Xac Dinh Phu Tai Tinh Toan 9206

N CUNG CP IN GVHD: TRN TH THANH L
n cung cp in
Thit k cung cp in cho
ta nh 7 tng ( dy D ang
xy dng ca trng CD
CNG THNG TP
HCM)
SVTH : PHAN H LC PHM HONG LONG Page 1

TRNG CAO NG CNG THNG TP HCM CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
KHOA IN-IN T c lp T do Hnh phc
NHIM V TI
I. THI GIAN : Ngy nhn ti : 11.11.2010
Ngy np : 18.12.2010
Ngy bo v : t 26.12.2010 n 03.01.2011
II. GVHD: c TRN TH THANH L.
III SVTH: PHAN H LC PHM HONG LONG
IV TN TI : Thit k cung cp in cho ta nh 7 tng
( dy D ang xy dng ca trng CD CNG THNG TP
HCM) .
V . NI DUNG TI :
TNH TON GM CC BC :
1. Thit k chiu sng cho tng phng theo chc
2. Nng lp phng n ti mi
3.Tnh ph ti tnh ton ton cng trnh
4. Thit k mng h p
5. Tnh tip a cho ta nh .
CC BN V:
1.bn v mt bng b tr trang thit b
2.s i dy
3. s nguyn l.
VI TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Hng dn n mn hc thit k cung cp in (tc gi
Phan Th Thanh Bnh Dng Lan Phng Phan Th
Thu Vn ) NXB DHQG TP HCM
2. Giao1 trnh cung cp in ( Nguyn Khoa ng Khnh )
3. hng dn thit k lp t in theo quc t IEC NXB
KHOA HC K THUT
4. Gio trnh cad trong k thut in ( Quyn Huy nh )
NXB DHQG

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN
Tp. H Ch Minh , ngy .., thng..., nm 20

MC LC
NHN XT CA GIO VIN DUYT

Tp. H Ch Minh , ngy .., thng..., nm 20

LI NI U

Cung cp in l mt ngnh kh quang trng trong x hi loi ngi , cng nh trong qu
trnh pht trin nhanh ca nn khoa hc k thut nc ta trn con ng cng nghip ha
hin i ha ca t nc . v th , vic thit k v cung cp in l mt vn ht sc
quang trng v khng th thiu i vi ngnh in ni chung v mi sinh vin v ang
hc tp , nghin cu v lnh vc ni ring .
Trong nhng nm gn y , nc ta t c nhng thnh tu to ln trong pht trin
kinh t x hi . s lng cc nh my cng nghip , cc hot ng thng mi , dch v,
gia tng nhanh chng , dn n sn lng in sn xut v tiu dng ca nc ta tng
ln ng k v d bo l s tip tc tng nhanh trong nhng nm ti . do m hin nay
chng ta ang rt cn i ng nhng ngi am hiu v in lm cng tc thit k cng
nh vn hnh , ci to sa cha li in ni chung trong c khu thit k cung cp
in l quang trng .
Nhm gip sing vin cng c kin thc hc trng vo vic thit k c th . nay em
c mn n cung cp in giao cho nhim v l thit k cung cp in cho ta nh
7 tng .
Tuy chng em thc n ny di s hng dn tn tnh ca c Trn Th Thanh L ,
v cc bn trong lp nhng do trnh kin thc cn nhiu hn ch , nn c i phn
thiu st . Chng em rt mong s ng gp kin , ph bnh v sa cha t qu thy c
v cc bn sinh vin n ny hon thin hn .
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n !
GII THIU V H THNG CUNG CP IN

1. NGHA CA NGHIM V THIT K CUNG CP IN
Nng lng in hay cn gi l in nng , hin nay l mt dng nng lng rt ph bin
v quang trng i vi th gii ni chung v c nc ni ring . in nng sn xut t cc
nh my c truyn ti v cung cp cho cc h tiu th . trong vic truyn ti in i
cc h tiu th vic thit k cung cp in l mt khu rt quang trng . vi thi i hin
nay , nn kinh t nc ta ang pht trin mnh m theo s hi nhp ca th gii , i
sng x hi ca nhn dn c nng cao , nn cn nhng tin nghi trong cuc sng nn
i hi mc tiu th v in cng tng cao . do vic thit k cung cp in khng th
thiu c trong xu th hin nay .
Nh vy mt n thit k cubg cp in cn tha mn cc yu cu sau ;
tin cy cp in : mc tin cy cung cp in ph thuc vo yu cu ca
ph ti . vi cng trnh quang trng cp quc gia phi m bo lien tc cp in
mc cao nht . nhng di tng nh nh my , x ngip , ta nh cao tng
.tt nht l dng my pht in d phng khi mt in s dng my pht .
Cht lng in : c nh gi qua hai tiu ch tiu tn s v in p , in p
trung v h ch cho php trong khong t 5% do thit k m nhim . cn ch tiu
tn s do c quang in lc quc gia iu chnh .
An ton in : cng trnh cp in phi c tnh an ton cao cho ngi vn hnh ,
ngi s dng thit b v cho ton b cng trnh .
Kinh t : trong qu trnh thit k ta phi da ra nhiu phng n ri chn lc
trong cc phng n c hiu qu kinh t cao.
2. S LC V CNG TRNH TNH TON ( DY D)
Dy D c kch thc : chiu di 44m ; chiu rng l 32m .
Gm 7 tng lu v mt tng trt , mi tng c chiu cao l 4,5 m.
T tng 1 n tng 4 mi tng u c 6 phng hc c sc cha 70 ch v 1 ging
ng 200 ch . Tng 5 , 6 c 5 phng hc 70 ch , 1 ging ng 300 ch . Ring
tng 7 l hi trng .
Kch thc cc phng nh sau:
-Phng 70 ch : di 12m rng 8m
-Ging ng 200 ch : c chiu di l 16m chiu rng l 12m
-Ging dng 300 ch c chiu di l 24m chiu rng l 12m
- Hi trng c din tch l di l 32 chiu rng l 27m
Cc phng hc , ging ng c trang b cc thit b in nh : n hunh quang,
qut trn , my chiu , loa-m li, cm in, cm m thanh , ptomat..
.Hi trng dnh cho hi hp vn ngh c cc thit b gm : h thng my iu
ha , qut cng nghip , h thng chiu sng , m thanh sn khu..
Tng trt : cc phng hnh chnh c cc ti in nh : my tnh , my in ,my fax,
my photo , my lnh ....v mt s thit b th gin . ngoi ra tng trt cn c 4
yhang my , 2 ng c bm nc cha chy . Tt c s dc tnh ton chi tit cho
phn sau.

CHNG I : TNH TON CHIU SNG CHO DY NH D
THEO TNG PHNG CHC NNG
1. TNH CHT CA VIC THIT K , LP T
Khi thit k chiu sng cho phng hc , ging ng , v cc phng hnh chnh ngoi
nh sng t nhin cn phi c nh sng n v yu cu cu t ra cho ngi thit k :
m bo ri y trn b mt lm vic .
phi c s tng phn gia cc mt cn chiu sng v nn , mc chiu sng v s
tphp quang ph chiu sng .
ri phn b ng u , n nh trong qu trnh chiu sng trn phm vi b mt
lmvic bng cch hn ch dao ng ca li in
Tp hp quang ph nh sng , nht l lc cn m bo s truyn sng tt nht
hn ch s la mt , hn ch s mt mi khi lm vic, hc tp
Hn ch s phn x chi ca ngun sng bng cch dng nh sng phn x , chn
cch b tr n , chiu cao treo n sao cho ph hp vi v tr a hnh.
2.TRNH T TNH TON CHIU SNG
2.1.Nghin cu v i tng chiu sng : c nghin cu theo nhiu gc :
- Hnh dng ,kch thc , cc b mt , cc h s phn x , c im phn b cc d
c , thit b
- Mc d bi , m , rung nh hng ca mi trng .
- Cc iu kin v kh nng phn b v gii hn.
- c tnh cung cp in ( ngun 3 pha, 1 pha..).
- Loi cng vic tin hnh
- cng thng cng vic
- La tui ngi s dng
- Cc kh nng v iu kin bo tr .
2.2.La chn ri yu cu
ri l sng trn b mt c chiu sng . ri dc chn phi m bo
nhn mi chi tit cn tht m mt nhn khng mt mi. theo Lin X ( c ) ri tiu
chun v l ri nh nht ti mt im trn b mt lm vic. Cn theo Php , M
ri tiu chun l ri trung bnh trn b mt lm vic .
cc gi tr ri tiu chun trong thang ri :
0.2;0.3;0.5;1;2;3;5;7;10;20;30;50;75;100;150;200;300;400;500;600;750;1000;1250;2
000;2500;3000;3500;4000;4500;5000 lux.
Khi la chn gi tr ri phi da trn thang ri , khng c chn gi tr
ngoi thang ri . v d chn E=200lx hoc E=300lx khng c chn E= 250 lx.
Vic chn ri ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:
Loi cng vic , kch thc cc vt , s sai bit ca vt v hu cnh
Mc cng thng ca cng vic
La tui ngi s dng
H chiu sng , loi ngun sng la chn
2.3. Chn h sng : gm hai h sng
H 1 : vi h chiu sng chung , khng nhng b mt lm vic c m tt c mi
ni trong phng c chiu sng . trong trng hp ny n c phn b pha trn
vi cao cch sn tng i . trong h chiu sng ny c hai phng thc t n
chung v v khu vc .
Trong h chiu sng chung u : khong cch t cc n trong mt dy c t
cch u nhau , m bo cc iu kin chiu sng mi ni nh nhau.
Trong h chiu sng khu vc : khi cn phi thm nhng phn chiu sng m nhng
phn ny chim din tch kh ln , ti ch lm vic khng s dng cc n chiu sng
ti ch . cc n dc chn t theo s la chn h chiu sng :
- yu cu ca i tng chiu sng
- c im ,cu trc cn nh v s phn b thit b
- kh nng kinh t , diu kin bo tr
2. 4.Chn ngun sng ;
Chn ngun sng ph thuc vo
- Nhit mu ca ngun sng theo biu Kruithof
- Cc tnh nng ca ngun sng ; c tnh nh sng , mu sc tui th n
- Mc s dng ( lien tc hay gin on ) ; nhit mi trng ; kinh t
chn nhit mu
m
T
: biu Kruithof ( bng 3 ph lc) cho php la chn bng
n theo ri yu cu trong mi trng tin nghi.. .
chn ch s mu
a
R
:chiu cc n khc nhau ln cng mt vt , ta s thy vt c
mu khc nhau. S bin i ny do pht x ph khc nhau ca cc bng n , c
nh gi qua sai lch mu v gn cho mt ch s mu
a
R
. Vi cc cc n c :

a
R
<50; cc mu ca vt b chiu hon ton thay i .

a
R
<70: s dng trong cng nghip khi s th hin mu th yu
70<
a
R
< 80 : s dng ni thng thng , s th hin mu c th chp nhn
c

a
R
>80 : s dng ni i hi s th hin mu quang trng

2. 5. Chn b n: vic la chn b n da trn :

- Tnh cht mi trng xung quanh
- Cc yu cu v s phn b nh sng , s gim chi
- Cc cp b n c phn chia theo tiu chun IEC

2.6. La chn chiu cao treo n :
Ty theo c im i tng : loi cng vic , loi bong n, s gim chi , b mt lm
vic
Ta c th phn b cc n st trn (h=0) hoc cch trn mt khong h. chiu cao b
mt lm vic c th trn cao0.8m so vi mt sn ( mt bn) hoc ngay trn sn ty
theo cng vic . khi cao treo n so vi b mt lm vic :

tt
h
H-h-0.8.
Ta cn ch rng chiu cao
tt
h
i vi n hunh quang khng vt qu 4m . nu khng
sng trn b mt lm vic s khng . Cn i vi cc n thy ngn cao p , n
halogen kim loi .nn treo trn cao t 5m tr ln trnh chi .
2.7. Xc nh cc thng s k thut chiu sng
Tnh ch s a im: dc trung cho kch thc hnh hc:
K=
) (ab h
ab
tt
;
trong a ,b l chiu di , chiu rng ca cn phng ;
tt
h
l chiu cao h tnh ton .
Tnh h s b: c th chn gi tr h s b theo bng 7 ( ti liu 1/37) .ph
lc ty thuc vo loi bong n v mc bi ca mi trng hoc tnh
theo cng thc D=
2 1
1

.
Chn h s suy gim quang thng
1
ty theo loi bng n.

Chn h s suy gim quang thng do bi bn
2
; ty theo mc bi bn
, loi k hu , mc kn ca b n
Tnh t s treo: j=
tt
h h
h
+ '
'
Vi h l chiu cao t mt n n trn
Xc nh h s s dng :
- Da trn cc thng s ; loi b n , t s treo , ch s a im, h s phn x
trn tng , sn
- Trong trng hp loi b n khng c bn cc gi tr h s s dng , th ta xc
nh cp ca b n , ri tra gi tr c ch trong bng 7.1 ph lc t xc nh
h s s dng U
U=
i i d d
u u +
Trong :
i d
,
: l hiu sut trc tip v gin tip ca b n

i d
u u ,
: l h s c ch ng vi nhm trc tip v gin tip
V d : cho b n Aresa 202 cp b n 0,58H +0,31T .Gi s vi ch s a im K
=1.5 h s phn x trn tng sn ln lt l 0,7;0,5;0,3 . T s treo j=0 , ta tra bng
h s c ch b n cp H :
7 , 0
d
u
b n cp T :
i
u
0,54 . Khi h s s dng
s l: U=
57 , 0 54 , 0 . 31 , 0 7 , 0 . 58 , 0 + +
d i d d
u u

2.8. Xc nh quang thng tng yu cu :
U
Sd E
tc
tng

Trong :
Kch thc phng ;
tc
E
l ri la chn theo tiu chun ( lux) , S l din tch b mt lm
vic ( )
2
m
d: h s b ;
tng
l quang thng tng ca cc b n

2.9. Xc nh s b n
S b n c xc nh bng cch chia quang thng tng ca cc b n cho
quang thng ca cc bng
Trong mt b n . ty thuc vo s b n tnh c ta c th lm trn ln hn hoc
nh hn tin phn chia cc dy ( lm trn khng c php vt qu 10%-20%. Nu
khng s b n la chn s khng m bo ri yu cu .

