Mc lc I GII THIU CHUNG V MNG TRUYN HNH CP. .3 I.1 Cc h thng truyn hnh cp trn th gii.........................3 I.

I.2 - Cc thnh phn ca h thng truyn hnh cp....................4 I.3 - Truyn dn tn hiu trn mng truyn hnh cp.................7
I.3.1 - Truyn dn tn hiu tng t.....................................................................9 I.3.2 - Truyn dn tn hiu s.............................................................................10

I.4 - Mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh cp..........................11

I.4.1 - Mng ton cp ng trc.........................................................................11 I.4.2 - Mng lai HFC (Hybrid Fiber/Coaxial)....................................................12 I.4.3 - Mng c cu trc kt hp cp quang v cp xon ng...........................15 I.4.4 - Mng ton cp quang..............................................................................16

I.5 - Cc tc ng nh hng n h thng...............................16

I.5.1 - Duy tr p ng tn s bin ................................................................18 I.5.2 - Tr nhm ca tn hiu khi i qua h thng cp........................................18 I.5.3 - Phn hi ca h thng.............................................................................18 I.5.4 - Nhiu pha................................................................................................19 I.5.5 - Mo khuch i v nh hng ca chng................................................19 I.5.6 - nh hng ca nhiu do cc tn s radio gy ra ....................................19

I.6 - H thng qun l thu bao v tnh cc..............................20 I.7 - Kh nng dung lng cao ca h thng cp......................22
I.7.1 - K thut nn video s...........................................................................22 I.7.2 - Video On Demand v Near Video On Demand.......................................23

II - TRUYN S LIU TRN MNG TRUYN HNH CP ........................................................................................................24 II.1 - Gii thiu ............................................................................25 II.2 - Phn b tn s trong h thng cp....................................26 II.3 - Lu lng knh...................................................................26 III - THIT K H THNG CP HU TUYN...................27 III.1 S thit k h thng.....................................................27
III.1.1 S tng qut ca mt mng cp a dch v.....................................27 III.1.2 S khi ti Headend /Hub...............................................................28 III.1.3 Cc thit b trung tm h thng truyn hnh cp hai chiu...................29 III.1.5 Kt ni h thng (Distribution Center).................................................30

III.2 Cu hnh thit b...............................................................31

III.2.1 CMTS router........................................................................................31 III.2.2 - CMTS...................................................................................................33 III.2.3 Cable modem.......................................................................................34 III.2.4 Setop box.............................................................................................35

IV M hnh thit b ca hng Syspol Indonexia.....................35

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VI.1 Cc thit b c s dng:......................................................................35 VI.2 c im h thng..................................................................................36

V H thng truyn hnh cp H Tnh......................................37

c im:......................................................................................................37 V.1 - La chn cng ngh:.................................................................................37 V.2 Thit b trin khai trong giai on 1 (Ti liu tham kho km theo)........38 V.3 Trin khai thit b cho h thng cp hai chiu..........................................38 V.3.1 Thit k h thng...............................................................................38 V.3.2 Yu cu dch v.................................................................................38 V.3.3 Thit b..............................................................................................39 V.3.4 Cc phn mm iu khin..................................................................41

VI Mt s chun truyn d liu...............................................42

VI.1 - Gii thiu chung v chun MPEG...........................................................42

VII Ph lc.................................................................................42
VII.1 - Telcordia IGCS (Ver2.3)........................................................................42 VII.2 Cisco AS5400........................................................................................44 VII.3 Cisco MGX 8000 Series .......................................................................45 VII.4 Samsung SCM 220U.............................................................................47 VII.5 Innomedia EMTA 3528.........................................................................48 VII.6 DV6000.................................................................................................50

MNG TRUYN HNH CP HU TUYN

I GII THIU CHUNG V MNG TRUYN HNH CP I.1 Cc h thng truyn hnh cp trn th gii
H thng truyn hnh cp xut hin vo nhng nm cui ca thp nin 40. Cc h thng ny c gi l truyn hnh ng ten chung hay CATV (community antenna telivision). Mc tiu ban u ca truyn hnh cp l phn pht cc chng trnh qung b ti nhng khu vc do cc iu kin kh khn v a hnh khng th thu c bng cc ng ten thng thng, gi l vng lm sng. Ni n truyn hnh cp c hai loi l truyn hnh cp v tuyn v truyn hnh cp hu tuyn. Truyn hnh cp v tuyn MMDS (Multiprogram Multipoint Distribution System) s dng mi trng truyn sng l sng viba ti di tn 900Mhz. Tuy trin khai mng MMDS rt n gin do ch dng angten m khng cn ko cp n tng nh nhng n c rt nhiu nhc im: Hn ch vng ph sng: do s dng di tn 900Mhz, MMDS i hi angten thu v pht phi nhn thy nhau. V vy vi nhng h gia nh sau cc vt cn ln nh cc ta nh th khng th thc hin c. Chu nh hng mnh bi nhiu cng nghip: do s dng phng thc iu ch tn hiu truyn hnh tng t khng c kh nng chng li, li truyn bng sng v tuyn, tn hiu MMDS b nh hng rt mnh bi cc ngun nhiu cng nghip. Chu nh hng bi thi tit: khi thi tit xu, v d nh ma to, sttn hiu MMDS v tuyn b suy hao rt ln trong khng gian, dn n gim mnh cht lng tn hiu hnh nh. Yu cu di tn s v tuyn qu ln: mi knh truyn hnh cn mt di tn l 8Mhz, nu mun cung cp 13 knh truyn hnh th cn mt di thng l 13 X 8= 104 MHz. y l mt di tn v tuyn ln trong khi ngun ti nguyn v tuyn l rt qu gi. Gy can nhiu cho cc i pht v tuyn khc: mc d c phn phi mt di tn ring, nhng my pht MMDS cng nh cc my pht v tuyn khc lun sinh ra cc tn s hi bc cao c th nh hng n cc trm pht sng v tuyn khc. Kh khn trong vic cung cp dch v truyn hnh s: Khng th cung cp cc dch v hai chiu:

