH2 =C(CH3)-CH=CH2 SGK 11nc 168
V cho l ti a => Br2 cng vo ni i 1 => 1
Br2 cng vo ni i 2 => 1
Br2 cng vo c 2 ni i => 1
Br2 cng vo v tr 1,4 =>1 CH2Br C(CH3)=CH-CH2Br => 4 sn phm
Bi ny mnh ang thc mc => c trng hp phn ng th vi gc CH3 khng nh - khng bo l phn ng
cng ch c t l 1 : 1
Cu 11: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch HBr theo t l mol 1:1 to ra ti a bao nhiu sn phm cng ?
A. 8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
Phn ng vi dung dch HBr theo t l 1 :1 => sn phm cng => Ch cng 1 HBr
CH2 =C(CH3)-CH=CH2 => 1 ni i => 2 sn phm chnh v ph => 2 ni i c 4 sn phm Cng theo quy tc
macopnhicop SGK 11nc 161
Cng vo v tr 1,2 ging 2 trng hp trn=> khng
Cng vo v tr 1,4 c 2 sn phm ; BrCH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH3 ng phn hnh hc
; CH3 C(CH3)=CH-CH2Br => 3
=> Tng = 4 + 3 = 7 =>C
Cu 12: Cht no sau y khng phi l sn phm cng gia dung dch brom v isopren (theo t l mol 1:1) ?
A. CH
2
BrC(CH
3
)BrCH=CH
2
. B. CH
2
BrC(CH
3
)=CHCH
2
Br.
C. CH
2
BrCH=CHCH
2
CH
2
Br. D. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)CHBrCH
2
Br.
Iso pren c nhnh => C khng tha mn
Cu 13: Ankaien A + brom (dd)

CH
3
C(CH
3
)BrCH=CHCH
2
Br. Vy A l
A. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien. B. 2-metylpenta-2,4-ien.
C. 4-metylpenta-1,3-ien. D. 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien.
Sn phm CH3 CBr(CH3)CH = CH CH2Br sn phm cng v tr 1,4V ni i gia

5 4 3 2 1
cht A ; CH3 C(CH3)=CH CH=CH2 => 4 metylpenta 1,3 ien
cch gi tn s ch v tr mch nhnh mch chnh s ch v tr ien
Vi cch nh s C gn lin kt i nht ien ch c 2 lin kt i tr ln
Cu 14: Ankaien B + Cl
2

CH
2
ClC(CH
3
)=CH-CH
2
Cl-CH
3
. Vy A l
A. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien. B. 4-metylpenta-2,4-ien.
C. 2-metylpenta-1,4-ien. D. 4-metylpenta-2,3-ien.
1 2 3 4 5
Ging 13 cng vo 1,4 => CH3 =C(CH3)-CH=CH-CH3 => 2 metyl penta 1,3 ien => A
Cu 15: Cho 1 Ankaien A + brom(dd)

1,4-ibrom-2-metylbut-2-en. Vy A l
A. 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien. C. 3-metylbuta-1,3-ien.
B. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien. D. 3-metylpenta-1,3-ien.
1 2 3 4
1,4 ibrom 2 metylbut 2 en => CH2Br C(CH3)=CH CH2Br cng vo v tr 1,4
1 2 3 4
=> A : CH2 = C(CH3)-C=CH2 => 2 metylbuta 1,3 ien => A
Cu 16: Trng hp ivinyl to ra cao su Buna c cu to l ?
A. (-C
2
H-CH-CH-CH
2
-)
n
. B. (-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-)
n
.
C. (-CH
2
-CH-CH=CH
2
-)
n
. D. (-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-)
n
.
ivinyl hay 2vinyl Vinyl : CH2 =CH- => ivinyl : CH2=CH-CH=CH2
trng hp => (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n => B
Trng hp l tch ht ni i thnh ni n ri ni vo nhau
VD: CH2 = CH2 => tch ni i : -CH2 - CH2 => -CH2 CH2-
CH2=CH-CH = CH2 ; tch ; CH2=CH => -CH2-CH -
Tch CH = CH2 => - CH CH2 - => ni vi nhau => -CH2 CH = CH CH2 -
Cu 17: ng trng hp ivinyl v stiren thu c cao su buna-S c cng thc cu to l
A. (-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH(C
6
H
5
)-CH
2
-)
n
. B. (-C
2
H-CH-CH-CH
2
-CH(C
6
H
5
)-CH
2
-)
n
.
C. (-CH
2
-CH-CH=CH
2
- CH(C
6
H
5
)-CH
2
-)
n
. D. (-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
- CH(C
6
H
5
)-CH
2
-)
n
.
trang 17
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Stiren SGK 11 nc 194 C6H5-CH=CH2 ; ivinyl : CH2=CH-CH=CH2
P SGK 11 nc 195
P ng trng hp Tch ht cc lin kt i ban u ri ni vi nhau => A
Cu 18: ng trng hp ivinyl v acrylonitrin (vinyl xianua) thu c cao su buna-N c cng thc cu to l
A. (-C
2
H-CH-CH-CH
2
-CH(CN)-CH
2
-)
n
. B. (-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
- CH(CN)-CH
2
-)
n
.
C. (-CH
2
-CH-CH=CH
2
- CH(CN)-CH
2
-)
n
. D. (-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH(CN)-CH
2
-)
n
.
ivinyl : CH2=CH2-CH=CH2 ;
Vinyl xiannua : CN - CH=CH2 => ng trng hp => (-CH2-CH2=CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n => D
Cu 19: Trng hp isopren to ra cao su isopren c cu to l
A. (-C
2
H-C(CH
3
)-CH-CH
2
-)
n
. C. (-CH
2
-C(CH
3
)-CH=CH
2
-)
n
.
B. (-CH
2
-C(CH
3
)=CH-CH
2
-)
n
. D. (-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CH
2
-)
n
.
SGK 11nc 198 =>B
Isopren : CH2=CH(CH)3-CH=CH2 => (-CH2-CH(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n => B
Cu 20: Tn gi ca nhm hirocacbon khng no c cng thc chung l (C
5
H
8
)
n
(n 2) l
A. ankaien. B. cao su. C. anlen. D. tecpen.
SGK 11 nc 171.
Cu 21: Caroten (licopen) l sc t mu ca c rt v c chua chn, cng thc phn t ca caroten l
A. C
15
H
25
. B. C
40
H
56
. C. C
10
H
16
. D. C
30
H
50
.
SGK 11 Nng cao-171
Cu 22: Oximen c trong tinh du l hng qu, limonen c trong tinh du chanh. Chng c cng cng thc phn t l
A. C
15
H
25
. B. C
40
H
56
. C. C
10
H
16
. D. C
30
H
50
.
SGK Ha hc 11 Nng cao-171
Cu 23: C
4
H
6
c bao nhiu ng phn mch h ?
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
(CH
2
=C=CH-CH
3
; CH
2
= CH-CH=CH
2
; CHC-CH
2
-CH
3
;
CH
3
-CC-CH
3
. CT C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
Cl
u
Na
v


khng no=(2x-y+t-u-v+2)/2. khng no ca C
4
H
6
l 2.==> TH1:0 vng,2 lk
i; TH2:0 vng,1 lk ba;TH3:1 vng,1 lk i;v l mch h nn ch xy ra TH1 v TH2,sau dch chuyn v tr ca
cc ni i, ba to ra ng phn.)
Cu 24: C bao nhiu ankin ng vi cng thc phn t C
5
H
8
?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4
(CHC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
; CH
3
-CC-CH
2
-CH
3
; CH
3
-CH
2
-CC-CH
3
)
Cu 25: Ankin C
4
H
6
c bao nhiu ng phn cho phn ng th kim loi (phn ng vi dung dch cha AgNO
3
/NH
3
)
A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
(CH
3
-CH
2
-CCH .Nguyn t H nh vo C mang lk ba linh ng hn rt nhiu so vi H nh vi C mang lk i,
n,nn c th b thay th bng nguyn t KL.Nhng ch xy ra cc ankin co lk ba u mch R-CH)
Cu 26: C bao nhiu ng phn ankin C
5
H
8
tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
to kt ta
A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.
Nh cu 25 => cht c dng R CH (CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CCH , CH3-CH(CH3)-CCH )
Cu 27: Ankin C
6
H
10
c bao nhiu ng phn phn ng vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 25: (CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CCH ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CCH ;
CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CCH ; CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) CCH)
Cu 28: Trong phn t ankin X, hiro chim 11,111% khi lng. C bao nhiu ankin ph hp
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4
(CT ankin C
x
H
y
.% C = 100-11,111=88,889%.x:y=88,889/12 : 11,111/1=2:3==> (C
2
H
3
)
n
=> n =2 hay C4H6 ;
Cu 29: Cho ankin X c cng thc cu to sau :
Tn ca X l
CH
3
C C CH CH
3
CH
3
A. 4-metylpent-2-in. B. 2-metylpent-3-in. C. 4-metylpent-3-in. D. 2-metylpent-4-in.
S ch v tr Tn nhnh / tn mch chnh/ - s ch v tr in
Mch chnh l mch c lk i, di nht v c nhiu nhnh nht.nh s C mch chnh bt u t pha gn lk i
hn.S ch v tr lk i ghi ngay trc ui in)
Cu 30: Cho phn ng : C
2
H
2
+ H
2
O

A
A l cht no di y
A. CH
2
=CHOH. B. CH
3
CHO. C. CH
3
COOH. D. C
2
H
5
OH.
P SGK 11 nc - 177
(p cng H
2
O ca ankin:H
2
O cng vo lk ba to ra hp cht trung gian khng bn v chuyn thnh andehit hoc
xeton) Quy tc h bin ca ru c OH gn vi C lin kt i c dng R CH=CH-OH , R- C(OH)=CH2 s b
chuyn thnh andehit hoc xeton .
R-CH=CH-OH => R CH2 CHO ; R- C(OH)=CH2 => R C(O) CH3
Cu 31: Cho s phn ng sau: CH
3
-CCH + AgNO
3
/ NH
3

X + NH
4
NO
3

trang 18
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
X c cng thc cu to l?
A. CH
3
-CAgCAg. B. CH
3
-CCAg. C. AgCH
2
-CCAg.D. A, B, C u c th ng.
(p th bng ion KL ca ankin:nguyn t H nh vo C mang lk ba b thay th bng nguyn t KL Ag)
Ag ch th vo H lin kt vi C ni 3 u mch
Cu 32: Trong s cc hirocacbon mch h sau: C
4
H
10
, C
4
H
6
, C
4
H
8
, C
3
H
4
, nhng hirocacbon no c th to kt ta
vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
?
A. C
4
H
10
,C
4
H
8
. B. C
4
H
6
, C
3
H
4
. C. Ch c C
4
H
6
. D. Ch c C
3
H
4
.
(RH c th to kt ta vi dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
l ankin loi C
4
H
10
(ankan)

v C
4
H
8
(anken hoc xicloankan) ,ch
c th l C
4
H
6
v C
3
H
4
)
Cu 33: Hn hp A gm hiro v cc hirocacbon no, cha no. Cho A vo bnh c niken xc tc, un nng bnh mt
thi gian ta thu c hn hp B. Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. t chy hon ton hn hp A cho s mol CO
2
v s mol nc lun bng s mol CO
2
v s mol nc khi
t chy hon ton hn hp B.
B. S mol oxi tiu tn t hon ton hn hp A lun bng s mol oxi tiu tn khi t hon ton hn hp B.
C. S mol A - S mol B = S mol H
2
tham gia phn ng.
D. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp A bng khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp B.
A ng v bo ton nguyn t C v H trc v sau p . Ta c hn hp A p to thnh hn hp B
=> Tng s H , C trong hn hp A = Tng s H,C trong hn hp B V hn hp A ch c H v C , nh H2 l H ,
hidrocacbon no , ko n cng cha H v C
B ng . nu ta gi CT tng qut ca hn hp A l CxHy V thnh phn ch cha C , H => hn hp B cng l CxHy
Bo ton nguyn t trc v sau p => u t chy cng mt lng O2.
C ng.
Cu 34: Cht no trong 4 cht di y c th tham gia c 4 phn ng: Phn ng chy trong oxi, phn ng cng
brom, phn ng cng hiro (xc tc Ni, t
o
), phn ng th vi dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
A. etan. B. etilen. C. axetilen. D. xiclopropan.
(mi cht hu c u tham gia p chy trong O
2
.ankan khng tham gia p cng Br loi A.etilen v xiclopropan
khng tham gia p th vi AgNO
3/
/NH
3
loi B,D.ch c axetilen c th tham gia c 4 p :C)
Cu 35: Cu no sau y sai ?
A. Ankin c s ng phn t hn anken tng ng.
B. Ankin tng t anken u c ng phn hnh hc.
C. Hai ankin u dy khng c ng phn.
D. Butin c 2 ng phn v tr nhm chc.
(ankin khng c ng phn hnh hc v k c lk i khng phi lk ba)
Cu 36: Cho cc phn ng sau:
CH
4
+ Cl
2
1 : 1
askt
(1)

(2) C
2
H
4
+ H
2

(3) 2 CHCH

(4) 3 CHCH

(5) C
2
H
2
+ Ag
2
O

(6) Propin + H
2
O

S phn ng l phn ng oxi ho kh l:


A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
(1) CH
4
+ Cl
2
CH
3
Cl + HCl
(2) C
2
H
4
+ H
2
C
2
H
6
(3) 2 CHCH CH
2
=CH-CCH
(4) 3 CHCH C
6
H
6
(5) C
2
H
2
+ Ag
2
O AgCCAg+H
2
O
(6) Propin + H
2
O C
2
H
5
CHO
Xem p no c s thay i s OXH l p OXH-K => 1 , 2 ,3 , 6 => C : 4
Cch xc nh s oxi ha C trong cht hu c.
(Cc s oxi ha ca cc cht O , H , N , halogen th vn vy)
+ Trong hp cht hu c th tch ring tng nhm Cn ra tnh
VD : CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CH3 => CH3 | CH2 | CH | CH3 | CH3 => -3|-2|-1|-3|-3
+ Nu nhm chc khng cha C (halogen , -OH , -O-,NH2) thnh tnh s Oxihoa C gn c nhm chc.
VD: CH3 CH(Br)-CH3 => CH3 | CHBr | CH3 => -3 | 0 | -3
CH3 CH2 CH2OH => CH3 | CH2 | CH2OH => -3 | -2 | -1
CH3 O CH2 CH3 => CH3 O| O CH2 | CH3 => -2 | -1 | -3
+ Nu nhm chc c C th tnh ring.
VD : CH3 CHO => CH3 | CHO => -3 | +1
CH3 COOH => CH3 | COOH => -3 | +3
P 1 thy Cl2 => HCL Cl
0
+ e => Cl
-1
; C
-4
-2e => C
-2
CH3CL
trang 19
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
P 2 thy H2 => C2H6 => H
0
- e => H
+1
; C
-2
+ e=> C
-3

P 3 thy 2CHCH => CH2=CH-CCH : C
-1
+ e => C
-2
; C
-1
- e => C
0

P 6 thy propin CH3-CCH => -3 | 0 | -1 => C2H5CHO => CH3 CH2 CHO => -3 | -2 | +1 ;
C
0
+ 2e => C
-2
; C
-1
- 2e => C
+1

=> 4 p. => C
Cu 37: Cho dy chuyn ho sau: CH
4

Cao su buna. Cng thc phn t ca B l


A. C
4
H
6
. B. C
2
H
5
OH. C. C
4
H
4
. D. C
4
H
10
.
Caosu buna => (-CH=CH CH=CH-)n => C l C4H6 => Loi A
Thm mt st p
2 3
o
Al O
2 5 2 2 2 2
450 C
2C H OH CH =CH-CH=CH +2H O+H
Pd
2 2 2 2
CH =CH-C=*CH+H CH =CH-CH=CH
0
Na, t
2 2
C4H10 CH =CH-CH=CH +2H2
Ch ny phi linh hot cht khng b la nu cho c 3 p n.
Da vo A => B ; to thnh C2H5OH => A l C2H4 hoc C2H5X X l halogen
=> to thnh C2H4 t CH4 khng c p no
to thnh C4H4 vinylaxetilen => A l C2H2 hoc C4H8
M t 2CH4 => C2H2 + 3H2 P 1500
0
C lm lnh nhanh => C4H4 ng => C
C4H10 => A l C4H6 , C4H8 nhng CH4 khng th iu ch c.
Cu 38: C chui phn ng sau:
N + H
2


B
D

HCl
E (spc)

KOH
D
Xc nh N, B, D, E bit rng D l mt hidrocacbon mch h, D ch c 1 ng phn.
A. N : C
2
H
2
; B : Pd ; D : C
2
H
4
; E : CH
3
CH
2
Cl.
B. N : C
4
H
6
; B : Pd ; D : C
4
H
8
; E : CH
2
ClCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
.
C. N : C
3
H
4
; B : Pd ; D : C
3
H
6
; E : CH
3
CHClCH
3
.
D. N : C
3
H
4
; B : Pd ; D : C
3
H
6
; E : CHCH
2
CH
2
Cl.
bi => D ch c 1 ng phn => Loi B v D: C4H8 to ra do p E p => CH2=CH-CH2 CH2 ; CH3 CH =
CH CH3 ng phn hnh hc)
E l sn phm chnh .=> Loi D v p CH2 = CH CH3 (C3H6) + HCL => spc CH3 CHCL CH3 , sn phm ph
l CH2CL CH2 CH3.
Loi A v E l sn phm chnh nu D l C2H4 s to ra mt sn phm. P C2H4 + HCL => C2H5CL
=> C ng
Cu 39: Cht no sau y khng iu ch trc tip c axetilen ?
A. Ag
2
C
2
. B. CH
4
. C. Al
4
C
3
. D. CaC
2
.
Ag
2
C
2
+ 2HCl C
2
H
2
+ 2AgCl
2CH
4
C
2
H
2
+ 3 H
2
k 1500 oC, lm lnh nhanh
CaC
2
+ 2H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
+ C
2
H
2
Al
4
C
3
+12H
2
O 4Al(OH)
3
+ 3CH
4
2CH
4
C
2
H
2
+ 3 H
2

=> C
Cu 40: lm sch etilen c ln axetilen ta cho hn hp i qua dd no sau y ?
A. dd brom d. B. dd KMnO
4
d. C. dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
d. D. cc cch trn u ng.
(anken,ankin tham gia p cng halogen(Br), p OXH (KMnO
4
):lm mt mu thuc tm loi A,B,D.Ankin c th
t/d vi dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
d cn an ken th khng :C)
Cu 41: nhn bit cc bnh ring bit ng cc kh khng mu sau y: SO
2
, C
2
H
2
, NH
3
ta c th dng ho cht
no sau y ?
A. Dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
.B. Dung dch Ca(OH)
2
C. Qu tm m. D. Dung dch NaOH
Cu 42: X l mt hirocacbon kh ( ktc), mch h. Hiro ho hon ton X thu c hirocacbon no Y c khi
lng phn t gp 1,074 ln khi lng phn t X. Cng thc phn t X l
A. C
2
H
2
. B. C
3
H
4
. C. C
4
H
6
. D. C
3
H
6
.
p n => A,B,C u l c dng CnH2n-2
Xt A,B,C nu sai th => D ng
PT : CnH2n-2 + 2nH2 => CnH2n+2 Hidro ha l p cng H2 vo lin kt pi + Thu c hidrocabon no
Chn 1 mol CnH2n-2 => to thnh 1 mol CnH2n+2
=> 14n + 2 = 1,074(14n-2) n = 4 => C4H6 => C
trang 20
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 43: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
6
H
6
mch thng. Bit 1 mol X tc dng vi AgNO
3
d trong NH
3
to ra
292 gam kt ta. CTCT ca X c th l
A. CH CCCCH
2
CH
3
. C. CHCCH
2
CH=C=CH
2
.
B. CHCCH
2
CCCH
3
. D. CHCCH
2
CH
2
CCH.
C6H6 c k = (2.6 -6 +2)/2 = 4 pi => cc p n u tha mn
iu kin to ra kt ta => X c dng RCH + [Ag(NH3)2]OH => RCAg + 2H2O + 2NH3 P SGK 11nc 177
Thc t l th Ag vo H
Ta lun c nRCH = nRCAg
Mo gii nhanh
V M kt ta = MX + 108 1 = MX + 107 TH1 th 1H
M kt ta = MX + 2.108 2 = MX + 214 TH2 Th 2H
Ta c M C6H6 = 78
V M kt ta = 292 => Tha mn TH2 => Th 2H => X c dng HC C RCH
Tng qut l c 2 ni 3 C u v cui => D tha mn :CHCCH2CH2CCH
Cu 44: Mt hirocacbon A mch thng c CTPT C
6
H
6
. Khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
d thu c
hp cht hu c B c M
B
- M
A
=214 vC. Xc nh CTCT ca A ?
A. CHCCH
2
CH
2
CCH. B. CH
3
C CCH
2
CCH.
C. CHCCH(CH
3
)CCH. D. CH
3
CH
2
CCCCH.
A l mch thng => Loi C
Ta c MB MA = 214 =>TH2 => C 2 ni 3 C u v cui => A
Cu 45: A la hirocacbon ma ch h , th khi (kt), bi t A 1 mol A tac dung c t i a 2 mol Br
2
trong dung dich to
ra hp cht B (trong B brom chim 80 % v khi lng. V y A co cng thc phn t la
A. C
5
H
8
. B. C
2
H
2
. C. C
4
H
6
. D. C
3
H
4
.
1 mol p ti a 2 molBr2 => k =2 => CT A: CnH2n-2 Hoc t p n
PT : CnH2n-2 +2Br2 => CnH2n-2Br2 => %Br = 160.100% / (14n 2 + 160) = 80% n = 3 => C3H4 =>D
Cu 46: 4 gam mt ankin X c th lm mt mu ti a 100 ml dung dch Br
2
2M. CTPT X l
A. C
5
H
8
. B. C
2
H
2
. C. C
3
H
4
. D. C
4
H
6
.
Ankin :CnH2n-2 => k= 2=> 2nX = nBr2 nX = 0,1 mol => MX = 40 = 14n 2 n = 3 => C3H4
Cu 47: X l mt hirocacbon khng no mch h, 1 mol X c th lm mt mu ti a 2 mol brom trong nc. X c %
khi lng H trong phn t l 10%. CTPT X l
A. C
2
H
2
. B. C
3
H
4
. C. C
2
H
4
. D. C
4
H
6
.
1 mol p 2mol Br2 =>CT X : CnH2n-2 => %H = (2n-2).100%/(14n-2) = 10% n = 3 =>C3H4
Cu 48: X l hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon mch h (thuc dy ng ng ankin, anken, ankan). Cho 0,3 mol X lm
mt mu va 0,5 mol brom. Pht biu no di y ng
A. X c th gm 2 ankan. B. X c th gm2 anken.
C. X c th gm1 ankan v 1 anken. D. X c th gm1 anken v mt ankin.
Gi k1,k2 ln lt l s pi ca cht A v B v x , y ln lt l s mol ca A ,B
x + y = 0,3 ; k1.x + k2.y = 0,5
Xt A. A,B u l ankan => k1,k2 = 0 => Sai v k1.x + k2.y = 0,5
Xt B. Gm 2 anken => k1 = k2 = 1 => Gii h v nghim => loi
Xt C. A l ankan , B l anken => k1 = 0 ; k2 = 1 ; gii h v nghim => loi
Xt D. Anken v ankin => k1 = 1 ; k2 = 2 ; gii h => x , y => tha mn =>D
Ngoi ra 2 ankin cng loi
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm 1 ankin th kh v hiro c t khi hi so vi CH
4
l 0,425. Nung nng hn hp X vi xc
tc Ni phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi hi so vi CH
4
l 0,8. Cho Y i qua bnh ng dung
dch brom d, khi lng bnh tng ln bao nhiu gam ?
A. 8. B. 16. C. 0. D. Khng tnh c.
Cu 50: Hn hp A gm C
2
H
2
v H
2
c dA/H
2
= 5,8. Dn A (ktc) qua bt Ni nung nng cho n khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton ta c hn hp B. Phn trm th tch mi kh trong hn hp A v dB/H
2
l
A. 40% H
2
; 60% C
2
H
2
; 29. B. 40% H
2
; 60% C
2
H
2
; 14,5.
C. 60% H
2
; 40% C
2
H
2
; 29. D. 60% H
2
; 40% C
2
H
2
; 14,5.
Xem bi 53 phn anken => Chn 1 mol C2H2 = x => M hn hp A = mA/n hn hp A
5,8.2 = (26 + 2y) / (1+y) y = 1,5 mol ;H% = 100 P hon ton
=> %C2H2 = x / (x+y) = 1 / (1 + 1,5) = 40% => %H2= 60%
PT : C2H2 + 2H2 => C2H6
Ban u 1 mol 1,5mol
P 0,75mol<= 1,5 mol => 0,75 mol
Sau p 0,25mol 0,75 mol
n sau p = nC2H2 d + nC2H6 to thnh = 0,25 + 0,75 = 1 mol
trang 21
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
m trc = msau = mC2H2 + mH2 = 26 + 1,5.2 = 29 g
M sau = 29 => T khi vi H2 = 29/2 = 14,5 =>D
Cu 51: Mt hn hp gm etilen v axetilen c th tch 6,72 lt (ktc). Cho hn hp qua dung dch brom d
phn ng xy ra hon ton, lng brom phn ng l 64 gam. Phn % v th tch etilen v axetilen ln lt l
A. 66%

v 34%. B. 65,66%

v 34,34%.
C. 66,67%

v 33,33%. D. Kt qu khc.
Etilen C2H4 ; k = 1 Axetilen C2H2 ; k=2 Gi x , y ln lt l s mol C2H4 ; C2H2
n hn hp = x + y = 0,3 mol ; nBr2 = nC2H4 + 2nC2H2 x + 2y = 0,4
Gii h =>x =0,2 ; y = 0,1 => %VC2H4 = x / (x+y) = 0,2 / 0,3 = 66,67% => %C2H2 = 33,33% =>C
Cu 52: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh CH
4
v C
2
H
2
tc dng vi 10 lt H
2
(Ni, t
o
). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 16 lt hn hp kh (cc kh u o cng iu kin nhit p sut). Th tch ca CH
4
v C
2
H
2
trc phn ng
l
A. 2 lt v 8 lt. B. 3 lt v 7 lt. C. 8 lt v 2 lt. D. 2,5 lt v 7,5 lt.
Gi x , y ln lt l V CH4 v C2H2 => x + y = 10 ;
Ch c C2H2 mi p vi H2
C2H2 + 2H2 => C2H6
Ban u y lt 10 lt
P y => 2y => y
Sau p 10 2y y lt
V sau khi p => x + 10 2y + y = 16 x y = 6
Gii h => x = 8 v y = 2 => C
Cu 53: Cho 28,2 gam hn hp X gm 3 ankin ng ng k tip qua mt lng d H
2
(t
o
, Ni) phn ng xy ra
hon ton. Sau phn ng th tch th tch kh H
2
gim 26,88 lt (ktc). CTPT ca 3 ankin l
A. C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6
. B. C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6
, C
5
H
8
.
C. C
4
H
6
, C
5
H
8
, C
6
H
10
.

D. C A, B u ng.
Th tch H2 gim = th tch H2 p = 26,88 lt => nH2 p = 1,2 mol => nhn hp = nH2 / 2 = 0,6 mol
M hn hp = mhn hp / n hn hp 28,2/ 0,6 = 47 = 14 n - 2 Cn H2 n -2 ankin
n = 3,5 => Loi C v c 3 cht u c s C > 3,5 ; A, B tha mn nm gia => D
Cu 54: Hn hp X gm propin v mt ankin A c t l mol 1:1. Ly 0,3 mol X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
d thu c 46,2 gam kt ta. A l
A. But-1-in. B. But-2-in.

C. Axetilen. D. Pent-1-in.
n Propin = nA = 0,15 mol T l 1 :1 + nX = 0,3 mol
Xem li bi 43.
C3H4 ; CH3-CCH => CH3-CCAg
=> m kt ta to thnh do p A = 46,2 mCH3-CCAg = 46,2 0,15.147 = 24,15 g
=> M kt ta = 24,15/0,15 = 161 = MX + 107 TH1
=> MX = 54 = 14n 2 Ankin :CnH2n-2 n = 4 => C4H8 => A V tha mn iu kin to kt ta R CH
CHC-CH2-CH3 : but 1 in
Cu 55: Trong bnh kn cha hirocacbon X v hiro. Nung nng bnh n khi phn ng hon ton thu c kh Y
duy nht. cng nhit , p sut trong bnh trc khi nung nng gp 3 ln p sut trong bnh sau khi nung. t chy
mt lng Y thu c 8,8 gam CO
2
v 5,4 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
2
. B. C
2
H
4
. C. C
4
H
6
. D. C
3
H
4
.
nCO2 = 0,2 mol ; nH2O = 0,3 mol => Y cha ankan nH2O > nCO2
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 0,2 / (0,3 0,2) = 2 => C2H6 Kh Y kh duy nht
Ta c p sut trc = 3 p sut sau + cng nhit + bnh kn Th tch khng i
n hn hp trc = 3 n hn hp sau v n = P.V/T.0,082 M p xy ra hon ton thu c 1 sn phm => cc
cht tham gia p ht
Ch c Ankin : CnH2n- 2 + 2H2 => CnH2n+2 mi tha mn iu kin v
xmol => 2x mol => x mol
n trc = nCnH2n-2 + nH2 = 3x ; n sau = x => n trc = 3n sau
m n = 2 => C2H2 => A
Cu 56: t chy hon ton mt ankin X th kh thu c H
2
O v CO
2
c tng khi lng l 23 gam. Nu cho sn
phm chy i qua dung dich Ca(OH)
2
d, c 40 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
4
. B. C
2
H
2
. C. C
4
H
6
. D. C
5
H
8
.
nCO2 = nCaCO3 kt ta = 0,4 mol => mCO2 = 0,4.44= 17,6 g => nCO2 = 0,4 mol
mH2O = 23 17,6 = 5,4 g => nH2O = 0,3 mol
=> n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) CnH2n-2Oz = 0,4 / (0,4 0,3) = 4 => C4H6
trang 22
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 57: t chy hon ton 5,4 gam mt hirocacbon A ri cho sn phm chy i qua bnh 1 ng dd H
2
SO
4
c, d;
bnh 2 ng dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d

thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 5,4 gam; bnh 2 tng 17,6 gam. A l cht no trong
nhng cht sau ? (A khng tc dng vi dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
)
A. But-1-in. B. But-2-in. C. Buta-1,3-ien. D. B hoc C.
Xem li phn chuyn 1 => cho vo H2SO4 => m tng = mH2O = 5,4 g => nH2O = 0,3 mol
Cho vo Ba(OH)2 => m tng = mCO2 = 17,6 g => nCO2 = 0,4 mol
n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 4 => C4H6
Da vo A khng tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 => Loi A v A c dng CHC-CH2-CH3 c lin kt 3 u
mch => c p ; B , C khng p B c khng u mch . C c 2 lin kt i
=>D
Cu 58: Hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
v H
2
ly cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho i qua cht xc tc thch hp,
un nng c hn hp Y gm 4 cht. Dn Y qua bnh ng nc brom thy khi lung bnh tng 10,8 gam v thot
ra 4,48 lt kh Z (ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
l 8. Th tch O
2
(ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 33,6 lt. B. 22,4 lt. C. 16,8 lt. D. 44,8 lt.
Y gm 4 cht => C2H2(d) ; C2H4 ; C2H6 ; H2
m bnh tng = mC2H2 + mC2H4 = 10,8g v C2H2 v C2H4 b Br2 hp th
=> KH thot ra l AnkanC2H6 + H2 c m = M . n hn hp Z = 8.2.0,2 = 3,2 g
BT khi lng => mC2H2 + mH2 = m hn hp Y = 10,8 + 3,2 = 14 g
Ta c nC2H2 = nH2 => 26x + 2x = 14 x = 0,5 = nC2H2 = nH2
VO2 cn t chy hn hp Y = VO2 cn t chy hn hp X Quy i hn hp v CxHy v thnh phn hn hp
ch c C , H
nO2 = (2 + 2/4).nC2H2 + nH2 /2 = 3nH2 = 1,5 mol => V = 33,6 lt
P : C2H2 + 3/2O2 => 2CO2 + H2O ; 2H2 + O2 => 2H2O
Cu 59: Cho 17,92 lt hn hp X gm 3 hirocacbon kh l ankan, anken v ankin ly theo t l mol 1:1:2 li qua bnh
ng dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
ly d thu c 96 gam kt ta v hn hp kh Y cn li. t chy hon ton hn hp Y thu
c 13,44 lt CO
2
. Bit th tch o ktc. Khi lng ca X l
A. 19,2 gam. B. 1,92 gam. C. 3,84 gam. D. 38,4 gam.
T l 1 : 1 : 2 => chn x l mol Ankan => x l mol anken ; 2x l mol ankin
x + x + 2x = n hn hp X = 0,8 mol x = 0,2 mol => nAkan = nAnken = 0,2 ; n Ankin = 0,4 mol
CH c Ankin mi p vi AgNO3/NH3
M kt ta = 96/nankin = 240 = MX + 214 TH2 Xem li bi 43 MX = 26 = 14n 2 n = 2 : C2H2
t Y thu c 13,44 lt CO2 => BT nguyn t C CnH2n+2 ankan ; CmH2m anken
n . nAnkan + m. nanken = nCO2 0,2n + 0,2m = 0,6 n + m = 3
Ta lun c m 2 Anken=> n = 1 v m = 2 Duy nht => CH4 v C2H4
hn hp X c 0,2 mol CH4 ; 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,4 mol C2H2
m hn hp = 19,2 g =>A
Cu 60: Mt hn hp gm 2 ankin khi t chy cho ra 13,2 gam CO
2
v 3,6 gam H
2
O. Tnh khi lng brom c th
cng vo hn hp trn
A. 16 gam. B. 24 gam. C. 32 gam. D. 4 gam.
nAnkin = nCO2 nH2O = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol => nBr2 = 2nAnkin = 0,2 mol => m = 32 g => C
Cu 61: Cho canxi cacbua k thut (ch cha 80% CaC
2
nguyn cht) vo nc d, th thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc).
Khi lng canxi cacbua k thut dng l
A. 9,6 gam. B. 4,8 gam C. 4,6 gam. D. 12 gam
P : SGK 11 nc 178 : CaC2 + 2H2O => C2H2 + Ca(OH)2
nC2H2 = 3,36 / 22,4 = 0,15 mol Kh = nCaC2 => mPT CaC2 = 0,15.64 = 9,6 g
=> m thc t = mPT .100% / 80% = 9,6.100% / 80 = 12 g =>D
Cu 62: C 20 gam mt mu CaC
2
(c ln tp cht tr) tc dng vi nc thu c 7,4 lt kh axetilen (20
o
C,
740mmHg). Cho rng phn ng xy ra hon ton. tinh khit ca mu CaC
2
l
A. 64%. B. 96%.

C. 84%.

D. 48%.
Ta c 1atm = 760 mmHg => 740 mm Hg =0,9736 atm
nC2H2 = P.V/T.0,082 = 0,9736.7,4 / ((20 + 273).0,082) n = 0,3 mol = nCaC2 PT bi 61
mPT CaC2 = 0,3.64 = 19,2 g => tinh khit = mPT / mBan u = 19,2 .100%/ 20 = 96%
Cu 63: Cho hn hp X gm CH
4
, C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch brom (d) th khi lng
brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH
4
c trong X l
A. 40%. B. 20%. C. 25%. D. 50%.
Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol CH4 , C2H4 , C2H2
=> 16x + 28y + 26z = 8,6 (I)
P vi Br2 d => nC2H4 + 2nC2H2 = nBr2 y + 2z = 0,3mol (II)
trang 23
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Vi 13,44 lt (ktc) => n hn hp = nCH4 + C2H4 + nC2H2 = 0,6
n C2H2 = nKet tua AgCCAg = 0,15 mol
=> nC2H2 / n hn hp = z / (x + y + z) = 1 /4 x + y 3z = 0 (III) Phi chia tm ra t l v 13,44 lt khng phi
ca 8,6 g
Gii h I , II , III => x = 0,2 ; y = z = 0,1 => %VCH4 = nCH4 / n hn hp = x .100%/ (x + y + z) = 0,2 / 0,4 = 50%
Cu 64: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi
lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln lt l
A. 0,1 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,2 mol C
2
H
2
. B. 0,1 mol C
3
H
6
v 0,2 mol C
3
H
4
.
C. 0,2 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,1 mol C
2
H
2
. D. 0,2 mol C
3
H
6
v 0,1 mol C
3
H
4
.
Cch 1 : th p n => D tha mn
Cch 2 :
Ta c M = m / n = 12,4 / 0,3 = 41,33 = 12x + y => x = 3 => y = 5,33 => loi A v B v c 3 C
=> Th 1 trong 2 p n B v D . Xt B sai => D ng
Cu 65: Trong mt binh kin cha hirocacbon A th khi (kt) va O
2
(d). Bt tia la in t cha y h t A a hn
hp v iu kin ban u trong o % th tich cua CO
2
va hi nc ln l t la 30% va 20%. Cng thc phn t cua A
va % th tich ca hirocacbon A trong hn hp la
A. C
3
H
4
va 10%. B. C
3
H
4
va 90%. C. C
3
H
8
va 20%. D. C
4
H
6
va 30%.
Tao c %CO2 = 30% ; %H2O = 20% => Cn li 50% ca O2 v O2 d
T l % theo th tch = t l s mol => chn nCO2 = 3 mol => nH2O = 2 mol => nO2 d = 5 mol
T l nCO2 / nH2O = 3 /2 => chn nCO2 = 3 ; nH2O = 2 => n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 3 => C3H4 V nCO2 >
nH2O => CnH2n-2
nC3H4 = nCO2 / 2 = 1 mol ; BTNT oxi : 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O = 2.3 + 2 nO2 p = 4 mol
mol hn hp ban u = nC3H4 + nO2 p + nO2 d = 1 + 4 + 5 = 10 mol
=> %VC3H4 A hn hp = nC3H4 / n hn hp = 1 / 10 = 10% => A
Cu 66: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C
2
H
2
v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh CO
2
v 2 lt hi H
2
O (cc
th tch kh v hi o trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
4
. B. CH
4
. C. C
2
H
6
. D. C
3
H
8
.
Cch 1 th p n
T l th tch = t l s mol
1 mol hn hp C2H2 v X => 2 mol CO2 + 2molH2O
p n => B,C,D u c dng CnH2n+2 => Xt X l CnH2n+2
Gi x , y ln lt l nC2H2 v CnH2n+2
x + y = 1 ; (1)
2x + ny = nCO2 = 2 BTNT C (2)
2x + y(2n+2) = 2nH2O = 4 BTNT H 2(x+y) + 2ny = 4 (3)
Th 1 vo 3 ta c ny = 1 => th vo 2 => x = 0,5 th vo 1 => y = 0,5
x = y = 0,5 th vo 2 => n = 2 => C2H6 => C
Cu 67: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H
2
l 21 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng
khi lng ca CO
2
v H
2
O thu c l
A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam.
Tng t 1 bi lm ri => Propan C3H8 Propen C3H6 Propin C3H4 => u c 3C
=> Gi CT chung : C3Hy Ta c M = 21.2 = 42 = 12.3 + y => y = 6
=> CT : C3H6 +O2 => 3CO2 + 3H2O
0,1mol 0,3mol 0,3mol => m = 0,3.44 + 0,3.18 = 18,6 g => A
Cu 68: Cho s chuyn ha: CH
4

C
2
H
2

C
2
H
3Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn
V m
3

kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH
4
chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu
trnh l 50%)
A. 224,0. B. 448,0. C. 286,7. D. 358,4.
PVC : C2H3Cl ; BT NT C => nCH4 = 2nC2H3Cl = 2. 4 = 8 mol
=> n kh thin nhin = nCH4 . 100% / 80% = 10 mol => V = 224 lt => B
Cu 69: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,04 mol H
2
vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn
hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z (
ktc) c t khi so vi O
2
l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l
A. 1,20 gam. B. 1,04 gam. C. 1,64 gam. D. 1,32 gam.
Bo ton khi lng => m trc = m sau mC2H2 + mH2 = m bnh tng + mZ V m hn hp ban u = m hn hp
Y v m hn hp Y = m anken, ankin nu c cho vo dd Br2 + m hn hp Z bay ra
0,06.26 + 2. 0,04 = m bnh tng + 32.0,5.0,02 m bnh tng = 1,32 g => D
trang 24
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 70: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon th kh, mch h, nng hn khng kh thu c 7,04 gam CO
2
. Sc
m gam hirocacbon ny vo nc brom d n khi phn ng hon ton, thy c 25,6 gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 2 gam. B. 4 gam. C. 10 gam D. 2,08 gam
nCO2 = 0,16 = x .nCxHy BT NT C
Gi k l s lin kt pi trong hidrocacbon => k .nCxHy = nBr2 nCxHy = 0,16 / k th vo trn ta c
0,16 = x. 0,16 / k x = k
CT tng qut : CnH2n + 2 2k Ta c n = k => CnH2
Ta c hidrocacbon nng hn khng kh => 12n + 2 > 29 => n > 2,25
Ta c m = (12n+2).0,16/n
V th kh => C2 C4 => s C = 2 4
Ta c n > 2,25 => n = 3 v n = 4
Xt n = 3 => C3H2 Khng th vit c => Loi hoc vi k = 3 => n 4
=> n = 4 => m = (12.4+2).0,16 / 4 = 2 g => A
Cu 71: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon th kh, mch h thu c 7,04 gam CO
2
. Sc m gam hirocacbon
ny vo nc brom d n khi phn ng hon ton, thy c 25,6 gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2 gam. B. 4 gam. C. 2,08 gam. D. A hoc C.
Ging bi 71 ch khng c nng hn khng kh
Ta vn c m = (12n+2).0,16/n
Xt n = 2 => m = 2,08 ; xt n = 4 => m = 2 g => D
V C bin thin t 2 => 4 v n = 3 khng c => ch c n =2 v n = 4
Cu 72: Dn V lt ( ktc) hh X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt niken nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn
Y vo lng d AgNO
3
trong dd NH
3
thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam
brom v cn li kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z c 2,24 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 4,5 gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca V bng
A. 11,2. B. 13,44. C. 5,60. D. 8,96.
Y vn cn C2H2 d v Y p vi AgNO3 / NH3 => AgCCAg => nC2H2 d = nAgCCAg = 0,05 mol ;
Kh i ra khi bnh p vi Br2 => C2H4 To thnh => nC2H4 = nBr2 = 0,1 mol
t kh Z => t C2H6Ankan + H2 dNu c => nC2H6 = nCO2 / 2 = 0,05 molBTNT C
nH2O to thnh t C2H6 => 6nC2H6 = 2nH2O BTNT H => nH2O = 0,15 mol
nH2 d = nH2O to thnh nH2O to thnh t C2H6 = 0,25 0,15 = 0,1 nH2 = nH2O BTNT H2
Ta c cht ban u : C2H2 ; H2 => Cht sau p hn hp Y gm 0,05 mol C2H2 d ; 0,1 mol C2H4 ; 0,05 mol C2H6
v 0,1 mol H2 d
BTNT C => 2nC2H2 = 2nC2H2 d + 2nC2H4 + 2nC2H6 nC2H2 = nC2H2 d + nC2H4 + nC2H6
= 0,05 + 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,2 mol
BTNT H => 2nC2H2 + 2nH2 = 2nC2H2 d + 4nC2H4 + 6nC2H6 + 2nH2 d
2. 0,2 + 2nH2 = 2.0,05 + 4.0,1 + 6.0,05 + 2.0,1 nH2 = 0,3 mol => n hn hp X = nC2H2 + nH2 = 0,2 + 0,3 =
0,5 mol => V = 11,2 lt
Cu 73: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br
2
0,5M.
Sau khi p hon ton, s mol Br
2
gim i mt na v m bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon l
A. C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
8
. B. C
2
H
2
v C
3
H
8
. C. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
. D. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
6
.
T p n => hidrocabon => 1 ankin v 1 anken
Mol Br2 gim 1 na => P 1 na ; m bnh tng = m hn hp V c 2 cht u p
Gi x , y l s mol Ankin v anken => n hn hp = x + y = 0,2 mol
nBr2 p = 2x + y = 0,35 1 na x = 0,15 ; y = 0,05 => Th p n : MA . 0,15 + MB .0,05 = 6,7
=> C tha mn c MA = MC2H2 = 26 ; MB = MC4H8 = 56
Gi CT ankin : CnH2n-2 ; CT anken : CmH2m
m hn hp = (14n 2) . 0,15 + 14m.0,05 = 6,7 3n + m = 10 => n < 10/3 => n = 2 v n = 3
Xt n = 2 => m = 4 => C tha mn
Xt n = 3 => m = 1 Khng c CH2 => Loi
C
Cu 74: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dd brom (d). Sau khi phn ng hon ton,
c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO
2
(ktc).
CTPT ca hai hirocacbon l
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
4
. B. CH
4
v C
3
H
4
. C. CH
4
v C
3
H
6
. D. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
6
.
p n => 1 ankan Hoc da vo 1,12 lt kh khng p => V ankan = 1,12 => nCnH2n+2 = 0,05 mol
V cht cn li = 1,68 1,12 = 0,56 mol => n cht = 0,025 = nBr2 4 g Br2 p => Cht l anken :CnH2n
nAnkan = 0,05 ; nAnken = 0,025 ; Gi CT an kan : CnH2n+2 ; anken : CmH2m
t to ra CO2 => BTNT C => n.nCnH2n+2 + m.nCmH2m = nCO2 n.0,05 + m.0,025 = 0,125
2n + m = 5 n < 5/2 => n = 1 v n = 2
Xt n = 1 => m = 3 =>C tha mn
trang 25
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Xt n = 2 => m = 1 Loi v khng c cht CH2 => Loi => C
Cu 75: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y, thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O.
Thnh phn % v s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp M ln lt l
A. 35% v 65%. B. 75% v 25%. C. 20% v 80%. D. 50% v 50%.
Gi X : CnH2n+2 ; Y : CmH2n-2 ; gi x , y l s mol X v Y
BTNT C => x.n + y.m = nCO2
BTNT H => (2n+2).x + (2n-2)y = 2nH2O (n+1)x + (n-1)y = nH2O
Ta c nCO2 = nH2O x.n + y.m = (n + 1)x + (n-1)y x y = 0 x= y => % mi cht = 50%
Cu 76: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C
3
H
6
, CH
4
, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH
4
), thu c
24,0 ml CO
2
(cc kh o cng iu kin t
o
, p). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l
A. 25,8. B. 12,9. C. 22,2. D. 11,1.
T l th tch = t l s mol => 20mol hn hp X => 24 mol CO2
Gi x , y ln lt l s mol C3H6 , CH4 => nCO = 2y VCO gp 2 ln VCH4
n hn hp = nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO = x + y + 2y = x + 3y = 20
BTNT C => 3nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO = nCO2 3x + y + 2y = 24 3x+ 3y = 24
Gii h => x = 2 ; y = 6 => m hn hp = 2.42 + 6.16 + 12.28 = 516 g => M hh X = 516/20 = 25,8
T khi vi H2 = 12,9
Nu khng lm c c th m thy A v B gp i nhau ; C v D gp i nhau
B v D kh nng ng cao hn hay cho la khng tnh t khi
Tng kh nng ng.
Cu 77: Mt hn hp X gm 1 ankan A v 1 ankin B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. Trn X vi H
2
c hn hp
Y. Khi cho Y qua Pt nung nng th thu c kh Z c t khi i vi CO
2
bng 1 (phn ng cng H
2
hon ton).
Bit rng V
X

= 6,72 lt v
2
H
V
= 4,48 lt. CTPT v s mol A, B trong hn hp X l (Cc th tch kh o kc)
A. 0,1 mol C
2
H
6
v 0,2 mol C
2
H
2
. B. 0,1 mol C
3
H
8
v 0,2 mol C
3
H
4
.
C. 0,2 mol C
2
H
6
v 0,1 mol C
2
H
2
. D. 0,2 mol C
3
H
8
v 0,1 mol C
3
H
4
.
Cu 78: Mt hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
6
, CH
4
. t chy hon ton 11t hn hp X thu c 12,6 gam H
2
O. Nu cho
11,2 lt hn hp X (ktc) qua dung dch brom d thy c 100 gam brom phn ng. Thnh phn % th tch ca X ln
lt l
A. 50%; 25% ; 25%. B. 25% ; 25; 50%.
C.16% ; 32; 52%. D. 33,33%; 33,33; 33,33%.
Cu 79: Dn 4,032 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
, CH
4
ln lt qua bnh 1 cha dung dc AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
ri qua bnh 2 cha dung dch Br
2
d trong CCl
4
. bnh 1 c 7,2 gam kt ta. Khi lng bnh 2 tng thm 1,68
gam. Th tch (ktc) hn hp A ln lt l:
A. 0,672 lt; 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt. B. 0,672 lt; 0,672 lt; 2,688 lt.
C. 2,016; 0,896 lt; 1,12 lt. D. 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt; 0,672 lt.
Cu 80: X, Y, Z l 3 hirocacbon th kh trong iu kin thng, khi phn hu mi cht X, Y, Z u to ra C v H
2
,
th tch H
2
lun gp 3 ln th tch hirocacbon b phn hu v X, Y, Z khng phi l dng phn. CTPT ca 3 cht l
A. C
2
H
6
,C
3
H
6
C
4
H
6
. B. C
2
H
2
,C
3
H
4
C
4
H
6
. C. CH
4
,C
2
H
4
C
3
H
4
. D. CH
4
,C
2
H
6
C
3
H
8
.
Cu 81: Hn hp X gm 0,1 mol C
2
H
2
; 0,15 mol C
2
H
4
; 0,2 mol C
2
H
6
v 0,3 mol H
2
. un nng X vi bt Ni xc tc 1
thi gian c hn hp Y. t chy hon ton hn hp Y c s gam CO
2
v H
2
O ln lt l
A. 39,6 v 23,4. B. 3,96 v 3,35. C. 39,6 v 46,8. D. 39,6 v 11,6.
Cu 82: Hn hp ban u gm 1 ankin, 1 anken, 1 ankan v H
2
vi p sut 4 atm. un nng bnh vi Ni xc tc
thc hin phn ng cng sau a bnh v nhit ban u c hn hp Y, p sut hn hp Y l 3 atm. T khi
hn hp X v Y so vi H
2
ln lt l 24 v x. Gi tr ca x l
A. 18. B. 34. C. 24. D. 32.
Cu 83: Hn hp A gm H
2
, C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
4
. Cho t t 12 lt A qua bt Ni xc tc. Sau phn ng c 6 lt kh duy nht
(cc kh o cng iu kin). T khi hi ca A so vi H
2
l
A. 11. B. 22. C. 26. D. 13.
Cu 84: un nng hn hp X gm 0,1 mol C
3
H
4
; 0,2 mol C
2
H
4
; 0,35 mol H
2
vi bt Ni xc tc c hn hp Y.
Dn ton b Y qua bnh ng dung dch KMnO
4
d, thy thot ra 6,72 l hn hp kh Z (ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
l
12. Bnh ng dung dch KMnO
4
tng s gam l:
A. 17,2. B. 9,6. C. 7,2. D. 3,1.
Cu 85: t chy m gam hn hp C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
4
, C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
c 35,2 gam CO
2
v 21,6 gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,4. B. 10,8. C. 12. D. 56,8.
Cu 86: t chy 1 hirocacbon A c 22,4 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 27 gam H
2
O. Th tch O
2
(ktc) (l) tham gia phn
ng l:
A. 24,8. B. 45,3. C. 39,2. D. 51,2.
trang 26
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 87: Mt hn hp X gm 1 ankin v H
2
c V = 8,96 lt (kc) v m
X
= 4,6 gam. Cho hn hp X i qua Ni nung
nng, phn ng hon ton cho ra hn hp kh Y, c t khi
X
Y
d
= 2. S mol H
2
phn ng; khi lng; CTPT ca
ankin l
A. 0,16 mol; 3,6 gam; C
2
H
2
. B. 0,2 mol; 4 gam; C
3
H
4
.
C. 0,2 mol; 4 gam; C
2
H
2
. D. 0,3 mol; 2 gam; C
3
H
4
.
Cu 88: t chy mt hirocacbon M thu c s mol nc bng s mol CO
2
v s mol CO
2
nh hn hoc bng 5
ln s mol M. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca M bit rng M cho kt ta vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
.
A. C
4
H
6
v CH
3
CH
2
CCH. B. C
4
H
6
v CH
2
=C=CHCH
3
.
C. C
3
H
4
v CH
3
CCH. D. C
4
H
6
v CH
3
CCCH
3
.
CHUYN 3 : HIROCACBON KHNG NO
BI TP V ANKEN
1C 2C 3B 4C 5D 6D 7C 8C 9D 10D
11C 12B 13A 14D 15C 16A 17A 18B 19C 20C
21A 22C 23C 24B 25D 26A 27D 28B 29A 30D
31B 32D 33C 34D 35A 36A 37B 38C 39B 40B
41A 42B 43C 44D 45D 46A 47B 48AB 49A 50D
51D 52A 53A 54C 55A 56D 57C 58C 59A 60A
61C 62B 63D 64A 65C 66C 67D 68A 69A 70A
71B 72A 73A 74B 75C 76C 77A 78C 79A 80D
81B 82B 83B 84D 85D
BI TP V ANKAIEN -TECPEN - ANKIN
1D 2B 3D 4C 5A 6D 7A 8B 9C 10A
11C 12C 13C 14A 15A 16B 17A 18D 19B 20D
21B 22C 23D 24C 25C 26B 27B 28B 29A 30B
31B 32B 33D 34C 35B 36C 37C 38C 39C 40C
41C 42C 43D 44A 45D 46C 47B 48D 49C 50D
51C 52C 53D 54A 55A 56C 57D 58A 59A 60C
61D 62B 63D 64D 65B 66C 67A 68B 69D 70A
71D 72A 73C 74C 75D 76B 77D 78A 79A 80A
81A 82D 83A 84D 85C 86C 87B 88A
p n khng phi ng 100% u nh c th 1 s p n sai
Bn c cho kin v cu . Mnh v mt s ngi s xem li.
Cm n bn gip .
Chc bn thnh cng.
trang 27
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Mun 1: PHNG PHP BO TON V LNG
1.1 L thuyt
Bo ton khi lng theo phn ng:
Tng khi lng cc cht tham gia vo phn ng bng tng khi lng cc cht sau phn ng.
V d: trong phn ng A + B C + D
Ta c: m
A
+ m
B
= m
C
+ m
D
Bo ton khi lng theo mt nguyn t
Tng khi lng mt nguyn t trong cc cht phn ng bng tng khi lng mt nguyn t trong
cc cht sn phm sau phn ng (v l mt nguyn t nn phng trnh khi lng tng ng phng
trnh s mol). Nh vy tng s mol ca mt nguyn t trong hn hp trc phn ng bng tng s mol
nguyn t trong hn hp sau phn ng.
(n
X
)
trc p
= (n
X
)
sau p
Nh vy: Gi m
T
l tng khi lng cc cht trc phn ng, m
S
l tng khi lng cc cht sau phn
ng. Theo bo ton khi lng, lun c: m
T
= m
S
Bo ton khi lng v cht
trang 28
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Khi lng ca mt hp cht bng tng khi lng cc ion c trong cht , hoc bng tng khi lng
cc nguyn t trong cht .
Th d: khi lng mui = khi lng kim loi + khi lng gc axit; khi lng oxit kim loi = khi
lng kim loi + khi lng oxi...
Mt s mi quan h
- Quan h sn phm:
2M
I
H
2
.; M
II
H
2
. 2M
III
3H
2
.
2Cl
-
H
2
; SO
4
2-
H
2
; 2OH
-
H
2
....
- Quan h thay th:
+) Thay th cation: 2Na
+
Mg
2+
; 3K
+
Al
3+
; 3Ca
2+
2Fe
3+
..
+) Thay th anion: 2Cl
-
CO
3
2-
; 2Cl
-
O
2-
; 2Cl
-
SO
4
2-
; O
2-
SO
4
2-
.
- Quan h trung ha (kt hp):
H
+
OH
-
; Mg
2+
CO
3
2-
; Mg
2+
SO
4
2-
; Fe
3+
3OH
-
; 3Mg
2+
2PO
4
3-
; .
1.2. Bi tp p dng
1.2.1 Ton V c
- Dng 1: Tnh lng cht ca mt sn phm phn ng
V d: Ly 13,4g hn hp gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr II em ho trong dung dch HCl d,
nhn c 3,36 L CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch X. Tnh khi lng mui khan khi c cn dung dch X.
Bi ton c th gii theo phng php bo ton v lng hoc tng gim khi lng.
A. 14,8 g B. 15,05 g C. 16,8 g D. 17,2g
- Dng 2: Phn ng nhit nhm
V d: Ly 21,4g hn hp X gm Al, Fe
2
O
3
em nung mt thi gian ta nhn c hn hp Y gm Al,
Al
2
O
3
, Fe, Fe
2
O
3
. Hn hp Y ho tan va trong 100 mL NaOH 2M. Vy khi lng Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp
X l
A. 12,02 g B.14,8 g C. 15,2 g D.16,0 g
- Dng 3: Kh oxit kim loi bng CO hoc H
2
Hn hp rn X gm Fe
2
O
3
v FeO em t nng cho CO i qua c hn hp rn Y v kh CO
2
. Theo
bo ton khi lng th m
X
+ m
CO
= m
Y
+ m
2
CO
V d: Cho kh CO i qua ng cha 0,04 mol X gm FeO v Fe
2
O
3
t nng, ta nhn c 4,784g cht
rn Y (gm 4 cht), kh i ra khi ng dn qua dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d th nhn c 9,062g kt ta.
Vy s mol FeO, Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp X ln lt l
A. 0,01; 0,03 B. 0,02; 0,02 C. 0,03; 0,02 D. 0,025; 0,015
Dng 4: Chuyn kim loi thnh oxit kim loi
V d: Ly 14,3g hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn em t trong oxi d, sau khi phn ng hon ton th nhn
c 22,3g hn hp Y gm 3 oxit. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M ti thiu cn dng ho tan hn hp Y.
A. 400 mL B. 500 mL C. 600 mL D. 750 mL
Dng 5: Chuyn kim loi thnh mui
V d: Ly 10,2g hn hp Mg v Al em ho tan trong H
2
SO
4
long d th nhn c 11,2 L H
2
. Tnh
khi lng mui sunfat to thnh.
A. 44,6 g B. 50,8 g C. 58,2 g D. 60,4 g
Dng 6: Chuyn hp cht ny thnh hp cht khc
V d: Ly 48g Fe
2
O
3
em t nng cho CO i qua ta thu c hn hp X (gm 4 cht rn). Hn hp X
em ho tan trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
m c, nng d thu c SO
2
v dung dch Y. Tnh khi lng mui
khan khi c cn dung dch Y.
A. 100g B. 115g C. 120g D. 135g
Bi tp c li gii
Bi 1. Cho 24,4 gam hn hp Na
2
CO
3
, K
2
CO
3
tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl
2
. Sau phn ng thu
c 39,4 gam kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c m gam mui clorua. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 2,66 g B. 22,6 g C. 26,6 g D. 6,26 g
trang 29
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Hng dn gii
2 3
BaCl BaCO
n n 0,2(mol)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: m
hh
+
2
BaCl
m
= m
kt ta
+ m
m = 24,4 + 0,2.208 39,4 = 26,6 gam
p n C.
Bi 2. Ha tan 10,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt
kh A (ktc) v 1,54 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. C cn dung dch C thu c m gam mui, m c gi tr
l:
A. 33,45 B. 33,25 C. 32,99 D. 35,58
Hng dn gii
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:
m = m
(Al + Mg)
+
Cl
m
= (10,14 1,54) + 0,7.35,5 = 6,6 + 24,85 = 33,45g
p n A.
Bi 3. Ha tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong dung dch HCl d thy to ra 2,24 lt kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Khi lng mui khan thu c l
A. 1,71 g B. 17,1 g C. 3,42 g D. 34,2 g
Hng dn gii
Theo phng trnh in li
2
H
Cl H
2,24
n n 2n 2 0,2(mol)
22,4
+

m
mui
= m
kim loi
+
Cl
m
= 10 + 0,2.35,5 = 17,1 g
p n B.
Bi 4. Trn 5,4 gam Al vi 6,0 gam Fe
2
O
3
ri nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit nhm. Sau phn
ng ta thu c m gam hn hp cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,24 g B. 9,40 g C. 10,20 g D. 11,40 g
Hng dn gii
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng :
m
hh sau
= m
hh trc
= 5,4 + 6,0 = 11,4 g
p n C.
Bi 5. Cho 0,52 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, d thy
c 0,336 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c l
A. 2 gam B. 2,4 gam C. 3,92 gam D. 1,96 gam
Hng dn gii
Ta c mui thu c gm MgSO
4
v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:
m
mui
= m
kim loi
+ 2
4
SO
m
. Trong : 2
2
4
H
SO
0,336
n n 0,015(mol)
22,4


m
mui
= 0,52 + 0,015.96 = 1,96 gam
p n D.
Bi 6. Cho 2,81 gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 mL dung dch
H
2
SO
4
0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng hn hp cc mui sunfat khan to ra l
A. 3,81 g B. 4,81 g C. 5,21 g D. 4,8 g
Hng dn gii
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:
m
oxit
+
2 4
H SO
m
= m
mui
+
2
H O
m
m
mui
= m
oxit
+
2 4
H SO
m

2
H O
m
Trong :
2 2 4
H O H SO
n n 0,3.0,1 0,03(mol)
m
mui
= 2,81+ 0.03.98 0,03.18 = 5,21g
p n C.
Bi 7. Thi mt lung kh CO d qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm CuO, Fe
2
O
3
, FeO, Al
2
O
3
nung
nng thu c 2,5 gam cht rn. Ton b kh thot ra sc vo nc vi trong d thy c 15 gam kt ta
trng. Khi lng ca hn hp oxit kim loi ban u l
trang 30
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. 7,4 gam B. 4,9 gam C. 9,8 gam D. 23 gam
Hng dn gii
Cc phng trnh ho hc
M
x
O
y
+ yCO
0
t

xM + yCO
2
Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
Ta c: m
oxit
= m
kim loi
+ m
oxi
Trong : n
O
= n
CO
=
2 3
CO CaCO
n n 0,15(mol)
m
oxit
= 2,5 + 0,15.16 = 4,9 g
Bi 8. Chia 1,24 gam hn hp hai kim loi c ha tr khng i thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1: b oxi
ha hon ton thu c 0,78 gam hn hp oxit. Phn 2: tan hon ton trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c
V lt H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c m gam mui khan.
1. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 L B. 0,112 L C. 5,6 L D. 0,224 L
2. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,58 g B. 15,8 g C. 2,54 g D. 25,4 g
Hng dn gii
1. Ta nhn thy, khi kim loi tc dng vi oxi v H
2
SO
4
, s mol O
2
bng SO
4
2
, hay:
2 2
2
4
H
O SO
n n n


Trong
m
O
= m
oxit
m
kim loi
= 0,78
1,24
2
= 0,16 g
2
2
H
O
0,16
n n 0,01
16

mol.
2
H
V 0,01.22,4 0,224
L
p n D.
2. m
mui
= m
kim loi
+ 2
4
SO
m
=
1,24
2
+ 0,01.96 = 1,58 g
p n A.
Bi 9. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit HCl d thy c 11,2 lt kh thot
ra (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th khi lng mui khan thu c l
A. 35,5 g B. 45,5 g C. 55,5 gam D. 65,5 g
Hng dn gii
2
H
11,2
n
22,4

= 0,5 (mol) n
HCl
=
2
H
2n
= 0,5.2 = 1 mol
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, m
kim loi
+ m
HCl
= m
mui
+ m
Hiro
m
mui
= m
kim loi
+ m
HCl
m
Hiro
= 20 + 1.36,5 2.0,5 = 55,5 g
Cch 2: m
mui
= m
kim loi
+
Cl
m
= 20 + 1.35,5 = 55,5 g
p n A.
Bi 10. Ho tan ht 38,60 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M trong dung dch HCl d thy thot ra
14,56 lt H
2
(ktc). Khi lng hn hp mui clorua khan thu c l
A. 48,75 gam B. 84,75 gam C. 74,85 gam D. 78,45 gam
Hng dn gii
Ta c: m
mui
= m
kim loi
+
Cl
m

Trong :
2
HCl H
Cl
14,46
n n 2n 2
22,4


= 1,3 mol
m
mui
= 38,6 + 1,3.35,5 = 84,75 (g).
p n B.
Bi 11. Cho tan hon ton 8,0 g hn hp X gm FeS v FeS
2
trong 290 mL dung dch HNO
3
, thu c
kh NO v dung dch Y. tc dng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch Y, cn 250 mL dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1
M. Kt ta to thnh em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 32,03 gam cht rn Z.
a. Khi lng mi cht trong X l
A. 3,6 g FeS v 4,4 g FeS
2
B. 4,4 gam FeS v 3,6 g FeS
2
trang 31
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
C. 2,2 g FeS v 5,8 g FeS
2
D. 4,6 gam FeS v 3,4 g FeS
2
b. Th tch kh NO (ktc) thu c l
A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 6,72 lt
c. Nng mol ca dung dch HNO
3
dng l
A. 1 M B. 1,5 M C. 2 M D. 0,5 M
Hng dn gii
a. p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng i vi nguyn t Fe v S
Ta c : x mol FeS v y mol FeS 0,5(x+y) mol Fe
2
O
3
v (x+2y) mol BaSO
4

88x 120y 8 88x 120y 8
160.0,5(x y) 233(x 2y) 32,03 313x 546y 23,03
+ +

' '
+ + + +

Gii h c x = 0,05 v y = 0,03
Khi lng ca FeS = 88.x = 88.0,05 = 4,4 gam
Khi lng ca FeS
2
: 8 4,4 = 3,6 gam.
p n B.
b. p dng nh lut bo ton electron
FeS 9e Fe
+3
+ S
+6

0,05 0,45 mol
FeS
2
15e Fe
+3
+ 2S
+6
0,03 0,45 mol
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2

3x .. x mol
3x = 0,45 + 0,45 , x = 0,3 mol. V
NO
= 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 L
p n D.
c. 3
Fe
n
+ = x + y = 0,08 mol.
lm kt ta ht lng Fe
3+
cn 0,24 mol OH

hay 0,12 mol Ba(OH)