6 1 / bo cacbong
tng
b
N

Kim tra sai s quang thng khng vt qu mc (10%-20%)

tng
tng bo cacbong bden
N

1 /
.
%
10) kim tra d ri trung bnh
d S
U N
E
b cacbong den bo
tb
.
. .
/ 6

2.11. Phn b cc b n da trn cc yu t:

Phn b cho ri ng u v trnh chi , c im kin trc di tng , phn
b d c
-Tha mn nhu cu v khong cch ti a gia cc dy v gia cc bng n
trong mt dy: d dng vn hnh v bo tr
Ta phn b cc b n sao cho khong cch tong mt dy l
max doc doc
L L <
. Nu
cc khong cch vt qu mc cho php th phi phn b li .
- Chn khong cch t dy n ngoi cng n tng bng ( 0,3 -0,5).
3. P DNG PHNG PHP TRN TA TNH TON CHIU SNG
CHO PHNG 70 CH.
Chiu di : a = 12 m
Chiu rng: b = 8 m
Chiu cao : c = 4.5m
1) mu sn :
trn : mu trng , tng : mu xanh trng , sn : gch
h s phn x trn tng sn ln lt l : 0,75; 0,45;0,2
2) ri yu cu: ( 200-500lx) dnh cho trng hc (theo ti liu ca Phan Th Bnh
trang 34)
ta chn
tc
E
300 lx
3) chn h chiu sng : chung u
4) chon nhit mu : 3800 2800 ) (
0
K T
m
theo th ng cong Kruithof
5) chn bng n loi :
3800
m
T
c
75
a
R
, cng sut nh mc
dm
P
36 +
ballas
p
36+25%.36=45 W
v c quang thng
2500
d
lm
6) chn b n loi : profil paralamelague , c cp b n l D
c hiu sut : 0,58
chn s n /1 b : 2 ; quang thng cc bng trn 1 b l : 2.2500 lm

tt doc
h L 44 , 1
max

tt ngang
h L 2
max

8) phn b b n : cch trn
'
h =0 m
B mt lm vic:1m

Chiu cao treo n so vi b mt lm vic :
tt
h
3.5m

H =4,5 m
1 m
Chiu cao treo n h=0
Chiu cao mt lm vic
Khong cch t n n
b mt lm vic
9) ch s a im:
K=
37 . 1
) 8 12 ( 5 . 3
8 . 12
) (

+
+ b a h
ab
tt
10) h s b : d=1.25
11) t s treo ; j=
0
5 . 3 0
0
'
'
+
tt
h h
h
12) h s s dng : U=
1 1
u n u n
d d
+
=0.58.0.65=0.3770.4
trong :
58 . 0
d
n
,
65 . 0
d
u
13) quang thng thng : 90000
4 . 0
25 , 1 . 96 . 300

U
Sd E
tc
tng
lx
14) xc nh s b n :
18
2500 . 2
90000
/

b cacbong
tong
bden
N
b
15) kim tra sai s quang thng:
tng
tng bo g tongcacbon b
N

1 /
%
=
0
90000
90000 2 . 2500 . 18
Kt lun: chon 18 b n.
16) kim tra ri trung bnh trn b mt lm vic:
300
25 , 1 . 96
4 , 0 . 2 . 2500 . 18
1 /

Sd
U N
E
bo tng bden
tb
lm
17) Phn b cc b n: da vo cc yu t
Phn b cho ri ng u v trnh chi , c im kin trc di tng ,
phn b d c
Tha mn nhu cu v khong cch ti a gia cc dy v gia cc bng n trong
mt dy: d dng vn hnh v bo tr
max doc doc
L L <
. Nu cc khong cch vt qu mc cho php th phi phn b li .
Chn khong cch t dy n ngoi cng n tng bng ( 0,3 -0,5)
s b tr :

4 P DNG PHNG PHP TRN TA TNH TON CHIU SNG
CHO PHNG 200 CH.
chiu di : a = 16 m
chiu rng: b = 12 m
chiu cao : c = 4.5m
7) mu sn :
trang 34)
ta chn
tc
E
300 lx
10) chon nhit mu : 3800 2800 ) (
0
K T
m
11) chn bng n loi :
3800
m
T
c
75
a
R
, cng sut nh mc
dm
P
36 +
ballas
p
36+25%.36=45 W
v c quang thng
2500
d
lm
c hiu sut : 0,58

tt doc
h L 44 , 1
max

tt ngang
h L 2
max

'
h =0 m
B mt lm vic:1m

tt
h
3.5m

H =4,5 m
1 m
Chiu cao treo n h=0
Chiu cao mt lm vic
Khong cch t n n
b mt lm vic
9) ch s a im:
K=
96 , 1
) 12 16 ( 5 . 3
12 . 16
) (

+
+ b a h
ab
tt
13) h s b : d=1.25
14) t s treo ; j=
0
5 . 3 0
0
'
'
+
tt
h h
h
15) h s s dng : U=
1 1
u n u n
d d
+
=0.58.0.65=0.3770.4
trong :
58 . 0
d
n
,
65 . 0
d
u
4 . 0
25 , 1 . 192 . 300

U
Sd E
tc
tng
lx
14) xc nh s b n :
36
2500 . 2
180000
/

b cacbong
tong
bden
N
b
tng
N

1 /
%
=
0
180000
180000 2 . 2500 . 36

300
25 , 1 . 192
4 , 0 . 2 . 2500 . 36
1 /

Sd
U N
E
bo tng bden
tb
lm

b d c
max doc doc
L L <
. Nu
-Chn khong cch t dy n ngoi cng n tng bng ( 0,3 -0,5)
18). S b tr cc b n phn sau:

5.P DNG PHNG PHP TRN TA TNH TON CHIU SNG
CHO PHNG 300 CH.
Chiu di : a = 24 m
Chiu rng: b = 12 m
Chiu cao : c = 4.5m
13) mu sn :
trang 34)
ta chn
tc
E
300 lx
16) chon nhit mu : 3800 2800 ) (
0
K T
m
17) chn bng n loi :
3800
m
T
c
75
a
R
, cng sut nh mc
dm
P
36 +
ballas
p
36+25%.36=45 W
v c quang thng
2500
d
lm
c hiu sut : 0,58

tt doc
h L 44 , 1
max

tt ngang
h L 2
max

'
h =0 m
B mt lm vic:1m

tt
h
3.5m

H =4,5 m
1 m
Chiu cao treo n h=0
Chiu cao mt lm vic
Khong cch t n n
b mt lm vic
9) ch s a im:
K=
28 , 2
) 12 24 ( 5 . 3
12 . 24
) (

+
+ b a h
ab
tt
16) h s b : d=1.25
17) t s treo ; j=
0
5 . 3 0
0
'
'
+
tt
h h
h
18) h s s dng : U=
1 1
u n u n
d d
+
=0.58.0.65=0.3770.4
trong :
58 . 0
d
n
,
65 . 0
d
u
4 . 0
25 , 1 . 288 . 300

U
Sd E
tc
tng
lx
14) xc nh s b n :
54
2500 . 2
270000
/

b cacbong
tong
bden
N
b

tng
N

1 /
%
= 0
270000
9270000 2 . 2500 . 54

300
25 , 1 . 288
4 , 0 . 2 . 2500 . 54
1 /

Sd
U N
E
bo tng bden
tb
lm
b d c
max doc doc
L L <
. Nu
- Chn khong cch t dy n ngoi cng n tng bng ( 0,3 -0,5)
18) S b tr cc b n thc hin mt sau
6 . TNH TON CHIU SNG CHO CC PHNG TNG TRT
6.1. tnh s b n cho phng t chc hnh chnh v phng o to do
cng kch thc phng .
Cc thng s : chiu di a=13,5 m ;
Chiu rng b=12 m;
Chiu cao h= 4,5 m;
T cc thng s trn ta tnh c din tch phng S=a.b=13,5.12=162
2
m
m h H h
tt
5 , 3 1 5 , 4 '
Ch s a im K=
8 , 1
) 12 . 5 , 13 ( 5 , 3
12 . 5 , 13
) . (
.

b a h
b a
tt
H s s dng : U=0,4
Quang thng tng:

U
d S E
tc
tng
. .
151785
4 , 0
25 , 1 . 162 . 300
ln
S b n :
375 , 30
2500 . 2
151875
/

b ccbong
tng
b
N
b
cho ph hp cho vic b tr n ta chn s b n l 32 b.
6.2. tnh s b n cho 4 phng (qun tr thit b , ti chnh k ton , qun
l khoa hc v cng ngh , o to thng xuyn)
Do 4 phng u c cng cc thng s nn ta ch tnh cho mt phng
chiu di a= 6,75 m ;
Chiu rng b=12 m;
Chiu cao h=4,5 m
T cc thng s trn ta tnh c din tch phng S=a.b=6,75.12=81
2
m
m h H h
tt
5 , 3 1 5 , 4 '
Ch s a im K=
2 , 1
) 12 . 75 , 6 ( 5 , 3
12 . 75 , 6
) . (
.

b a h
b a
tt
H s s dng : U=0,4
Quang thng tng:

U
d S E
tc
tng
. .
5 , 75937
4 , 0
25 , 1 . 81 . 300
ln
S b n :
1875 , 15
2500 . 2
5 , 75937
/

b ccbong
tng
b
N
b
cho ph hp b tr ta chn 16 b n
Vy 4 phng c cng kch thc cng b tr 16 b n.
6.3.tnh chiu sng cho phng cng tc hc sinh sinh vin:
Kch thc ca phng l : chiu di a= 5 m ;
Chiu rng b=12 m;
Chiu cao h=4,5 m;
T cc thng s trn ta tnh c din tch phng S=a.b=5.12=60
2
m
m h H h
tt
5 , 3 1 5 , 4 '
Ch s a im K=
1
) 12 5 ( 5 , 3
12 . 5
) . (
.
b a h
b a
tt
H s s dng : U=0,4
Quang thng tng:

U
d S E
tc
tng
. .
56250
4 , 0
25 , 1 . 60 . 300
ln
S b n :
25 , 11
2500 . 2
56250
/

b ccbong
tng
b
N
b
7.TNH TON CHIU SNG CHO HI TRNG
7.1 c im ca vic thit k chiu sng hi trng
. Hi trng l ni din ra hot ng vn ha , vn ngh v nhng hi ngh cn
thit b ch cho tt c cc on th , cc cn b trong trng v sinh vin. V vy vic
chiu sng rt cn thit m bo sng cho hi trng . Mc ch ca thit k chiu
sng l a ra mt nh sng hp l m bo cc ch tiu k thut p ng nhu cu tin
nghi nh sng , v thm m trong khn gian thit k . Ni dung chiu sng y l ta
a ra cp v s lng b n, da ra quang thng tng cn cp v chn loi bng
n . p ng nhu cu cht lng v cng nh vic b tr cc n cho ph vi tiu
chun sng v yu t thm m cng quang trng.
7.2 trnh t tnh ton chiu sng
1. kch thc
Chiu di a=32 m
Chiu rng b=32 m
Chiu cao H=9 m
Din tch tnh ton : S=32.32=1024
2
m
2. c im mu sn
-Trn : nha sm trng
-Tng : 3 tng knh ;1 tng xanh trng
Sn gch
-Chn h s phn x ca trn tng sn l:
Trn:0,7
-Tng knh 0,1 : tng xanh :0,45
Sn 0,2
H s phn x trung bnh ca tng :
375 , 0
9 . 32 9 . 32
9 . 32 . 45 , 0 9 . 32 . 3 . 1 , 0
+
+
tg
p 0,4
Vy h s phn x trn , tng , sn ln lt l :0,7:0,4:0,2
3. d ri yu cu
300
tc
E
lx
4. chn kiu chiu sng v cp b n
Kiu chiu sng cn c la chn pju2 hp vi cc hot ng thng thng din
ra trong phng . thng cco1 cc khng gian hot ng thng thng : vn phng
,phng hc , siu th th chn cc phng n kiu trc tip hoc bn gin tip. cc
khng gian sinh hot t dinh , khu vui chi gii tr , tip khch thng chn kiu
chiu sng hn hp hoc gin tip
-Kiu chiu sng trc tip tng cng : dng cho nhng ni c chiu cao tng i
ln , ri yu cu cao, hoc l chiu sng cc b . khi tng v khng gian xung
quanh s ti . kiu chiu sng rng trc tip v bn trc tip , thng to c khng
gian c tin ch tt , c mt phng lm vic v tng u c chiu sng theo mt t
l thch hp . thng ng dng cho chiu sng chung v cc hot ng thng thng
-Vi hi trng l ni din ra cc hot ng vn ha , ngh thut v cc bui hc
chnhh tr ca sinh vin v cc cuc hi ngh , hi tho thng xuyn din ra th ta
chn kiu chiu sng rng trc tip v bn gin tip .
5. chn loi n ph thuc vo cc yu t ;
- ri ph hp vi yu cu nhit mu ca n theo biu Kruithof
- Ch s mu phi dp ng dc yu cu v cht lng nh sng cho cng vic din ra
trong phng
- Tnh kinh k : hiu sut pht quang.
-Thi gian khi ng, hiu ng nhp nhy , c bit l cho nhng ng dng chiu
sng d phng nhng ni cng cng hoc chiu sng cho nhng ni quan st
chuyn ng.
C mt s loi n thng dng
- n hunh quang ; nh hiu sut pht quang cao, ch s hon mu t tiu chun,
nn n c ng dng rng ri nht trong chiu sng ni tht
- n ri t c hiu sut pht quang thp , tui th thp nhng cht lng nh
sng cao( ch s hon mu cao ) c ng dng ni c ri thp , hoc c s
dng trong chiu sng cc b : n bn , n cng c , n trang tr
do d ta chn loai :
m
T
=3000k

d a
p R 85
; P= 36 ( W) ;

d
3450 (lm)
Chn n loi areas cng sut 36 W , cp hiu sut 0,58H+0,31T, dnh
cho phng th nghim , phn xng (theo ti tai2 trang36 ). n ares c cc thng s
sau : cp b n : H/T ,
tt doc
h L 6 , 1
max