Chnh v nhng kh khn trn, MMDS khng c pht trin mt cch rng ri. Truyn hnh cp hu tuyn l h thng m tn hiu truyn hnh c dn thng t trung tm chng trnh n h dn bng mt si cp (cp ng trc, cp quang hoc cp xon). Nh ngi dn c th c xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh cht lng cao m khng phi s dng cc ct angten. V gc k thut truyn hnh cp hu tuyn c nhng u im vt tri so vi cc h thng truyn hnh khc: t chu nh hng ca nhiu cng nghip: Tn hiu truyn hnh cp hu tuyn c dn n thu bao qua cc si cp quang hoc ng trc. Cc si cp ny c kh nng chng nhiu cng nghip cao hn gp nhiu ln so vi tn hiu v tuyn, v th s hn ch ti a nhiu cng nghip, m bo cht lng cho tn hiu. Khng b nh hng ca thi tit: Cc chng trnh truyn hnh trn cp s khng chu nh hng ca thi tit do kh nng cch ly v chng nhiu tt ca cp. Khng chim dng ph tn s v tuyn: l mt mng thng tin hu tuyn ring bit, mng truyn hnh cp c xy dng s cho php cung cp hng chc chng trnh truyn hnh m khng chim dng cng nh nh hng n ph tn s v tuyn cht chi, iu ny cng tr nn qu gi khi cng ngy cc i pht thanh truyn hnh mt t cng tng s lng chng trnh pht sng. Khng gy can nhiu cho cc trm pht sng nghip v khc: Cc tn hiu truyn trn cc si cp c cch ly v chng nhiu tt s khng gy ra nhiu v tuyn cho cc trm pht v tuyn khc. C kh nng cung cp tt dch v truyn hnh s v cc dch v hai chiu khc: Di thng ln ca mng truyn hnh cp hu tuyn s cho php khng ch cung cp cc dch v truyn hnh tng t m cn cho php cung cp nhiu cc chng trnh truyn hnh s, truyn hnh tng tc v c bit l kh nng cung cp cc dch v vin thng hai chiu, truy cp Internet, truyn s liu tc cao m mt mng vin thng cng kh m t c.

I.2 - Cc thnh phn ca h thng truyn hnh cp

Mng phn phi Mng truyn b H thng thit hnh cp hu tuyn bao gm 3 thnh phn chnh: H thng thit tn hiu trung tm b ti trung tm, h thng mng phn phi tn hiu v thit b thu Thit b thu bao bao. (Headend System) (Customer System)
(Distribution Network)

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Hnh 2.1: S khi h thng truyn hnh cp hu tuyn

H thng thit b trung tm (Headend System): l ni cung cp, qun l chng trnh cho h thng mng truyn hnh cp. y cng chnh l ni thu thp cc thng tin gim st trng thi, kim tra hot ng mng v cung cp cc tn hiu iu khin mng. Ngoi kh nng cung cp cc dch v tng tc, truyn s liu, h thng thit b trung tm cn c thm cc nhim v nh: m ha tn hiu qun l truy nhp, tnh cc truy nhp, giao tip vi cc h thng mng vin thng nh mng Internet Mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh cp l mi trng truyn dn tn hiu t trung tm mng n cc thu bao. Mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh cp hu tuyn c nhim v nhn tn hiu ra t cc thit b trung tm, iu ch, khuch i v truyn vo mng cp, cc thit b khc trong mng c nhim v khuch i, cp ngun v phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh n tn thit b ca thu bao. H thng mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh cp l b phn quyt nh n cht lng dch v, khong cch phc v, s lng thu bao v kh nng m rng v nng cp mng. Cp ng trc c s dng rng ri trong vic phn phi cc chng trnh truyn hnh. ng knh chun ca cp l 0.5; 0.75; 0.875 v 1 Inch. Tr khng c tnh ca cp l 75. Tn hiu s b suy gim khi truyn theo chiu di ca cp. Lng suy gim ph thuc vo ng knh cp, tn s tn hiu, h s sng ng v nhit . c th phn phi c tn hiu i xa, trn ng truyn ngi ta s dng cc b khuch i b li s suy hao, cc b khuch i ny ng vai tr quan trng khi thit k h thng. Mi b khuch i cn cha mt b n nh b li s suy gim cc tn s khc nhau. Trong truyn hnh cp thng s dng b khuch i cu. Vi tr khng vo ln, tn hiu t ng trung chuyn c th c ly ra m khng nh hng n

cht lng ca ton b knh truyn. Yu cu i vi mt b khuch i n nh l rt nghim ngt, do c s tch ly suy hao ca rt nhiu thnh phn mc ni tip: Chng phi lm vic c trn mt phm vi di tn s rng, h s khuch i phi t c gi tr thch hp ti cc min tn s cao. B n nh c kh nng b li suy gim theo tn s mt cch tha ng. B khuch i c c tuyn tuyn tnh cao, trnh xuyn m v to ra cc tn s gia cc knh. T ng iu chnh h s khuch i va c tuyn tn s b li s thay i do nhit . T s gia tn hiu trn nhiu ca mt b khuch i ring phi cao chng c mc nhiu tng ca cc b khuch i.