2
Kt ta (x + 2y) = 0,11 mol SO
4
2
cn 0,11 mol Ba
2+
hay 0,11 mol Ba(OH)
2
S mol Ba(OH)
2
dng = 0,12 + 0,11 = 0,23 < 0,25
Cn: 0,25 0,23 = 0,02 mol Ba(OH)
2
trung ho vi 0,04 mol HNO
3
d
3 3
3
HNO (p ) NO HNO (d )
NO
n n n n

+ +
= 0,08.3 + 0,3 + 0,04 = 0,58 (mol)
3
M(HNO )
0,58
C 2M
0,29

p n C.
Bi 13. Thi 8,96 lt CO (ktc) qua 16 gam Fe
x
O
y
nung nng. Dn ton b lng kh sau phn ng qua
dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thy to ra 30 gam kt ta. Khi lng st thu c l
A. 9,2 g B. 6,4 g C. 9,6 g D. 11,2 g
Hng dn gii
Fe
x
O
y
+ yCO xFe + yCO
2
1 y x y
n
CO
=
8,96
22,4
= 0,4 (mol)
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
2 3
CO CaCO
30
n n 0,3(mol)
100

2
CO CO
n n >
CO d v Fe
x
O
y
ht
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
x y 2
Fe O CO Fe CO
m m m m + +
16 + 28.0,3 = m
Fe
+ 0,3.44 m
Fe
= 11,2 (gam)
Hoc:
x y
Fe Fe O O
m m m
= 16 0,3.16 = 11,2 (gam)
p n D.
trang 32
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi 14. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm vi 9,66 gam hn hp X gm Fe
x
O
y
v nhm, thu c hn hp
rn Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c dung dch D, 0,672 lt kh (ktc) v cht khng tan
Z. Sc CO
2
n d vo dung dch D lc kt ta v nung n khi lng khng i c 5,1 gam cht rn.
a. Khi lng ca Fe
x
O
y
v Al trong X ln lt l
A. 6,96 g v 2,7g B. 5,04 g v 4,62 g C. 2,52 g v 7,14 g D. 4,26 g v 5,4 g
b. Cng thc ca oxit st l
A. FeO B. Fe
2
O
3
C. Fe
3
O
4
D. Khng xc nh
Hng dn gii
a. 2yAl + 3Fe
x
O
y
yAl
2
O
3
+ 3xFe (1)
Al + NaOH + H
2
O NaAlO
2
+ 3/2H
2
(2)
0,02 ................................... 0,02 .......... 0,03
NaAlO
2
+ CO
2
+ 2H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ NaHCO
3
(3)
2Al(OH)
3

0
t

Al
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O (4)
Nhn xt: Tt c lng Al ban u u chuyn ht v Al
2
O
3
(4). Do
n
Al (ban u)
= 2
2 3
Al O
5,1
n 2
102
=0,1 mol m
Al
= 0,1.27 = 2,7 g
x y
Fe O
m
= 9,66 2,7 = 6,96 g
p n A.
b. n
Al (ban u)
= 2
2 3
Al O
5,1
n 2
102
=0,1 (mol) m
Al
= 0,1.27 = 2,7 g
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng nguyn t oxi, ta c:
x y 2 3
O(trongFe O ) O(trongAl O )
n n
= 1,5.0,08 = 0,12 mol
Fe
6,96 0,12.16
n 0,09(mol)
56


n
Fe
: n
O
= 0,09 : 0,12 = 3 : 4. CTPT l Fe
3
O
4
p n C.
Bi 15. Kh hon ton 32 gam hn hp CuO v Fe
2
O
3
bng kh H
2
thy to ra 9 gam H
2
O. Khi lng
hn hp kim loi thu c l
A. 12 g B. 16 g C. 24 g D. 26 g
Hng dn gii
V H
2
ly oxi ca oxit kim loi H
2
O
Ta c: n
O (trong oxit)
=
2
H O
n
=
9
18
= 0,5 (mol)
m
O
= 0,5.16 = 8 gam m
kim loi
= 32 8 = 24 g
p n C.
Bi 16. Thi mt lung kh CO d i qua ng ng hn hp 2 oxit Fe
3
O
4
v CuO nung nng n khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra c a vo bnh ng dung
dch Ca(OH)
2
d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng hn hp 2 oxit kim loi ban u l
A. 3,12 g B. 3,21 g C. 4 g D. 4,2 g
Hng dn gii
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4CO
0
t

3Fe + 4CO
2
CuO + CO
0
t

Cu + CO
2
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
CO ly oxi trong oxit CO
2
n
O (trong oxit)
= n
CO
=
2 3
CO CaCO
n n
= 0,05 mol
m
oxit
= m
kim loi
+ m
oxi trong oxit
= 2,32 + 0,05.16 = 3,12 g
p n A.
trang 33
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp rn luyn k nng
1. Cho 11,36g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dd HNO
3
long d thu c
1,344lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) kc v dd X. C cn dd X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 38,72 B. 35,50 C. 49,09 D. 34,36
2. Ha tan ht 7,74g hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500ml dd hn hp HCl 1M v H
2
SO
4
0,28M thu c dd
X v 8,736 lit H
2
kc. C cn dd X thu c lng mui khan l
A. 38,93g B. 103,85g C. 25,95g D. 77,86g
3. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS
2
v a mol Cu
2
S vo axit HNO
3
va thu c dd X
(ch cha 2 mui sunfat khan) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,04 B. 0,075 C. 0,12 D. 0,06
4. Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2g Cr
2
O
3
v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu
c 23,3g hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl d thy thot ra V lit kh H
2
(kc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48 B. 7,84 C. 10,08 D. 3,36
5. Ha tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml dd H
2
SO
4
0,1M va . C cn
dd sau phn ng th thu c s gam mui khan l
A. 6,81 B. 4,81 C. 3,81 D. 5,81
6. Cho 0,52g hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v Fe tan hon ton trong dd H
2
SO
4
d thy c 0,336 lit kh thot ra
(kc). Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c l
A. 2g B. 2,4g C. 3,92g D. 1,96g
7.. Ly 33,6 g hn hp X gm Na
2
CO
3
v K
2
CO
3
ho tan trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
d thu c dung dch
Y v 6,72 L CO
2
(ktc). Khi lng mui khan sau khi c cn dung dch Y l
A. 33,6 g B. 44,4 g C. 47,4 g D. 50,2 g
8. Ho tan ht m (g) hn hp gm M
2
CO
3
v RCO
3
trong dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch Y v V
(L) kh CO
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch Y th c (m + 3,3)g mui khan. Vy th tch kh CO
2
l
A. 2,24 L B. 3,36 L D. 4,48 L D. 6,72 L
9. Cho kh CO i qua m (g) hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
un nng, sau khi phn ng xong hn hp rn
thu c c khi lng 5,5g, kh i ra dn qua dung dch nc vi trong d thy c 5g kt ta. Vy m c gi
tr l
A. 6,3g B. 7,3g C. 5,8g D. 6,5g
10. Ly 2,81 g hn hp X gm Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO ho tan va trong 500 mL dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M.
Dung dch sau phn ng em c cn c m (g) mui khan. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 6,81 B. 4,81 C. 3,81 D. 5,81
11. Ly a (g) hn hp X gm Al v Al
2
O
3
em ho tan vo H
2
SO
4
long d th nhn c 6,72 L H
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y, cho NH
3
d vo dung dch Y, lc kt ta nung n khi lng khng i c 20,4g
cht rn. Vy gi tr ca a l
A. 12,4 B. 15,6 C. 17,2 D. 16,8
12. Ly 8,12 g Fe
x
O
y
em t nng cho CO i qua, lng Fe to thnh em ho tan trong dung dch
H
2
SO
4
d th nhn c 2,352 L H
2
(ktc). Vy cng thc phn t ca Fe
x
O
y
l
A. FeO B. Fe
2
O
3
C. Fe
3
O
4
D. Fe
4
O
6

13. Ly a (g) hn hp X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
em ho tan trong dung dch HCl d th nhn c 2,24 L H
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y, cho NaOH d vo dung dch Y, lc kt ta nung ngoi khng kh thu c 24 g cht
rn. Vy gi tr ca a l
A. 13,6 B. 17,6 C. 21,6 D. 29,6
14. Ly 0,52 g hn hp Mg v Fe em ho tan vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d th nhn c 0,336 L H
2
(ktc) v m (g) mui khan. Vy gi tr ca m l
A. 2,00 B. 3,92 C. 2,40 D. 1,96
15. Cho mt lng CO d i qua m (g) hn hp CuO, Fe
2
O
3
, FeO, Al
2
O
3
t nng, thu c 2,5g cht
rn; kh i qua dn qua nc vi trong d c 15g kt ta. Vy m l
A. 7,4g B. 9,8g C. 4,9g D. 23g
trang 34
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
16. Ly 10,14g hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Cu em ho tan trong HCl d th thu c 7,84 L H
2
(ktc) v
1,54g cht rn khng tan, v dung dch Z. em c cn dung dch Z th thu c mui khan c khi lng l
A. 33,45g B. 32,99g C. 33,25g D. 35,38g
1.2.2 Ton Hu c
Dng 1: Cc bi ton cng Hiro
Bi 1. Hn hp X gm 0,04 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,06 mol H
2
em t nng c mt xc tc Ni ta c hn hp
Y (gm 4 cht). Ly mt na hn hp Y cho qua bnh nc brom d; th cn li 448 mL kh Z (ktc) i ra
khi bnh, t khi hi ca Z so vi H
2
bng 1,5. Vy khi lng tng ln bnh brom l
A. 0,2g B. 0,4g C. 0,6g D. 1,2g
Bi 2. Hn hp X gm 0,02 mol axetilen v 0,03 mol hiro dn qua xc tc Ni t nng c hn hp Y
gm C
2
H
2
, H
2
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
. em trn hn hp Y vi 1,68 L oxi (ktc) trong bnh 4 lt, sau t chy
109,2
0
C v p (atm). Vy gi tr ca p l
A. 0,672 B. 0,784 C. 0,96 D. 1,12

Dng 2: Thit lp CTPT hp cht hu c da vo sn phm t chy
Bi 1: t chy hon ton 1 lt kh X cn 5 lt oxi, sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO
2
v 4 lt hi nc.
Bit cc kh o cng iu kin v nhit v p sut. Cng tc phn t ca X l:
A. C
3
H
6
B. C
3
H
8
C.C
3
H
8
O D.C
3
H
6
O
2
Bi 2: Nicotin c trong thuc l l mt cht rt c, c th gy ung thu phi. t chy 16,2 gam nicotin
bng oxi va thu c 44g CO
2
, 12,6g H
2
O v 2,24 lt N
2
(ktc). Bit 85 < M
nicotin
< 230. Cng thc phn
t ng ca nicotin l:
A. C
5
H
7
NO B. C
5
H
7
NO
2
C. C
10
H
14
N
2
D.C
10
H
13
N
3
Bi 3: t chy hon ton 2,79 g hp cht hu c Y ri cho cc sn phm chy i qua cc bnh ng
CaCl
2
khan v KOH, thy bnh CaCl
2
tng thm 1,89 gam, khi lng bnh KOH tng 7,92 gam v cn li
336 ml kh N
2
(ktc) ra khi bnh. Bit Y ch cha mt nguyn t nit. Cng thc phn t ca Y l:
A. C
6
H
7
ON B. C
6
H
7
N C. C
5
H
9
N D.C
5
H
7
N
Bi 4: Phn tch cc thnh phn nguyn t ca 1 axit cacboxylic A thu c 34,615%C v 3,84%H. A
l:
A. axit axetic B. axit fomic C. axit acrylic D. axit manolic
Bi 5: Cht A (C, H, O) vi thnh phn khi lng cc nguyn t tho mn: 8(m
C
+ m
H
) = 7 m
O
. Bit A
c th iu ch trc tip t glucoz. Cng tc phn t ca A l:
A. CH
2
O B. C
2
H
4
O
2
C. C
3
H
6
O
3
D. C
4
H
8
O
4
Bi 6: Hiro ho 1 hirocacbon A mch h cha no thnh no phi dng mt th tch H
2
gp i th
tch hi hirocacbon dng. Mt khc t chy mt th tch hi hirocacbon trn thu c 9 th tch hn
hp CO
2
v hi H
2
O (cc th tch o cung iu kin). CTPT ca A l:
A.C
3
H
6
B. C
5
H
8
C. C
6
H
10
D.C
4
H
8
Bi 7: t chy hon ton 2,64 gam 1 hirocacbon A thu c 4,032 lt CO
2
(ktc). CTPT ca
hirocacbon A l:
A. C
6
H
14
B. C
6
H
12
C. C
3
H
8
D. C
3
H
6
Bi 8: t chy hon ton 3 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,4 gam CO
2
v 1,8 gam H
2
O. Bit t khi
ca A vi He l 7,5. CTPT ca A l:
A. CH
2
O B. CH
4
C. C
2
H
4
O
2
D. C
2
H
6
Bi 9: C 3 cht hu c A, B, C m phn t ca chng lp thnh 1 cp s cng. Bt c cht no khi chy
cng ch to CO
2
v H
2
O, trong n
CO2
: n
H2O
= 2 : 3. CTPT ca A, B, C ln lt l:
A. C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
4
O, C
2
H
4
O
2
B. C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
O, C
2
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
8
O, C
3
H
8
O
2
D. C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
6
O, C
2
H
6
O
2
Bi 10: t chy 200 ml hi mt cht hu c A cha C, H, O trong 900 ml O
2
, th tch hn hp kh thu
c l 1,3 lt. Sau khi co hi nc nhng t ch con 700 ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH c ch cn
100 ml (cc th tch o cng iu kin). CTPT ca A l:
A. C
3
H
6
B. C
3
H
6
C. C
3
H
8
O D. C
3
H
8
Bi 11: Trn 400 cm
3
hn hp hp cht hu c A v nit vi 900 cm
3
oxi d ri t. Th tch hn hp
sau phn ng l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho hi nc ngng t th cn 800 cm
3
, tip tc cho qua dung dch KOH th
cn 400 cm
3
. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
2
H
4
B. CH
4
C. C
2
H
6
D. C
3
H
8
Bi 12: C 5,5 th tch oxi th t chy va 1 th tch kh hirocacbon. CTPT ca hirocacbon l:
trang 35
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. C
4
H
6
B. C
5
H
2
C. C
6
H
6
D. A, B ng
Bi 13: Oxi ho hon ton 4,6 gam hp cht hu c A bng CuO un nng. Sau phn ng thu c 4,48
lt CO
2
(ktc) v H
2
O, ng thi nhn thy khi lng CuO ban u gim bt 9,6 gam. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
2
H
6
O B. C
3
H
8
O C. C
2
H
6
O
2
D. C
4
H
12
O
2
Bi 14: t chy hon ton 1hirocacbon A cn dng 28,8 gam oxi thu c 13,44 lt CO
2
(ktc)> Bt
t khi hi ca A i vi khng kh l d vi 2 < d < 2,5. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
4
H
8
B.C
5
H
10
C. C
5
H
12
D. C
4
H
10

Bi 15: t chy hon ton 18 gam hp cht A cn dng 16,8 lt oxi (ktc). Hn hp sn phm chy
gm CO
2
v hi nc c t l v th tch V
CO2
: V
H2O
= 3: 2. Bit t khi hi ca A i vi H
2
l36.CTPT ca
A l:
A. C
2
H
6
O B. C
2
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
O
2
D. C
3
H
4
O
2
Bi 16: t chy hon ton m gam hp cht hu c A th thu c a gam CO
2
v b gam H
2
O. Bit 3a =
11b v 7m = 3(a + b). CTPT ca A l: (bit t khi hi ca A i vi khng kh nh hn 3)
A. C
3
H
8
B. C
2
H
6
C. C
3
H
4
O
2
D. C
3
H
6
O
2
Bi 17: t chy 1,08 hp cht hu c X ri cho ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
thy
bnh nng thm 4,6 gam ng thi to thnh 6,475 gam mui axit v 5,91 gam mui trung ho. T khi hi
ca X i vi He l 13,5. CTPT ca X l:
A. C
3
H
6
O
2
B. C
4
H
6
C. C
4
H
10
D. C
3
H
8
O
2
Bi 18: t chy hp cht hu c A (Cha C, H, O) phi dng 1 lng oxi bng 8 ln lng oxi c
trong A v thu c lng CO
2
v H
2
O theo t l khi lng m
CO2
: m
H2O
= 22 : 9. Bit t khi hi ca X so
vi H
2
l 29. CTPT ca X l:
A. C
2
H
6
O
2
B. C
2
H
6
O C. C
3
H
6
O D. C
3
H
6
O
2
Bi 19: t chy hon ton 1 mol ancol no A cn 2,5 mol O
2
. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
2
H
6
O B. C
2
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
O
3
D. C
3
H
6
O
2
Bi 20: t chy hon ton1,12 gam hp cht hu c A ri cho hp thton b sn phm chy trong
dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thy khi lng bnh cha tng 3,36 gam. Bit n
CO2
= 1,5.n
H2O
v t khi hi ca A
i vi H
2
nh hn 30. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
3
H
4
O B. C
3
H
4
O
2
C. C
6
H
8
O
2
D. C
6
H
8
O
Bi 21: t chy hon ton a gam 1 hirocacbon A mch h. Sn phm chy cdn qua bnh cha
nc vi trong c d, thu c 3 gam kt ta, ng thi bnh nng thm 1,68 gam. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
2
H
6
B. C
3
H
8
C. C
3
H
4
D. C
2
H
2
Bi 22: Cho 5 cm
3
C
x
H
y
th kh vi 30 cm
3
O
2
(ly d) vo kh nhin k. Sau khi bt tia la in v
lm lnh, trong kh nhin k cn 20 cm
3
m 15 cm
3
b hp th bi dung dch KOH. Phn cn li b hp th
bi photpho. CXTPT ca hirocacbon l:
A. CH
4
B. C
2
H
6
C. C
3
H
8
D. C
4
H
10
Dng 3: Tnh lng cht v sn phm phn ng
Bi 1: Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 8,64 gam B. 6,84 gam C. 4,90 gam D. 6,80 gam
Bi 2: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l:
A. 17,80 gam B. 18,24 gam C. 16,68 gam D. 38 gam
Bi 3: Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan. S cng thc cu to ng
vi cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. 5 B.4 C. 2 D. 3
Bi 4: Trong phn t amino axit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc
dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc
ca X l:
A. H
2
NC
3
H
6
COOH B. H
2
NCH
2
COOH
C. H
2
NC
2
H
4
COOH D. H
2
NC
4
H
8
COOH
Bi 5: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH
0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dng dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t
ca X l:
A. C
2
H
5
COOH B. CH
3
COOH C. HCOOH D. C
3
H
7
COOH
trang 36
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi 6: Ly 15,6 g hn hp gm ancol etylic v mt ancol ng ng chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn
1 cho tc dng Na d thu c 2,24 L H
2
(ktc). Phn 2 em trn vi 30 g axit axetic ri thc hin phn ng
este, hiu sut 80% th thu c m (g) este. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 10,08 g B. 12,96 g C. 13,44 g D. 15,68 g
Bi 7: X phng ho hon ton 89g cht bo X bng dung dch NaOH va nhn c 9,2g glixerol
v m (g) x phng. Vy gi tr ca m l
A. 78,4 g B. 89,6 g C. 91,8 g D. 96,6 g
Bi tp rn luyn k nng
Bi 1. Ly 10,4g 1 axit hu c 2 ln axit cho tc dng va vi 100 mL dung dch NaOH 2M c
dung dch X, em c cn dung dch th c m(g) mui khan. Vy gi tr ca m l
A. 12,6 B. 14,8 C. 16,6 D. 18,8
Bi 2. Cht hu c X (C, H, O) tc dng c vi NaOH nhng khng phn ng vi Na. Ly m(g) X
t chy th cn 8,4 L oxi, thu c 6,72 L CO
2
v 5,4g H
2
O. Vy s ng phn cng chc vi X l
A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 4
Bi 3. em un nng hn hp gm 2 ancol no, n l ng ng k tip vi H
2
SO
4
c, 140
0
C thu c
8,8g hn hp 3 ete v 1,8g H
2
O. CTPT 2 ancol trong hn hp X:
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH B. C
4
H
9
OH v C
5
H
10
OH
C. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH D. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
Bi 4. t chy m (g) 1 ancol n chc cn V lt oxi, thu c 17,6g CO
2
v 9,0g H
2
O. Vy th tch oxi
l
A. 11,2 L B. 15,68 L C. 13,44 L D. 17,92 L
Bi 5. t chy a (g) hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc thu c 6,72 lt CO
2
(ktc). Nu un nng a
(g) hn hp X trn vi H
2
SO
4
c, 170
0
C th thu c hn hp Y gm 2 olefin, em t chy ht Y th c
b (g) CO
2
v H
2
O. Vy b c gi tr l
A. 15,8 g B. 18,6 g C. 17,2 g D. 19,6 g
Bi 6. t chy ht 0,1 mol axit cacboxylic n chc X cn V lt kh oxi, thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,2
mol H
2
O. Vy V c gi tr l
A. 8,96 L B. 11,2 L C. 6,72 L D. 4,48 L
Bi 7. Ly 17,24g cht bo x phng ho va 0,06 mol NaOH, sau em c cn c m (g) x
phng. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 18,24 g B. 16,68 g C. 18,38 g D. 17,80 g
Bi 8. t chy 1 amin n chc X ta nhn c 8,4 lt CO
2
, 1,4 lt N
2
, 10,125g H
2
O. Vy CTPT X l
A. C
3
H
7
N B. C
2
H
7
N C. C
3
H
9
N D. C
4
H
9
N
trang 37
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Moun 2: PHNG PHP TNG GIM KHI LNG
2.1. L thuyt
Cc phn ng ho hc xy ra chuyn cht ny sang cht khc nn khi lng phn t ca cht cng thay
i theo. S thay i ny c th ln hn hoc nh hn hay cn gi l tng ln hoc gim xung. S dng
tnh cht ny thit lp phng trnh lin h, v gii cc bi ton ho hc theo phng php tng gim khi
lng.
2.1.1. Ton V c
Mt s bi tp c li gii
Bi 1. Ha tan 14 gam hn hp 2 mui MCO
3
v R
2
CO
3
bng dung dch HCl d, thu c dung dch A
v 0,672 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch A th thu c m gam mui khan. m c gi tr l
A. 16,33 g B. 14,33 g C. 9,265 g D. 12,65 g
Hng dn gii
Vn dng phng php tng gim khi lng.
Theo phng trnh ta c:
C 1 mol mui CO
3
2
2mol Cl

+ 1mol CO
2
lng mui tng 71 60 = 11 g
Theo s mol CO
2
thot ra l 0,03 th khi lng mui tng 11.0,03 = 0,33 g
Vy m
mui clorua
= 14 + 0,33 = 14,33 g.
p n B.
Bi 2. Nhng 1 thanh nhm nng 45 gam vo 400 mL dung dch CuSO
4
0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly
thanh nhm ra cn nng 46,38 gam. Khi lng Cu thot ra l
A. 0,64 g B. 1,28 g C. 1,92 g D. 2,56 g
Hng dn gii
C 2 mol Al 3 mol Cu khi lng tng 3.64 2.27 = 138 g
Theo n mol Cu khi lng tng 46,38 45 = 1,38 g
n
Cu
= 0,03 mol. m
Cu
= 0,03.64 = 1,92 g
p n C.
Bi 3. Ha tan 5,94 gam hn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi A, B (u c ho tr II) vo nc c
dung dch X. lm kt ta ht ion Cl

c trong dung dch X ngi ta cho dung dch X tc dng vi dung


dch AgNO
3
thu c 17,22 gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y c m gam hn
hp mui khan. Gi tr m l
A. 6,36 g B. 63,6 g C. 9,12 g D. 91,2 g
Hng dn gii
p dng phng php tng gim khi lng:
C 1 mol MCl
2
1 mol M(NO
3
)
2
v 2 mol AgCl th m tng 2.62 2.35,5 = 53 gam
0,12 mol AgCl khi lng tng 3,18 gam
m
mui nitrat
= m
mui clorua
+ m
tng
= 5,94 + 3,18 = 9,12 (gam)
p n C.
Bi 4. Mt bnh cu dung tch 448 mL c np y oxi ri cn. Phng in ozon ho, sau np
thm cho y oxi ri cn. Khi lng trong hai trng hp chnh lch nhau 0,03 gam. Bit cc th tch np
u ktc. Thnh phn % v th tch ca ozon trong hn hp sau phn ng l
A. 9,375 % B. 10,375 % C. 8,375 % D.11,375 %
Hng dn gii
Th tch bnh khng i, do khi lng chnh l do s ozon ha.
C 1 mol oxi c thay bng 1mol ozon khi lng tng 16g
Vy khi lng tng 0,03 gam th s mL ozon (ktc) l
0,03
24000
16
= 42 ( mL)
%O
3
=
42
100%
448
= 9,375%
p n A.
Bi 5. Ho tan hon ton 4 gam hn hp MCO
3
v MCO
3
vo dung dch HCl thy thot ra V lt kh
(ktc). Dung dch thu c em c cn thu c 5,1 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,12 L B. 1,68 L C. 2,24 L D. 3,36 L
Hng dn gii
trang 38
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
3 2 2 2
MCO 2HCl MCl H O CO + + +
4 g 5,1 g x mol m
tng
= 5,1 4 = 1,1 g
M
+60
M
+71 1 mol m
tng
= 11 g
1,1
x
11
= 0,1 (mol) V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 L
p n C.
Bi 6. Cho 1,26 gam mt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long to ra 3,42 gam mui sunfat.
Kim loi l
A. Mg B. Fe C. Ca D. Al
Hng dn gii
p dng phng php tng gim khi lng.
C 1 mol kim loi tc dng to thnh mui SO
4
2
khi lng tng ln 96 gam.
Theo khi lng tng 3,42 1,26 = 2,16 g.
Vy s mol kim loi M l 0,0225 mol. Vy M =
1,26
56
0,0225

. M l Fe
p n B.
Bi 7. Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi X v Y bng dung dch HCl ta thu c
12,71gam mui khan. Th tch kh H
2
thu c (ktc) l
A. 0,224 L B. 2,24 L C. 4,48 L D. 0,448 L
Hng dn gii
p dng phng php tng gim khi lng.
C 1 mol Cl

sinh ra sau phn ng khi lng mui tng ln 35,5 g.


Theo , tng 0,71 g, do s mol Cl

phn ng l l 0,02 mol.


2
H
Cl
1
n n
2

= 0,01 (mol). V = 0,224 L
p n A.
Bi 8. Cho ho tan hon ton a gam Fe
3
O
4
trong dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch D, cho D tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i na, thy khi lng kt
ta tng ln 3,4 gam. em nung kt ta n khi lng khng i c b gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a, b ln
lt l
A. 46,4 g v 48 g B. 48,4 g v 46 g
C. 64,4 g v 76,2 g D. 76,2 g v 64,4 g
Hng dn gii
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HCl 2FeCl
3
+ FeCl
2
+ 4H
2
O
FeCl
2
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)
2
+ 2NaOH
FeCl
3
+ 3NaOH Fe(OH)
3
+ 3NaOH
4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4Fe(OH)
3
2Fe(OH)
3

0
t

Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
Nhn xt: Ta thy Fe
3
O
4
c th vit dng Fe
2
O
3
.FeO. Khi cho D tc dng vi NaOH kt ta thu c
gm Fe(OH)
2
v Fe(OH)
3
. ngoi khng kh Fe(OH)
2
Fe(OH)
3
1 mol Fe(OH)
2
1 mol Fe(OH)
3
thm 1 mol OH khi lng tng ln 17 g
0,2 mol 0,2 mol .... 3,4 g
2 3 2
FeO Fe O Fe(OH)
n n n
= 0,2 mol
0,2 mol Fe
3
O
4
0,3 mol Fe
2
O
3
a = 232.0,2 = 46,4 g, b = 160.0,3 = 48 g
p n A.
Bi 9. Cho 8 gam hn hp A gm Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi 200 mL dung dch CuSO
4
n khi phn
ng kt thc, thu c 12,4 gam cht rn B v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
d, lc v nung kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 8 gam hn hp gm 2 oxit.
a. Khi lng Mg v Fe trong A ln lt l
A. 4,8 g v 3,2 g B. 3,6 g v 4,4 g C. 2,4 g v 5,6 g D. 1,2 g v 6,8 g
b. Nng mol ca dung dch CuSO
4
l
A. 0,25 M B. 0,75 M C. 0,5 M D. 0,125 M
trang 39
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
c. Th tch NO thot ra khi ho tan B trong dung dch HNO
3
d l
A. 1,12 L B. 3,36 L C. 4,48 L D. 6,72 L
Hng dn gii
a. Cc phn ng :
Mg + CuSO
4
MgSO
4
+ Cu
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
Dung dch D gm MgSO
4
v FeSO
4
. Cht rn B bao gm Cu v Fe c th d
MgSO
4
+ 2NaOH Mg(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
Mg(OH)
2

0
t

MgO + H
2
O
4Fe(OH) + O
2

0
t

2Fe
2
O
3
+ 4H
2
O
Gi x, y l s mol Mg v Fe phn ng. S tng khi lng t hn hp A (gm Mg v Fe) hn hp B
(gm Cu v Fe c th d) l
64x + 64y) (24x + 56y) = 12,4 8 = 4,4
Hay : 5x + y = 0,55 (I)
Khi lng cc oxit MgO v Fe
2
O
3
m = 40x + 80y = 8
Hay : x + 2y = 0,2 (II)
T (I) v (II) tnh c x = 0,1; y = 0,05
m
Mg
= 24.0,1 = 2,4 g
m
Fe
= 8 2,4 = 5,6 g
p n C.
b.
4
CuSO
n
= x + y = 0,15 mol
C
M
=
0,15
0,2
= 0,75 M
p n B.
c. Hn hp B gm Cu v Fe d. n
Cu
= 0,15 mol; n
Fe
= 0,1 0,05 = 0,05 mol. Khi tc dng vi dung dch
HNO
3
. Theo phng php bo ton eletron
Cht kh l Fe v Cu
Fe Fe
+3
+ 3e
Cu Cu
+2
+ 2e
Cht oxi ho l HNO
3
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
(NO)
3a...............a..a
Ta c 3a = 0,15 + 0,3; a = 0,15 (mol). V
NO
= 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (lt)
p n B.
Bi 10. Cho 2,81 gam hn hp gm 3 oxit Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 mL dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M th khi lng hn hp cc mui sunfat khan to ra l
A. 3,81 g B. 4,81 g C. 5,21 g D. 4,86 g
Hng dn gii
p dng phng php tng gim khi lng.
C 1 mol H
2
SO
4
phn ng, thay th O (trong oxit) bng SO
4
2
trong cc kim loi, khi lng tng
96 16 = 80 g.
Theo s mol H
2
SO
4
phn ng l 0,03 th khi lng tng 0,24 g.
Vy khi lng mui khan thu c l: 2,81 + 2,4 = 5,21 g.
p n C.
Phn loi bi tp theo mt s dng c bn
Dng 1: Chuyn mui ny thnh mui khc
Nguyn tc: Vit s chuyn ho v cn bng s lng nguyn t ca nguyn t chung 2 v s
sao cho bng nhau. T nh gi khi lng tng hay gim v da vo iu kin bi thit lp
phng trnh lin h vi khi lng tng gim .
1. Ly 3,44g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim em ho tan trong dung dch HCl d th nhn
c 448 mL CO
2
(ktc). Vy khi lng mui clorua to thnh l
trang 40
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. 4,26 g B. 3,66 g C.5,12 g D. 6,72 g
2. Ly 1,84g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim th em ho tan trong dung dch HCl d th
nhn c 448 mL CO
2
(ktc) v m(g) hn hp mui clorua. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 1,92 g B. 2,06 g C. 2,12 g D. 1,24 g
3. Ly 4 g kim loi R ho tr II em ho tan trong dung dch HCl va th nhn c 2,24 lit H
2
(ktc)
v dung dch X. Cho dung dch Na
2
CO
3
d vo dung dch X th nhn c m(g) kt ta. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 8,12 B. 10,00 C. 11,12 D. 12,0
4. Ha tan 14g hn hp 2 mui MCO
3
v R
2
CO
3
bng dd HCl d thu c dd A v 0,672 lit kh (kc).
C cn dd A thu c s gam mui khan l
A. 16,33 B. 14,33 C. 9,265 D. 12,65
5. Ha tan 5,94g hn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi A, B u c ha tr II vo nc c dd X.
lm kt ta ht ion Cl
-
c trong dd X ngi ta cho dd X tc dng vi dd AgNO
3
thu c 17,22g kt ta. Lc
b kt ta thu c dd Y. C cn dd Y thu c s gam hn hp mui khan l
A. 6,36 B. 63,6 C. 9,12 D. 91,2
6. Ha tan 104,25g hn hp cc mui NaCl, NaI vo nc. Cho kh clo i qua ri c cn. Nung cht
rn thu c cho n khi ht mu tm bay ra. B rn cn li sau khi nung nng 58,5g. % khi lng mi
mui trong hn hp thu c l
A. 29,5% v 70,5% B. 65% v 35%
C. 28,06 % v 71,94% D. 50% v 50%
7. Ha tan hon ton 23,8g hn hp 1 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr I v 1 mui cacbonat ha tr II
bng dd HCl thy thot ra 4,48lit kh CO
2
(kc). C cn dd sau phn ng thu c lng mui khan l
A. 26g B. 28g C. 26,8g D. 28,6g
8. Nung nng 100g hn hp NaHCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
n khi lng khng i thu c 69g hn hp rn.
% khi lng ca NaHCO
3
trong hn hp l
A. 80% B. 70% C. 80,66% D. 84%
9. Khi ly 16,65g mui clorua ca 1 kim loi nhm IIA v 1 mui nitrat ca kim loi (cng s mol
vi 16,65g mui clorua) th thy khc nhau 7,95g. Kim loi l
A. Mg B. Ba C. Ca D. Be
10. Cho dd AgNO
3
tc dng vi dd hn hp c ho tan 6,25g hai mui KCl v KBr thu c 10,39g hn
hp kt ta. S mol ca hn hp ban u l
A. 0,08 B. 0,06 C. 0,055 D. 0,03
trang 41
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
DNG : KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI (4 trng hp)
Trng hp 1: 1 kim loi v 1 dung dch mui
1. Ly 2 thanh kim loi M ho tr II. Thanh 1 nhng vo 250 mL dung dch FeSO
4
; thanh 2 nhng vo
250 mL dung dch CuSO
4
. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, thanh 1 tng 16g, thanh 2 tng 20g. Bit nng
mol/L ca 2 dung dch ban u bng nhau. Vy M l
A. Mg B. Ni C. Zn D. Be
2. Ly 2 thanh kim loi R ho tr II c khi lng p(g). Thanh 1 nhng vo dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
; thanh 2
nhng vo dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
. Sau th nghim thanh 1 gim 0,2%, thanh 2 tng 28,4%. Bit s mol mui
nitrat ca R to ra trong 2 dung dch bng nhau. Vy R l
A. Fe B. Ni C. Zn D. Mg
3. Nhng 1 thanh Al nng 45g vo 400ml dd CuSO
4
0,5M. Sau 1 thi gian ly thanh Al ra cn nng
46,38g. Khi lng Cu thot ra l
A. 0,64g B. 1,28g C. 1,92g D. 2,56g
4. Nhng 1 thanh kim loi ha tr II vo dd CuSO
4
d. Sau phn ng khi lng thanh kim loi gim
0,24g. Cng thanh kim loi nu nhng vo dd AgNO
3
th khi phn ng xong thy khi lng thanh kim
loi tng 0,52g. Kim loi l
A. Pb B. Cd C. Sn D. Al
5. Ngm 1 vt bng Cu c khi lng 15g trong 340g dd AgNO
3
6%. Sau 1 thi gian ly vt ra thy khi
lng AgNO
3
trong dd gim 25%. Khi lng ca vt sau phn ng l
A. 3,24g B. 2,28g C. 17,28g D. 24,12g
6. Cho 3,78g bt Al phn ng va vi dd mui XCl
3
to thnh dd Y. Khi lng cht tan trong dd Y
gim i 4,06g so vi dd XCl
3
. Cng thc ca XCl
3
l
A. InCl
3
B. GaCl
3
C. FeCl
3
D. GeCl
3
7. Nhng thanh Zn vo dd cha 8,32g CdSO
4
. Sau khi kh hon ton ion Cd
2+
khi lng thanh Zn tng
2,35% so vi ban u. Khi lng thanh Zn ban u l
A. 80g B. 72,5g C. 70g D. 83,4g
8. Nhng thanh kim loi R ha tr II vo dd CuSO
4
. Sau 1 thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy khi lng
gim 0,05%. Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dd Cu(NO
3
)
2
sau 1 thi gian thy khi lng tng
7,1g. Bit s mol R tham gia 2 trng hph nh nhau. R l
A. Cd B. Zn C. Fe D. Sn
Trng hp 2 : 2 kim loi v 1 dung dch mui
Trt t phn ng xy ra l: kim loi no hot ng mnh hn xy ra trc, km hot ng hn xy ra
sau.
1. Ly 1,36g hn hp gm Mg v Fe cho vo 400 mL dung dch CuSO
4
C
M
, sau khi phn ng xong th
nhn c 1,84g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch Z, lc kt ta nung ngoi khng
kh c 1,2g cht rn (gm 2 oxit kim loi). Vy C
M
ca dung dch CuSO
4
l
A. 0,02 M B. 0,05 M C. 0,08 M D. 0,12 M
2. Ly 2,144g hn hp A gm Fe, Cu cho vo 0,2 lt dung dch AgNO
3
C
M
, sau khi phn ng xong nhn
c 7,168g cht rn B v dung dch C. Cho NaOH vo dung dch C, lc kt ta nung ngoi khng kh th
c 2,56g cht rn (gm 2 oxit). Vy C
M
l
A. 0,16 M B. 0,18 M C. 0,32 M D. 0,36 M
3. Cho m gam bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dd CuSO
4
. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, lc b dd thu c
m gam cht rn. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp ban u l
A. 90,27% B. 82,2% C. 85,3% D. 12,67%
trang 42
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
4. Cho 8 gam hn hp A gm Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi 200ml dd CuSO
4
n khi phn ng kt thc thu
uoc 12,4g cht rn B v dd D. Cho dd D tc dng vi dd NaOH d, lc v nung kt ta ngoi khng kh
n khi lng khng i thu c 8g hn hp 2 oxit.
a. Khi lng ca Mg v Fe trong hn hp ln lt l
A. 4,8 v 3,2g B. 3,6 v 4,4g C. 2,4 v 5,6g D. 1,2 v 6,8g
b. Nng mol ca dd CuSO
4
l
A. 0,25M B. 0,75M C. 4,48M D. 0,125M
5. Cho hn hp bt gm 0,48g Mg v 1,68g Fe vo dd CuCl
2
, khuy u n phn ng hon ton thu
c 3,12g phn khng tan X. S mol CuCl
2
tham gia phn ng l
A. 0,03 B. 0,05 C. 0,06 D. 0,04
Trng hp 3: Cho mt kim loi vo dung dch cha hai mui:
Trt t phn ng xy ra l ion kim loi no c tnh oxi ho mnh phn ng trc, ion kim loi no c
tnh oxi ho yu phn ng sau.
1. Ha tan 5,4 gam Al vo 150 ml dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
3
1M v Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M. Kt thc phn ng thu c
m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l
A. 10,95 B. 13,20 C. 13,80 D. 15,20
2. Ly m gam bt Fe cho vo 100 ml dung dch X cha AgNO
3
1M v Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M. Sau khi kt thc
phn ng thu c dung dch Y v 19 gam cht rn Z gm 3 kim loi. Gi tr m l
A. 5,6 B. 8,4 C. 10,2 D. 14,0
3. Ly m gam bt Fe cho vo 0,5lit dung dch X cha AgNO
3
0,2M v Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,3M. Sau phn ng
kt thc thu c 17,2 gam cht rn v dung dch Y (mu xanh nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,6 B. 8,4 C. 11,2 D. 14,0
Trng hp 4: Cho hai kim loi vo dung dch cha hai mui:
Trng hp ny bi ton gii theo phng php bo ton electron (Trnh by phng php bo ton
electron).
1. Hn hp X gm 0,15 mol Mg v 0,1 mol Fe cho vo 500 mL dung dch Y gm AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
;
sau khi phn ng xong nhn c 20 gam cht rn Z v dung dch E; cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung
dch E lc kt ta nung ngoi khng kh nhn c 8,4 gam hn hp 2 oxit. Vy nng mol/l mui
AgNO
3
, mui Cu(NO
3
)
2
ln lt l:
A. 0,12 M v 0,36 M B. 0,24 M v 0,5 M
C. 0,12 M v 0,3 M D. 0,24 M v 0,6 M
2. Ly 6,675 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Zn c s mol bng nhau cho vo 500 mL dung dch Y gm
AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
sau khi phn ng xong nhn c 26,34 gam cht rn Z; cht rn Z em ho trong HCl
d thu c 0,448 L H
2
(ktc).
Nng mui AgNO
3
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong dung dch Y ln lt l:
A. 0,44 M v 0,04 M B.0,44 M v 0,08 M
C. 0,12 M v 0,04 M D. 0,12 M v 0,08 M
3. Ly 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe cho vo 500 mL dung dch Y gm AgNO
3
0,2 M, Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,4
M, sau khi phn ng xong ta nhn c cht rn B v dung dch C khng cn mu xanh ca ion Cu
2+
, cht
rn B khng tan trong axit dd HCl. Vy phn trm theo khi lng Al, Fe trong hn hp X ln lc l:
A. 27,5% v 2,5%B. 27,25% v 72,75%
C. 32,25% v 62,75% D. 32,50% v 67,50%
trang 43
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp rn luyn k nng
1. Tin hnh 2 th nghim:
- TN1: Cho m gam bt Fe d vo V
1
lit dd Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M.
- TN2: Cho m gam bt Fe d vo V
2
lit dd AgNO
3
0,1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton khi lng cht rn thu c 2 TN u bng nhau. Gi tr ca
V
1
so vi V
2
l
A. V1 = V2 B. V1 = 10 V2 C. V1 = 5V2 D. V1 = 2V2
2. Nung 1 hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO
3
v b mol FeS
2
trong bnh kn cha khng kh d. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton. a bnh v nhit ban u thu c cht rn duy nht l Fe
2
O
3
v hn hp
kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau. Mi lin h gia a v b (bit sau phn
ng, lu hunh mc oxi ha +4, th tch cht rn khng ng k).
A. a = 0,5b B. a = b C. a = 4b D. a = 2b
3. Cho 2,81g hn hp gm 3 oxit Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 ml dd H
2
SO
4
0,1M th khi
lng hn hp cc mui sunfat to ra l
A. 3,81g B. 4,81g C. 5,21g D. 4,86g
4. em nung mt khi lng Cu(NO
3
)
2
sau 1 thi gian thy khi lng hn hp gim 0,54g. Khi lng
Cu(NO
3
)
2
b nhit phn l
A. 0,5g B. 0,49g C. 9,4g D. 0,94g
5. Nhit phn hon ton 9,4g mt mui nitrat kim loi thu c 4g oxit rn. Cng thc mui dng l
A. Fe(NO
3
)
3
B. Al(NO
3
)
3
C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
D. AgNO
3
6. Nung nng 66,2g Pb(NO
3
)
2
thu c 55,4g cht rn. Hiu sut phn ng phn hy l
A. 25% B. 40% C. 27,5% D. 50%
7. Ha tan hon ton a gam Fe
3
O
4
trong dd HCl thu c dd D. Cho D tc dng vi dd NaOH d, lc kt
ta ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i th thy khi lng kt ta tng ln 3,4g. em nung kt
ta n khi lng khng i c b gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a, b ln lt l
A. 46,4g v 48g B. 48,4g v 46g
C. 64,4g v 76,2g D. 76,2g v 64,4g
8. Ha tan 12g mui cacbonat kim loi bng dd HCl d thu c dd A v 1,008lit kh bay ra (kc). Khi
lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dd A l
A. 12,495g B. 12g C. 11,459g D. 12,5g
9. Cho a gam hn hp gm FeS
2
v FeCO
3
vi s mol bng nhau vo 1 bnh kn cha oxi d. p sut
trong bnh l P1 atm. Nung nng bnh phn ng xy ra hon ton ri a bnh v nhit ban u, p
sut kh trong bnh lc ny l P2 atm. Bit th tch cht rn trc v sau phn ng khng ng k. T l P
1
/P
2
l
A. 0,5 B. 1 C. 2 D. 2,5
10. Ha tan hon ton 4g hn hp MCO
3
v M

CO
3
vo dd HCl thy thot ra V lit kh (kc). Dd thu
c em c cn thu c 5,1g mui khan. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,12 B. 1,68 C. 2,24 D. 3,36
trang 44
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
11. Cho 3,78g bt Al phn ng va vi dd mui XCl
3
to thnh dd Y. Khi lng cht tan trong dd Y
gim i 4,06g so vi dd XCl
3
. Cng thc ca XCl
3
l
A. InCl
3
B. GaCl
3
C. FeCl
3
D. GeCl
3
12. Nhng thanh Zn vo dd cha 8,32g CdSO
4
. Sau khi kh hon ton ion Cd
2+
khi lng thanh Zn
tng 2,35% so vi ban u. Khi lng thanh Zn ban u l
A. 80g B. 72,5g C. 70g D. 83,4g
13. Nhng thanh kim loi R ha tr II vo dd CuSO
4
. Sau 1 thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy khi
lng gim 0,05%. Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dd Pb(NO
3
)
2
sau 1 thi gian thy khi lng
tng 7,1%. Bit s mol R tham gia 2 trng hph nh nhau. R l
A. Cd B. Zn C. Fe D. Sn
1.2.2. Ton hu c
Cc phn ng xy ra gia cc cht hu c khi thay th nguyn t ny bng nguyn t khc hoc
nhm nguyn t ny bng nhm nguyn t khc, hoc chuyn nhm chc ny thnh nhm chc khc dn
n khi lng mol ca cht cng thay i theo.
S thay i ny c th tng ln hoc gim xung, s dng tnh cht ny thit lp phng trnh lin h
v gii cc bi ton hu c theo phng php tng gim khi lng.
Nguyn tc:
Vit v cn bng chnh xc phng trnh phn ng xy ra gia cc cht hoc vit s chuyn ha gia
cc cht. T chn phn chung 2 v nh gi s tng hoc gim v da vo d kin bi thit lp
phng trnh lin h vi i lng tng, gim .
Bi tp
1: Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 8,64 gam B. 6,84 gam C. 4,90 gam D. 6,80 gam
2: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO
3
thu c 7,28 gam mui ca
axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gon ca X l:
A. CH
2
= CH COOH B. CH
3
COOH
C. HC C COOH D. CH
3
CH
2
COOH
3: Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt
CO
2
( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi
phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l:
A. etyl propionat B. Metyl propionat C. isopropyl axetat D. etyl axetat
4: Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X t dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan. S cng thc cu to ng vi
cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. 5 B. 4 C. 2 D. 3
5: Trong phn t amino axit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc dng
va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X
l:
A. H
2
NC
3
H
6
COOH B. H
2
NCH
2
COOH
C. H
2
NC
2
H
4
COOH D. H
2
NC
4
H
8
COOH
6: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH
3
COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi
5,75 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este
ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,12 B. 6,48 C. 8,10 D. 16,20
7: amino axit X cha mt nhm NH
2
. Cho 10,3 gam X tc dng vi axit HCl (d), thu c 13,95
gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l:
A. H
2
NCH
2
COOH B. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOH
C. CH
3
CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH D. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH
8: X l mt amino axit no ch cha 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH
2
. Cho 0,89 gam X phn ng va
vi HCl to ra 1,255 gam mui. Vy cng thc ca X c th l:
trang 45
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. H
2
N CH
2
COOH B. CH
3
CH(NH
2
) COOH
C. CH
3
CH(NH
2
) CH
2
COOH D. C
3
H
7
CH(NH
2
) COOH
9: Thy phn 0,01 mol este ca 1 ancol a chc vi mt axit n chc tiu tn ht 1,2 gam NaOH. Mt
khc khi thy phn 6,35 gam este th tiu tn ht 3 gam NaOH v thu c 7,05 gam mui. CTPT v
CTCT ca este l:
A. (CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
B. (C
2
H
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
C. C
3
H
5
(COOCH
3
)
3
D. C
3
H
5
(COOC
2
H
3
)
3
10: Mt hn hp gm metanal v etanal. Khi oxi ho m gam hn hp A thu c hn hp B gm 2 axit
hu c tng ng c t khi hi so vi A bng x. Bit hiu sut phn ng = 100%. Khong gii hn ca x l
A. 1,33 < x < 1,53 B. 1,53 < x < 1,73
C. 1,36 < x < 1,45 D. 1,36 < x < 1,53
11: Cht A la este ca glixerin vi axit cacboxylic n chc mch h A
1
. un nng 5,45 gam A vi
NaOH cho ti phn ng hon ton thu c 6,15 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca A
1
l:
A. HCOOH B. CH
3
COOH C. C
2
H
5
COOHD. C
3
H
7
COOH
12: A l mt amino axit no ch cha mt nhm NH
2
v mt nhm COOH. Cho 17,8 gam A tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH d ta thu c 22,2 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca A l:
A. H
2
N CH
2
COOH B. NH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COOH
C. CH
3
CH(NH
2
) COOH D. CH
3
CH
2
CH(NH
2
) - COOH
13: Cho 20,15 gam hn hp 2 axit no n chc tc dng va vi dung dch Na
2
CO
3
thi thu c V lt
CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch mui. C cn dung dch th thu c 28,96 gam mui. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 4,84 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 2,42 lt
14: Khi thu phn hon ton 0,05 mol este ca mt axit a chc vi mt ru n chc tiu tn ht 5,6
gam KOH. Mt khc khi thu phn 5,475 gam este th tiu tn ht 4,2 gam KOH v thu c 6,225 gam
mui. Vy cng thc cu to este l:
A. (COOC
2
H
5
)
2
B. (COOCH
3
)
2
C. (COOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
)
2
D. Kt qu khc.
trang 46
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Moun 3: PHNG PHP BO TON ELECTRON
3.1 L thuyt
nh lut bo ton electron
Trong phn ng oxi ha kh, s mol electron m cht kh cho bng s mol electron m cht oxi ha
nhn.
n
e cho
= n
e nhn
S dng tnh cht ny thit lp cc phng trnh lin h, gii cc bi ton theo phng php bo ton
electron.
Nguyn tc
Vit 2 s : s cht kh nhng e v s cht oxi ho nhn e.
Ch : (Nu l phn ng trong dung dch nn vit na phn ng theo phng php ion electron). mi
s , s lng nguyn t ca mi nguyn t hai v phi bng nhau; v in tch hai v phi bng nhau.
3.2. Cc dng bi tp
Dng 1: Kim loi tc dng vi axit: (n
e
)
kim loi cho
= (n
e
)
axit nhn
1: Ly 3,9 g hn hp Mg v Al em ho vo dung dch X cha axit HCl v H
2
SO
4
long d, sau khi
phn ng kt thc nhn c 4,48 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Vy phn trm theo khi lng Mg l:
A. 25,25% B. 30,77 C. 33,55% D. 37,75%
2: Ly 3,84 gam Cu em ho vo dung dch HNO
3
long d th nhn c V lt kh NO (ktc). Vy V lt
kh NO v s gam HNO
3
nguyn cht phn ng l:
A. 0,896 L v 14,08 g B. 1,792 L v 18,16 g
C. 1,792 L v 20,16 g D. 0,896 L v 10,08 g
3: Ly 2,24 gam kim loi M em ho vo H
2
SO
4
c nng, d th nhn c 1,344 lt SO
2
(ktc). Tm
kim loi M v s gam H
2
SO
4
phn ng.
A. Al v 12,868 g B. Fe v 11,76 g
C. Cu v 12,8 g D. Zn v 11,76 g
4: Ly 9,9 gam kim loi M c ho tr khng i em ho vo HNO
3
long d nhn c 4,48 lt kh X
gm hai kh NO v N
2
O, t khi ca kh i vi H
2
bng 18,5. Vy kim loi M l
A. Mg B. Zn C. Al D. Ni
5: Ly 5,56 gam hn hp X gm Fe v mt kim loi M c ho tr khng i chia lm hai phn bng
nhau. Phn 1: ho trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng xong th thu c 1,568 lt H
2
(ktc). Phn 2:
cho vo HNO
3
long d, sau khi phn ng xong nhn c 1,344 lt NO (ktc). Tm kim loi M v phn
trm theo khi lng M trong hn hp X.
A. Zn v 42,25% B. Mg v 25,75% C. Al v 19,43% D. Al v 30,75%
6. Ha tan hon ton 11,2g Fe vo dd HNO
3
c dd X v 6,72 lit hn hp kh Y gm NO v 1 kh Z (t
l th tch 1 :1). Bit ch xy ra 2 qu trnh kh. Kh Z l
A. NO
2
B. N
2
O C. N
2
D. NH
3
7. Ha tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO
3
thu c V lit hn hp kh X
(kc) gm NO v NO
2
v dd Y (ch cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H
2
bng 19. Gi tr ca V
l
A. 4,48 B. 5,6 C. 2,24 D. 3,36
8. Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng l 7:3. Ly m gam X phn ng hon ton vi
dd cha 0,7 mol HNO
3
. Sau phn ng cn li 0,75m gam cht rn v c 0,25 mol kh Y gm NO v NO
2
.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 40,5 B. 50,4 C. 50,2 D. 50
9. Hn hp gm 0,15 mol Cu v 0,15 mol Fe phn ng va vi dd HNO
3
thu c 0,2 mol kh NO
(kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Tng khi lng cc mui trong dd sau phn ng l
A. 64,5g B. 40,8g C. 51,6 D. 55,2
trang 47
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
10. Ha tan 5,6g hn hp Cu v Fe vo dd HNO
3
1M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c 3,92g
cht rn khng tan v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit trong hn hp ban u Cu chim 60% khi
lng. Th tch dd HNO
3
dng l
A. 0,07 lit B. 0,08 lit C. 0,12 lit D. 0,16 lit
11. Ha tan 14,8 g hn hp Fe v Cu vo lng d dd hn hp HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c nng. Sau phn ng
thu c 10,08 lit NO
2
v 2,24 lit SO
2
(u kc). Khi lng Fe trong hn hp ban u l
A. 5,6g B. 8,4g C. 18g D. 18,2g
12. Cho hn hp cha 0,05 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Al tc dng vi 100ml dd Y gm AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
cng nng mol. Sau phn ng c cht rn Z gm 3 kim loi. Cho Z tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c
0,035mol kh. Nng mol mi mui trong Y l
A. 0,3M B. 0,4M C. 0,42M D. 0,45M
Dng 2: Fe t trong oxi khng kh ta c hn hp cc oxit st v c th st d, hn hp ny em ho
vo HNO
3
d hoc H
2
SO
4
m c, nng d, hoc l hn hp c hai axit ny d cho 1 hoc 2 sn phm
kh.
m
Fe
+ m
O2
= m
hh rn
Tng s in t Fe cho bng tng s in t O
2
nhn v axit nhn
1. Ly m gam st em t trong oxi khng kh ta c hn hp rn X (gm 4 cht rn) cn nng 12 gam,
hn hp rn X em ho trong HNO
3
d nhn c 2,24 lt kh NO (ktc). Vy m c gi tr l:
A. 8,96 g B. 9,82 g C. 10,08 g D. 11,20 g
2. Ly p gam Fe em t trong oxi ta c 7,52 gam hn hp X gm 3 oxit. Hn hp X em ho tan
trong H
2
SO
4
m c d c 0,672 lt SO
2
(ktc). Vy p c gi tr l:
A. 4,8 g B. 5,6 g C. 7,2 g D. 8,6 g
3. Ly 11,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
em ho trong HNO
3
long d nhn c 1,344
lt NO v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 49,09 g B. 34,36 g C. 35,50 g D. 38,72 g
4. Ly m gam hn hp (FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
) em ho vo HNO
3
m c d th nhn c 4,48 lt NO
2
(ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X c 145,2 gam mui khan. Vy m c gi tr l:
A. 77,7 g B. 35,7 g C. 46,4 g D.15,8 g
5. m gam phoi Fe ngoi khng kh sau 1 thi gian thu c 12g cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
,
Fe
2
O
3
. Ha tan ht X trong dd H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c 2,24 lit kh SO
2
(kc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,52 B. 9,62 C. 9,42 D. 9,72
6. Cho 11,2g Fe tc dng vi oxi c m gam hn hp X gm cc oxit. Ha tan ht X vo dd HNO
3
d
thu c 896 ml NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,6 B. 47,8 C. 15,04 D. 25,84
7. m gam bt Fe ngoi khng kh mt thi gian thu c 11,8g hn hp gm Fe v cc oxit st. Ha
tan hon ton hn hp bng dd HNO
3
long thu c 2,24 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,94 B. 10,04 C. 15,12 D. 20,16
8. Cho 11,36g hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
phn ng ht vi dd HNO
3
d thu c 1,344 lit kh NO
(kc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dd X. C cn dd X thu c s gam mui khan l
A. 38,72 B. 35,5 C. 49,09 D. 34,36
Dng 3: Kh oxit Fe
2
O
3
thnh hn hp rn X c th gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
d, hn hp rn X
em ho vo HNO
3
d, hoc H
2
SO
4
c nng d hoc hn hp c hai axit ny. Cc biu thc s dng gii
dng bi tp ny l:
m
(Fe2O3)
+ m
(CO)
= m
(X)
+ m
(CO2)
s mol CO
2
= s mol CO
s mol Fe
(Fe2O3)
= s mol Fe
(X)
= s mol Fe
(mui)
tng in t (CO) nhng = tng in t (axit) nhn
1. Cho kh CO i qua m gam oxit Fe
2
O
3
t nng, ta c 13,92 gam hn hp Y (gm 4 cht rn). Hn
hp X ho trong HNO
3
c d c 5,824 lt NO
2
(ktc), Vy m c gi tr l
A. 15,2 g B. 16,0 g C. 16,8 g D. 17,4 g
trang 48
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
2. Cho kh CO i qua ng cha 10 gam Fe
2
O
3
t nng, thu c m gam hn hp X (gm 3 oxit). Hn
hp X em ho trong HNO
3
c nng d nhn c 8,96 lt NO
2
. Vy m c gi tr l:
A. 8,4 g B. 7,2 g C. 6,8 g D. 5,6 g
3. Cho kh CO i qua ng cha m gam oxit Fe
2
O
3
t nng thu c 6,69 gam hn hp X (gm 4 cht
rn), hn hp X ho vo HNO
3
d c 2,24 lt kh Y gm NO v NO
2
, t khi ca Y i vi H
2
bng 21,8.
Vy m gam oxit Fe
2
O
3
l
A. 10,2 g B. 9,6 g C. 8,0 g D. 7,73 g
4. Ly 8 gam oxit Fe
2
O
3
t nng cho CO i qua, ta nhn c m gam hn hp X gm 3 oxit, hn hp X
em ho vo H
2
SO
4
c nng d, nhn c 0,672 lt SO
2
(ktc). Vy m gam X c gi tr l:
A. 8,9 g B. 7,24 g C. 7,52 g D. 8,16 g
5. Cho kh CO i qua Fe
2
O
3
t nng, ta c m gam hn hp rn X gm 4 cht. Hn hp rn X em
ho vo HNO
3
m c nng d, nhn c 2,912 lt NO
2
(ktc) v 24,2 gam Fe(NO
3
)
3
khan. Vy m c gi
tr l
A. 8,36 gam B. 5,68 gam C. 7,24 gam D. 6,96 gam
6. Cho 11,36g hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
phn ng ht vi dd HNO
3
d thu c 1,344 lit kh NO
(kc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dd X. C cn dd X thu c s gam mui khan l
A. 38,72 B. 35,5 C. 49,09 D. 34,36
7. Cho 1 lung kh CO qua m gam bt Fe
2
O
3
nung nng thu c 14g hn hp X gm 4 cht rn. Cho
hn hp X tan hon ton trong dd HNO
3
thu c 2,24 lit kh NO (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,4 B. 14,6 C. 8,2 D. 20,5
8. Kh Fe
2
O
3
bng CO nhit cao thu c hn hp X gm 4 cht rn. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng
nhau. P1 tc dng vi dd HNO
3
d thu c 0,02 mol NO v 0,03 mol N
2
O. P2 tan hon ton trong dd
H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c V lit kh SO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 B. 3,36 C. 4,48 D. 6,72
Dng 4: Hai kim loi vo hai mui
Mt s ch :
S dng cho cc bi ton c phn ng oxi ha kh, c bit l cc bi ton c nhiu cht oxi ha,
nhiu cht kh.
Trong mt phn ng hoc mt h phn ng, cn quan tm n trng thi oxi ha ban u v cui ca
mt nguyn t m khng cn quan tm n cc qu trnh bin i trung gian.
Cn kt hp vi cc phng php khc nh bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn t gii bi ton.
Nu c nhiu cht oxi ha v nhiu cht kh cng tham gia trong bi ton, ta cn tm tng s mol
electron nhn v tng s mol electron nhng thit lp phng trnh.
1. Cho hn hp cha 0,05 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Al tc dng vi 100ml dd Y gm AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
cng nng mol. Sau phn ng c cht rn Z gm 3 kim loi. Cho Z tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c
0,035mol kh. Nng mol mi mui trong Y l
A. 0,3M B. 0,4M C. 0,42M D. 0,45M
2. Ly 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe cho vo 500 mL dung dch Y gm AgNO
3
0,2 M, Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,4 M, sau khi phn ng xong ta nhn c cht rn B v dung dch C khng cn mu xanh ca ion Cu
2+
,
cht rn B khng tan trong axit dd HCl. Vy phn trm theo khi lng Al, Fe trong hn hp X ln lc l:
A. 27,5% v &2,5% B. 27,25% v 72,75%
C. 32,25% v 62,75% D. 32,50% v 67,50%
Bi tp rn luyn k nng
1. Cho kh CO nng qua ng s ng m gam Fe
2
O
3
mt thi gian c 6,72 g hn hp X gm st v cc
oxit st. Ha tan hon ton X vo dd HNO
3
d to thnh 0,448 lit kh NO (kc) (sn phm kh duy nht).
Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,56 B. 6,64 C. 7,2 D. 8,8
2. Trn 0,5g bt Al vi hn hp bt Fe
2
O
3
v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin
khng c khng kh mt thi gian c hn hp rn X. Ha tan X trong dd HNO
3
c nng d th th tch
kh NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht) thu c kc l
trang 49
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. 0,672lit B. 0,896lit C. 1,12lit D. 1,344
3. Ha tan hon ton 11,2g Fe vo dd HNO
3
c dd X v 6,72 lit hn hp kh Y gm NO v 1 kh Z (t
l th tch 1 :1). Bit chr xy ra 2 qu trnh kh. Kh Z l
A. NO
2
B. N
2
O C. N
2
D. NH
3
4. Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi khng kh thu c 3g hn hp rn X gm st v cc oxit st. Ha tan
ht X trong dd HNO
3
d thy thot ra 0,56 lit NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,22 B. 2,32 C. 2,52 D. 2,62
5. m gam phoi Fe ngoi khng kh sau 1 thi gian thu c 12g cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
,
Fe
2
O
3
. Ha tan ht X trong dd H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c 2,24 lit kh SO
2
(kc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,52 B. 9,62 C. 9,42 D. 9,72
6. Cho 11,2g Fe tc dng vi oxi c m gam hn hp X gm cc oxit. Ha tan ht X vo dd HNO
3
d
thu c 896 ml NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,6 B. 47,8 C. 15,04 D. 25,84
7. Ha tan m gam Al vo lng d dd hn hp NaOH v NaNO
3
thy xut hin 6,72 lit hn hp kh
NH
3
v H
2
vi s mol bng nhau. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,75 B. 7,59 C. 8,1 D. 13,5
8. Ha tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO
3
thu c V lit hn hp kh X
(kc) gm NO v NO
2
v dd Y (ch cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H
2
bng 19. Gi tr ca V
l
A. 4,48 B. 5,6 C. 2,24 D. 3,36
9. Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng l 7:3. Ly m gam X phn ng hon ton vi
dd cha 0,7 mol HNO
3
. Sau phn ng cn li 0,75m gam cht rn v c 0,25 mol kh Y gm NO v NO
2
.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 40,5 B. 50,4 C. 50,2 D. 50
10. Hn hp gm 0,15 mol Cu v 0,15 mol Fe phn ng va vi dd HNO
3
thu c 0,2 mol kh NO
(kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Tng khi lng cc mui trong dd sau phn ng l
A. 64,5g B. 40,8g C. 51,6 D. 55,2
11. Ha tan 5,6g hn hp Cu v Fe vo dd HNO
3
1M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c 3,92g
cht rn khng tan v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit trong hn hp ban u Cu chim 60% khi
lng. Th tch dd HNO
3
dng l
A. 0,07 lit B. 0,08 lit C. 0,12 lit D. 0,16 lit
12. Ha tan 14,8 g hn hp Fe v Cu vo lng d dd hn hp HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c nng. Sau phn ng
thu c 10,08 lit NO
2
v 2,24 lit SO
2
(u kc). Khi lng Fe trong hn hp ban u l
A. 5,6g B. 8,4g C. 18g D. 18,2g
13. Cho hn hp cha 0,05 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Al tc dng vi 100ml dd Y gm AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
cng nng mol. Sau phn ng c cht rn Z gm 3 kim loi. Cho Z tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c
0,035mol kh. Nng mol mi mui trong Y l
A. 0,3M B. 0,4M C. 0,42M D. 0,45M
14. Chia 10g hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
P1 : t chy hon ton trong O
2
d thu c 21g hn hp oxit.
P2 : ha tan trong HNO
3
c nng d thu c V lit NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, kc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 44,8 B. 22,4 C. 89,6 D. 30,8
15. Chia hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
P1 tc dng ht vi HCl d thu c 0,15mol H
2
.
trang 50
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
P2 cho tan ht trong dd HNO
3
d thu c V lit NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 B. 3,36 C. 4,48 D. 5,6
trang 51
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Moun 4: PHNG PHP BO TON IN TCH
4.1 L thuyt
Trong phn t cc cht trung ho v in, tng in tch (+) = tng in tch (-)
Trong dung dch cc cht in ly trung ho v in, tng in tch (+) cc cation = tng in tch (-) cc
anion.
Nguyn tc gii
Xem xt trong phn t ca cht gm nhng ion no v s lng ca mi loi ion. Nu l dung dch cht
in ly cng phi xem xt trong dung dch c cha nhng cht in ly no v s cation v s anion c trong
dung dch. t thit lp phng trnh tng in tch dng bng tng in tch m.
Khi c s thay th cc ion th mi quan h gia chng l:
Vi anion: O
2-
2Cl
-
; O
2-
2NO
3
-
; O
2-
SO
4
2-
; 2Cl
-
SO
4
2-