;
tt ngang
h L 85 , 1
max

Quang thng cc bng trong mt b ; 4.3450=13800lm
6.phn b cc b n : cch trn h=0 m ; b mt lm vic :1m
Chiu cao treo n so vi b mt lm vic: 8 m
7. ch s a im:

K
2
) 32 32 ( 8
32 . 32
) (

+
+ b a h
ab
tt
8. h s b : d=1,25
9.t s treo :j=
0
'
'
+
tt
h h
h
10.chn h s s dng U=
57 , 0 54 , 0 . 31 , 0 7 , 0 . 58 , 0 . + +
i i d d
U U

Trong ta tra bng h s s dng ca b n cp H:
7 , 0
d
U
,
b n cp D:
54 , 0
i
U
11. quang thng tng :
2 , 1185185
54 , 0
25 , 1 . 1024 . 500 .

U
Sd E
tc
tng
lx
12. xc nh s b n:
6 , 85
3450 . 4
2 , 1185185
/

b cacbong
tng
en
N
chn 86 b n
13.kim tra sai s quang thng
0013 , 0
2 , 1185185
2 , 1185185 3450 . 4 . 86
%
/ .

tng
tng b cacbong boden
N
14.kim tra sai s quang thng
500
25 , 1 . 1024
57 , 0 . 3450 . 4 . 86
.
. .
/

d S
U N
E
bo cacbong boden
tc
lx
15. phn b b n : d cho vic lp dt ta chn 88 b n v c phn b nh sau:
chiu dc 11b n , chiu ngang 8 b n chiu di dn l 0,8m
Chiu dc cch tng l 1m cc n cch nhau l 2m, khong cch chiu ngang l 3,5 m
8.TNH TON CHIU SNG CHO HNH LANG
cc tng c cng din tch hnh lang nh nhau v vy ta ch tnh chiu sng cho mt tng
8.1chiu sng tng 1
Do hnh lang c chia thnh nhiu khu vc nh
1. khu vc
Chiu di : a = 32 m
Chiu rng: b = 3,2 m
Chiu cao : c = 4.5m

Din tch S=102,4

2
m
-Mu sn :
Trn : mu trng , tng : mu xanh trng , sn : gch
H s phn x trn tng sn ln lt l : 0,75; 0,45;0,2
- ri yu cu:
tc
E
150 lx
-chn h chiu sng : chung u
-chon nhit mu : 2700 ) (
0
K T
m
-chn bng n loi compact :
4000
m
T
c
85
a
R
, cng sut nh mc
dm
P
18
W
v c quang thng
1300
d
lm
chn s n /1 b : 1 ; quang thng cc bng trn 1 b l : 1300 lm

'
h =0 m
B mt lm vic:0,8m

tt
h
3.7m

9) ch s a im
10) Ch s a im K=
78 , 0
) 2 , 3 32 ( 7 , 3
2 , 3 . 32
) . (
.
b a h
b a
tt
11) H s s dng : U=0,71
12) H s b d=1,25
19) t s treo ; j=
0
7 . 3 0
0
'
'
+
tt
h h
h
Quang thng tng:

U
d S E
tc
tng
. .
25 , 27042
71 , 0
25 , 1 . 4 , 102 . 150
ln
S b n :
20
1300
25 , 27042
/

b ccbong
tng
b
N
b
Kim tra sai s quang thng:
tng
tng bo cacbong bden
N

1 /
.
%
=
95 , 0 % 100 .
25 , 27042
25 , 27042 1300 . 21
Kim tra d ri trung bnh

d S
U N
E
b cacbong den bo
tb
.
. .
/ 6

=
43 , 151
25 , 1 . 2 , 3 . 32
71 , 0 . 1300 . 21
lx
Vy s n cn b tr l 21 n
8.2 tnh ton chiu sng cho khu vc 2
C kch thc nh sau :
Chiu di : a = 44 m
Chiu rng: b = 2,4 m
Chiu cao : c = 4.5m
din tch :S=105,6
2
m
Quang thng tng:

U
d S E
tc
tng
. .
3 , 27887
71 , 0
25 , 1 . 6 , 105 . 150
ln
S b n :
22
1300
3 , 27887
/

b ccbong
tng
b
N
b
Kim tra sai s quang thng:
tng
tng bo cacbong bden
N

1 /
.
%
=
5 , 2 % 100 .
3 , 27887
3 , 27887 1300 . 22
Kim tra d ri trung bnh

d S
U N
E
b cacbong den bo
tb
.
. .
/ 6

=
8 , 153
25 , 1 . 6 , 105
71 , 0 . 1300 . 22
lx
S n b tr khu vc ny l 22 n
8.3 tnh ton chiu sang cho khu vc 3-4

Do khu vc 3-4 c cng kch thc nn ta ch tnh cho khu vc 3
Chiu di : a = 30m
Chiu rng: b = 2,8 m
Chiu cao : c = 4.5m
din tch :S=84
2
m
quang thng tng

U
d S E
tc
tng
. .
1 , 22183
71 , 0
25 , 1 . 84 . 150
ln
S b n
17
1300
1 , 22183
/

b ccbong
tng
b
N
b
Chn 17 n
Vy tng s b n sau khi tnh ton cho hnh lang l :
b
N
21+22+17+17=76
b
S n/1b l 1 n nh vy c 76 n
S n ca 6 tng du bng nhau v mi tng u c 76 n
Ring tng 7(hi trng ) ch c hai hnh lang ( 3-4 ) nn s n ca tng ny l 35 n
KT LUN: Sau khi tnh ton ta c kt qu :
Phng 70 ch: 18 b n (s n /1 b l 2 n)
Phng 200 ch: 36 b n (s n /1 b l 2 n)
Phng 300 ch: 54 b n (s n /1 b l 2 n)
Phng t chc hnh chnh : 32 b n (s n /1 b l 2 n)
Phng o to : 32 b n (s n /1 b l 2 n)
Phng qung tr thit b : 16 b n (s n /1 b l 2 n)
Phng ti chnh k ton : 16 b n (s n /1 b l 2 n)
Phng cng tc hc sinh sinh vin : 12 b n (s n /1 b l 2 n)
Phng qun l khoa hc v cng ngh : 16 b n (s n /1 b l 2 n)
Phng o to thng xuyn : 16 b n (s n /1 b l 2 n)
Hi trng; 88 b n (s n /1 b l 4 n)
- S n chiu sng hnh lang tng trt : 76 n
-S n chiu sng hnh lang tng 1: 76 n
CHNG II : THIT LP PHNG N TI MI CHO
DY NH D
1.1 LP PHNG N TI MI CHO CC PHNG CHC NNG
TNG TRT
Gm 7 phng hnh chnh
1.1.1 Phng t chc hnh chnh
Phng c kch thc sau: a=13,5 m ; b=12 m ; h=4,5 m
cc thit b in trong phng
Sau khi c cc s liu thit b do khch hng cung cp ta c bng tn cc thit b cn
dng , thit b chiu sng c tnh ton phn tnh ton chiu sng ta lp c bng
sau:
Tn thit b S lng Tn thit b S lng
n ( b) 32 My fax 1
Qut trn 4 My photo 1
My tnh 6 CB
My lnh 1 Hp s qut
My in 1 cm
1.1.2 Phng o to :
cc thit b in trong phng
sau:
n ( b) 32 My fax 1
My tnh 9 CB
My lnh 1 Hp s qut
My in 1 cm

1.1.3 Phng qun tr thit b
Phng c kch thc sau: a=6,75m ; b=12 m ; h=4,5 m
Cc thit b in trong phng
sau khi c cc s liu thit b do khch hng cung cp ta c bng tn cc thit b cn dng
, thit b chiu sng c tnh ton phn tnh ton chiu sng ta lp c bng sau:
n ( b) 16 My fax 1
My tnh 4 CB
My lnh 1 Hp s qut
My in 1 cm

1.1.4 Phng ti chnh k ton
Cc thit b in trong phng :
sau:
n ( b) 16 My fax 1
My tnh 6 CB
My lnh 1 Hp s qut
My in 1 cm

1.15 Phng cng tc hc sinh sinh vin
Phng c kch thc sau: a=5 m ; b=12 m ; h=4,5 m
Cc thit b in trong phng :
sau:
n ( b) 12 My fax 1
My tnh 6 CB
My lnh 1 Hp s qut
My in 1 cm
1.1.6 Phng o to gio duc thng xuyn
sau, cc thit b in trong phng :
n ( b) 16 My fax 1
My tnh 6 CB
My lnh 1 Hp s qut
My in 1 cm
1.1.7 Phng qun l khoa hc cng ngh

sau:
n ( b) 16 My fax 1
My tnh 4 CB
My lnh 1 Hp s qut
My in 1 cm

2. LP PHNG N TI MI CHO PHNG HC 70 CH
Kch thc phng nh sau a=12 m; b=8 m ; h=4,5m
Sau khi c cc s liu t tnh ton chiu sng ta c c kt qu sau:
stt Tn thit b S lng
1 n hunh quang 18
2 Qut trn 6
3 m li 1
4 loa 2
5 My chiu 1
6 cm in 8
7 cm m thanh 1
8 Hp s qut 6
9 CB 6
3. LP PHNG N TI MI CHO GING NG 200 CH
stt Tn thit b S lng
1 n hunh quang 36
2 Qut trn 12
3 m li 1
4 loa 2
5 My chiu 1
6 cm in 8
7 cm m thanh 1
8 Hp s qut 6
9 CB 6
4. LP PHNG N TI MI CHO GING NG 300 CH
stt Tn thit b S lng
1 n hunh quang 54
2 Qut trn 18
3 m li 1
4 loa 2
5 My chiu 1
6 cm in 8
7 cm m thanh 1
8 Hp s qut 6
9 CB 6
5. LP PHNG N TI MI CHO HI TRNG
Sau khi kim tra thng k cc s liu v trang thit b s dng trong phng , cc s liu
ca chiu sng c tnh ton phn tnh ton chiu sng, ta c bng s liu sau:
Stt Tn thit b S lng
1 My lnh
2 Qut cng nghip 10
3 Loa 4
4 amli 1
5 My chiu 1
6 Mn hnh 4
7 n (b) 88
CHNG II : XC NH PH TI TNH TON
1.TNH CHT PH TI IN
Ph ti in ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t ,do vy xc nh chnh xc ph ti tnh ton l
rt quang trng v kh khn nu ph ti tnh ton nh hn ph ti thc t s lm gim
ph ti cc thit b in , c th n n chy n v nguy him . nu ph ti tainh1 ton
ln hn ph ti thc t th dn n vic la chn cc thit b s ln gy ra lng ph .