Cc mch khuch i ng dy chia ng trc ra thnh nhiu on c chiu di khc nhau v suy gim ti tn s cao nht bng h s khuch i ca b khuch i. B n nh c cng thm vo nhm lm gim khuch i tn s thp hn v tn s cng cao suy gim cng ln. Nh vy khuch i ca mi on trung chuyn gm c b khuch i n nh l 0 dB. Mt h thng cp c nhiu tng khuch i c mc ni tip. S thay i h s khuch i hay c tuyn tn s ca mt thnh phn s gy ra s thay i ln ca ton h thng. duy tr s n nh ca h s khuch i v c tuyn tn s, mt tn hiu pilot c cng vo u v cui mi di bng tn. Cc tn hiu ny s l cc tn hiu chun theo cc tham s ca c tuyn tn s v h s khuch i c duy tr n nh. Thit b ti thu bao: Vi mt mng truyn hnh cp s dng cng ngh tng t, thit b ti thu bao c th ch l mt my thu hnh, thu tn hiu t mng phn phi tn hiu. Vi mng truyn hnh cp s dng cng ngh hin i hn, thit b thu bao gm cc b chia tn hiu, cc u thu tn hiu truyn hnh (Set-top-box) v cc modem cp Cc thit b ny c nhim v thu tn hiu v a n tivi v cc my tnh thu bao s dng cc dch v ca mng: chng trnh tivi, truy nhp Internet, truyn d liu

I.3 - Truyn dn tn hiu trn mng truyn hnh cp

Tn hiu cung cp cho h thng truyn hnh cp c ly t nhiu ngun khc nhau: t h thng truyn hnh qung b mt t, t v tinh, t vi ba hoc c cung cp trc tip t b phn sn xut chng trnh. Tt c cc tn hiu trc khi truyn vo mng cp phn phi c x l theo s khi di y:

Data

Baseban Baseban d d Physical Physical Interfac Clock Interfac eeand and Syn Syn

Energy Energy Dispersal Dispersal

Outer Outer Coding Coding

Interleaver Interleaver I=12 I=12

Cable Network

QAM Modulator QAM Modulator IE Physical IE Physical Interface Interface

Waveform Waveform Shaping Shaping

Qu trnh x l tn hiu
u tin, cc tn hiu truyn hnh nhiu dng iu ch khc nhau c gii iu ch, gii m a v m c s. Cc tn hiu ny cng cc byte ng b c chuyn thnh nh dng khung chun chun MPEG-2. Theo chun MPEG-2 th dng d liu video c chia thnh cc gi tin c kch thc 188 bytes, trong c 1 byte ng b v 187 bytes thng tin. Khi Out Coding c nhim v to thm cc thng tin sa li cho cc gi tin, thng s dng m Read-Solomon. Khi s dng m sa sai Reed-Solomon vi T=8 th mi gi tin c thm vo 16 bytes sa li v n c kh nng sa c 8 bytes li trong mi gi tin. Nh vy kch thc ca mi gi bao gm c phn sa li l 28-1= 255 bytes, trong phn mang tin l 255-16=239 bytes, nhng kch thc ca mt gi tin video ch c 188 bytes cho nn trc khi vo b m ha mi

gi tin c thm vo 51 bytes c t gi tr ton bng 0. Sau khi m ha xong 51 bytes ny li b loi b, nh vy sau m ha kch thc mi gi tin video l 204 bytes. Do m sa sai Reed-Solomon cng ch sa c cc li ri rc ln tip theo dng bt c ghp xen hn ch kh nng sai, li mt dy bt lin tip gy kh khn cho vic sa li u thu. S nguyn l chung ca vic ghp xen ngoi vi su l=12 c minh ha trong hnh v di y: B ghp gm 12 nhnh, c kt ni theo kiu vng vi cc byte s liu bng chuyn mch u vo. Mi nhnh j s l mt thanh ghi dch First in-First out, vi j x M nh. Trong : M = 17 = N/I, N = 204 byte, mi ca thanh ghi dch cha mt byte. Trong trng hp ny l ghp xen cc bytes vi nhau, chu k ghp xen ng bng 204.