Vi cation: 2Na
+
Mg
2+
; 3Na
+
Al
3+
; 3Mg
2+
2Al
3+

Trong cc phn ng kt hp ion th s kt hp gia 2 ion to thnh phn t trung ha in v vy mi


tng quan gia chng l
H
+
OH
-
; Fe
3+
3OH
-
; Ba
2+
SO
4
2-
; Mg
2+
CO
3
2-
...
4.1. Bi tp c li gii
Bi 1. Chia hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tan ht trong
dung dch HCl, to ra 1,792 lt H
2
(ktc). Phn 2 nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c
2,84 gam cht rn. Khi lng hn hp 2 kim loi trong hn hp u l
A. 2,4 gam B. 3,12 gam C. 2,2 gam D. 1,8 gam
Hng dn gii
Nhn xt: S mol in tch ca hai kim loi A v B trong hai phn l khng thay i, do s mol in
tch m trong hai phn l nh nhau.
V O
2
2Cl

nn n
O (trong oxit)
=
1
2
n
Cl (trong mui)
=
2
H
n
=
1,796
22,4
= 0,08 mol
m
kim loi
= m
oxit
m
oxi
= 2,84 0,08.16 = 1,56 gam
Khi lng trong hn hp ban u m = 2.1,56 = 3,12 gam
p n B.
Bi 2. Dung dch A c cha 5 ion : Mg
2+
, Ba
2+
, Ca
2+
, 0,1 mol Cl

v 0,2 mol NO
3

. Thm dn V lt dung
dch K
2
CO
3
1M vo A n khi c lng kt ta ln nht. V c gi tr l
A. 150 mL B. 300 mL C. 200 mL D. 250 mL
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh ion rt gn
Mg
2+
+ CO
3
2
MgCO
3

Ba
2+
+ CO
3
2
BaCO
3

Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2
CaCO
3

Khi phn ng kt thc, cc kt ta tch khi dung dch, phn dung dch cha K
+
, Cl

v NO
3

. trung
ha in th
n
K+
= n
Cl-
+ n
NO3-
= 0,3 mol
V
ddK2CO3
= 0,3/2 = 0,15 (lt) = 150 ( mL)
p n A.
Bi 3. Dung dch A cha cc ion CO
3
2
, SO
3
2
, SO
4
2
v 0,1 mol HCO
3

, 0,3 mol Na
+
. Thm V (lt) dung
dch Ba(OH)
2
1M vo dung dch A th thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,15 L B. 0,2 L C. 0,25 L D. 0,5 L
Hng dn gii
Nng cc ion [Ba
2+
] = 1M, [OH

] = 2M. thu c lng kt ta ln nht, cn 0,1 mol OH

tc
dng ht vi HCO
3

Tnh theo OH
-
HCO
3

+ OH

CO
3
2
+ H
2
O
Mt khc cn 0,3 mol OH

trung ho Na
+
.
Vy tng s mol OH

cn l 0,1 + 0,3 = 0,4 mol


Th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
l V = 0,4/2 = 0,2 L
Tnh theo Ba
2+
: Gi CO
3
2-
; SO
3
2-
; SO
4
2-
l X
2-
trang 52
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
n
x2-
= (0,3 0,1)/2 = 0,1
nCO
3
2-
(mi) = 0,1
Do : nX
2-
+ nCO
3
2-
(mi) = 0,2
Suy ra: nBa
2+
= 0,2
Th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
l V = 0,2/1 = 0,2 L
p n B.
Bi 4. Cho tan hon ton 15,6 gam hn hp gm Al v Al
2
O
3
trong 500 mL dung dch NaOH 1M thu
c 6,72 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch D. Th tch HCl 2M cn cho vo D thu c lng kt ta ln nht
l
A. 0,175 L B. 0,25 L C. 0,25 L D. 0,52 L
Hng dn gii
Trong dung dch D c cha AlO
2

v OH

(nu d). Dung dch D trung ho v in nn:


2
AlO OH Na
n n n 0,5(mol)
+
+

Khi cho HCl vo D:
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O
H
+
+ AlO
2

+ H
2
O Al(OH)
3

thu c lng kt ta ln nht th
2
H AlO OH
n n n
+
+
= 0,5 (mol)
Th tch dung dch HCl l
0,5
V
2
= 0,25 (lt)
p n B.
Bi 5. Cho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong dung dch HCl 4M thu c 5,6 lt H
2
(ktc)
v dung dch D. kt ta hon ton cc ion trong D cn 300 mL dung dch NaOH 2M. Th tch dung dch
HCl dng l
A. 0,1 L B. 0,12 L C. 0,15 L D. 0,2 L
Hng dn gii
Khi cho 0,6 mol NaOH vo dung dch D cha Mg
2+
, Fe
2+
v H
+
(nu d) tch ra khi dung dch D. Dung
dch to thnh cha Cl

phi trung ho in vi 0,6 mol Na


+
Cl Na
n n 0,6(mol)
+


HCl
0,6
V
4
= 0,15 (lt)
p n C.
Bi 6. Cho 20 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
tan va ht trong 700 mL dung dch HCl 1M
thu c 3,36 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi NaOH d, lc kt ta v nung
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn Y. Khi lng Y l
A. 16 g B. 32 g C. 8 g D. 24 g
Hng dn gii
Cc phn ng
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
FeO + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
O
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HCl 2FeCl
3
+ FeCl
2
+ 4H
2
O
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2FeCl
2
+ 3H
2
O
FeCl
2
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)
2
+ 2NaCl
FeCl
3
+ 3NaOH Fe(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2

0
t

2Fe
2
O
3
+ 4H
2
O
2Fe(OH)
3
+ O
2

0
t

2Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
Vi cch gii thng thng, ta t n s l s mol cc cht ri tnh ton theo phng trnh phn ng.
gii nhanh bi ton ny, ta p dng phng php bo ton in tch.
S mol HCl ho tan Fe l n
HCl
= 2
2
H
3,36
n 2
22,4
= 0,3 (mol)
S mol HCl ho tan cc oxit = 0,7 0,3 = 0,4 (mol)
Theo nh lut bo ton in tch ta c
2
O (trongoxit) Cl
1 0,4
n n
2 2

= 0,2 (mol)
trang 53
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
n
Fe (trong X)
=
oxit oxi
m m 20 0,2.16
56 56

= 0,3 (mol)
0,3 mol Fe 0,15 mol Fe
2
O
3
;
2 3
Fe O
m
= 0,15.160 = 24 (gam)
p n D.
Bi 7. Trn 100 mL dung dch AlCl
3
1M vi 200 mL dung dch NaOH 1,8M thu c kt ta A v dung
dch D.
a. Khi lng kt ta A l
A. 3,12 g B. 6,24 g C. 1,06 g D. 2,08 g
b. Nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch D l
A. NaCl 0,2 M v NaAlO
2
0,6 M B. NaCl 1 M v NaAlO
2
0,2 M
C. NaCl 1 M v NaAlO
2
0,6 M D. NaCl 0,2 M v NaAlO
2
0,4 M
Hng dn gii
Ta c th s dng nh lut bo ton in tch:
3
Al
n
+ = 0,1 mol,
Cl
n
= 3.0,1 = 0,3 mol
Na
n
+ =
OH
n
= 0,2.1,8 = 0,36 mol
Sau khi phn ng kt thc, kt ta tch ra, phn dung dch cha 0,3 mol Cl

trung ho in vi 0,3 mol
Na
+
cn 0,06 mol Na
+
na phi trung ho in vi mt anion khc, ch c th l 0,06 mol AlO
2

(hay
[Al(OH)
4
]

). Cn 0,1 0,06 = 0,04 mol Al


3+
tch ra thnh 0,04 mol Al(OH)
3
. Kt qu trong dung dch cha
0,3 mol NaCl v 0,06 mol NaAlO
2
(hay Na[Al(OH)
4
])
a.
3
Al(OH)
m
= 0,04.78 = 3,12 gam
p n A.
b.C
M(NaCl)
=
0,3
0,3
= 1 M,
2
M(NaAlO )
0,06
C 0,2M
0,3

p n B.
A. Bi tp rn luyn k nng
1. Trong 1 dd c cha a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl
-
, d mol NO
3
-
. Biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d l
A. 2a + 2b = c + d B. a + b = 2c + 2d
C. a + 2b = b + d D. 2a + b = c + 2d
2. Thm m gam kali vo 300 ml dd cha Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dd X. Cho t t dd X
vo 200ml dd Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c kt ta Y ln nht th m c gi tr l
A. 1,59 B. 1,17 C. 1,71 D. 1,95
3. Dung dch A cha cc ion: Al
3+
0,6mol, Fe
2+
0,3mol, Cl
-
a mol, SO42- b mol. C cn dd A thu c
140,7g mui. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l
A. 0,6 v 0,9 B. 0,9 v 0,6 C. 0,3 v 0,5 D. 0,2 v 0,3
4. Ha tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml dd H
2
SO
4
0,1M (va ). Sau
phn ng c cn dd th thu c s gam mui khan l
A. 6,81 B. 4,81 C. 3,81 D. 5,81
5. Dung dch X cha cc ion Ca
2+
, Al
3+
, Cl
-
. kt ta ht ion Cl
-
trong 100ml dd X cn dng 700ml dd
cha ion Ag
+
c nng 1M. C cn dd X thu c 35,55g mui. Nng mol cc cation trong dd ln lt
l
A. 0,4 v 0,3 B. 0,2 v 0,3 C. 1 v 0,5 D. 2 v 1
6. Mt dd cha 0,02 mol Cu
2+
, 0,03 mol K
+
, x mol Cl
-
v y mol SO
4
2-
. Tng khi lng cc mui tan c
trong dd l 5,435g. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l
A. 0,03 v 0,02 B. 0,05 v 0,01 C. 0,01 v 0,03 D. 0,02 v 0,05
7. Chia hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
trang 54
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
- P1 tan ht trong dd HCl to ra 1,792 lit H
2
(kc)
- P2 nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2,84g cht rn. Khi lng hn hp 2 kim
loi ban u l
A. 2,4g B. 3,12g C. 2,2g D. 1,8g
8. Dung dch A cha cc ion Mg
2+
, Ba
2+
, Ca
2+
, 0,1 mol Cl
-
v 0,2 mol NO
3
-. Thm dn V ml dd Na
2
CO
3
1M vo A n khi c lng kt ta ln nht. Gi tr ca V l
A. 150 B. 300 C. 200 D. 250
9. Dung dch A cha cc ion CO
3
2-
, SO
3
2-
, SO
4
2-
, 0,1 mol HCO
3
-
v 0,3 mol Na
+
. Thm V lit dd Ba(OH)2
1M vo dd A n khi thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,15 B. 0,2 C. 0,25 D. 0,5
10. Ha tan hon ton 15,6 g hn hp gm Al v Al
2
O
3
trong 500 ml dd NaOH 1M thu c 6,72 lit H
2
(kc) v dd D. Th tch dd HCl 2M cn cho vo D c kt ta ln nht l
A. 0,175 lit B. 0,25 lit C. 0,255 lit D. 0,52 lit
11. Ha tan hon ton 10g hn hp Mg v Fe trong dd HCl 4M thu c 5,6lit H
2
(kc) v dd D. kt
ta hon ton cc ion trong D cn 300 ml dd NaOH 2M. Th tch dd HCl (lit) dng l
A. 0,1 B. 0,12 C. 0,15 D. 0,2
12. Cho a gam hn hp 2 kim loi Na, K vo nc c dd X v 0,224 lit H
2
(kc). Trung ha ht dd X
cn V lit dd H
2
SO
4
0,1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,15 B. 0,1 C. 0,12 D. 0,2
A. 16g B. 32g C. 8g D. 24g
13. Mt dd cha 2 cation l Fe
2+
0,1 mol, Al
3+
0,2 mol v 2 anion Cl
-
x mol, SO
4
2-
y mol. Khi c cn dd
thu c 46,9g cht rn khan. Gi tr ca x v y l
A. 0,02 V 0,03 B. 0,03 v 0,03 C. 0,2 v 0,3 D. 0,3 v 0,2
14. Cho x gam hn hp kim loi gm Na, K, Ba vo nc d c 500ml dd c pH = 13 v V lit kh
(kc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,56 B. 1,12 C. 2,24 D. 5,6
15. Mt dd cha cc ion: x mol M
3+
, 0,2 mol Mg
2+
, 0,3 mol Cu
2+
, 0,6 mol SO
4
2-
, 0,4mol NO
3
-
. C cn dd
ny thu c 116,8g hn hp cc mui khan. M l
A. Cr B. Fe C. Al D. Zn
16. Cho mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc d thu c dd X v 3,36 lit H
2
(kc). Th tch dd
H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ha dd X l
A. 150ml B. 75ml C. 60ml D. 30ml
17. Trn 100ml dd AlCl
3
1M vi 200ml dd NaOH 1,8M thu c kt ta A v dd D.
a. Khi lng kt ta A l
A. 3,12g B. 6,24g C. 1,06g D. 2,08g
b. Nng mol cc cht trong dd D l
A. NaCl 0,2M v NaAlO
2
0,6M B. NaCl 1M v NaAlO
2
0,2M
C. NaCl 1M v NaAlO
2
0,6M D. NaCl 0,2M v NaAlO
2
0,4M
18. Ly m gam hn hp 2 kim loi M v R c ho tr khng i, chia 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 ho tan
va trong 100 mL H
2
SO
4
1 M. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi Cl
2
d th c 9,5 gam mui clorua. Vy m c
gi tr l
A. 4,8 g B. 11,2 g C. 5,4 g D. 2,4 g
19. Dung dch X gm 0,02 mol Cu
2+
, 0,03 mol K
+
, x mol Cl
-
, y mol SO
4
2-
em c cn nhn c 5,435
gam mui khan. Vy x v y c gi tr l:
trang 55
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. 0,01 v 0,03 B. 0,02 v 0,05 C. 0,05 v 0,01 D. 0,03 v 0,02
20. Dung dch X gm a mol Na
+
, b mol HCO
3
-
, c mol CO
3
2-
, d mol SO
4
2-
. Cn dng 100 mL dung dch
Ba(OH)
2
c nng l x M cho vo dung dch X th c lng kt ta ln nht. Biu thc lin h gia x
vi a, b l:
A. x = (3a + 2b)/0,2 B. x = (2a + b)/0,2 C. x = (a b)/0,2 D. x = (a+b)/0,2
21. Dung dch X gm NaOH 0,2 M v Ba(OH)
2
0,05 M. Dung dch Y gm Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,4 M v H
2
SO
4
x
M. Trn 0,1 L dung dch Y vi 1 L dung dch X c 16,33 gam kt ta. Vy x c gi tr l
A. 0,2 M B. 0,2 M; 0,6M C. 0,2 M; 0,4M D. 0,2 M; 0,5M
M un 5 : PHNG PHP QUY I
I. Khi nim
Quy i l mt phng php bin i ton hc nhm a bi ton ha hc t cc d kin ban u l
mt hn hp phc tp v dng n gin hn, qua cc php tnh tr nn n gin v thun tin hn.
Nguyn tc ca phng php quy i l da trn nguyn tc bo ton nguyn t v bo ton in tch (bo
ton s oxi ha).
II. Phn loi: C nhiu dng quy i khc nhau:
1) Quy i phn t
- Quy i hn hp gm nhiu cht thnh hn hp t cht hn hoc ch c mt cht tng ng
- Quy i mt cht thnh nhiu cht.
2) Quy i thnh nguyn t
L phng php quy i hn hp nhiu cht phc tp thnh cc nguyn t hoc n cht tng ng.
3) Quy i tc nhn oxi ha (hoc kh)
Thay tc nhn oxi ha (hoc kh) ny bng tc nhn oxi ha (hoc kh) khc (quy v s mol electron
trao i nh nhau).
Trong bi vit ny ti xin ch trnh by hai cch quy i l quy i nguyn t v quy i hn hp
nhiu cht thnh hn hp t cht hn (thng l 2 hoc 1 cht tng ng).
III. p dng:
1. Quy i hn hp nhiu cht thnh t cht hn:
Loi ny thng p dng cho cc bi ton hn hp Fe v cc oxit.
y l cch quy i hin nay c p dng rng ri v c a ra cc s bo trc. Vy c s
ca vic quy i ny l g? C phi khi no cng c th a bi ton hn hp ny thnh 2 cht tng
ng khng?
a) C s ca vic quy i:
Ta bit 1 mol Fe
3
O
4
c th a v 1 mol FeO v 1 mol Fe
2
O
3
. Nh vy hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
,
Fe
2
O
3
c th xem l hn hp X ch gm Fe (x mol); FeO (y mol); Fe
2
O
3
(z mol). Khi trong nhiu bi ton
ta c th a v 2 cht bt k trong 3 cht (d nhin cng c th a v Fe
3
O
4
v mt cht cn li )
* a hn hp X v Fe v Fe
2
O
3
ta lm nh sau:
C 3FeO Fe.Fe
2
O
3

1Fe v 1 Fe
2
O
3
. (bo ton Fe v O)
Nh vy y mol FeO tng ng vi
2 3
y y
mol Fe v mol FeO
3 3
Vy hn hp X c th xem l gm +
2 3
y y
(x )mol Fe v (z+ ) mol FeO
3 3
. Nh vy trng hp quy i
ny khng xut hin s m.
* a hn hp X v Fe v FeO ta lm nh sau:
Ghp z mol Fe vi z mol Fe
2
O
3
ta c z mol (Fe.Fe
2
O
3
)

3z mol FeO. Khi s mol Fe cn l (x z)


mol. Khi hn hp X tr thnh hn hp gm: (x z) mol Fe; (y + 3z) mol FeO. Trong trng hp ny nu
x < z th bi ton gii s xut hin s mol Fe m. Vic tnh ton s khng nh hng g v khi lng st
v oxi tnh ton c trong hn hp s b tr cho nhau.
* a v hn hp X v FeO v Fe
2
O
3
ta lm nh sau:
Ghp x mol Fe vi x mol Fe
2
O
3
ta c x mol (Fe.Fe
2
O
3
)

3x mol FeO. Khi s mol Fe


2
O
3
cn l (z
x) mol. Khi hn hp X tr thnh hn hp gm: (y + 3x) mol FeO; (z - x) mol Fe
2
O
3
. Trong trng hp
ny nu x > z th bi ton gii s xut hin s mol Fe
2
O
3
m. Vic tnh ton s khng nh hng g v khi
lng st v oxi tnh ton c trong hn hp s b tr cho nhau.
b) Mt s v d:
trang 56
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
V d 1: Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m gam hn hp cht rn X
gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. Ha tan m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
c nng d thu c
2,24 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,2. B. 10,2. C. 7,2. D. 9,6.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
:
Ha tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
d ta c
Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O

0,1
3
0,1 mol
S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe
2
O
3
l
Fe
8, 4 0,1 0,35
n
56 3 3


2 3
Fe O
0,35
n
3 2

Vy:
2 3
X Fe Fe O
m m m +

X
0,1 0,35
m 56 160
3 3
+
= 11,2 gam

p n A.
Ch : c th kt hp vi bo ton nguyn t gii bi ton ny:
2 3
Fe O Fe u Fe
1 0,35
n (n n )
2 3x2

2 3 2 3
O trong Fe O Fe O
0,35
n 3n 3. 0,175 mol
3x2

m
O
= 0,175.16 = 2,8g
m = m
Fe
+ m
O
= 8,4 + 2,8 = 11,2

p n A.
Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
:
( )
3 3 2 2
3

FeO 4HNO Fe NO NO 2H O
0,1 0,1 mol
+ + +

2 3
Fetrong Fe O
8,4
n 0,1 0,05mol
56

2 3 2 3
Fe O Fetrong Fe O
n n 0,025mol
Do :
2
2 3
FeO Fe O
h X
m m m 0,1.72 0, 025.160 11, 2 gam + +
. (p n A)
Ch : Vn c th quy hn hp X v hai cht (FeO v Fe
3
O
4
) hoc (Fe v FeO), hoc (Fe v Fe
3
O
4
)
nhng vic gii tr nn phc tp hn v khi c 2 cht phn ng vi HNO
3
sinh ra kh NO
2
(khi ta phi
t n s mol mi cht, lp h phng trnh, gii h phng trnh hai n s).
Ngoi ra cng c th quy i hn hp trn v 1 "cht" tng ng.
Quy hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
(Fe
x
O
y
ch l cng thc gi nh)
Fe
x
O
y
+ (6x2y)HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x2y) NO
2
+ (3xy)H
2
O

0,1
3x 2y
mol 0,1 mol.
Fe
8, 4 0,1.x
n
56 3x 2y


x 6
y 7

mol.
Vy cng thc quy i l Fe
6
O
7
(M = 448) v
6 7
Fe O
0,1
n
3 6 2 7


= 0,025 mol.
m
X
= 0,025 448 = 11,2 gam.
Nhn xt: Quy i hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
v hn hp hai cht l FeO, Fe
2
O
3
s tnh ton
n gin nht.
V d 2: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
th cn 0,05 mol H
2
. Mt
khc ha tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trn bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng d th thu c V
ml kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 224. B. 448. C. 336. D. 112.
Hng dn gii
* Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
vi s mol l x, y, ta c:
0
t
2 2
FeO H FeH O
x y
+ +
trang 57
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
0
t
2 3 2 2
Fe O 3H 2Fe 3H O
x3y
+ +
x 3y 0,05
72x 160y 3,04
+

'
+


x 0,02 mol
y 0,01 mol

'

2FeO + 4H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 4H
2
O
0,02 0,01 mol
Vy:
2
SO
V
= 0,01 22,4 = 0,224 lt = 224 ml. (p n A)
* Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
ta c:
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2

o
t

2Fe + 3H
2
O
0,05/3 0,05


Fe
3,04 160.(0,05/ 3) 0,02
n mol
56 3
( )
2 4 2 4 2 2
3

2Fe6H SO Fe SO 3SO 6H O
0,02
0.01 : mol
3
+ + +

* Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht Fe v FeO ta c:


2 2
FeO H FeH O
0,05 0,05 : mol
+ +

Fe
3,04 0,05.72
n 0,01 mol
56


Nh vy:
2
SO FeO Fe
1 3 1 3
n n n 0,05 ( 0,01) 0,01 mol
2 2 2 2
+ +

2
SO
V = 0,01 22,4 = 0,224 lt = 224 ml. (p n A)
Tng t chng ta cng c th quy i mt s hn hp khc v d nh hn hp (Cu, S, Cu
2
S, CuS) hay
hn hp (Fe, S, FeS, FeS
2
) thnh 2 cht bt k trong s cc cht ; Tuy nhin cc hn hp ny nu dng
phng php quy i nguyn t s n gin hn.
1. Quy i hn hp nhiu cht thnh cc nguyn t hoc n cht ring bit:
Cc dng thng gp:
- Hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
c th quy i thnh Fe v O
- Hn hp gm (Fe, Cu, S, Cu
2
S, CuS, FeS, FeS
2
, CuFeS
2
, Cu
2
FeS
2
, ...) c th quy v hn hp ch gm Cu,
Fe v S.
V d 3: Gii VD1 bng cch quy i hn hp X thnh Fe v O (x mol)
Khi : Bo ton nguyn t Fe ta c:
Fe (trong X) Fe ban u
8,4
n n 0,15 mol
56

Cc qu trnh oxi ha - kh xy ra:

Fe Fe 3e
0,15 0,45 mol
+

2
O +2e O
x 2x

5 4
2
N 1e N (NO )
0,1 0,1
+ +
+

p dng bo ton electron ta c: 2x + 0,1 = 0,45

x = 0,175

m
O
= 2,8g
Vy m = 8,4 + 2,8 = 11,2
V d 4: Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp X dng bt gm S, FeS v FeS
2
trong dung dch
HNO
3
c nng d

thu c 0,48 mol NO
2
(l sn phm kh duy nht)

v dung dch Y. Cho dung
dch Y tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d, lc v nung kt ta n khi lng khng i, c m
gam hn hp rn Z. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,650 B. 12,815 C. 17,545 D. 15,145
Gii:
Quy i hn hp trn thnh Fe (x mol) v S (y mol) ta c:
Khi phn ng vi HNO
3
:

Fe Fe 3e
x 3x
+

6

S S 6e
y 6y
+
+

5 4
2
N 1e N (NO )
0,48 0,48
+ +
+

T ta c h phng trnh:
trang 58
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
{
56x 32y 3,76
3x 6y 0,48
+
+
{
x 0,03
y 0,065

Mt khc ta c: Cht rn Z gm Fe
2
O
3
v BaSO
4
nn theo bo ton nguyn t Fe v S ta c:
2 3 4
Fe O Fe BaSO S
1
n n 0,015 mol; n n 0,065 mol
2
. Vy m = 0,015.160 + 0,065.233 = 17,545 (p n C)
Mun 6: PHNG PHP I LNG TRUNG BNH
5.1. i lng trung bnh trong ton v c
Dng khi lng mol trung bnh
M
l khi lng ca 1 mol hn hp.
M
=
2 1
2 2 1 1
n n
M n M n
+
+
vi M
1
<
M
< M
2

Gi tr trung bnh dng bin lun tm ra nguyn t khi hoc phn t khi hay s nguyn t trong
phn t hp cht.
Bi tp minh ha
Bi 1. Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A, B nm k tip nhau trong cng mt nhm A. Ly 6,2 gam X ho
tan hon ton vo nc thu c 2,24 lt hiro(ktc). A, B l
A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs
Hng dn gii
t cng thc chung ca A v B l R
2R + 2H
2
O 2ROH + H
2
0,2 mol ....................................0,1 mol
6,2
M 31
0,2
(g/mol). Vy 2 kim loi l Na (23) v K (39)
p n B.
Bi 2. Ha tan 5,94 gam hn hp hai mui clorua ca hai kim loi A v B (cng thuc nhm IIA) vo
nc c dung dch X. lm kt ta ht ion Cl

trong dung dch X ngi ta cho tc dng vi dung dch


AgNO
3
thu c 17,22 gam kt ta. Cng thc ha hc ca hai mui clorua ln lt l
A. BeCl
2
, MgCl B. MgCl
2
, CaCl
2
C. CaCl
2
, SrCl
2
D. SrCl
2
, BaCl
2
Hng dn gii
t cng thc chung ca hai mui l RCl
2
RCl
2
+ 2AgNO
3
2AgCl + 2RCl
RCl AgCl
1 1 17,22
n n
2 2 143,5
= 0,06 mol
2
RCl
5,94
M 99 R 99 71 28
0,06

Vy 2 kim loi nhm IIA l Mg (24) v Ca (40).
p n B.
Bi 3. Ho tan hon ton 4,68 gam hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip trong nhm
IIA vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lt CO
2
(ktc). Kim loi A v B:
A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Ca v Sr D. Sr v Ba
Hng dn gii
Gi
M
l nguyn t khi trung bnh ca 2 kim loi A v B
3 2 2 2
MCO 2HCl MCl CO H O + + +
0,05 .....................................
1,12
22,4
= 0,05 (mol)
3
4,68
MCO 93,6 M 93,6 60 33,6
0,05

Bin lun: A < 33,6 A l Mg = 24.
B > 33,6 B l Ca = 40.
trang 59
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
p n B.
Bi 4. X v Y l hai nguyn t halogen 2 chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. kt ta ht ion X

,
Y

trong dung dch cha 4,4 gam mui natri ca chng cn 150 mL dung dch AgNO
3
0,4M. X v Y l
A. Flo, clo B. Clo, brom C. Brom, iot D. Khng xc nh
Hng dn gii
S mol AgNO
3
= s mol X

v Y

= 0,4.0,15 = 0,06 (mol)


Khi lng mol trung bnh ca hai mui l
4,4
M 73,33
0,06

X,Y M
= 73,33 23 = 50,33; hai halogen l Clo (35,5) v Brom (80).
p n B.
Bi 5. Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A, B nm k tip nhau trong nhm IA. Ly 7,2 gam X ho tan hon
ton vo nc thu c 4,48 lt hiro ( ktc). A, B l
A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs
Hng dn gii
Dng phng php phn t khi trung bnh
X + H
2
O XOH +
1
2
H
2

2
X H
4,48
n 2n 2 0,4mol
22,4
7,2
M 18
0,4
. Hai kim loi l Li (9)v Na (23)
p n A.
Bi tp rn luyn k nng
1. Cho 1,66g hn hp 2 kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dd HCl d thy
thot ra 0,672 lit H
2
(kc). Hai kim loi l
A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Sr v Ba D. Ca v Sr
2. X l kim loi nhm IIA Cho 1,7 g hn hp gm kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dd HCl sinh
ra 0,672lit H
2
(kc). Mt khc khi cho 1,9g X tc dng vi lng d dd H
2
SO
4
long th th tch kh H
2
sinh
ra cha n 1,12 lit kc. Kim loi X l
A. Ba B. Ca C. Sr D. Mg
3. Trong t nhin, nguyn t Cu c 2 ng v l
63
Cu v
65
Cu. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l
63,54. Thnh phn % tng s nguyn t ca ng v 63Cu l
A. 27% B. 50% C. 54% D. 73%
4. cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dd CuSO
4
. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, lc b phn dd
thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp ban u l
A. 90,27% B. 12,67% C. 85,30% D. 82,20%
5. Ha tan hon ton 4,68g hn hp mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi A, B k tip trong nhm IIA vo dd
HCl thu c 1,12 lit CO
2
(kc). Kim loi A, B l
A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Ca v Sr D. Sr v Ba
6. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B nm k tip nhau trong cng 1 nhm A. Ly 6,2g X ha tan hon
ton vo nc thu c 2,24 lit H2 (kc). A, B l
A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs
7. Ha tan 28,4 g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi nhm IIA bng dd HCl thu c 6,72lit kh
(kc) v 1 dd. Xc nh 2 kim loi nu chng thuc 2 chu k lin tip ?
A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Sr v Ba D. Ca v Sr
trang 60
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
8. Cho 31,84g hn hp 2 mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l 2 halogen thuc 2 chu k kin tip) vo dd AgNO
3
d thu c 57,34g kt ta. 2 mui l
A. NaF, NaCl B.NaCl, NaBr C. NaBr, NaI D. A v C ng
9. X v Y l 2 halogen 2 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. kt ta ht ion X
-
, Y
-
trong dd cha
4,4g mui natri ca chng cn 150ml dd AgNO
3
0,4M. X, Y ln lt l
A. flo, clo B. Clo, brom C. Brom, iot D. Khng xc nh c
10. Ha tan 2,97g hn hp 2 mui CaCO
3
v BaCO
3
bng dd HCl d thu c 0,448 lit CO
2
(kc).
Thnh phn % v s mol CaCO
3
v BaCO
3
trong hn hp ln lt l
A. 60%; 40% B. 50%; 50% C. 70%; 30% D. 30%; 70%
11. Ha tan 16,8g hn hp gm 2 mui cacbonat v sunfit ca cng 1 kim loi kim vo dd HCl d, thu
c 3,36lit hn hp kh (kc). Kim loi kim l
A. Li B. Na C. K D. Rb
12. Cho m gam hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
3
tc dng ht vi dd H
2
SO
4
2M d thu c 2,24 lit hn
hp kh (kc) c t khi i vi H2 l 27. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,6g B. 10g C. 1,16g D. 1g
13. C x mol hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip (hn hp X). X tc dng va vi dd
HCl thu c a gam hn hp mui clorua khan, cn nu cho X tc dng va vi dd H
2
SO
4
th thu c b
gam hn hp mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca x l
A.
25
2 b a
B.
12, 5
b a
C.
12, 5
a b +
D.
25
2 b a +
14. C x mol hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip (hn hp X). X tc dng va vi dd
HCl thu c a gam hn hp mui clorua khan, cn nu X tc dng va vi dd H
2
SO
4
th thu c
1,1807a gam hn hp mui sunfat khan. 2 kim loi l
A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs
15. Cho 1,52g hn hp gm Fe v 1 kim loi X thuc nhm IIA ha tan hon ton trong dd HCl d thy
to ra 0,672lit kh (kc). Mt khc 0,95g kim loi X ni trn khng kh ht 2 gam CuO nhit cao. Kim
loi X l
A. Ca B. Mg C. Ba D. Be
16. Cho m gam hn hp A gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng hon ton vi dd AgNO3. Khi lng kt ta
thu c bng k ln khi lng ca AgNO
3
(nguyn cht) phn ng. Bi ton lun c nghim ng khi k
tha mn iu kin
A. 1,8 < k < 1,9 B. 0,844 < k < 1,106 C. 1,023 < k < 1,189 D. k >0
17. Mt oxit c cng thc X
2
O c tng s cc ht trong phn t l 92. Oxit ny l
A. Na
2
O B. K
2
O C. Cl
2
O D. H
2
O
18. Ho tan 18,4g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi nhm IIA bng dd HCl thu c 4,48 lit kh
(kc). 2 kim loi l (bit chng thuc 2 chu k lin tip)
A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Sr v Ba D. Ca v Sr
19. Ha tan 5,94g hn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi A, B cng nhm IIA vo nc c dd X.
lm kt ta ht ion Cl
-
trong X ngi ta cho dd X tc dng vi dd AgNO3 thu c 17,22g kt ta. Cng
thc 2 mui l
A. BeCl
2
, MgCl
2
B. MgCl
2
, CaCl
2
C. CaCl
2
, SrCl
2
D. SrCl
2
, BaCl
2
5.1.2. i lng trung bnh trong Ton Hu c
trang 61
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Trong ho hu c cc i lng trung bnh bao gm: Khi lng mol trung bnh, s nguyn t cacbon
trung bnh, gc hyrocacbon trung bnh, s nguyn t hiro trung bnh, s nhm chc trung bnh, s lin
kt trung bnh.
1: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H
2
l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1
mol X, tng khi lng ca CO
2
v H
2
O thu c l:
A. 20,40 gam B. 18,60 gam C. 18,96 gam D. 16,80 gam
2: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y l ng ng k tip ca nhau, thu c
0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,425 mol H
2
O. Mt khc cho 0,25 mol hn hp M tc dng vi Na (d) thu c cha n
0,15 mol H
2
. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l:
A. C
2
H
6
O
2
v C
3
H
8
O
2
B. C
2
H
6
O v CH
4
O
C. C
3
H
6
O v C
4
H
8
O D. C
2
H
6
O v C
3
H
8
O
3: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH
3
COOH (t l mol 1::1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng
vi 5,75 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut cc phn ng este
ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,12 B. 6,48 C. 8,10 D. 16,20
4: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ru (ancol) no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng
vi CuO d, nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H
2
l
13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d Ag
2
O (hoc AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
nung nng,
sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 7,8 B. 8,8 C. 7,4 D. 9,2
5: un nng hn hp gm hai ru (ancol) n chc, mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vi
H
2
SO
4
dc 140
0
C. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 6 gam hn hp gm 3 este v 1,8 gam nc.
Cng thc phn t ca hai ru trn l:
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
C. C
3
H
5
OH v C
4
H
7
OH D. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH
6: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi trong khng kh
(trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Th tch
khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l:
A. 70,0 lt B. 78,4 lt C. 84,0 lt D. 56,0 lt
7: Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glierol (glixerin) v hai loi axit bo. Hai
loi axit bo l:
A. C
15
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH B. C
17
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
33
COOH
C. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH D. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH
8: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm hai hyrocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung
dch Br
2
0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br
2
gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7
gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hyrocacbon l:
A. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
6
B. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
C. C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
8
D. C
2
H
2
v C
3
H
8
9: Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
7
NO
2
tc dng va vi dung
dch NaOH v un nng, thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh
giy qu m). T khi hi Z i vi H
2
bng 13,75. C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l:
A. 16,5 gam B. 14,3 gam C. 8,9 gam D. 15,7 gam
10: t chy hon ton hn hp A gm hai hirocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, thu c
20,16 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 20,7 gam H
2
O. Cng thc phn t hai cht trong hn hp A l:
A. CH
4
, C
2
H
6
B. C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
C. C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6
D. C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
11: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O. Tnh % khi lng
ca C
2
H
2
c trong hn hp X.
A. 30,95% B. 69,05% C. 35,09% D. 65,27%
12: t chy hon ton hn hp hai amin n chc no mch h ng ng k tip bng oxi, thu c
16,72 gam CO
2
v 2,8 lt kh nit (ktc). Cng thc hai amin l:
A. C
2
H
5
NH
2
, C
3
H
7
NH
2
B. CH
3
NH
2
, C
2
H
5
NH
2
C. C
3
H
9
N, C
4
H
11
N D. C
4
H
11
N, C
5
H
13
N
13: Ly 2,87 gam hn hp A gm hai anehit, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng acrolein, tc dng hon
ton vi lng d bc natri trong amoniac.Lng kim loi bc thu c nu em ho tan ht trong dung
dch HNO
3
long th thu c 672 ml kh NO (ktc). Cng thc hai cht trong hn hp A l:
A. C
4
H
7
CHO, C
5
H
9
CHO B. C
2
H
3
CHO, C
3
H
5
CHO
trang 62
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
C. C
3
H
5
CHO, C
4
H
7
CHO D. C
5
H
9
CHO, C
6
H
11
CHO
14: t chy hon ton 0,12 mol hn hp X gm hai cht hu c A v B khc dy ng ng, trong
A hn B mt nguyn t C, ngi ta thu c H
2
O v 9,24 gam CO
2
. S mol mi cht A, B ln lt l:
A. 0,02 mol v 0,06 mol B. 0,06 mol v 0,02 mol
C. 0,09 mol v 0,03 mol D. 0,03 mol v 0,09 mol
15: Cho Na tc dng vi 1,06 gam hn hp 2 ancol ng ng lin tip ca ru metylic thy thot ra
224 ml H
2
(ktc). Cng thc ca ancol l:
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
C. C
4
H
9
OH v C
5
H
11
OH D. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH
16: t chy mt hn hp gm 2 hirocacbob ng ng k tip thu cV
CO2
: V
H2O
= 12: 23. Cng
thc phn t v % v s mol ca hirocacbon l:
A. CH
4
: 10% v C
2
H
6
: 90% B. CH
4
: 90% v C
2
H
6
: 10%
C. CH
4
: 50% v C
2
H
6: 50%
D. CH
4
: 70% v C
2
H
6
: 30%
17: T khi ca hn hp A gm metan v etan so vi kh l 0,6. t chy hon ton 3,48 gam hn hp A
ri dn sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 22 gam B. 20 gam C. 11 gam D. 110 gam
18: Cho 8 gam hn hp 2 anehit mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng ngca anehit fomic tc dng
vi dung dch Ag
2
O trong NH
3
d thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit l:
A. HCHO v CH
3
CHO B. CH
3
CHO v C
2
H
5
CHO
C. C
2
H
5
CHO v C
3
H
7
CHO D. C
2
H
3
CHO v C
3
H
5
CHO
19: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp 2 ankan X, Y (x km Y k nguyn t C) th thu c b gam kh
CO
2
. Khong xc nh ca s nguyn t C trong phn t X theo a,b,k l:
A.
b a
b
n
b a
b a k b
7 22 7 22
) 7 22 .(

< <


B.
b a
b
n
b a
b a k b
7 22 7 22
) 7 22 (
+
< <
+

C. n = 1,5a = 2,5b k D. 1,5a 2 < n < b+8
20: t chy hon ton 0,25 mol hn hp hai este no mch h, n chc l ng ng lin tip, thu c
19,712 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). X phng ho cng lng este trn bng dung dch NaOH to ra 17 gam mui duy
nht. Cng thc ca 2 este l:
A. HCOOHC
2
H
5
v HCOOC
3
H
7
B. CH
3
COOCH
3
v

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
C. HCOOC
3
H
7
v HCOOC
4
H
9
D. HCOOC
3
H
7
v CH
3
COOCH
3
trang 63
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Moun 7: PHNG PHP NG CHO
6.1. L thuyt
c s dng trong cc bi ton trn ln dung dch c cng cht tan, cng loi nng hoc trn ln
cc cht kh khng tc dng vi nhau hoc l trn cc dung dch cc cht khc nhau m gia chng khng
xy ra phn ng.
Cc cht cng nng C%
1 1 2 1
1 2 1
2 1
2 2 1
m C C C
m C C
C
m C C
m C C C

K K K
K K K
m
1
l khi lng dung dch c nng C
1
(%)
m
2
l khi lng dung dch c nng C
2
(%)
C (%) l nng dung dch thu c sau khi trn ln.
Vi C
1
< C < C
2
Cc cht cng nng mol
1 M(1) M(2) M
M(2) M
1
M
2 M M(1)
2 M(2) M M(1)
V C C C
C C
V
C
V C C
V C C C

K K K
K K K

V
1
l th tch dung dch c nng C
M(1)

V
2
l th tch dung dch c nng C
M(2)

C
M
l nng mol dung dch thu c sau khi trn ln.
Vi C
M(1)
< C
M
< C
M(2)
Cc cht kh khng tc dng vi nhau
1 1 2
1 2
2 1
2 2 1
V M M M
V M M
M
V M M
V M M M

K K K
K K K
Trong :
V
1
l th tch cht kh c phn t khi M
1
V
2
l th tch cht kh c phn t khi M
2
M
l khi lng mol trung bnh thu c sau khi trn ln.
Vi M
1
<
M
< M
2
Bi tp minh ha
Bi 1. Mt dung dch HCl nng 45% v mt dung dch HCl khc c nng 15%. c mt dung
dch mi c nng 20% th cn phi pha ch v khi lng gia 2 dung dch theo t l l
A. 1 : 3 B. 3 : 1 C. 1 : 5 D. 5 : 1
Hng dn gii
p dng qui tc ng cho ta c
1
1
2
2
m 45 20 15
m 5 1
20
m 25 5
m 15 45 20

K K K
K K K

trang 64
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
p n C.
Bi 2. iu ch c hn hp 26 lt H
2
v CO c t khi hi i vi metan bng 1,5 th th tch H
2
v
CO cn ly l
A. 4 L v 22 L B. 22 L v 4 L C. 8 L v 44 L D. 44 L v 8 L
Hng dn gii
p dng qui tc ng cho
2
2
H
H
CO
CO
V 2 4
V
4
24
V 22
V 28 22

K K K
K K K
Mt khc
2
H
V
+ V
CO
= 26
Vy cn 4 lt H
2
v 22 lt CO.
p n A.
Bi 3. Khi lng dung dch NaCl 15% cn trn vi 200 gam dung dch NaCl 30% thu c dung
dch NaCl 20% l
A. 250 g B. 300 g C. 350 g D. 400 g
Hng dn gii
Dng phng php ng cho
m 15 10
m 10
20 m 400
200 5
200 30 5

K K K
K K K
Nh vy khi lng Na Cl 15 % cn trn l 400 gam.
p n D.
Bi 4. Th tch H
2
O v dung dch MgSO
4
2M cn pha c 100 ml dung dch MgSO
4
0,4M ln lt
l
A. 50 ml v 50 ml B. 40 ml v 60 ml
C. 80 ml v 20 ml D. 20 ml v 80 ml
Hng dn gii
Gi V l th tch H
2
O cn cho vo;
Khi , th tch dung dch MgSO
4
2 M l 100 V.
V 0 1,6
V 1,6
0,4 V 80
100 V 0,4
100 V 2 0,4

K K K
K
Vy pha 80 ml H
2
O vi 20 ml dung dch MgSO
4
2M th thu c 100 ml dung dch MgSO
4
0,4 M.
p n C.
Bi 5. Ha tan 4,59 gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c hn hp kh NO v N
2
O c t khi hi i
vi hiro bng 16,75. Th tch NO v N O (ktc) thu c l
A. 2,24 L v 6,72 L B. 2,016 L v 0,672
C. 0,672 L v 2,016 L D. 1,972 L v 0,448 L
Hng dn gii
S dng phng php bo ton electron
Al l cht kh
Al Al
3+
+ 3e

4,59
0,17
27
0,51 mol
Cht oxi ho
trang 65
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
(NO)
3x.................................x
2N
+5
+ 2.4e 2N
+1
(N
2
O)
3x.........................2y.......y
Theo phng php ng cho
x 30 10,5
x 10,5 3
33,5
y 3,5 1
y 44 3,5

K K K
K K K
3x 8y 0,51 x 0,09
x 3y y 0,03
+

' '


V
NO
= 2,016 (lt);
2
N O
V
= 0,671 (lt)
p n B.
Bi 6. Mt dung dch NaOH nng 2 M v mt dung dch NaOH khc c nng 0,5 M. c mt
dung dch mi c nng 1 M th cn phi pha ch v th tch gia 2 dung dch theo t l l
A. 1 : 2 B. 2 : 1 C. 1 : 3 D. 3 : 1
Hng dn gii
Dng phng php ng cho, gi V
1
l th tch ca dung dch NaOH 2 M, V
2
l th tch ca dung
dch NaOH 0,5 M.
1
1
2
2
V 2 0,5
V 0,5 1
1
V 1 2
V 0,5 1

K K K
K K K
p n A.
Bi 7. Hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr. Cho hn hp tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
d th to ra kt ta c
khi lng bng khi lng ca AgNO
3
tham gia phn ng. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca NaCl
trong hn hp u l
A. 25,84% B. 27,84% C. 40,45% D. 27,48%
Hng dn gii.
NaCl + AgNO
3
AgCl + NaNO
3
(1)
NaBr + AgNO
3
AgBr + NaNO
3
(2)
Khi lng kt ta (gm AgCl v AgBr) bng khi lng AgNO
3
, do khi lng mol trung bnh
ca hai mui kt ta
3
AgCl AgBr AgNO M M 170 +
v
Cl ,Br M

= 170 108 = 62. Hay khi lng mol trung
bnh ca hai mui ban u
NaCl,NaBr M
= 23 + 62 = 85
p dng phng php ng cho, ta c
NaBr 103 26,5
85
NaCl 58,5 18
K K K
K K K
NaCl
NaBr NaCl
m 18.58,5
100% 27,84%
m m (26,5.103) (18.58,5)

+ +
p n B.
Bi 8. Cho hn hp gm N
2
, H
2
v NH
3
c t khi so vi hiro l 8. Dn hn hp i qua dung dch
H
2
SO
4
c, d th th tch kh cn li mt na. Thnh phn phn trm (%) theo th tch ca mi kh trong
hn hp ln lt l
A. 25% N
2
, 25% H
2
v 50% NH
3
. B. 25% NH
3
, 25% H
2
v 50% N
2
.
C. 25% N2, 25% NH3 v 50% H2. D. 15% N2, 35% H2 v 50% NH3
Hng dn gii
Khi i qua dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, d ton b NH
3
b hp th, do thnh phn ca NH
3
l 50%.
p dng phng php ng cho,
M
hn hp ban u
= 8.2 = 16 ta c:
trang 66
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
3
2 2
NH 17 16 M
16 M 1
16 M 15
1 1
N H M 1


+
K K K
K
M
= 15 l khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp ca N
2
v H
2
. Tip tc p dng phng php
ng cho ta c:
2
2
2 2
2
2
N 28 13
N 1
15 %N %H 25%
H 1
H 2 13

K K K
K K K

p n A.
Bi tp rn luyn k nng
1. Mt dd HCl nng 35% v 1 dd HCl khc c nng 15%. thu c dd mi c nng 20% th
cn phi pha ch 2 dd ny theo t l khi lng l
A. 1:3 B. 3:1 C. 1:5 D. 5:1
2. iu ch c 26 lit H
2
v CO c t khi hi i vi metan bng 1,5 th th tch H
2
v CO cn ly
ln lt l
A. 4 v 22 lit B. 22 v 4 lit C. 8 v 44 lit D. 44 v 8lit
3. Khi lng dd NaCl 15% cn trn vi 200g dd NaCl 30% thu c dd NaCl 20% l
A. 250g B. 300g C. 350g D. 400g
4. Th tch nc v dd MgSO
4
2M cn pha c 100ml dd MgSO
4
0,4M ln lt l
A. 50 v 50ml B. 40 v 60ml C. 80 v 20 ml D. 20 v 80ml
5. A l khong vt cuprit cha 45% Cu
2
O. B l khong vt tenorit cha 70% CuO. Cn trn A v B theo
t l khi lng T = m
A
/m
B
no c qung C m t 1 tn qung C c th iu ch c ti a 0,5 tn
ng nguyn cht ?
A. 5/3 B. 5.4 C. 4/5 D. 3/5
6. Mt dd NaOH nng 2M v mt dd NaOH khc nng 0,5M. c dd mi nng 1M th cn
phi pha ch v th tch gia 2 dd theo t l l
A. 1 :2 B. 2 :1 C. 1 :3 D. 3 :1
7. Cho hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng vi dd AgNO
3
d to ra kt ta c khi lng bng khi
lng ca AgNO
3
phn ng. Thnh phn % theo khi lng NaCl trong hn hp u l
A. 25,84% B. 27,84% C. 40,45% D. 27,48%
Moun 8: PHNG PHP TH
7.1. L thuyt:
S dng th trong ton hc tnh ton kt qu trong cc bi ton ha hc thay cho vic gii
phng trnh. Phng php ny thng c gii cc dng bi tp:
- Sc kh CO
2
hoc SO
2
hoc cho P
2
O
5
vo cc dung dch kim.
- Cho H
+
vo dung dch Al(OH)
4
-
(AlO
2
-
); Zn(OH)
4
2-
( ZnO
2
2-
) ...
- Cho OH
-
vo dung dch H
3
PO
4
; hoc dung dch Al
3+
, Zn
2+
....
7.2. Mt s dng c bn:
Dng 1: Sc t t kh CO
2
vo a mol dung dch Ca(OH)
2
cho n d, cc phn ng ln lt xy
ra l:
trang 67
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O Ca(HCO
3
)
2
- Gi x l s mol CO
2
sc vo, y l s mol CaCO
3
to ra.
Ta c s ph thuc ca y vo x nh sau:
x 0 x a
y = -x + 2a a x 2a
0 x 2a
th biu din:

3
( )
CaCO
y n
a
.....
A
B
2
( )
CO
x n

0 a 2a
Theo th ta thy: nu y = b vi 0 < b < a s c hai gi tr tng ng ca x l b, b

.
Vi:

'
2
b b
a
+


Do :
+ Khi sc V lt kh CO
2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
cha a mol Ca(OH)
2
thu c b mol kt ta vi 0
< b < a th lng CO
2
sc vo c 2 gi tr l b v b

vi b

= 2ab.
+ Khi sc V lt kh CO
2
bin thin trong khong: b x c vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
c cha a mol
Ca(OH)
2
. tm lng kt ta CaCO
3
ln nht, nh nht ta cn xt hm y = f(x) vi cc trng
hp sau:
* Nu b < c < a: y
min
= b (mol)
y
max
= c (mol)
* Nu a < b < c 2a y = -x + 2a. Khi : y
min
= -c + 2a (mol)
y
max
= -b + 2a (mol)
* Nu b < a < c 2a th: y
max
= a (mol). Mun tm y
min
ta phi tnh:
y
1
= x = b(mol) v y
2
= -x + 2a = -c + 2a (mol), sau so snh ri chn kt qu b nht.
trang 68
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1: Sc t t V (lt) kh CO
2
iu kin tiu chun vo 1 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,2M th
thu c 10 gam kt ta. V c gi tr ln nht l:
A. 2,24 (l) B. 4,48 (l) C. 6,72 (l) D. 11,2 (l)
Bi gii:
Theo ta c:

2
3
( )
n 0, 2.1 0, 2( )
10
0,1( )
100
Ca OH
CaCO
x mol
n y mol


Nn y = x x 0,2
-x + 2.0,2 0,2 x 0,4
Do c 2 gi tr ca x l:
y = x = 0,1 x = 0,1 mol
y = -x + 0,4 x = 0,3 mol
Vy th tch CO
2
ln nht l: 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l).
- p n: C
Bi tp 2: Sc kh CO
2
c s mol bin thin trong khong 0,1 n
CO2
0,18 vo 1,5 lt dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
0,1M. Lng kt ta ln nht thu c l:
A. 10 gam B. 15 gam C. 20 gam D. 25 gam
Bi gii:
Theo ta c:

2
( )
n 1, 5.0,1 0,15( )
Ca OH
mol
Mt khc:

2
CO
0,1 n 0,18
Nn s mol kt ta ln nht l: y
max
= 0,15 (mol)
Vy khi lng kt ta CaCO
3
ln nht l: 0,15.100 = 15 (gam).
- p n: B
trang 69
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 3: Nhit phn hon ton 20 gam mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr II thu c cht rn A
v kh B. Sc ton b kh B vo 150ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M thu c 19,7g kt ta. Khi
lng A v cng thc ca mui cacbonat l:
A. 11,2g v CaCO
3
B. 12,2g v MgCO
3
C. 12,2g v CaCO
3
D. 11,2g v MgCO
3
Bi gii:
- Gi cng thc mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr II l: MCO
3
: x mol.
MCO
3
MO

+ CO
2
x mol x mol x mol
- Theo ta c:

2
3
( )
n 0,15.1 0,15( )
19, 7
0,1( )
197
Ba OH
BaCO
a mol
n y mol


- Ta c hm s: y = x 0 < x 0,15
-x + 2a 0,15 x 0,3
- Do y # a nn c 2 gi tr ca x:
+ Khi x = y = 0,1 (mol)

3
20
M 200 200 60 140
0,1
MCO M
M
khng c kim loi no ph hp.
+ Khi y = -x + 2.0,15 = 0,1 x = 0,2 mol

3
20
M 100 100 60 40
0, 2
MCO M
M
M l Ca.
- Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:

3 2
20 0, 2.44 11, 2( ).
MCO A CO A
m m m m g +
Vy: m
A
= 11,2g v CT mui cacbonat l CaCO
3
.
- p n: A
Dng 2: Rt t t dung dch c cha ion OH
-
vo dung dch c cha a mol Al
3+
, cc phn ng ha
hc ln lt xy ra l:
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
AlO
2
-
+ 2H
2
O
trang 70
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
- Gi x l s mol OH
-
, y l s mol Al(OH)
3
.

0 x 3a
3
x

Ta c: y = -x + 4a 3a x 4a
0 x 4a
- th biu din :

3
( )
( )
Al OH
y n
a
...
A



B


( )
OH
x n

0 3a 4a
Theo th ta thy: nu y = b vi 0 < b < a s c hai gi tr tng ng ca x l b, b

.
Vi:

'
2, 5
2
b b
a
+

Do :
+ Khi cho dung dch cha OH
-
vo dung dch cha a mol Al
3+
thu c b mol kt ta vi 0 <
b < a th lng OH
-
cho vo c 2 gi tr l b v b

vi b

= 5a b.
+ Khi cho dung dch cha OH
-

bin thin trong khong: b x c vo dung dch

c cha a mol
Al
3+
. tm lng kt ta Al(OH)
3
ln nht, nh nht ta cn xt hm y = f(x) vi cc trng hp
sau:
* Nu b < c < 3a: y
min
= b (mol)
y
max
= c (mol)
* Nu 3a < b < c 4a y = -x + 4a. Khi : y
min
= -c + 4a (mol)
y
max
= -b + 4a (mol)
* Nu b < 3a < c 4a th: y
max
= a (mol). Mun tm y
min
ta phi tnh: y
1
= x = b(mol) v y
2
= -x + 4a = -c + 4a (mol), sau so snh ri chn kt qu b nht.
Bi tp minh ha:
trang 71
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp 1: Cho 100ml dung dch NaOH tc dng vi 200ml dung dch AlCl
3
0,2M thu c kt
ta A. Sy kh v em nung A n khi lng khng i thu c 1,53 gam cht rn. Nng
mol/l ca dung dch NaOH dng l:
A. 0,9M ; 0,5M B. 1,0M ; 0,9M
C. 1,3M ; 0,5M D. 0,9M ; 1,3M
Bi gii:
- Gi x l s mol NaOH v y l s mol Al(OH)
3
.
- Theo ta c:

3
0, 2.0, 2 0, 04( )
AlCl
n mol
- Cht rn thu c chnh l Al
2
O
3
vi s mol l:

2 3 3 2 3
( )
1, 53
0, 015( ) 2 2.0, 015 0, 03( )
102

Al O Al OH Al O
n mol n n mol
- Ta c hm s: y = x/3 0 < x 0,12
-x + 0,16 0,12 x 0,16
- Do

3 3
( ) Al OH AlCl
n n

nn c 2 gi tr s mol NaOH:
n
NaOH
= 0,09 mol C
M NaOH
= 0,9M
n
NaOH
= 0,13 mol C
M NaOH
= 1,3M
- p n: D
Bi tp 2: Cho 200ml dung dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c
15,6 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V l:
A. 1,2 (l) B. 1,8 (l) C. 2,0 (l) D. 2,4 (l)
Bi gii:
- Theo ta c:

3
3
( )
0, 2.1, 5 0, 3( )
15, 6
0, 2( )
78
AlCl
Al OH
n mol
n mol


- Ta c hm s: y = x/3 0 < x 0,9
-x + 4.0,3 0,9 x 1,2
c 2 gi tr s mol ca NaOH:
x = 0,06 mol V
NaOH
= 1,2 (lt)
x = 1 mol V
NaOH
= 2 (lt)
- p n: C
trang 72
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Dng 3: Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch cha a mol NaAlO
2
cho n d, cc phn ng
ln lt xy ra:
HCl + NaAlO
2
+ H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ NaCl (1)
3HCl + Al(OH)
3
AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O (2)
- Gi x l s mol H
+
thm vo k t khi khi u phn ng (1). y l s mol Al(OH)
3
ta c:
x 0 x a
y =

4
a x 4a
3 3
x a
+
0 x 4a
trang 73
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
th:

3
( )
( )
Al OH
y n

a ..