Vic phn nhm ph ti ca phn xng da vo cc yu t sau:
- cc thit b trong cng mt nhm c cng chc nng
- cng sut ca nhm ph ti tng i ng u
- phn nhm theo khu vc gn nhau th cng mt nhm
- s nhm khng nn qu nhiu
2. XC NH PH TI TNH TON CHO DY NH D
2.1 cc phng php xc nh ph ti
a) Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo sut tiu hao in nng trn mt n v sn phm
Ta c cng thc :
P
max
0
T
MW
tt
Trong :
T
max
: L thi gian s dng cng sut ln nht trong mt nm
W
0
: mc tiu hao in nng cho mt n v sn phm (kwh/vsp)
M: s lng sn phm trong nm
u im cho kt qu kh chnh xc
Nhc im ch ch gii hn cho mt s thit b nh : qut gi , bm nc my nn kh
vv
b) xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo sut ph ti trn mt n v din tch sn xut
Ta c cng thc : P
S P
tt
.
0
Trong :
P
0
: Sut ph ti trn mt n v din tch sn xut (KW/m
2
)
S : din tch b tr nhm tiu th ( m
2
)
Phng php ny cho kt qu gn ng nn dng trong thit k s b v c dng
tnh ton cho nhng phn xng c mt my mc tng i u s b
c) Xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu
P

n
i
di nc tt
P k
1
(KW)
M P
dm
d
P
Cng sut phn khng

Q
tg P
tt tt
.
Vi tg
c xc nh theo cng thc

Cos
=
n
n n
n
n
di
n
n
di
P P P
P P P
P
P
...
cos ... cos cos
cos .
2 1
2 2 1 . 1
1
1
+ +
+ + +
Cng sut biu kin :

S
2 2
.
tt tt dt tt
Q P k +
Dng in nh mc
I
dm
tt
U
S
. 3
0
Trong :
P
di
: cng sut t th I (KW)
P
dm
: cong sut nh mc th I (KW)

: hiu sut ca thit b

k
nc
: h s nhu cu s dng ca nhm thit b c trng
k
dt
: h s ng thi (0,85 1 )
u im : n gin thun tin , s dng ph bin
Nhc im l : khng chnh xc v h s v h s s dng phi tra s tay , khng
ph thuc vo ch vn hnh ca mi thit b.trong nhm .
d) Cch xc nh ph ti cng trnh theo h s cc i (k
max
) v cng sut trung
bnh P
tb
( phng php s thit b hiu qu ).
Cch tnh nh sau ;
Cng sut tnh ton : P
i sd tt
P k k . .
max
Trong : k
max
: h s cc i ca cng sut tc dng
n
hq
: s thit b hiu qu c tnh bng biu thc : n
n n
hq hq
. *
k
sd
: h s s dng , ly t th ph ti , c tnh bng biu thc :

k
n
sdn n sd sd
n
n
di
sdi
n
n
di
sd
P P P
k P k P k P
P
K P
...
. ... . .
.
2 1
2 2 1 1
1
1
+ +
+ + +

n*=
n
n
1
; p*=
n
n
n
n
n
n
P
P
1
1
1
Trong :
- n: s thit b trong nhm
- n
1
: s thit b cng sut ln hn hoc bng mt na s thit b c cng sut ln nht
-
1 n
P
: tng cng sut nh mc ca n
1
thit b
-
n
P
: tng cng sut nh mc ca n thit b
u im ca phng n ny l cho kt qu c chnh xc kh cao v khi

xc nh s thit b hiu qu chng ta xt ti cc yu t quang trng nh :
nh hng ca cc thit b trong nhm v cng sut cng nh vn hnh
2.2 Xc nh ph ti cho phng 70 ch
p dng phng php 3 l xc nh ph ti theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu ta tnh
ton ph ti cho cng trnh ta nh D , do ti ca ta l ti c nh t thay i , ngun cung
cp vi cng sut tng i nh.
Ta xc nh cc thng s sau:
H s s dng k
sd
:
Trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng , cng sut tiu th thc thng b hn gi tr dnh
mc ca n . do h s s dng k
sd
c dng nh gi gi tr cng sut tiu th
thc . h s ny cn c p dng cho tng ti ring bit ( nht l ng c v chng him
khi chy y ti ).
Trong mng in h s ny c chng l 0,75 cho ng c , vi dy tc bng n th
bng 1 .
Ta chn k
sd
=0,8 cho cc thit b vn phng
k
sd
=0,75 cc ng c (thang my , bm nc cha chy , qut)
H s ng thi ( k
dt
)
- Thng thng th s vn hnh ca tt c cc ti c trong mt li in l khng bao gi
xy ra . h s ng thi ( k
dt
) s c dng nh gi ph ti .
- H s k
dt
thng c dng cho mt nhm ti ( c ni cng vi t phn phi chnh
hoc t phn phi ph ).
- Vic xc nh i hi s hiu bit chi tit ca ngi thit k v mch v iu kin
vn hnh ca tng ti ring bit trong mng . do vy kh c th xc nh chnh xc
cho tng trng hp .
Trong trng hp ny ta chn h s k

dt
=0,8 dnh cho cc t phn ph chnh v ph
dnh cho cng trnh chung c , ta nh cao tng
Sau khi lp phng n ti cho phng 70 ch , cc thng s k
sd
n v qut c tra theo
tiu chun IEC , h s chn cos
theo tiu chun xy dng tiue6 chun thit k

TCXD-27-1991 , chn h s cng sut cho ph ti trng DH, CD , TH dy ngh l
0.85. ta tin hnh lp bng s liu v tnh ton nh sau:
stt Tn thit b S
lng

d
p
(W)
sd
k
dt
k
tt
p
(W)
cos
1 n hunh
quang
18 18.36=648 1 648
0.8 1525
0.6
2 Qut trn 6 6.100=600 0.75 450 0.85
3 m li 1 1.200=200 0.8 160 0.85
4 loa 2 2.320=640 0.8 512 0.85
5 My chiu 1 1.300=300 0.8 140 0.85
6 cm in 8
7 cm m
thanh
1
8 Hp s qut 6
9 CB 6
Phn b cc thit b: cc thit b c t trong phng c cng in p 220 V , vic b tr
cc b n c s chiu sng , do nhu cu s dng my tnh xch tay ca sinh vin
cng nhiu do ta b tr mi phng 8 cm,theo kch thc phng ta b tr 3 cm
cch nhau 4m theo chiu dc v cch mt t 1m. 2 cm cn li ta b tr theo chiu
ngang.
2.3 Tnh ton ph ti cho ging ng 200 ch
sd
n v qut c tra theo
tiu chun IEC , chn cos
theo mng in quc gia l 0.85. ta tin hnh lp bng s liu

v tnh ton nh sau:
2.4 Xc nh ph ti cho ging ng 300 ch:
sd
n v qut c tra theo
tiu chun IEC , chn cos
theo mng in quc gia l 0.85. ta tin hnh lp bng s liu

v tnh ton nh sau:
stt Tn thit
b
S
lng
d
p
(w)
sd
k
d
p
(w)
dt
k
tt
p
(w)
cos
1 n hunh
quang
36 36.36=1296 1 1296
0.8 2166,
4
0.86
2 Qut trn 12 12.100=1200 0.75 900 0.85
3 m li 1 1.200=200 0.8 170 0.85
4 loa 4 4.320=1280 0.8 1024 0.85
5 My chiu 1 1.300=300 0.8 240 0.85
6 cm in 16
7 cm m
thanh
1
8 Hp s
qut
12
9 CB 9
stt Tn thit b S
lng
d
p
(w)
sd
k
d
p
(w)
dt
k
tt
p
(W)
cos
1 n hunh
quang
54 54.36=1944 1 1944
0.8 4824
0.6
2 Qut trn 18 18.100=180
0
0.75 1350 0.85
3 m li 1 1.200=1200 0.8 960 0.8
4 loa 6 6.320=1920 0.8 1536 0.8
5 My chiu 1 1.300=300 0.8 240 0.8
6 cm in 8
7 cm m
thanh
1
8 Hp s qut 18
9 CB 12
2.5 Xc nh ph tai cc phng tng trt :
2.5.1 phng t chc hnh chnh
stt Tn thit b S lng
d
p
(W)
sd
k
d
p
(w)
tt
k
tt
p
(w)
cos
1 n hunh quang 32 32.36=1152 1 1152

0.8 4937,6
0,6
2 Qut trn 4 4.100=400 0,75 300 0,85
3 My tnh 4 4.500=2000 0,8 1600 0,85
4 My fax 1 1.135=135 0,8 108 0,85
5 My in 1 1.315=315 0,8 252 0,85
6 My photo 1 1.1200=1200 0,8 960 0,85
7 My iu ha 2 2.750.1,5=2250 0,8 1800 0,85
8 Hp s qut 4
9 cm 2
10 CB 10
2.5. 2.Phng o to
stt Tn thit b S lng
d
p
(W)
sd
k
d
p
(w)
tt
k
tt
p
(w)
cos
1 n hunh quang 32 32.36=1152 1 1152

0.8 6217,6
0,6
2 Qut trn 4 4.100=400 0,75 300 0,85
3 My tnh 8 8.500=4000 0,8 3200 0,85
4 My fax 1 1.135=135 0,8 108 0,85
5 My in 1 1.315=315 0,8 252 0,85
6 My photo 1 1.1200=1200 0,8 960 0,85
7 My iu ha 2 2.750.1,5=2250 0,8 1800 0,85
8 Hp s qut 4
9 cm 2
10 CB 10

2.5.3. Xc nh ph tai phng qun l trang thit b:
2.5.4. Xc nh ph ti cho phng ti chnh k ton :
stt Tn thit b S lng
d
p
(W)
sd
k
d
p
(w)
tt
k
tt
p
(w)
cos
1 n hunh quang 16 16.36=576 1 576

0.8 3635,2
0,6
2 Qut trn 2 2.100=200 0,75 150 0,85
3 My tnh 6 6.500=3000 0,8 2400 0,85
4 My fax 1 1.135=135 0,8 108 0,85
5 My in 1 1.315=315 0,8 252 0,85
6 My photo 1 1.1200=1200 0,8 960 0,85
7 My iu ha 1 1.750.1,5=1125 0,8 900 0,85
8 Hp s qut 4
9 cm 2
10 CB 8
2.5.5. Xc nh ph ti cho phng cng tc hoc sinh snh vin
stt Tn thit b S lng
d
p
(W)
sd
k
d
p
(w)
tt
k
tt
p
(w)
cos
1 n hunh quang 16 30.36=1080 1 1080 0,6

stt Tn thit b S lng
d
p
(W)
sd
k
d
p
(w)
tt
k
tt
p
(w)
cos
1 n hunh quang 16 16.36=576 1 576

0.8 3635,2
0,6
2 Qut trn 2 2.100=200 0,75 150 0,85
3 My tnh 4 4.500=2000 0,8 1600 0,85
4 My fax 1 1.135=135 0,8 108 0,85
5 My in 1 1.315=315 0,8 252 0,85
6 My photo 1 1.1200=1200 0,8 960 0,85
7 My iu ha 1 1.750.1,5=1125 0,8 900 0,85
8 Hp s qut 4
9 cm 2
10 CB 8
0.8 4680
2 Qut trn 2 2.100=200 0,75 150 0,85
3 My tnh 6 6.500=3000 0,8 2400 0,85
4 My fax 1 1.135=135 0,8 108 0,85
5 My in 1 1.315=315 0,8 252 0,85
6 My photo 1 1.1200=1200 0,8 960 0,85
7 My iu ha 2 1.750.1,5=1125 0,8 900 0,85
8 Hp s qut 4
9 cm 2
10 CB 8
2.5.6. Xc nh ph ti cho phng qun l khoa hc v cng ngh.
stt Tn thit b S lng
d
p
(W)
sd
k
d
p
(w)
tt
k
tt
p
(w)
cos
1 n hunh quang 16 16.36=576 1 576

0.8 3635,2
0,6
2 Qut trn 2 2.100=200 0,75 150 0,85
3 My tnh 4 4.500=2000 0,8 1600 0,85
4 My fax 1 1.135=135 0,8 108 0,85
5 My in 1 1.315=315 0,8 252 0,85
6 My photo 1 1.1200=1200 0,8 960 0,85
7 My iu ha 1 1.750.1,5=1125 0,8 900 0,85
8 Hp s qut 4
9 cm 2
10 CB 8

2.5.7. Xc nh ph ti cho phng o to thng xuyn
stt Tn thit b S lng
d
p
(W)
sd
k
d
p
(w)
tt
k
tt
p
(w)
cos
1 n hunh quang 16 16.36=576 1 576

0.8 3635,2
0,6
2 Qut trn 2 2.100=200 0,75 150 0,85
3 My tnh 4 4.500=2000 0,8 1600 0,85
4 My fax 1 1.135=135 0,8 108 0,85
5 My in 1 1.315=315 0,8 252 0,85
6 My photo 1 1.1200=1200 0,8 960 0,85
7 My iu ha 1 1.750.1,5=1125 0,8 900 0,85
8 Hp s qut 4
9 cm 2
10 CB 8
3 Tnh ph ti tng trt : tng trt gm :
7 phng hnh chnh , 4 thang my , 2 ng c bm nc
Sau khi tnh ton nh bng trn ta c cng sut ca cc phng ln lt nh sau :
Phng t chc hnh chnh :
tt
p
= 4937,6 W
Phng o to :
tt
p
=3217,6 W
Phng qun l trang thit b:
tt
p
=3635,2 W
Phng k ton :
tt
p
=3635,2 W
Phng qun l hc sinh sinh vin;
tt
p
= 4680W
Phng qun l khoa hc cng ngh:
tt
p
=3635,2 W
Phng o to thng xuyn :
tt
p
=3635,2 W
-Sau khi tnh ton thang my phc v cho ta nh , ta chn thang my ca hng PTE
c cc thng s sau :
Kh nng ti :1000kg
Kch thc : 1 x 2,3 x 3 m
Xut s : lin doanh.
Cng sut tiu th : 7 Kw
Tc ln xung: 60 (m/ph)
-Chn cng sut cho ti ng c bm nc :
Hng sn xut ;PENTAX
Lu lng nc (m3/h):72
Sc ht ti a (m):18
Cng sut (w) 3000
-Cng sut tnh ton chiu sng hnh lang ;
1368 18 . 76
den
p
W khi a vo t chiu sng th
dt
k
=0,8 do d
4 , 1094 8 , 0 . 1368
ttden
p
W
Tm li tng cng sut tng trt l :

gtret
p
tan
=
+ + +
maybom tmay den tt
p p p P
(4937,6 + 3217,6 + 3635,2 + 3635,2 + 4680 +
3635,2 + 3635,2) + 1094,4 +(4.7000) + (2.3000) =62470,4W
I) CNG SUT CA TNG 1
Tng 1 gm c 6 phng 70 ch v 1 phng 200 ch
1 tan g
p
6
. 6
200 70
+ +
dhl phong phong
p p p
1525+2166,4+1094,4=12410,8 W
Do cc tng 1,tng 2 ,tng 3, tng 4 u c s phng tng t nhau do cng sut ca
cc phng u bng nhau v bng 12,684 kW
II) CNG SUT TNG 5 ;
5 tan g
p
5
+ +
dhl phong phong
p p p
300 70
5.1525 + 4824+1094,4=13543,4 W
Cng sut tng 5 v tng 6 bng nhau v cng ph ti