Hnh 2.3: S nguyn l ca b ghp v tch ngoi Khi Baseband Shaping c nhim v chia dng tn hiu thnh hai tn hiu I v Q (In-phase, Quadrature phase) tin hnh iu ch QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation). Sau cng, tn hiu c iu ch ny c a vo mng cp truyn dn chuyn n thu bao. Truyn hnh cp s dng cc knh truyn nm trong phm vi di thng cn di ca bng UHF. Cc knh truyn hnh cp c chia thnh cc bng VHF thp, VHF gia, VHF cao v siu bng (superband). Cn c vo di thng hay s lng knh m h thng c th phc v ngi ta chia lm cc h thng nh va hay ln. Bng di y ch ra mt cch phn chia cc h thng:

Di thng Small 170 MHz

Phm vi tn s hot ng 50 MHz- 220MHz

220 MHz Medium 280 MHz 350 MHz 400 MHz 500 MHz Large 700 MHz 950 MHz

50 MHz- 270MHz 50 MHz- 330MHz 50 MHz- 400MHz 50 MHz- 450MHz 50 MHz- 550MHz 50 MHz- 750MHz 50 MHz- 1000MHz

Phn loi cc h thng truyn hnh cp Ton b di thng ca h thng c chia thnh cc knh v tuyn c kch thc 8 Mhz theo tiu chun ca Chu u hoc 6 Mhz theo tiu chun Bc M. S d c hai cch chia l cho mi knh c th mang c mt knh truyn hnh tng t, m Chu u th truyn hnh tng t theo tiu chun PAL c di thng 8 MHz cn Bc M v Nht Bn truyn hnh tng t theo tiu chun NTSC c di thng l 6 Mhz. Tt nhin trong mi knh ny c th truyn mt knh truyn hnh tng t hoc nhiu knh truyn hnh s.

I.3.1 - Truyn dn tn hiu tng t

Di thng cn thit truyn mt knh truyn hnh tng t theo tiu chun PAL l 8MHz, ng bng di thng mt knh trong h thng knh ca truyn hnh cp. Truyn dn tn hiu truyn hnh tng t trn mng c u im l gim chi ph thu bao. thu c tn hiu truyn hnh tng t, thu bao ch cn mt my thu bnh thng, ni ng cp vi u ni angten v iu chnh my thu ca mnh thu di tn ca knh c pht. Nh vy cc thu bao khng phi u t thit b ban u khi lp t truyn hnh cp. Tuy nhin, cc h thng truyn hnh cp hu tuyn tng t c mt s nhc im sau: Trong thc t, cc b lc thng di trong cc thit b iu ch tn hiu truyn hnh cp tng t khng t c c tuyn l tng, dn n tn hiu ca mt knh chng trnh ny vn gy nhiu sang cc knh lin k, dn n gim cht lng hnh nh khi pht nhiu knh chng trnh. Do kh nng chng nhiu ca phng thc iu ch tn hiu tng t km nn nhiu tc ng vo tn hiu trn ng truyn s khng th loi b c my thu, dn n gim cht lng tn hiu.

 Khng th thc hin cc dch v truyn hnh tng tc, truyn hnh phn gii cao (HDTV).

I.3.2 - Truyn dn tn hiu s

S pht trin ca k thut s v cng ngh thng tin, cng to ra cuc cch mng thc s trong k thut pht thanh truyn hnh, l s ra i cc chun truyn dn truyn hnh s. S ra i ca cc chun truyn dn truyn hnh s to ra nhng u im vt tri so vi cc chun truyn dn v pht tn hiu truyn hnh tng t: Kh nng chng nhiu cao: Qu trnh iu ch tn hiu truyn hnh s bao gm vic xo trn d liu (bit-Interleaving, byte-Interleaving), cc khu ny gip cho kh nng: khi c nhiu ng truyn tc ng vo cc nhm bt hoc nhm byte, do cc bt trong nhm b li khng nm cnh nhau thc s trong lung thng tin, dn n s lng bit b li trong mt nhm bit thng tin thc t rt t, iu ny lm cho nh hng ca nhiu gim xung rt nhiu so vi cc tn hiu truyn hnh tng t. C kh nng pht hin v sa li: phng php m ha bt c bit (m ha Reed-Solomon, m ha vng xon- Veterbi), v kh nng ghp thm cc bt pht hin li bt v t sa i trc khi truyn tn hiu truyn hnh s lm cho cc dng bit tn hiu truyn hnh s c th t pht hin v sa i, iu ny tn hiu truyn hnh tng t khng th lm c. Cht lng chng trnh trung thc: Do c kh nng chng nhiu, pht hin v t sa li tt, ti pha thu tn hiu truyn hnh s s c khi phc hon ton, gip cho hnh nh pha thu hon ton trung thc nh pha pht. Tit kim ph tn v kinh ph u t: Bng cch s dng cng ngh nn tn hiu MPEG-2 v phng thc iu ch tn hiu s c mc iu ch cao (QPSK,QAM,16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM), di tn 8Mhz ca mt knh truyn hnh tng t h PAL c th ti c 4-8 chng trnh truyn hnh s vi cht lng cao, iu ny nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn tn s v tit kim cho ph u t cng nh chi ph vn hnh bo dng thit b khi mun pht nhiu chng trnh. Kh nng thc hin truyn hnh tng tc, truyn s liu v truy nhp Internet: truyn hnh s ra i m ra mt la chn mi cho vic truyn s liu v Internet. Vic truyn s liu km theo cc chng trnh truyn hnh cho php thc hin d dng cc dch v truyn hnh tng tc (truyn hnh

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theo yu cu VOD, Web TV) nh cc knh d liu iu khin t hng thu bao n cc nh cung cp dch v.