( )
H
x n
+
0 a 4a
- T th ta thy: ng vi 1 gi tr kt ta y = f(x ) a th ta lun c hai gi tr ca HCl.
Cc dng bi xt tng t nh khi sc kh CO
2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
Bi tp minh ha:
Bi tp 1: Cn t nht bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 1M khi tc dng vi 500ml dung dch
NaAlO
2
0,1M s thu c 0,78g kt ta?
A. 10ml B. 15ml C.17ml D. 20ml
Bi gii:
Ta c:

2
2
3
aA
( )
0,1.0, 5 0, 05( ) 0, 05( )
0, 78
0, 01( )
78
N lO
AlO
Al OH
n mol n mol a
n mol y




Gi n
HCl
= x (mol)
x 0 x 0,05
Theo hm s: y =

0, 05
4. 0, 05 x 4.0, 05
3 3
x
+
Do

3
2
( ) Al OH
AlO
n n


nn s mol dd HCl c 2 gi tr:
+ Khi: x = y = 0,01 (mol) n
HCl
= 0,01 ( mol)

HCl
0, 01
V 0, 01 lit 10
1
ml


+ Khi

( )
0, 05
y 4. 0, 01 x 0,17 mol
3 3
x
+
V
HCl
= 0,17 (l) = 170 (ml).
- So snh 2 kt qu trn ta c: th tch dung dch HCl nh nht l: V = 10ml.
trang 74
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
- p n: A
Bi tp 2: Cho p mol dung dch NaAlO
2
tc dng vi q mol dung dch HCl. thu c kt ta
sau phn ng th t l p : q l:
A. p : q = 1 : 5 B. p : q = 1 : 4 C. p : q > 1 : 4 D. p : q < 1 : 4
Bi gii:
- Gi y l s mol HCl.
- Ta c hm s: y = q 0 x p

4
p x 4p
3 3
q p
+
- thu c kt ta sau phn ng th y > 0 nn:
p > 0

4
0 p : q 1 : 4
3 3
q p
+ > <

- p n: D
Dng 4: Cho t t dung dch cha ion OH
-
vo dung dch cha a mol Zn
2+
cho n d, cc phn
ng ln lt xy ra l:
Zn
2+
+ 2OH
-
Zn(OH)
2
(1)
Zn(OH)
2
+ 2OH
-
ZnO
2
-
+ H
2
O (2)
- Gi x l s mol ion OH
-
, y l s mol Zn(OH)
2
.
- Ta c:

0 x 2a
2
x


y =

2a 2a x 4a
2
x
+
0 x 4a
- th biu din:
trang 75
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011

2
( )
y(n )
Zn OH
a
...
A

B

( )
OH
x n

0 2a 4a
- Xt tng t nh trng hp cho t t dung dch cha ion OH
-
vo dung dch cha a mol Al
3+
.
Bi tp minh ha:
Bi tp 1: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M tc dng vi 200ml dung dch ZnCl
2
0,1M thu c
1,485g kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V l:
A. 0,3 (l) B. 0,5 (l) C. 0,7 (l) D. 0,9 (l)
Bi gii:
- Theo ta c:
2
2
0, 2.0,1 0, 02( )
ZnCl
Zn
n n mol
+

- Kt ta thu c chnh l Zn(OH)
2
vi s mol l:

2
( )
1, 485
0, 015( )
99
Zn OH
n mol
- Phn ng ha hc xy ra theo th t:
Zn
2+
+ 2OH
-
Zn(OH)
2
Zn(OH)
2
+ 2OH
-
ZnO
2
2-
+ 2H
2
O
- Ta c hm s: y = x/2 0 x 0,04
x/2 + 2a 0,04 x 0,08
- Do

2
2
( ) Zn OH
Zn
n n
+
< nn c 2 gi tr s mol ca dung dch NaOH

0, 015
2
0, 04
2

'

x
y
x
y
0, 03
0, 05

'

x
x
th tch dung dch NaOH ln nht l:
trang 76
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011

0, 05
0, 5( )
0,1
V l
- p n: B
Bi tp 2: Cho dung dch NaOH c s mol bin thin trong khong:0,12 n
NaOH
0,18 mol tc
dng vi 100ml dung dch Zn(NO
3
)
2
0,5M. Khi lng kt ta ln nht v nh nht thu c
ln lt l:
A. 7,29g v 1,89g B. 7,92g v 1,89g
C. 7,29g v 1,98g D. 7,92g v 1,98g
Bi gii:
- Gi s mol NaOH l x mol, s mol Zn(OH)
2
l y mol.
- Ta c:

3 2
( )
0,1.0, 5 0, 05( ) ( )
Zn NO
n mol a mol
- Do s mol NaOH bin thin trong khong t 2a = 0,1 < 0,12 n
NaOH
0,18 < 4a = 0,2 nn ta
c s mol kt ta Zn(OH)
2
ln nht v nh nht l:
y
min
= -c + 4a = -0,18 + 0,2 = 0,02 (mol)
y
max
= -b + 4a = -0,12 + 0,2 = 0,08 (mol)
Khi lng kt ta ln nht v nh nht thu c ln lt l:
m
min
= 0,02.99 = 1,98 (gam)
m
max
= 0,08.99 = 7,92 (gam)
- p n: D
7.2. Bi tp rn luyn k nng:
trang 77
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
DNG 1: BI TP:
- Sc kh CO
2
hoc SO
2
hoc cho P
2
O
5
vo cc dung dch kim.
- Cho H
+
vo dung dch Al(OH)
4
-
(AlO
2
-
); Zn(OH)
4
2-
( ZnO
2
2-
) ...
- Cho OH
-
vo dung dch H
3
PO
4
; hoc dung dch Al
3+
, Zn
2+
....
1. Cho 10 lit (kc) hn hp A gm N
2
v CO
2
vo 2 lit dd Ca(OH)
2
0,02M thu c 1g kt ta. % theo
th tch ca CO
2
trong hn hp A l
A. 2,24%; 15,86% B.2,4%; 15,86% C.2,24%; 15,68% D. 2,24%; 15,6%
2. Rt t dd HCl 0,2M vo 100 ml dd NaAlO
2
1M thu c 5,46g kt ta. Th tch dd HCl (lit) dng
l
A. 0,35; 0,95 B. 0,35; 0,9 C. 0,7; 0,19 D. 0,45; 0,95
3. Ha tan 26,64g Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.18H
2
O vo nc c dd A. Cho 250 ml dd KOH tc dng ht vi A thu
c 2,34g kt ta. Nng dd KOH l
A. 0,36M B. 0,36M v 1,16M C. 1,6M D. 0,36M v 1,6M
4. Dn V lit kh CO
2
(kc) vo 300 ml dd Ca(OH)
2
0,5M. Sau phn ng thu c 10g kt ta. Gi tr ca
V l
A. 2,24 B. 3,36 C. 4,48 D. c A v C ng
5. Rt t dd Ba(OH)
2
0,2M vo 150 ml dd AlCl
3
0,04M n khi thu c lng kt ta ln nht, nh
nht. Th tch dd Ba(OH)
2
dng tng ng l
A. 45 v 60ml B. 15 v 45ml C. 90 v 120ml D. 45 v 90ml
6. Rt t t dd HCl 0,1M vo 200ml dd KAlO
2
0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c 1,56g kt ta. Th tch dd
HCl dng l
A. 0,2 v 1 lit B. 0,4 v 1 lit C. 0,2 v 0,8 lit D. 0,4 v 1,2 lit
7. Cho m gam Na tan ht trong 100 ml dd Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c 0,78g kt ta. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 0,69 B. 3,45 C. 1,69 D. A v B ng
8. Trong bnh kn cha y 15 lit dd Ca(OH)
2
0,01M. Sc vo bnh lng CO
2
c gi tr bin thin trong
khong 0,02 n 0,12 mol. Khi lng kt ta bin thin trong khong
A. 0 n 15g B. 2 n 12g C. 2 n 15g D. 12 n 15g
9. Sc V lit kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 1,5 lit dd Ba(OH)
2
0,1M thu c 19,7g kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 5,6 B. 2,24 C. 3,36 D. 4,48
10. Dung dch X gm KOH 1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,75M. Cho t dd X vo 100ml dd Zn(NO
3
)
2
1M, thy cn
dng t nht V ml dd X th khng cn kt ta. V c gi tr l
A. 120 B. 160 C. 140 D. 180
11. Mt dd cha x mol KAlO
2
tc dng vi dd cha y mol HCl. iu kin sau phn ng thu c
lng kt ta ln nht l
A. x > y B. y > x C. x = y D. x < 2y
12. Trn dd cha a mol AlCl
3
vi dd cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th cn t l
A. a/b = B. a/b > C. a/b < D. a/b = 1/3
13. Mt dd cha a mol NaAlO
2
v a mol NaOH tc dng vi dd cha b mol HCl. iu kin sau phn
ng thu c kt ta l
A. a = 2b B. a = b C. a < b < 4a D. a < b < 5a
14. Thm dd HCl vo dd cha 0,1mol NaOH v 0,1 mol NaAlO
2
. Khi kt ta thu c l 0,08 mol th
s mol HCl dng l
trang 78
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. 0,08 hoc 0,16 mol B. 0,18 hoc 0,26 mol
C. 0,26 mol D. 0,16 mol
15. Cho 18,6g hn hp gm Zn v Fe tc dng va vi 7,84 lit Cl
2
ktc. Ly sn phm thu c
ha tan vo nc ri cho tc dng vi dd NaOH 1M. Th tch dd NaOH cn dng lng kt ta thu c
ln nht, nh nht ln lt l
A. 0,7 v 1,1 lit B. 0,1 v 0,5 lit C. 0,2 v 0,5 lit D. 0,1 v 1,1 lit
16. Trong 1 cc ng 200 ml dd AlCl
3
2M. Rt vo cc 200ml dd NaOH aM thu c kt ta. Sy kt
ta v nung n khi lng khng i thu c 5,1g cht rn. Gi tr ca a l
A. 1,5M B. 1,5 v 3M C. 3M D. 1,5M v 7,5M
17. Cho 5,6 lit hn hp X gm N
2
v CO
2
(ktc) i chm qua 5 lit dd Ca(OH)
2
0,02M phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c 5 g kt ta. T khi hi ca hn hp X so vi H
2
l
A. 15,6 B. 18,8 C. 21 D. C A v B
18. Nhit phn 20 g mui cacbonat kim loi ha tr 2 thu c kh A v cht rn B. Cho ton b kh A
vo 150 ml dd Ba(OH)
2
1M thu c 19,7g kt ta. Cng thc mui cacbonat l
A. CaCO
3
B. BaCO
3
C. FeCO
3
D. MgCO
3
19. Ha tan hon ton 11,2g CaO vo nc c dd A. Nu cho kh CO
2
sc qua dd A v sau khi kt
thc th nghim thy c 2,5g kt ta. Th tch CO
2
tham gia phn ng l
A. 0,56 v 2,24 lit B. 0,56 v 8,4 lit
C. 0,65 v 8,4 lit D. 0,6 v 2,24 lit
20. Ha tan 3,9 g Al(OH)
3
bng 50 ml dd NaOH 3M thu c dd A. Th tch dd HCl 2M cn cho vo dd
A xut hin tr li 1,56g kt ta l
A. 0,02 lit B. 0,24 lit C. 0,02 hoc 0,24 lit D. 0,06 hoc 0,12 lit
21. Cho V lit dd NaOH 2M vo dd cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng hon
ton thu c 7,8g kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l
A. 0,45 B. 0,35 C. 0,25 D. 0,05
22. Cho 100ml dung dch NaOH tc dng vi 200ml dung dch AlCl
3
0,2M thu c kt ta A. Sy kh v
em nung A n khi lng khng i thu c 1,53 gam cht rn. Nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH
dng l:
A. 0,9M ; 0,5M B. 1,0M ; 0,9M
C. 1,3M ; 0,5M D. 0,9M ; 1,3M
23.Cho p mol dung dch NaAlO
2
tc dng vi q mol dung dch HCl. thu c kt ta sau phn ng th t
l p : q l:
A. p : q = 1 : 5 B. p : q = 1 : 4 C. p : q > 1 : 4 D. p : q < 1 : 4
24.Cho 200ml dung dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c 15,6 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ln nht ca V l:
A. 1,2 (l) B. 1,8 (l) C. 2,0 (l) D. 2,4 (l)
trang 79
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
M un 9: PHNG PHP LP S HP THC
1 L thuyt
i vi cc bi ton hn hp bao gm nhiu qu trnh phn ng xy ra, ta ch cn lp s hp thc,
sau cn c vo cht u v cht cui, b qua cc phn ng trung gian.
V d:
Cho hn hp A gm cc cht rn Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl, dung
dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta, nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh m.
Ta thy, cht cui cng l Fe
2
O
3
, vy nu tnh c tng s mol Fe c trong A ta s tnh c s mol
Fe
2
O
3
.
Cho hn hp Fe, Zn, Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, cho t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch
thu c n kt ta ln nht, lc kt ta, nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam
cht rn, tnh m.
Ta thy, nu bit c s mol cc kim loi ban u, ta lp c s hp thc gia cht u v cui
Fe Fe
2
O
3
; Zn ZnO; Mg MgO ta s tnh c khi lng cc oxit.
2. Bi tp
* Bi tp c li gii
Bi 1. Cho 11,2 gam Fe v 2,4 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d. Sau phn ng thu c
dung dch A v V lt kh H
2
( ktc). Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c kt ta B. Lc B
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m (gam) cht rn.
a. V c gi tr l
A. 2,24 L B. 3,36 L C. 5,6 L D. 6,72 L
b. Gi tr ca m l
A. 18 g B. 20 g C. 24 g D. 36 g
Hng dn gii
a.
2
H Mg Fe
2,4 11,2
n n n
24 56
+ + = 0,3 (mol)
2
H
V
= 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (lt)
p n D.
b. Da vo s thay i cht u v cui, ta lp c s hp thc:
2Fe Fe
2
O
3
; Mg MgO
0,20,1 0,10,1
m = 0,1.160 + 0,1.40 = 20 (g)
p n B.
Bi 2. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
vo dung dch HCl d thu c
dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi NaOH d thu c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta, ra sch, sy kh v
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn, m c gi tr l
trang 80
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. 23 g B. 32 g C. 24 g D. 42 g
Hng dn gii
Cc phn ng:
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
FeCl
2
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)
2
+ 2NaCl
FeCl
3
+ 3NaOH Fe(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4Fe(OH)
3
2Fe(OH)
3

0
t

Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
Trong m gam cht rn c 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
(16 g) ban u. Vy ch cn tnh lng Fe
2
O
3
to ra t Fe
theo mi quan h cht u (Fe) v cui (Fe
2
O
3
)
2Fe Fe
2
O
3
.
2 3
Fe O Fe
1
n n
2
= 0,1 (mol)
m = 16 + 0,1.160 = 32 (gam)
p n B.
Bi 3. Hn hp Al, Fe c khi lng 22 gam c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng vi
HCl d thu c dung dch A v 8,96 lt H
2
(ktc). Cho dung dch A tc dng dung dch NaOH d c kt
ta B, lc kt ta B nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m
1
gam cht rn. Phn 2 cho vo
dung dch CuSO
4
d n khi phn ng hon ton thu c m
2
gam cht rn khng tan.
a. m c gi tr l
A. 8 g B. 16 g C. 32 g D. 24 g
b. m c gi tr l
A. 12,8 g B. 16 g C. 25,6 g D. 22,4 g
Hng dn gii
a. 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
3
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
FeCl
2
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)
2
+ 2NaCl
4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2

0
t

2Fe
2
O
3
+ 4H
2
O
Khi tc dng vi HCl, gi x, y ln lt l s mol Al v Fe ta c:
27x 56y 11 x 0,2
1,5x y 0,4 y 0,1
+
' '
+

Sau cc phn ng cht rn thu c ch cn l Fe
2
O
3
.
2Fe Fe
2
O
3
0,1........0,05 m
1
= 8 (g)
p n A.
b. 2Al + 3CuSO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3Cu
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
phn 2, Cu nhn electron chnh bng H
2
nhn phn 1, do
n
Cu
=
2
H
n
= 0,4 m
Cu
= 25,6 (gam)
p n C.
* Bi tp rn luyn k nng:
1. Cho hn hp gm 0,025 mol Mg v 0,03 mol Al tc dng vi dd HCl thu c dd A. Thm dd NaOH
d vo dd A thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1 B. 1,45 C. 2,98 D. 3,79
trang 81
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
2. Cho 100ml dd FeSO
4
0,5M tc dng vi dd NaOH d. Sau phn ng lc kt ta ri em nung trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c s gam cht rn l
A. 4 B. 5,35 C. 3,6 D. 6,4
3. Ha tan 10g hn hp bt Fe v Fe
2
O
3
bng dd HCl va thu c 1,12 lit kh H
2
(ktc) v dd X.
Cho dd X tc dng ht vi dd NaOH d. Ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu
c s gam cht rn l
A. 11,5 B. 11,2 C. 10,8 D. 12
4. Cho 0,2 mol FeO v 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4
vo dd HCl d, sau khi thm tip dd NaOH d vo, ly kt ta
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c
A. 21,6g FeO B. 38,67g Fe
3
O
4
C. 40g Fe
2
O
3
D. 48g Fe
2
O
3
5. 7,68g hn hp Fe, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
tc dng ht vi 260 ml dd HCl 1M thu c dd X. Cho X tc dng
vi dd NaOH d, lc kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c s gam cht rn l
A. 8 B. 12 C. 16 D. 24
6. Cho 11,2 g Fe v 2,4g Mg tc dng vi dd H
2
SO
4
long d. Sau phn ng thu c dd A v V lit kh
H
2
(ktc). Cho dd NaOH d vo dd A thu c kt ta B. Lc kt ta B nung trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn.
a. V c gi tr l
A. 2,24 B. 3,36 C. 5,6 D. 6,72
b. m c gi tr l
A. 18 B. 20 C. 24 D. 36
7. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
vo dd HCl d c dd A. Cho dd A tc
dng vi dd NaOH d thu c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta, ra sch, sy kh v nung trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i thu c s gam cht rn l
A. 23 B. 32 C. 24 D. 42
8. hn hp Al, Fe c khi lng 22g c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
P1 tc dng vi HCl d thu c dd A v 8,96 lit kh H
2
(ktc). Cho dd A tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu
c kt ta B, lc kt ta B nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m
1
gam cht rn.
P2 cho vo dd CuSO
4
d n khi phn ng hon ton thu c m
2
gam cht rn khng tan.
a. Gi tr ca m
1
l
A. 8 B. 16 C. 32 D. 24
b. Gi tr ca m
2
l
A. 12,8 B. 16 C. 25,6 D. 22,4
9. Ha tan hon ton 13,6 g hn hp Fe v Fe
2
O
3
trong dd HCl thu c 2,24 lit kh H
2
(ktc) v dd D.
Cho D tc dng vi dd NaOH d, lc, nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c s
gam cht rn l
A. 8 B. 12 C. 16 D. 24
10. Cho 0,27g bt Al v 2,04g bt Al
2
O
3
tan hon ton trong dd NaOH thu c dd X. sc kh CO
2
vo
dd X thu c kt ta X
1
. Nung X
1
nhit cao n khi lng khng i c oxit X
2
(cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton). Khi lng X
2
l
A. 1,02g B. 2,55g C. 2,04g D. 3,06g
11. Ha tan hon ton 9g hn hp X gm bt Al v bt Mg bng dd H
2
SO
4
long d thu c kh A v
dd B. Thm t t dd NaOH vo B sao cho kt ta n n lng ln nht th dng li. Lc kt ta, nung
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 16, 2g cht rn. Th tch ca kh A ktc l
A. 6,72 lit B. 7,84lit C. 8,96 lit D. 10,08 lit
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Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
12. Cho m gam bt Fe
x
O
y
ha tan bng dd HCl sau thm dd NaOH d vo, lc ly kt ta nung trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Cng thc ca oxit l
A. FeO B. Fe
2
O
3
C. Fe
3
O
4
D. Fe
3
O
2
M un 10: PHNG PHP PHNG TRNH ION THU GN
9.1. L thuyt:
Vit ng phng trnh dng ion thu gn, xt xem trong hn hp sau khi trn bao gm nhng ion no;
trong nhng ion no c kh nng kt hp vi nhau d vit ng phng trnh dng ion thu gn.
Th d: Dung dch A c cha FeCl
3
, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, NH
4
NO
3
em trn vi dung dch B gm NaOH,
Ba(OH)
2
. Cc phng trnh dng ion thu gn:
NH
4
+
+ OH
-
NH
3
+ H
2
O
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
BaSO
4
.
Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3
.
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
.
C th c: Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
Al(OH)
4
-
.
9.2. Bi tp rn luyn k nng:
Dng 1: PHNG PHP PHNG TRNH ION THU GN
1. Dung dch X cha cc ion Fe
3+
, SO
4
2-
, NH
4
+
, Cl
-
. Chia dd X thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1 tc dng vi dd NaOH d, un nng thu c 0,672lit kh ktc c 1,07g kt ta.
trang 83
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Phn 2 tc dng vi dd BaCl
2
d thu c 4,68g kt ta.
Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dd X l
A. 3,73g B. 7,07g C. 7,46g D. 3,52g
2. Cho 3,2g bt Cu tc dng vi 100ml dd hn hp gm HNO
3
0,8M v H
2
SO
4
0,2M. Sau khi cac phn
ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra V lit kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) ktc. V c gi tr l
A. 0,746 B. 0,448 C. 1,792 D. 0,672
3. Trn V lt dd NaOH 0,01M vi V lit dd HCl 0,03M c 2V lit dd Y. pH ca dd Y l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2. D. 1
4. Trn 100ml dd c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO
3
vi 100ml dd NaOH aM thu c 200 ml dd c pH =
12. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,15 B. 0,3 C. 0,03 D. 0,12
5. Cho mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc d thu c dd X v 3,36 lit H
2
ktc. Th tch dd H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ha dd X l
A. 150ml B. 75ml C. 60ml D. 30ml
6. Trn 100ml dd gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dd gm H
2
SO
4
0,0375M v HCl
0,0125M thu c dd X c pH l
A. 2 B. 1 C. 6 D. 7
7. Cho m gam h Mg v Al vo 250 ml dd X cha hn hp HCl 1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M thu c 5,32 lit H
2
(ktc) v dd Y (coi th tch dd khng i). pH ca dd Y l
A. 7 B.1 C. 2 D. 6
8. Thc hin 2 TN:
TN1: cho 3,84g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dd HNO
3
1M thot ra V1 lit NO
TN2: cho 3,84g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dd HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M thot ra V2 lit NO. Bit NO l sn
phm kh duy nht, cc th tch o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 vi V2 l
A. V2 = 2,5V1 B. V2 = 1,5V1 C. V2 = V1 D. V2 = 2V1
9. Cho 2,4g hn hp bt Mg v Fe vo 130ml dd HCl 0,5M. Th tch kh thot ra ktc l
A. 0,336 lit B. 0,728lit C. 2,912lit D. 0,672lit
10. Cho m gam hn hp A gm Zn v Fe vo 2lit dd HCl c 0,4mol kh, thm tip 1lit dd HCl th
thot ra thm 0,1mol kh. Nng mol ca dd HCl l
A. 0,4M B. 0,8M C. 0,5M D. 0,25
11. Ly cng khi lng kim loi R tc dng vi dd H
2
SO
4
c nng v vi H
2
SO
4
long th thy s mol
SO
2
gp 1,5 ln s mol H
2
. kim loi R l
A. Mn B. Al C. Mg D. Fe
12. Cho 3,9 g hn hp X gm Al v Mg tc dng vi 100ml dd Y cha HCl 3M v H
2
SO
4
1M. Kt lun
no sau y hp l nht ?
A. X tan khng ht B. axit cn d
C. X v axit va D. khng kt lun c
13. Cho 0,09 mol Cu vo bnh cha 0,16 mol HNO
3
thot ra kh NO duy nht. Thm tip H
2
SO
4
long
d vo bnh, Cu tan ht v thu thm V ml NO ktc. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1344 B. 672 C. 448 D. 224
14. Dung dch A cha HCl v H
2
SO
4
theo t l mol 3 : 1. 100ml dd A trung ha va bi 50ml dd
NaOH 0,5M. Nng mol mi axit l
A. HCl 0,15M; H
2
SO
4
0,05M B. HCl 0,5M; H
2
SO
4
0,05M
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Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
C. HCl 0,05M; H
2
SO
4
0,5M D. HCl 0,15M; H
2
SO
4
0,15M
15. Trn dd X cha NaOH 0,1M, Ba(OH)
2
0,2M vi dd Y cha HCl 0,2M, H
2
SO
4
0,1M theo t l V
X
: V
Y
no dd thu c c pH = 13 ?
A. 5/4 B. 4/5 C. 5/3 D. 3/2
16. Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na, Ba tc dng vi nc thu c dd Y v 3,36 lit kh H
2
(ktc). Th
tch dd HCl 2M cn dng trung ha lng dd Y l
A. 0,15lit B. 0,3 lit C. 0,075 lit D. 0,1lit
17. Dung dch A cha NaOH 0,02M v Ca(OH)
2
0,04M. Hp th 0,672lit kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 500ml dd
A thu c lng kt ta l
A. 10g B. 2g C. 20g D. 8g
18. Cho 84,6g hn hp 2 mui CaCl
2
v BaCl
2
tc dng ht vi 1 lit dd cha Na
2
CO
3
0,25M v
(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
0,75M sinh ra 79,1g kt ta. Thm 600ml dd Ba(OH)
2
1M vo dd sau phn ng. Khi lng kt
ta v th tch kh bay ra l
A. 9,85g ; 26,88 lit B. 98,5g ; 26,88 lit
C. 98,5g; 2,688 lit D. 9,85g; 2,688 lit
19. Cho 200ml dd A cha HCl 1M v HNO
3
2M tc dng vi 300ml dd cha NaOH 0,8M v KOH thu
c dd C. trung ha dd C cn 60ml HCl 1M. Nng mol ca KOH l
A. 0,7M B. 0,5M C. 1,4M D. 1,6M
20. 100 ml dd X cha H
2
SO
4
2M v HCl 2M trung ha va bi 100ml dd Y gm NaOH v Ba(OH)
2
to ra 23,3g kt ta. Nng mol cc cht trong Y l
A. NaOH 0,4M; Ba(OH)
2
1M B. NaOH 4M; Ba(OH)
2
0,1M
C. NaOH 0,4M; Ba(OH)
2
0,1M D. NaOH 4M; Ba(OH)2 1M
21. Trn 100ml dd A gm KHCO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
1M vo 100ml dd B gm NaHCO
3
1M v Na
2
CO
3
1M
thu c dd C. Nh t t 100ml dd D gm H
2
SO
4
1M v HCl 1M vo dd C thu c V lit kh CO
2
(ktc) v
dd E. Cho dd Ba(OH)
2
ti d vo dd E thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V l
A. 34; 3,24 B. 82,4; 2,24 C. 43; 1,12 D. 82,4; 5,6
22. Hn hp rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol. Ha tan ht X vo dd Y
gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
long d thu c dd Z. Nh t t dd Cu(NO
3
)
2
vo dd Z cho ti khi kh NO ngng
thot ra. Th tch dd Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc l
A. 25 ml; 1,12lit B. 50ml; 2,24lit C. 500ml ; 2,24lit D. 50ml ; 1,12lit
23. Ha tan 6,4g Cu vo 120 ml dd hn hp HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M thu c dd A v V lit kh NO
duy nht ktc. Gi tr V v khi lng mui khan thu c sau khi c cn dd A l
A. 1,344lit ; 11,52g B. 1,344lit ; 15,24g
C. 1,434lit; 14,25g D. 1,234lit; 13,24g
24. Cho dd Ba(OH)
2
n d vo 50ml dd X cha cc ion: NH
4
+
, SO
4
2-
, NO
3
-
th c 11,65g kt ta c
to ra v khi un nng c 4,48 lit kh bay ra (ktc). Nng mol mi cht trong X l
A. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
1M; NH
4
NO
3
2M B. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
2M; NH
4
NO
3
1M
C. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
1M; NH
4
NO
3
1M D. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
0,5M; NH
4
NO
3
2M
25. Cho 8g Ca tan hon ton trong 200ml dd hn hp HCl 2M, H
2
SO
4
0,75M thu c kh H
2
v dd X.
C cn dd X thu c lng mui khan l
A. 22,2g < m < 27,2g B. 22,2g m 25,95g
C. 25,95g < m < 27,2g D. 22,2g m 27,2g
26. Ha tan hon tton 17,88g hn hp gm 2 kim loi kim A, B v kim loi kim th M vo nc thu
c dd Y v 0,24 mol kh H
2
. Dung dch Z gm H
2
SO
4
v HCl, trong s mol HCl gp 4 ln s mol
trang 85
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
H
2
SO
4
. trung ha dd Y cn ht V lit dd Z. Tng khi lng mui khan to thnh trong phn ng trung
ha l
A. 18,64g B. 18,46g C. 27,4g D. 24,7g
27. Hp th hon ton 2,24 lit CO
2
(ktc) vo 800 ml dd A cha NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,05M thu
c kt ta X v dd Y. Khi lng dd Y so vi khi lng dd A s
A. tng 4,4g B. tng 3,48g C. gim 3,48g D. gim 4,4g
28. Trn 250 ml dd hn hp HCl 0,08M v H
2
SO
4
0,1M vi 250ml dd Ba(OH)
2
aM thu c m gam kt
ta v 500 ml dd c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a v m tng ng l
A. 0,3; 5,825 B. 0,15; 5,825 C. 0,12; 6,99 D. 0,3; 6,99
29. Dung dch B gm KOH 1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,75M. Cho t t dd B vo 100ml dd Zn(NO
3
)
2
1M thy
cn dng t nht V ml dd B th khng cn kt ta. V c gi tr l
A. 120 B. 140 C. 160 D. 180
30. Cho m gam hn hp mui vo nc c dd A cha cc ion: Na
+
, CO
3
2-
, SO
4
2-
, NH
4
+
. Khi cho A tc
dng vi dd Ba(OH)
2
d v un nng thu c 0,34g kh lm xanh qu m v 4,3g kt ta. Cn khi cho A
tc dng vi dd H
2
SO
4
d th thu c 0,224 lit kh (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,45 B. 2,38 C. 4,52 D. 3,69
31. Dung dch A cha HCl 1M v H
2
SO
4
0,6M. Cho 100ml dd B gm KOH 1M v NaOH 0,8M vo
100ml dd A, c cn dd sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 13,63 B. 13,36 C. 15,63 D. 15,09
Mun 11: MT S DNG BI TP QUAN TRNG HO V C
10.1 Bi tp cho CO
2
, SO
2
, P
2
O
5
, H
3
PO
4
vo dung dch kim
1. Dn t t V lit kh CO ( ktc) i qua ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO, Fe
2
O
3
nhit
cao. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X vo lng d dd Ca(OH)
2
th to
ra 4g kt ta. V c gi tr l
A. 1,12 B. 0,896 C. 0,448 D. 0,224
2. Nhit phn hon ton 40g mt loi qung olomit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra 8,96 lit kh CO
2
ktc.
Thnh phn % v khi lng ca CaCO
3
.MgCO
3
trong qung nu trn l
A. 40% B. 50% C. 84% D. 92%
3. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lit CO
2
ktc vo 500 ml dd hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M, Ba(OH)
2
0,2M sinh
ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,7 B. 17,73 C. 9,85 D. 11,82
4. Nung 13,4g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II thu c 6,8g cht rn v kh X. Lng
kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75ml dd NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l
A. 5,8g B. 6,5g C. 4,2g D. 6,3g
5. Hp th hon ton 2,688 lit CO
2
ktc vo 2,5 lit dd Ba(OH)
2
nng aM thu c 15,76g kt ta.
Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,032 B. 0,048 C. 0,06 D. 0,04
6. Cho t t dd cha a mol HCl vo dd cha b mol Na
2
CO
3
ng thi khuy u thu c V lit kh
ktc v dd X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dd X c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h V vi a, b l
A. V = 22,4(a b) B. V = 11,2(a b)
C. V = 11,2(a + b) D. V = 22,4(a + b)
7. Hp th ht V lit CO
2
ktc vo 300ml dd NaOH xM thu c 10,6g Na
2
CO
3
v 8,4g NaHCO
3
. Gi
tr ca V, x ln lt l
trang 86
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. 4,48 lit; 1M B. 4,48lit; 1,5M C. 6,72lit ; 1M D. 5,6lit ; 2M
8. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol C
2
H
5
OH ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh cha 75ml dd
Ba(OH)
2
2M. Tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng l
A. 32,65g B. 19,7g C. 12,95g D. 35,75g
9. Hp th ton b 0,3 mol CO
2
vo dd cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH)
2
. Khi lng dd sau phn ng tng hay
gim bao nhiu ?
A. tng 13,2g B. tng 20g C. gim 16,8g D. gim 6,8g
10. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol etan ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh cha 300 ml dd NaOH
1M. Khi lng mi mui thu c sau phn ng l
A. 8,4g ; 10,6g B. 84g ; 106g C. 0,84g ; 1,06g D. 4,2g ; 5,3g
11. Hp th hon ton 0,224 lit CO
2
ktc vo 2 lit dd Ca(OH)
2
0,01M thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 1 B. 1,5 C. 2 D. 2,5
12. dung dch A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,02M, hp th 0,5 mol CO
2
vo 500 ml dd A thu c s
gam kt ta l
A. 1 B. 1,2 C. 2 D. 2,8
13. Hp th ht 2,24 lit CO
2
ktc vo 1 lit dd cha KOH 0,2M v Ca(OH)
2
0,05M thu c s gam kt
ta l
A. 5 B. 15 C. 10 D. 1
14. Dung dch X cha NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,15M. Hp th ht 7,84 lit kh CO
2
ktc vo 1 lit dd
X th thu c s gam kt ta l
A. 29,55 B. 9,85 C. 68,95 D. 39,4
15. Hp th ht CO
2
vo dd NaOH thu c dd A. Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau:
- Cho dd BaCl
2
d vo P1 thu c a gam kt ta.
- Cho dd Ba(OH)
2
d vo P2 thu c b gam kt ta.
Cho bit a < b. Dung dch A cha
A. Na
2
CO
3
B. NaHCO
3
C. NaOH, NaHCO
3
D. NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
16. . Hp th ht CO
2
vo dd NaOH thu c dd A. Bit rng:
- cho t t dd HCl vo dd A th phi mt 50 ml dd HCl 1M mi bt u thy kh thot ra.
- Cho dd Ba(OH)
2
d vo dd A thu c 7,88g kt ta.
Dung dch A cha
A. Na
2
CO
3
B. NaHCO
3
C. NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
D. NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
17. Cho 0,2688 lit CO
2
ktc hp th hon ton bi 200 ml dd NaOH 0,1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,01M. Tng
khi lng mui thu c l
A. 1,26g B. 2g C. 3,06g D. 4,96g
18. Nh t t 200 ml dd HCl 1,75M vo 200 ml dd X cha K
2
CO
3
1M v NaHCO
3
0,5M. Th tch CO
2
thu c ktc l
A. 4,48lit B. 2,24lit C. 3,36 lit D. 3,92 lit
19. Hp th ton b x mol CO
2
vo dd cha 0,03 mol Ca(OH)
2
c 2g kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,02 mol ; 0,04 mol B. 0,02 mol ; 0,05 mol
C. 0,01 mol; 0,03 mol D. 0,03 mol; 0,04 mol
20. Hp th V lit CO
2
ktc vo Ca(OH)
2
thu c 10g kt ta. Lc b kt ta ri ung nng phn dd
cn li thu c 5g kt ta na. V c gi tr l
trang 87
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. 3,36 B. 2,24 C. 1,12 D. 4,48
21. Ly 14,2 gam P
2
O
5
cho vo 150ml dung dch KOH 1,5M sau khi phn ng kt thc ta nhn c
dung dch Y. S gam cht tan trong dung dch Y l:
A. 20,15 B. 25,36 C. 28,15 D. 30,00
22. Cho 100ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
2M vo 250ml dung dch hn hp KOH 0,5M v NaOH 1,5M sau khi
phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch X. S gam mui trong dung dch X l:
A. 26,6 B. 30,6 C. 34,6 D. 32,6
23. Cho 50ml dung dch H
4
PO
4
2M vo 250ml dung dch Na
3
PO
4
0,8M sau khi phn ng xong c cn
dung dch thu c m gam mui khan. Vy m l:
A. 38,8 B. 42,6 C. 48,8 D. 50,2
24. Trn 200ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
1M vi 100ml dung dch K
2
HPO
4
2M ta c dung dch X. Tnh khi
lng mui khan khi c cn dung dch X
A. 60,2 B. 68,8 C. 74,8 D. 71,8
10.2. Bi tp in phn.
1. in phn dd cha 0,02 mol FeSO
4
v 0,06 mol HCl vi I = 1,34A trong 2gi (in cc tr, mng
ngn). B qua s ha tan ca kh clo trong nc, hiu sut in phn 100%. Khi lng kim loi thot ra
catot v th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot ln lt l
A. 11,2g v 8,96 lit B. 1,12g v 0,896 lit
C. 5,6g v 4,48 lit D. 0,56g v 0,448 lit
2. Dung dch X cha HCl, CuSO
4
v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. Ly 400 ml dd X m in phn (in cc tr) vi I =
7,72A n khi catot c 0,08 mol Cu th dng li. Khi catot c 0,1 mol mt cht kh bay ra. Thi
gian in phn v nng mol/l ca Fe
2+
ln lt l
A. 2300s v 0,1M B. 2500s v 0,1M
C. 2300s v 0,15M D. 2500s v 0,15M
3. in phn dd CuCl
2
vi in cc tr sau 1 thi gian c 0,32g Cu catot v 1 lng kh X anot.
Hp th hon ton kh X trn vo 200ml dd NaOH (nhit thng). Sau phn ng nng NaOH cn li
0,05M (gi s th tch dd khng i). Nng ban u ca dd NaOH l
A. 0,15M B. 0,2M C. 0,1M D. 0,05M
4. in phn dd X cha a mol CuSO
4
v b mol NaCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp). dd sau in phn
lm dd phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l (bit ion SO
4
2-
khng b in phn
trong dd)
A. b > 2a B. b = 2a C. b < 2a D. 2b = a
5. in phn nng chy a gam mui X to bi kim loi M v halogen thu c 0,896 lit kh nguyn cht
(ktc). Cng a gam X trn nu ha tan vo 100ml dd HCl 1M ri cho tc dng vi dd AgNO
3
thu c
25,83g kt ta. Halogen l
A. Flo B. Clo C. Brom D. Iot
6. in phn dd mui MCl
n
vi in cc tr. Khi catot thu c 16g kim loi th anot thu c 5,6
lit kh (ktc). M l
A. Cu B. Zn C. Fe D. Ag
7. in phn vi in cc tr dd mui clorua ca kim loi ha tr II vi I = 3A. Sau 1930 giy, thy khi
lng catot tng 1,92g. Kim loi trong mui clorua trn l
A. Ni B. Zn C. Cu D. Fe
8 Tin hnh in phn hon ton dd X cha AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
thu c 56g hn hp kim loi catot
v 4,48 lit kh anot (ktc). S mol AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong X ln lt l
trang 88
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. 0,2 v 0,3 B. 0,3 v 0,4 C. 0,4 v 0,2 D. 0,4 v 0,3
9. Ha tan 1,28g CuSO
4
vo nc ri em in phn hon ton sau 1 thi gian thu c 800ml dd c pH
= 12. Hiu sut in phn l
A. 62,5% B. 50% C. 75% D. 80%
10. in phn 2 lit dd CuSO
4
vi in cc tr v dng in 10 cho n khi catot bt u c kh thot ra
th ngng thy phi mt 32pht 10giy. Nng mol ban u ca CuSO
4
v pH dd sau phn ng l
A. 0,5M, pH = 1 B. 0,05M, pH = 10 C. 0,005M, pH = 1 D. 0,05M, pH=1
11. in phn 100 ml dd A cha HCl 0,1M v NaCl 0,2M vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp ti khi anot
thot ra 0,224 lit kh ktc th ngng in phn. Dd sau khi in phn c pH l (coi th tch dd thay i
khng ng k)
A. 6 B. 7 C. 12 D. 13
12. in phn n ht 0,1 mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong dd vi in cc tr th sau khi in phn khi lng dd
gim l
A. 1,6g B. 6,4g C. 8g D. 18,8g
13. Khi in phn nng chy 26g mui iotua ca kim loi M th thu c 12,7g iot. Cng thc mui
iotua l
A. KI B. CaI
2
C. NaI D. CsI
14. Ha tan 40g CdSO
4
b m vo nc. in phn ht cadimi trong dd cn dng dng in 2,144A
v thi gian 4 gi. % nc cha trong mui l
A. 18,4% B. 16,8% C. 18,6% D. 16%
15. in phn 300 ml dd CuSO
4
0,2M vi I = 3,86A. Khi lng kim loi thu c catot sau khi in
phn 20 pht l
A. 1,28g B. 1,536g C. 1,92g D. 3,84g
16. in phn dd MSO
4
n khi anot thu c 0,672 lit kh ktc th thy khi lng catot tng 3,84g.
Kim loi M l
A. Cu B. Fe C. Ni D. Zn
17. C 200ml dd hn hp Cu(NO
3
)
3
v AgNO
3
. in phn ht ion kim loi trong dd cn dng in
0,402A, thi gian 4 gi, trn catot thot ra 3,44g kim loi. Nng mol/l ca Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
ln lt
l
A. 0,1 v 0,2 B. 0,01 v 0,1 C. 0,1 v 0,01 D. 0,1 v 0,1
18. Tin hnh in phn c mng ngn xp 500ml dd cha hn hp HCl 0,02M v NaCl 0,2M. Sau khi
anot thot ra 0,448 lit kh ktc th ngng in phn. Th tch dd HNO
3
0,1M cn trung ha dd thu
c sau in phn l
A. 200ml B. 300ml C. 250 ml D. 400ml
19. Ha tan 5g mui ngm nc CuSO
4
.nH
2
O ri m in phn hon ton thu c dd A. Trung ha dd
A cn dd cha 1,6g NaOH. Gi tr ca n l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 8
20. in phn dd 1 mui nitrat kim loi vi hiu sut in phn 100% cng dng in khng i
7,72A trong thi gian 9 pht 22,5giy. Sau khi kt thc thy khi lng cattot tng ln 4,86g do kim loi
bm vo. Kim loi l
A. Cu B. Ag C. Hg D. Pb
10.3 Cc bi tp v nhm.
Bi 1: Oxi ho hon ton 14,3 gam hn hp bt gm cc kim loi Mg, Al, Zn bng oxi thu c 22,3
gam hn hp oxit. Cho lng oxit ny tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl th khi lng mui to ra l
A. 36,6 g B. 32,05 g C. 49,8 g D. 48,9 g
trang 89
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi 2: Ho tan hon ton 4,5 gam bt nhm vo dung dch HNO
3
d thu c hn hp kh X gm NO
v N
2
O (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Khi lng mui nitrat to ra trong dung dch Y l
A. 36,5 g B. 35,6 g C. 35,5 g D. Khng xc nh
Bi 3: Cho hn hp X gm x mol Al v 0,2 mol Al
2
O
3
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c dung
dch A. Dn CO
2
d vo dung dch A c kt ta B, lc kt ta B nung n khi lng khng i th c
40,8 g cht rn C. Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,2 mol B. 0,4 mol C. 0,3 mol D. 0,04 mol
Bi 4: Ho tan 7,74 g hn hp gm Mg v Al vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H
2
SO
4
0,28 M
thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan l
A. 38,93 g B. 103,85 g C. 25,95 g D. 7,86 g
Bi 5: Thm m gam K vo 300 ml dung dch hn hp Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dung
dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c kt
ta Y ln nht th khi gi tr m l
A. 1,71g B. 1,59 g C.1,95 g D. 1,17 g
Bi 6: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng H
2
O th thot ra V lt kh. Nu cho m
gam X vo dung dch NaOH d th c 1,75V lt kh (cc kh o cng iu kin). Vy % khi lng Na
trong X l
A. 39,87% B. 77,31% C. 49,87% D. 29,87%
Bi 7: Ly 15,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Al
2
O
3
ho vo 500 ml NaOH 1M th c dung dch Y. Tnh
th tch HCl 2M cn cho vo dung dch Y thu c kt ta ln nht
A. 175 ml B. 250 ml C. 275 ml D. 500 ml
Bi 8: Trn 100 ml AlCl
3
1M vi 200 ml NaOH 1,8 M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c m gam kt
ta. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 3,13 g B. 1,06 g C. 2,08 g D. 4,16 g
Bi 9: Dung dch X: NaOH 0,2 M, Ba(OH)
2
0,05 M; dung dch Y: Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,4 M, H
2
SO
4
C
M
. Trn 10
ml dch Y vi 100 ml dung dch X ta c 1,633 gam kt ta. Vy gi tr C
M
l
A. 0,1 M B. 0,2 M C. 0,25 M D. 0,3 M
Bi 10: Trn 40 gam Fe
2
O
3
vi 10,8 gam Al ri nung nhit cao, hn hp sau phn ng ho tan vo
dung dch NaOH d thu c 5,376 lt kh (ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 12,5% B. 60% C. 40% D. 16,67%
10.4 Cc bi ton v st
Bi 1: Ly 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
em ho vo HNO
3
long d nhn c
1,344 lt kh NO v dung dch X, c cn dung dch X c m gam mui khan. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 49,09 g B. 34,36 g C. 35,50 g D. 38,72 g
Bi 2: Mt loi oxit st dng luyn gang. Nu kh oxit st ny bng CO nhit cao ta thu c
0,84 g st v 0,448 lt kh CO
2
. Cng thc oxit l
A. Fe
2
O
3
B. Fe
3
O
4
C. FeO D. FeO
4
Bi 3: Cho kh CO i qua 10 gam Fe
2
O
3
t nng ta thu c m gam hn hp rn X (gm 3 oxit). em
hn hp X ho trong HNO
3
c nng d th nhn c 8,96 lt kh NO
2
(ktc). Vy m c gi tr l
A. 8,4 g B. 7,2 g C. 6,8 g D. 5,6 g
Bi 4: Ho tan 10,8 g oxit st cn dng 300 ml HCl 1M. Vy cng thc oxit st l
A. Fe
2
O
3
B. Fe
3
O
4
C. FeO D. FeO
4
Bi 5: Cho kh CO i qua m gam Fe
2
O
3
t

nng ta thu c 6,96 gam hn hp X (gm 4 cht rn). Hn
hp X em ho vo HNO
3
d th nhn c 2,24 lt kh Y gm NO v NO
2
, t khi ca kh Y i vi H
2
bng 21,8. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 10,2 g B. 9,60 g C. 8,00 g D. 7,73 g
Bi 6: Ho tan m (g) hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
c s mol bng nhau vo dung dch HNO
3
thu
c 2,688 lt NO. Gi tr m l
A. 70,82 g B. 83,52 g C.62,6 4g D. 44,76 g
Bi 7: Hn hp X gm 0,15 mol Mg v 0,1 mol Fe em ho vo 500 ml dung dch Y gm AgNO
3
v
Cu(NO
3
)
2
cha bit nng . Sau khi phn ng kt thc nhn c 20 g cht rn Z v dung dch E. Cho
NaOH d vo dung dch E, lc kt ta nung ngoi khng kh thu c 8,4 gam hn hp 2oxit. Vy nng
mol/l AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
ln lt l
A. 0,12M v 0,36M B. 0,24M v 0,5M
C. 0,12M v 0,3 M D. 0,24M v 0,6M
trang 90
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi 8: Cho ming st nng m gam vo dung dch HNO
3
, sau phn ng thy c 6,72 lt kh NO
2
(ktc)
thot ra v cn li 2,4 gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr m l
A. 8,0 g B. 5,6 g C. 10,8 g D. 8,4 g
Bi 9: Ly m gam st ngoi khng kh thu c hn hp rn X (gm 4 cht rn) c khi lng 12
gam. em hn hp rn em ho tan hon ton trong HNO
3
long d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO (ktc). Vy m
c gi tr l
A. 8,96 g B. 9,82 g C. 10,08 g D. 11,2 g
Bi 6: Ly p gam st t trong oxi khng kh thu c 7,52 gam hn hp rn X (gm 3 oxit). em X
ho tan trong H
2
SO
4
c nng d nhn c 0,672 lt SO
2
. Vy p gam st c gi tr l
A. 4,8 g B. 5,6 g C. 7,2 g D. 8,6 g
Bi 10: Ly m gam Fe
2
O
3
em t nng cho CO i qua ta nhn c 13,92 gam hn hp rn X (gm 4
cht rn). Hn hp rn X em ho vo HNO
3
c nng d nhn c 5,284 lt kh NO
2
(ktc). Vy m c gi
tr l
A. 15,2 g B. 16,0 g C. 16,8 g D. 17,4 g
Bi 11: Cho kh CO i qua ng cha Fe
2
O
3
t nng; sau th nghim ta nhn c cht rn trong ng c
khi lng m gam. em cht rn ny ho trong HNO
3
c d th nhn c 2,192 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) v 24,2
gam mt loi mui st duy nht. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 8,36 g B. 5,68 g C. 7,24 g D. 6,96 g
M un 12: MT S DNG BI TP QUAN TRNG HO HU C
11.1 Thit lp cng thc phn t hu c
Cu 1: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO
2
, 0,56 lt kh N
2
(cc kh
o ktc) v 3,15 gam H
2
O. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c mui H
2
N CH
2

COONa. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l:
A. H
2
N CH
2
COO C
3
H
7
B. H
2
N CH
2
COO CH
3
C. H
2
N CH
2
CH
2
COOH D. H
2
N CH
2
COO C
2
H
5
.
Cu 2: Trong mt bnh kn cha hi cht hu c X (c dng C
n
H
2n
O
2
) mch h v O
2
(s mol O
2
gp i
s mol cn cho phn ng) 139,9
0
C, p sut trong bnh l 0,8 atm. t chy hon ton X sau a v
nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny l 0,95 atm. X c cng thc phn t l:
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
B. CH
2
O
2
C. C
4
H
8
O
2
D. C
3
H
6
O
2
Cu 3:Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam thu c th tch hi
ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N
2
(o cung iu kin). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l:
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
B. C
2
H
3
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
3
C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
D. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
Cu 4: Axit cacboxilic no, mch X c cng thc thc nghim (C
3
H
4
O
3
)n. Vy cng thc phn t ca
X l:
A. C
6
H
8
O
6
B. C
3
H
4
O
3
C. C
12
H
16
O
12
D. C
9
H
12
O
9
Cu 5: Nicotin c trong thuc l l mt cht rt c, c th gy ung thu phi. t chy 16,2 gam nicotin
bng oxi va thu c 44g CO
2
, 12,6g H
2
O v 2,24 lt N
2
(ktc). Bit 85 < M
nicotin
< 230. Cng thc phn
t ng ca nicotin l:
A. C
5
H
7
NO B. C
5
H
7
NO
2
C. C
10
H
14
N
2
D.C
10
H
13
N
3
Cu 6: t chy hon ton 2,79 g hp cht hu c Y ri cho cc sn phm chy i qua cc bnh ng
CaCl
2
khan v KOH, thy bnh CaCl
2
tng thm 1,89 gam Y th thu c 224 ml kh N
2
(ktc). Bit Y ch
cha mt nguyn t nit. Cng thc phn t ca Y l:
A. C
6
H
7
O
N
B. C
6
H
7
N C. C
5
H
9
N D.C
5
H
7
N
Cu 7: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hp cht A ch cha C,H,O vi oxi theo t l 1:2. Ton b sn phm
chy c cho qua bnh 1 ng dung dch PdCl
2
d ri qua bnh 2 ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d. Sau th
nghim bnh 1 tng 0,4 gam v xut hin 21,2 gam kt ta, con bnh 2 c 30 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t
ca A l:
A. C
2
H
4
O B. C
3
H
4
O
2
C. C
2
H
6
O D. C
3
H
6
O
2
Cu 8: Hiro ho 1 hirocacbon A mch h cha no thnh no phi dng mt th tch H
2
gp i th
tch hi hirocacbon dng. Mt khc t chy mt th tch hi hirocacbon trn thu c 9 th tch hn
hp CO
2
v hi H
2
O (cc th tch o cung iu kin). CTPT ca A l:
A.C
3
H
6
B. C
5
H
8
C. C
6
H
10
D.C
4
H
8
trang 91
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 9: C 3 cht hu c A, B, C m phn t ca chng lp thnh 1 cp s cng. Bt c cht no khi
chy cng ch to CO
2
v H
2
O, trong n
CO2
: n
H2O
= 2 : 3. CTPT ca A, B, C ln lt l:
A. C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
4
O, C
2
H
4
O
2
B. C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
O, C
2
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
8
O, C
3
H
8
O
2
D. C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
6
O, C
2
H
6
O
2
Cu 10: t chy 200 ml hi mt cht hu c A cha C, H, O trong 900 ml O
2
, th tch hn hp kh thu
c l 1,3 lt. Sau khi co hi nc nhng t ch con 700 ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH c ch cn
100 ml (cc th tch o cng iu kin). CTPT ca A l:
A. C
3
H
6
B. C
3
H
6
C. C
3
H
8
O D. C
3
H
8
Cu 11: Oxi ho hon ton 4,6 gam hp cht hu c A bng CuO un nng. Sau phn ng thu c
4,48 lt CO
2
(ktc) v H
2
O, ng thi nhn thy khi lng CuO ban u gim bt 9,6 gam. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
2
H
6
O B. C
3
H
8
O C. C
2
H
6
O
2
D. C
4
H
12
O
2
Cu 12: t ch hon ton 18 gam hp cht A cn dng 16,8 lt oxi (ktc). Hn hp sn phm chy
gm CO
2
v hi nc c t l v th tch V
CO2
: V
H2O
= 3: 2. Bit t khi hi ca A i vi H
2
l36.CTPT ca
A l:
A. C
2
H
6
O B. C
2
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
O
2
D. C
3
H
4
O
2
Cu 13: t chy hon ton m gam hp cht hu c A th thu c a gam CO
2
v b gam H
2
O. Bit 3a =
11b v 7m = 3(a + b). CTPT ca A l: (bit t khi hi ca A i vi khng kh nh hn 3)
A. C
3
H
8
B. C
2
H
6
C. C
3
H
4
O
2
D. C
3
H
6
O
2
Cu 14: t chy 1,08 hp cht hu c X ri cho ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
thy
bnh nng thm 4,6 gam ng thi to thnh 6,475 gam mui axit v 5,91 gam mui trung ho. T khi hi
ca X i vi He l 13,5. CTPT ca X l:
A. C
3
H
6
O
2
B. C
4
H
6
C. C
4
H
10
D. C
3
H
8
O
2
Cu 15. t chy hp cht hu c A (Cha C, H, O) phi dng 1 lng oxi bng 8 ln lng oxi c
trong A v thu c lng CO
2
v H
2
O theo t l khi lng m
CO2
: m
H2O
= 22 : 9. Bit t khi hi ca X so
vi H
2
l 29. CTPT ca X l:
A. C
2
H
6
O
2
B. C
2
H
6
O C. C
3
H
6
O D. C
3
H
6
O
2
Cu 16: t chy hon ton1,12 gam hp cht hu c A ri cho hp thton b sn phm chy trong
dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thy khi lng bnh cha tng 3,36 gam. Bit n
CO2
= 1,5.n
H2O
v t khi hi ca A
i vi H
2
nh hn 30. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
3
H
4
O B. C
3
H
4
O
2
C. C
6
H
8
O
2
D. C
6
H
8
O
Cu 17: t chy hon ton a gam 1 hirocacbon A mch h. Sn phm chy cdn qua bnh cha
nc vi trong c d, thu c 3 gam kt ta, ng thi bnh nng thm 1,68 gam. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
2
H
6
B. C
3
H
8
C. C
3
H
4
D. C
2
H
2
Cu 18: Cho 5 cm
3
C
x
H
y
th kh vi 30 cm
3
O
2
(ly d) vo kh nhin k. Sau khi bt tia la in v
lm lnh, trong kh nhin k cn 20 cm
3
m 15 cm
3
b hp th bi dung dch KOH. Phn cn li b hp th
bi photpho. CXTPT ca hirocacbon l:
A. CH
4
B. C
2
H
6
C. C
3
H
8
D. C
4
H
10
Cu 19: Cho vo kh nhin k 10 cm
3
cht hu c A (cha C, H, N), 25 cm
3
H
2
v 40 cm
3
O
2
. Bt tia la
in cho hn hp n. Chuyn hn hp kh nhn c v iu kin ban u , H
2
O ngng t ht, thu c 20
cm
3
hn hp kh, trong c 10 cm
3
b NaOH hp th v 5 cm
3
b photpho hp th. CTPT ca A l:
A. CH
5
N B. C
2
H
7
N C. C
3
H
9
N D. C
4
H
11
N
11.2. Bi tp v hircacbon
a. Ton t chy
Cu 1: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp
i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thu c s gam kt ta l:
A. 20 B. 40 C. 30 D. 10
Cu 32: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh
(trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt CO
2
( ktc) 9,9 gam nc. Th tch khng kh
( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l:
A. 70 lt B. 78,4 lt C. 84,0 lt D. 56,0 lt
Cu 3: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirocacbon ng ng lin tip cn 1,35 mol O
2
to thnh 0,8
mol CO
2
, CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon l:
A. C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
B. C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
C. CH
4
, C
2
H
6
D. C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
trang 92
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 4: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol C
2
H
4
, ri cho sn phm chy hp th ht bi dung dch cha 0,15
mol Ba(OH)
2
. Dung dch thu c sau th nghim:
A. tng 7,3 gam B. gim 7,3 gam C. tng 12,4 gam D. gim 12,4 gam
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm C
2
H
6,
C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
c t khi so vi hiro bng 14. t chy hon ton 0,5 mol X
v dn ton b sn phm qua dung dch KOH d. Khi lng bnh tng:
A. 31 gam B. 62 gam C. 27 gam D. 32 gam
Cu 6: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hirocacbon (phn t khi hn km nhau 14 v C) thu c 5m
gam CO
2
v 3m gam H
2
O. CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon trn l:
A C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
6
B. C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
C. C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
D. C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
6
Cu 7: t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp X gm anken A v ankaien B (cng s nguyn t H) thu
c 1 mol CO
2
. CTPT ca A v B l:
A. C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
B. C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
6
C. C
4
H
8
, C
5
H
8
D. C
5
H
10
, C
6
H
10
Cu 8: t chy ankin A c 5,4 gam H
2
O v cho sn phm chy qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, dung
dch c khi lng gim so vi dung dch nc vi ban u l 19,8 gam. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
2
H
2
B. C
3
H
4
C. C
4
H
6
D. C
5
H
8
Cu 9: Trn a mol hn hp A (gm C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
) v b mol hn hp B (gm C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
) thu c
0,35 mol hn hp C ri em t chy, thu c hiu s mol H
2
O

v CO
2
l 0,2 mol. Gi tr ca a v b ln
lt l:
A. 0,1 v 0,25 B. 0,15 v 0,2 C. 0,2 v 0,15 D. 0,25 v 0,1
Cu 10: Hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon th kh c s nguyn t C trung bnh bng 3 v m
CO2
= 3m
X
.
Dy ng ng ca chng l:
A. ankan B. anken C. ankin D. aren
Cu 11: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 anken thu c (m + 14)g H
2
O v (m + 40)g CO
2
. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 4 gam B. 6 gam C. 8 gam D. kt qu khc
Cu 12: t chy hon ton V lt mt hirocacbon kh X trong bnh kn c d O
2
thu c 4V lt kh
CO
2
cng iu kin. Bit P
u
= P
sau p
(o 150
0
C). Vy X c CTPT l:
A. C
4
H
10
B. C
4
H
8
C. C
4
H
4
D. C
4
H
6
Cu 13: Hn hp 14 hirocacbon cng dy ng ng, c nh s theo chiu tng dn khi lng
phn t t X
1
n X
14
. Bit t khi hi ca X
14
i vi X
1
bng 7,5. t chy 0,1 mol X
2
ri dn sn phm
chy qua bnh nc vi trong d th khi lng bnh tng thm:
A. 18,6 gam B. 20,4 gam C. 16,8 gam D. 8,0 gam
Cu 14. Khi t chy hon ton cc ankan th ta c T = n
CO2
: n
H2O
. T bin i trong khong:
A. 1 T < 1,5 B. 0,75 T < 1 C. 0,5 T < 1 D. 1,5 T < 2
Cu 15: Nung nng hn hp X (dng hi v kh) gm: 0,1 mol bezen, 0,2 mol toluen, 0,3 mol stiren v
1,4 mol hiro trong mt bnh kn (xt Ni). Hn hp sau phn ng em t chy hon ton ri hp th ht sn
phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi c d. Khi lng bnh ng nc vi tng ln.
A. 240,8 gam B. 260,2 gam C. 193, 6 gam D. kt qu khc
b. Phn ng cng vo hircacbon
Cu 1: Hn hp A gm C
n
H
2n
v H
2
(ng s mol) dn qua Ni nung nng thu c hn hp B. T khi
ca B so vi A l 1,6. Hiu sut phn ng hiro ho l:
A. 40% B. 60% C. 65% D. 75%
Cu 2: 8,6 gam hn hp X gm hirocacbon A (mch h, th kh) v H
2
tc dng va vi 0,4 mol
Br
2
trong dung dch, cn khi t chy hon ton X to ra 0,6 mol CO
2
. CTPT ca A v % th tch ca A l:
A. C
3
H
4
; 40% B. C
4
H
8
; 40% C. C
3
H
4
; 60% D. C
4
H
6
; 50%
Cu 3: Mt hn hp A gm hai olefin th kh l ng ng k tip nhau. Cho 1,792 lt hn hp A (
O
0
C v 2,5 atm) qua bnh ng dung dch brm d, ngi ta thy khi lng ca bnh brm tng thm 7
gam. CTPT ca cc olefin v thnh phn % v th tch ca hn hp A l:
A. C
2
H
4
, 50% v C
3
H
6
, 50% B. C
3
H
6
, 25% v C
4
H
8
, 75%
C. C
4
H
8
, 60% v C
5
H
10
, 40% D. C
5
H
10
, 50% v C
6
H
12
, 50%
Cu 4: Chia hn hp 2 anken thnh 2 phn bng nhau. t chy hon ton phn mt trong khng kh
thu c 6,3 gam H
2
O. Phn hai cng H
2
c hn hp A. Nu t chy hon ton phn hai th th tch CO
2
(ktc) to ra l:
A. 3,36 lt B. 7,84 lt C. 6,72 lt D. 8,96 lt
trang 93
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 5: Hn hp A gm hai ankin. Nu t chy ht m gam hn hp A ri cho sn phm chy hp th
vo bnh ng nc vi d th khi lng bnh tng 27,24 gam v trong bnh c 48 gam kt ta. Khi lng
brm cn dng phn ng cng va m gam hn hp A l:
A. 22,4 gam B. 44,8 gam C. 51,2 gam D. 41,6 gam
Cu 6: Hn hp A gm 0,3 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
. un nng hn hp A c Ni lm xc tc, thu c
hn hp B. Hn hp B lm mt mu va 2 lt dung dch Br
2
0,075M. Hiu sut phn ng gia etilen v
hiro l:
A. 75% B. 50% C. 60% D. 80%
Cu 7: Nung 0,04 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,05 mol H
2
vi Ni nung nng (H = 100%) c hn hp X gm 3 cht,
dn X qua dung dch Ag
2
O/NH
3
d, c 2,4 gam kt ta. S mol cht c phn t khi ln nht trong X l:
A. 0,02 B. 0,01 C. 0,03 D. 0,015
Cu 8: Trong mt bnh kn cha hn hp gm hirocacbon A v hiro c Ni xc tc (th tch khng
ng k). Nung nng bnh 1 thi gian thu c 1 kh B duy nht cng nhit , p sut trong bnh trc
khi nung nng gp 3 ln p sut sau khi nung nng. t chy 1 lng B thu c 8,8 gam CO
2
v 5,4 gam
H
2
O. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
2
H
4
B. C
2
H
2
C. C
3
H
4
D. C
4
H
4
Cu 9: Mt bnh kn ng hn hp hiro vi axetilen v mt t bt Ni. Nung nng bnh 1 thi gian sau
a v nhit ban u. Nu cho mt na kh trong bnh sau khi nung nng i qua dung dch Ag
2
O/NH
3
d th c 1,2 gam kt ta vng nht. Nu cho na cn li qua bnh dung dch brm d thy khi lng bnh
tng 0,41 gam. Lng etilen to ra sau phn ng cng H
2
l:
A. 0,56 gam B. 0,13 gam C. 0,28 gam D. 0,26 gam
Cu 10: Cho 0,6 mol hn hp A gm C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
6
v H
2
qua Ni nung nng thu c 0,3 mol 1 kh duy
nht. T khi hi ca A so vi H
2
v % C
2
H
2
trong A l:
A. 7,5 v 75% B. 7,5 v 25% C. 6,5 v 75% D. 6,5 v 25%
Cu 11: Mt hn hp X gm 2 anken A, B k tip nhau trong dy ng ng c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 16,625. Cho vo bnh mt t bt Ni v H
2
d nung nng 1 thi gian sau a bnh v nhit ban
u th thy p sut trong bnh bng 7/9 so vi p sut u v c hn hp Z. Bit rng kh nng tc dng
vi H
2
ca mi anken l nh nhau. CTPT ca A, B v % anken phn ng l:
A. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
; 27,58% B. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
; 28,57%
C. C
2
H
6
v C
4
H
8
; 27,58% D. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
; 28,57%
Cu 12: em trng hp 5,2 gam stiren, hn hp sau phn ng cho tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch brm
0,15M sau tip tc cho thm KI d vo th c 0,635 gam iot. Hiu sut phn ng trng hp l:
A. 75% B. 25% C. 80% D. 90%
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm etin, propin v metan. t 11 gam X thu c 12,6 gam H
2
O. Cn 11,2 dm
3
(ktc) X th phn ng va vi dung dch cha 100 gam brm. Thnh phn % th tch etin trong X l:
A. 50% B. 40% C. 30% D. 25%
Cu 14: Cho 12 lt hn hp X gm hiro, etan v axetilen qua bt Ni, t
0
thu c 6 lt mt cht kh duy
nht. T khi hi ca X so vi heli l:
A. 3,75 B. 4,0 C. 4,5 D. 4,75
c. Phn ng th vo hircacbon
Cu 1: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hirocacbon A, thu c 0,6 mol CO
2
v 0,3 mol H
2
O. Cng 0,1
mol A cho tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
th thu c 29,2 gam kt ta c mu
vng nht. A l:
A. 3-metyl penta-1,4ilin B. Hexa-1,5-ilin
C. Hexa-1,3-ien-5-in D. C A, B ng
Cu 2: Ly 97,5 gam benzen em nitro ho, thu c nitrobenzen (hiu sut 80%). em lng
nitrobenzen thu c kh bng hiro nguyn t mi sinh bng cch cho nitrobenzen tc dng vi bt st
trong dung dch HCl c d (hiu sut 100%) thu c cht hu c X. Khi lng cht X thu c l:
A. 93,00 gam B. 129,50 gam C. 116,25 gam D. 103,60 gam.
Cu 3: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
6
H
6
. Bit 1 mol X tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
d to ra 292
gam cht kt ta. Khi cho X tc dng vi H
2
d (Ni, t
0
) thu c 3-metylpentan. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HC C C C CH
2
CH
3
B. HC C CH
2
CH = CH
2
C. HC C CH(CH
3
) C CH D. HC C CH(CH
2
) CH = C = CH
2
trang 94
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 4: Hn hp X gm propin v ng ng A trn theo t l mol 1:1. Cho 0,672 lt hn hp X (ktc)
tc dng va ht vi 45 ml dung dch AgNO
3
1M trong NH
3
. CTPT ca A l:
A. CH CH B. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
C CH
C. CH
3
CH
2
C CH D. CH C CH
2
C CH
Cu 5: Nitro ho benzen thu c 2 cht X, Y km nhau 1 nhm NO
2
. t chy hon ton 19,4 gam
hn hp X, Y thu c CO
2
, H
2
O v 2,24 lt N
2
(ktc). CTCT ng ca X, Y l:
A. C
6
H
5
NO
2
v C
6
H
4
(NO
2
)
2
B. C
6
H
4
(NO
2
)
2
v C
6
H
3
(NO
2
)
3
C. C
6
H
3
(NO
2
)
3
v C
6
H
2
(NO
2
)
4
D. C
6
H
5
NO
2
v C
6
H
3
(NO
2
)
3
Cu 6: Cht A c cng thc phn t C
7
H
8
. Cho A tc dng vi Ag
2
O/NH
3
c kt ta B. Khi lng
phn t B ln hn A l 214 vC. S ng phn tho mn iu kin trn l:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Cu 7: Dn 4,48 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X gm propin v but-2-in li tht chm qua bnh ng dung dch
AgNO
3
/NH
3
d thy c 14,7 gam kt ta vng nht. Thnh phn % v th tch ca mi kh trong X l:
A. 80% v 20% B. 20% v 80% C. 50% v 50% D. 605 v 40%
Cu 8: A l mt hirocacbon mch h. t chy A thu c s mol CO
2
gp i s mol H
2
O. Mt khc
0,05 mol A phn ng va ht vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
thu c 7,95 gam kt ta. CTCT ca A l:
A. CH CH B. CH C CH = CH
2
C. CH C CH
2
CH
3
D. CH C CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
Cu 9: Cho 0,04 mol hn hp 2 hirocacbon ng phn (s > 2) qua dd Ag
2
O/NH
3
d thy bnh tng
1,35 gam v c 4,025 gam kt ta. CTPT ca hirocacbon l:
A. C
4
H
6
B. C
5
H
10
C. C
6
H
10
D. C
4
H
4
Cu 10: Khi cho hirocacbon X tc dng vi Br
2
thu c 1 dn xut brm, trong dn xut cha
brm nhiu nht c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 101. S ng phn dn xut cha brm l:
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
Cu 11: Cho m gam hirocacbon A thuc dy ng ng ca metan tc dng vi clo c chiu sng, ch
thu c mt dn xut clo duy nht B vi khi lng 8,52 gam. trung ho ht kh HCl sinh ra, cn va
80 mldung dch KOH 1M. CTPT ca A, B ln lt l:
A. C
5
H
12
v C
5
H
11
Cl B. C
5
H1
2
v C
5
H
10
Cl
2
C. C
4
H
10
v C
4
H
9
Cl D. C
4
H
10
v C
4
H
8
Cl
2
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon A, B mch h thuc cng dy ng ng (hn km nhau 2C).
t chy hon ton hn hp X thu c 6,16 gam CO
2
v 1,62 gam nc. Mt khc cho hn hp X tc dng
vi dung dch Ag
2
O/NH
3
d thu c 10,42 gam kt ta. CTCT ng ca A, B ln lt l:
A. CH CH v CH
3
C C CH
3
B. CH CH v CH C CH
2
CH
3
C. . CH CH v CH
3
C CH D. CH
3
C CH v CH
3
C C CH
3
Cu 13: Cho 2,2 gam C
3
H
8
tc dng vi 3,55 gam Cl
2
thu c 2 sn phm th monoclo X v iclo Y
vi khi lng m
X
= 1,3894 m
Y
. Sau khi cho hn hp kh cn li sau phn ng (khng cha X, Y) i qua
dung dch NaOH d, cn li 0,448 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Khi lng ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. 1,27 gam v 1,13 gam B. 1,13 gam v 1,27 gam
C. 1,13 gam v 1,57 gam D. 1,57 gam v 1,13 gam
Cu 14: t chy hon ton hirocacbon X thu c V
co2
: V
h2o
=2,5 ( cng iu kin). Bit 6,4 g X
phn ng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
(d) c 27,8g kt ta. CTCT ca X l:
A. CH
2
= C = CH C CH B. CH C CH
2
C CH
C. CH
3
C C CH
2
C CH D. CH
3
C C CH
2
C CH
Cu 15: Hn hp X gm etan, eten v propin. Cho 6,12g X vo dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
d thu c
7,35g kt ta. Mt khc 2.128 lt X (dktc) phn ng vi dung dch Br
2
1M thy dng ht 70ml dung dch (to
sn phm no). Khi lng ca eten trong 6,12g X l:
A. 1,12 gam B. 2,24 gam
C. 0,42 gam D. 0,56 gam
d. Ton v phn ng crckinh
Cu 1: Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o
cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 12. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C
6
H
14
B. C
3
H
8
C. C
4
H
10
D. C
5
H
12
Cu 2: Ba hirocacbon X,Y,Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng
phn t ca X. Cc cht X,Y,Z thuc dy ng ng:
A.ankan B.ankaien C. anken D.ankin
trang 95
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 3: Nhit phn metan thu c hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
, CH
4
v H
2
. T khi hi ca so vi H
2
bng 5.
Hiu sut qu trnh nhit phn l:
A. 50% B. 60% C. 70% D. 80%
Cu 4: thc hin phn ng crackinh hon ton m gam isobutan, thu c hn hp A gm hai
hirocacbon. Cho hn hp A i qua dung dch nc brom c ho tan 11,2 gam Br
2
. Brom b mt mu hon
ton. C 2,912 lt kh (ktc) thot ra khi bnh brom, kh ny c t khi so vi CO
2
bng 0,5. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,22gam B. 6,96gam C. 5,80gam D. 4,64gam
Cu 5: Thc hin phn ng hiro ho hn hp M gm etan v propan thu c hn hp N gm bn
hirocacbon v hiro.Gi d l t khi ca M so vi N. Nhn xt no sau y l ng?
A. 0 < d < 1 B. d > 1 C. d = 1 D. 1 < d < 2
e. Ton tnh hiu sut.
Cu 1: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t xenluloz v axit nitric c c xc tc axit sunfuric c,
nng. c 29,7 kg xenluloz trinitrat, cn dng dung dch cha m kg axit nitric (hiu sut phn ng t
90%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 42kg B. 10kg C.30 kg D.21 kg
Cu 2: Cho 2,5 kg glucoz cha 20% tp cht ln men thnh ancol etylic. Nu trong qu trnh ch bin
ancol b hao ht mt 10% thi lng ancol thu c l:
A. 2 kg B. 1,8 kg C. 1,92 kg D. 1,23 kg
Cu 3: C th iu ch c bao nhiu tn axit axetic, t 120 tn canxi cacbua c cha 8% tp cht, vi
hiu sut ca qu trnh l l 80%.
A.113,6 tn B. 80,5 tn C.110,5 tn D. 82,8 tn
Cu 4: T etilen iu ch axit axetic, hiu sut qu trnh iu ch l 80%. thu c 1,8kg axit axetic
th th tch etilen o (ktc) cn dng l:
A. 537,6 lt B. 840 lt C. 876 lt D. 867 lit
Cu 5: un 12 gam axit axetic vi mt lng d ancol etylic (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) n phn ng t
trng thi cn bng th thu c11,00g este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l:
A.70% B.75% C.62,5% D.50%
Cu 6: Cn bao nhiu m
3
kh thin nhin ( ktc) (CH
4
chim 95%) iu ch 1 tn PVC theo s
chuyn ho nh sau:
CH
4