6 tan g
p
13543,4 W
4. CNG SUT TNG 7 ( HI TRNG)
Cng sut chiu sng :

cs
p
s b n.s n/b.cng sut mi n

cs
p
88.4.36=12672 W
Cng sut my lnh c tnh nh sau :theo ti liu 2 cng sut my lnh c
tnh cho ging ng , hi trng , phng hp rp ht l 360 BTUH/
2
m
Din tch hi trng : S=a.b=32.32=1024
2
m
1
2
m 360 BTUH
1024
2
m 368640 BTUH
360 BTUH/
2
m 29,7 W/
2
m
Suy ra cng sut ca my lnh cn dng cho c hi trng l 25,85kW
Nhn vi h s s dng
8 , 0
s
k
, vy cng sut ca my lnh l
ml
P
20,68 kW.
Ph ti qut l : quat
p
10.120=1200W , h s s dng
75 , 0
s
k
quat
p
=900 W
Sau khi c cc s liu trang thit b cho hi trng ta thit lp phng n tnh ton ph
ti theo bng sau:
Cng sut tiu th ca 7 tng ;
tong
P
62470,4 + (13543,4 .4) + (13543,4 .2)+ 32201,6=175932,4176 kW
Do tnh cht ca ta nh l cc phng khng ng thi hot dng cng lc gim din
p ta nhn vi h s dng thi l 0,8 .
tong
P
0,8.176=140,8 kW theo ti liu 2 ta chn h s cng sut l 0,85
Cng sut biu kin
tt
S
=

85 , 0
8 , 140
cos
tong
P
165,6 KVA
Cng sut phng khng : Q=
2 2 2 2
8 , 140 6 , 165
tong
P S 87,17 VAR
CHNG III . THIT K MNG H P CHO DY NH D
1.THIT K TRM BIN P CHO PHN XNG
1.1 Gii thiu :
Trm bin p dng bin i in nng t cp in p ny sang cp in p khc .
n ng vai tr quang trng trong h thng trong h thng cung cp in . ty theo
iu kin ca vic cung cp m ngi ta t my bin p ph hp .
A) Theo nhim v ngi ta phn trm bin p thnh hai loi :
- Trm bin p trung gian hay cn gi l trm bin p chnh :
Trm ny nhn in t h thng c in p t h thng in p 35-22KV bin i
thnh cp in p 10 KV hay 6 KV , c khi xung ti 0,4 KV
- Trm bin p phn xng :
Stt Tn thit b Cng sut
d
P
(W)
sd
K Cng sut
d
P
(W)
sd
K Cng sut
tnh ton
tt
P
(W)
1 My lnh 25850 0.8 20680
0.8 32201,6
2 Qut cng
nghip
10.120=1200 0,75 900
3 Loa 4.1600=6400 08 5120
4 amli 1.350 0.8 280
5 My chiu 150 0.8 120
6 Mn hnh 4.150 0.8 480
7 n 12672 1 12672
trm ny nhn in t trm bin p trung gianbien61 i thnh cc cp in p thch
hp phc v cho ti l cc xng , x nghip , nh cao tng . pha s cp thng l
10 KV, 6 KV , 15KV hoc 35 KV. Cn pha th cp c cc loi in p 220/127V :
380/220 V hoc 660 KV
. v phng in cu trc ngi ta chia trm bin p ra thnh nhiu kiu :
- Trm bin p trong nh
- Trm bin p ngoi tri
1.2 Trm bin p v dung lng bin p
Khi chn v tr s lng bin p trong x nghip ta cn phi so snh kinh t , k thut .
Nhn chung , v tr ca trm bin p phi tha mn cc yu cu chnh sau y:
- An ton lin tc cung cp in
- Vn u t b nht
- t tiu tn kim loi mu nht
- Cc kh c v thit b phi tng ng vi nhau
- Dung lng ca my bin p trong mt x nghip nn ng nht t chng loi
Gim s lng v dung lng my bin p d phng .
- S ni dy ca trm nn n gin , ch n s pht trin ca ph ti sau
ny .
Dung lng ca my bin p c chn theo iu kin sau:
ttpt dmba
S S

Trong
dmba
S
: l cng sut nh mc ca my bin p m ta chn .

ttpt
S
; l cng sut tnh ton ph ti ca ton cng trnh
Khi tht k trm bin p ta cn xc nh s lng v cng sut my bin p trong mt
trm , chng ta cn ch n mc tp trung hay phn tn ca ph ti ca ta nh v
tnh cht quan trng ca ph ti v phng din cung cp in . chng ta cn phi tin
hnh so snh kinh t-k thut ngay khi xc nh cc phng n cung cp in.
S lng v cng sut my bin p dc xc nh theo cc tiu chun kinh t k thut
sau:
- Trm bin p phi an ton , lin tc cung cp in , tn hao thp
- Vn u t thp
- Chi ph vn hnh hang nm thp
Ngoi ra cn lu n vic ;
- Tiu tn t kim loi mu
- Cc thit b kh c phi c nhp d dng vv
- Dung lng dung lng my bin p cung cp cho ta nh nn ng nht t chng
loi gim s lng v dung lng my bin p d phng
- S ni dy ca trm nn n gin , ch n vic pht trin ca ph ti sau
ny .
2 CHN S LNG MY BIN P V DUNG LNG MY
BIN P
xc nh dung ln trm bin p th ngi ta cm c vo ph ti ca ton cng
trnh cng sut ca trm c xc nh nh sau:

tt dmMBA
S S
Da vo kt qu tnh ton chng 2 ta c cc thng s sau;
tt
S
=165,6 KVA
Dng in tnh ton ca ton cng trnh l :
tt
I 7527 , 0
220
6 , 165

dm
tt
U
S
KA=752,7 A
xc nh s lng v dung lng my bin p ta cn phi tin hnh tnh ton kinh t
k thut cho nhiu phng n , sau chn phng n ti u nht
Tn hao din nng c xc nh theo cng thc :

1
]
1
+
2
0
' . '
dmMBA
tt
N
S
S
P t P A (KWh)
Trong :
0
' P
: tn tht cng sut tc dng khng ti k c phn do cng sut phn khng gy ra:
0
' P
=
0 0
Q K P
kt
+
:
0
P
tn tht cng sut khng ti ca my bin p c ghi trn nhn my .
kt
K
: h s dung lng kinh t thng chn
kt
K
=0,05 (KW/KVA).
t l thi gian s dng my bin p trong mt nm t=8760 gi
:
thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht
8760 ) 10 0124 , 0 (
2 4
max
+

T
Vi
:
max
T
l thi gian s dng cng sut ln nht theo ti liu 2 trang 25 ta chn .
0
Q
: tn tht cng sut phn khng lc khng ti do li thp .
0
Q
=
100
%
dmMBA
S I
(KVA).
I% : dng in khng ti ghi trn nhn my .
dmMBA
S
: dung lng nh mc ca my bin p
N
P'
: tn tht in p lc ngn mch k c cng sut phn khng gy ra .
N
P'
=
N kt N
Q K P +
.
Vi
N
P
: tn tht lc ngn mch ( nghi trn nhn my )

N
Q
: tn tht cng sut phn khng lc ngn mch gy ra .
100
%
dmMBA N
N
S U
Q

( KVAR)
%
N
U
. '
1
.
2
0 1
]
1
+
dmMBA
tt
N
S
S
P
n
t P n (KWh)
Trong :
dmMBA
S dung lng nh mc MBA
N
P'
: tn tht in p lc ngn mch k c cng sut phn khng gy ra.
0
' P
: tn tht cng sut tc dng khng ti k c phn do cng sut phn khng gy ra.
n s lng my bin p mc song song.
t : thi gian s dng my bin p trong mt nm t=8760 gi
: thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht

8760 ) 10 0124 , 0 (
2 4
max
+

T
T
max
:l thi gian s dng cng sut ln nht .
T
max
=5000 (gi/nm)
thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht : 3411 gi

Da vo ph ti ton phn xng l :
tt
S
=165,6 ta a ra nhiu phng n la chn my
bin p cho ph hp .theo tiu chun :
TCVN 1983-1994 in p 15KV; 22KVt 2
KV 4 , 0 / % 5 , 2

C t u dy l Dyn-11( 11 0 / Y ( theo ti liu 2 trang 3-2 )
i vi cng trnh ang xt th ta a ra 3 phng n chn MBA tt c cc my u tra
theo ti liu 2 trang3-3
2.1 Phng n 1:
Dng 1 my bin p 3 pha c dung lng l : 180 KVA
- C cc thng s k thut sau:
Cng sut nh mc :180 KVA
in p nh mc n 24 KV
Tn hao khng ti
0
p
=315 (W)= 0,315 KW
Dng in khng ti
2 %
0
I
Tn hao ngn mch 75 C
0
: P
2185
N
(W) = 2,185 KW
in p ngn mch: U
6 4 % t
N
Vi cc thng s trn ta p kim tra cc tn tht ca MBA
Tn tht cng sut phn khng lc ngn mch :
2 , 7
100
180 . 4
100
%.

dmMBA N
N
S U
Q KVAR
Tn tht cng sut tc dng lc ngn mch :
54 , 2 2 , 7 . 05 , 0 185 , 2 . ' + +
N kt N N
Q k P P
KW
Tn tht cng sut phn khng trong my bin p :
6 , 3
100
180 . 2
100
%.
0

dmMBA
N
S I
Q KVAR
Tn tht cng sut khng ti k c phn do cng sut gy ra :
+ + 6 , 3 . 05 , 0 315 , 0 . '
0 0 N kt
Q k P P
0,495 KW
Tn tht in nng trong my bin p c dung lng
180
dmMBA
S
KVA trong mt nm:
1
]
1
+
1
]
1
+ 3411 .
180
6 , 165
. 54 , 2 8760 . 495 , 0 . . ' '
2
2
. 0 1

dmMBA
tt
N
S
S
P t P A 11669 KWh
S tin tn tht in tnh trong 1 nm vi gi l :1500 KWh
17503500 1500 . 11669
1

A
C
VND
2.2 Phng n 2
Dng 1 my bin p 3 pha c cng sut l : 250 KVA
-Vi cc thng s k thut sau :
Cng sut nh mc :S
250
dmMBA
KVA
in p nh mc :24KW
Tn hao khng ti :
700
0
P
W= 0,7 KW
Tn hao ngn mch :
3250
N
P
W=3,25 KW
in p ngn mch phn trm: U
4 %
N
Dng in khng ti :I
2 %
0

Cc tn hao trn my bin p c tnh nh sau:
10
100
250 . 4
100
%.

MBA N
N
Sdm U
Q KVA
Tn tht cng sut tc dng ngn mch :
75 , 3 10 . 05 , 0 25 , 3 . ' + +
N kt N N
Q k P P
KW
Tn tht cng sut phn khng trong my bin p :
5
100
250 . 2
100
%.
0
0

dmMBA
S I
Q KVA
Tn tht cng sut khng ti k c phn do cng sut gy ra :
95 , 0 5 . 05 , 0 7 , 0 0 . '
0 0
+ + Q k P P
kt
KW
Tn tht in nng MBA trong mt nm l :
5 , 13934 3411 .
250
6 , 165
. 75 , 3 8760 . 95 , 0 . . ' . '
2
. 2
0 1

1
]
1
+
1
]
1
+
dmMBA
tt
N
S
S
P t P A KWh
S tin tn tht trong mt nm vi gi in 1500VND/KWh
20901750 1500 . 5 , 13934
1

A
C
VND
2.3 Phng n 3
Dng hai MBA vi dung lng mi my l 100 KVA
-Cc thng s ca MBA nh sau:
Cng sut nh mc ca my : 100 KVA
in p nh mc n 24 KW
Tn hao khng ti
205
0
P
W= 0,205 KW
Tn hao ngn mch
1258
N
P
W=1,258 KW
in p ngn mch : U
6 4 % t
N

Dng in khng ti :I
2 %
0

Tng t nh trn ta kho st thc t cc tn hao ca MBA c dung lng 100 KVA
nh sau:
Tn tht cng sut phn khng lc ngn mch :
4
100
100 . 4
100
%.

dmMBA N
N
S U
Q KVA
Tn tht cng sut tc dng lc ngn mch
458 , 1 4 . 05 , 0 258 , 1 . ' + +
N kt N N
Q k P P
KW
Tn tht cng sut phn khan trong MBA
2
100
100 . 2
100
%.
0

dmMBA
N
S I
Q KVAR
Tn tht cng sut khng ti k c phn do cng sut phn khng gy ra:
305 . 0 2 . 05 , 0 205 , 0 . '
0 0
+ +
N kt
Q k P P
KW
Tn tht in nng ca MBA trong 1 nm l :
16310 3411 .
100
6 , 165
. 458 , 1 8760 . 305 , 0 . ' . '
2
2
0 1

1
]
1
+
1
]
1
+
dmMBA
tt
N
S
S
P t P A KWh
S tin tn tht trong 1 nm vi gi tin in l 1500 VND
24465000 1500 . 16310
1