I.4 - Mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh cp

C nhiu phng n thit lp mt mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh cp hu tuyn:
Mng c cu trc hon ton cp ng trc. Mng c cu trc lai gia cp quang v cp ng trc HFC (Hybrid Fiber/Coaxial) Mng c cu trc kt hp gia cp quang v cp ng xon. Mng c cu trc hon ton cp quang.

I.4.1 - Mng ton cp ng trc

Mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh cp ng trc c cu hnh ch yu l hnh cy. H thng mng truyn dn bao gm cc thn cp chnh (trunk), cc nhnh cp ph r ra t cc thn cp chnh (feeder) v phn cp kt ni t cp nhnh n thu bao h gia nh (drop). Cc thn cp chnh (trunk) truyn dn tn hiu, khuch i v phn chia tn hiu ra cc cp nhnh (feeder) bng cc thit b chia tn hiu (Splitter). Tn hiu a n thu bao c trch ra t cc cp nhnh nh b trch tn hiu (tap) v truyn n thu bao qua cc cp thu bao. Headend

Thn cp chnh (trunk) Cp nhnh (feeder) Cp dn n thu bao (drop) B khuch i

B trch tn hiu (tap) Thu bao truyn hnh cp Ngun cp cho b khuch i B chia tn hiu (splitter)

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Mng phn phi cp ng trc hnh cy

Trn ng i ca tn hiu, cc b khuch i tn hiu c t cc khong cch ph hp khi phc tn hiu b suy hao. Cc b khuch i c cp ngun nh cc b cp ngun t ri rc trn ng i ca cp, cc b ngun ny ly tn hiu t mng in s ti. Cc b khuch i xa ngun c cp ngun cng chnh bng si cp ng trc dng n cc b khuch i, dng mt chiu s c tch ring cp ngun cho b khuch i. Do truyn dn tn hiu bng cp ng trc c suy hao rt ln, dn n cn phi t nhiu b khuch i tn hiu trn ng truyn, dn n cc chi ph khc km theo: ngun cp cho b khuch i, cng sut tiu th ca mng tng ln. Do s dng cc b khuch i tn hiu b suy hao cp, nhiu ng truyn tc ng vo tn hiu v nhiu ni b ca b khuch i c loi b khng ht v tch t trn ng truyn, nn cng xa trung tm cht lng tn hiu cng gim, dn n hn ch bn knh phc v.

I.4.2 - Mng lai HFC (Hybrid Fiber/Coaxial)

Mng truyn hnh cp hu tuyn kt hp cp quang v cp ng trc HFC (Hybrid Fiber/Coaxial) s dng ng thi cp quang v cp ng trc truyn dn tn hiu. Vic truyn tn hiu t trung tm n cc nt quang l cp quang, cn t cc nt quang n cc thu bao l cp ng trc. S dng cp quang truyn dn tn hiu, mng HFC s tn dng c cc u im vt tri ca cp quang so vi cc phng tin truyn dn khc: di thng cc ln, suy hao tn hiu rt thp, t b nhiu in t, chng lo ha v n mn ha hc tt. Cc si quang sn xut vi cng ngh hin i hin nay cho php truyn cc tn hiu c tn s ln n hng trm Tetra Hezt (10 14 1015 Hz). y l di thng tn hiu v cng ln, c th p ng mi yu cu di thng ng truyn m khng phng tin truyn dn no c th c c. Tn hiu quang truyn trn si quang hin nay ch yu nm trong hai ca s bc sng quang l 1310nm v 1550nm. y l hai ca s c suy hao tn hiu rt nh: 0,3dB/Km vi bc sng 1310nm v 0,2 dB/Km vi bc sng 1550nm. iu ny cho thy vi bc sng 1550nm, nng lng tn hiu quang ch b suy hao 0,2dB khu truyn trn 1 Km, trong khi vi mt si cp ng trc loi c suy hao thp nht cng phi mt 43 dB/Km ti tn s 1Ghz.

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Tn hiu truyn trn si cp l tn hiu quang, v vy khng b nh hng bi cc nhiu in t t mi trng, dn n m bo c cht lng tn hiu trn ng truyn. c ch to t cc cht trung tnh l plastic v thy tinh, cc si quang l cc vt liu khng b n mn ha hc v th tui th ca si quang cao.

Primary HUB Headend Primary HUB Primary HUB

Secondary HUB Secondary HUB

Thn cp chnh (trunk) Cp nhnh (feeder) Cp dn n thu bao (drop) B khuch i

B trch tn hiu (tap) Thu bao truyn hnh cp Ngun cp cho b khuch i B chia tn hiu (splitter)