% 15 H
C
2
H
2

% 95 H
C
2
H
3
Cl
% 90 H
PVC
A. 419,181 m
3
B. 5309,626 m
3
C. 5589,08 m
3
D. 5889,242 m
3
Cu 7: T 100 gam bezen c th iu ch c bao nhiu gam phenol. Bit hiu sut ca ton b qu
trnh l 93,6 %.
A. 112,8 gam B. 120,5 gam C. 128,75 gam D. 105,6 gam
Cu 8: Ngi ta iu ch anilin bng cch nitro ho 500 gam bezen ri kh hp cht nitro sinh ra. Khi
lng anilin thu c l bao nhiu nu hiu sut mi giai on u l 78 %.
A. 346,7 gam B. 362,7 gam C. 463,4 gam D. 358,7 gam.
Cu 9: un nng axit axetic vi ancol (CH
3
)
2
CH - CH
2
- CH
2
OH c H
2
SO
4
c xc tc thu c
isoamyl axetat (du chui) Tnh lng du chui thu c t 132,35 gam axit axetic un nng vi 200 gam
ancol isoamylic. Bit hiu sut phn ng t 68 %.
A. 195 gam B. 192,0 gam C. 292,5 gam D. 159,0 gam
Cu 10: Oxi ho 2 mol ru metylic anehit focmic bng oxi khng kh trong mt bnh kn, bit hiu
sut phn ng oxi ho l 80%, ri cho 36,4 gam nc vo bnh dd X nng % anehit focmic trong dd X
l:
A. 58,875 % B. 38,095% C. 42,405% D. 36,405%
Cu 11: Cho hn hp gm khng kh d v hi ca 24 gam metanol i qua cht xc tc Cu un nng
thu c 40 ml focmalin 36% c khi lng ring l 1,1g/ml. Hiu sut ca qu trnh trn l:
A. 80,4% B. 70,4% C. 65,5% D. 76,6%.
Cu 12: Cho s :
G
% 35 H
C
6
H
12
O
5

% 80 H
2C
2
H
5
OH
% 60 H
C
4
H
6

% 80 H
Cao su Buna
Khi lng g sn xut 1 tn cao su l:
A. 24,797 tn B. 12,4 tn C. 1 tn D. 22,32 tn
Cu 13: Glucoz ln men thnh ancol etylic, ton b kh sinh ra c cho vo dung dch nc vi trong
d tch ra 40 gam kt ta. Hiu sut ln men t 75%. Khi lng glucz cn dng l:
A. 24 gam B. 40 gam C. 50 gam D. 48 gam
trang 96
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 14: Dng 340,1 kg xenluloz 420 kg HNO
3
nguyn cht c th thu c bao nhiu tn xenluloz
trinitrat, bit s hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 20%:
A. 0,75 tn B. 0,6 tn C. 0,5 tn D. 0,85 tn
Cu 15: un 5,75 gam etanol vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
0
C. Dn cc sn phm kh v hi ln lt qua bnh
cha ring r cc cht: CuSO
4
khan, dung dch NaOH , dung dch (d) brm trong CCl
4
. Sau th nghim,
khi lng bnh cui cng tng thm 2,1 gam. Hiu sut chung ca qu trnh hirat ho etanol l:
A. 59% B. 55% C. 60% D. 70%
Cu 16: Dn hn hp kh H
2
v 3,92 lt (ktc) hi CH
3
CHO qua ng Ni nung nng. Hn hp cc cht
sau phn ng c lm lnh v cho tc dng hon ton vi Na thy thot ra 1,84 lt kh ( 27
0
C, 1atm). Hiu
sut ca phn ng kh anehit l:
A. 60,33% B. 85,43% C. 84,22% D. 75,04%
Cu 17: Dn hi ca 0,3 gam etanol i vo ng s nung nng ng bt CuO d. Lm lnh ngng t
sn phm hi i ra khi ng s, c cht lng X. Khi X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
/NH
3
thy xut hin 8,1 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca qu trnh oxi ho etanol l:
A. 55,7% B. 60% C 57,5% D. 75%
Cu 18: Khi lng axit cha trong gim n thu c khi ln men 100 lt ancol etylic 8
0
thnh gim n
l bao nhiu gam, bit khi lng ring ca ancol etylic l 0,8g/ml v gi s phn ng ln men gim t hiu
sut 80%
A. 8347,8 gam B. 6678,3 gam C. 6778,3 gam D. 8437,8 gam.
11.3 Bi tp v hp cht hu c c nhm chc
a. Bi tp v ancol, phenol, dn xut halogen.
+ Dng 1: Bin lun CTPT.
Cu 1: Ancol no, a chc mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (CH
3
O)
n
. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. CH
4
B. C
3
H
8
O
3
C. C
2
H
6
O
2
D. C
4
H
12
O
4
Cu 2: Ba ancol X, Y, Z c khi lng phn t khc nhau v u bn. t chy mi cht u sinh ra
CO
2
v H
2
O theo t l mol n
CO2
: n
H2O
= 3 : 4. CTPT ca 3 ancol ln lt l:
A. C
2
H
6
O, C
3
H
8
O, C
4
H
10
O B. C
3
H
8
O, C
3
H
8
O
2
, C
3
H
8
O
3
C. C
3
H
8
O, C
4
H
8
O, C
5
H
8
O D. C
3
H
6
O, C
3
H
6
O
2
, C
3
H
6
O
3
+ Dng 2: Phn ng th nguyn t hiro linh ng
Cu 3: Cho 15,6 gam hn hp 2 ancol (ru) n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht
vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l:
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
C. C
3
H
5
OH v C
4
H
7
OH D. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH
Cu 4: Cho 7,6 gam hn hp 2 ancol n chc tc dng ht vi Na. Sau phn ng thu c 10,9 gam
cht rn v V lt H
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 2,24 B. 5,6 C. 1,68 D. 3,36
Cu 5: Cho 6,44 gam hn hp 2 ancol tc dung ht vi K thy thot ra 1,792 lt H
2
( ktc) v thu c
m gam mui kali ancolat. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11,56 B. 12,52 C. 15,22 D. 12,25
+ Dng 3: Phn ng tch nc.
Cu 6: Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ru (ancol) X ch thu c 1 anken duy nht. Oxi ho
hon ton mtj lng cht X thu c 5,6 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 5,4 gam nc. C bao nhiu CTCT ph hp
vi X:
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
Cu 7: un nng hn hp gm hai ru (ancol) n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
0
C. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 6 gam hn hp gm 3 este v 1,8 gam nc.
Cng thc phn t ca hai ru trn l:
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
C. C
3
H
5
OH v C
4
H
7
OH D. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH
Cu 8: un nng mt ru (ancol) n chc X vi dd H
2
SO
4
c trong iu kin nhit thch hp sinh
ra cht hu c Y, t khi hi ca X so vi Y l 1,6428. CTPT ca X l
A. C
3
H
8
O B. C
2
H
6
O C. CH
4
O D. C
4
H
8
O
+ Dng 4: Phn ng oxi ho
trang 97
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 9: Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no , in chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d) un nng. Sau khi phn
ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c ty khi i vi H
2
l
15,5. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 0,92 B. 0,32 C. 0,64 D. 0,46
Cu 10: Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng) sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton
Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 29). CTCT ca X l:
A. CH
3
CH(OH) CH
3
B. CH
3
CH(OH) CH
2
CH
3
C. CH
3
CO CH
3
D. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH
Cu 11: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ru (anco) no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc
dng vi CuO (d) nung nng thu c 1 hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H
2
l
13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d Ag
2
O (hoc AgNO
3
) trong dd NH
3
un nng sinh ra 64,8
gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 7,8 B. 8,8 C. 7,4 D. 9,2
+ Dng 5: Phn ng t chy
Cu 12: t chy hon 0,92 gam 1 ancol n chc A thu c 0,896 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 1,08 gam H
2
O.
Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C
2
H
6
O B. CH
4
O C. C
2
H
6
O
2
D. C
3
H
8
O
3
Cu 13: t chy hon ton 1 ancol no n chc A thu c 4,4 gam CO
2
. Th tch oxi (ktc) cn
t chy ancol A l:
A. 2,24 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 6,72 lt
Cu 14: t chy hon ton 1 ru (ancol) a chc, mch h X thu c H
2
O

v

CO
2
vi t s mol
tng ng l 3 : 2. CTPT ca X l:
A. C
2
H
6
O
2
B. C
2
H
6
O C. C
3
H
8
O
2
D. C
4
H
10
O
2
Cu 15: X l mt ancol (ru) no mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c
hi nc v 6,6 gam CO
2
. Cng thc ca X l:
A. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
B. C
3
H
7
OH C. C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
D. C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
Dng 6: Bi tp v phenol - ancol
Cu 16: Khi t 0,1 mol 1 cht X (dn xut ca benzen) khi lng CO
2
thu c nh hoan 35,2 gam.
Bit rng 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. CTCT thu gn ca X l:
A. C
2
H
5
C
6
H
4
OH B. HOC
6
H
4
CH
2
OH
C. HOCH
2
C
6
H
4
COOH D. C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
Cu 17: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C
7
H
8
O
2
tc dng c vi
Na v NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H
2
thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng
v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1 : 1. CTCT thu gn ca X l: A.
C
6
H
5
CH(OH)
2
B. HOC
6
H
4
CH
2
OH C. CH
3
C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
D. CH
3
OC
6
H
4
OH
b. Bi tp v anhit - xtn.
Cu 1: Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag
2
O (hoc AgNO
3
)
trong dung dch NH
3
un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO
3
c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO
2
( sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l:
A. C
3
H
7
CHO B. HCHO C. C
2
H
5
CHO D. C
4
H
9
CHO
Cu 2: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag
2
O( hoc
AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh
l:
A. 43,2 gam B.10,8 gam C. 64,8 gam D. 21,6 gam
Cu 3: t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O. Nu cho X tc dng
vi lng d Ag
2
O ( hoc AgNO
3
) trong dung dch NH
3
, sinh ra s mol Ag gp 4 ln s mol X phn ng.
Cng thc ca X l:
A. HCHO B. CH
3
CHO C. (CHO)
2
D. C
2
H
5
CHO
Cu 4: Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton
Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH
3
CH(OH) CH
3
B.CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
C. CH
3
COCH
3
D. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH
trang 98
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 5: Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n cbc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O)
trong dd NH
3
un nng lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO
3
long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). CTCT thu gn ca X l:
A. CH
3
CHO B. HCHO C. CH
3
CH
2
CHO D. CH
2
= CHCHO
Cu 6: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng f AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O) trong dd NH
3,
un nng thu
c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. CTCT thu
gn ca X l:
A. HCHO B. CH
3
CHO C.OHCCHO D.CH
3
CH(OH)CHO
Cu 7: t chy hon ton a mol 1 anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO
2
v c mol H
2
O (bit b = a + c).
Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit:
A. no, n chc B. khng no, c 2 ni i n chc
C. khng no, c mt ni i, n chc D. no, hai chc
Cu 8: Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,2 gam 1 anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng, cng thc
ca anehit l:
A. HCHO B. C
2
H
3
CHO C. C
2
H
5
CHO D. CH
3
CHO
Cu 9: Oxi ho 4,48 lt C
2
H
4
( ktc) bng O
2
(xc tc PdCl
2
, CuCl
2
) thu c cht X n chc. Ton b
lng cht X trn cho tc dung vi HCl d th c 7,1 gam CH
3
CH(CN)OH (xianohirin) hiu sut qu
trnh to CH
3
CH(CN)OH t C
2
H
4
l:
A. 70% B. 50% C. 60% D. 80%
Cu 10: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp 2 anehit n chc, lin tip trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d
Ag
2
O/NH
3
thu c 37,8 gam Ag. CTPT ca 2 aneht l:
A. CH
2
O v C
2
H
4
O B. C
2
H
4
O v C
3
H
6
O C. C
3
H
4
O v C
4
H
6
O D. C
3
H
6
O v C
4
H
8
O
Cu 11: Mt cht hu c X (C
x
H
y
O
z
) c t khi so vi metan l 4,25. Bit 0,2 mol X tc dng va vi
0,3 mol Ag
2
O/NH
3
(0,6 mol AgNHO
3
/NH
3
) thu c 43,2 gam Ag. CTCT ca X l:
A. HC C CH
2
CHO B. H
3
C C C CHO
C. H
2
C = C = CH- CHOD. HCOO CH
2
C CH
Cu 12: t chy 1 mol hn hp X gm 1 ancol n chc v 1 anehit n chc cn 76,16 lt O
2
(ktc)
v to ra 54 gam H
2
O. T khi hi ca hn hp X so ci H
2
l:
A. 32,4 B. 35,6 C. 28,8 D. 25,4
Cu 13: Hn hp A gm anehit fomic v anehit axetic, oxi ho hon ton hn hp A thu c hn
hp B gm 2 axit. T khi hi ca B so vi A l d. Khong gi tr ca d l:
A. 0,9 < d < 1,2 B. 1,5 < d < 1,8 C.
11
15
< d <
15
23
D.
30
38
< d <
23
31
Cu 14: Cho 0,92 gam hn h gm C
2
H
2
v CH
3
CHO tc dng va vi dung dch Ag
2
O/NH
3
thu
c 5,64 gam hn hp rn. Phn trm khi lng ca C
2
H
2
v CH
3
OH ln lt l:
A. 40% v 60% B. 28,26% v 71,74% C. 60% v 40% D. 25,73% v 74,27%
Cu 15: Oxi ho 6 gam ancol n chc X thu c 8,4 gam hn hp gm anehit Y, ancol d v H
2
O.
Hiu sut phn ng v cng thc phn t ca anehit Y l:
A. 80% v HCHO B. 80% v CH
3
CHO C. 85% v HCHO D. 85% v CH
3
CHO
Cu 16: Hirat ho axetilen thu c hn hp A gm 2 cht hu c, t khi hi ca A so vi H
2
l: 20,2.
Hiu sut phn ng hirat ho axetilen l:
A. 70% B. 75% C. 80% D. 85%
Cu 17: Hn hp A gm 2 anehit no n chc. Hir ho hon ton 0,2 mol A, ly sn phm B em
t chy hon ton thu c 12,6 gam H
2
O. Nu t chy 0,1 mol A th th tch CO
2
(ktc) thu c l:
A. 11,2 lt B. 5,6 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 7,84 lt
Cu 18: Mt hn hp gm 2 ankanal c tng s mol 0,25 mol. Khi hn hp ny tc dng vi dd
AgNO
3
/NH
3
d th c 86,4 gam kt ta v khi lng gim 76,1 gam. Vy 2 ankanal l:
A. HCHO v CH
3
CHO B. HCHO v C
2
H
5
CHO
C. HCHO v C
3
H
7
CHO D. CH
3
CHO v C
2
H
5
CHO
c. Bi tp v axit cacbxilic
Cu 1: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxilic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dd gm KOH 0,12M
v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dd thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. CTPT ca X la:
A: C
2
H
5
COOH B. CH
3
COOH C. HCOOH D. C
3
H
7
COOH
trang 99
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH
3
COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc
dng vi 5,75 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca phn ng
este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,12 B. 6,48 C. 8,10 D. 16,20
Cu 3: Cho 10,6 gam hn hp 2 axit hu c ng ng ca nhau tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
d th thu
c 21,6 gam Ag. Mt khc cho lng hn hp trn tc dng vi NaOH th cn 200 ml NaOH 1M. CTCT
thu gn ca 2 axit l:
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH B. HCOOH v C
2
H
5
COOH
C. HCOOH v C
3
H
7
COOH D. HCOOH v C
4
H
9
COOH
Cu 4: t chy 4,1 gam mui Na ca axit hu c no n chc mch h cn 3,2 gam oxi. Cng thc
ca mui tng ng l:
A. HCOONa B. CH
3
COONa C. C
2
H
5
COONa D. C
3
H
7
COONa
Cu 5: 0,1 mol axit A tc dng va vi 0,2 mol NaHCO
3
. t chy 0,1 mol A th khi lng H
2
O
vt qu 3,6 gam. CTCT thu gn ca axit l:
A. CH
3
CH
2
COOH B. HOOC C C COOH
C. HOOC CH = CH COOH D. HOOC CH
2
CH
2
COOH
Cu 6: t chy a gam ancol etylic hoc b gam axit axetic u thu c 0,2 mol CO
2
. Trn a gam ancol
etylic vi b gam axit axetic, ri thc hin phn ng este ho, bit hiu sut 60% th khi lng este thu c
l:
A. 8,8 gam B. 5,28 gam C. 10,6 gam D. 10,56 gam
Cu 7: iu ch 45 gam axit lactic t tinh bt qua con ng ln men lactic, hiu sut phn ng thu
phn tinh bt v ln men lactic tng ng l 90% v 80%. Khi lng tinh bt cn dng l:
A. 50 gam B. 60 gam C. 56,25 gam D. 56 gam
Cu 8: Cht hu c A cha cc nhm chc c nguyn t H linh ng. A b oxi ho bi CuO un nng
to anehit. Ly 13,5 gam A phn ng va vi NaOH c 16,8 gam mui khan. CTCT ca A l:
A. HO CH
2
CH
2
COOH B. CH
3
CH(OH) COOH
C. CH
2
(OH) CH(OH) COOH D. HO CH
2
CH(COOH)
2
Cu 9: Hn hp X gm 2 axit no, mch thng X
1
v X
2
. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol X thu c 11,2 lt
kh CO
2
(ktc). trung ho 0,3 mol X cn 500 ml dd NaOH 1M. CTCT ca axit l:
A. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
COOH B. HCOOH, C
2
H
5
COOH
C. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH D. CH
3
COOH, HOOC-CH
2
-COOH
Cu 10: Trung ho hon ton 16,6 gam hn hp 5 axit n chc trong dy ng ng cn 300 ml dd
NaOH 1M, c cn dd sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 23,2 gam B. 25,2 gam C. 36 gam D.khng d kin tnh
Cu 11: Hn hp X gm 2 axit hu c n chc thuc cng mt dy ng ng. Ho hi m gam X
nhit 136,5
0
C. Trong bnh kn c th tch 0,56 lt th p sut hi X l 1,5 atm. Nu t chy m gam X th
thu c 1,65 gam CO
2
. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 1,325 gam B. 1,275 gam C. 1,225 gam D. 1,527 gam.
d. Bi tp v este, lipit
+ Dng 1: t chy este
Cu 1: t chy hon ton 1,48 gam este A thu c 2,64 gam CO
2
v 1,08 gam H
2
O. CTPT ca A l:
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
B. C
3
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
4
O
2
D. C
4
H
8
O
2
Cu 2: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt cht hu c X cn 4,48 lt kh oxi (ktc) thu c n
CO2
: n
H2O
= 1
: 1. Bit rng X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to ra hai cht hu c. CTCT ca X l:
A. HCOOC
3
H
7
B. HCOOCH
3
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 7,4 gam mt este X thu c 13,2 gam CO
2
v 5,4 gam H
2
O. Bit rng X
trng gng c. CTCT ca X l:
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
B. HCOOCH
3
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. CH
3
COOCH
3
+ Dng 2: Da vo phn ng x phng ho
Cu 4: t chy hon ton 1 mol este X thu c 3 mol kh CO
2
, mt khc kh x phng ho 0,1 mol
este trn thu c 8,2 gam mui cha Na. CTCT ca X l:
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
B. HCOOCH
3
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. CH
3
COOCH
3
Cu 5: Thu phn mt este X c t khi hi i vi hiro l 44 th c mt mui natri c khi lng
bng 41/44 khi lng este. CTCT ca este l:
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
B. HCOOCH
3
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. CH
3
COOCH
3
trang 100
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 6: Thu phn 4,4 gam este n chc A bng 200 ml dd NaOH 0,25 M (va ) th thu c 3,4
gam mui hu c B. CTCT thu gn ca A l:
A. HCOOC
3
H
7
B. HCOOC
2
H
5
. C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
Cu 7: Cho 0,1 mol este A vo 50 gam dd NaOH 10% un nng n khi este phn ng hon ton (cc
cht bay hi khng ng k). Dung dch thu c c khi lng 58,6 gam. C cn dung dch thu c 10,4
gam cht rn khan. CTCT ca A l:
A. HCOOCH = CH
2
B. CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3
C. HCOOCH
2
CH = CH
2
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
Cu 8: Thu phn este A no n chc mch h bng dd NaOH thu c 1 mui hu c c khi lng
bng 41/37 khi lng ca A. CTCT thu gn ca A l:
A. HCOOCH
3
B. HCOOCH = CH
2
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. CH
3
COOCH
3
+ Dng 3: Hiu sut phn ng este ho - Hng s cn bng
Cu 9: Cho 3 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 2,5 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c, t
0
) th thu c 3,3
gam este. Hiu sut phn ng este ho l:
A. 70,2% B. 77,27% C. 75% D. 80%
Cu 10: Cho 6,6 gam axit axetic phn ng vi hn hp gm 4,04 gam ancol metylic v ancol etylic t l
2 : 3 v s mol (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c, t
0
) th thu c a gam hn hp este. Hiu sut chung l 60%. Gi tr ca
a l:
A. 4,944 B. 5,103 C. 4,44 D. 8,8
Cu 11: Khi thc hin phn ng este ha 1 mol CH
3
COOH v 1 mol C
2
H
5
OH, lng este ln nht thu
c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este ha 1 mol CH
3
COOH cn
s mol C
2
H
5
OH l (cc p este ha thc hin cng nhit )
A. 2,412 B. 0,342 C. 0,456 D. 2,925
+ Dng 4: Xc nh ch s axit, ch s x phng ho.
Cu 12: trung ho ht lng axit t do c trong 5,6 gam cht bo, ngi ta dng ht 6 ml dd KOH
1M. Ch s axit ca cht bo l:
A. 5 B. 3 C. 6 D. 4
Cu 13: trung ho ht 4 gam cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 cn mt lng NaOH l:
A. 0,028 gam B. 0,02 gam C. 0,28 gam D. 0,2 gam
Cu 14: Khi x phng ho hon ton 2,52 gam cht bo cn 90 ml dd KOH 0,1M. Ch s x phng ho
ca cht bo l:
A. 200 B. 190 C. 210 D. 180
e. Bi tp v amin, amino axit protit.
+ Dng 1: Bi tp v amin
Cu 1: Cho 9,3g 1 amin no n chc, bc 1 tc dng vi dung dch FeCl
2
d thu c 10,7g kt ta.
CTPT ca amin l:
A. CH
3
NH
2
B. C
2
H
5
NH
2
C. C
3
H
7
NH
2
D. C
4
H
9
NH
2
Cu 2: Cho 0,4 mol 1 amin no n chc tc dng vi dung dch HCl (va ) thu c 32,6g
mui.CTPT ca amin l:
A. CH
3
NH
2
B. C
2
H
5
NH
2
C. C
3
H
7
NH
2
D. C
4
H
9
NH
2
Cu 3: t chy hon ton amin no n chc,bc 1, mch h thu c t l mol CO
2
v H
2
O l 4: 7.
Tn gi ca amin l:
A. etyl amin B. imetyl amin C. etyl metyl amin D. propyl amin
Cu 4: t chy hon ton a mol amin no n chc thu c 13,2g CO
2
v 8,1g H
2
O. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,05 B. 0,1 C. 0,07 D. 0,2
Cu 5: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm 3 amin thu c 3,36 lt CO
2
(kct), 5,4 gam H
2
O v
11,2 lt N
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,6 B. 3,8 C. 4 D. 3,1
+ Dng 2: Bi tp v amino axit
Cu 6: Cho 0,01 mol amino axit A tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M.C cn dung dch
thu c 1,835g mui.Khi lng phn t ca A l:
A. 97 B. 120 C. 147 D. 157
trang 101
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 7: Cho 0,2 mol amino axit X phn ng va vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 2M thu c dung
dch A.Cho dung dch A phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH, sau phn ng c cn sn phm thu c
22,2g mui.X c tn gi l:
A. glixin B. alanin C. valin D. axit glutamic
Cu 8: Cho 8,9g mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N phn ng vi 100 ml dung dch
NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton,c cn dung dch thu c 111,7g cht rn.CTCT thu gn
ca X l:
A. HCOOH
3
NCH = CH
2
B. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOH
C. CH
2
= CHCOONH
4
D. H
2
NCH
2
COOCH
3
Cu 9: cho cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
2
H
8
O
3
N
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c cht
hu c n chc Y v cc cht v c.Khi lng phn t (theo vC) ca Y l:
A. 85 B. 68 C. 45 D. 46
Cu 10: Mui C
6
H
5
N
+
2
Cl
-
(phenyliazoni clorua) c sinh ra cho C
6
H
5
H
2
(anilin) tc dg vi NaNO
2
trong dd HCl nhit thp (O 5
0
C). iu ch c 14,05 gam C
6
H
5
N
+
2
Cl
-
(vi hiu sut 100%),
lng C
6
H
5
NH
2
v NaNO
2
cn dng va l
A. 0,1 mol v 0,4 mol B. 0,1 mol v 0,2 mol
C. 0,1 mol v 0,1 mol D. 0,1 mol v 0,3 mol
Cu 11: Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X tc dng va vi dd HCl sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c dd Y. Lm bay hi dd Y c 9,55 gam mui khan. S CTCT ng vi CTPT ca X l:
A. 5 B.4 C. 2 D. 3
Cu 12: Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc
dng va vi dd NaOH, c cn dd sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l:
A. H
2
NC
3
H
6
COOH B. H
2
NCH
2
COOH
C. H
2
NC
2
H
4
COOH D. H
2
NC
4
H
8
COOH
Cu 13: Khi t chy hon ton 1 amin n chc X thu c 8,4 lt kh CO
2
, 1,4 lt kh N
2
(cc th tch
kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H
2
O. CTPT ca X l:
A. C
3
H
7
N B. C
2
H
7
N C. C
3
H
9
N D. C
4
H
9
N
Cu 14: Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng CTPT C
2
H
7
NO
2
tc dng va vi dd NaOH v
un nng, thu c dd Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy qu m). T khi hi
ca Z i vi H
2
bng 13,75. C cn dd Y thu c khi lng mui khan l:
A. 16,5 gam B. 14,3 gam C. 8,9 gam D. 15,7 gam
Cu 15: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO
2
, 0,56 lt kh N
2
(cc kh
o ktc) v 3,15 gam H
2
O. Khi X tc dng vi dd NaOH thu c sn phm c mui H
2
N CH
2

COONa. CTCT thu gn ca X l:
A. H
2
N CH
2
COO C
3
H
7
B. H
2
N CH
2
COOCH
3
C. H
2
N CH
2
CH
2
COOH D. H
2
N

CH
2
COO C
2
H
5
Cu 16: Hp cht X c CTPT trng vi cng thc n gin nht, va tc dng c vi axit va tc
dng c vi kim trong iu kin thch hp. Trong phn t X, thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc
nguyn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449%; 7,865% v 15,73%, cn li l oxi. Khi cho 4,45 gam X phn ng
hon ton vi mt lng va dd NaOH (ung nng) thu c 4,85 mui khan. CTCT thu gn ca X l:
A. CH
2
= CHCOONH
4
B. H
2
N COOCH
2
CH
3
C. H
2
N CH
2
COOCH
3
D. H
2
NC
2
H
4
COOH
Cu 17: trung ho 25 gam dd ca mt amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn dng 100 ml dd HCl
1M. CTPT ca X l:
A. C
3
H
5
N B. C
2
H
7
N C. CH
5
N D. C
3
H
7
N
Cu 18: Cho 2,6 gam hn hp 2 amin no n chc l ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi dd HCl long
d. Sau phn ng c cn dd thu c 4,425 gam mui. CTPT ca 2 amin l:
A. CH
3
NH
2
v C
2
H
5
NH
2
B. C
2
H
5
NH
2
v C
3
H
7
NH
2
C. C
3
H
7
NH
2
v C
4
H
9
NH
2
D. C
4
H
9
NH
2
v C
5
H
11
NH
2
Cu 19: Hn hp X gm hai mui AlCl
3
v CuCl
2
. Ho tan hn hp X vo nc thu c 200 ml dd A.
Sc kh metyl amin ti d vo dd A thu c 11,7 gam kt ta. Mt khc cho t t dd NaOH ti d vo dd
A thu c 9,8 gam kt ta. Nng mol/l ca AlCl
3
v CuCl
2
trong dd A ln lt l:
A. 0,1M v 0,75M B. 0,5M v 0,75M
C. 0,75M v 0,5M D. 0,75M v 0,1M
Cu 20: Thc hin phn ng trng ngng hn hp gm glixin v alanin. S ipeptit c to ra r
glixin v alanin l:
trang 102
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
M un 13: MT S CNG THC GII NHANH
Vic nm cc cng thc ny s gip gii nhanh cc bi ton. y l cc bi ton thng gp trong
cc k thi i hc, m nu gii theo cch thng thng s lm th sinh mt nhiu thi gian.
1) Tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht lng CO
2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
hoc Ba(OH)
2
Cng thc
2
CO
OH
n n n


V d 1: Hp th ht 7,84 lt CO
2
(kc) vo 300ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu
c.
Gii
2
2
( )
0, 35
0, 6 0, 35 0, 25
0, 3
CO
Ba OH
n mol
n mol
n mol

m

= 197.0,25 = 49,25gam
Lu : y
2
0, 25 0, 35
CO
n mol n mol

<
, nn kt ta trn ph hp. Ta cn phi kim tra li v
nu Ba(OH)
2
dng d th khi
2
CO
n n


m khng ph thuc vo
OH
n
. Tm li, khi s dng cng thc
trn, cn nh iu kin rng buc gia
n

v
2
CO
n
l
2
CO
n n


.
2) Tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht mt lng CO
2
vo dung dch cha hn hp gm
NaOH v Ca(OH)
2
hoc Ba(OH)
2
Cng thc: Tnh
2
2
3
CO
CO OH
n n n


ri so snh vi 2
Ca
n
+ hoc 2
Ba
n
+ xem cht no phn ng ht.
V d 2: Hp th ht 6,72 lt CO
2
(kc) vo 300ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,6M.
Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.
2
2
3
2
( )
0, 3
0, 03 0, 39 0, 3 0, 09
0,18
CO
NaOH
CO
Ba OH
n mol
n mol n mol
n mol

M 2
0,18
Ba
n mol
+

nn n

= 0,09mol. Vy m

= 0,09.197 = 17,73gam.
Lu : Tng t nh cng thc trn, trong trung hp ny cng c iu kin rng buc gia
2
3
CO
n

v
2
CO
n
l
2
2
3
CO
CO
n n


.
3) Tnh th tch CO
2
cn hp th ht vo mt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
hoc Ba(OH)
2
thu c mt
lng kt ta theo yu cu
Dng ny c hai kt qu.
Cng thc
2
2
CO
CO
OH
n n
n n n

V d 3: Hp th ht V lt CO
2
(kc) vo 300ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M c 19,7g kt ta. Tm V
Gii
trang 103
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
2
2
0,1 2, 24
0, 6 0,1 0, 5 11, 2
CO
CO
OH
n n mol V l
n n n mol V l

4) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Al


3+
xut hin mt lng kt ta theo yu
cu.
Dng ny phi c hai kt qu
Cng thc:
3
3.
4.
OH
OH Al
n n
n n n

V d 4: Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AlCl
3
c 31,2 gam kt
ta.
Gii
3
3. 3.0, 4 1, 2
4. 2 0, 4 1, 6 1, 6
OH
OH Al
n n V l
n n n mol V l

V d 5: Cn cho mt th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht l bao nhiu vo dung dch cha ng thi
0,6mol AlCl
3
v 0,2mol HCl xut hin 39gam kt ta.
Gii
Lu rng trng hp ny cn thm mt lng NaOH trung ho HCl. Mt khc, tnh th tch dung
dch NaOH ln nht nn ch cn xt gi tr
- 3+
- 3+
OH (max) Al
HCl
OH (can) Al
n =4.n -n
n =n +(4.n -n ) 0, 2 (2, 4 0, 5) 2,1
V=2,1lit
mol

5) Tnh th tich dung dch HCl cn cho vo dung dch Na[Al(OH)


4
] (NaAlO
2
) xut hin mt lng
kt ta theo yu cu
Dng ny phi c hai kt qu
Cng thc
4
[ ( ) ]
4. 3.
H
Al OH
H
n n
n n n
+
+

V d 6: Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch cha 0,7mol Na[Al(OH)
4
] thu c 39
gam kt ta?
Gii
4
[ ( ) ]
0, 5 0, 5
4. 3. 1, 3 1, 3
H
H Al OH
n n mol V lit
n n n mol V lit
+
+

V d 7: Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cc i cn vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,1mol NaOH v 0,3mol
Na[Al(OH)
4
] l bao nhiu xut hin 15,6gam kt ta?
Gii
Tng t nh v d 5, ta c:
trang 104
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
4
[ ( ) ]
( )
(4. 3. ) 0, 7 0, 7
NaOH Al OH
H can
n n n n mol V lit
+

+
6, Tnh khi lng mui nitrat thu c khi cho hn hp cc kim loi tc dng vi HNO
3
d (khng
c s to thnh NH
4
NO
3
)
Cng thc:
2 2 2
62.(3. 8. 10. )
muoi KL NO NO N O N
m m n n n n + + + +
(khng to kh no th s mol kh bng khng)
V d 8: Ho tan 10gam rn X gm Al, Mg, Zn bng HNO
3
va c dung dch cha m gam mui v 5,6
lt NO (kc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm m.
Gii
5, 6
10 62.3. 56, 5
22, 4
muoi
m gam +
7) Tnh khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi cho hn hp cc kim loi tc
Cng thc: m
mui
= m
kim loi
+ 96.n
SO2
V d 9: Ho tan ht 10gam rn X gm Al, Mg, Cu bng H
2
SO
4
c nng va , c dung dch cha m
gam mui v 10,08 lt SO
2
(kc). Tm m.
Gii
m
mui
= 10 + 96.10,08/22,4 = 53,2 gam
8) Tnh lng mui thu c khi cho hn hp st v cc oxit st tc dng vi HNO
3
d gii phng kh
NO.
Cng thc:
+
242
( 24. )
80
muoi hh NO
m m n
V d 10: Ho tan ht 12 gam rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
trong HNO
3
long d c dung dch cha
m gam mui v 2,24 lt NO (kc). Tm m
Gii
242 2, 24
(12 24. ) 43, 56
80 22, 4
muoi
m gam +
Lu : vi dng ny, cho d hn hp u l bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht (Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
,
Fe
3
O
4
) cng u cho kt qu nh nhau.
V d 11: Nung m gam st trong oxi d c 3 gam hn hp rn X. Ho tan ht X trong HNO
3
long d
c 0,448 lt NO (kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c bao nhiu gam rn khan?
Gii
D X l bao nhiu cht, ta lun c:
242 0, 448
(3 24. ) 10, 527
80 22, 4
muoi
m gam +
9) Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3,
Fe
3
O
4
bng dung dch
HNO
3
c, nng d gii phng kh NO
2
Tng t nh vn xt trn, hn hp cho khng nht thit phi l 4 cht, m ch l 2 hoc 3
trong 4 cht trn th khi lng mui vn c tnh theo cng thc:
trang 105
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
2
242
( 8. )
80
muoi hh NO
m m n +
V d 12: Ho tan ht 6 gam rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
,

Fe
3
O
4
trong HNO
3
c nng d c 3,36 lt NO
2
(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
Gii
242 3, 36
6 8. 21, 78
80 22, 4
muoi
m gam
_
+

,
V d 13: Dn mt lung kh CO qua ng ng Fe
2
O
3
nung nng thu c 9 gam rn X. Ho tan ht X trong
HNO
3
c, nng d thu c 3,92 lt NO
2
(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c bao nhiu gam mui
khan?
Gii
D X l bao nhiu cht, ta lun c
242 3, 92
9 8. 31, 46
80 22, 4
muoi
m gam
_
+

,
Lu : Vi dng ton ny, HNO
3
phi d thu c ton l mui Fe(III). Khng c ni "HNO
3
va ", v c th pht sinh kh nng st cn d so HNO
3
ht s tip tc tan ht do kh Fe(III) v Fe(II).
Khi s khng cn chnh xc na.
- Nu gii phng hn hp NO v NO
2
, cng thc tnh mui l:
( )
2
242
24. 8.
80
muoi hh NO NO
m m n n + +
10) Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng d gii phng kh SO
2
Tng t nh trn, hn hp xt y khng nht thit phi 4 cht
Cng thc
( )
2
400
16.
160
muoi hh SO
m m n +
V d 14: Ho tan 30 gam rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng d gii phng 11,2 lt kh
SO
2
(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
Gii
400 11, 2
30 16. 95
160 22, 4
muoi
m gam
_
+

,
11) Tnh khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ho lng st ny bng oxi c hn hp rn X.
Ho tan ht rn X trong HNO
3
long d c NO.
Thc ra, dng ny da vo cng thc (8)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
3 3
( )
( )
242 1
24. 24.
80 80
1 56
24. 24.
80 80
+ +
+ +
muoi hh NO Fe NO hh NO
Fe Fe NO hh NO Fe hh NO
m m n n m n
n n m n m m n
trang 106
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
V d 15: t m gam st trong oxi c 3gam hn hp rn X. Ho tan ht X trong HNO
3
long d c
0,56 lt NO(kc). Tm m.
Gii
56 0, 56
3 24. 2, 52
80 22, 4
Fe
m gam
_
+

,
V d 16: Chia 12 gam rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
lm hai phn bng nhau.
- Dn mt lung CO d qua phn nung nng c m gam st.
- Ho tan ht phn 2 trong HNO
3
long d c 1,12 lt NO (kc).
Tm m.
Gii
56 1,12
6 24. 5, 04
80 22, 4
Fe
m gam
_
+

,
Trong khun kh c hn, chng ti ch nu mt s cng thc c trng thng gp trong cc bi tp
tuyn sinh i hc. Hc sinh c th vn dng thm cc nh lut (bo ton khi lng, bo ton e...) t
trang b thm cc cng thc cho ring mnh.
12) S ng phn ancol n chc no C
n
H
2n+2
O
Cng thc: S ancol C
n
H
2n+2
O = 2
n-2
(n<6)
V d 17: S ng phn ancol n chc no c cng thc phn t l C
3
H
8
O; C
4
H
10
O v C
5
H
12
O ln lt l
bao nhiu?
Gii
S ancol C
3
H
8
O = 2
3-2
= 2. S ancol C
4
H
10
O = 2
4-2
= 4.
S ancol C
5
H
12
O = 2
5-2
= 8
13) S ng phn anhit n chc no C
n
H
2n
O
Cng thc: S anehit C
n
H
2n
O = 2
n-3
(n < 7)
V d 18: C bao nhiu anehit n chc no c cng thc phn t ln lt l C
4
H
8
O; C
5
H
10
O v C
6
H
12
O?
Gii
S anehit C
4
H
8
O = 2
4-3
= 2 S anehit C
5
H
10
O = 2
5-3
= 4
S anehit C
6
H
12
O = 2
6-3
= 8
14) S ng phn axit cacboxylic n chc no C
n
H
2n
O
2
Cng thc: S axit C
n
H
2n
O
2
= 2
n-3
(n<7)
V d 19: C bao nhiu axit cacboxylic n chc no c cng cng thc phn t ln lt l C
4
H
8
O
2
v
C
5
H
10
O
2
?
Gii
S axit C
4
H
8
O
2
= 2
4-3
= 2 S axit C
5
H
10
O
2
= 2
5-3
= 4
V d 20: C bao nhiu cht hu c C
6
H
12
O
2
tc dng ng thi c Na, c NaOH?
Gii
Tc dng ng thi c Na, c NaOH v c cng thc C
6
H
12
O
2
l cc axit cacboxylic n chc no.
S axit C
6
H
12
O
2
= 2
6-3
= 8
trang 107
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
15) S ng phn este n chc no C
n
H
2n
O
2
Cng thc: S este C
n
H
2n
O
2
= 2
n-2
(n<5)
V d 21: C bao nhiu este c cng thc phn t ln lt l C
3
H
6
O
2
v C
4
H
8
O
2
?
Gii
S este C
3
H
6
O
2
= 2
3-2
= 2 S este C
4
H
8
O
2
= 2
4-2
= 4
V d 22: C bao nhiu cht hu c C
4
H
8
O
2
c kh nng tc dng vi NaOH?
Gii
l cc axit v este c cng thc C
4
H
8
O
2
S axit C
4
H
8
O
2
= 2
4-3
= 2 S este C
4
H
8
O
2
= 2
4-2
= 4
c 6 cht hu c tho mn bi.
16) S ng phn amin n chc no C
n
H
2n+3
N
Cng thc: S amin C
n
H
2n+3
N = 2
n-1
(n<5)
V d 23: C bao nhiu amin n chc no c cng thc phn t ln lt l C
2
H
7
N; C
3
H
9
N v C
4
H
11
N?
Gii
S amin C
2
H
7
N = 2
2-1
= 2 S amin C
3
H
9
N = 2
3-1
= 4
S amin C
4
H
11
N = 2
4-1
= 8
V d 24: t chy hon ton amin n chc no, mch h A c CO
2
, H
2
O v N
2
; trong
2 2
: 2: 3
CO H O
n n
. Vy A c th c bao nhiu ng phn cu to?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Gii
Theo cng thc tnh s ng phn amin C
n
H
2n+3
N l 2
n-1
th khng c amin n chc no no c 3
hoc 5, hoc 6 ng phn cu to Chn B.
17) S ng phn trieste to bi glixerol v hn hp n axit bo
Cng thc: S trieste =
( )
2
1
2
n n +
V d 25: un nng hn hp gm glixerol v 2 axit bo X, Y (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) s thu c ti a bao
nhiu trieste?
Gii
S trieste =
( )
2
2 2 1
6
2
+

V d 26: un nng hn hp gm glixerol v 3 axit cacboxylic n chc no (xc tc H


2
SO
4
c) c bao
nhiu tri este?
Gii
S trieste =
( )
2
3 3 1
2
+
= 18
18) S ng phn este n chc no C
n
H
2n+2
O
Cng thc: S ete C
n
H
2n+2
=
( ) ( )
( )
1 2
2 5
2
n n
n

< <
trang 108
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
V d 27: S ng phn ete cng thc phn t C
3
H
8
O v C
5
H
12
O ln lt l bao nhiu?
Gii
S ete C
3
H
8
O =
( ) ( ) 3 1 3 2
1
2

S ete C
5
H
12
O =
( ) ( ) 5 1 5 2
6
2

V d 28: S ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C


4
H
10
O l
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
Gii
ng vi cng thc C
4
H
10
O, c cc ng phn ancol v ete no, n chc
S ancol C
4
H
10
O = 2
4-2
= 4
S ete C
4
H
10
O =
( ) ( ) 4 1 4 2
3
2

Chn p n C
19) S ng phn xeton n chc no C
n
H
2n
O
Cng thc: S xeton C
n
H
2n
O =
( ) ( ) 2 3
(3 7)
2
n n
n

< <
V d 29: Tng s ng phn xeton ca hai hp cht C
4
H
8
O v C
6
H
12
O l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
Gii
S xeton C
4
H
8
O =
( ) ( ) 4 2 5 3
1
2

S xeton C
6
H
12
O =
( ) ( ) 6 2 6 3
6
2

c tt c 7 ng phn
V d 30: S ng phn anhit v xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
O ln lt l bao nhiu?
Gii
S anehit C
5
H
10
O = 2
5-3
= 4 S xeton C
5
H
10
O =
( ) ( ) 5 2 5 3
3
2

p s l 4 v 3
Trong khun kh c hn, chng ti ch nu mt s cng thc c trng thng gp trong cc bi tp
tuyn sinh i hc. Hc sinh c th vn dng thm cc nh lut (bo ton khi lng, bo ton e...) t
trang b thm cc cng thc ring cho mnh. Chng hn:
- S cacbon ca 1 ancol no =
2
2 2
CO
H O CO
n
n n
V d: t chy ancol n chc A c 0,15 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Tm cng thc phn t ancol.
Gii
V
2 2
H O CO
n n >
nn y l ancol no c s C =
2
2 2
0,15
3
0, 2 0,15
CO
H O CO
n
n n


Vy cng thc phn t ancol l C
3
H
8
O
trang 109
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
MC LC