A
C
VND
Phng n ny ti 2 my nn s tin tn tht cho phng n ny l
2.24465000=48930000 VND
KT LUN
Qua 3 phng n xut chn my v cng sut trm nh trn th ta thy phng n 1
c li hn cc xut cn li . Cc h s tn hao thp v cng sut biu kin cn d
tng i ph hp cho s pht trin ca cng trnh trong tng lai.
3 BO V MANG CP IN T MY PHT PHT
IN D PHNG
.Khi thit b c cung cp t nhng ngun xoay chiu t bin p trung h hoc
my pht in h p ,vn kh khn l m bo s hot ng tt ca h thng bo
v vi cc ngun khc nhau . ct li ca vn ny l s khc nhau rt ln gia tng
tr ca cc ngun . Tng tr ca my pht ln hn nhiu tng tr ca my bin p
. Hu ht cc li in cng nghip v thng mi ln u gm mt s ti quan
trng m ngun phi duy tr trong trng hp li in quc gia gp s c nh:
Cc h thng an ton ( chiu sng s c , thit b cha chy t ng , qut thot
khi , bo ng v tn hiu ,vv.)
Cc mch in quan trng cp in cho thit b m nu ngng hot ng s gy
thit hi cho sn xut , hay lm h hng dng c .vv
Mt trong nhng bin php duy tr cung cp in cho ti thit yu khi c s c
ngun l s dng my pht in diesel . c ni thng qua cu dao o vi t
ng ct d phng v nui cc thit b .
G
Ti khng quang trng
Ti quang trng
Cu dao chuyn mch
(o in )
trung
h
Mch in c cung cp t my bin p v my pht .
3.1 Tip theo l cch la chon c th my pht in:
La chn chn my pht d phng ph thuc vo tnh cht mng in cn cung cp ;
- a im hot ng
- Tng cng sut ti lp t
- nhy ca cc mng in i vi gin on in .
- sn sang ca mng li phn phi .
chn chnh xc my pht in theo l thuyt th phi qua nhiu bc nh tnh ton
cng sut biu kin, dng in danh ngha, h s tiu dng
Trc khi chn my pht in chng ta cn tnh ton tt c cng sut thc (kW) sau
qui i ra cng sut biu kin (kVA) . Vic tnh ton ng cng sut cng rt quan trng
nhm trnh qu ti nu chn cng sut my nh hn cng sut ti. Nu chn cng sut
my ln hn nhiu cng sut ti th lng ph .Cc h s cng sut tng ng vi cc thit
b ti nh sau: ( Theo ti liu tailieu.vn)
Loi ti H s cos
-M t, my lnh, t lnh, chiller: 0.8

-n hunh quang, my tnh 0.4
-in tr hoc n dy tc: 1.0
Chn my pht in mi 100%:
Chn my pht in mi vi h s an ton khon 1.1, ngha l chn cng sut my pht
in bng cch nhn cng sut ti vi h s an ton.
V d: cng sut ti tnh ton c l: 150KVA
Cng sut my pht in cn trang b l: 150KVA x 1.1 = 165KVA
Chn my pht in qua s dng:
Ty theo tnh trng mi my pht in qua s dng m ta c h s an ton t 1.1
1.25
V d: cng sut ti tnh ton c l: 150KVA
Cng sut my pht in qua s dng cn trang b l: 150KVA 187.5KVA ty tnh
trng my tt hay xu
*LU :
Kh chn la my pht in cn mt s lu nh sau:
- S thit b ti s tng trong tng lai gn cn d tr cng sut cho cc thit b ti tng
ny.
- Dng khi ng ca cc thit b c dng khi ng ln nh m t, my nn nh
my nc, nh my g
- Cng sut ti thay i lin tc.
- Cc loi ti hay sinh ra cng sut ngc nh cn trc, m t cng sut ln, thang my
- Khi chn my nn cn c theo cng sut lin tc ca my v cng sut d phng l cng
sut ch chy c 1h trn mi 12h chy my.
Mt s lu khi chn mua:
- Khi c nhu cu mua my pht in th ta cn lit k tht chi tit cc thit b in cn
dng, t tnh ton cng sut tiu th tng ri tnh cng sut my pht in cn mua.
- Nhm tng tui th v bn cho my pht in, ngi mua my nn chn mua my
pht in c cng sut cao hn cng sut tiu th thc t t 10% n 25%.
- Khi la chn my pht in, khch hng nn ch la chn sn phm c giy bo hnh
v ngun gc xut x r rng.
- Khi mua my pht cho thang my phi c thng s k thut chnh xc chn c loi
my ph hp.
- Khi vn hnh, my pht in phi c t v tr thong, khng m t.
- Khng t my trong nh khi vn hnh nhm trnh b ng c kh thi.
- Khi lp t my, nn ni cc thit b cn s dng trc tip vi ngun in ca my pht.
V nh vy, c th hn ch c lng ti s dng khng vt qu cng sut ca my,
trnh hin tng b qu ti dn n chy u pht in. ng thi, nht thit phi lp
thm cu dao o ngun in hay t chuyn ngun t ng (ATS), trnh cho my b
"xng in" khi in li c tr li t ngt.
- Nn chn mua my c thi gian hot ng lin tc di, v thi gian cp in nc ta
thng thng t vi gi n na ngy.
- Mt vn na cng ng quan tm, l my pht in thng gy ting n ln, nh
hng n gia nh c tr nh v khu vc xung quanh. Hin c mt s loi c h
thng gim thanh khc phc iu ny, bn nn ch chn mua.
*Theo kin ca cc chuyn gia v my pht in th sn phm c tiu th nhiu nht
l loi my pht in c nhp khu cc thit b chnh, mt s linh kin ph c sn
xut v lp rp ti Vit Nam. u im l gi thnh hp l nhng cht lng vn m bo
khng thua km nhiu so vi hng nhp khu t nuc ngoi.
Chn ngun gc my pht in:
Mt s nhn hiu ng c ph bin ca G7:
CUMMINS, CATERPILAR, MTU- DETROIT, JOHN DEERE: M
MTU-DETROIT, MAN, DEUTZ, STEYR: c, o
JOHN DEERE: Php
MITSUBISHI, KOMATSU: Nht
IVECO:
Mt s nhn hiu ng c sn xut cc nc pht trin:
DEAWOO, HUYNDAI: Hn Quc
MMZ : Belarus
Cc nhn hiu ca cc hng ln sn xut nhng quyn cc nc ang pht trin nh
Trung Quc, n , Th Nh K
CUMMINS, PERKINS, DEUTZ, STEYR
3.2 Tnh ton chn my pht in d phng
i vi dy nh D cc ti cn cp ngun khi mt in nh : cc phng hnh chnh tng
trt , thang my , my bm nc cha chy , n hnh lang . theo tnh ton ph ti trn
ta c cng sut ca cc thit b nh sau:
- phng t chc hnh chnh :
tt
p
= 4937,6 W
- Phng o to :
tt
p
=3217,6 W
- Phng qun l trang thit b:
tt
p
=3635,2 W
- Phng k ton :
tt
p
=3635,2 W
- Phng qun l hc sinh sinh vin;
tt
p
= 4680W
- Phng qun l khoa hc cng ngh:
tt
p
=3635,2 W
- Phng o to thng xuyn :
tt
p
=3635,2 W
cng sut ca 7 phng l : P
ttp
=4937,6+3217,6+3217,6+3635,2+4680+3635,2+3635,2=26958,4 W
-Sau khi tnh ton thang my phc v cho ta nh , ta chn thang my ca hng PTE -
C cc thng s sau :
Kh nng ti :1000kg
Kch thc : 1 x 2,3 x 3 m
Xut s : lin doanh.
Cng sut tiu th : 7 Kw
Tc ln xung: 60 (m/ph)
-Chn cng sut cho ti ng c bm nc :
Hng sn xut ;PENTAX
Lu lng nc (m3/h):72
Sc ht ti a (m):18
Cng sut (w) 3000
Cng sut tnh ton chiu sng hnh lang ;
1368 18 . 76
den
p
W khi a vo t chiu sng th
dt
k
=0,8 do d
4 , 1094 8 , 0 . 1368
ttden
p
W
Sau khi c cng sut ca cc ti cn cp ngun (KW) , ta quy i ra cng sut biu kin
(KVA). Cc h s cng sut tng ng vi cc thit b ti nh sau: (theo ti liu www
tailieu.vn)
Loi ti H s cos
-M t, my lnh, t lnh, chiller: 0.8

-n hunh quang, my tnh 0.4
-in tr hoc n dy tc: 1.0
Ta c cng sut biu kin ca ph ti :
Cng sut cn cp ngun cho thang my l Sthmay =4.7000/0.8=35000 VA
Cng sut cn cp ngun cho my bm nccha chy l :S
bn
=2.3000/0.8=7500 VA
Cng sut biu kin ca cc phng hnh chnh l : Pttp = 26958,4 W
Do ti tiu th ca cc phng du l n hunh quang v cc thit b khc nh my
tnh, my in ,my photo nn theo bng h s cos
trn ta chn h s cos
=0,4
Cng sut biu kin S

ttp 26958,4/0,4=67396 W
Tng cng sut cn thit cp ngun d phng l :
S= S
thmay
+ S
bn
+: P
ttp
+ S
ttp
=35000+7500+26958,4+67396=136854,4 VA
=136,8 KVA
Chn my pht in mi 100%:
Chn my pht in mi vi h s an ton khon 1.1, ngha l chn cng sut my
pht in bng cch nhn cng sut ti vi h s an ton.
S=136,8 .1,1=150 KVA
Kt lun : chn my bin p mi 100% c cng sut l 150KVA
3 CHN V TR LP T TRM:

a im lp t tt nht l trung tm ph ti , ti v tr kh ro an ton . ngoi ra
cng xem xt thm cc yu t v m quan giao thng vv
cch xc nh tm ph ti
mc ch ca vic xc nh tm ph ti l :
Chn v tr t trm bin p cho x nghip , nh my , phn xng
Chn v tr t t in trong phn xng
Cng thc xc nh ta ca tm ph ti l:
Ta X X=
n
n n
n
i
i
i
n
i
i
P P P
X P X P X P
P
X P
+ + +
+ + +
...
.... .
.
2 1
2 2 1 . 1
1
1
(m)
Ta Y Y=
n
n n
n
i
i
n
i
i i
P P P
Y P Y P Y P
P
y P
...
... .
.
2 1
2 2 1 1
1
1
+ +
+ + +
(m)
Trong :
P
i
: l cng sut ti th i (KW) hoc (KVA)
X
i
: l ta ca ti th i theo trc honh (m)
Y
i
: l ta ca ti th i theo trc tung (m)
chn v tr lp t trm cho dy nh D th ta t trm gn gn ng dy mng trung
p . khong cch t trm vo cng trnh l 50m. Theo ti liu 1 trang 59 ta chn
My bin p ba pha hai dy qun do Vit Nam ch to ( THIBIDI) c cng sut l :S
180
dmMBA
KVA cp in p 22 KV
4 , 0 / 5 , 2 2 t
KV t u dy
11 /
0

Dng nh mc I
7 , 4
1
A
Dng nh mc I
8 , 259
2
A
Kch thc : 870 1510 1320 (mm)
3.1 cc bo v trm
Mc tiu bo v trong nhnh in l nhm m bo an ton cho ngi bo v chng
nhng mi nguy him hoc ph hng ti sn , nh my thit b .
Bo v ngi v chng li s nguy him do qu in p , in git , chy n
vv
Bo v c thit b v cc thnh phn khc trong h thng in , chng li s
nguy him do do ngn mch , st nh v khng n nh ca h thng vv
Bo v ngi v nh my khng b nguy him do vn hnh sai h thng bng
cch s dng kha lien ng bng c tay hay in.
3.1.1 Bo v chng in git v qu p .
Bo v chng in git do chm in trc tip hoc gin tip
a) Bo v chng in git do chm trc tip
Bin php ch yu chng chm trc tip l dt tt c cc phn dn in trong
v bc cch in , hoc ngoi tm vi ( t sau ro chn cch in hoc trn
cao) hoc dng vt chn
V kim loi ca my bin p hoc thit b in c ni vo dy ni t bo
v
b) Bo v chng chm in gin tip
Hn ch dng chm t pha trung th
Gim in tr ni dt trm xung gi tr nh nht c th
To iu kin ng th trm v li h th
c) Bo v chng qu in p
Bo v qu in p do h hng cch in pha trung th lm xut hin in p
pha th cp bng rle qu p ( over voltage relay OVR)
Bo v qu in p kh quyn do st lan truyn vo trm i vi ng dy
trung th trn khng bng chng st van ( suge arrester)
3.2 Bo v in
3.2.1 Bo v qu ti
Qu ti my bin p thng l do nhu cu ngu nhin ca mt s ph ti , do s
gia tng nhu cu ph ti ca mng , do m rng cng trnh . s tng ti lm tng
lm tng nhit ca my bin p lm gim tui th . thit b chng qu ti
thng t pha sau trm bin p khch hng , nhng thng t trc trm bin
p cng cng.
Bo v qu ti my bin p c thc hin bng cch s dng rle qu ti c
tr . bo v ny s tc ng ct mch phi u ra ca my bin p . thi gian t
ny nhm m bo khng ct nhm MBA trong trng hp qu ti ngn hn
Ngoi ra cn c bo v s c bn trong MBA
3.1.2 Bo v ngn mch
Ngn mch c th xy ra gia cc dy pha , pha-t , hoc ba pha . s c ngn
mch cun s cp th cp s to thnh dng ngn mch chm t
Bo v ngn mch thng dng CB u ra MBA , my ct hay cu ch , hay FCO
pha trung p . dng h thng bo v rle( EFR-Earth Fault Relay).
3.1.3 Chn thit b bo v
a) Chn thit b bo v pha trc
bo v bng cu ch :
khi chn cu ch cn thc hin theo hai tr s dng in sau;
Dng chun
b
I
, gi tr ny c xem l dng nh mc ca MBA
Dng ngn mch 3 pha nh nht ti v tr lp cu ch
khi dng chun
b
I
<45A , ch c 1 MBA c th thc hin bo v cu ch
mi quan h gia dng chun
b
I
,dng nh mc ca cu ch I
n
, v dng ngn mch s
cp MBA c xt theo tiu chun quc gia v c quan h nh sau:
khi trm ch c 1 MBA , dng nh mc ca cu ch I
n
phi tha mn quan h nh sau:
I
n
>1,4I
b
v I
n
< I
6 /
C
Trong :
I
n
: l dng nh mc ca cu ch
I
b
: l dng nh mc ca MBA
I
C
: l dng nh nht phi s cp khi c ngn mch cun th cp
Nh vy theo bng 3-7 ti liu 2 trang 3-6 ta chn dng nh mc ca cu ch bo v
MBA l 16 A theo tiu chun IEC-282-1 vi in p nh mc li l 22 KV
b) bo v bng my ct khi trm c cp ngun thng qua mt my ct trung p , th ta
cn m bo ( s c ngn mch hoc qu ti ) trong mch h p s khng lm cc rle
bo v pha ngun tc ng nhm.
3.1.4 Chn thit b bo v pha sau MBA
Thit b bo v l my ct h th ( CB) hoc cu ch cu dao t sau MBA phi tun th
cc yu cu sau :( IEC -364).
- Phi c dao cch ly ( nhm m bo an ton cho ngi ) , dao ny c tip im
khi m ra to khong h c th nhn thy mt cch r rng
- C dng nh mc ph hp vi dng ngn mch 3 pha phi th cp .
- C s cc ph hp vi dng ngn mch 3 pha pha th cp .
- C s cc ph hp vi kiu s ni t dy trung tnh
4.Dng c o lng in
Ch lp t cng t in ti cc trm bin p c nhu cu kim tra tn tht
in nng
V ti cc l , m c giao dch mua bn trc tip .
Vic o m in nng bng cng t in c thc hin gin tip qua
my bin dng in (CT-Current Tranformer)
Khi kim tra in p v dng in th s dng ng h o Vn (V ) v
Ampe (A)
My bin dng in , cng t in c t trong t phn phi h p cng
vi CB tng
Tra bng 3-8 ti liu 2 trang 3-7 ta c mt s thit b chnh ca trm 180 KVA nh sau:
My bin p : 180KVA
Cu ch t ri; FCO-22 (s lng 3)
Chng st van LA-22 ( s lng 3)
T in 0,8
3 , 1