Hnh 2.5: Mng truyn dn tn hiu cp quang lai cp ng trc HFC

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Mng HFC bao gm ba mng con l mng truyn dn (Transport segment), mng phn phi (Distribution segment) v mng truy nhp (Access segment). Mng truyn dn (Transport segment) bao gm mt h thng cp quang v cc hub s cp, nhim v ca n l truyn dn tn hiu t Headend n cc khu vc xa. Cc hub s cp c chc nng thu/ pht quang t/ ti cc nt quang v chuyn tip tn hiu quang ti cc hub khc. Mng phn phi (Distribution segment) bao gm h thng cp quang, cc hub th cp v cc nt quang. Tn hiu thu quang t cc hub s c chuyn thnh tn hiu in ti cc nt quang truyn n thu bao. Ngc li trong trng hp mng hai chiu, tn hiu t mng truy nhp (Access segment) s c thu li nt quang v truyn n cc hub. Mng truy nhp (Access segment) bao gm cc ng cp ng trc ni t cc hub th cp n cc thit b thu ca thu bao. Ngi ta chia ra lm hai loi mng truy nhp ng trc l mng truy nhp ng trc tch cc v mng truy nhp ng trc th ng. Mng truy nhp ng trc tch cc l mng m trong c cha cc b khuch i tn hiu, cc b khuch i ny u tch hp cc phn t tch cc. Mng truy nhp ng trc th ng l mng m khng cha bt k mt phn t tch cc no. Theo kinh nghim ca cc nh iu hnh mng cp Chu u v Chu M, trc trc ca mng truyn hnh cp phn ln xy ra do cc b khuch i v cc tht b ghp ngun cho chng. Cc thit b ny nm ri rc trn mng, v th vic nh v sa cha v khc phc chng thng thng khng th thc hin nhanh c, v th nh hng n cht lng phc v ca mng. Vi mng truy nhp ng trc tch cc, khi cung cp dch v hai chiu, cc b khuch i cn tch hp phn t khuch i tn hiu cho cc tn hiu ngc dng, tc l s lng phn t tch cc ca mng tng ln dn n n nh ca mng cng gim. Hin nay xu hng trn th gii ang chuyn dn sang s dng mng truy nhp th ng, ti khng s dng bt k mt thit b tch cc no, tc l b khuch i cao tn s khng c s dng m ch c cc b chia tn hiu, cc b ghp hng v cc b trch tn hiu th ng. Mt mng HFC ch s dng cc tht b cao tn th ng c gi l mng HFC th ng HFPC (Hybrid Fiber/Passive Coaxial). S dng mng truy nhp th ng hon ton s to ra nhng u im ln sau: - Do khng s dng cc b khuch i tn hiu m hon ton ch s dng cc thit b th ng cho nn tn hiu n thu bao s khng nh hng ca nhiu tch t do cc b khuch i, dn n nng cao cht lng tn hiu.

14

- Cc s c mng s gim rt nhiu khi s dng hon ton cc thit b th ng, dn n tng n nh v cht lng phc v ca mng. - Cc thit b th ng u c kh nng truyn tn hiu theo hai chiu, v th n nh ca mng vn cao khi cung cp dch v hai chiu. Tuy nhin, vic trin khai mng truy nhp cp ng trc th ng cng c nhng nhc im sau: - Do khng s dng cc b khuch i cao tn, tn hiu suy hao trn cp s khng c b, dn n hn ch ln bn knh phc v ca mng. - Do khng ko cp ng trc i xa, s lng thu bao c th phc v bi mt nt quang s gim i. c th phc v s lng thu bao ln nh khi s dng cc b khuch i tn hiu, cn ko cp quang n gn thu bao hn v tng s nt quang ln dn n tng chi ph rt ln.

I.4.3 - Mng c cu trc kt hp cp quang v cp xon ng

Vi mng kiu ny, cp quang thc hin nhim v truyn tn hiu t trung tm n cc nt quang ti khu vc thu bao, t nt quang n thu bao s l cp ng xon in thoi bnh thng. Cu trc mng ny c u im l s dng mng sn c ca bu in truyn tn hiu truyn hnh, do khng cn u t mi tit kim chi ph ban u. Thc t hin nay tn hiu truyn hnh c truyn trn cp ng xon c truyn theo cng ngh DSL (Digital Subcriber Line). DSL l cng ngh c pht trin nhm truyn s liu tc cao trn i cp ng trc c sn. Cng ngh DSL bao gm ba k thut: HDSL (hight speed DSL), ADSL (Asynmetrical DSL), VDSL (very hight bit rate DSL). Khi trin khai mng truyn hnh cp bng phng n kt hp cp quang v cp ng xon s gp nhng kh khn sau: Khng th truyn c tn hiu truyn hnh tng t v truyn mt knh truyn hnh tng t yu cu rng bng thng l 6 Mhz vi h NTSC v 8Mhz vi h PAL. Ch c th truyn c tn hiu truyn hnh s c nn v ch truyn c 2 n 3 knh truyn hnh. khc phc iu ny, ngi ta ch gi i knh truyn hnh c yu cu. Nh vy thu bao khng th cng mt lc xem c nhiu knh vi nhiu my thu.

15

 Mun thu c tn hiu truyn hnh s theo phng php ny, thu bao cn c trang b mt thit b gi l Set-top-box. Nu trin khai mng kt hp cp quang v cp ng xon, r rng hon ton phi da vo h thng mng vin thng bu in dn n khng thun li v linh hot trong qu trnh trin khai v iu hnh mng. K thut Tc bt hng ln (Upstream) HDSL ADSL 1,52Mb/s 64kb/s Tc bt hng xung (Downstream) 1,52Mb/s 3,5-8Mb/s Khong cch phc v (Km) 5km 5km in thoi, Internet, truyn hnh hi ngh in thoi, Internet, truyn hnh hi ngh, VOD in thoi, Internet, truyn hnh hi ngh, VOD, HDTV ng dng

VDSL

2Mb/s

52Mb/s

0,3km

Cc c tnh k thut ca cc cng ngh h xDSL

I.4.4 - Mng ton cp quang

Mt mng truyn dn quang ha hon ton t nh cung cp dch v n tn thu bao l m c ca mi nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh cng nh vin thng ni chung do cc u im tuyt vi ca cp quang. Tuy nhin khi trin khai mt mng nh th s phi u t ban u rt ln v gp nhiu kh khn khc.