PHNG PHP BO TON KHI LNG
T1. Ho tan 9,14 g hn hp Cu, Fe, Al bng ddHCl d thu c 7,84lt kh A(kc) v 2,54g cht rn B v
dd C. Khi lng mui c trong dd C l bao nhiu gam?
T1. Cho 2,1 g hn hp gm Mg, Fe v Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, thy thot ra 1,12l H
2
ktc.
Khi lng mui khan to ra khi c cn dung dch?
T1. (TS H khi A 2007): Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Zn bng mt lng
va dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, thu c 1,344 lt kh H
2
(kc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca
m?
T1. (Cu 10 TSH khi A 2007 m 182): Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol (ru) n chc, k
tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l:
A. C
3
H
5
OH v C
4
H
7
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH
C. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH D. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH
T1. (Cu 45 TSH khi A 2007 m 182): Ha tan ha ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
, MgO,
ZnO trong 500 ml H
2
SO
4
0,1 M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn
dung dch c khi lng l bao nhiu gam?
T1. kh hon ton 17,6g hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
cn va 2,24 lt CO(ktc). Khi lng Fe
thu c sau phn ng?
T1. Cho t t mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
un nng
thu c 64 gam st, khi i ra sau phn ng cho i qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d c 40 gam kt ta. Tm m.
T1. Cho t t mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
un nng
thu c 64g st, kh i ra sau phn ng cho i qua dd Ca(OH)
2
d c 40g kt ta. Tnh m.
T1. t chy 1mol Fe trong khng kh d thu c 1mol oxit st. Cng thc ca oxit st l:
A. Fe
2
O
3
B. Fe
3
O
4
C. FeO D. khng d kin xc nh
trang 110
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol etilen glicol v 0,2 mol cht X. t chy hn hp A cn 21,28lt O
2
(
ktc) v thu c 35,2g CO
2
v 19,8g H
2
O. Tnh khi lng phn t X.
T1. Ho tan 10g hn hp hai mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr 2 v 3 bng dd HCl ta thu c dd A v 0,672
lt kh bay ra ( ktc). Hi c cn dd A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
T1. un dd cha 10g xt v 20g cht bo. Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng ho, ly 1/10 dd thu c
em trung ho bng dd HCl 0,2M thy tn ht 90ml dd axit.
1/ Tnh lng xt cn x phng ho 1 tn cht bo.
2/ T 1 tn cht bo c th iu ch c bao nhiu glixerin v x phng nguyn cht?
3/ Tnh M ca cc axit trong thnh phn cht bo.
T1. un 132,8 g hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
0
C thu c 111,2g hn hp cc ete
trong cc ete c s mol bng nhau. Tnh s mol mi ete.
T1. Ho tan hon ton 23,8g hn hp gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v mt mui cacbonat
ca kim loi ho tr II vo dd HCl thu c 0,2mol kh CO
2
. Tnh khi lng mui mi to ra trong dung
dch.
T1. Cho 115 gam hn hp mui (RCO
3
, M
2
CO
3
, N
2
(CO
3
)
3
) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c
0,896 lt kh CO
2
(ktc).C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng mui l
T1. Cho 20 gam hn hp mt s mui cacbonat tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 1,344 lt kh
CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
T1. Cho 23,8 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d
thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch A. Dn ton b CO
2
vo dd nc vi trong d th thu c 20
gam kt ta. C cn dung dch A thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
T1. Cho m gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu
c 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c 26 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m
l
T1. Cho 2,84 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d
thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c 3,17 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca
V l
T1. Cho 24,4 gam hn hp gm K
2
CO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl
2
. Sau phn ng
thu c 39,4 gam kt ta. Lc kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c a gam mui khan. Gi tr ca a l
T1. Ho tan hon ton 3,34 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat trung ha ca hai kim loi ha tr II v III
bng dung dch HCl d th thu c dung dch A v 0,896 lt bay ra (ktc). Khi lng mui c trong dung
dch A l
T1. Nhit phn 9,4g mt mui nitrat kim loi A n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c cht rn
c khi lng 4g . Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mui.
T1. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hirocacbon A bng 6,72 lit O
2
(kc) th thu c 8,8g CO
2
v 3,6g H
2
O .
Tm phn t lng A.
T1. Cho 4g kim loi tan ht trong dd HCl th thu c 2,24 lt H
2
(kc). Tm khi lng mui to thnh.
T1. Nung 8,4g st trong khng kh th thu c 11,6g oxit st.
Tnh s mol O
2
tham gia phn ng.
Tm cng thc oxit st.
T1. Nung 9,4g mui M(NO
3
)
n
trong bnh kn c V = 0,5 lt cha kh N
2
. Nhit v p sut trong bnh
trc khi nung l 0,984 atm v 27
o
C. Sau khi nung mui b nhit phn ht cn li 4g oxit M
2
O
n
, a v
27
o
C p sut trong bnh l p.
Tnh nguyn t khi ca M v p sut p.
T1. Dn lung kh CO i qua ng s c cha m gam hn hp rn X gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
un nng. Sau mt
thi gian trong ngs cn li n gam hn hp rn Y. Kh thot ra c hp th bng dd Ca(OH)
2
d thu c
p gam kt ta. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra v lp biu thc lin h gia m, n, p.
T1. t chy hon ton m gam cht hu c A cn 2,24 lt kh oxi (kc) ri dn ton b sn phm chy
gm (CO
2
, H
2
O) vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thy khi lng bnh tng 4,2 gam, ng thi xut
hin 7,5 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
T1. un nng 5,8 gam hn hp A gm C
2
H
2
v H
2
trong bnh kn vi xc tc thch hp, sau phn ng thu
c hn hp kh X. Dn hn hp kh X qua bnh ng dung dch brm d thy khi lng bnh tng 1,4
gam v cn li hn hp kh Y. Khi lng ca hn hp kh Y l bao nhiu gam?
T1. un nng hn hp X gm 0,5 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,7 mol H
2
. Nung nng hn hp mt thi gian vi bt Ni
c hn hp Y. Dn Y qua bnh ng nc brm d thy cn li 4,48 lt (kc) hn hp kh Z c t khi i
vi khng kh bng 1. Khi lng bnh nc brm tng l bao nhiu gam?
trang 111
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ancol cng thuc dy ng ng ca ancol etylic th thu c
70, 4 gam CO
2
v 39,6 gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca a.
T1. Cho 12 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dung dch HNO
3
63%. Sau phn ng thu c
dung dch A v 11,2 lt kh NO
2
duy nht (ktc). Tnh nng % cc cht c trong dung dch A.
T1. Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v mui cacbonat ca
kim loi ho tr II trong dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). em c cn dung dch thu
c th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
T1. t chy hon ton 1,88 gam cht hu c A (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt O
2
(ktc) v thu c kh
CO
2
cng hi nc theo t l th tch 4:3. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Bit t khi hi ca A so
vi khng kh nh hn 7
T1. Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam X un nng. Sau khi
kt thc th nghim thu c 64 gam cht rn trong ng s v 11,2 lt hn hp kh B (ktc) c t khi so H
2
l 20,4. Tm m.
T1. Cho 0,1 mol este to bi axit 2 ln axit v ru mt ln ru tc dng hon ton vi NaOH thu c
6,4 gam ru v mt lng mui c khi lng nhiu hn lng este l 13,56% (so vi lng este). Tnh
khi lng mui v xc nh cng thc cu to ca este.
T1. Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam hn hp 2 este n chc l ng phn ca nhau bng dung dch
NaOH thu c 11,08 gam hn hp mui v 5,56 gam hn hp 2 ru. Xc nh CTCT ca este.
T1. un 132,8 g hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
0
C thu c 111,2g hn hp cc ete c
s mol bng nhau. Tnh s mol mi ete.
T1. Hn hp A gm KClO
3
, Ca(ClO
3
)
2
, Ca(ClO
2
)
2
, CaCl
2
v KCl nng 83,68 gam. Nhit phn hon ton A
ta thu c cht rn B gm CaCl
2
v KCl v mt th tch O
2
va oxi ho SO
2
thnh SO
3
iu ch
191,1 gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
80%. Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 360ml dung dch K
2
CO
3
0,5 M (va ) thu
c kt ta C v dung dch D. Lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl c trong A.
1/ Tnh khi lng kt ta C.
2/ Tnh % khi lng KClO
3
c trong A.
T1. Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe
2
O
3
. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng ng m gam hn hp X nung nng.
Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 64g cht rn A trong ng s v 11,2 lt kh B (ktc) c t khi so vi
hiro l m. Tnh m
T1. Cho 12g hn hp 2 kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dd HNO
3
63%. Sau phn ng c dung dch
A v 11,2 lt NO
2
duy nht (ktc). Tnh nng % cc cht trong dung dch A.
T1. Ho tan 23,8g mui cacbonat ca cc kim loi ho tr 1 v 2 trong dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng thu
c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch.
T1. Hn hp A gm KClO
3
, Ca(ClO
3
)
2
, CaCl
2
v KCl nng 83,68g. Nhit phn hon ton A, thu c cht
rn B gm CaCl
2
, KCl v 17,472 lt kh (ktc). Cho B tc dng vi 360ml dung dch K
2
CO
3
0,5M va thu
c kt ta C v dung dch D. Khi lng KCl trong D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl c trong A. Tnh
phn trm khi lng KClO
3
c trong A.
T1. t chy hon ton 1,88g cht hu c A cha C, H, O cn 1,904 lt oxi (ktc) thu c CO
2
v hi
nc theo t l th tch l 4:3. Bit t khi ca A so vi khng kh nh hn 7. Xc nh CTPT ca A.
T1. t chay hoan toan m gam hn hp Y: C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
8
thi thu c 12,98g CO
2
va 5,76g H
2
O. Tinh
gia tri m?
T1. Cho 2,83g hn hp 2 ru n chc tac dung va u vi Na thi thoat ra 0,896 lit H
2
(ktc) va m gam
mui khan. Gia tri cua m.
T1. Cho 0,1 mo este to bi axit 2 chc v ancol n chc tc dng hon ton vi NOH thu c 6,4g
ancol v lng mui c khi lng nhiu hn ca este l 13,56%. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este.
T1. Thu phn hon ton11,44g hn hp 2 este n chc l ng phn ca nhau bng dung dch NaOH
thu c 11,08g hn hp mui v 5,56g hn hp ancol, Xc nh CTCT ca cc este.
T1. Chia hn hp 2 anehit no n chc thnh 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1 em t chy hon ton thu
c 1,08g nc. Phn 2 tc dng vi hiro d (Ni, t
0
) thu c hn hp A. Tnh th tch CO
2
thu c
273
0
C ; 1,2atm thu c khi t chy A.
T1. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng 0,04mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe
2
O
3
t nng. Sau khi kt
thc th nghim thu c B gm 4 cht rn nng 4,784g. Kh ra khi ng s cho hp th vo dung dch
Ba(OH)
2
d c 9,062g kt ta. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca A.
T1. Ho tan hon ton 9,14g hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng 1 lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt
kh X (ktc) , 2,54g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b kt ta Y v c cn cn thn dung dch Z. Tnh khi
lng mui khan thu c.
trang 112
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Trn 8,1g Al vi 48g bt Fe
2
O
3
ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng c khng
kh. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c khi phn ng hon ton.
T1. Cho 24,4 g hn hp K
2
CO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
tc dng va vi dd BaCl
2
thu c 39,4 g kt ta , lc tch
kt ta ri c cn dung dch thu c m gam mui clorua . Gi tr m.
T1. Trn 2,7 gam bt nhm vi 11,2 gam bt st (III) oxit cho vo bnh kn. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian
th thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh m ?
T1. Ha tan ht 6,3 gam hn hp gm Mg v Al trong va 150 ml dung dch gm HCl 1M v H
2
SO
4
1,5M thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
T1. Hn hp 10 gam gm hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II c ha tan trong dung dch HCl
thu c 4,48 lt kh CO
2
v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th to ra bao nhiu gam mui khan?
T1. Thi mt lung kh CO d qua ng s ng hn hp Fe
3
O
4
v CuO nung nng n phn ng hon
ton, ta thu c 2,32g hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra cho vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thy 5g kt ta
trng. Khi lng hn hp 2 oxit kim loai ban u l
T1. Cho 1,53g hn hp Mg, Cu, Zn vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 448 ml (ktc). C cn hn hp sau phn
ng ri nung khan trong chn khng s thu c mt cht rn c khi lng
T1. Cho 0,52g hn hp 2 kim loi tan hon ton trong H
2
SO
4
long d thy c 0,336 lt kh thot ra (ktc).
Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c s l (gam)
T1. Cho 2,81g hn hp A gm 3 oxit Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 ml dd H
2
SO
4
0,1M th khi
lng hn hp cc mui sunfat khan to ra l:
T1. Thi mt lung kh CO qua ng s ng m (gam) hn hp gm: CuO, Fe
2
O
3
, FeO, Al
2
O
3
nung nng,
lung kh thot ra c sc vo nc vi trong d, thy c 15g kt ta trng. Sau phn ng, cht rn trong
ng s c khi lng l 215g th khi lng m gam ca hn hp oxit ban u l:
T1. Sc kh clo vo dd hn hp cha 2 mui NaI , NaBr , un nng thu c 2,34gam NaCl . Tng s mol
hn hp NaI v NaBr ban u l :
T1. Thi 8,96 lt CO ktc qua 16 gam Fe
x
O
y
. Dn ton b kh thot sau phn ng vo dd Ca(OH)
2
d
thuc 30 gam kt ta . Khi lng Fe thu c l :
T1. Kh hon ton 32 gam hn hp CuO v Fe
2
O
3
bng H
2
thu c 9 gam H
2
O . Khi lng hn hp kim
loi thu
A. 12 g B. 16 g C. 24 g D. 26g
T1. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi Fe v X ( ho tr khng i ) . Ho tan ht (m) gam A bng mt lng va
dd HCl thu c 1,008 lt kh KTC v dd B cha 4,575 gam mui . Tnh m
A. 1,28 g B. 1,82 g C. 1,38 g D. 1,83 g
T1. Ho tan m gam hn hp gm 2 kim loi l Al v Fe trong dung dch HCl d thu c dd B v 14,56 lt
H
2
ktc . Cho dd B tc dng vi dd NaOH d , kt ta em nung ngoi kk n khi lng khng i c
16 gam cht rn . Tnh m T1. Oxi ho 13,6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi thu c m gam hn hp 2 oxit .
ho tan hon ton m gam oxit ny cn 500 ml dd H
2
SO
4
1 M . Tnh m .
T1. Ho tan 17,5 gam hp kim Zn Fe Al vo dung dch HCl thu c Vlt H
2
ktc v dung dch A
C cn A thu c 31,7 gam hn hp mui khan . Gi tr V l ?
T1. Cho 2,49g hn hp gm 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Zn tan hon ton trong 500 ml dd H
2
SO
4
long ta thy c
1,344 lt H
2
(ktc) thot ra. Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan to ra
T1. Ho tan 10g hn hp bt Fe v Fe
2
O
3
bng mt lng dd HCl va , thu c 1,12 lt hiro (ktc) v
dd A cho NaOH d vo thu c kt ta, nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m
gam cht rn th gi tr ca m l:
T1. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
c s mol nh nhau bng dung dch HNO
3
c
nng thu c 4,48 lt kh NO
2
duy nht. C cn dung dch sau phn ng th c bao nhiu gam mui khan
.
T1. Ho tan 10,14 gam hp kim Cu , Mg , Al bng mt lng va dd HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh A
ktc v 1,54 gam cht khng tan B v dd C . C cn C th lng cht rn khan thu c l :
T1. Chia 1,24g hn hp 2 kim loi c ho tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau . Phn 1 tc dng vi oxi
d thu c 0,78 g hh oxit . Phn 2 tc dng ht vi dd H
2
SO
4
long thu c V lt H
2
ktc . Gi tr V l :
T1. Thy phn hon ton 14,8 gam hn hp gm 2 este n chc l ng phn ca nhau thy cn dng
va 200ml ddNaOH 1M, thu c m gam hn hp hai mui v 7,8 gam hn hp 2 ru .tm m
T1. Mt dung dch cha 38,2g hn hp 2 mui sunfat ca kim loi kim A v kim loi kim th B tc
dng va vi dung dch BaCl
2
thu c 69,9g kt ta. Lc b kt ta v c cn dung dch sau phn ng
thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
trang 113
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Ha tan 28,4g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II
A
bng acid
HCl thu c 6,72 lt kh(ktc) v dung dch A. Tng s gam 2 mui clorua trong dung dch thu c l?
T1. Cho 6,2g hn hp gm mt s kim loi kim vo dung dch HCl d c 2,24lt H
2
(ktc). C cn
dung dch thu c sau phn ng s thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn?
T1. Cho 16,3g hn hp 2 kim loi Na v X tc dng ht vi HCl long, d thu c 34,05 gam hn hp
mui A khan. Th tch H
2
thu c l bao nhiu lt?
T1. Cho x gam hn hp kim loi gm K, Na, Ba vo nc c 500ml dung dch X c pH=13 v V lt kh
(ktc). V c gi tr l bao nhiu?
T1. Ha tan ht 1,72g hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn v Fe bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c V lt
kh (ktc) v 7,48g mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca V l?
T1. Ha tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml acid H
2
SO
4
0,1M va . C
cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
T1. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12mol FeS
2
v a mol Cu
2
S vo acid HNO
3
(va ), thu c dung
dch X(ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Ga tr ca a l?
T1. Ha tan ht 10g hn hp mui cacbonat MgCO
3
, CaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
, K
2
CO
3
bng dung dch HCl dthu
c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c x g mui khan. Ga tr ca x l?
T1. Cho 11,5g hn hp gm ACO
3
, B
2
CO
3
, R
2
CO
3
tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt
CO
2
(ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to thnh l?
T1. Ha tan hon ton 2,7g mt kim loi M bng HNO
3
thu c 1,12lt kh(ktc) hn hp X gm 2 kh
khng mu trong c 1 kh ha nu ngoi khng kh. Bit d
2
H
X
=19,2. M l?
A. Fe B. Al C. Cu D.Z
n
T1. Ha tan hn hp X gm Fe v MgO bng HNO
3
va c 0,112 lt (27,3
0C
,6,6atm) kh khng mu
ha nu ngoi khng kh. C cn dung mui c 10,22g hn hp mui khan. Khi lng mi kim loi
trong hn hp ln lt l?
T1. Cho 3,06g oxit M
x
O
y
, M c ha tr khng i tan trong dung dch HNO
3
to ra 5,22g mui. Xc nh
M
x
O
y
A. CaO B. MgO C. BaO D. Al
2
O
3
T1. Ha tan 9,6g Mg trong dung dch HNO
3
to ra 2,24 lt kh N
x
O
y
. Xc nh cng thc kh .
A. NO B. N
2
O C. NO
2
D. N
2
O
4
T1. Ha tan hon ton 2,16g mt oxit kim loi M thu c 0,224 lt kh NO(ktc). Xc nh cng thc
oxit.
A. CuO B. FeO C. Fe
3
O
4
D. Fe
2
O
3
T1. Ha tan kim loi M vo HNO
3
thu c dung dch A(khng c kh thot ra). Cho NaOH d vo dung
dch A thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v 23,2g kt ta. Xc nh M.
A. Fe B. Mg C. Al D. Ca
T1. Ha tan hon ton 0,368g hn hp Al, Zn cn va 25lt dung dch HNO
3
0,001M. Sau phn ng
thu c dung dch cha 3 mui. S gam mi kim loi ban u l?
T1. Cho 2,56g ng tc dng vi 40ml dung dch HNO
3
2M ch thu c NO. Sau phn ng cho thm
H
2
SO
4
d vo li thy c NO bay ra. Gii thch v tnh V
NO
( ktc) khi cho thm H
2
SO
4
.
T1. Cho 1,92 g Cu vo 100ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO
3
0,16M v H
2
SO
4
0,4M thy sinh ra mt
cht kh c t khi so vi H
2
l 15 v dung dch A.
Tnh th tch kh sinh ra ( ktc).
T1. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta ton b ion Cu
2+
trong dung dch
A( cu 19).
T1. 50 ml dung dch A cha 2 cht tan l H
2
SO
4
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
phn ng va vi 31,25ml NaOH 16%
(D= 1,12g/ml). Lc kt ta nung nhit cao c 1,6g rn. Nng mol cc cht trong dung dch A l?
Cho 2,4g Cu vo 50ml dung dch A thy c V lt kh NO bay ra. Tnh V?
T1. Ha tan 14,8g hn hp Al, Fe, Zn bng dung dch HCl va thu c dung dch A. Lng kh H
2
to thnh dn vo ng s ng CuO d nung nng. Sau phn ng khi lng trong ng s gim 5,6g. C
cn dung dch A thu m(g) mui. Tnh m?
T1. Cho 4,86g Al tan va trong 660ml dung dch HNO
3
1M thu c V lt hn hp kh(ktc) gm N
2
v N
2
O. Tnh V?
T1. Ha tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng acid HNO
3
thu c Vlt (ktc) hn hp kh
X (gm NO v NO
2
) v dung dch Y (ch cha 2 mui v acid d). T khi ca X i vi H
2
bng 19. Gi tr
ca V l?
trang 114
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Cho 13,5g hn hp gm Al v Ag tan trong HNO
3
d thu c dung dch A v 4,48 lt hn hp kh
gm (NO,NO
2
) c khi lng 7,6gam. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi.
T1. Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol etylenglycol v 0,2 mol cht X. t chy hon ton hn hp A cn 21,28
lt oxi (kc) v thu c 35,2 gam CO
2
v 19,8 gam H
2
O.Tnh khi lng phn t X( bit X ch cha
C,H,O)
BO TON NGUYN T
T1. Cho a gam CuO tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, d thu c 200 g dung dch CuSO
4
16%. Gi
tr ca a.
T1. t chy hon ton 6 gam FeS
2
trong oxi c a gam SO
2
. Oxi ha hon ton a gam SO
2
c b gam
SO
3
. Cho b gam SO
3
tc dng vi NaOH d c c gam Na
2
SO
4
. Cho c gam Na
2
SO
4
tc dng ht vi dd
Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c d gam kt ta. Gi tr ca d.
T1. t chy hon ton 22,4 gam bt st trong oxi d. Cht rn thu c cho tc dng ht vi ddHCl c
ddA. Cho ddNaOH vo ddA, kt ta thu c em nung trong khng kh th thu c Fe
2
O
3
. Khi lng
Fe
2
O
3
thu c.
T1. T 176 gam FeS c th iu ch c bao nhiu gam H
2
SO
4
? (Bit hiu sut 100%)
T1. Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol Ag
2
O v 0,2 mol Cu tc dng ht vi ddHNO
3
long, d. C cn dung dch
sau phn ng thu c mui khan A. Nung A n khi lng khng i thu c m gia rn B. Gi tr ca m.
T1. Cho 100 ml dung dch FeSO
4
0,2 M phn ng vi dd NaOH d. Sau phn ng, lc kt ta v nung
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m.
T1. Cho 1 mol hn hp gm NaCl, Na
2
CO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh thot ra sau phn ng dn
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d th khi lng kt ta thu c l 50 gam. T l mol hai mui trong hn hp ban
u.
T1. Dn kh clo vo dung dch NaBr v NaI n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c 1,17 gam
NaCl. Xc nh s mol hn hp NaBr, NaI c trong dung dch ban u.
T1. Cho hn hp mui CaCO
3
, NaHCO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh sinh ra c dn vo dung
dch Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c19,7 gam kt ta. S mol hn hp mui ban u.
T1. Nung m (g) hn hp X gm 2 mui carbonat trung tnh ca 2 kim loi A v B u c ha tr 2. Sau
mt thi gian thu c 3,36 lit CO
2
(kc) cn li hn hp cht rn Y. Cho Y tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl
d ri cho kh thot ra hp th hon ton bi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thu c 15g kt ta. Phn dung dch c
cn thu 32,5g hn hp mui khan. Tnh m.
T1. Cho 12 lt hn hp gm SO
2
v N
2
(ktC) i qua NaOH to ra 4,17 gam Na
2
SO
3
v 12 gam NaHSO
3
.
Thnh phn % theo th tch ca SO
2
trong hn hp.
T1. Cho hn hp A gm x mol Al v 0,2 mol Al
2
O
3
tc dng vi dd NaOH d, thu c ddB. Dn
kh CO
2
vo ddB thu c kt ta Y. Lc thy kt ta Y v nung n khi lng khng i c
40,8 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca x.
T1. Cho hhA (Ag, Cu, Fe) tc dng ht vi ddHNO
3
thu c hh kh G(NO, NO
2
, N
2
), thy khi lng
nc tng ln 3,6 gam. S mol HNO
3
phn ng.
T1. Ho tan ht hhA: 0,1 mol Zn, 0,2 mol Ag, 0,3 mol Fe trong ddHNO
3
thu c ddB khng cha
NH
4
NO
3
v thu c hh kh G( 0,01 mol N
2
, 0,03 mol NO
2
). Vy s mol HNO
3
cn cho phn ng l bao
nhiu?
T1. Hn hp cht rn A gm 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
v 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4
. Ho tan hon ton A bng dung
dch HCl d, thu c dung dch B. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch B, thu c kt ta C. Lc ly kt
ta, ra sch ri em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn D.
Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu?
T1. Kh hon ton 20,6 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
cn dng 2,24 lt kh CO (kc). Tnh khi
lng Fe thu c sau phn ng.
T1. Kh hon ton m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
cn dng V lt kh CO (kc) th thu c
5,6 lt kh CO
2
(kc). Tnh V.
T1. Kh hon ton m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
cn dng V lt hn hp kh CO (kc) th
thu c kh CO
2
. Hp th hon ton lng kh CO
2
trong dd Ca(OH)
2
d th thu c 25 gam kt ta. Gi
tr ca V.
T1. t chy khng hon ton mt lng Fe, dng ht 2,24 lt kh O
2
(kc), thu c hn hp cht rn
X gm cc oxit st v st d. Kh hon ton hn hp X bng CO d th thu c V lt kh A, dn kh A vo
bnh nc vi trong d, th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m.
trang 115
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Ha tan ht hhA: 0,1 mol Zn, 0,2 mol Ag, 0,3 mol Fe trong ddHNO
3
thu c ddB khng cha
NH
4
NO
3
v thu c hh kh G( 0,01 mol N
2
, 0,03 mol NO
2
). Vy s mol HNO
3
cn cho phn ng l bao
nhiu?
T1. Cho hhA (Ag, Cu, Fe) tc dng ht vi ddHNO
3
thu c hh kh G(NO, NO
2
, N
2
), thy khi lng
nc tng ln 1,8 gam. S mol HNO
3
phn ng l bao nhiu?
T1. Cho 0,1 mol FeO tc dng hon ton vi dung dch cha HNO
3
d c cn dung dch thu c bao
nhiu gam mui khan ?
T1. Cho hn hp A gm 3 kim loi X, Y, Z c ha tr ln lt l 3, 2, 1 v t l mol ln lt 1:2:3. Trong
s mol ca X l x(mol). Ha tan hon ton A bng dung dch c cha y(g)HNO
3
(ly d 25% so vi
lng phn ng) sau phn ng thu c dung dch B khng cha NH
4
NO
3
v V lit hn hp kh G (kc)
gm NO
2
v NO. Lp biu thc tnh y theo x v v.
T1. Nung m (g) hn hp X gm 2 mui carbonat trung tnh ca 2 kim loi A v B u c ha tr 2. Sau
mt thi gian thu c 3,36 lit CO
2
(kc) cn li hn hp cht rn Y. Cho Y tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl
d, th thu c ddC v kh D. Phn dung dch C c cn thu 32,5g hn hp mui khan. Cho kh D thot ra
hp th hon ton bi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thu c 15g kt ta. Tnh m.
T1. un nng 0,1 mol este no, n chc E vi 30 ml dung dch 20% (d= 1,20 g/ml) ca mt hidroxit kim
loi kim M . Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng ha, c cn dung dch th thu c cht rn A v 4,6g
ru B, bit ru B b oxi ho bi CuO thnh sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. t
chy cht rn A th thu c 9,54g mui cacbonat v 8,26g hn hp CO
2
v hi H
2
O.
1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng tng qut.
2/ Xc nh tn kim loi kim M.
3/ Tm cng thc phn t ca este E.
T1. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe
2
O
3
t nng. Sau khi kt
thc th nghim ta thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht nng 4,784g. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp thu vo dd
Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c 9,062g kt ta. Mt khc ho tan cht rn B bng dd HCl d thy thot ra 0,6272 lit
hidro (ktc).
1/ Tnh % khi lng cc oxit trong A.
2/ Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong B , bit rng trong B s mol st t oxit bng 1/3 tng s mol ca Fe (II)
v Fe(III) oxit.
T1. t chy hon ton 3g mt mu than ch ch c tp cht S, kh thu c cho hp th hon ton bi 0,5
lit dd NaOH 1,5M thu c dd A cha 2 mui v NaOH d.
Cho kh clo tc dng ht vi A, sau khi phn ng xong thu c dd B . Cho dd B tc dng vi BaCl
2
d thu
c a g kt ta gm BaCO
3
v BaSO
4
, nu ha tan lng kt ta ny trong HCl d cn li 3,495g cht
khng tan.
1/ Tnh % khi lng C v S trong mu than v tnh gi tr ca a.
2/ Tnh nng cc ion trong dd A.
T1. (TSH 2007 Khi A): Ho tan hon ton hh gm 0,12 mol FeS
2
v a mol Cu
2
S vo axit HNO
3
(va ), thu c dd X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO(sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca
a l bao nhiu?
T1. Cho 38,4 gam Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
d, thu c dung dch A v 1 kh NO duy nht.
Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nh, khng thy kh thot ra. Th tch kh NO
(ktc) thot ra l bao nhiu lt?
T1. Cho 16,6 gam hn hp gm (Al, Fe) theo t l mol 1: 1 tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
d thu c
ddA v hn hp kh (N
2
, NO, NO
2
, N
2
O). Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nh,
khng thy kh thot ra. C cn dung dch A thu c khi lng mui khan l bao nhiu gam?
T1. Cho m gam hn hp gm (Zn, Cu) tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
d thu c ddA v hn hp kh
(N
2
, NO, NO
2
, N
2
O). Thy khi lng nc c trong dung dch tng ln 3,6 gam. Cho dung dch A tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH d, un nh, khng thy kh thot ra. Tnh s mol HNO
3
tham gia phn ng.
T1. Cho m gam hn hp X gm (Zn, Fe) tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
d thu c ddA v hn hp
kh (NO, NO
2
). Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c cht rn B, nung cht rn B
trong chn khng n khi lng khng i c 32 gam cht rn C. Tnh khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp
X.
T1. Cho Fe, Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
, sau phn ng ch thu c dung dch A (ch cha 2
mui) v hn hp kh G gm ( 0,2 mol N
2
, 0,4 mol NO, 0,4 mol NO
2
, 0,6 mol N
2
O). S mol HNO
3
tham gia
phn ng.
trang 116
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Cho m gam Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c dung dch A v kh NO duy nht thot ra.
em c cn dung dch A v nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 16 gam mt cht rn. Gi tr ca m
l
T1. Cho 28,8 gam FeO tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c dung dch A (ch cha 1 mui) v kh NO.
Ly dung dch A tc dng ht vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta, nung kt ta n khi lng khng i th thu
c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l
T1. Cho 32 gam Fe
2
O
3
tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
. Ly ton b sn phm sau phn ng cho tc dng
ht vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta, nung kt ta n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi
tr m l
T1. Cho 0,2 mol FeO tc dng hon ton vi dung dch cha HNO
3
d c cn dung dch thu c bao
nhiu gam mui khan ?
T1. Cho 5,76 gam Cu tan trong 160 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra xong, ch thu c
1 mui v mt kh NO. Tip tc cho vo dung dch phn ng lng d H
2
SO
4
li gii phng tip kh V lt
kh NO (ktc). Gi tr ca V l
T1. Cho hn hp Al, Fe vo dung dch HNO
3
long d thu c 13,44 lt NO (iu kin tiu chun). S
mol axit phn ng l :
T1. Ho tan 6,08(g) hn hp bt kim loi Fe v Cu trong dung dch HNO
3
long d thu c 1,792(l) kh
NO duy nht (ktc) . Thnh phn % mi kim loi trong hn hp l:
T1. Cho m gam nhm tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long d, sau phn ng thu c 1,344 lt kh N
2
duy
nht iu kin tiu chun. Gi tr ca m l
T1. Ha tan hon ton 44 gam hn hp gm Al v Fe bng dung dch HNO
3
long, d th thu c 26,88
lt kh NO duy nht iu kin tiu chun. Khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l
BO TON ELECTRON
T1. (Trch : TSH C 2007 khi A): Ha tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d), thu
c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi V (ml) dung dch KMnO
4
0,5M. Gi tr ca V l
T1. Hn hp X gm FeS
2
v MS c s mol nh nhau, M l kim loi c ho tr khng i . Cho 6,51g X tc
dng hon ton vi lng d dd HNO
3
un nng, thu c dd A
1
v 13,216 lit (kc) hn hp kh A
2
c khi
lng l 26,34g gm NO
2
v NO. Thm 1 lng d dd BaCl
2
long vo A
1
, thy to thnh m
1
g kt tu trng
trong dd d axit trn.
1/ Hy cho bit kim loi M trong MS l kim loi g ?
2/ Tnh gi tr khi lng m
1
.
3/ Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X.
T1. Cho 2,52 g hh X gm Al v Mg trn theo t l mol 2 : 3 tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
c th thu c mui
sunfat v 0,03 mol mt sn phm duy nht cha lu hunh. Xc nh sn phm to thnh v vit cc phng
phn ng. (Olympic 30/04/2006)
T1. Ho tan m g hn hp kim loi A gm Fe v kim loi M (c ho tr khng i) trong dd HCl d th thu
c 1,008 lit kh (kc) v dd cha 4,575g mui khan . Tnh m.
T1. Ho tan ht cng lng hn hp A trn trong dd cha hn hp HNO
3
c v H
2
SO
4
c nhit
thch hp th thu c 1,8816 lit hn hp 2 kh (kc) c t khi hi so vi kh H
2
l 25,25. Xc nh kim loi
M.
T1. Cho 7,22g hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M c ha tr khng i. Chia hn hp thnh 2 phn bng
nhau:
Ho tan ht phn 1 trong dd HCl c 2,128 l H
2
.
Ho tan ht phn 2 trong dd HNO
3
c 1,792 l kh NO duy nht.
Xc nh kim loi M v % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X?
T1. Cho 3,61g X tc dng vi 100ml dd A cha Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
.
Sau phn ng thu c ddB v 8,12g cht rn C gm 3 kim loi . Cho cht rn C tc dng vi dd HCl d thu
c 0,672 l H
2
. Cc cht kh o kc v cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Tnh C
M
ca Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
trong ddA.
T1. Ho tan 5,64g Cu(NO
3
)
2
v 1,7g AgNO
3
vo nc c 101,43g dd A. Cho 1,57g hh X bt kim loi
gm Zn v Al vo dd A ri khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c phn rn B v dd D
ch cha 2 mui. Ngm B trong dd H
2
SO
4
long khng thy c kh thot ra. Tnh C% mi mui c trong dd
D.
T1. Ho tan 22,064g hn hp X gm Al v Zn va vi 500ml dd HNO
3
long thu c dd A v 3,136
lit (kc) hn hp kh Y gm 2 kh khng mu (trong c 1 kh ho nu ngoi khng kh), khi lng hn
hp kh Y l 5,18g.
trang 117
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
1/ Tnh % s mol mi kim loi trong hn hp X.
2/ C cn dd A thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan
T1. Cho 12,45g hn hp X gm Al v kim loi M(II) tc dng vi dd HNO
3
d thu c 1,12 lit hn hp
kh (N
2
O v N
2
) c t khi hi so vi hidro bng 18,8 v dd Y . Cho Y tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu c
0,448 lit kh NH
3
. Xc nh kim loi M v khi lng mi kim loi trong X .Bit n
X
= 0,25 mol cc kh o
kc.
T1. Khi cho 9,6 g Mg tc dng ht vi ddH
2
SO
4
m c, thy c 49 g H
2
SO
4
tham gia phn ng, to mui
MgSO
4
, H
2
O v sn phm kh A. Xc nh A?
T1. Cho m gam hn hp 3 kim loi ng trc hidro trong dy hot ng ho hc phn ng ht vi H
2
SO
4
d thu c 1,008 lt kh H
2
(kc). C cn dung dch thu c 7,32 gam cht rn . Vy m c th bng:
T1. Cho 8,8 gam hn hp gm 2 kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng vi
120ml dung dch HCl 1M , c 6,72 lt kh hidro (kc). Hai kim loi l:
A. Be v Mg B. Ca v Sr C. Mg v Ca D. A, B u ng
T1. Cho hn hp A gm: Ag, Cu, Fe phn ng ht vi HNO
3
, thu c hn hp kh G: NO, NO
2
; thy
lng nc tng 7,2 gam. S mol HNO
3
tham gia phn ng l:
T1. M tc dng vi HNO
3
theo phn ng sau:
...M + ...HNO
3
...M(NO
3
)
2
+ 2x N
2
+ 3xNO + ...H
2
O
T khi hi ca hn hp G (N
2
, NO) so vi H
2
s bng
T1. Trn 60g bt Fe vi 30g bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A. Ho
tan A bng dd axit HCl d c dd B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O
2
(ktc). Tnh V, bit cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton.
T1. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R
1
, R
2
c ho tr x, y khng i (R
1
, R
2
khng tc dng vi nc v ng
trc Cu trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dd Cu(NO
3
)
2
th thu c m gam Cu. Cho m gam Cu tc dng ht vi dd HNO
3
d thu c 1,12 l kh NO duy nht
ktc.
Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dd HNO
3
th thu c bao nhiu lt N
2
. Cc th tch
kh o ktc.
T1. Cho 1,35 g hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dd HNO
3
thu c hn hp kh gm 0,01 mol
NO vo 0,04 mol NO
2
. Tnh khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch.
T1. Ho tan hon ton hh gm 0,12 mol FeS
2
v a mol Cu
2
S vo axit HNO
3
(va ), thu c dd X (ch
cha hai mui sunfat) v b mol kh duy nht NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca b l:
T1. Ho tan hon ton hh gm a mol FeS
2
v b mol Cu
2
S vo axit HNO
3
(va ), thu c dd X (ch
cha hai mui sunfat) v 1,6 mol kh duy nht NO(sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca a l:
T1. Ho tan hon ton hh gm 0,12 mol FeS
2
v b mol Cu
2
S vo axit HNO
3
(va ), thu c dd X (ch
cha hai mui sunfat) v 2,4 mol mt sn phm kh duy nht cha nit. Gi tr ca a l:
B BI TP T GII
B1 - T lun:
T1. Hn hp A gm 0,06 mol Mg, 0,02 mol Al v 0,04 mol Fe tc dng ht vi dd HNO
3
thu c V lit
hn hp kh gm N
2
v N
2
O c t khi so vi Hidro bng 20.
1/ Hy biu din cc ptp dng ion thu gn.
2/ V=? ( o ktc ).
3/ Tnh s mol HNO
3
phn ng.
T1. Cho hn hp bt kim loi A gm 0,02 mol Fe, 0,04 mol Al, 0,03 mol Cu v 0,01 mol Zn ha tan ht
vo dung dch HNO
3
thu c V lit hn hp kh gm NO v N
2
O c t khi so vi Hidro l 16,75.Tnh V (
ktc).
T1. Cho hn hp bt kim loi A gm 0,04 mol Al, 0,02 mol Fe v 0,05 mol Cu tc dng vi dd HNO
3
12,6% c V lit hn hp kh gm NO v N
2
c t khi so vi Hidro l 14,75.Tnh V ( ktc), khi lng dd
HNO
3
phn ng bit axit HNO
3
d 10% so vi lng cn dng.
T1. m(g) Fe trong khng kh b oxi ha 1 phn thnh 22(g) hn hp cc oxit v Fe d. Ha tan hn hp
ny vo dd HNO
3
d thu c 4,48 lit kh NO duy nht (kc). Tm m.
T1. m(g) Fe
2
O
3
nung vi CO thiu thu c 6,52(g) hn hp Y gm 4 cht. Ha tan Y ht vo dd HNO
3
th thu c 0,15 mol kh NO duy nht. Tm m.
T1. Cho m(g) hh bt kim loi A gm Mg v Al ha tan ht vo dd HCl d thy gii phng 0,25 mol kh.
Thm 1 lng Cu bng 1,255m (g) vo hh A c hh B. Ha tan B vo dd HNO
3
d th thu c 0,5 mol hh
kh gm NO v NO
2
c t khi so vi Hidro bng 21,4. Tnh tfn % theo klng cc cht trong hh A.
trang 118
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Hn hp X gm 1,56(g) Mg v 0,486(g) Al c ha tan ht vo V lit dd HNO
3
2M thy gii phng
0,4704 lit (kc) hn hp kh gm N
2
v N
2
O. Cng V lit dd HNO
3
ha tan va ht 3,3335(g) kim loi M
gii phng kh N
2
O duy nht. Xc nh kim loi M v tnh V.
T1. Ha tan ht kim loi Mg vo dd cha 1,5 mol HNO
3
thu c dd A v 0,2 mol hh kh gm NO v
N
2
O. Hi kt ta ht lng Mg
2+
c trong dd A cn ti thiu bao nhiu mol NaOH?
T1. Ha tan 12,9(g) hh A gm Zn v 1 kim loi M ha tr II vo dd H
2
SO
4
long d thu c 2,24 lit H
2
.
Cn khi ha tan ht 12,9(g) hh A vo dd H
2
SO
4
c c 4,144 lit hn hp gm SO
2
v H
2
S c t khi so vi
Hidro bng 31,595. Xc nh kim loi M bit th tch cc kh o ktc.
T1. Trn 60g bt Fe vi 30g bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A. Ho
tan A bng dd axit HCl d c dd B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O
2
(ktc). Tnh V, bit cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton.
T1. m gam phoi bo st (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (B) c khi lng
12 gam gm st v cc oxit FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. cho B tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
thy gii
phng ra 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc).
1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
2/ Tnh khi lng m ca A.
T1. Hn hp A c iu ch bng cch ho tan 27,9 gam hp kim gm Al, Mg vi lng va dung dch
HNO
3
1,25M v thu c 8,96 lt kh A (ktc) gm NO v N
2
O, c t khi so H
2
bng 20,25.
1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
2/ Xc nh thnh phn % theo khi lng cc kim loi trong hp kim.
3/ Tnh th tch dung dch HNO
3
dng.
T1. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi M, N c ho tr tng ng l m, n khng i (M, N khng tan trong nc
v ng trc Cu). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch CuSO
4
d. Cho Cu thu c phn ng
hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
d c 1,12 lt kh NO duy nht. Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng
hon ton trong dung dch HNO
3
d th thu c bao nhiu lt N
2
. (Bit th tch cc kh c o ktc)
T1. t chy x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04 gam hn hp A gm cc oxit st. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung
dch HNO
3
thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v NO
2
. T khi ca Y i vi H
2
l 19. Tnh x.
T1. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO
3
d c 1,12 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm NO v
NO
2
c t khi so H
2
bng 21,4. Hy tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat to thnh.
T1. Ho tan hon ton 4,431 gam hn hp Al, Mg bng dung dch HNO
3
long thu c dung dch A v
1,568 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 kh khng mu c khi lng 2,59 gam, trong c mt kh b ho nu trong
khng kh.
1/ Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp.
2/ Tnh s mol HNO
3
phn ng.
3/ Khi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
T1. t chy 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh ng O
2
thu c 7,36 gam hn hp A gm Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe.
Ho tan hon ton lng hn hp A bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c V lt hn hp kh B gm NO v NO
2
c
t khi so H
2
bng 19.
1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
2/ Tnh V (ktc).
T1. Cho 16,2 gam kim loi M (ho tr khng i) tc dng vi 0,15 mol oxi. Cht rn thu c sau phn
ng cho ho tan hon ton vo dung dch HCl d thu c 13,44 lt H
2
(ktc). Xc nh kim loi M (Bit
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton).
T1. Ho tan hon ton 19,2 gam Cu bng dung dch HNO
3
, ton b lng kh NO thu c em oxi ho thnh
NO
2
ri chuyn ht thnh HNO
3
. Tnh th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia vo qu trnh trn.
T1. Cho 7,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M (c ho tr khng i) Chia hn hp thnh 2 phn
bng nhau. Ho tan ht phn 1 trong dung dch HCl, c 2,128 lt H
2
. Ho tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch
HNO
3
c 1,792 lt kh NO duy nht .
1/ Xc nh kim loi M v % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X
2/ Cho 3,61 gam X tc dng vi 100ml dung dch A cha Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
. Sau phn ng thu c dung
dch B v 8,12 gam cht rn D gm 3 kim loi. Cho cht rn D tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c
0,672 lt H
2
. Tnh nng mol ca Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
trong dung dch A. (Cc th tch kh c o
iu kin tiu chun v cc phn ng xy ra hon ton)
T1. Cho m
1
gam hn hp gm Mg, Al vo m
2
gam dung dch HNO
3
24%, sau khi cc kim loi tan ht c
8,96 lt hn hp kh X gm NO, N
2
O v N
2
bay ra (ktc) v c dung dch A. Thm mt lng oxi va
vo X, sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch NaOH d c 4,48 lt hn hp kh Z
trang 119
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
i ra (ktc), t khi hi ca Z so vi H
2
bng 20. Nu cho dung dch NaOH vo A c lng kt ta ln
nht th thu c 62,2 gam kt ta.
1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
2/ Tnh m
1
, m
2
. Bit lng HNO
3
ly d 20% so vi lng cn thit phn ng.
3/ Tnh C% cc cht trong dung dch A.
T1. Cho m gam Al tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO
3
th thy thot ra 11,2 lt kh o ktc gm N
2
, NO
v N
2
O c t l s mol tng ng l 2:1:2 .Tnh m?
T1. Ho tan a gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al vo dung dch HNO
3
c ngui, d th thy thu c 0,336 lt
NO
2
0
0
C, 2atm. Cng a gam hn hp trn khi cho vo dung dch HNO
3
long, d th thu c 0,168 lt kh
NO 0
0
C, 4atm. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u?
T1. Th tch dung dch FeSO
4
0,5M cn thit d phnn ng va vi 100 ml dung dch cha KMnO
4
0,2M v K
2
Cr
2
O
7
0,1M trong mI trng axit l bao nhiu?
T1. Chia 9,76 gam hn hip X gm Cu v oxit ca st lm hai phn bng nhau. Ho tan hon ton phn
th nht trong dung dch HNO
3
hu c dung dch A v 1,12 lt hn hp kh B gm NO v NO
2
ktc, c t
khi so vi hiro bng 19,8. C cn dung dch A thu c 14,78 gam mui khan. Xc nh cng thc phn
t ca oxit st v tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u?
T1. Hoa tan hoan toan 19,2 gam kim loai M trong dung dich HNO
3
d thu c 8,96 lit( ktc) hn hp
gm NO
2
va NO co ti l th tich 3:1. Xac inh kim loai M
T1. Hoa tan hoan toan 11,2 gam Fe vao HNO
3
d thu c dung dich A va 6,72 lit hn hp khi B gm NO
va mt khi X vi ti l th tich la 1:1. Xac inh khi X
T1. Hoa tan ht 2,16g FeO trong HNO
3
c. Sau mt hti gian thy thoat ra 0,224 lit khi X( ktc) la san
phm kh duy nht. Xac inh X
T1. Hoa tan 2,4 g hn hp Cu va Fe co ty l s mol 1:1 vao dung dich H
2
SO
4
c, nong. Kt thuc phan
ng thu c 0,05 mol mt san phm kh duy nht co cha lu huy nh. Xac inh san phm o
T1. Co 3,04g hn hp Fe va Cu hoa tan ht trong dung dich HNO
3
tao thanh 0,08 mol hn hp NO va NO
2
co
M 42
. Hay xac inh thanh phn % hn hp kim loai ban u
T1. Khu y ky 100 ml dung dich A cha AgNO
3
va Cu(NO
3
)
2
vi hn hp kim loai co 0,03 mol Al va 0,05
mol Fe. Sau phan ng c dung dich C va 8,12 gam cht rn B gm 3 kim loai. Cho B tac dung vi dung
dich HCl d thi thu c 0,672 lit H
2
( ktc). Tinh nng mol/l cua AgNO
3
va Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong A
T1. p gam bt st ngoai khng khi sau mt thi gian thu c cht rn R nng 7,52 gam gm Fe, FeO,
Fe
3
O
4
. Hoa tan R bng dung dich HNO
3
c, nong thu c 0,672 lit(ktc) hn hp NO va NO2 co ty l s
mol 1:1. Tinh p.
T1. Trn 2,7 gam Al vao 20 g hn hp Fe
2
O
3
va Fe
3
O
4
ri tin hanh phan ng nhit nhm c hn hp A.
Hoa tan A trong HNO
3
th y thoat ra 0,36 mol NO
2
la san phm kh duy nht. Xac inh khi lng cua
Fe
2
O
3
va Fe
3
O
4
T1. Cho 13,4gam hn hp Fe,Al,Mg tac dung ht vi mt lng dung dich HNO
3
2M( l y d 10%) thu
c 4,48 lit hn hp NO va N
2
O co ty khi so vi H
2
la 18,5 va dung dich khng cha mui amoni. Tinh
th tich dung dich HNO
3
a dung va khi lng mui co trong dung dich sau phan ng
B2 Bi tp trc nghim
T1. Cho 2,52 gam hh Mg , Al tc dng ht vi dd HCl d thu c 2,688 lt kh ktc . Cng cho 2,52 gam
2 kim loai trn tc dng ht vi dd H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c 0,672 lt kh l sp duy nht hnh thnh do s
kh ca S
+6
Xc nh sp duy nht
T1. Oxit ca st c CT : Fe
x
O
y
( trong Fe chim 72,41% theo khi lng ) . Kh hon ton 23,2gam
oxit ny bng CO d th sau phn ng khi lng hn hp kh tng ln 6,4 gam . Ho tan cht rn thu c
bng HNO
3
c nng thu c 1 mui v x mol NO
2
. Gi tr x l
T1. t 8,4 gam bt Fe kim loi trong oxi thu c 10,8 gam hh A cha Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe d . Ho tan
ht 10,8 gam A bng dd HNO
3
long d thu c V lt NO ! ktc . Gi tr V l
T1. Kh hon ton 45,6 gam hn hp A gm Fe , FeO , Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
thu c m gam Fe v 13,5
gam H
2
O . Nu em 45,6 gam A tc dng vi lng d dd HNO
3
long th th tch NO duy nht thu c
ktc l :
T1. Ha tan 32 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh gm NO v NO
2
.
Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi hiro l 17. Xc nh M?
A. Fe B. Zn C. Cu D. Kim loi khc
T1. Cho mt dng CO i qua 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
nung nng thu c m gam hn hp A gm Fe
3
O
4
, FeO , Fe
v Fe
2
O
3
d v hn hp kh X , cho X tc dng vi dd nc vi trong d c 6 gam kt ta . Nu cho m
gam A tc dng vi dd HNO
3
long d th th tch NO duy nht thu c ktc l :
trang 120
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Ho tan ht a gam hp kim Cu ,Mg bng mt lng va dd HNO
3
40% thu c dd X v 6,72 lt
ktc hh 2 kh NO , NO
2
c khi lng 12,2 gam . C cn dd X thu c 41 gam mui khan . Tnh a
T1. Ho tan 35,1 gam Al vo dd HNO
3
long va thu c dd A v hh B cha 2 kh l N
2
v NO c
Phn t khi trung bnh l 29 . Tnh tng th tch hh kh ktc thu c
T1. Cho 16,2 gam kim loi M ( ho tr n ) tc dng vi 0,15 mol O
2
. ho tan cht rn sau phn ng bng
dd HCl d thy bay ra 13,44 lt H
2
ktc . Xc nh M ?
A. Ca B. Mg C. Al D. Fe
T1. Oxi ho chm m gam Fe ngoi KK thu c 12 gam hn hp A gm FeO , Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe d .
Ho tan A bng lng va 200 ml dd HNO
3
thu c 2,24 lt NO ! ktc . Tnh m v C
M
dd HNO
3
:
A . 10,08 g v 3,2M B. 10,08 g v 2M C. Kt qu khc D. khng xc nh
T1. Cho 7,505 g mt hp kim gm hai kim loi tc dng vi dd H
2
SO
4
long , d th thu c 2,24 lt H
2
,
ng thi khi lng hp kim ch cn li 1,005 g ( khng tan ) . Ho tan 1,005 g kim loi khng tan ny
trong H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c 112 ml kh SO
2
. V o ktc . hai kim loi l :
A. Mg v Cu B. Zn v Hg C. Mg v Ag D. Zn v Ag
T1. Ho tan 0,56 gam Fe vo 100 ml dd hn hp HCl 0,2 M v H
2
SO
4
0,1 M thu c V lt H
2
ktc . tnh V
:
T1. Cho 0,125 mol 1 oxit kim loi M vi dd HNO
3
va thu c NO duy nht v dd B cha mt mui
duy nht . C cn dd B thu c 30,25 g cht rn . CT oxit l :
A. Fe
2
O
3
B. Fe
3
O
4
C. Al
2
O
3
D. FeO .
T1. Cho m gam kim loi A tc dng ht vi dd HNO
3
long thu c 0,672 lt NO ! ktc , c cn dd sau
phn ng thu c 12,12 gam tinh th A(NO
3
)
3
.9H
2
O . Kim loi A l
A. Al B. Cr C. Fe D. Khng c kim loi
ph hp
T1. Ho tan 3,24 gam 1 kim loi M bng dd H
2
SO
4
d thu c kh SO
2
. Hp th ht SO
2
vo bnh A
cha 480 ml dd NaOH 0,5 M , sau phn ng phi dng 240 ml dd KOH 0,5 M phn ng ht cc cht
cha trong bnh A . Kim loi M l :
A. Cu B. Fe C. Mg D. Kt qu khc
T1. Cho 62,1 gam Al tan hon ton trong dd HNO
3
long thu c 16,8 lt hh N
2
O , N
2
ktc .Tnh t khi
hn hp kh so vi hidro .
T1. Cho mt hn hp gm 0,03 mol Al v 0,05 mol Fe tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch cha AgNO
3
v
Cu(NO
3
)
2
, khuy k cho ti phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch A v 8,12 gam cht rn B
gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan cht rn B bng dung dch HCl d thy bay ra 672 ml kh H
2
. Tnh nng mol ca
AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong dung dch ban u ca chng. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
T1. Cho hh A gm kim loi R ( ho tr 1 ) v kim loi X ( ho tr 2 ) . Ho tan 3 gam A vo dd c cha
HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
thu c 3,3 gam hh B gm kh NO
2
v kh D c tng th tch l 1,344 lt ktc . Tnh tng
khi lng mui khan thu c bit s mol to mui ca 2 gc axit bng nhau .
T1. Ho tan hhp A gm 1,2 mol FeS
2
v x mol Cu
2
S vo dd HNO
3
va phn ng thu c dd B ch
cha mui sunfat v V lt NO o KTC . Tnh x
T1. Oxiho x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04 gam hhp A gm cc oxit st . Ho tan ht A trong dd HNO
3
thu c 0,035 mol hhp Y cha NO , NO
2
c t khi so vi H
2
l 19 . Tnh x
T1. Cho 21 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Fe, Cu , Al tc dng hon ton vi lng d dd HNO
3
thu c
5,376 lt hn hp hai kh NO , NO
2
c t khi so vi H
2
l 17 . Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng
.
T1. Cho 2,16 gam Al tc dng vi Vlt dd HNO
3
10.5 % ( d = 1,2 g/ml ) thu c 0,03mol mt sp duy
nht hnh thnh ca s kh ca N
+5
. Tnh V ml dd HNO
3
dng
T1. Ho tan 56 gam Fe vo m gam dd HNO
3
20 % thu c dd X , 3,92 gam Fe d v V lt hh kh ktc
gm 2 kh NO , N
2
O c khi lng l 14,28 gam . Tnh V
T1. Ho tan hon ton 17,4 gam hh 3 kim loi Al , Fe , Mg trong dd HCl thy thot ra 13,44 lt kh ktc .
Nu cho 34,8 gam hh 3 kim loi trn tc dng vi dd CuSO
4
d , lc ton b cht rn to ra ri ho tan ht
vo dd HNO
3
c nng th th tch kh thu c ktc l :
T1. a gam bt st ngoai khng khi, sau mt thi gian se chuy n thanh hn hp A co khi lng 75,2
gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
. Cho hn hp A phan ng ht vi dung dich H
2
SO
4
m c, nong thu c
6,72 lit khi SO
2
( ktc). Khi lng a gam la:
T1. Cho 1,92g Cu hoa tan va u trong HNO
3
thu c V lit NO( ktc). Th tich V va khi lng HNO
3
a phan ng:
trang 121
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loai R
1
, R
2
co hoa tri x,y khng i( R
1
va R
2
khng tac dung vi nc va ng
trc Cu trong day hoat ng hoa hoc). Cho hn hp A phan ng hoan toan vi dung dich CuSO
4
d, l y Cu
thu c cho phan ng hoan toan vi dung dich HNO
3
d thu c 1,12 lit NO duy nht( ktc). Nu cho hn
hp A trn phan ng hoan toan vi HNO
3
thi thu c N
2
vi th tich la:
T1. Khi cho 9,6gam Mg tac dung ht vi dung dich H
2
SO
4
m c th y co 49gam H
2
SO
4
tham gia phan
ng tao mui MgSO
4
, H
2
O va san phm kh X. X la:
A. SO
2
B. S C. H
2
S D. SO
2
,H
2
S
T1. Cho 1,35gam hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al tac dung vi HNO
3
d c 1,12lit NO va NO
2
co khi
lng trung binh la 42,8. Bit th tich khi o ktc. Tng khi lng mu i nitrat sinh ra la:
T1. Cho a gam hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe
3
O
4
co s mol bng nhau tac dung hoan toan vi lng va u
la 250ml dung dich HNO
3
, khi un nong nhe c dung dich B va 3,136 lit hn hp khi C( ktc) gm NO
2
va NO co ty khi so vi H
2
bng 20,143
a/ a nhn gia tri.
b/ Nng mol/l HNO
3
a dung.
T1. (TS A 2007): Hoa tan hoan toan 12g hn hp Fe, Cu( ty l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO
3
, thu c V
lit( ktc) hn hp khi X( gm NO va NO
2
) va dung dich Y( chi cha 2 mu i va axit d). Ty khi cua X i
vi H
2
bng 19. Gia tri cua V la:
T1. Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe
2
O
3
nhit cao mt thi gian ngi ta thu c
6,72 g hn hp gm 4 cht rn khac nhau A. em hoa tan hoan toan hn hp nay vao dung dich HNO
3
d
th y tao thanh 0,448 lit khi B duy nh6at1 co ty khi so vi H
2
bng 15. m nhn gia tri la:
T1. Nung m gam st trong khng khi, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8 gam hn hp rn A gm
Fe,FeO,Fe
2
O
3
va Fe
3
O
4
. Hoa tan hoan toan A trong HNO
3
d thu c dung dich B va 12,096 lit hn hp
khi NO va NO
2
(ktc) co ty khi so vi He la 10,167. Gia tri m la:
T1. Cho tan hoan toan 58g hn hp A gm Fe, Cu, Ag trong dung dich HNO
3
2M thu c 0,15 mol NO,
0,05mol N
2
O va dung dich D. C can dung dich D, khi lng mui khan thu c la:
T1. Hoa tan ht 16,3 gam hn hp kim loai gm Mg, Al va Fe trong dung dich H
2
SO
4
c, nong thu c
0,55 mol SO
2
. C can dung dich sau phan ng, khi lng cht rn khan thu c la:
T1. Cho 18,4 g hn hp kim loai A,B tan ht trong dung dich hn hp gm HNO3 c va H
2
SO
4
c, nong
th y thoat ra 0,3 mol NO va 0,3mol SO
2
. C can dung dich sau phan ng, khi lng cht rn thu c la:
PP BO TON IN TCH
T1. Kt qu xc nh nng mol/l cc ion c trong mt dung dch nh sau:
Ion Na
+
Ca
2+
3
NO

Cl
-
3
HCO

Nng mol/l 0,05 0,01 0,01 0,04 0,025


Hi kt qu ng hay sai? Ti sao?
T1. Mt mu nc cng vnh cu c cha 0,03 mol
2
Ca
+
; 0,13 mol
2
Mg
+
0,2 mol Cl

v a mol
2
4
SO

.
Ga tr ca a l :
T1. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na
+
: a mol;
3
HCO

b mol;
2
3
CO

: c mol;
2
4
SO

: D MOL. to ra kt ta
ln nht, ngi ta dng 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng x mol/l. Lp biu thc tnh x theo a v b.
T1. Mt dung dch A c cha 2 cation l Fe
2+
: 0,1 mol; Al
3+
: 0,2 mol v 2 anion l Cl
-
: x mol;
2
4
SO

: y
mol. Khi c cn dung dch A thu c 46,9 gam cht rn. Tm x, y?
T1. (TSC 2007 Khi A): Mt dd c cha 0,02 mol Cu
2+
, 0,03 mol K
+
, x mol Cl
-
, v y mol
2-
4
SO .
Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong dd l 5,435 gam. Tnh gi x, y l:
T1. Dung dch A: 0,1 mol M
2+
; 0,2 mol Al
3+
, 0,3 mol
2-
4
SO v cn li Cl
-
. Khi c cn dung dch A thu c
47,7 gam rn. Vy M l:
T1. Dung dch X c cha x mol Al
3+
, y mol Cu
2+
, z mol
2-
4
SO , 0,4 mol Cl
-
. Nu c cn ddX th thu c
45,2 gam mui khan. Nu cho NH
3
d vo X, thy c 15, 6 gam kt ta.
1/ Tnh x, y, z
2/ Dung dch X c tnh axit, baz, trung tnh hay lng tnh
T1. Dung dch A cha a mol Na
+
, b mol NH
4
+
, c mol SO
4
2-
(khng k cc ion H
+
v OH
-
ca nc). Nu
thm (c + d + e) mol Ba(OH)
2
vo dd A, un nng s thu c kt ta B. Tng s mol cc mui trong B
gm:
trang 122
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Mt dd cha a mol Na
+
, b mol Ca
2+
, c mol HCO
3
-
v d mol Cl
-
.
H thc lin lc gia a, b, c, d c xc nh l:
T1. Cho hn hp gm a mol FeS
2
v b mol Cu
2
S tc dng va vi dung dch HNO
3
th thu c dung
dch A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v 0,8 mol kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm a v b l
T1. Cho hn hp gm a mol FeS
2
v 0,06 mol Cu
2
S tc dng va vi dung dch HNO
3
th thu c
dung dch A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v V lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi
BaCl
2
d th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m l
T1. Cho hn hp gm a mol FeS
2
v b mol Cu
2
S tc dng va vi dung dch HNO
3
th thu c dung
dch A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v 0,8 mol kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi
Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m l
T1. Cho hn hp gm a mol FeS
2
v b mol Cu
2
S tc dng va vi dung dch HNO
3
th thu c dung
dch A (cha 2 mui sunfat) v 2,4 mol kh NO
2
l sn phm kh duy nht. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi
Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c kt ta E. Nung E n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m
l
PHNG PHP TNG GIM KHI LNG
T1. Nhng thanh km vo dd cha 8,32g CdSO
4
. Sau khi kh hon ton ion Cd
2+
khi lng thanh km
tng 2,35% so vi ban u. Hi khi lng thanh km ban u.
T1. Nhng thanh kim loi M ho tr 2 vo dd CuSO
4
, sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy khi lng
gim 0,05%. Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dd Pb(NO
3
)
2
, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng tng 7,1%.
Xc nh M, bit rng s mol CuSO
4
v Pb(NO
3
)
2
tham gia 2 trng hp nh nhau.
T1. Cho 3,78g bt Al phn ng va vi dd mui XCl
3
to thnh dd Y. Khi lng cht tan trong dd Y
gim 4,06g so vi dd XCl
3
. Xc nh cng thc ca mui XCl
3
.
T1. Nung 100g hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng i c 69g
cht rn. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp.
T1. Ho tan hon ton 23,8g hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v mt mui cacbonat ca
kim loi ho tr II vo dd HCl thy thot ra 0,2mol kh. Khi c cn dd sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu
gam mui khan?
T1. Nhng 1 l km nng 5,2g vo 100ml dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M, sau thi gian ly ra cn li ch cn
nng 5,18g. Tnh khi lng Cu bm trn thanh km.
T1. Ngm 1 l Cu trong dung dch AgNO
3
,

sau mt thi gian phn ng ly l Cu ra khi dung dch nhn
thy khi lng Cu tng thm 1,52g.
Tnh khi lng bc to thnh v khi lng Cu phn ng.
T1. A l kim loi ha tr 2. C 2 ming kim loi A cng khi lng. Ming th I nhng vo dung dch
CuSO
4
, ming th II nhng vo dung dch HgSO
4
. Sau mt thi gian thy khi lng ming th I gim
3,6%, ming th II tng 6,75% s phn t gam mui trong 2 dung dch gim nh nhau. Xc nh tn kim
loi A.
T1. Ly 2 thanh kim loi M u c khi lng 1g. Nhng thanh th nht vo dd AgNO
3
v thanh th hai
vo dd Cu(NO
3
)
2
. Sau mt thi gian khi lng thanh th nht tng 151%, thanh th hai gim 1% (so vi
ban u). Bit rng s nguyn t gam ca 2 thanh kim loi tan vo dung dch nh nhau.
1/ Xc nh thanh kim loi M.
2/ S mol trong 2 dung dch AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
thay i nh th no?
T1. C mt hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr trong NaBr chim 10% v khi lng. Ha tan hn hp vo
nc ri cho kh Clor li qua dung dch cho n d lm bay hi dung dch cho ti khi thu c mui khan.
Khi lng hn hp ban u thay i bao nhiu?
T1. C hn hp gm NaI v NaBr. Ha tan hn hp vo nc cho brm d vo dung dch trn. Sau phn
ng c cn dung dch th thy khi lng sn phm nh hn khi lng hn hp 2 mui ban u l m(g).
Ha tan sn phm vo nc ri cho clo li qua cho n d. Sau phn ng c cn dung dch th thy khi
lng sn phm thu c ln 2 nh hn khi lng sn phm ln 1 l m(g). nh phn trm khi lng
ca NaBr trong hn hp u.
T1. C 1 lt dd Na
2
CO
3
0,1M v (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
0,25M. Cho 43g hn hp BaCl
2
v CaCl
2
vo dd . Sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc thu c 39,7g kt ta A. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A.
T1. Ho tan 10g hn hp 2 mui XCO
3
v Y
2
(CO
3
)
3
bng dd HCl ta thu c dd A v 0,672 lt kh bay ra
( ktc). Hi c cn dd A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
trang 123
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Nhng mt thanh nhm nng 50g vo 400ml dd CuSO
4
0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh nhm ra
cn nng 51,38g. Tnh khi lng Cu thot ra v nng cc cht trong dd sau phn ng, gi s tt c Cu
thot ra bm vo thanh nhm.
T1. Ho tan hon ton 10g hn hp 2 kim loi trong dd d, thy to ra 2,24 lt kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dd sau
phn ng, thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
T1. 4,2g ester n chc no E x phng ha bng dung dch NaOH d thu c 4,76g mui. Tm cng
thc phn t ca E.
T1. Cho hn hp 2 ru n chc no tc dng ht vi HBr ta thu c hn hp 2 ankyl bromua tng ng
c khi lng gp i khi lng 2 ru. Phn hy 2 ankyl bromua chuyn brom thnh Br
-
v cho tc
dng v AgNO
3
d th thu c 5,264g kt ta AgBr. Tnh khi lng 2 ru ban u.
T1. t chy hon ton ag hn hp hai ru no, n chc c hn hp kh v hi. Cho hn hp kh v
hi ny ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H
2
SO
4
c v bnh 2 ng nc vi trong d, thy bnh 1 tng 1,98g v
bnh 2 c 8g kt ta. Tnh a.
T1. un p gam hn hp 2 ru vi H
2
SO
4
c thu c V lt (ktc) hn hp 2 anken. t chy hon ton
hn hp anken thu c x lt CO
2
(ktc) v y gam H
2
O. Lp biu thc tnh x, y theo p, V.
PHNG PHP TNG GIM TH TCH (S MOL)
T1 . Cho 2lt N
2
v 8lt

H
2
vo bnh phn ng. Hn hp thu c sau phn ng c th tch bng 8lt (th
tch kh o trong cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Tnh th tch kh amoniac to thnh v hiu sut
phn ng.
T1 . Trn 30ml hn hp X gm N
2
, NO vi 30ml khng kh thu c 54ml hn hp Y. Cho vo hn hp
Y 50ml khng kh thu c 100ml hn hp Z. Cc th tch u o trong cng iu kin v khng kh, O
2
chim 20%. Tnh % th tch ca hn hp X.
T1 . Trong bnh phn ng c 100mol hn hp N
2
v H
2
t l 1:3. p sut ca hn hp kh ban u l 300
atm v ca hn hp sau phn ng l 285 atm. Nhit bnh gi khng i. Tnh s mol cc kh trong hn
hp sau phn ng. Tnh hiu sut phn ng.
T1 . un nng 0,166g hn hp 2 ru vi H
2
SO
4
m c ta thu c hn hp 2 olefin ng ng lin
tip (H = 100%). Trn 2 olefin vi 1,4336 lt khng kh (kc). Sau khi t chy ht olefin v lm ngng
t hi nc th hn hp kh cn li (A) l 1,5 lt (27,3
o
C v 0,9856 atm ).
1/ Tm cng thc phn t v khi lng cc ru.
2/ Tnh khi lng hi nc ngng t.
3/ Tnh d
A/KK .
T1 . t chy hon ton 100cm
3
h
2
X gm cht hu c A (C, H, N) th kh vi khng kh ly d th sau
phn ng thu c 105cm
3
hn hp kh (Y), tip tc cho hi nc ngng t cn 91cm
3
hn hp (Z). Cho (Z)
qua dung dch KOH d cn 83cm
3
(cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin). Tm cng thc phn t ca A.
T1. Trn 150cm
3
hn hp X gm hidrocacbon A v N
2
vi 800cm
3
O
2
ly d . t hn hp thu c
950cm
3
hn hp kh lm lnh cn li 750cm
3
; tip tc cho qua bnh cha dd Ba(OH)
2
d cn li 550cm
3
(cc kh u o trong cng iu kin).
1/ Tm cng thc phn t ca A.
2/ Tnh % th tch cc kh trong hn hp X.
T1. 250ml h
2
X gm hidrocacbon A v CO
2
vo 1,25 lit O
2
ly d ri t, th tch kh sau phn ng l 1,7
lit sau khi qua bnh cha H
2
SO
4
c cn 900ml v tip tc cho qua bnh cha KOH ch cn 250ml .
1/ Tm CTPT A.
2/ Tnh % theo th tch ca h
2
X.
PHNG PHP NG CHO
T1. Cn bao nhiu lt ddH
2
SO
4
c khi lng ring d
1
= 1,84 v bao nhiu lt nc ct (d
2
= 1) pha
thnh 18 lt ddH
2
SO
4
c khi lng d = 1,28.
T1. thu c 120 gam ddHCl 20% cn ly m
1
gam ddHCl 15% pha vi m
2
gam ddHCl 45%. Tnh gi
tr m
1
, m
2
?
T1. Nguyn t Cu c 2 ng v
63 65
29 29
Cu va Cu. Tnh % s nguyn t ca mi loi ng v, bit khi lng
nguyn t Cu l 63,54.
T1 . (TSH 2007- khi A) Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hh Fe, Cu (t l mol 1: 1) bmg dd HNO
3
, thu
c V (lt) hh kh X(gm NO v NO
2
) v ddY (ch cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H
2
bng
19. Gi tr ca V l:
trang 124
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. Cho 12,8 gam hh cc kim loi tc dng ht vi dd HNO
3
d, th thu c 0, 2 mol hhX c 2 kh (NO,
NO
2
), t khi ca X so vi H
2
l 19. Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng?
T1. Ho tan 29,7 gam hh hai mui CaCO
3
v BaCO
3
bng ddHCl d, thu c 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc).
Tnh % theo khi lng ca cc mui CaCO
3
v BaCO
3
.
T1. Mt dd HCl nng 45% v mt dd HCl khc c nng 15%. Cn phi pha ch theo t l no v
khi lng gia 2 dd trn c mt dd mi c nng 20%.
T1. Ho tan bao nhiu gam KOH nguyn cht vo 1200 g dd KOH 12% c dd KOH 20%.
T1. Tm lng nc nguyn cht cn thm vo 1 lt dd H
2
SO
4
98% c dd mi c nng 10%.
T1. Cn bao nhiu lt H
2
SO
4
c t khi d = 1,84 v bao nhiu lt nc ct pha thnh 10 lt dd H
2
SO
4
c d
= 1,28.
T1. Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO
4
. 5H
2
O v bao nhiu gam dd CuSO
4
8% iu ch 280 gam
dd CuSO
4
16%.
T1. Cn ho tan 200g SO
3
vo bao nhiu gam dd H
2
SO
4
49% c dd H
2
SO
4
78,4%.
T1. Cn ly bao nhiu lt H
2
v CO iu ch 26 lt hn hp H
2
v CO c t khi hi i metan bng 1,5.
T1. Cn trn 2 th tch metan vi mt th tch ng ng no ca metan thu c hn hp kh c t
khi hi so vi hiro bng 15.
T1. Ho tan 4,59 gam Al bng dd HNO
3
thu c hn hp kh NO v N
2
O c t khi hi i vi hiro
bng 46,75. Tnh th tch mi kh.
T1. A l qung hematit cha 60% Fe
2
O
3
. B l qung manhetit cha 69,6% Fe
3
O
4
. Cn trn qung A v B
theo t l khi lng nh th no c qung C, m t 1 tn qung C c th iu ch c 0,5 tn gang
cha 4% ccbon.
T1. Cn thm bao nhiu gam nc vo 500g dung dch NaOH 12% c dd NaOH 8% ?
T1. Cn trn H
2
v CO theo t l th tch nh th no c hn hp kh c t khi so vi metan bng
1,5.
T1. Ho tan 4,59g Al bng dd HNO
3
long thu c hn hp kh NO v N
2
O c t khi so vi H
2
bng 16,75.
Tnh t l th tch kh trong hn hp.
T1. Trn 2 th tch CH
4
vi 1 th tch hirocacbon X thu c hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
bng
15. Xc nh CTPT ca X.
T1. T 1 tn qung hematit (A) iu ch c 420kg st. T 1 tn qung manhetit (B) iu ch c
504kg st. Phi trn 2 qung trn vi t l v khi lng l bao nhiu c 1 tn qung hn hp m t 1
tn qung hn hp ny iu ch c 480kg st ?
PHNG PHP TRUNG BNH
T1. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim 2 chu k lin tip. Khi cho 12,4 g hhX tc dng ht vi dd HCl th
thu c 4,48 lit kh H
2
(kc). Hy xc nh:
Tn 2 kim loi kim trong hhX.
Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi.
T1. t chy hon ton 11,8g hn hp 2 ankan ng ng lin tip th thu c 17,92 lit kh CO
2
(kc).
Xc nh CTPT mi ankan.
Tm % th tch mi ankan trong hn hp.
T1. Chia m g hh 2 ru n chc no ng ng lin tip ra lm 2 phn ging nhau:
Phn I : tc dng ht vi Na thu c 2.24 lit H
2
(kc).
Phn II : t chy hon ton thu c 6,72 lit CO
2
(kc). Xc nh cng thc phn t mi ru.
T1. Ho tan 2,84g hn hp 2 mui CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
bng dd HCl thy bay ra 672 cm
3
kh CO
2
( ktc).
Tnh % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u.
T1. Trong thin nhin ng kim loi cha 2 loi
63
29
Cu v
65
29
Cu. Nguyn t lng (s khi trung bnh ca
hn hp cc ng v) ca ng l 64,4. Tnh thnh phn % s lng mi loi ng v.
T1. C 100g dd 23% ca mt axit hu c no n chc (ddA). Thm vo dd A 30g mt axit ng ng lin
tip ta thu c dd B. Ly 1/10 dd B em trung ho bng dd xt (dd trung ho gi l dd C).
1/ Tnh nng % ca cc axit trong dd B.
2/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc axit.
3/ C cn dd C th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
T1. t chy hon ton mt hn hp gm 2 hiro cacbon ng ng lin tip ngi ta thu c 20,16 lt
CO
2
(ktc) v 19,8g H
2
O. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 hiro v tnh thnh phn % theo s mol ca mi
cht.
trang 125
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. t chy 3,075g hn hp 2 ru ng ng ca ru metylic v cho sn phm ln lt i qua bnh
mt ng H
2
SO
4
c v bnh hai ng KOH rn. Tnh khi lng cc bnh tng ln, bit rng nu cho lng
ru trn tc dng vi natri thy bay ra 0,672 lt hiro ( ktc). Lp cng thc phn t 2 ru.
T1. trung ho a gam hn hp 2 axit ng ng lin tip ca axit fomic cn dng 100ml dd NaOH
0,3M. Mt khc em t chy a gam hn hp axit v cho sn phm ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H
2
SO
4
c v bnh 2 ng KOH. Sau khi kt thc th nghim ngi ta nhn thy khi lng bnh 2 tng ln nhiu
hn khi lng bnh 1 l 3,64 gam. Xc nh CTPT ca cc axit.
T1. Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 16 lt cha hn hp hi ba ru n chc A, B, C v 13,44g O
2
, nhit
v p sut trong bnh l 109,2C v 0,98atm. Bt tia la in t chy ht ru, sau a nhit bnh v
136,5C , p sut trong bnh lc ny l P.
T1. Cho tt c kh trong bnh sau khi t chy ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng H
2
SO
4
c v bnh 2 ng KOH
c. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,78g cn bnh 2 tng 6,16g.
1/ Tnh p sut P.
2/ Xc nh cng thc phn t cc ru A, B, C bit rng B, C c cng s nguyn t cacbon v s mol ca
ru A bng 5/3 tng s mol ca cc ru B v C.
T1. Cho 0,672 lit (kc) hn hp kh A gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
Phn 1 cho qua dd Br
2
d, khi lng dd tng x gam, lng Br
2
phn ng l 3,2g khng c kh thot ra
khi dung dch. t chy phn 2 v cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng P
2
O
5
, sau qua bnh ng KOH rn.
Sau th nghim, bnh ng P
2
O
5
tng y gam v bnh ng KOH tng 1,76g.
1/ Tm cng thc 2 hidrocacbon.
2/ Tnh % th tch cc kh trong A.
3/ Tnh x v y
T1. Ho tan hon ton 4,68g hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip trong nhm IIA vo
dd HCl thu c 1,12 lit CO
2
ktc. Xc nh tn kim loi A v B.
T1. t chy hon ton a g hn hp hai ru no, n chc lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c 3,584
lt CO
2
ktc v 3,96g H
2
O. Tnh a v xc nh CTPT ca cc ru.
T1. Hn hp 3 ru n chc A, B, C c tng s mol l 0,08 v khi lng l 3,387. Xc nh CTPT ca
A, B, C, bit rng B v C c cng s nguyn t cacbon v s mol ru A bng Error! Objects cannot be
created from editing field codes. tng s mol ca ru B v C.
T1. Cho 2,84g hn hp 2 ru n chc l ng ng lin tip nhau tc dng vi mt lng Na va to
ra 4,6g cht rn v V lt kh H
2
ktc. Tnh V v xc nh CTPT ca cc ru.
PHNG PHP BIN LUN
T1. Tm CTPT ca hp cht hu c c CTN l (C
2
H
7
N)n?
T1. Tm CTPT ca hp cht hu c c CTN l (C
4
H
9
ClO)n?
T1. Mt axit no a chc mch h c cng thc nguyn l (C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
. Tm CTPT ca A?
T1. Mt axit cacboxylic mch h CTN l (C
4
H
7
O
2
)
m
. Tm CTPT?
T1. Mt amin bc nht c CTN l (CH
4
N)
n
. Tm CTCT ca amin?
T1. Mt hp cht hu c c cng thc nguyn l (CH
3
O)
n
. Tm CTPT?
T1. Mt anhit no, a chc, mch h c cng thc nguyn l (C
2
H
3
O)
n
. Tm CTPT?
T1. Mt axit no, mch h c cng thc nguyn l (C
2
H
3
O
2
)
n
. Bin lun tm CTPT?
T1. Nguyn t Y c tng s ht (p, e, n) l 34. Xc nh s proton, s ntron, s electron trong nguyn t
Y v tn nguyn t Y?
T1. T khi hi ca mt aneht A i vi hiro bng 28. Xc nh CTPT. Vit CTPT ca aneht.
T1. Khi thu phn 0,01 mol este ca mt ru a chc vi mt axit n chc, tiu tn 1,2g xt. Mt khc,
khi thu phn 6,53g este tiu tn 3g xt v thu c 7,05g mui. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca este.
T1. Ho tan hon ton hn hp A gm Al v kim loi X (ho tr a) trong H
2
SO
4
c nng n khi khng
cn kh thot ra thu c dd B v kh C. Kh C b hp th NaOH d to ra 50,4g mui. Khi thm vo A mt
lng kim loi X bng 2 ln lng kim loi X c trong A (gi nguyn lng Al) ri ho tan hon ton bng
H
2
SO
4
c, nng th lng mui trong dd mi tng thm 32g so vi lng mui trong dd B nhng nu gim
mt na lng Al c trong A (gi nguyn lng X) th khi ho tan ta thu c l 5,6l (ktc) kh C.
1/ Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca X bit rng s ht (p, n, e) trong X l 93.
2/ Tnh % v khi lng cc kim loi trong A.
T1. Oxi ha 4 gam ru n chc X bng oxi (c xc tc) thu c 5,6 gam hhY gm anehit, ru d,
nc. Xc nh CTPT X v hiu sut phn ng?
PHNG PHP DNG PHNG TRNH ION
trang 126
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. (TSH 2007 khi A): Trn 100 ml dd A gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dd B gm
H
2
SO
4
0,0375 M v HCl 0,0125M thu c ddX.
Gi tr pH ca ddX l (Gi s cc axit v baz trn u in li mnh c hai nc):
T1. (TSH 2007 khi B): Thc hin hai th nghim sau:
TN 1: Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dd HNO
3
1M thot ra V
1
lt kh NO.
TN 2: Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dd gm HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M thot ra V
2
lt kh NO. Bit
NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V
1
v V
2
l
T1. (Thi Th TNPT - 2007): Hn hp A gm (Na, K, Ba). Cho hhA vo nc thu c ddB v 4, 48 lt
kh H
2
(ktc). B tc dng va vi m gam Al. Gi tr ca m l
T1. Cho mt lng bt ng d vo dd cha 0,5 mol KNO
3
sau thm tip dd cha 0,2 mol HCl v 0,3
mol H
2
SO
4
cho n khi kt thc phn ng. Tnh th tch kh khng mu (nng hn khng kh) bay ra ktc.
T1. Cho 1,92 gam ng vo 100ml dd cha ng thi KNO
3
0,16M v H
2
SO
4
0,4M, thy sinh ra mt cht
kh c t khi hi i vi H
2
l 15 v thu dd A.
1/ Vit phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng xy ra v tnh th tch kh sinh ra (ktc)
2/ Tnh th tch dd NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta ton b Cu
2+
trong ddA.
(HQG TP. HCM t 2-2000-2001)
PHNG PHP NG LNG TRAO I
T1. Cho 16,8 gam Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c dung dch A (ch cha mt mui) v 1 kh
NO thot ra, khi lng nc tng ln 7,2 gam. Khi lng mui c trong dung dch A l
T1. Hn hp A gm Cu, Fe c t l khi lng m
Cu
: m
Fe
= 7 : 3. Ly m gam A cho phn ng hon ton vi
ddHNO
3
thy c 44,1g HNO
3
phn ng, thu c 0,75m gam cht rn, dung dch B v 5,6lt kh C gm
NO, NO
2
(ktc). Khi lng m gam A trn l
T1. Cho 28,6 gam Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c dung dch A v 1792 ml kh NO (ktc)
(duy nht). C cn dung dch A, thu c khi lng mui khan l
T1. Cho m gam Mg tc dng va vi dung dch HNO
3
th thu c 0,06 mol NO
2
duy nht thot ra v
dung dch A. Ly ton b dung dch A tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,2 M. Gi tr ca m l
T1. Cho 14,08 gam Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c dung dch A v V lt kh NO duy nht
thot ra (ktc). C cn dung dch A v en nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 13,216 lt kh (ktc)
thot ra. Gi tr ca V l
T1. Oxi ho chm m gam Fe ngoi khng kh thu c 24g hn hp A gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe d.
Ho tan hn hp A va bi dung dch HNO
3
thu c 13,44 lt NO
2
duy nht (ktc). Khi lng m gam
Fe ban u l:
T1. Nung 32,4 gam kim loi R (c ha tr khng i) vi O
2
th thu c 42 gam hn hp rn A. Ha tan
ht rn A bng 3400 ml ddHCl 1 M th thu c 26,88 lt kh (ktc) v m gam mui. Xc nh R v gi tr
m?
T1. Cho 0,02 mol Fe, 0,03mol Cu tc dng vi dung dch c cha 0,12 mol AgNO
3
th thu c m gam
kt ta v dung dch A. Thm t t ddHCl n d v b gam Cu vo dung dch A n khi phn ng hon ton
(gi s ch to sn phm kh l NO). Gi tr m v b l
T CHN LNG CHT V LNG CHT D
S c mt lng cht d thng lm cho bi ton tr nn phc tp, pht hin v gii
quyt nhng bi ton ca dng ton ny, yu cu cc em phi nm c nhng ni dung
sau:
1/ Nguyn nhn c lng cht d:
a/ Lng cho trong bi ton khng ph hp vi phn ng.
b/ Tng tc ho hc xy ra khng hon ton, (theo hiu sut < 100%).
2/ Vai tr ca cht d:
a/ Tc dng vi cht cho vo sau phn ng.
b/ Tc dng vi cht to thnh sau phn ng.
3/ Cch pht hin c lng cht d v hng gii quyt.
Cht d trong bi ton ho hc thng biu hin hai mt: nh lng v nh tnh (ch yu
l nh lng), v th cc em cn c k bi trc khi bt tay vo gii. Sau y chng ti
xin gii thiu mt s v d:
* Cht d tc dng ln cht mi cho vo:
trang 127
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
T1. em 11,2g bt Fe tc dng vi 1 lt dd HNO
3
1,8M (to NO). Sau phi dng 2 lt dd NaOH
phn ng hon ton vi dd sau phn ng. Tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh nng M ca dd NaOH
dng.
T1. em 80g CuO tc dng vi dd H
2
SO
4
ta thu c dd A. Nh vo A mt lng dd BaCl
2
va , lc
kt ta sy kh, cn nng 349,5g. Tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton.
* Cht d tc dng vi cht to thnh sau phn ng.
T1. em 0,8mol AlCl
3
trong dd phn ng vi 3 lt dd NaOH 1M. Hi cui cng ta thu c g? Bit tt c
phn ng xy ra hon ton.
T1. t chy m g bt Fe trong bnh A cha 3,38lt kh Clo 0C, 1 atm; ch cho tt c phn ng xy ra
xong, ta cho vo bnh mt lng dd NaOH va th thu c kt ta em sy kh ngoi khng kh th
nhn thy khi lng tng thm l 1,02g. Tt c phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Vit tt c phn ng xy ra, tnh khi lng bt Fe dng.
GII TON BNG PP HA TR
T1. Cho 6,55g hn hp Na, Na
2
O ho tan hon ton vo nc, thu c 1,68 lt kh(ktc), thnh phn
phn trm ca Na
2
O trong hn hp l:
T1. Cho V (ml) dung dch A gm K
2
CO
3
0,35 M v Na
3
PO
4
0,1 M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch
B gm Ba(NO
3
)
2
0,25 M v CaCl
2
0,75 M. Gi tr ca V l
T1. Cho V (ml) dung dch A gm MgCl
2
0,25 M v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,25 M tc dng va vi 200 ml dung
dch B gm Ba(OH)
2
0,25 M v NaOH 0,5 M. Gi tr ca V l
T1. Hn hp gm NaHCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
d thu c 29,55 g kt ta. Mt
khc cng lng hn hp trn tc dng va ht vi 250ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng hn hp mui
ban u l:
T1. Cho V (lt) dung dch A gm NaOH 0,5 M v Ba(OH)
2
0,25 M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch
Y gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
1,0 M v Fe(NO
3
)
3
0,75 M. Gi tr ca V l
T1. Cho V (lt) dung dch A gm NaOH 0,5 M v Ba(OH)
2
0,25 M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch
Y gm Zn(NO
3
)
2
1,0 M v Al(NO
3
)
3
0,75 M thu c dung dch C nhng khng thu c kt ta.. Gi tr
ca V l
T1. Mt cc cha 200ml nc cng c: Ca(HCO
3
)
2
0,1M v CaCl
2
0,2M . lm mt tnh cng ca nc,
ngi ta phi dng bao nhiu ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
0,5 M ?
T1. Cho 8,7 g hn hp gm K v Mg tan vo nc thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng mi kim loi
trong hn hp ln lt l:
T1. Ha tan 2 kim loi Ba v Na vo nc c dd(A) v c 13,44 lt H
2
bay ra (ktc). Th tch dung dch
HCl 1M cn trung ha hon ton dd A l:
T1. Ho tan ht 11 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al , Fe, Zn trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c 0,4 mol
H
2
v x gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh x? .
T1. t chy ht 2,86 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al, Fe , Cu c 4,14 gam hn hp 3 oxit . ho tan
ht hn hp oxit ny, phi dng ng 0,4 lt dung dch HCl v thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dich X
th khi lng mui khan l bao nhu ? .
T1. t chy x gam hh 3 kim loi Mg , Al , Fe bng 0,8 mol O
2
, thu c 37,4 gam hh rn B v cn li
0,2 mol O
2
. Ho tan 37,4 gam hh B bng y lt dd H
2
SO
4
2 M ( va ) , thu c z gam hh mui khan .
Tnh x, y,z .
T1. Cho 24,12gam hn hp X gm CuO , Fe
2
O
3
, Al
2
O
3
tc dng va vi 350ml dd HNO
3
4M ri un
n khan dung dch sau phn ng th thu c m gam hn hp mui khan. Tnh m .
T1. Cho 16 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim v kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thu uc
dung dch B v 3,36 lt kh H
2
(ktc) . Nu c cn dung dch B c m
1
gam hn hp rn , cn nu trung ho
dung dich B bng dung dich HCl ri c cn dung dch sn phm th c m
2
gam hn hp mui khan . Tnh
m
1
v m
2
.
PHNG PHP TCH GHP
T1. Ho tan hn hp Mg v Zn trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
d thu c 1,792(l) H
2
(kc) , lng Zn gp
4,514 ln lng Mg . Khi lng hn hp ban u l:
T1. Tch ghp. Ha tan hon ton 1,53g hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Cu, Zn vo dung dch HCl d thy thot
ra 448 ml lt H
2
(kc) . C cn hn hp sau phn ng ri nung khan trong chn khng s thu c mt cht
rn c khi lng l :
T1. Cho1,78 gam hn hp 2 kim loi ha tr II tan hon ton trong dd H
2
SO
4
long thu 0,896 lt H
2
(kc).
Khi lng mui thu c l :
T1. Chia hn hp hai kim loi A v B c ha tr khng i thnh hai phn bng nhau:
trang 128
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Phn 1: Tan ht trong dung dch HCl to ra 1.792 lt H
2
(kc) .
Phn 2: Nung trong kh oxi thu c 2.84 gam hn hp oxit.
Khi lng hn hp hai kim loi ban u l:
T1. Cho 1g bt Fe tip xc vi oxi mt thi gian, thy khi lng bt vt qu 1,41g. Nu ch to thnh
mt oxit duy nht th l:
T1. Ho tan 9,14g hn hp Cu, Fe, Al bng ddHCl d thu c 7,84lt kh A(kc) v 2,54g cht rn B v
dd C. Khi lng mui c trong dd C l :
T1. Cho 10g kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thu c 6,11 lt kh ( 25
0
C , 1atm). Kim loi kim
th dng l:
T1. Ho tan 7,8 g kim loi X vo nc thu c 2,24 lit kh(ktc). Kim loi X l:
T1. Ho tan hon ton 2g kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II vo dung dch HCl. Sau c cn thu
c 5,55g mui khan. Kim loi l:
T1. Ho tan ht 0,5 (g) hn hp Fe v kim loi ho tr II bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, thu c 1,12 (l) H
2
(kc) .Kim loi ho tr II l :
T1. Ho tan mu hp kim Ba- Na vo nc thu c dung dch A v c 13,44 (l) H
2
bay ra (kc)
trung ho 1/10 dung dch A , th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn dng l:
T1. Cho 68,5g mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thu c 12,22lt kh hidr o 25
0
C v 1
atm. Tn ca kim loi kim th l:
A. Magie B. Canxi C. Stronti D. Bari
T1. Cho 4,2 hn hp gm Mg, Fe v Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, thy thot ra 2,24l H
2
ktc.
Khi lng mui khan to ra khi c cn dung dch l:
PHNG PHP 14. PHNG PHP QUY I TNG NG (XEM THM TI LIU PP DO
T. CAO SON)
PHNG PHP 11. PHNG PHP TH
PHNG PHP 12. PHNG PHP SO SNH
THI GIO VIN GII MN HO HC NM HC 2010 - 2011
( thi gian lm bi 90 )
Cu 1. (4,0 im)
Thy ( hoc c) hy nu r mc tiu v th hin cc phng php dy hc tch cc
khi dy mt ni dung ha hc: tnh cht ho hc ca mui nitrat phn phn ng nhit
phn
Cc mui nitrat d b nhit phn hu, gii phng oxi.V vy , nhit cao cc mui nitrat c tnh oxihoa
mnh
- Mui nitrat ca cc kim loi hot ng mnh ( kali, natri,...) b phn hu
thnh mui nitrit v O
2
.
Th d: 2KNO
3