CB 3 pha tng 300
Cu ch 3pha 3 125 (s lng 2
4)
CT- bin dng 300/5A (s lng 3)
Dy dn : A-50 mm
2
Dy ni 1kV M70
Cp h th 1kV M3 95 150 + mm
2
Cp ra h p 1 kv M3 50 70 + mm
2

S d nguyn l ca trm bin p
MCB
MCB
LA-22
FCO-22
CT
MBA 180 KVA
CT
MCCB 300A
MCB MCB MCB MCB MCB
Y
S NGUYN L TRM BIN P

PHN 2 : PHNG N I DY
1) Ngun cung cp
Trong h thng cung cp in ni chung c quan h mt thit vi ph ti , cp in
p , s cung cp in , bo v , t ng ha v ch d vn hnh . Do phi xem xt
ton din khi xc nh ngun in . khi c nhiu phng n th vic chn ngun in
phi da trn c s tnh ton v so snh kinh t k thut .
Ty theo quy m ca h thng cung cp in v ngun in c th l : nh my nhit
in , thy in trm pht diezen, trm bin p khu vc ,trm bin p trung gian hoc cc
trm phn phi v trm bin p phn xng .
Do y l cng trnh cao tng , in p cung cp cho ph ti l 400/220 V , trm
bin p ly in t li in 22KV. V vy ph hp vi thc t ta chn my bin p c
cp in p 22KV/0,4KV.
2 ) phng n i dy trong ta nh dy D
Vi s b tr cc ph ti trong phng hc v ging ng ta chn s i dy dng tia
v dng phn nhnh
a) Dng tia :
u dim :
ni dy r rng , mi t c mt ng dy ring . nu c s mt in th ch c tc
ng , cc t khc khng nh hng . tin cy tng i cao , d dng t ng ha
diu khin cng nh sa cha
Nhc im : tn nhiu dy dn
p dng cho mng t phn phi v phn xng

B) dng phn nhnh
u im: r tin
Nhc im : cc tng , cc phng ph thuc ln nhau , khng m bo cung cp
in lien tc
Sau khi xc nh xong v tr t cc t ng lc v cc t phn phi , ta tin hnh v
s i dy :
cc thit b c cng sut ln th i dy ring
cc thit b c cng sut va v nh t gn nhau th c th i lin thng vi
nhau .
PHN 3 : CHN DY DN V KH C BO V :
1) C s l thuyt trong iu kin vn hnh ca cc kh c in , s cch in v cc b
phn cch in khc c th mt trong ba ch sau : ch lm vic lu di , ch
lm vic qu ti , ch lm vic ngn mch .
Ch lm vic lu di : cc kh c in , s cch in v cc b phn dn in
khc s lm vic tin cy nu chng c chn theo dung in p nh mc .
Ch lm vic qu ti : trong ch lm vic qu ti dng in qua kh c
in , s cch in v b phn dy dn in khc s s c tr s ln hn gi tr
nh mc . s lm vic tin cy ca cc phn t trn c m bo bng cc quy
nh gi tr v thi gian in p hay dng in tng cao m khng vt qu gi tr
cho php .
Ch lm vic ngn mch : trong tnh trng ngn mch , cc kh c in , s
cch in v cc b phn dn in khc vn m bo lm vic tin cy nu qu
trnh la chn chng c cc thng s theo ng iu kin n nh ng v n
nh nhit .
Ngoi ra , cn ch n v tr dt thit b , nhit mi trng xung quanh . mc
m t , mc nhim vv
2) Tnh ton kh c bo v v dy dn t trm bin p n t phn phi :
a) Chn ptmat (CB)
Theo kt qu tnh ton ca ph ti c dy nh D
Ph ti ca ton phn xng l : S
6 , 165
tt
KVA
Dng in tnh ton ca ph ti l : I
2516 , 0
380 . 3
6 , 165
. 3

dm
tt
tt
U
S
KA=251,6 A
Theo tiu chun IEC ta c : I

CB
I
) 25 , 1 15 , 1 .(
tt
I

CB
I
tt
.1,15=251,6.1,15=289,34 A
Tra bng bo gi thit b ng ct ca MITSUBISHI ta chn MCCB 4P c m l
NF400-SW c dng nh mc l 300A .
b) chn dy dn :
ngun in i t trm bin p n t phn phi chnh l ngun 3 pha 4 dy vi U
380
dm
V , ta chn phng n i dy cp ngm .
vi phng n i dy ngm ta cn xc nh h s : K
K=K
4
.K
5
.K
6
.K
7
Trong
- K
4
: L th hin ca cch lp t
Ta chn phng n i dy ngm trong ng PVC chon di t . theo IEC ( bng H1-
19 trang H1-31 ti liu 3) chn K
4
=0,8
- K
5
: Th hin nh hng ca s t k nhau
Cc dy c coi l k nhau nu khong cch L gia chng nh hn hai ln ng
knh ca dy ln nht trong hai dy theo IEC (bng H1-20 trang H1-31ti liu 3) chn
h s K
5
=1
- K
6
: th hin nh hng ca t chn cp . v chn cp trong t kh nn theo IEC
(bng H1-21 trang H1-31 ti liu 1 )chn h s K
6
=1
- K
7
: th hin nh hng nhit ca t .
Do nhit trong t ca cng trnh m ta ang tnh ton l 30
0
C
Theo IEC bng H1-22 trang H1-31 ta chn h s K
7
=0,89
Vy h s xc nh : K=K
4
.K
5
.K
6
.K
7
=0,8.1.1.0,89=0,71
T ta tnh c : I
5 , 422
71 , 0
300

K
I
CB
n
A
T kt qu tnh c nh trn , tra catalogue dy CADIVI ta chn tit din dy dn t
trm bin p ti t phn phi l dy rut ng CV c s li l 4 c tit din 200 mm
2
.
3) chn thanh dn
Dng in tnh ton ca ton cng trnh l :
I
2516 , 0
380 . 3
6 , 165
. 3

dm
tt
tt
U
S
KA=251,6 A
Chn thanh dn theo cc yu cu nh sau:
Mt dng F=
kt
lv
J
I
mm
2
Trong :J
k t
: mt dng kinh t ca thanh dn ( A/mm
2
)

I
lv
:dng in lm vic bnh thng ca thanh dn (A)
Vi T
max
=5000 gi/nm , v s dng loi dy trn v thanh ci bng ng theo IEC
ta chn J
k t
=1,8 A/mm
2
F=
kt
lv
J
I
=
140
8 , 1
6 , 251
mm
2
Tra bng 8-17 trang 56 ti liu 1 ta chn thanh dn c tit din F=40.4=160 mm
2
Phn : chn kh c v thit b bo v v dy dn t t phn phi
chnh n t phn phi ph
1) t phn phi tng trt
a) chn ptomat (CB) P=62470,4 W
Cng sut biu kin : S=
5 , 73494
85 , 0
4 , 62470
cos

tt
P
VA
Dng in dnh mc ca tng trt l : I
6 , 111
380 . 3
5 , 73494
. 3
6

dmp
ttret
dmtrt
U
S
A
Tra bang gi catalogue thit b ng ngt ca MITSHBISHI ta chn CB 4 cc m l NF-
125 SW c dng nh mc l 125A .
b) Chn dy dn
Ngun in i t t chnh n t in tng trt vi in p l 380 V
Chn phng n di dy m tng
theo phn n i dy ny ta cn xc nh cc h s: K=K
1
.K
2
.K
3

Trong h s hiu chnh
- K
1
:th hin nh hng ca cch thc lp t
phng y l cc ng dy c t trong vt liu cch in chu nhit theo IEC ta
chn K
1
=0,77 (bng H1-13 trang H1-24 ti liu 3)
-K
2
:th hin nh hng tng h ca hai mch gn nhau
H s K
2
th hin nh hng ca s lng dy t k nhau . hai mch c coi l
k nhau khi khong cch L gia hai dy nh hn 2 ln ng knh cp ln nht ca 2 cp
ni trn. Khi s hng cp nhiu hn 1, K
2
cn nhn vi cc h s sau:
2 hng :0,8
3 hng :0,73
4 hng hoc 5 hng :0,7.
Theo IEC dng cp 3 pha 4 li lp trong tng ta chn K
2
0,75(Tra bng H1-14
trang H1-25 ti liu 3)
- K
3
Th hin nh hng ca nhit d tng ng vi dng cch in
Theo IEC ta c nhit ca cng trnh l 30
0
C ch in PVC
do d ta chn K
1
3
( tra bng H1-15 trang H1-26 ti liu 3)

Vy h s: K=K
1
.K
2
.K
3
=0,77.0,75.1=0,58
T ta tnh c :I
5 , 215
58 , 0
125

K
I
CB
n
A
T kt qu tnh ton trn ta tra bng 8.8 trang 49 ti liu 1 ta chn dy cp in lc h p
ch in v c v PVC loi 4 li ng c tit din dy l 120 mm
2
c kh chi dng ti
l 228 A
2) t phn phi tng 1
Do cc tng 1,2,3,4,5,6u c ti tiu th bng nhau , cng sut bng nahu do ta ch
chn CB v dy dn cho tng 1 cc tng cn li tng t
a) chn ap1tomat (CB)
cng sut tiu th ca tng 1 :
P

1 tan g
13543,4 W
Cng sut biu kin ca tng 1:
S
1 tan g tt
= 4 , 15933
85 , 0
4 , 13543
cos
1 tan

g
P
VA
Dng nh mc ca tng 1 :
U
dm
=380 V
I
2 , 24
380 . 3
4 , 15933
. 3
1 tan
1

dm
g tt
dm
U
S
A
Tra bng gi cc thit b ng ct mitsubishi ta chn CB 3P m l NF-63 SW vi dng
nh mc ca CB l 32A
b) chn dy dn cho tng 1,2,3,4,5,6 ( cc tng ny c cng cng sut tiu th)
Ngun in i t t chnh n t in tng trt vi in p l 380V
Ta chn phng n di dy m tng
Theo phn n i dy ny ta cn xc nh cc h s: K=K
1
.K
2
.K
3

* Trong h s hiu chnh
K
1
chn K
1
K
2
H s K
2
2
2 hng :0,8
3 hng :0,73
2
0,79(Tra bng H1-14
K
3
0
C ch in PVC
do d ta chn K
1
3

Vy h s: K=K
1
.K
2
.K
3
=0,77.0,79.1=0,6
T ta tnh c :I
3 , 53
6 , 0
32

K
I
CB
n
A
Ta chn dy cp in lc h p ch in v PVC c tit din dy 14 mm
2
s si
7/1,6mm( theo bng 8.9 trang 50 ti liu 1) c kh nng chu dng ti l 62 A
3) t phn phi tng 7
a) chn aptomat (CB)
cng sut tiu th ca t :
P