I.5 - Cc tc ng nh hng n h thng

Trong qu trnh truyn dn tn hiu phi s dng cc thit b truyn v x l tn hiu, cc thit b tch cc v ngay c cc thit b th ng cng thm cc tn hiu nhiu vo tn hiu lm cho cht lng tn hiu gim. Cc b khuch i tn hiu c c tuyn khng l tng gy ra nhiu v cc nhiu ny li c khuch i khi i qua cc b khuch i ni tip nhau tch lu li gy ra mo tn hiu rt nghim trng. Nhiu trong mt h thng in t bt k gy ra t nhiu ngun khc nhau. Ngun nhiu chnh l chuyn ng nhit ca cc electron trong cc thnh phn tr khng. Vi h thng cp 200C th in p nhiu nhit ca di tn mt knh n l 1.1 microvolt hay 59.1dBmV. y l mc nhiu thp nht gi l nhiu nn.

16

nh lng cho mc nhiu ca h thng ngi ta nh ngha ra t s SNR v CNR l t l gia cng sut ca tn hiu hay ca sng mang trn cng sut ca nhiu. Mc ngng ca CNR l 40 dB, di mc ngng ny th nhiu lm gim phn gii v tng phn ca nh gy kh chu cho ngi xem. H thng cht lng tt l duy tr c CNR mc 46dB, hon ho l 48 n 50 dB. Tng cng sut tn hiu th t l CNR tng, nhng khi tn hiu li b mo. Mc tn hiu cng cao mo sinh ra cng ln. Cc b khuch i hin i s dng cu hnh cn bng c th trit b hu nh ton b cc mo ny, phn mo cn li gi l triple beats v c c trng bi mt i lng l CTB (composite triple beats). Cc tham s ca b khuch i xc nh s lng b khuch i ghp ni tip, do xc nh khong cch c th truyn c tn hiu n. Yu t ny c s dng thit k h thng trung k cp ng trc. Gii hn hot ng ca mt h thng cp c xc nh bi mc nhiu nn v mo tn c biu din nh hnh v di y v cho h thng 300MHz. Hnh v ny ch ra rng mt h thng vi 46 b khuch i c t l CNR l 46dB v CTB l -53dB. Tuy nhin cn c nhiu nhn t khc nh hng n hot ng ca h thng nh: s ph thuc ca suy gim trong cp v nhiu vo nhit , mc chu ng AGC v ASC, p ng tn s ca h thng, chnh xc ca vic kim tra thit b... Trong v d ny gi s mc thay i cho php ca AGC v ASC l 1dB, mc thay i t im cao nht n im thp nht l 3dB, chnh xc kim tra thit b l 2dB, kt qu tng mc thay i cho php l 6dB. Nh vy s b khuch i cho php l 23 (s b khuch i gim mt na khi gii hn CTB gim 6dB hoc CNR gim 3dB). 20.00 10.00 0.00 -10.00 -20.00 -30.00 -40.00
1 60

CN R

46dB CNR v -53dBCTB

CTB
10 20 30 40 50

s b khuch i mc ni tip Hnh 2.6: c tuyn CNR, CTB vi h thng ni tip cc b khuch i

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Nh ta thy phm vi bao ph ca h thng cp ph thuc vo s b khuch i trn ng truyn, m s lng ny li ph thuc vo nhiu yu t. Mt trong nhng iu kin c c bao ph ti a l mi b khuch i phi c p ng tn s bin phng.

I.5.1 - Duy tr p ng tn s bin

Ti mi b khuch i, khong cch t nh ti y cc nhp nh ca p ng bin tn s khng c vt qu [N/10+1] dB, y N l s b khuch i mc ni tip trn ng truyn. iu ny lm ti thiu s suy gim ca t s CNR cc knh ri vo phn thp ca p ng tn s. Cc khuyn ngh trong thc t qui nh rng bin sng mang ca cc knh cnh nhau khc nhau khng c qu 3 dB. Tt c cc knh phi nm trong ton b 12dB di thng ca ca s p ng. nh gi p ng tn s ca h thng c hai phng php l qut t 50MHz n ht di thng ca h thng v phn tch ph. Phng php qut cho php cc b khuch i iu chnh t c p ng phng nht. Ti mi b khuch i c th c lp mt mch iu chnh p ng tn s gi l mch mopup. Cc mch ny c th lm mt i cc nh nh (nh hn 1.5dB) ca p ng do cc b khuch i hoc cp gy ra.