0
t

2KNO
2
+ O
2
- Mui nitrat ca cc kim loi magie, km, st, ch, ngb phn hu
thnh oxit kim loi tng ng, NO
2
v O
2
.
Th d: 2Mg(NO
3
)
2

o
t

2MgO + 4NO
2
+ O
2
- Mui nitrat ca bc, vng, thu ngnb phn hu thnh kim loi tng
ng, NO
2
v O
2
.
Th d: 2AgNO
3

0
t

2Ag + 2NO
2
+ O
2
(Trang 42- 43 Ho hc 11).
Cu 2. (4,0 im)
Thy ( hoc c) hy hng dn hc sinh gii cc bi tp ho hc sau v cho bit tc dng
ca cc bi tp :
Bi 1. Hn hp X gm 2 anehit l ng ng k tip. t chy ht 10,2 gam
X cn dng va 14,56 lt kh O
2
ktc thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
kct. Cho
trang 129
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
20,4 gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO
3
(trong NH
3
) th khi lng Ag
thu c l bao nhiu gam?
Bi 2 . ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
cn dng va 400
ml dung dch HCl 2M thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
( ktc) . Hy tnh thnh phn % khi
lng nh nht ca Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp X?
Cu 3.(2,0) Bi ton: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng
phn t ca Z gp i khi lng phn t ca X. Hy xc nh dy ng ng ca cc hirocacbon?
C 1 hc sinh gii nh sau : Gi cng thc ca 3 hirocacbon ln lt l: C
x
H
y
; C
x+1
H
y+2
; C
2x
H
2y
Ta c: 2x = x + 1 + 1
2y = y + 2 + 2
x = 2; y = 4 cng thc ca X l C
2
H
4
Kt lun: X; Y; Z thuc dy ng ng ca an ken
Thy ( hoc c) hy nhn xt v cch lm bi ca hc sinh ?
( Gio vin khng cn phi s dng thm ti liu g)
THI GIO VIN GII MN HO HC NM HC 2010 - 2011
( thi gian lm bi 90 )
Cu 1. (4,0 im)
Thy ( hoc c) hy nu r mc tiu v th hin cc phng php dy hc tch cc
khi dy mt ni dung ha hc: tnh cht ho hc ca mui nitrat phn phn ng nhit
phn
Cc mui nitrat d b nhit phn hu, gii phng oxi.V vy , nhit cao cc mui nitrat c tnh oxihoa
mnh
- Mui nitrat ca cc kim loi hot ng mnh ( kali, natri,...) b phn hu
thnh mui nitrit v O
2
.
Th d: 2KNO
3

0
t

2KNO
2
+ O
2
- Mui nitrat ca cc kim loi magie, km, st, ch, ngb phn hu
thnh oxit kim loi tng ng, NO
2
v O
2
.
Th d: 2Mg(NO
3
)
2

o
t

2MgO + 4NO
2
+ O
2
- Mui nitrat ca bc, vng, thu ngnb phn hu thnh kim loi tng
ng, NO
2
v O
2
.
Th d: 2AgNO
3

0
t

2Ag + 2NO
2
+ O
2
(Trang 42- 43 Ho hc 11).
Cu 2. (4,0 im)
Thy ( hoc c) hy hng dn hc sinh gii cc bi tp ho hc sau v cho bit tc dng
ca cc bi tp :
Bi 1. Hn hp X gm 2 anehit l ng ng k tip. t chy ht 10,2 gam
X cn dng va 14,56 lt kh O
2
ktc thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
kct. Cho
20,4 gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO
3
(trong NH
3
) th khi lng Ag
thu c l bao nhiu gam?
Bi 2 . ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
cn dng va 400
ml dung dch HCl 2M thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
( ktc) . Hy tnh thnh phn % khi
lng nh nht ca Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp X?
Cu 3.(2,0) Bi ton: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng
phn t ca Z gp i khi lng phn t ca X. Hy xc nh dy ng ng ca cc hirocacbon?
C 1 hc sinh gii nh sau : Gi cng thc ca 3 hirocacbon ln lt l: C
x
H
y
; C
x+1
H
y+2
; C
2x
H
2y
Ta c: 2x = x + 1 + 1
2y = y + 2 + 2
trang 130
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
x = 2; y = 4 cng thc ca X l C
2
H
4
Kt lun: X; Y; Z thuc dy ng ng ca an ken
Thy ( hoc c) hy nhn xt v cch lm bi ca hc sinh ?
( Gio vin khng cn phi s dng thm ti liu g)
KIM TRA THNG XUYN- LN 1- HKII(2010-2011)
MN HO HC- LP 12 NNG CAO
I- MC TIU
1- Kin thc: HS bit hiu v v tr, cu to, tnh cht: vt l, ho hc ca kim loi st v hp cht ca
chng.
2. K nng: vit ptp, gii bi tp.
3. T duy: so snh, phn tch tng hp.
II- KIM TRA M 276
Cho Fe=56 ; O=16 ; H=1 ; Al=27 ; S=32 ; Ca=40 ; N=14
Cu 1. iu ch Fe(NO
3
)
2
ta c th dng phn ng no sau y?
A. Fe + HNO
3
B. Dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Fe
C. FeO + HNO
3
D. FeS+ HNO
3
Cu 2. Khi iu ch FeCl
2
bng cch cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl. bo qun dung dch FeCl
2
thu
c khng b chuyn ha thnh hp cht st ba, ngi ta c th cho thm vo dung dch:
A. 1 lng st d. B. 1 lng km d. C. 1 lng HCl d. D. 1 lng HNO
3
d.
Cu 3. Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng
gia FeSO
4
vi dung dch KMnO
4
trong H
2
SO
4
l
A. 36 B. 34 C. 35 D. 33
Cu 4. Cho s phn ng sau:
Fe + O
2
cao t
0
(A);
(A) + HCl (B) + (C) + H
2
O;
(B) + NaOH (D) + (G);
(C) + NaOH (E) + (G);
(D) + ? + ? (E);
(E)
o
t

(F) + ? ;
Th t cc cht (A), (D), (F) ln lt l:
A. Fe
2
O
3
, Fe(OH)
3
, Fe
2
O
3
B. Fe
3
O
4
, Fe(OH)
3
, Fe
2
O
3
C. Fe
3
O
4
, Fe(OH)
2
, Fe
2
O
3
D. Fe
2
O
3
, Fe(OH)
2
, Fe
2
O
3
Cu 5. C th dng mt ho cht phn bit Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
. Ho cht ny l:
A. HCl long B. HCl c C. H
2
SO
4
long D. HNO
3
long.
Cu 6. Thm dd NaOH d vo dd cha 0,015 mol FeCl
2
trong khng kh. Khi cc p xy
ra hon ton th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 1,095 gam B. 1,350 gam C. 1,605 gam D. 13,05 gam
Cu 7. Th tch dung dch HNO
3
1M (long) t nht cn dng ha tan hon ton mt hn hp gm 0,15
mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 0,8 lt. B. 1,0 lt. C. 0,6 lt. D. 1,2 lt.
Cu 8. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long d
thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m
gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 35,5. B. 34,6. C. 49,09. D. 38,72.
Cu 9. Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c nng, d, thot ra 0,112 lt kh SO
2
(
ktc l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l:
A. FeS. B. FeO. C. FeS
2
. D. FeCO
3
.
Cu 10. Kh hoan toan 4,06g oxit kim loai bang CO nhiet o cao tao kim
loai va kh. Kh sinh ra cho hap thu het vao dd Ca(OH)
2
d tao 7 g ket tua.
trang 131
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
kim loai sinh ra cho tac dung het vi dd HCl d thu c 1,176l kh H
2
(ktc). Oxit
kim loai la
A. Fe
2
O
3
B. MgO C. Fe
3
O
4
D. FeO
Cu 11. Dy kim loi b th ng trong axit HNO
3
c, ngui l:
A. Fe, Al, Cr B. Fe, Al, Ag C. Fe, Al, Cu D. Fe, Zn, Cr
Cu 12. Cau hnh e nao sau ay viet ung?
A.
26
Fe: [Ar] 4s
1
3d
7
B.
26
Fe
2+
: [Ar] 4s
2
3d
4
C.
26
Fe
2+
: [Ar] 3d
4
4s
2
D.
26
Fe
3+
: [Ar] 3d
5
Cu 13. Trong cc phn ng ha hc cho di y, phn ng no khng ng ?
A. Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
B. Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
C. Fe + Cl
2
FeCl
2
D. Fe + H
2
O
o o
t 570 C >

FeO + H
2
Cu 14. Phn ng no sau y c vit khng ng?
A. 3Fe + 2O
2

o
t

Fe
3
O
4
B. 2Fe + 3Cl
2

o
t

2FeCl
3

C. 2Fe + 3I
2

o
t

2FeI
3
D. Fe + S
o
t

FeS
Cu 15. Cho hn hp Fe + Cu tc dng vi HNO
3
, phn ng xong thu c dung dch A ch cha 1 cht
tan. Cht tan l
A. HNO
3
B. Fe(NO
3
)
3
C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
D. Fe(NO
3
)
2
Cu 16. Cho bt Fe vo dung dch HNO
3
long, phn ng kt thc thy c bt Fe cn d. Dung dch thu
c sau phn ng l:
A. Fe(NO
3
)
3
B. Fe(NO
3
)
3
, HNO
3
C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
D. Fe(NO
3
)
2
,Fe(NO
3
)
3

Cu 17. Hn hp kim loi no sau y tt c u tham gia phn ng trc tip vi mui st (III) trong dung
dch ?
A. Na, Al, Zn B. Fe, Mg, Cu C. Ba, Mg, Ni D. K, Ca, Al
Cu 18. Cho cc cht Cu, Fe, Ag v cc dung dch HCl, CuSO
4
, FeCl
2
, FeCl
3
.S cp cht c phn ng
vi nhau l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 19. Trong cac loai quang sat , Quang cha ham lng % Fe ln nhat la
A. Hematit (Fe
2
O
3
)

B. Manhetit ( Fe
3
O
4
) C. Xierit (FeCO
3
)

D. Pirit (FeS
2
)
Cu 20. Ha tan mt lng Fe
x
O
y
bng H
2
SO
4
long d c dung dch A. Bit A va c kh nng lm mt
mu dung dch thuc tm, va c kh nng ha tan c bt Cu. Xc nh CTPT ca oxit st
A. FeO B. Fe
2
O
3
C. Fe
3
O
4
D. khng xc nh
-----Ht-----
KIM TRA THNG XUYN- LN 2- HKII( 2010-2011)
MN HO HC- LP 12 NNG CAO
H v tn HS:. M 689
Lp 12T.STT: .
trang 132
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cho Fe=56 ; O=16 ; H=1 ; Al=27 ; S=32 ; Ca=40 ; N=14
Cu 1. Dy kim loi b th ng trong axit HNO
3
c, ngui l
A. Fe, Al, Cr B. Fe, Al, Ag C. Fe, Al, Cu D. Fe, Zn, Cr
Cu 2. Cau hnh e nao sau ay viet ung?
A.
26
Fe: [Ar] 4s
1
3d
7
B.
26
Fe
2+
: [Ar] 4s
2
3d
4
C.
26
Fe
2+
: [Ar] 3d
4
4s
2
D.
26
Fe
3+
: [Ar] 3d
5
Cu 3. Trong cc phn ng ha hc cho di y, phn ng no khng ng ?
A. Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
B. Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
C. Fe + Cl
2
FeCl
2
D. Fe + H
2
O
o o
t 570 C >

FeO + H
2
Cu 4. Phn ng no sau y c vit khng ng?
A. 3Fe + 2O
2

o
t

Fe
3
O
4
B. 2Fe + 3Cl
2

o
t

2FeCl
3

C. 2Fe + 3I
2

o
t

2FeI
3
D. Fe + S
o
t

FeS
Cu 5. Cho hn hp Fe + Cu tc dng vi HNO
3
, phn ng xong thu c dung dch A ch cha 1 cht tan.
Cht tan l
A. HNO
3
B. Fe(NO
3
)
3
C. Cu(NO
3
)
2
D. Fe(NO
3
)
2
Cu 6. Cho bt Fe vo dung dch HNO
3
long ,phn ng kt thc thy c bt Fe cn d.Dung dch thu
c sau phn ng l:
A. Fe(NO
3
)
3
B. Fe(NO
3
)
3
, HNO
3
C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
D.Fe(NO
3
)
2
,Fe(NO
3
)
3

Cu 7. Hn hp kim loi no sau y tt c u tham gia phn ng trc tip vi mui st (III) trong dung
dch ?
A. Na, Al, Zn B. Fe, Mg, Cu C. Ba, Mg, Ni D. K, Ca, Al
Cu 8. Cho cc cht Cu, Fe, Ag v cc dung dch HCl, CuSO
4
, FeCl
2
, FeCl
3
.S cp cht c phn ng vi
nhau l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 9. Trong cac loai quang sat , Quang cha ham lng % Fe ln nhat la
A. Hematit (Fe
2
O
3
)

B. Manhetit ( Fe
3
O
4
) C. Xierit (FeCO
3
)

D. Pirit (FeS
2
)
Cu 10. Ha tan mt lng Fe
x
O
y
bng H
2
SO
4
long d c dung dch A. Bit A va c kh nng lm mt
mu dung dch thuc tm, va c kh nng ha tan c bt Cu. Xc nh CTPT ca oxit st
A. FeO B. Fe
2
O
3
C. Fe
3
O
4
D. khng xc nh
Cu 11. iu ch Fe(NO
3
)
2
ta c th dng phn ng no sau y?
A. Fe + HNO
3
B. Dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Fe
C. FeO + HNO
3
D. FeS+ HNO
3
Cu 12 Khi iu ch FeCl
2
bng cch cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl. bo qun dung dch FeCl
2
thu
c khng b chuyn ha thnh hp cht st ba, ngi ta c th cho thm vo dd:
A.1 lng st d. B. 1 lng km d. C.1 lng HCl d. D.1 lng HNO
3
d.
Cu 13. Tng h s cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng
gia FeSO
4
vi dung dch KMnO
4
trong H
2
SO
4
l
A. 36 B. 34 C. 35 D. 33
Cu 14. Cho s phn ng sau:
Fe + O
2
cao t
0
(A);
(A) + HCl (B) + (C) + H
2
O;
(B) + NaOH (D) + (G);
(C) + NaOH (E) + (G);
(D) + ? + ? (E);
(E)
o
t

(F) + ? ;
Th t cc cht (A), (D), (F) ln lt l:
A. Fe
2
O
3
, Fe(OH)
3
, Fe
2
O
3
B. Fe
3
O
4
, Fe(OH)
3
, Fe
2
O
3
C. Fe
3
O
4
, Fe(OH)
2
, Fe
2
O
3
D. Fe
2
O
3
, Fe(OH)
2
, Fe
2
O
3
Cu 15. C th dng mt ho cht phn bit Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
. Ho cht ny l:
A. HCl long B. HCl c C. H
2
SO
4
long D. HNO
3
long.
trang 133
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
Cu 16. Thm dd NaOH d vo dd cha 0,015 mol FeCl
2
trong khng kh. Khi cc p xy
ra hon ton th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 1,095 gam B. 1,350 gam C. 1,605 gam D. 13,05 gam
Cu 17. Th tch dung dch HNO
3
1M (long) t nht cn dng ha tan hon ton mt hn hp gm 0,15
mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 0,8 lt. B. 1,0 lt. C. 0,6 lt. D. 1,2 lt.
Cu 18. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long d
thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m
gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 35,5. B. 34,6. C. 49,09. D. 38,72.
Cu 19. Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c nng, d, thot ra 0,112 lt kh SO
2
( ktc l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l:
A. FeS. B. FeO. C. FeS
2
. D. FeCO
3
.
Cu 20. Kh hoan toan 4,06g oxit kim loai bang CO nhiet o cao tao kim
loai va kh. Kh sinh ra cho hap thu het vao dd Ca(OH)
2
d tao 7 g ket tua.
kim loai sinh ra cho tac dung het vi dd HCl d thu c 1,176l kh H
2
(ktc). Oxit
kim loai la:
A. Fe
2
O
3
B. MgO C. Fe
3
O
4
D. FeO
-----Ht-----

I. TNH S MOL (n)
1. Tnh s mol cht kh: 2 trng hp thng gp
a/ Bit
V ktc kh ) (


4 , 22
V
nkh

V = n . 22,4
b/ Bit
V ktc kh ) (


RT
PV
nkh

'

273
082 , 0
) (
) (
c
o
t T
R
lt V
atm P
* Ch :

'

) 1 , (
760 1
atm c O ktc
mmHg atm
o
2. Tnh s mol cht rn hoc cht lng: 3 trng hp thng gp
a/ Bit khi lng cht (m)


M
m
ncht


b/ Bit nng mol/l v V
dd

) ( tan .
.
lt dd M c
V C
n

c/ Bit nng % v m
dd


M
m C
dd
c n
. 100
%.
tan .

II. TNH NNG DUNG DCH (C)
1. Nng mol (C
M
)


) (lt dd
M
V
n
C


M
dd
C
n
V

trang 134
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
2. Nng % (C%)


dd
ct
m
m
C
100 .
%
* Ch : Nu bit nng C%, khi lng ring D

nng mol
M
C D
C
M
% . . 10

III. TNH KHI LNG DUNG DCH (m


dd
)
1. Bit m
c.tan
v m
d.mi


dm ct dd
m m m +
2. Nu cht tan phn ng vi dung mi to ra cht kh


kh dm ct dd
m m m m +
3. Bit nng % v m
ct


%
100 .
C
m
m
ct
dd

4. Bit th tch dung dch v khi lng ring D:
D V m
dd dd
.


D
m
V
dd
dd

(V
dd
ml)
IV. TNH HIU SUT PHN NG (H%): C 2 trng hp
1. Tnh theo sn phm:
thuyet l sp
te thuc sp
m
m
H
. .
. .
% 100 .
%
; Bit H%


% 100
% .
. .
. .
H m
m
thuyet l sp
te thuc sp

2. Tnh theo cht tham gia phn ng:
dng em c
pu c
m
m
H
. .
.
% 100 .
%


%
% 100 .
.
. .
H
m
m
pu c
dng em c

V. TNH THNH PHN % HN HP: C 2 trng hp
1. Tnh thnh phn % m
A
trong hn hp:
hh
A
A
m
m
m
100 .
%
2. Tnh thnh phn % m
A
trong hp cht:
M
m
m
A
A
100 .
%
VI. TRNG THI, M U SC CC N CHT, HP CHT V C
Cr(OH)
2
: vng
Cr(OH)
3
: xanh
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
: da cam
KMnO
4
: tm
CrO
3
: rn, thm
Zn : trng xanh
Zn(OH)
2
: trng
Hg : lng, trng bc
HgO : mu vng hoc
Mn : trng bc
MnO : xm lc nht
MnS : hng nht
MnO
2
: en
H
2S
: kh khng mu
SO
2
: kh khng mu
SO
3
: lng, khng mu, si 45
o
C
Br
2
: lng, nu
I
2
: rn, tm
Cl
2
: kh, vng lc
CdS : vng
HgS :
AgF : tan
AgI : vng m
AgCl : mu trng
trang 135
Cc dng bi tp n thi i hc Nm hc 2010-2011
AgBr : vng nht
HgI
2
:
CuS, NiS, FeS, PbS, : en
C : rn, en
S : rn, vng
P : rn, trng, , en
Fe : trng xm
FeO : rn, en
Fe
3
O
4
: rn, en
Fe
2
O
3
: mu nu
Fe(OH)
2
: rn, mu trng xanh
Fe(OH)
3
: rn, nu
Al(OH)
3
: mu trng, dng keo tan trong NaOH
Zn(OH)
2
: mu trng, tan trong NaOH
Mg(OH)
2
: mu trng.
Cu: : rn,
Cu
2
O : rn,
CuO : rn, en
Cu(OH)
2
: xanh lam
CuCl
2
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
, CuSO
4
.5H
2
O : xanh
CuSO
4
: khan, mu trng
FeCl
3
: vng
CrO : rn, en
Cr
2
O
3
: rn, xanh thm
BaSO
4
: trng, khng tan trong axit.
BaCO
3
,CaCO
3
: trng
trang 136
VII. HA TR CA MT S KIM LOI V GC AXIT
Kim loi Ha
tr
Ion Hiroxit/nhn bit
K I K
+
KOH tan
Na I Na
+
NaOH tan
Ba II Ba
2+
Ba(OH)
2
t tan
Mg II Mg
2+
Mg(OH)
2
trng (khng tan trong kim d)
Al III Al
3+
Al(OH)
3
trng (tan trong kim d)
Zn II Zn
2+
Zn(OH)
2
trng (tan trong kim d)
Cu II(I) Cu
2+
Cu(OH)
2
xanh lam
Ag I Ag
+
AgOH
ben khng.
Ag
2
Oen + H
2
O
Fe II v
III
Fe
2+
v
Fe
3+
Fe(OH)
2
lc nht
kk
Fe(OH)
3
nu
Nitrat I NO
3
-
3Cu + 8HNO
3(long)
2Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + H
2
O
2NO + O
2

kk
2NO
2
(mu nu)
Sunfat II SO
4
2-
SO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaSO
4
trng (khng tan trong HCl)
Sunfua II S
2-
S
2-
+ Pb
2+
PbS en
S
2-
+ 2H
+
H
2
S (mi trng thi)
Hirosunfat I HSO
3
-
2HSO
3
-


o
t
SO
2
+ SO
3
2-
+ H
2
O
Photphat III PO
4
3-
PO
4
3-
+ 3Ag
+
Ag
3
PO
4
vng
Cacbonat II CO
3
2-
CO
3
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaCO
3
trng (tan trong HCl)
Hirocacbonat I HCO
3
-
2HCO
3
-


o
t
CO
2
+ CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O
Clorua I Cl
-
Cl
-
+ Ag
+
AgCl trng (ha en ngoi nh sng)
Bromua I Br
-
Br
-
+ Ag
+
AgBr vng nht (ha en ngoi nh
sng)
Iotua I I
-
I
-
+ Ag
+
AgI vng m (ha en ngoi nh
sng)
Silicat II SiO
3
2-
SiO
3
2-
+ 2H
+
H
2
SiO
3
keo
Cromat II CrO
4
2-
CrO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaCrO
4
vng
1
I. XC NH THNH PHN NGUYN T (m, %)
1. Xc nh khi lng cc nguyn t c trong m
A
gam hp cht:
) ( . 12 .
44
12
2 2
g n m m
CO CO C
) ( . 2 .
18
2
2 2
g n m m
O H O H H

) ( . 28 28 .
4 , 22
2
2
g n
V
m
N
N
N

) ( . 14 .
46
14
2 2
g n m m
NO NO N

) (
N H C A O
m m m m m + +
2. Xc nh % khi lng cc nguyn t c trong m
A
gam hp cht:
% 100 . %
A
C
m
m
C % 100 . %
A
H
m
m
H
% 100 . %
A
N
m
m
N
) % % (% % 100 % N H C O + +
II. XC NH KHI LNG PHN T CA CHT HU C (M
A
)
1. Trng hp cho t khi hi:
B A B A
B
A
B A
d M M
M
M
d
/ /
.
kk A A
kk
A
kk A
d M
M
M
d
/ /
. 29
2. Trng hp cho th tch phn t gam:
A
A
A
A
A
n
m
M
lt V
n
4 , 22
) (
* Ch : Theo nh lut Avgadr: Hai cht khc nhau cng iu kin nhit v p sut, chim
cng th tch

chng phi c cng s mol.


B
B
A
A
B
B
A
A
B A
M
m
m
M
M
m
M
m
n n .
III. XC NH CNG THC PHN T (C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
)
1. Da vo cng thc GN m xc nh
14
:
16
:
1
:
12
: : :
N O H C
m m m m
t z y x
14
%
:
16
%
:
1
%
:
12
%
: : :
N O H C
t z y x
2. Da vo thnh phn nguyn t m xc nh
N O H C A
A
m
t
m
z
m
y
m
x
m
M 14 16 12

N
t
O
z
H
y
C
x M
A
%
14
%
16
% %
12
% 100

3. Da vo phng trnh phn ng t chy
2 2 2 2
2 2 4
2 4
N
t
O H
y
xCO O
z y x
N O H C
o
t
t z y x
+ +
+
+
2 2 2 2
2 2 4
2 4
1
N O H CO O A
n
t
n
y
n
x
n
z y x
n
pu

+

-Nu bi cho y cc t l trn

ta xc nh c c th cc gi tr ca x, y, z, t
2

Xc nh cng thc phn t


-Nu bi cho thiu mt trong cc t l trn

ta ch xc nh c t l ca x:y:z:t

Ch xc nh c cng thc GN.


IV.NHN BIT CC CHT HU C
Cht
Thuc
th
Hin
tng
Phn ng
Ankan Cl
2
/s
Sn phm
sau P
lm hng
giy qu
m
C
n
H
2n+2
+ Cl
2

as

C
n
H
2n+1
Cl + HCl
Anken
dd Br
2
Mt mu C
n
H
2n
+ Br
2
C
n
H
2n
Br
2
dd KMnO
4
mt mu 3C
n
H
2n
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 4H
2
O 3C
n
H
2n
(OH)
2
+ 2MnO
2
+ 2KOH
Kh Oxi
Sp cho p
trng
gng
2CH
2
= CH
2
+ O
2

2 2
PdCl ,CuCl

CH
3
CHO
Ankaien dd Br
2
Mt mu C
n
H
2n2
+ 2Br
2
C
n
H
2n
Br
4
Ankin
dd Br
2
Mt mu C
n
H
2n2
+ 2Br
2
C
n
H
2n
Br
4
dd KMnO
4
mt mu 3CH CH+8KMnO
4
3HOOCCOOH + 8MnO
4
+8KOH
AgNO
3
/NH
3
(c ni 3
u mch)
kt ta
mu vng
nht
HC CH + 2[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH Ag C C Ag+ 2H
2
O +
4NH
3
RC CH + [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH RC CAg+ H
2
O + 2NH
3
dd CuCl
trong NH
3
kt ta
mu
CH CH + 2CuCl + 2NH
3
Cu C C Cu+ 2NH
4
Cl
R C C H + CuCl + NH
3
R C C Cu+ NH
4
Cl
Toluen
dd KMnO
4
,
t
0
Mt mu

Stiren dd KMnO
4
Mt mu
Ancol Na, K
khng
mu
2R OH + 2Na 2R ONa + H
2

Ancol
bc I
CuO (en)
t
0
Cu (),
Sp cho p
trng
gng
R CH
2
OH + CuO
0
t

R CH = O + Cu + H
2
O
R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH
3
)
2
]OH
RCOONH
4
+ 2Ag+ H
2
O + 3NH
3
Ancol
bc II
CuO (en)
t
0
Cu (),
Sp khng
p trng
gng
R CH
2
OH R + CuO
0
t

R CO R + Cu + H
2
O
Ancol
a chc Cu(OH)
2
dung dch
mu xanh
lam
3
CH

2
0
H O
4
80-100 C
+ 2KMnO
COOK
2 2
+ 2MnO +KOH+H O
2 2
+ 2MnO +2H O
2
CH= CH
+
4 2
+ 2KMnO 4H O
2
CHOH= CH OH
]
2 2
2 2
O



2
CH OH HO CH
CH H + Cu(OH) + HO CH
CH OH HO CH
2 2
2
2 2
O



CH OH HO CH
CH O CH + 2H O
CH OH HO CH
Cu
^
3
Anilin nc Brom
To kt
ta trng
Anehit
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
Ag trng
R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH
3
)
2
]OH
R COONH
4
+ 2Ag+ H
2
O + 3NH
3

Cu(OH)
2
NaOH, t
0
gch RCHO + 2Cu(OH)
2
+ NaOH
0
t

RCOONa + Cu
2
O+ 3H
2
O
dd Brom Mt mu RCHO + Br
2
+ H
2
O RCOOH + 2HBr
Andehit no hay ko no u lm mt mu nc Br
2
v y l phn ng oxi ha kh. Mun
phn bit andehit no v khng no dng dd Br
2
trong CCl
4
, mi trng CCl
4
th Br
2
khng
th hin tnh oxi ha nn ch phn ng vi andehit khng no
Cht
Thuc
th
Hin
tng
Phn ng
Axit
cacboxylic
Qu tm Ha
2
3
CO

CO
2
2R COOH + Na
2
CO
3
2R COONa + CO
2
+ H
2
O
Aminoaxit
Ha xanh
Ha
Khng i
S nhm NH
2
> s nhm COOH
S nhm NH
2
< s nhm COOH
S nhm NH
2
= s nhm COOH
2
3
CO

CO
2
2H
2
NRCOOH + Na
2
CO
3
2H
2
NRCOONa + CO
2
+ H
2
O
Amin Qu tm Ha xanh
Glucoz
Cu(OH)
2
dd xanh
lam
2C
6
H
12
O
6
+ Cu(OH)
2
(C
6
H
11
O
6
)
2
Cu + 2H
2
O
Cu(OH)
2
NaOH, t
0
gch
CH
2
OH (CHOH)
4
CHO + 2Cu(OH)
2
+ NaOH
0
t

CH
2
OH (CHOH)
4
COONa + Cu
2
O+ 3H
2
O
AgNO
3
/
NH
3
Ag trng
CH
2
OH (CHOH)
4
CHO + 2Ag[(NH
3
)
2
]OH
CH
2
OH(CHOH)
4
COONH
4
+ 2Ag+ H
2
O + 3NH
3

dd Br
2
Mt mu
CH
2
OH(CHOH)
4
CHO + Br
2

CH
2
OH(CHOH)
4
COOH+2HBr
Saccaroz
C
12
H
22
O
11
Thu phn
sn phm
tham gia
p trng
gng
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O C
6
H
12
O
6
+ C
6
H
12
O
6
Glucoz Fructoz
Vi sa Vn c C
12
H
22
O
11
+ Ca(OH)
2
C
12
H
22
O
11
.CaO.2H
2
O
Cu(OH)
2
dd xanh
lam
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ Cu(OH)
2
(C
12
H
22
O
11
)
2
Cu + 2H
2
O
Mantoz
C
12
H
22
O
11
Cu(OH)
2
dd xanh
lam
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ Cu(OH)
2
(C
12
H
22
O
11
)
2
Cu + 2H
2
O
AgNO
3
/
NH
3
Ag trng
Thu phn
sn phm
tham gia
p trng
gng
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O 2C
6
H
12
O
6
(Glucoz)
Tinh bt
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
Thu phn sn phm
tham gia
p trng
gng
(C
6
H
10
O
11
)
n
+ nH
2
O nC
6
H
12
O
6
(Glucoz)
2
NH
2
+ 3Br
Br Br
Br
+ 3HBr
(ket tua trang)
2
NH
4
ddch iot
To dung dch mu xanh tm, khi un nng mu xanh tm bin mt, khi
ngui mu xanh tm li xut hin
T1 . Hn hp A gm Al
2
O
3
, MgO, CuO, Fe
3
O
4
. Cho kh CO d i qua A nung nng c
cht rn B. Ho tan B vo ddNaOH d, thu c ddC v cht rn D. Cho ddHCl d vo
ddC. Ho tan cht rn D vo ddHNO
3
(l)(phn ng to kh NO). Cc cht trong B, C, D
l trng hp no trong cc trng hp sau v vit cc ptp xy ra.
T2 . Nung nng 20,3 gam hhA gm Al
2
O
3
, CuO, FeO ri cho 1 lung kh CO d i qua
n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 17,1 gam cht rn v hh kh B.
Mt khc 20,3 gam A tc dng va vi 350 ml ddHCl 2M thu c ddD. Cho ddNaOH
d vo ddD thu c kt ta, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i th thu c m gam cht rn.
1/ Tnh khi lng mi cht trong 20,3 gam hhA v tnh m.
2/ Sc ton b hh kh B vo V(l) dd Ba(OH)
2
1M thu c 19,7 gam kt ta. Tnh V.
T3 . Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hhA gm FeO v Fe
2
O
3
t
nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht nng 4,784 gam.
Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp th vo ddBa(OH)
2
d, th thu c 9,062 gam kt ta.
Mt khc ho tan cht rn B bng dd HCl d thy thot ra 0,6272(l) H
2
(ktc).
1/ Tnh %m cc oxit trong hhA.
2/ Tnh %m cc cht trong B, bit trong B s mol Fe
3
O
4
= 1/3 tng s mol FeO v
Fe
2
O
3
.
T4 . Mt hhX gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
. Ly 0,4 gam X cho tc dng vi ddHCl d th thu c
56 ml kh H
2
(ktc). em kh 1 gam hhX bng H
2
nhit cao th thu c 0,2115
gam H
2
O.
1/ Tnh %m mi cht trong hhX.
2/ Tnh V ddHNO
3
0,5M phi dng ho tan ht 1 gam hhX trn. Cho bit phn
ng ch to ra kh NO duy nht.
T5 . Khi dng CO kh Fe
2
O
3
nhit cao, ta thu c kh CO
2
v hh cc cht
rn X. Ho tan X trong ddHCl d, thu c 4,48(l) kh (ktc) v ddY. Cho ddNaOH d vo
ddY, thu c 45 gam cht kt ta mu lc nht.
1/ Hn hp X c my cht?
2/ Khi lng Fe trong X?
3/ Tnh th tch CO dng 200
0
C v 0,8 atm.
T6 . Ho tan hon ton hh Al, Cu, Ag bng ddHNO
3
long d thu c kh NO duy nht
v ddA. C cn ddA ri nht phn hon ton hh mui khan th thu c hh cht rn
B. Nung nng B ri cho mt lung kh CO d i qua n phn ng hon ton c hh
cht rn D. Cho D tc dng vi ddHCl d th D ch tan mt phn. Vit cc ptp xy ra.
T7 . Cho 4,72 gam hh gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
tc dng vi CO d nhit cao. Phn ng
xong thu c 3,92 gam Fe. Nu ngm cng lng hh trn trong ddCuSO
4
d phn ng
xong thu c 4,96 gam cht rn. Xc nh khi lng mi cht trong hh ban u.
T8 . C 100 ml dd hh axit H
2
SO
4
0,8M v HCl 1,2M; thm vo 10 gam hh bt Fe,
Mg, Zn. Sau khi phn ng xong, ly 1/2 lng kh sinh ra cho i qua ng s ng a
gam CuO nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, trong ng s cn 14,08 gam hh
cht rn A. Cho A di dng bt tc dng vi ddAgNO
3
th sau khi phn ng xong thu -
c cht rn B, trong c 25,23% Ag.
1/ Tnh a.
2/ Tnh th tch ddHNO
3
2M cn dng ho tan ht B(phn ng ch to kh NO).
T9 . Kh ht m gam Fe
3
O
4
bng kh CO nhit cao thu c hh A gm FeO v Fe.
A tan va trong 0,3(l) ddH
2
SO
4
1M cho ra 4,48(l) kh(ktc). Tnh m(khi lng
Fe
3
O
4
) dng v th tch kh CO phn ng vi Fe
3
O
4
.
T10 . Mt hh X gm Fe
2
O
3
, FeO, MgO c khi lng l 4,24 gam trong c 1,2 gam
MgO. Khi cho X phn ng vi CO d nhit cao(phn ng hon ton), ta thu c
5
cht rn A v hh CO + CO
2
. Hn hp ny khi qua nc vi trong d cho ra 5 gam kt ta.
Xc nh khi lng FeO, Fe
2
O
3
trong hhX.
T11 . Kh 39,2 gam hhA gm Fe
2
O
3
v FeO bng kh CO nhit cao thu c hh B
gm FeO v Fe. B tan va trong 2,5(l) trong ddH
2
SO
4
0,2M cho ra 4,48(l)
kh(ktc). Tnh khi lng Fe
2
O
3
v khi lng FeO trong hhA.
T12 . Nung 24 gam hh gm Fe
2
O
3
v CuO trong 1 lung kh H
2
d. Phn ng hon
ton. Cho hh kh to ra sau phn ng i qua mt bnh ng H
2
SO
4
c. Khi lng
ca bnh tng 7,2 gam. Tnh khi lng Fe v Cu thu c sau phn ng.
T13 . Cho kh CO qua ng ng a gam hh gm CuO, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO, Al
2
O
3
nung nng.
Kh thot ra c cho vo nc vi trong d thy c 30 gam kt ta trng. Sau phn ng,
cht rn cn li trong ng s c khi lng 202 gam.
a c gi tr l:
T14 . Kh 32 gam Fe
2
O
3
bng kh CO d nhit cao, sn phm kh thu c cho
vo bnh nc vi trong d thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
T15 . Kh hon ton 0,25 mol Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
nhit cao. Sn phm hi cho hp
th vo 18 gam ddH
2
SO
4
80%. Nng H
2
SO
4
sau khi hp th hi nc l bao nhiu?
T16 . Cho bt than d vo hh gm Fe
2
O
3
v CuO un nng phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c 2 gam hh kim loi v 2,24(l) kh(ktc). Khi lng ca 2 oxit ban u l:
T17 . Thi mt lung kh CO d i qua ng s ng hh Fe
3
O
4
v CuO nung nng
n phn ng hon ton, ta thu c 2,32 gam hh kim loi. Kh thot ra cho vo bnh
ng nc vi trong d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng hh 2 oxit kim loi ban
u l:
T18 . Thi mt lung kh CO qua ng ng m gam hh gm: CuO, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO, Al
2
O
3
nung nng, lung kh thot ra c sc vo nc vi trong d, thy c 15 gam kt ta
trng. Sau phn ng, cht rn trong ng s c khi lng 215 gam th m l:
T19 . Thi t t V(l) hh kh(CO, H
2
) i qua 1 ng s ng 16,8 gam hh 3 oxit CuO,
Fe
3
O
4
, Al
2
O
3
nhit cao. Sau phn ng, ta thu c hh kh v hi nng hn
hh(CO, H
2
) ban u l 0,32 gam.
1/ V(ktc)?
2/ Cht rn cn li trong ng s c khi lng?
T20 . Thi rt chm 1,12(l)(ktc) kh CO qua mt ng s ng hh gm Al
2
O
3
, CuO,
Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
c khi lng l 12 gam(d) ang c nung nng, hh kh v hi thot ra
khi ng s c hp th hon ton vo ddCa(OH)
2
d, ta thy c 2,5 gam kt ta
trng. Khi lng cht rn cn li trong ng s l:
T21 . Cho 4,48(l) CO(ktc) tc dng vi FeO nhit cao. Sau phn ng thu c
cht rn A c khi lng nh hn 1,6 gam so vi khi lng FeO ban u. Xc nh khi
lng Fe thu c v tnh %V ca hh CO v CO
2
thu c.
T22 . 16 gam hhA gm MgO v CuO. Khi cho A tc dng vi H
2
d nhit cao, cn
li mt cht rn B. B tan va trong 1(l) ddH
2
SO
4
0,2M. Tnh %m ca cc cht trong
hhA.
T23 . Kh 6,4 gam CuO bng H
2
nhit cao. Hn hp kh v hi thu c cho qua
H
2
SO
4
m c th khi lng ca H
2
SO
4
tng 0,9 gam. Tnh % CuO b kh bi
kh H
2
v th tch H
2
(ktc) dng, bit rng hiu sut phn ng kh ny l 80%.
T24 . Kh 1,6 gam Fe
2
O
3
(cho ra Fe) bng kh CO ly d nhit cao. Hn hp kh
CO v CO
2
khi qua nc vi trong d cho 3 gam kt ta. Tnh %Fe
2
O
3
b kh v
V(ktc) CO dng.
T25 . C 2,88 gam hhA gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
. Ho tan hon ton hhA bng ddH
2
SO
4
long thu c 0,224(l) H
2
(ktc). Mt khc ly 5,76 gam hhA kh bng H
2
n khi
hon ton thu c 1,44 gam H
2
O. Phn trm khi lng tng cht trong hhA l:
T26 . Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe
2
O
3
nung nng. Sau mt thi
gian thu c 13,92 hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
. Ho tan ht X bng HNO
3
c nng c 5,824 lt NO
2
(ktc).
1/ Vit cc phn ng xy ra.
2/ nh m.
6
T27 . X l hn hp gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
nung 4,5 gam X vi C trong iu kin khng c
khng kh cho n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 1,344 lt (ktc). Hn
hp Y gm CO v CO
2
. Cho t khi ca Y i vi oxi l 1.
1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
2/ Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X.
T28 . Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe
2
O
3
nung nng sau mt thi
gian thu c 5,22g hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
d. Ho tan ht X bng HNO
3
thu c 1,68 lt (ktc) hn hp Y gm NO v NO
2
. Bit t khi ca Y so vi hidro l
21,8.
1/ Tm m.
2/ Nu ho tan ht X bng H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c V lt SO
2
(ktc). nh V
1
.
3/ ho tan ht X cn 150ml dung dch HCl 1M thu c V
2
lt H
2
(ktc). nh V
2
.
T29 . Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe
2
O
3
nung nng. Sau mt thi
gian thu c 10,44g cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
. Ho tan ht X bng
HNO
3
c nng thu c 4,368 lt NO
2
(ktc).
1/ Tnh m.
2/ Nu ho tan ht X bng 150ml dung dch HCl 2M (va ) thy bay raV lt
H
2
(kc). nh V.
T30 . X l hn hp gm CuO v FeO. Nung 14g X vi cacbon trong iu kin khng
c khng kh cho n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 3,29 lt (ktc) hn
hp Y gm CO v CO
2
. Dn Y qua nc vi trong d thy xut hin 1,75g kt ta. Tnh %
khi lng cc oxit trong X.
T31 . kh 6,4 gam 1 oxit kim loi cn 2,688(l) kh H
2
(ktc). Nu ly lng kim loi
cho tc dng vi ddHCl d th thu c 1,792(l) kh(ktc). Kim loi l:
A. Mg B. Al C. Fe
D.Cr
T32 . Mt oxit kim loi c cng thc M
x
O
y
, trong M chim 72,41% theo khi lng.
Kh hon ton oxit ny bng kh CO thu c 16,8 gam kim loi M. Ho tan hon ton
lng M bng HNO
3
c, nng thu c mui ca M ho tr III v 0,9 mol kh NO
2
. Cng
thc ca oxit trn l:
T33 . Kh mt oxit st bng CO nhit cao, phn ng xong ngi ta thu c 0,84
gam Fe v 448 ml CO
2
(ktc). Cng thc ca oxit st l:
T34 . Cho V(l) kh CO qua ng s ng 5,8 gam oxit st nng mt thi gian th
thu c hh kh X v cht rn Y. Cho Y tc dng vi axit HNO
3
long c dd Z v
0,784(l) kh NO. Oxit st c cng thc l:
T35 . Cho kim loi M tc dng vi ddH
2
SO
4
long ly kh H
2
kh oxit ca kim loi
N(cc phn ng u xy ra). M v N ln lt l nhng kim loi no sau y:
A. ng v st B. Bc v ng C. ng v bc D. st
v ng
T36 . Cho kim loi X tc dng vi ddHCl ly kh H
2
. Nu dng kh ny kh oxit
kim loi Y. X v Y c th ln lt l kim loi no sau y:
A. St v magie B. St v canxi C. ng v st D. Tt c
u sai
T37 . Cho m gam Fe
x
O
y
vo 1 bnh kn cha 4,48(l) CO(ktc). Nung bnh 1 thi
gian cho n khi oxit st b kh hon ton thnh 1 oxit st khc.
1/ Xc nh cng thc ca 2 oxit st. Bit %Fe(theo khi lng) trong Fe
x
O
y
l 70% v
trong oxit st thu c l 77,78%.
2/ Tnh m, bit rng t khi hi ca hh CO v CO
2
thu c sau phn ng so vi H
2
l
18.
T38 . Ho tan hon ton 12 gam hh gm st v 1 oxit st vo ddHCl d th thu c
4,982(l) kh 27,3
0
C, 1 atm. Nu hh trn dng H
2
d kh th thu c 0,2 gam nc.
1/ Vit cc ptp xy ra v tnh %m mi cht trong hh ban u.
2/ Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st.
T39 . Kh hon ton 4,06 gam 1 oxit kim loi bng CO nhit cao thu c kim
loi. Dn ton b kh sinh ra vo bnh ng ddCa(OH)
2
d thy to thnh 7 gam kt
7
ta. Nu ly lng kim loi sinh ra ho tan ht vo ddHCl d th thu c 1,176(l)
H
2
(ktc).
1/ Xc nh cng thc ca oxit kim loi.
2/ Cho 4,06 gam oxit kim loi trn tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml ddH
2
SO
4
c, nng,
d thu c ddX v c kh SO
2
thot ra. Tnh C
M
ca mui trong dd X(coi th tch dd
thay i khng ng k).
T40 . Hn hp A gm 2 oxit st. Kh hon ton 15,68 gam hhA bng CO th thy
khi lng hh gim i 4,48(g).
1/ Xc nh CT ca cc oxit st. Bit s mol ca 2 oxit trong A bng nhau.
2/ Tnh th tch dd NaOH 1M cn ly t nht hp th hon ton lng kh sinh
ra do phn ng trn.
T41 . R l kim loi ho tr II. em ho tan a gam oxit ca kim loi R vo 48 gam
ddH
2
SO
4
6,125%(long) thnh ddA, trong nng H
2
SO
4
ch cn 0,98%. Bit rng
a gam oxit trn phn ng hon ton vi 2,8(l) CO c kim loi R v kh B. Nu ly 0,7(l)
kh B cho qua ddCa(OH)
2
d th thu c 0,625 gam kt ta(cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, cc th tch kh o ktc, mui sunfat ca kim loi R tan hon ton).
1/ Tnh a v tm kim loi R.
2/ Cho 0,54 gam bt Al vo 20 gam ddA. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c m gam
cht rn. Tnh m.
T42 . Nung 16,2 gam hhA gm MgO, Al
2
O
3
, MO trong 1 ng s ri cho lung H
2
i
qua. iu kin th nghim, H
2
ch kh MO vi H = 80%, lng hi nc to ra ch c
hp th 90% bi 15,3 gam ddH
2
SO
4
90%, kt qu thu c ddH
2
SO
4
86,34%. Cht rn
cn li trong ng s c ho tan trong mt lng va dd axit khng c tnh oxi
ho(v d HCl) thu c ddB v cn li 2,56 gam kim loi M khng tan. Ly 1/10 ddB cho
tc dng vi ddNaOH d, ly kt ta nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i th
thu c 0,28 gam mt oxit. Xc nh kim loi M v tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A.
T43 . Kh 2,4 gam hh gm CuO v mt oxit st(c s mol bng nhau) bng H
2
. Sau
phn ng thu c 1,76 gam cht rn, em ho tan cht bng ddHCl thy bay ra
0,448(l) kh(ktc). Cng thc ca oxit st l:
T44 . Khi kh 5 gam oxit ca mt kim loi thu c 3,995 gam kim loi. Khi oxi ho
1,270 gam kim loi ny to thnh 1,590 gam oxit tng ng. Kim loi ny l:
A. Zn B. Fe C. Al
D. Cu
T45 . Ho tan hon ton a gam mt oxi st bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng thy thot ra kh SO
2
duy
nht. Trong th nghim khc, sau khi kh hon ton cng a gam oxit st bng CO nhit
cao ri ho tan l ng st to thnh bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng th thu c lng kh SO
2
nhiu
gp 9 ln l ng kh SO
2
th nghim ni trn. Vit cc ph ng trnh phn ng trong hai th
nghim trn v xc nh cng thc ca oxit st.
T46 . Kh 3,48 gam mt oxit ca kim loi M cn dng 1,344 lt H
2
(ktc). Ton b l ng kim loi
M thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d cho 1,008 lt H
2
(ktc). Tm kim loi M v oxit ca
M.
T47 . Hn hp A c khi lng 8,14 gam gm CuO, Al
2
O
3
v mt oxit ca st. Cho H
2
d
qua A nung nng, sau khi phn ng xong thu c 1,44 gam H
2
O. Ha tan hon ton A
cn dng 170ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
long 1M, c dung dch B. Cho B tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i,
c 5,2 gam cht rn.
Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st v tnh khi lng tng oxit trong A.
T48 . Khi kh 2,32 gam mt oxit st A bng l ng H
2
d thnh Fe thu c 0,72 gam n c. Xc
nh cng thc phn t ca A v hon thnh cc phn ng (1) v (2):
( )
2 4 4
3
(1) (2)
A Fe SO FeSO
T49 . kh 4,06 g mt oxit kim loi thnh kim loi phi dng 1,568 lt H
2
(ktc). Ho
tan ht lng kim loi to thnh trn bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c 1,176 lt H
2
(ktc). Tm cng thc oxit kim loi.
T50 . kh 6,4g mt oxit kim loi cn 2,688 lt H
2
(ktc). Nu ly lng kim loi thu
c cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 1,792 lt H
2
(ktc). Gi tn kim loi.
8
T51 . Nung hn hp A gm Al v Fe
2
O
3
c hn hp B. Chia hn hp B thnh hai phn
bng nhau.
Phn 1: Ho tan trong d
2
H
2
SO
4
d thu c 2,24(l) kh(ktc).
Phn 2: Ho tan trong d
2
KOH d th khi lng cht rn khng tan l 8,8(g). Bit cc p
xy ra hon ton.
Xc nh khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A v B.
T52 . Nung nng hn hp bt gm Al v Fe
3
O
4
trong iu kin khng c khng kh
phn ng xy ra hon ton. Thu c hhA. Nu cho A tc dng vi d
2
KOH d th thu
c 0,672(l) kh(ktc). Nu cho A tc dng vi d
2
H
2
SO
4
, t
o
, d th thu c 100ml d
2
B
v 1,428(l) SO
2
duy nht (ktc).
1/ Xc nh cc cht trong A v tnh %m mi cht trong hn hp ban u.
2/ thu c kt ta nh nht trong d
2
B ngi ta phi dng 500ml d
2
KOH 0,5M. Tnh s
mol ca H
2
SO
4
c trong d
2
B.
T53 . Hn hp A gm Al v Fe
2
O
3
. Thc hin p nhit nhm hon ton hn hp A thu -
c hn hp B. Chia hn hp B thnh 2 phn. P1: Cho tc dng vi d
2
NaOH d thu c
4,48(l) H
2
(ktc), trong phn 1 khi lng Fe bng 0,4705 ln khi lng c phn. P2: Cho
tc dng vi d
2
HCl d thu c 17,92(l) H
2
(ktc).
1/ B gm nhng cht no? Tnh khi lng mi phn. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton.
2/ Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A.
T54 . Hn hp A gm 0,56(g) Fe v 16(g) Fe
2
O
3
. Trn A vi m(mol) bt nhm ri nung
nhit cao(khng c khng kh) thu c hn hp D.
Nu cho D tan trong d
2
H
2
SO
4
(l), d th thu c a(l) kh, nhng cho D tc dng vi
d
2
NaOH d thu c 0,25a(l) kh trong cng k.
1/ Xc nh thnh phn cc cht trong D.
2/ m c gi tr trong khong no? Nu p nhit nhm ch to ra Fe.
T55 . Nung m(g) hn hp A gm bt Al v Fe
3
O
4
(ch c phn ng kh thnh Fe) sau
mt thi gian thu c hn hp cht rn B. ho tan ht B cn V(ml) H
2
SO
4
0,7M(long). Sau p thu c d
2
C v 9,846(l) kh 1,5 atm v 27
0
C. Cho d
2
NaOH vo d
2
C
n d thu c kt ta D. Nung kt ta D trong k khng c khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c 44(g) cht rn E. Cho 50(g) hn hp X gm CO v CO
2
qua ng s
ng E, nung nng . Sau khi E p ht thu c hn hp kh Y c m
Y
=1,208.m
X
.
1/ Xc nh cc cht trong B, C, D, E, Y.
2/ Tnh %m cc cht trong B, tnh m v V.
T56 . Khi nung hn hp A gm Al, Fe
2
O
3
c hn hp B (hiu sut 100%). Chia hn hp
B ra lm hai phn bng nhau. Ha tan mt phn trong H
2
SO
4
long d, thu c 1,12 lt
kh (ktc). Phn cn li ha tan trong dung dch NaOH d th khi lng cht khng tan
l 4,4 gam.
1/ Vit phng trnh phn ng.
2/ Xc nh khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A, B.
T57 . Trn 6,48 gam Al vi 1,6 gam Fe
2
O
3
. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm thu c
cht rn A. Khi cho A tc dng vi ddNaOH d, c 1,344(l) kh(ktc) thot ra. Tnh
hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm.
T58 . Mt hh gm Al v Fe
2
O
3
c khi lng l 26,8 gam. Tin hnh phn ng nhit
nhm(phn ng hon ton) thu c cht rn A. Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn
1: cho tc dng vi ddNaOH cho ra kh H
2
. Phn 2: cho tc dng vi ddHCl d thu c
5,6(l) kh(ktc). Tnh khi lng Al v Fe
2
O
3
trong hh ban u.
T59 . Mt hh X gm Al v Fe
2
O
3
. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hon ton thu c
cht rn A. Cho A tc dng vi ddNaOH d thu c 3,36(l) kh(ktc), cn li cht rn B.
Cho B tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
long d, thu c 8,96(l) kh(ktc). Tnh khi lng mi cht
trong hhX(theo th t nh sau):
T60 . Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm vi Fe
2
O
3
trong iu kin khng c khng
kh. Chia hh sau phn ng( trn u)thnh 2 phn. Phn 2 c khi lng nhiu hn
phn 1 l 134 gam. Cho phn 1 tc dng vi ddNaOH d thu c 16,8(l) H
2
(ktc). Phn
2 ho tan bng ddHCl d thy c 84(l) kh H
2
(ktc) thot ra. Cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton. Tnh khi lng Fe to thnh sau phn ng nhit nhm.
9
T61 . Mt hhM gm Fe
3
O
4
, CuO, Al, khi lng hhM l: 5,54 gam. Sau khi thc hin
phn ng nhit nhm hon ton, thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A trong ddHCl d th thu
c H
2
thot ra ti a l 1,344(l)(ktc). Nu ho tan A trong ddNaOH d th sau phn
ng thu c 2,96 gam cht rn. Tnh %m cc cht trong hhA.
T62 . Cho hh A gm Al v mt oxit st. Chi hhA thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1: cho tc dng vi ddH
2
SO
4
long thu c 0,672(l) kh(ktc).
Phn 2: thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hon ton, thu c hhB, cho B tc dng vi
ddNaOH d thu c 134,4 ml kh(ktc) sau cho tip ddH
2
SO
4
long, d vo thu c
0,4032(l) H
2
(ktc).
Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st.
T63 . Ho tan hon ton 1 t oxit st bng ddH
2
SO
4
c, nng ta thu c 2,24(l)
SO
2
(ktc), phn dd em c cn c 120 gam mui khan.
1/ Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st.
2/ Trn 10,8 gam bt Al vi 34,8 gam bt oxit st trn ri tin hnh phn ng nhit
nhm. Ho tan hon ton hh cht rn sau phn ng bng ddH
2
SO
4
20%(d = 1,14
gam/ml) th thu c 10,752(l) H
2
(ktc).
Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm. Tnh th tch ti thiu H
2
SO
4
dng.
T64 . Hn hp A gm bt Al v 1 oxit st c chia thnh 3 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1: cho tc dng vi ddBa(OH)
2
d thu c 2,016(l) kh(ktc).
Phn 2 v phn 3 thc hin phn ng nhit nhm. Sn phm thu c sau phn ng
nhit nhm vi phn 2 em ho tan trong ddNaOH d th thu c cht rn C v
khng c kh thot ra. Cho C phn ng ht vi ddAgNO
3
1M th cn 120 ml, sau phn
ng thu c 17,76 gam cht rn v dd ch c Fe(NO
3
)
2
.
Sn phm thu c phn 3 sau khi thc hin phn ng nhit nhm, cho vo bnh c
2(l) ddH
2
SO
4
0,095M thu c ddD v mt phn Fe khng tan.
1/ Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st v tnh khi lng cc cht sau phn ng nhit
nhm mi phn.
2/ Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong D, khi lng Fe khng tan. Coi V cc cht rn
khng ng k, th tch dd khng thay i trong qu trnh phn ng. Bit cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton.
T65 . Mt hh gm Al v mt oxit st dng bt, c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
ho tan ht phn 1 cn 200 ml ddHCl 0,675M, thu c 0,84(l) H
2
(ktc). Nung
phn 2 nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, ly sn phm cho tc dng vi
ddNaOH d thy cn 1,12 gam cht rn khng tan.
1/ Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st.
2/ Tnh khi lng ca cc cht trong hh ban u.
1. c im no di y khng phi l c im ca cc nguyn t halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) ?
A. Nguyn t ch c kh nng thu thm 1 electron.
B. To ra hp cht lien kt cng ha tr c cc vi hiro.
C. C s oxi ha trong mi hp cht.
D. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t c 7 electron.
2. c im no di y l c im chung ca cc n cht halogen (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2) ?
A. iu kin thng l cht kh.
B. C tnh oxi ha mnh.
C. Va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh.
D. Tc dng mnh vi nc.
3. Nhn xt no sau y v lin kt trong phn t cc halogen l khng chnh xc ?
A. Lin kt cng ha tr. B. Lin kt phn cc.
C. Lin kt n. D. To thnh bng s dng chung mt i
electron.
4. Theo chiu t F Cl Br I, bn knh nguyn t:
10
A. tng dn. B. gim dn. C. khng i. D. khng c quy lut
chung.
5. Theo chiu t F Cl Br I, nhit nng chy ca cc n cht:
A. gim dn. B. tng dn. C. khng i. D. khng c quy lut
chung.
6. Theo chiu t F Cl Br I, nhit si ca cc n cht:
A. khng i. B. tng dn. C. gim dn. D. khng c quy lut
chung.
7. Theo chiu t F Cl Br I, gi tr m in ca cc n cht:
A. khng i. B. tng dn. C. gim dn. D. khng c quy lut
chung.
8. Nhn xt no di y l khng ng ?
A. F c s oxi ha -1. B. F c s oxi ha -1 trong cc hp cht.
C. F c s oxi ha 0 v -1. D. F khng c s oxi ha dng.
9. Nhn xt no sau y v nhm halogen l khng ng:
A. Tc dng vi kim loi to mui halogenua. B. Tc dng vi hiro to kh hiro halogenua.
C. C n cht dng kh X2 D. Tn ti ch yu dng n cht.
10. Trong dung dch nc clo c cha cc cht sau:
A. HCl, HClO, Cl2. B. Cl2 v H2O. C. HCl v Cl2. D. HCl, HClO, Cl2 v
H2O.
11. Kim loi no sau y tc dng vi dung dch HCl long v kh Cl2 cho cng loi mui
clorua kim loi ?
A. Fe. B. Zn. C. Cu. D. Ag.
12. Trong phng th nghim, kh clo thng c iu ch bng cch oxi ha hp cht no
sau y:
A. NaCl. B. HCl. C. KClO3. D. KMnO4.
13. Phng php iu ch kh clo trong cng nghip l:
A. cho HCl tc dng vi cht oxi ha mnh. B. in phn dung dch NaCl.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn xp. D. phng php khc.
14. Tnh ty mu ca dung dch nc clo l do:
A. Cl2 c tnh oxi ha mnh. B. HClO c tnh oxi ha mnh.
C. HCl l axit mnh. D. nguyn nhn khc.
15. Phn ng gia Cl2 v H2 c th xy ra iu kin:
A. nhit thng v bong ti. B. nh sng mt tri.
C. nh sang ca magie chy. D. C A, B v C.
16. trnh phn ng n gia Cl2 v H2 ngi ta tin hnh bin php no sau y?
A. Ly d H2. B. Ly d Cl2.
C. Lm lnh hn hp phn ng. D. Tch sn phm HCl ra khi hn hp phn
ng.
17. Trong thin nhin, clo ch yu tn ti di dng:
A. n cht Cl2. B. mui NaCl c trong nc bin.
C. khong vt cacnalit (KCl.MgCl2.6H2O). D. khong vt sinvinit (KCl.NaCl).
18. li kh HCl c ln trong kh Cl2, ta dn hn hp kh qua:
A. nc. B. dung dch NaOH c. C. dung dch NaCl. D. dung dich H2SO4
c.
19. iu ch clo trong cng nghim ta phi dng bnh in phn c mng ngn cch hai
in cc :
A. kh Cl2 khng tip xc vi dung dch NaOH. B. thu c dung dch nc Giaven.
C. bo v cc in cc khng b n mn. D. C A, B v C u ng.
20. Cc h s cn bng trong phng trnh phn ng : HNO3 + HCl NO2 + Cl2 + H2O
theo th t l:
A. 2;6;2;3;4. B. 2;6;2;3;2. C. 2;2;2;1;2. D. 1;6;1;3;1.
11
21. Cht no sau y thng c dng it khun v ty mu ?
A. O2. B. N2. C. Cl2. D. CO2.
22. nhn ra kh hiro clorua trong s cc kh ng ring bit : HCl, SO2, O2 v H2 ta lm
nh sau:
A. dn tng kh qua dung dch phenolphthalein. B. dn tng kh qua dung dch AgNO3.
C. dn tng kh qua CuSO4 khan, nung nng. D. dn tng kh qua dung dch KNO3.
23. Khi nung nng, iot bin thnh hi khng rua trng thi lng. Hin tng ny c gi l:
A. s chuyn trng thi. B. s bay hi. C. s thng hoa. D. s phn hy.
24. Dng bnh thy tinh c th cha c tt c cc dung dch axit trong dy no di y :
A. HCl, H2SO4, HF, HNO3. B. HCl, H2SO4, HF.
C. H2SO4, HF, HNO3. D. HCl, H2SO4, HNO3.
25. Phng php iu ch kh F2 trong cng nghip l:
A. oxi ha mui florua. B. dng halogen khc y flo ra khi mui.
C. in phn hn hp KF v HF th lng. D. khng c phng php no.
26. chng minh tnh oxi ha thay i theo chiu : F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2. ta c th dng phn
ng:
A. halogen tc dng vi hiro. B. halogen mnh y halogen yu hn ra khi
mui.
C. halogen tc dng vi kim loi. D. C A v B.
27. Axit no c dng khv ln thy tinh ?
A. H2SO4. B. HNO3. C. HF. D. HCl.
28. Axit c kh nng n mn thy tinh l:
A. HF. B. HBr. C. HCl. D. HI.
29. thu c mui NaCl tinh khit c ln tp cht NaI ta tin hnh nh sau:
A. sc kh F2 n d, sau nung nng, c cn. B. sc kh Cl2 n d, sau nung nng, c
cn.
C. sc kh Br2 n d, sau nung nng, c cn. D. Cch lm khc.
30. chng minh trong mui NaCl c ln tp cht NaI ta c th dng:
A. kh Cl2. B. dung dch h tinh bt. C. giy qu tm. D. kh Cl2 v dung dch h
tinh bt.
31. dung dch thy tinh c th cha tt c cc dung dch axit trong du no sau y ?
A. HCl, H2SO4, HF, HNO3.. B. HCl, H2SO4, HF.
C. H2SO4, HF, HNO3. D. HCl, H2SO4, HNO3.
32. Phn ng gia I2 v H2 xy ra iu kin:
A. nh sang.khuych tn. B. un nng.
C. 350 5000C. D. 350 5000C, xc tc Pt.
33. Ngun ch yu iu ch iot trong cng cng nghip l:
A. rong bin. B. nc bin. C. mui n. D. ngun khc.
34. S quan st c hin tng g khi ta thm dn dn nc clo vo dung dch KI c cha
sn mt t h tinh bt ?
A. khng c hin tng g. B. C hi mu tm bay ln.
C. Dung dch chuyn sang mu vng. D. Dung dch c mu xanh c trng.
35. S oxi ha ca brom trong cc hp cht HBr, HBrO, KBrO3, BrF3 ln lt l:
A. -1, +1, +1, +3. B. -1, +1, +2, +3. C. -1, +1, +5, +3. D. +1, +1, +5, +3.
36. C th iu ch Br2 trong cng nghip t cch no sau y?
A. 2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2. B. 2H2SO4 + 4KBr + MnO2 2K2SO4 + MnBr2 + Br2 +
H2O.
C. 2HBr + Cl2 2HCl + Br2. D. 2AgBr 2Ag + Br2.
37. Sc kh Cl2 qua dung dch K2CO3 thy c kh CO2 thot ra. Cc phng trnh phn ng
ha hc xy ra l:
A. Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO. B. 2HCl +K2CO3 2KCl + CO2 + H2O.
C. 2HClO + K2CO3 2KCl + CO2 + H2O + O2. D. C A v B.
12
38. Cho hai kh vi th tch l 1:1 ra ngoi nh sang mt tri th c hin tng n, hai kh
l :
A. N2 v H2. B. H2 v O2. C. Cl2 v H2. D. H2S v Cl2.
39. Cho 2,24 lit halogen X2 tc dng va vi magie thu c 9,5g MgX2. Nguyn t
halogen l:
A. flo. B. clo. C. brom. D. iot.
40. Cho 16 gam hn hp bt Fe v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy co 1 gam kh H2
bay ra. Hi lng mui to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ?
A. 33,75 gam. B. 51,5 gam. C. 87 gam. D. Kt qu khc.
41. Cho 44,5 gam hn hp bt Zn v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy c 22,4 lit kh
H2 bay ra (ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 80 gam. B. 97,75 gam. C. 115,5 gam. D. Kt qu khc.
42. Cho hn hp hai mui FeCO3 v CaCO3 tan trong dung dch HCl va , to ra 2,24 lit
kh (ktc). S mol HCl tiu tn ht l:
A. 0,1 mol. B. 0,15 mol. C. 0,2 mol. D. 0,3 mol.
43. Cho 10 gam MnO2 tc dng vi axit HCl d, un nng. Hy chn cu pht biu ng:
1) Th tch kh thot ra (ktc) l:
A. 2,57 lit. B. 5,2 lit. C. 1,53 lit. D. 3,75 lit.
2) Khi lng MnCl2 to thnh l:
A. 8,4 gam. B. 14,5 gam. C. 12,2 gam. D. 4,2 gam.
44. Ha tan 2,24 lit kh hiro clorua (ktc) vo 46,35 gam nc thu c dung dch HCl c
nng l :
A. 7,3%. B. 73%. C. 7,87%. D. 0,1M.
45. Ha tan hon ton 5,6 gam mt lim loi M ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d, thu c
2,24 lit kh (ktc). iu khng nh no sau y l ng:
A. M l Fe, khi lng mui khan l 9,15 gam. B. M l Si, khi lng mui khan l 9,15 gam.
C. M l Fe, khi lng mui khan l 12,7 gam. D. M l Si, khi lng mui khan l 12,7 gam.
46. C 1 gam ca mi kh sau trong cng mt iu kin nhit v p sut. Kh chim th
tch ln nht l :
A. flo. B. clo. C. brom. D. iot.
47. Sc kh clo d vo dung dch cha cc mui NaBr v NaI n phn ng hon ton ta thu
c 1,17 gam NaCl. S mol cua hn hp mui ban u l:
A. 0,01 mol. B. 0,015 mol. C. 0,02 mol. D. 0,025 mol.
48. Ha tan 5,85 gam NaCl vo nc c 500 ml dung dch NaCl. Dung dch ny c nng
l :
A. 0,0002M. B. 0,1M. C. 0,2M. D. Kt qu khc.
49. Cho lng d dung dch AgNO3 tc dng vi hn hp gm 0,1 mol NaF v 0,1 mol NaCl.
Khi lng kt ta to thnh l:
A. 10,8 gam. B. 14,35 gam. C. 21,6 gam. D. 27,05 gam.
50. Ha tan 10 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat kim loi ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d ta
thu c dung dch A v 2,24 lit kh (ktc). C cn dung dch A, s gam mui thu c l:
A. 7,55 gam. B. 11,1 gam. C. 12,2 gam. D. 13,55 gam.
51. Cho 4 n cht F
2
; Cl
2
; Br
2
; I
2
. Cht c nhit si cao nht l
A. F
2
. B. Cl
2
. C. Br
2
. D. I
2
.
52. Cu no sau y Khng ng?
A. Cc halogen l nhng phi kim mnh nht trong mi chu k.
B. Cc halogen u c s oxi ha l -1; 0; +1; +3; +5; +7.
C. Cc halogen u c 7 electron lp ngoi cng thuc phn lp s v p.
D. Tnh oxi ho ca cc halogen gim dn t flo n iod.
53. Cc hp cht to bi 2 nguyn t halogen th halogen c tnh oxi ho mnh hn s c s
oxi ho
A. dng. B. m. C. khng. D. khng xc nh c.
13
54. Trong t nhin, cc halogen
A. ch tn ti dng n cht. B. ch tn ti dng mui halogenua.
C. ch tn ti dng hp cht. D. tn ti c dng n cht v hp cht.
55. Khi cho kh Cl
2
tc dng vi kh NH
3
c chiu sng th
A. thy c khi trng xut hin. B. thy c kt ta xut hin.
C. thy c kh thot ra. D. khng thy c hin tng g.
56. HF c nhit si cao bt thng so vi HCl, HBr, HI l do
A. flo c tnh oxi ho mnh nht. B. flo ch c s oxi ho m trong hp cht.
C. HF c lin kt hiro. D. lin kt H F phn cc mnh nht.
57. Trong cc hp cht, flo ch c s oxi ho -1 cn clo, brom, iod c c s oxi ha +1; +3;
+5; +7 l do so vi clo, brom, iod th
A. flo c tnh oxi ho mnh hn. B. flo c bn knh nguyn t nh hn.
C. nguyn t flo c cu to c bit. D. nguyn t flo khng c phn lp d.
58. iu kin thng, clo l cht kh, mu vng lc, c mi xc v nng hn khng kh
A. 1,25 ln. B. 2,45 ln. C. 1,26 ln. D. 2,25 ln.
59. Trong phng th nghim ngi ta thng iu ch clo bng cch
A. in phn nng chy NaCl. B. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn.
C. phn hu kh HCl. D. cho HCl c tc dng vi MnO
2
; KMnO
4