7 tan g
32201,6 W
Cng sut biu kin ca tng 7:
S
7 tan g tt
= 2 , 37884
85 , 0
6 , 32201
cos
7 tan

g
P
VA
Dng nh mc ca tng 7
U
dm
=380 V
I
6 , 57
380 . 3
2 , 37884
. 3
7 tan
7

dm
g tt
dm
U
S
A
Tra bng gi cc thit b ng ct mitsubishi ta chn CB 3P m l NF-63 SW vi dng
nh mc ca CB l 63A
b) Chn dy dn cho tng 7
Ngun in i t t chnh n t in tng trt vi in p l 220 V
-Ta chn phng n di dy m tng
-Theo phn n i dy ny ta cn xc nh cc h s: K=K
1
.K
2
.K
3

trong h s hiu chnh
- K
1
chn K
1
-K
2
H s K
2
2
2 hng :0,8
3 hng :0,73
2
0,79(Tra bng H1-14
- K
3
0
C ch in PVC
do d ta chn K
1
3

Vy h s: K=K
1
.K
2
.K
3
=0,77.0,79.1=0,6
T ta tnh c :I
105
6 , 0
63

K
I
CB
n
A
Ta chn dy cp in lc h p cch in c v bc PVC loi 3 li ng c tit din
38mm
2
, s si 7/2,6mm ( theo bng 8.9 trang 50 ti liu 1) c kh nng chu dng ti l
113 A
4 . Tnh ton t phn phi cho cc phng chc nng:
4.1 Chn CB cho phng 70 ch:
-
Cng sut tiu th : P
70
=1525 W
Cng sut biu kin ca phng 70 ch:
S
70 tt
=
1 , 1794
85 , 0
1525
cos
70

P
VA
Dng nh mc ca phng 70 ch
do ti tiu th ca l ti 1 pha nn U
dm
=220 V
I

220
1 , 1794
70
7
dm
tt
dm
U
S
8,155A
Ta chn CB 1P NF32-CS vi nh mc l 10A.
Tra bng 8.15/55 ti liu 1 dy in bc PVC loi dy ng li mm nhiu si ta chn
dy c tit din1mm
2
s si 32/0,2 (n/mm)
4.2 Chn CB cho ging ng 200 ch:
Cng sut tiu th : P
200
=2166,4W
S
tt
=
7 , 2548
85 , 0
4 , 2166
cos
200

P
VA
dm
=220 V
I

220
7 , 2548
7
dm
tt
dm
U
S
11,58A
Tra bng 8.15/55 ti liu 1 dy in bc PVC loi dy ng li mm nhiu si ta chn
Chn dy c tit din 1,5 mm
2
c s si l 30/0,25 (n/mm)
4.3 Chn CB cho ging ng 300 ch:
Cng sut tiu th : P
300
=4824W
S
tt
=
3 , 5675
85 , 0
4824
cos
300

P
VA
dm
=220 V
I

220
3 , 5675
dm
tt
dm
U
S
25,A
Ta chn dy in bc nha PVC loi dy ng li mm nhiu si c tit din S=2,5 mm
2
s si 50/0,25 mm
4.4 chon CB cho cc phng hnh chnh tng trt
Chn dy dn cho cc phng :
Theo l thuyt th mi phngc cng sut khc nhau s cn mt c dy khc nhau. Vic
chn tng c dy ring cho tng phng nh vy c u im l tit kim c chi ph dy
dn, nhng li rt phc tp cho vic mua dy cng nh i dy, s phc tp ny nhiu khi
cng rt tn km. V vy, ta c th chn mt c dy. tnh chn dy cho phng c cng
sut ln nht v dng chung cho tt c cc phng cn li .
Tra bng 8.15/55 theo ti liu 1 ta chn dy c tit din l 2,5 mm
2
Cng sut s dng cc cm thng khng c nh, khng bit trc chc chn, v i
khi c hai hay nhiu thit b s dng chung mt cm, do , bm bo, ngi dng
nn chn dy cho cm hn mt cp so vi c dy d nh dng chung cho tt c cc
thit b.
CHNG V TNH TON TIP A CHO TA NH
1) TNG QUANG V ST
I - St v qu trnh phng in ca st
St l s phng in trong kh quyn gia cc m my v mt t hay gia cc
m my tch in vi nhau.
S phng in ca st chia lm 3 giai on:
S phng in gia m my v mt t bt u bng s xut hin mt dng sng
pht trin xung mt t theo tng t vi tc 100 1000 km/gy. Dng ny
stt Tn phng Cng sut ti P
(W)
Cng sut tnh
ton S (VA)
in p
(V)
Dng
nh
mc (A)
Loi CB (A)
1 Phng hnh
chnh
4937,6 5808,94 220 25 NF63-CS
(25A)
2 Phng o to 6217,6 7314,8 220 33,2 NF63-CS
(35A)
3 Phng qun l
trang thit b
3635,2 4276,7 220 19,4 NF63-CS
(20A)
4 Phng ti chnh
k ton
3635,2 4276,7 220 19,4 NF63-CS
(20A)
5 Phng cng tc
hs-sv
4680 5505,9 220 25 NF63-CS
(25)
6 Phng qung l
KHCN
3635,2 4276,7 220 19,4 NF63-CS
(20A)
7 Phng o to
thng xuyn
3635,2 4276,7 220 19,4 NF63-CS
(20A)
mang phn ln in tch ca m my, to trn u cc ca n in th hng triu
vn. Giai on ny gi l giai n phng tia tin o.
Khi dng tin o va pht trin xung mt tth gia on th hai bt u, l
giai on phng in ch o ca st. Trong giai on ny cc in tch dng
pha di mt tdi chuyn t hng mt t theo tia tin o vi tc ln
(6.10
4
10
5
km/gy) chy ln trung ha cc in tch m ca dng tin o. S
phng in ch yu c c trng bi dng in ln gi l dng in st v s
le sang (chp) mnh lit ca dng phng in. Khng kh trong vng c t
nng n hng vn v gin n rt nhanh to thnh dng m thanh (sm).
giai on phng in th ba s kt thc s di chuyn in tch ca cc m my,
qu trnh phng in v le sang dn dn bin mt.
II - tc hi ca st
t vn st l hin tng t nhin, c th gy ra thit hi ln cho ngi v kinh
t. Vic nghin cu tc hi v lm gim thiu tc hi do st gy ra c s quan tm ca
rt nhiu nh khoa hc, c bit lnh vc in.
Vi c th ring, hu ht cc cng trnh gm ng dy v trm bin p u
c xy dng ngoi tri, kt cu bng kim loi v c chiu cao ln, l mt trong nhng
nguy him tng nguy c tim tang gy ra s c bt kh khng do st. St nh vo ng
dy gy v s v t dy, ng thi lan truyn vo trm bin p gy hng hc cc thit b
ch yu l my bin p, lm gim on cung cp in v thit hi v kinh t do sa cha,
ngng tr trong sn xut v nh hng ti sinh hot ca con ngi.
Cc thit b in, ng dy ti din, s b h hng do b qu in p thin
nhin (st nh trc tip hay gin tip). Trong tc hi ca st nh trc tip l nguy
him nht. Do phi c thit b bo v trnh b st nh trc tip v gin tip.
III - Gii php phng chng st
V vy vic nghin cu la chn v p dng nhng bin php hn ch tc hi
ca sti vi tng khu vc, tng i tng c th sao cho m bo v kinh t v k
thut l rt cn thit khng ch ring ngnh in m cn vi cc ngnh khc.
Hin nay chng ta s dng ph bin cc kiu chng st l:
+ i vi cc cng trnh kin trc kin trc lp t cc kim thu st (c thu li).
+ i vi cc cng rnh in (ng dy v trm bin p) th s dng ng dy
chng st v cc chng st van.
III.1. Thut ng v nh ngha:
H thng chng st: ton b h thng dy dn c s dng bo v cc cng
trnh khi s tc ng ca st.
B phn thu st: mt b phn ca h thng chng st nhm mc ch hu ht st
nh vo.
Mng ni t: mt b phn ca h thng chng st nhm tiu tn dng in
xung t.
Dy dn: b phn hoc nhm cc b phn dn in c tip xc vi t v c th
truyn dng in xung t.
Cc ni t mch vng: cc ni t to ra vng khp kn xung quanh cng trnh
trn hoc di b mt t, hoc pha di ngay trong mng ca cng trnh.
Vng bo v: th tch m trong mt dy dn st to ra kh nng chng st
nh thng bng cch thu ht st nh vo n.
III.2. Chc nng ca h thng chng st:
Chc nng ca h thng thu v dn st l thu ht st nh vo n ri lan truyn
dng din do st to ra xung t mt cch an ton, trnh st nh vo cc kt cu cn
c bo v ca cng trnh. Phm vi h thng thu v dn st khng c nh nhng c th
coi l mt hm ca mc tiu tn dng din st.
III.3. Kch thc:
Kch thc cc b phn to thnh h thng st cn m bo cc yu cu trong
bng II-1 v bng II-2 . dy cc tm kim loi trn mi nh v to thnh mt phn h
thng chng st cn bo m yu cu trong bng II-3
Bng II-1. Vt liu, cu to v tit din ti thiu ca kim thu st, dy dn st,
dy xung v cc chn su di mt t.
2) CC PHNG PHP CHNG ST
3)CHN H THNG CHNG ST HIN I CHO TA NH
3.1 H thng ni t chng st cho ta nh
Cc thng s ban u : in tr ni t: R
10
nd

Ta nh 7 tng c xy trn nn t thnh ph H CH MINH nn thuc loi t ph sa
m
dt
100 20
- gi s ti thi im o
m
dt
50
- h s iu chnh theo iu kin kh hu
Loi ni t Loi in cc chn
su(m)
H s ma K
m
( t
kh)
Ni t chng st Coc thng
ng
0,8 1,5
Chn coc ni t
- Coc tip t l coc thp m ng c ng knh d=20mm, coc di 3 m , chn
coc t
m 8 , 0
0
. khong cch gia hai coc gn nhau L=6 m

- Dy ni cc coc tip t l dy ng c tit din 70mm
2
.
Ta tin hnh tnh ton :
in tr tn xoay chiu ca mt coc:
R
,
_
+
+
1 4
1 4
ln
2
2
ln
2
~
t
t l
d
l
L
c

Trong : l l chiu di ca coc ni t (m) ; l=3 m
d: dng knh cc tip t (m) ; d=20mm=0,02 m
t: chn su cc tnh t gia cc (m)
t = t
0
+ 3 , 2
2
3
8 , 0
2
+
l
m
P
m P K
do m tt
70 50 . 4 , 1 .
R
,
_
+
+
1 4
1 4
ln
2
2
ln
2
~
t
t l
d
l
L
c
=

,
_
+
+ 18 , 21
3 3 , 2 . 4
3 3 , 2 . 4
ln
2
1
02 , 0
3 . 2
ln
3 2
70
in tr tn xung kch : R
c xk xk
R
~
.
Trong :
xk
: h s xung kch ca cc
R c ~ :in tr xoay chiu ca mt cc
R
xk
: in tr xung kch ca cc
Gi s dng st I
20
s
KA
xk
=0,7
R
xk
=
xk
. R
c ~
=0,7.21,18= 14,82
H thng ni t c n cc ging nhau ( b qua in tr dy ni dt gia chng ) ghp
song song v cch nhau mt on L th in tr xung kch t hp c tnh theo cng
thc sau:
R
nd
xk
xk
R
k x n
R

. . .
R
xk
: in tr xung kch ca cc
n
xk
: h s xung kch ca t hp
c lng s b s cc cn dng : N=
4 , 1
10
82 , 14

nd
xk
R
R
8
Gi s h thng ni t c hai cc ni t , dy ni t gia chng c in tr khng
ng k, ta c cc thng s sau: n=2 ; R
xk
=14,28 , t s 2
3
6

l
L
H s s dng xung cc n
xk
=0,8
in tr ni t R
< 10 62 , 9
8 , 0 . 2
82 , 14
xk n
R
xd
nd
Vy s cc cn s dng l 2 cc

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N CUNG CP IN GVHD: TRN TH THANH L

Tp. H Ch Minh , ngy .., thng..., nm 20

SVTH : PHAN H LC PHM HONG LONG Page 4

Tp. H Ch Minh , ngy .., thng..., nm 20

ty theo loi bng n.

l quang thng tng ca cc b n

SVTH : PHAN H LC PHM HONG LONG Page 10

2.11. Phn b cc b n da trn cc yu t:

SVTH : PHAN H LC PHM HONG LONG Page 14

Din tch S=102,4

Kim tra d ri trung bnh

Kim tra d ri trung bnh

Cng sut phn khng

c xc nh theo cng thc

Cng sut biu kin :

: hiu sut ca thit b

u im ca phng n ny l cho kt qu c chnh xc kh cao v khi

Trong trng hp ny ta chn h s k

theo tiu chun xy dng tiue6 chun thit k

theo mng in quc gia l 0.85. ta tin hnh lp bng s liu

theo mng in quc gia l 0.85. ta tin hnh lp bng s liu

1 n hunh quang 32 32.36=1152 1 1152

1 n hunh quang 32 32.36=1152 1 1152

1 n hunh quang 16 16.36=576 1 576

1 n hunh quang 16 30.36=1080 1 1080 0,6

1 n hunh quang 16 16.36=576 1 576

1 n hunh quang 16 16.36=576 1 576

1 n hunh quang 16 16.36=576 1 576

Tm li tng cng sut tng trt l :

: thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht

thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht : 3411 gi

-M t, my lnh, t lnh, chiller: 0.8

-M t, my lnh, t lnh, chiller: 0.8

trn ta chn h s cos

S NGUYN L TRM BIN P

( tra bng H1-15 trang H1-26 ti liu 3)

( tra bng H1-15 trang H1-26 ti liu 3)

( tra bng H1-15 trang H1-26 ti liu 3)

. khong cch gia hai coc gn nhau L=6 m

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