60. (A-07): Trong cng nghip ngi ta thng iu ch clo bng cch
A. in phn nng chy NaCl. B. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn.
C. cho F
2
y Cl
2
ra khi dd NaCl. D. cho HCl c tc dng vi MnO
2
; un nng.
61. Kh HCl kh khi gp qu tm th lm qu tm
A. chuyn sang mu . B. chuyn sang mu xanh.
C. khng chuyn mu. D. chuyn sang khng mu.
62. Trong phng th nghim ngi ta thng iu ch kh HCl bng cch
A. clo ho cc hp cht hu c. B. cho clo tc dng vi hiro.
C. un nng dung dch HCl c. D. cho NaCl rn tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
c.
63. Th t tng dn tnh axit ca cc axit halogen hiric (HX) l
A. HF < HCl < HBr < HI. B. HI < HBr < HCl < HF.
C. HCl < HBr < HI < HF. D. HBr < HI < HCl < HF.
64. C 4 dung dch NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI ng trong cc l b mt nhn. Nu dng dung dch
AgNO
3
th c th nhn c
A. 1 dung dch. B. 2 dung dch. C. 3 dung dch. D. 4 dung dch.
65. Brom c ln mt t tp cht l clo. Mt trong cc ho cht c th loi b clo ra khi hn
hp l
A. KBr. B. KCl. C. H
2
O. D. NaOH.
66. Axit pecloric c cng thc
A. HClO. B. HClO
2
. C. HClO
3
. D. HClO
4
.
67. Axit cloric c cng thc
A. HClO. B. HClO
2
. C. HClO
3
. D. HClO
4
.
68. (B-07): Cho 13,44 lt kh Cl
2
(ktc) qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100
o
C. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l
A. 0,24M. B. 0,48M. C. 0,2M. D. 0,4M.
69. in phn 2 lt dung dch hn hp NaCl v KCl c mng ngn mt thi gian thu c
1,12 lt kh Cl
2
(ktc). Coi th tch dung dch khng i. Tng nng mol ca NaOH v
KOH trong dung dch thu c l
A. 0,01M. B. 0,025M. C. 0,03M. D. 0,05M.
70. tan ca NaCl 100
O
C l 50 gam. nhit ny dung dch bo ho NaCl c nng
phn trm l
A. 33,33. B. 50. C. 66,67. D. 80.
71. Ho tan 11,2 lt kh HCl (ktc) vo m gam dung dch HCl 16% thu c dung dch HCl
20%. Gi tr ca m l
14
A. 36,5. B. 182,5. C. 365,0. D. 224,0.
72. Ho tan V lt kh HCl (ktc) vo 185,4 gam dung dch HCl 10% thu c dung dch HCl
16,57%. Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48. B. 8,96. C. 2,24. D. 6,72.
73. Cho 11,2 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm Cl
2
v O
2
tc dng va vi 16,98 gam hn hp
Y gm Mg v Al thu c 42,34gam hn hp Z gm MgCl
2
; MgO; AlCl
3
v Al
2
O
3
.
1. Phn trm th tch ca oxi trong X l
A. 52. B. 48. C. 25. D. 75.
2. Phn trm khi lng ca Mg trong Y l
A. 77,74. B. 22,26. C. 19,79 D. 80,21.
74. Sc kh clo d vo dung dch cha mui NaBr v KBr thu c mui NaCl v KCl, ng
thi thy khi lng mui gim 4,45 gam. Lng clo tham gia phn ng vi 2 mui
trn l
A. 0,1 mol. B. 0,05 mol. C. 0,02 mol. D. 0,01 mol.
75. Ho tan hn hp gm 0,2 mol Al; 0,2 mol Fe v 0,2 mol Fe
3
O
4
bng dung dch HCl d thu
c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, ri ly kt ta nung trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 74,2. B. 42,2. C. 64,0. D. 128,0.
76. Ho tan 174 gam hn hp M
2
CO
3
v M
2
SO
3
(M l kim loi kim) vo dung dch HCl d.
Ton b kh CO
2
v SO
2
thot ra c hp th ti thiu bi 500ml dung dch NaOH 3M.
Kim loi M l
A. Li. B. Na. C. K. D. Rb.
77. Cho mt lng hn hp CuO v Fe
2
O
3
tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 2 mui c t
l mol l 1 : 1. Phn trm khi lng ca CuO v Fe
2
O
2
trong hn hp ln lt l
A. 30 v 70. B. 40 v 60. C. 50 v 50. D. 60 v 40.
78. Ho tan hon ton 25,12 gam hn hp Mg, Al, Fe trong dung dch HCl d thu c 13,44
lt kh H
2
(ktc) v m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 67,72. B. 46,42. C. 68,92 D. 47,02.
79. Cho 6,72 lt clo (ktc) tc dng vi 16,8 gam Fe nung nng ri ly cht rn thu c ho
vo nc v khuy u th khi lng mui trong dung dch thu c l
A. 38,10 gam. B. 48,75 gam. C. 32,50 gam. D. 25,40 gam.
80. Cho 9,14 gam hn hp gm Mg, Al, Cu bng dung dch HCl d thu c 7,84 lt kh
(ktc), dung dch X v 2,54 gam cht rn Y. Khi lng mui trong X l
A. 32,15 gam. B. 31,45 gam. C. 33,25 gam. D. 30,35gam.
81. Ho tan hon ton 10,05 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr II v III vo dung
dch HCl thu c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng mui trong A l
A. 10,38gam. B. 20,66gam. C. 30,99gam. D. 9,32gam.
82. Cho 37,6 gam hn hp gm CaO, CuO v Fe
2
O
3
tc dng va vi 0,6 lt dung dch HCl
2M, ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng th s gam mui khan thu c l
A. 70,6. B. 61,0. C. 80,2. D. 49,3
BI TP: CHNG OXI LU HUNH
1. S khc nhau v cu hnh electron gia oxi v cc nguyn t khc trong nhm VIA l
A. nguyn t oxi c 2 electron c thn. B. nguyn t oxi khng c phn lp d.
C. nguyn t oxi khng bn. D. nguyn t oxi c 6e lp ngoi cng.
2. Trong nhm VIA, i t O n Te th bn knh nguyn t
A. tng, tnh oxi ho tng. B. tng, tnh oxi ho gim.
C. gim, tnh oxi ho gim. D. gim, tnh oxi ho tng.
3. iu kin thng H
2
O l cht lng, cn H
2
S, H
2
Se v H
2
Te l nhng cht kh l do
A. oxi trong nc c lai ho sp
3
. B. H
2
O c khi lng phn t nh nht.
15
C. oxi c m in ln nht. D. gia cc phn t H
2
O c lin kt hiro.
4. Oxi l nguyn t phi kim hot ng, c tnh oxi ha mnh l do
A. oxi c m in ln. B. oxi c 6 electron lp ngoi cng.
C. oxi c nhiu trong t nhin. D. oxi l cht kh.
5. Trong phng th nghim ngi ta c th iu ch oxi bng cch
A. nhit phn cc hp cht giu oxi. B. in phn nc ho tan H
2
SO
4
.
C. in phn dung dch CuSO
4
. D. chng phn on khng kh lng.
6. Trong phng th nghim, sau khi iu ch oxi ngi ta c th thu oxi bng phng php
A. y khng kh. B. y nc. C. chng ct. D. chit.
7. Oxi v ozon l
A. hai dng th hnh ca oxi. B. hai ng v ca oxi.
C. hai ng phn ca oxi. D. hai hp cht ca oxi.
8. phn bit oxi v ozon, ngi ta c th dng
A. dd H
2
SO
4
. B. Ag. C. dd KI. D. dd NaOH.
9. Trong cng nghip, sn xut H
2
SO
4
c, ngi ta thu kh SO
3
trong thp hp th bng
A. H
2
O. B. H
2
SO
4
98%. C. H
2
SO
4
long. D. BaCl
2
long.
10. Lu hunh t phng (S
a
) v lu hunh n t (S
b
) l
A. hai dng th hnh ca lu hunh. B. hai ng v ca lu hunh.
C. hai ng phn ca lu hunh. D. hai hp cht ca lu hunh.
11. Ngi ta c th iu ch kh H
2
S bng phn ng no di y?
A. CuS + HCl. B. FeS + H
2
SO
4
long. C. PbS + HNO
3
. D. ZnS + H
2
SO
4
c.
12. Trong cng nghip ngi ta thng iu ch CuSO
4
bng cch cho Cu phn ng vi
A. dung dch Ag
2
SO
4
. B. dung dch H
2
SO
4
long.
C. dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng. D. dung dch H
2
SO
4
long c sc kh oxi.
13. nhit thng, cng thc phn t ca lu hunh l
A. S
2
. B. S
n
. C. S
8
. D. S.
14. H
2
SO
4
long c th tc dng vi tt c cc cht thuc no di y?
A. Fe
3
O
4
, BaCl
2
, NaCl, Al, Cu(OH)
2
. B. Fe(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, Fe, CuO, NH
3
.
C. CaCO
3
, Cu, Al(OH)
3
, MgO, Zn. D. Zn(OH)
2
, CaCO
3
, CuS, Al, Fe
2
O
3
.
15. Cho mt lng Fe d tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng th mui thu c l
A. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. B. FeSO
4
. C. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v FeSO
4
. D. Fe
3
(SO
4
)
2
.
16. Nu cho H
2
SO
4
c vi

s mol nh nhau phn ng va vi cc cht th phn ng no thu
c lng CuSO
4
t nht?
A. H
2
SO
4
+ CuO. B. H
2
SO
4
+ CuCO
3
.
C. H
2
SO
4
+ Cu. D. H
2
SO
4
+ Cu(OH)
2
.
17. Phn ng no sau y khng xy ra?
A. FeS + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
S. B. CuS + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
S.
C. H
2
S + Pb(NO
3
)
2
PbS + 2HNO
3
. D. K
2
S + Pb(NO
3
)
2
PbS + 2KNO
3
.
18. Cho hn hp kh gm CO
2
, SO
2
v SO
3
. C th loi b SO
2
v SO
3
ra khi hn hp bng
A. dung dch Ba(OH)
2
. B. dung dch Br
2
.
C. dung dch KMnO
4
. D. dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
19. C 3 dung dch: NaOH, HCl, H
2
SO
4
. Thuc th duy nht phn bit 3 dung dch l
A. Na
2
CO
3
. B. CaCO
3
. C. Al. D. qu tm.
20. Cho FeS (1); Cu (2); MgO (3); Fe (4); Fe
3
O
4
(5); Cr (6). Dung dch H
2
SO
4
c ngui khng
tc dng vi
A. (1), (2). B. (2), (4). C. (1), (6). D. (4), (6).
21. Ch t cc cht: Fe, S, dung dch FeSO
4
v dung dch H
2
SO
4
c th c bao nhiu phng
php iu ch kh H
2
S bng 2 phn ng?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
22. Ho tan hon ton 4,0 gam hn hp Mg, Fe, Cu bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng, d thu
c 2,24 lt kh SO
2
duy nht (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,2. B. 13,6. C. 12,8. D. 14,4.
16
23. Ho tan hon ton 17,5 gam hn hp Al, Zn, Fe trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d thu c
11,2 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 35,5. B. 41,5. C. 65,5. D. 113,5.
24. Cho m gam hn hp CaCO
3
, ZnS tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 lt kh
(ktc). Cho ton b lng kh tc dng vi SO
2
d thu c 9,6 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 29,7. B. 29,4. C. 24,9. D. 27,9.
25. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 0,02 mol FeS
2
v 0,01 mol FeS ri cho kh thu c hp
th ht vo dung dch KMnO
4
va , thu c V lt dung dch c pH = 2. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. 8.
26. Trn 22,4 gam bt Fe vi 9,6 gam bt S ri nung trong iu kin khng c khng kh n
khi phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn X. Ho tan X bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d thu
c kh Y. t chy hon ton Y cn V lt O
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96. B. 11,20. C. 13,44. D. 15,68.
27. Cho 0,25 mol Fe tan va ht trong 0,6 mol H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c dung dch ch cha m
gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 50,0. B. 40,0. C. 42,8. D. 67,6.
28. Cho 17,6 gam FeS tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, d ri cho kh thot ra hp th va
bi 291 ml dung dch CuSO
4
10%. Khi lng ring ca dung dch CuSO
4
dng l
A. 1,4 g/ml. B. 1,3 g/ml. C. 1,2 g/ml. D. 1,1 g/ml.
29. Dn t t n d kh H
2
S qua dung dch X cha NaCl, NH
4
Cl, CuCl
2
v FeCl
3
thu c kt
ta Y gm
A. CuS v FeS. B. CuS v S. C. CuS. D. Fe
2
S
3
v CuS.
30. Khi t chy hon ton 9,7 gam mt cht A thu c kh SO
2
v 8,1 gam mt oxit kim loi
ha tr II (cha 80,2% kim loi v khi lng). Lng SO
2
sinh ra phn ng va vi 16
gam Br
2
trong dung dch. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. ZnS
2
. B. ZnS. C. CuS
2
. D. CuS.
31. Cho 2,24 lt kh SO
2
(ktc) hp th ht vo 50 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c dung dch
X cha
A. Na
2
SO
3
v NaHSO
3
. B. NaHSO
3
. C. Na
2
SO
3
. D. Na
2
SO
3
v NaOH.
32. (B-07) : Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c nng (d), thot ra
0,112 lt (ktc) kh SO
2
(l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht l
A. FeCO
3
. B. FeS
2
. C. FeS. D. FeO.
33. nh n bit O
2
v O
3
ta khng th dng ch t no sau y?
A. dung d ch KI cng v i h tinh b t. B. PbS (en).
C. Ag.
D. t chy Cacbon.
34. C u hnh electron no khng ng v i c u hnh electron c a anion X
2-
c a
cc nguyn t nhm VIA?
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
. C. [Ne] 3s
2
3p
6
. D. [Ar] 4s
2
4p
6
.
35. O
2
b l n m t t t p ch t Cl
2
. Ch t t t nh t lo i b Cl
2
l
A. H
2
O. B. KOH. C. SO
2
.

D. KI.
36. Nung 316 gam KMnO
4
m t th i gian th y cn l i 300 gam ch t r n. V y
ph n tr m KMnO
4
b nhi t phn l
A. 25%. B. 30%. C. 40%. D. 50%.
37. SO
2
b l n t p ch t SO
3
, dng cch no d i y thu c SO
2
nguyn
ch t?
A. cho h n h p kh s c t t qua dung d ch n c brom.
B. s c h n h p kh qua n c vi trong d .
C. s c h n h p kh qua dung d ch BaCl
2
long d .
D. s c h n h p kh t t qua dung d ch Na
2
CO
3
.
17
38. CO
2
b l n t p ch t SO
2
, dng cch no d i y thu c CO
2
nguyn
ch t?
A. s c h n h p kh qua dung d ch n c mu i d . B. s c h n
h p kh qua dung d ch n c vi trong d .
C. s c h n h p kh qua dung d ch thu c tm. D. tr n h n h p kh v i kh H
2
S.
39. 7. H
2
S tc d ng v i ch t no m s n ph m khng th c l u hu nh?
A. O
2
. B. SO
2
. C. FeCl
3
. D. CuCl
2
.
40. H
2
SO
4
c ngu i khng th tc d ng v i nhm kim lo i no sau y?
A. Fe, Zn. B. Fe, Al. C. Al, Zn. D. Al, Mg.
41. Trong s n xu t H
2
SO
4
trong cng nghi p ng i ta cho kh SO
3
h p th vo
A. H
2
O. B. dung d ch H
2
SO
4
long. C. H
2
SO
4
c
t o oleum. D. H
2
O
2
.
42. C n ho tan bao nhiu lit SO
3
(kc) vo 600 gam H
2
O thu c dung
d ch H
2
SO
4
49%?
A. 56 lit. B. 89,6 lit. C. 112 lit. D. 168 lit.
43. Nung 25 gam tinh th CuSO
4
. xH
2
O (mu xanh) t i kh i l ng khng i
thu c 16 gam ch t r n mu tr ng CuSO
4
khan. Gi tr c a x l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 5. D. 10.
44. C th dng H
2
SO
4
c lm khan (lm kh) t t c cc kh trong dy
no sau y?
A. CO
2
, NH
3
, H
2
, N
2
. B. NH
3
, H
2
, N
2
, O
2
. C. CO
2
, N
2
, SO
2
, O
2
. D. CO
2
, H
2
S,
N
2
, O
2
.
45. Kh H
2
S khng tc d ng v i ch t no sau y?
A. dung d ch CuCl
2
. B. kh Cl
2
. C. dung d ch KOH. D. dung d ch
FeCl
2
.
46. Hn h p X g m O
2
v O
3
c t kh i so v i H
2
b ng 20. t chy hon
ton 1 mol CH
4
c n bao nhiu mol X?
A. 1,2 mol. B. 1,5 mol. C. 1,6 mol. D. 1,75 mol.
47. H
2
O
2
th hi n l ch t oxi ho trong ph n ng v i ch t no d i y?
A. dung d ch KMnO
4
. B. dung d ch H
2
SO
3
C. MnO
2
. D.
O
3
.
48. Ho tan 0,01 mol oleum H
2
SO
4
.3SO3 vo n c c dung d ch X. S ml
dung d ch NaOH 0,4M trung ho dung d ch X b ng
A. 100 ml. B. 120 ml. C. 160 ml. D. 200 ml.
49. Ho tan 33,8 gam oleum H
2
SO
4
.nSO3 vo n c, sau cho tc d ng v i
l ng d BaCl
2
th y c 93,2 gam k t t a. Cng th c ng c a oleum l
A. H
2
SO
4
.SO
3
. B. H
2
SO
4
. 2SO
3
. C. H
2
SO
4
.3SO
3
.

D.
H
2
SO
4
.4SO
3
.
50. Cho s ph n ng: KMnO
4
+ H
2
O
2
+ H
2
SO
4
MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ O
2
+
H
2
O. H s t l ng ng ng v i ch t oxi ho v ch t kh l:
A. 5 v 3. B. 5 v 2. C. 2 v 5. D. 3 v 5.
51. Ag trong khng kh b bi n thnh mu en do khng kh b
nhi m b n ch t no d i y?
A. SO
2
v SO
3
.

B. HCl ho c Cl
2
. C. H
2
ho c h i n c. D. ozon ho c
hirosunfua.
52. T ng kim lo i ng i ta c th i u ch CuSO
4
theo cc cch sau:
(1). Cu CuO CuSO
4
+ H
2
O (2). Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
c CuSO
4
+
SO
2
+ H
2
O
(3). Cu + H
2
SO
4
+ O
2( kk)
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O
Ph ng php no t t nh t, ti t ki m axit v n ng l ng?
18
A. cch 1. B. cch 2. C. cch 3. D. c 3 cch
nh nhau.
53. S oxi ho ca S trong cc h p ch t sau: Cu
2
S, FeS
2
, NaHSO
4
, (NH
4
)
2
S
2
O
8
,
Na
2
SO
3
l n l t l:
A. -4, -2, +6, +7, +4. B. -4, -1, +6, +7, +4. C. -2, -1, +6,
+6, +4. D. -2, -1, +6, +7, +4.
54. tr ng thi kch thch cao nh t, nguyn t l u hu nh c th c t i a bao
nhiu electron c thn?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 6.
55. D n 2,24 lit (kc) h n h p kh X g m O
2
v O
3
i qua dung d ch KI d th y
c 12,7 gam ch t r n mu tm
en. Nh v y % th tch c a O
3
trong X l
A. 50%. B. 25%. C. 75%. D. khng xc
nh chnh xc.
56. H t vi m no sau y c c u hnh electron gi ng Ar ( Z=18)?
A. O
2-
. B. S. C. Te. D. S
2-
.
57. Nhi t phn hon ton 24,5 gam m t mu i v c th y thot ra 6,72 lit O
2
(kc). Ph n ch t r n cn l i ch a 52,35% kali v 47,65% clo. Cng th c
c a mu i em nhi t phn l
A. KClO. B. KClO
2
. C. KClO
3
. D. KClO
4
.
58. Hy ch n pht bi u ng v Oxi v ozon.
A. Oxi v ozon u c tnh oxi ho m nh nh nhau.
B. Oxi v ozon u c s proton v n tron gi ng nhau trong phn t .
C. Oxi v ozon l cc d ng th hnh c a nguyn t oxi.
D. C oxi v ozon u ph n ng u c v i cc ch t nh Ag, KI, PbS nhi t
th ng.
59. Ho tan hon ton 13 gam kim lo i M b ng dung d ch H
2
SO
4
long thu
c 4,48 lit kh (kc), kim lo i M l
A. Mg. B. Al. C. Fe. D. Zn.
60. Ph n ng no sau y khng th x y ra?
A. SO
2
+ dung d ch n c clo. B. SO
2
+ dung d ch BaCl
2
.
C. SO
2
+ dung d ch H
2
S. D. SO
2
+
dung d ch NaOH.
61. T 120 kg FeS
2
c th i u ch c t i a bao nhiu lit dung d ch
H
2
SO
4
98% (d = 1,84 gam/ml)?
A. 120 lit. B. 114,5 lit. C. 108,7 lit. D. 184 lit.
30. Oxi ho hon ton m gam h n h p cng s mol Cu v Al thu c 13,1 gam
h n h p oxit. Gi tr c a m l
A. 7,4 gam. B. 8,7 gam. C. 9,1 gam. D. 10 gam.
62. Ho tan hon ton m t mi ng kim lo i R b ng dung d ch H
2
SO
4
c nng
thu c mu i sunfat c a R v 2,24 lit SO
2
(kc). S mol electron m R
cho l
A. 0,2 mol e. B. 0,4 mol e. C. 0,1n mol e. D. khng xc
nh.
63. ph n ng v a v i 100 ml dung d ch BaCl
2
2M c n ph i dng 500 ml
dung d ch Na
2
SO
4
v i n ng bao nhiu?
A. 0,1M. B. 0,4M. C. 1,4M. D. 0,2M.
64. S c t t 2,24 lit SO
2
(kc) vo 100 ml dung d ch NaOH 3M. Cc ch t c
trong dung d ch sau ph n ng l:
A. Na
2
SO
3
, NaOH, H
2
O. B. NaHSO
3
, H
2
O. C. Na
2
SO
3
, H
2
O. D. Na
2
SO
3
,
NaHSO
3
, H
2
O.
19
65. Cho hn h p g m Fe v FeS tc d ng v i dung d ch HCl d thu c 2,24
lit h n h p kh i u ki n chu n. H n h p kh ny c t kh i so v i hiro
l 9. Thnh ph n % theo s mol c a h n h p Fe v FeS ban u l n l t
l:
A. 40% v 60%. B. 50% v 50%. C. 35% v 65%. D. 45% v
55%.
66. pha long dung d ch H
2
SO&shy;
4
c trong phng th nghi m, ng i ta
ti n hnh theo cch no d i y?
A. cho t t n c vo axit v khu y u . B. cho t t axit vo n c v
khu y u.
C. cho nhanh n c vo axit v khu y u. D. cho nhanh axit vo n c v
khu y u.
67. Ch dng m t thu c th no d i y phn bi t cc l ng ring bi t
kh SO
2
v CO
2
?
A. dung d ch n c brom. B. dung d ch
NaOH.
C. dung d ch Ba(OH)
2
. D. dung d ch
Ca(OH)
2
.
68. Cho FeCO
3
tc d ng v i H
2
SO
4
c nng d . S n ph m kh thu c l:
A. CO
2
v SO
2
. B. H
2
S v CO
2
. C. SO
2
. D. CO
2
69. Cho 12 gam hn hp kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i tan ht trong dd H
2
SO
4
c, nng
thu c 5,6 lt kh SO
2
ktc v dung dch X. Khi lng dung dch X tng hay gim bao
nhiu gam so vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
ban u?
A. gim 4 gam B. tng 4 gam C. gim 6 gam D. tng
12 gam
70. Ozon l cht kh cn thit trn thng tng kh quyn v:
A. N lm cho tri t m hn.
B. N ngn nga kh oxi thot khi Tri t.
C. N hp th cc bc x t ngoi ( tia cc tm).
D. N phn ng vi tia gamma t ngoi khng gian to kh freon.
71. Cho PTHH: NO
2
+ SO
2
NO + SO
3
. Cu no din t ng tnh cht ca cc cht phn
ng?
A. NO
2
l cht kh, SO
2
l cht oxi ha. B. NO
2
l cht oxi ha, SO
2
l cht b
kh.
C. NO
2
l cht oxi ha, SO
2
l cht kh. D. NO
2
l cht kh, SO
2
l cht b oxi
ha
72. Ho tan ht 50 gam hn hp gm Cu v CuO trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng d thu c
11,2 lt kh SO
2
ktc. Hm lng % ca CuO trong hn hp l :
A.64 %. B.36 %. C.32 % D.68%.
73. Tr ng hp no thu c lng kh SO
2
nhiu nht :
A. Cho 1 mol S tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c nng. B. Cho 1 mol C tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c
nng.
C.Cho 1 mol Cu tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c nng. D.Cho 1 mol K
2
SO
3
tc dng ht vi
H
2
SO
4
.
74. Cho 10,4g hn hp gm Fe v Mg tc dng va vi 9,6g S. % khi lng ca Fe v Mg
trong hn hp l:
A. 52,76% v 47,24% B. 53,85% v 46,15% C. 63,8% v 36,2% D. 72% v
28%
75. H s ca cht oxi ha v cht kh trong phng trnh ha hc sau y l:
P + H
2
SO
4
H
3
PO
4
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O.
A. 5 v 2. B. 2 v 5. C. 7 v 9. D. 7 v
7.
20
76. Ha tan hon ton 33,1 gam hn hp Mg, Fe, Zn vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, d thy c
13,44 lt kh thot ra (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui
khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 78,7 gam B. 75,5 gam C. 74,6 gam D. 90,7 gam
77. Cho 38,3 gam hn hp gm 4 oxit kim loi Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO, Al
2
O
3
tan va trong
800ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M. C cn dung dch th thu c a gam mui khan. Gi tr ca a
l:
A. 68,1gam B. 86,2 gam C. 102,3 gam D. 90,3 gam
78. a gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp A c khi
lng 37,6 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
. Cho hn hp A phn ng ht vi dung dch
H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c 3,36 lt kh SO
2
(ktc). Khi lng a gam l:
A. 56gam B. 11,2 gam C. 38 gam D. 8,4 gam
79. Cho 4 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, d
thy c 2,24 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c l:
A. 4,2 gam B. 2,4 gam C. 13,8 gam D. 13,6gam
80. Cho 72 gam hn hp Cu v CuO tc dng ht vi 2 lt dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c
11,2 lt kh SO
2
ktc. Nng mol ca mui thu c l:
A. 0,25M B. 0,2M C. 0,5M D. 0,45M
81. phn bit cc kh khng mu : HCl, CO
2
, O
2
, O
3
. Phi dng ln lt cc ha cht l :
A .Nc vi trong , qu tm m t, dung dch KI c h tinh bt.
B. Qu tm tm t, vi sng, dung dch KI c h tinh bt
C. Qu tm tm t, nc vi trong, dung dch KI c h tinh bt.
D. Dung dch NaOH, dung dch KI c h tinh bt
82. Cho hn hp gm 0,03 mol Fe, 0,03 mol Fe
3
O
4
tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch
H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung dch X ( coi th tch dung dch khng i). Nng ca
mui trong X l:
A.0,5M B. 0,6M C. 1,2M D. 2M
83. Ho tan hon ton 0,52 gam hn hp 2 kim loi bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, d. Kt thc
th nghim thu c dd A v V lt kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch A thu c 1,96 gam
mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,36 lt B. 0,336 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 0,448 lt
84. Nh bo qun bng nc ozon, mn Bc H Lo Cai, cam H Giang c bo qun tt
hn. Nguyn nhn no di y lm cho nc ozon c th bo qun hoa qu ti lu ngy?
A. Ozon l mt kh c
B. Ozon c v d tan trong nc hn oxi
C. Ozon c tnh cht oxi ho mnh, kh nng st trng cao v d tan trong nc hn oxi
D. Ozon c tnh ty mu
85. Cho 104 gam BaCl
2
vo 200gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
d.Lc b kt ta. trung ha nc lc
phi dng ht 250 ml dung dch NaOH 25% (D= 1,28g/ml). Nng ca H
2
SO
4
trong dung
dch ban u
A. 45% B. 49% C. 50% D. 51%
86. Cho 8,43 gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300ml dung dch
H
2
SO
4
0,3M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng , khi lng hn hp cc mui sunfat khan to
ra l:
A. 13,65 gam B. 15,63 gam C. 17,25 gam D. 15,27 gam
87. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hp A gm Mg, Fe
2
O
3
bng dd H
2
SO
4
long, d thy thot ra V lt
H
2
(ktc) v thu c dd B.Thm t t NaOH n d vo dd B ; kt thc th nghim thu ly
kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 28 gam cht rn .V c gi tr l :
A. 5,6 lt B. 11,2 lt C. 22,4 lt D. 33,6 lt
88. Tm cu sai trong cc cu sau:
A. Cc dng th hnh ca lu hunh c th bin i qua li vi nhau.
B. Cc dng th hnh ca lu hunh khc nhau mt s tnh cht vt l.
21
C. Cc dng th hnh ca lu hunh khc nhau mt s tnh cht ha hc.
D. Tnh cht vt l ca lu hunh b nh hng bi nhit .
89. Cho cc phn ng sau:
a) SO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaSO
3
+ H
2
O b) SO
2
+ 2H
2
S 3S + 2H
2
O
c) SO
2
+ H
2
O + Br
2
2HBr + H
2
SO
4
d) SO
2
+ NaOH NaHSO
3
SO
2
ng vai tr l cht oxi ha trong phn ng:
A. a, b, d. B. c, d. C. b. D. a, b, c, d.
90. Pht biu no di y khng ng?
A. H
2
SO
4
c l cht ht nc mnh
B. H
2
SO
4
long c y tnh cht chung ca axit
C. Khi tip xc vi H
2
SO
4
c, d gy bng nng
D. Khi pha long axit sunfuric, ch c cho t t nc vo axit
91. Oxi v ozon l dng th hnh ca nhau v:
A. chng l nhng n cht c to ra t cng mt nguyn t ha hc oxi.
B. u l n cht nhng s lng nguyn t khc nhau.
C. u c tnh oxi ha.
D. C cng s proton v notron
92. Gi s hiu sut ca qu trnh sn xut l 100% th khi lng H
2
SO
4
c th thu c t 1,6
tn qung pirit st c cha 60% FeS
2
l bao nhiu?
A. 1,566 tn B. 1,725 tn C. 1,200 tn D. 6,320 tn
93. Ha tan 10,7 gam hn hp kim loi gm Fe, Mg, Al trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu
c 0,4 mol SO
2
. C cn dung dch sau phn ng , khi lng cht rn khan thu c l:
A. 69,1 gam B. 96,1 gam C. 61,9 gam D. 49,1 gam
94. Pht biu no di y khng ng khi ni v kh nng phn ng ca oxi?
A. Oxi phn ng trc tip vi hu ht kim loi
B. Oxi phn ng trc tip vi tt c cc phi kim
C. Oxi tham gia vo qu trnh chy, g, h hp
D. Nhng phn ng m oxi tham gia u l phn ng oxi ho - kh
95. Oxi khng phn ng trc tip vi :
A. Crom B. Clo C. Photpho D. Lu hunh
96. Ha tan hon ton 16 gam hn hp Mg, Fe bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long va . Sau phn
ng thy khi lng dung dch tng thm 15,2 gam so vi ban u. Khi lng mui khan
thu c sau khi c cn dung dch l:
A. 53,6 gam B. 54,4 gam C. 92 gam D. 92,8 gam
97. Ho tan ht m gam Cu trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng c V lt kh SO
2
ktc. Mt khc
lng kh SO
2
trn lm mt mu va ht 200 ml dung dch Brom 1M. Gi tr ca m v V
l :
A.6,4 v 2,24 lt . B.6,4 v 4,48 lt. C.12,8 v 2,24 lt. D.12,8 v
4,48 lt.
98. Cu 30: Cho 2,7 gam mt ming nhm ngoi khng kh mt thi gian, thy khi lng
tng thm 1,44 gam. Phn trm ming nhm b oxi ha bi oxi ca khng kh l:
A. 60% B. 40% C. 50% D. 80%
99. C nh ng phn t v ion sau y, phn t hoc ion no c nhiu electron nht?
A. SO
2
B. SO
3
2-
C. S
2-
D. SO
4
2-
100. T 120 g FeS
2
c th iu ch c bao nhiu ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
98% ( D = 1,84
g/ml ) bit hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 80% :
A.86,96 ml. B.98,66 ml. C.68,96 ml. D.96,86
ml.
101. Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt kh SO
2
(ktc) vo bnh ng 300ml dung dch NaOH
0,5M. C cn dung dch p sut thp th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l bao
nhiu gam?
A. 1,15 B. 11,5 C. 15,1 D. 1,51
22
102. Dn V lt kh SO
2
vo dung dch nc Br
2
0,1M th lm mt mu va ht 200 ml.
Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cn dng trung ho ht dung dch sau phn ng l :
A.80 ml. B.60 ml. C.40 ml. D.100 ml.
103. Cho phng trnh ha hc sau: S + 2H
2
SO
4
3SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Trong phn ng ny, t l gia s nguyn t lu hunh b kh v s nguyn t lu hunh b oxi ha
l:
A. 1 : 2 B. 1 : 3 C. 3 : 1 D. 2 : 1
104. Cho hn hp gm Fe v FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lit hn
hp kh iu kin tiu chun. Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi hiro l 9. Thnh phn %
theo s mol ca hn hp Fe v FeS ban u l:
A. 40 v 60. B. 50 v 50. C. 35 v 65. D. 45 v
55.
105. C 4 dung dch cha trong 4 l mt nhn : NaCl, KNO
3
, Pb(NO
3
)
2
, CuSO
4
.C th
dng nhng thuc th no trong cc dy di y nhn bit :
A.H
2
S, AgNO
3
v BaCl
2
. B.Qu tm, BaCl
2
v AgNO
3

C.NaOH v AgNO
3
. D.C A, B,C u ng.
106. C 3 bnh ring bit ng 3 dung dch : HCl, H
2
SO
3
, H
2
SO
4,
thuc th duy nht
phn bit chng l :
A. Qu tm. C. Dung dch BaCl
2
B. Dung dch AgNO
3
D. Dung dch
NaOH
107. C mt hn hp kh gm oxi v ozon. Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi H
2
l 36.
Thnh phn phn trm theo th tch ca oxi v ozzon trong hn hp kh ln lt l :
A.80% v 20% B.75% v 25% C.25% v 75% D.60% v
40%
108. Oxit no sau y khi tc dng vi axit H
2
SO
4
c, nng c th gii phng kh SO
2
?
A. Fe
2
O
3
B. Al
2
O
3
C. Fe
3
O
4
D. ZnO
109. Dy kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long l:
A. Cu, Zn, Na C. K, Mg, Al, Fe, Zn. B. Ag, Ba, Fe, Sn D. Au, Pt, Al
110. Phn ng no sau y c cht tham gia l axit sunfuric long ?
A. 2H
2
SO
4
+ C 2SO
2
+ CO
2
+ 2H
2
O. B. H
2
SO
4
+ FeO FeSO
4
+ H
2
O.
C. 6H
2
SO
4
+ 2Fe Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6H
2
O + 3SO
2
D. 4H
2
SO
4
+2Fe(OH)
2
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6H
2
O +
SO
2
111. Ha tan hon ton 10,14 gam hn hp Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dd H
2
SO
4
long thu c 7,84 lt kh A (ktc) v 1,54 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. C cn dd C thu
m gam mui khan, m c gi tr l:
A. 24,4gam B. 4,22 gam C. 8,6 gam D. 42,2 gam
112. phn bit oxi v ozon c th dng cht no sau y ?
A. Cu B. H tinh bt. C. H
2
. D. dd KI v h tinh bt .
113. Cho 40 gam hn hp Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn tc dng vi O
2
d nung nng thu c m
gam hn hp X.Cho hn hp X ny tc dng va dung dch HCl cn 400 ml dung dch
HCl 2M (khng c H
2
bay ra).Tnh khi lng m ?
A. 46,4 gam B. 44,6 gam C. 52,8 gam D. 58,2 gam
114. Thm t t dung dch BaCl
2
vo 300ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
1M cho n khi lng kt
ta bt u khng i th dng li, ht 50ml. Nng mol ca dung dch BaCl
2
l:
A. 6,0M. B. 0,6M. C. 0,06M. D. 0,006M
115. H
2
SO
4
c khng lm kh c kh no sau y?
A. H
2
S B. CO
2
C. Cl
2
D. O
2
116. Phn ng no sau y c cht tham gia l axit sunfuric long ?
A.2H
2
SO
4
+ C 2SO
2
+ CO
2
+ 2H
2
O. B.H
2
SO
4
+ FeO FeSO
4
+ H
2
O.
C.6H
2
SO
4
+ 2Fe Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6H
2
O + 3SO
2
D.4H
2
SO
4
+2Fe(OH)
2
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6H
2
O +
SO
2
23
117. nh gi nhim bn khng kh ca mt nh my,ngi ta ly hai lt khng kh
ri dn qua dd Pb(NO
3
)
2
d thy c kt ta mu en xut hin.Hin tng ny chng t
trong khng kh c hin din kh ?
A.CO
2
B.H
2
S C.NH
3
D.SO
2
118. Ha tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Al bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 11,08 gam mui khan. Th tch
kh H
2
sinh ra ktc l:
A. 0,896 lt B. 1,344 lt C. 1,568 lt D. 2,016
lt
119. 11,2 lit (kc) hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi tc dng ht vi 16,98 gam hn hp B
gm magi v nhm to ra 42,34 gam hn hp clorua v oxit ca 2 kim loi. Tnh thnh
phn phn trm v th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp A? thnh phn phn trm v khi
lng ca tng cht trong hn hp B?
120. Ho tan hon ton mt lng bt st vo dung dch HNO3 thu c mui st (III)
nitrat v hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01 mol NO. Tnh khi lng st ho
tan?
121. Cho 11 gam hn hp st v nhm vo dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c 10,08 lit
kh SO2 (kc). Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp?
122. Ho tan hon ton a gam FexOy bng dung dch H2SO4 thu c b gam mt mui
v c 168 ml kh SO2 (kc) duy nht thot ra. Tnh tr s a, b v cng thc FexOy?
123. m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp M c khi
lng 12 gam gm: Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton M vo dung dch H2SO4
c thu oc 3,36 lit SO2 duy nht (kc). Tnh gi tr m?
124. Ho tan hon ton 11,9 g hn hp kim loi Al, Zn bng dd H2SO4 c nng thu
c dd X; 7,616 lit SO2 (kc) v 0,64 g lu hunh. Tnh tng khi lng mui trong X?
125. Nung 81,95 g hn hp gm KCl, KNO
3
v KClO
3
(xc tc thch hp) n khi khi
lng khng i. Sn phm kh sinh ra tc dng vi hiro, thu c 14,4 g H
2
O. Sn phm
rn sinh ra c ho tan trong nc ri x l dung dch ny bng dung dch AgNO
3
, sinh ra
100,45 g AgCl kt ta.
a) Vit phng trnh ho hc.
b) Xc nh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u
126. Oleum l g?
a) Hy xc nh cng thc ca oleum A, bit rng sau khi ho tan 3,38g A vo nc, ngi ta phi
dng 800ml dung dch KOH 0,1M trung ho dung dch A.
b) Cn ho tan bao nhiu gam oleum A vo 200g nc c dung dch H
2
SO
4
10%?
127. Mt bnh kn ng oxi nhit t
0
C c p sut P
1
(atm), sau khi phng tia la in
chuyn oxi thnh ozon bnh c a v nhit ban u, p sut kh trong bnh lc ny
l P
2
. Tip tc dn kh trong bnh qua dung dch K (d), thu c dung dch A v 2,2848 lt
kh (ktc).
a) Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh ozon ho. Bit rng trung ho dd A cn dng 150ml dd H
2
SO
4
0,08M.
b) Tnh P
2
theo P
1
.
128. Nhng hiro halgenua no c th iu ch c khi cho axit sunfuric c tc dng
ln lt vi cc mui.
a. Natri florua. b. Natri clorua.
c. Natri bromua. d. Natri iotua
129. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta c th iu ch kh clo bng nhng phn ng sau:
a) Dng MnO
2
oxi ho dung dch HCl c.
b) Dng KMnO
4
oxi ho dung dch HCl c.
c) Dng H
2
SO
4
c tc dng vi hn hp NaCl v MnO
2
.
Hy vit cc phng trnh ho hc
24
130. Nu t Mg trong khng kh ri a vo bnh ng kh lu hunh ioxit, nhn thy
c 2 cht bt c sinh ra: bt A mu trng v bt B mu vng. Bt B khng tc dng vi
dung dch axit sunfuric long nhng chy c trong khng kh, sinh ra kh C lm mt mu
dung dch kali pemanganat.
a) Hy cho bit tn cc cht A, B, C v gii thch.
b) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra
131. Nhng dng c bng bc hoc ng s chuyn thnh mu en trong khng kh hay
trong nc c cha hiro sunfua, l do chng b ph bng mt lp mui sunfua kim loi c
mu en theo cc phn ng sau:
Ag + H
2
S + O
2
Ag
2
S + H
2
O Cu + H
2
S + O
2
CuS + H
2
O
a) Hy xc nh s oxi ho ca nhng nguyn t tham gia phn ng oxi ho - kh.
b) Lp phng trnh ho hc ca nhng phn ng trn.
c) Cho bit vai tr ca nhng cht tham gia phn ng oxi ho - kh
132. Bi 46: Axit sunfuric tham gia phn ng vi cc cht, tu thuc vo iu kin ca
phn ng (nng ca axit, nhit ca phn ng, mc hot ng ca cht kh) c
nhng phn ng ho hc:
H
2
SO
4
+ H
2
+ H
2
S + H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ HBr Br
2
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
H
2
SO
4
+ Fe Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ Zn ZnSO
4
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
H
2
SO
4
+ Zn ZnSO
4
+ S + H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ Zn ZnSO
4
+ H
2
S + H
2
O
a) Hy cho bit s oxi ho ca nhng nguyn t no thay i v thay i nh th no?
b) Lp phng trnh ho hc ca nhng phn ng trn.
c) Cho bit vai tr ca nhng cht tham gia cc phn ng oxi ho - kh trn
133. Cu no sau y khng din t ng tnh cht ca cc cht?
A. O
2
v O
3
cng c tnh oxi ho, nhng O
3
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn.
B. H
2
O v H
2
O
2
cng c tnh oxi ho, nhng H
2
O c tnh oxi ho yu hn.
C. H
2
SO
3
v H
2
SO
4
cng c tnh oxi ho, nhng H
2
SO
4
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn.
D. H
2
S v H
2
SO
4
cng c tnh oxi ho, nhng H
2
S c tnh oxi ho yu hn
134. Cht no sau y va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh?
A. O
3
. B. H
2
SO
4
.
C. H
2
S. D. H
2
O
2
135. Hn hp rn X gm c Na
2
SO
3
, NaHSO
3
v Na
2
SO
4
. Cho 28,56 g X tc dng vi
dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, d. Kh SO
2
sinh ra lm mt mu hon ton 675cm
3
dung dch brom
0,2M. Mt khc 7,14 g X tc dng va vi 21,6cm
3
dung dch KOH 0,125M.
a) Vit phng trnh ho hc.
b) Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng cc cht trong hn hp X
136. C 100 ml H
2
SO
4
98%, khi lng ring l 1,84g/ml. Ngi ta mun pha long th
tch H
2
SO
4
trn thnh dung dch H
2
SO
4
20%.
a) Tnh th tch nc cn dng pha long.
b) Cch pha long phi tin hnh nh th no?
137. C nhng cht, trong phn ng ho hc ny chng l cht kh, nhng trong phn
ng khc chng l cht oxi ho. Hy vit phng trnh ho hc minh ho nhn nh trn cho
nhng trng hp sau:
a) Axit b) Oxit baz
c) Oxit axit d) Mui
e) n cht
a) Axit sunfuric c c dng lm kh kh m, hy ly mt th d. C mt s kh m khng c
lm kh bng axit sunfuric c, hy ly mt th d v cho bit v sao?
25
b) Axit sunfuric c c th bin nhiu hp cht hu c thnh than, c gi l s ho than. Ly th
d v s ho than ca glucoz v saccaroz. Vit s phn ng.
c) S lm kh v s ho than ni trn khc nhau nh th no?
138. Cho cc dung dch khng mu ca cc cht sau: NaCl, K
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
, HCl,
Ba(NO
3
)
2
. Hy phn bit cc dung dch cho bng phng php ho hc m khng dng
thm ho cht no khc lm thuc th.
Vit cc phng trnh ho hc nu c.
139. Hy lp bng so snh nhng tnh cht ging nhau, khc nhau gia hai hp cht ca
lu hunh l hiro sunfua v lu hunh ioxit v:
a) Tnh cht vt l.
b) Tnh cht ho hc, gii thch v chng minh bng phng trnh ho hc
Hy chn h s ng ca cht oxi ho v ca cht kh trong phn ng sau:
KMnO
4
+ H
2
O
2
+ H
2
SO
4
MnSO
4
+ O
2
+ K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
A. 3 v 5 B. 5 v 2 C. 2 v 5 D. 5 v 3
140. Hy ghp cp cht v tnh cht ca cht sao cho ph hp:
Cht Tnh cht ca cht
A. S a) c tnh oxi ho
B. SO
2
b) c tnh kh
C. H
2
S c) cht rn c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh
D. H
2
SO
4
d) khng c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh
e) cht kh c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh
141. Lu hunh ioxit c th tham gia nhng phn ng sau:
SO
2
+ Br
2
+ 2H
2
O 2HBr + H
2
SO
4
(1)
SO
2
+ 2H
2
S 3S + 2H
2
O (2)
142. Cu no sau y din t khng ng tnh cht ca cc cht trong nhng phn ng
trn?
A. Phn ng (1): SO
2
l cht kh, Br
2
l cht oxi ho.
B. Phn ng (2): SO
2
l cht oxi ho, H
2
S l cht kh.
C. Phn ng (2): SO
2
va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ho.
D. Phn ng (1): Br
2
l cht oxi ho, phn ng (2): H
2
S l cht kh
143. Cho hn hp FeS v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 2,464 lit hn hp
kh iu kin tiu chun. Dn hn hp kh ny i qua dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
(d), sinh ra
23,9 g kt ta mu en.
a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b) Hn hp kh thu c gm nhng kh no? Tnh t l s mol cc kh trong hn hp.
c) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca hn hp rn ban u
144. C bn dung dch long ca cc mui NaCl, KNO
3
, Pb(NO
3
)
2
, CuSO
4
. Hy cho bit
c hin tng g xy ra v gii thch khi cho:
a) Dung dch Na
2
S vo mi dung dch cc mui trn.
b) Kh H
2
S i vo mi dung dch cc mui trn
145. Dn kh H
2
S vo dung dch hn hp KMnO
4
v H
2
SO
4
, nhn thy mu tm ca dung
dch chuyn sang khng mu v c vn c mu vng. Hy:
a) Gii thch hin tng quan st c.
b) Vit phng trnh ho hc biu din phn ng.
c) Cho bit vai tr ca cc cht phn ng H
2
S v KMnO
4
146. Bc tip xc vi khng kh c H
2
S b bin i thnh Ag
2
S mu en:
4Ag + 2H
2
S + O
2
2Ag
2
S + 2H
2
O
Cu no din t ng tnh cht ca cc cht phn ng?
A. Ag l cht oxi ho, H
2
S l cht kh.
B. H
2
S l cht kh, O
2
l cht oxi ho.
C. Ag l cht kh, O
2
l cht oxi ho.
D. H
2
S va l cht oxi ho, va l cht kh, cn Ag l cht kh
26
147. Cho phn ng ho hc:
H
2
S + 4Cl
2
+ 4H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ 8HCl
Cu no din t ng tnh cht ca cc cht phn ng?
A. H
2
S l cht oxi ho, Cl
2
l cht kh.
B. H
2
S l cht kh, H
2
O l cht oxi ho.
C. Cl
2
l cht oxi ho, H
2
O l cht kh.
D. Cl
2
l cht oxi ho, H
2
S l cht kh
148. un nng mt hn hp bt gm 2,97g Al v 4,08g S trong mi trng kn khng c
khng kh, c sn phm hn hp rn A. Ngm A trong dung dch HCl d, thu c hn
hp kh B.
a) Hy vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng.
b) Xc nh thnh phn nh tnh v khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A.
c) Xc nh thnh phn nh tnh v th tch cc cht trong hn hp kh B iu kin tiu chun
149. Ta c th d on s thay i v khi lng ring, v th tch din ra nh th no
khi gi lu hunh n t (S

) vi ngy nhit phng?


150. Cu hnh electron nguyn t no l ca lu hunh trng thi kch thch?
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3
3d
1
D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6

151. Hn hp kh A gm c O
2
v O
3
, t khi ca hn hp kh A i vi hiro l 19,2.
Hn hp kh B gm c H
2
v CO, t khi ca hn hp kh B i vi hiro l 3,6.
a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo th tch cc kh trong hn hp A v hn hp B.
b) Tnh s mol hn hp kh A cn dng t chy hon ton 1 mol hn hp kh B.
Cc th tch kh c o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut
152. C hn hp kh oxi v ozon. Sau mt thi gian, ozon b phn hu ht, ta c mt
cht kh duy nht c th tch tng thm 2%.Hy xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo th tch
ca hn hp kh ban u. Bit cc th tch kh c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut.
Ozon v hiro peoxit c nhng tnh cht ho hc no ging nhau, khc nhau? Ly th d minh ho.
153. Hy dn ra nhng phn ng ho hc chng minh cho tnh cht ca cc cht sau:
a) Oxi v ozon cng c tnh oxi ho, nhng ozon c tnh oxi ho mnh hn oxi.
b) Nc v hiro peoxit cng c tnh oxi ho, nhng hiro peoxit c tnh oxi ho mnh hn nc
C hai bnh, mt ng kh oxi, mt ng kh ozon. Hy gii thiu thuc th phn bit tng kh
Hiro peoxit c th tham gia nhng phn ng ho hc:
H
2
O
2
+ 2K
2
+ 2KOH (1) H
2
O
2
+ Ag
2
O 2Ag + H
2
O + O
2
(2)
154. Tnh cht ca H
2
O
2
c din t ng nht l:
A. Hiro peoxit ch c tnh oxi ho.
B. Hiro peoxit ch c tnh kh.
C. Hiro peoxit khng c tnh oxi ho, khng c tnh kh.
D. Hiro peoxit va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh
155. t chy hon ton m gam cacbon trong V lt kh oxi (iu kin tiu chun), thu
c hn hp kh A c t khi i vi oxi l 1,25.
a) Hy xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo th tch cc kh c trong hn hp A.
b) Tnh m v V. Bit rng khi dn hn hp kh A vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d to thnh
6g kt ta trng
156. So snh th tch kh oxi thu c (trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut) khi phn
hu hon ton KMnO
4
, KClO
3
, H2O
2
trong cc trng hp sau)
a) Ly cng khi lng cc cht em phn hu.
b) Ly cng lng cc cht em phn hu
157. Thm 3,0g MnO
2
vo 197g hn hp mui KCl v KClO
3
. Trn k v un nng hn
hp n phn ng hon ton, thu c cht rn cn nng 152g. Hy xc nh thnh phn
trm khi lng ca hn hp mui dng
Trnh by nhng phng php iu ch oxi:
a) Trong phng th nghim.
27
b) Trong cng nghip
158. Hy gii thch
a) Cu to ca phn t oxi
b) Oxi l phi kim c tnh oxi ho mnh. Ly th d minh ho.
159. C nhng cu hnh electron sau y:
a) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
;
b) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3
3d
1
;
c) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
3p
3
3d
2
.
Hy cho bit:
Cu hnh electron vit trn l nguyn t ca nguyn t no?
Cu hnh electron no trng thi c bn? Cu hnh electron no trng thi kch thch?
160. Hy gii thch v sao:
a) Trong hp cht cng ho tr vi nhng nguyn t c m in nh hn, cc nguyn t trong
nhm oxi c s oxi ho l 2?
b) Trong hp cht cng ho tr vi nhng nguyn t c m in ln hn, cc nguyn t nhm oxi
(S, Se, Te) c s oxi ho l +4 v cc i l +6?
161. Hy gii thch v sao:
a) Trong hp cht OF
2
, nguyn t oxi c s oxi ho l +2?
b) Trong hp cht SO
2
, nguyn t lu hunh c s oxi ho +4?
162. Tnh cht no sau y khng ng vi nhm oxi (nhm VI A)?
T nguyn t oxi n nguyn t telu:
A. m in ca nguyn t gim dn.
B. Bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
C. Tnh bn ca hp cht vi hiro tng dn.
D. Tnh axit ca hp cht hiroxit gim dn.
163. Hy ghp cu hnh electron trng thi c bn vi nguyn t thch hp.
Cu hnh electron Nguyn t
A. [Ne] 3s
2
3p
4
a. O
B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4
b. Te
C. [Kr] 4d
10
5s
2
5p
4
c. Se
D. [Ar] 3d
10
4s
2
4p
4
d. S
Bi tp v cn bng v s chuyn dch cn bng
Dng 1: T c ph n ng
Bi 1 : Trong CN ngi ta iu ch NH
3
theo phng trnh ho hc:
) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (
3 2 2
k NH k H k N +
. khi tng nng H
2
ln hai ln (gi nguyn nng ca N
2
v nhit
phn ng) th tc phn ng tng ln bao nhiu ln?
28
A. 2 ln B. 4 ln C. 8 ln D. 16ln
H ng d n : gi s ban u [N
2
] = a M. [H
2
] = bM
tc p ban u c tnh bng CT. v
1
= k[N
2
][H
2
]
3
= k.a.b
3

- - - - sau - - - - - - - - CT: v
2
= k[N
2
][H
2
]
3
= k.a.(2b)
3
=> v
2
= 8 v
1.
. Chn p n C
Bi 2 : Khi nhit tng thm 10
0
c, tc phn ng ho hc tng thm 2 ln. Hi tc phn ng
s tng ln bao nhiu ln khi nng nhit t 25
0
c ln 75
0
?
( 2 c gi l h s nhit ).
A. 32 ln B. 4 ln C. 8 ln D. 16ln
H ng d n : 10
1 2
1 2
2
t t
v v

=v
1
. 2
5
=32 v
1
. p n A
Bi 3: Khi nhit tng thm 10
0
c, tc phn ng ho hc tng thm 3 ln. tc phn ng
(ang tin hnh 30
o
c) tng ln 81 ln th cn thc hit nhit no?
A. 40
o
c B. 50
0
c C. 60
0
c D. 70
0
c
H ng d n : 10
30 2
1
10
1 2
3 3
1 2


t t t
v v v

= 81v
1
= 3
4
v
1
=> 70 4
10
30
2
2

t
t
p n D
Bi 4: Khi nhit tng thm 10
0
c, tc phn ng ho hc tng thm 4 ln. Hi tc phn ng
s gim i bao nhiu ln nhit khi nhit gim t 70
0
c xung 40 ln?
A. 32 ln B. 64 ln C. 8 ln D. 16ln
H ng d n : 10
40 70
1
10
1 2
4 4
1 2

v v v
t t

= 4
3
v
1
= V
1
.64 p n B
Bi 5: Khi nhit tng thm 50
0
c th tc phn ng ho hc tng ln 1024 ln. Hi gi tr h s
nhit ca tc phn ngutreen l?
A. 2 B. 2,5 C. 3 D. 4
H ng d n :
5
1
10
1 2
1 2
a v a v v
t t


= 1024v
1
= V
1
.4
5
p n D
Bi 6: Trong cc phn ng sau y, nu lng Fe trong cc cp u c lybng nhau th cp no
c tc phn ng ln nht?
M ddHCl Fe A 1 , 0 . +

M ddHCl Fe B 2 , 0 . +
M ddHCl Fe C 3 , 0 . +

) / 2 , 1 ( %, 20 ml g d ddHCl Fe D +
H ng d n : p n D.
Gi s v = 100 ml trong dd HCl 20%
[ ] 76 , 6 676 , 0
5 , 35 . 100
20 . 2 , 1 . 100
HCl n
HCl
Bi 7: Cho phng trnh A(k) + 2B (k) C (k) + D(k)
Tc phn ng c tnh bng cng thc [ ] [ ]
2
. B A k v H tc phn ng tng ln bao nhiu ln
nu
a. Nng ca B tng ln 3 ln, nng ca A khng i (tng 9 ln)
b. p sut ca h tng 2 ln (tng 8 ln)
Bi 8: ho tan mt tm Zn trong dd HCl 20
0
c th cn 27 pht, cng tm Zn tan ht trong
dd HCl ni trn 40
0
c trong 3 pht. Hi ho tan ht Tm Zn trong dd HCl trn 55
0
c th cn
bao nhiu thi gian?
A. 60 s B. 34,64 s C. 20 s D. 40 s
H ng d n : p n B.
Khi nhit tng 40 20 = 20
0
c th thi gian phn ng gim 27:3 = 9 ln. Vy tc phn ng
tng 9 ln. => khi tng 10
0
c th tc phn ng tng 3 ln.
Khi tng thm 55
0
c th tc phn ng tng 5 , 3
10
20 55
3 3

. Vy thi gian ho tan tm Zn


55
0
c l:
29

5 , 3
3
60 . 27
t
= 34,64 s
Dng 2: H ng s cn b ng
Bi 1: mt nhit nht nh, phn ng thun nghch
) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (
3 2 2
k NH k H k N +
t
trng thi cn bng khi nng ca cc cht nh sau:
[H
2
] = 2,0 mol/lt. [N
2
] = 0,01 mol/lt. [NH
3
] = 0,4 mol/lt.
Tnh hng s cn bng nhit v nng ban u ca N
2
v H
2
.
H ng d n :
[ ]
[ ] [ ]
2
) 2 .( 01 , 0
) 4 , 0 (
.
3
2
3
2 2
2
3

H N
NH
k
[N
2
] = 0,21M. [H
2
] = 2,6M
Bi 2 : Mt phn ng thun nghch
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( k D k C k B k A + +

Ngi ta trn bn cht A, B, C, D. mi cht 1 mol vo bnh kn c th tch v khng i. Khi cn
bng c thit lp, lng cht C trong bnh l 1,5 mol. Hy tm k =?
A. 9. B. 10 C. 12 D. 7
H ng d n :
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
9
5 , 0
) 5 , 1 (
.
2
2

B A
D C
k
Bi 3 : Tnh nng cn bng ca cc cht trong phng trnh:
) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
2 2 2
k H k CO k O H k CO + +
Nu lc u ch c CO v hi nc vi nng [CO] = 0,1M. [H
2
O] = 0,4 M. k = 1
H ng d n :
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
08 , 0 1
) 4 , 0 ).( 1 , 0 (
) (
.
2
2
2 2


x
x x
x
O H CO
H CO
k
Bi 4 : Trong cng nghip NH
3
c sn xut theo phng trnh
) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (
3 2 2
k NH k H k N +

kj H 92
Khi hn hp phn ng ang trng thi cn bng nhng yu t no sau y nh hng n cn
bng phn ng? V nh hng nh th no?
a. Tng nhit b. Tng p sut c. Cho cht xc tc
d. Gim nhit e. Ly NH
3
ra khi h
Bi 5 : Mt bnh kn cha NH
3
0
0
c v 1 atm vi nng 1M. Nung bnh kn n 546
0
c v NH
3
b phn hu theo phng trnh
2 2 2
3 2 H N NH +
Khi phn ng t ti cn bng, p sut trong bnh l 3,3 atm. Th tch bnh khng i. tnh k =?
546
0
c.
30

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