I.5.2 - Tr nhm ca tn hiu khi i qua h thng cp

Cc b khuch i trung k c kh nng khuch i theo c hai hng nh cc b lc kp, l b lc kt hp c lc thng thp v lc thng cao vi vng tn s giao nhau 40MHz. Cc b lc ny gy ra tr nhm lm gim phn gii ca hnh nh. Cc b lc xut hin ti cc headend v hub cc kt ni vi cc thit b x l knh hoc cc b iu ch knh. Mi knh thng ch c mt thit b ny, do vy cc nh hng tr ca cc thit b ny khng gy ra vn g. Tuy nhin vi mt s cu hnh ca cc h thng truyn tn hiu, cc b lc thm vo cc knh n hoc knh kp c th c thm vo v gy ra tr cc hub.

I.5.3 - Phn hi ca h thng

S phn hi tn hiu xut hin khi qua h thng cp gy ra bi s khng phi hp tr khng, c gi l micro-reflections. i lng c trng cho s phn hi l t s v bin ca tn hiu truyn v tn hiu phn x (return loss). Return loss cng ln cng tt, trong trng hp l tng t s ny l v cng ln. Nu Return loss nh, tc l tn hiu phn x li ln, s gy ra hin tng hnh nh b c bng m.

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I.5.4 - Nhiu pha

Nhiu pha c thm vo tn hiu gc trong qu trnh iu ch v bin i tn s. Nhiu pha bng hp (20 kHz) trn knh truyn hnh to ra s thay i mc chi v mc mu xut hin di dng mt ng k ngang trong hnh nh. Mc c th cm nhn c ca nhiu pha trong sng mang video l nh hn sng mang 53dB ti 20kHz. Nu qu trnh iu ch v bin i tn s hot ng gn vi cc ch tiu k thut, th c th lm suy yu nhiu pha n mc khng cn cm nhn c ti tivi ca khch hng tr khi b chuyn i c cht lng km.

I.5.5 - Mo khuch i v nh hng ca chng

K thut khuch i da trn feedforward v k thut gp i cng sut lm tng mc cng sut vi mc mo nh hn, tuy nhin phn ngun thm vo to ra cc tn hiu b tr v mt thi gian. Cc tn hiu tr ny gy ra hiu ng trn hnh nh ging nh tn hiu phn hi li bi h thng cp. Nhng chng gy ra bi cc c ch khc nhau, y tn hiu n b khuch i c chia ra v khuch i song song tng phn mt sau cng li. Vi mt b khuch i feedforward cc tn hiu c x l tr i mt s dng mt cch ch nh. Nu thi gian truyn dn khng ging nhau cc mch khuch i song song th cc tn hiu b tr cc lng khc nhau c cng li. Trong hu ht cc trng hp lng tr khc nhau ny rt nh nn khng to ra bng ca nh, nhng n lm mt s sinh ng ca nh. Trong cc h thng truyn s knh ln hn 30, CTB chnh l gii hn mo. S phn knh HRC (harmonically related carriers) v IRC (incrementally related cariers) c pht trin cc tiu ho s thng ging ca cht lng nh gy ra bi CTB. CSO (composite second-order beats) c th tr thnh mt h s gii hn trong cc h thng c th truyn 60 knh hoc hn v s dng k hoch phn chia knh HRC v IRC. Cc mo xut hin di dng ch chi m trn mn hnh tivi. Cc phch CSO ri trong khong 0.75MHz n 1.25MHz trn sng mang video.

I.5.6 - nh hng ca nhiu do cc tn s radio gy ra

Khi h thng cp t gn ngun pht sng radio, sng radio c th d vo to nn cc sng mang gi ri vo trong ph tn hiu truyn trong cp. Hin tng d l do cp b rn nt hoc cc ch ni cht lng km. Nu cc trm truyn hnh c sng mang cng tn s vi knh truyn hnh cp v thit b x l knh headend ng pha vi tn hiu sng t, nh hng ca s

19

giao thoa ny l hnh nh c bng. Bng xut hin trc hnh do thi gian truyn qua khng kh nh hn thi gian truyn trong cp. Nu cc tn hiu ny khng ng pha vi nhau trn hnh nh xut hin cc dng v phch nhiu. Trong phn knh HRC v IRC, cc thit b iu ch v x l knh headend c kho vi mt dao ng tham chiu. Khng th no va kho pha ca mt knh theo k hoch phn knh va theo pha ca tn hiu sng t. Vi IRC c th khng kho pha mt knh theo mt ngun tham chiu v kho n vi trm sng t, tuy nhin u im ca nhm kho pha b mt. Vi h thng HRC tn s sng mang video nh hn 1.25MHz so vi knh tng ng trong sng t. Do khng th mang bt c mt knh no trong cc knh phn chia sng t tr khi cc knh k v knh tng ng ny cha s dng n.

I.6 - H thng qun l thu bao v tnh cc

iu ct yu nht i vi nhng nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh tr tin l c th qun l c vn truy nhp dch v thu bao v tnh cc ca thu bao theo dch v. Mt phng php ph thng v hiu qu nht l s dng cc thut ton m ha tn hiu, ch cc thu bao c php ca nh cung cp dch v mi c kh nng gii m tn hiu xem. H thng thit b qun l truy nhp ca thu bao v tnh cc c gi l h thng truy nhp c iu kin. Trong cc h thng truy nhp c iu kin, phng php m ha tn hiu chng xem trm c s dng l bin php xo trn tn hiu (scrambling). Thc cht vic xo trn tn hiu l sp xp tn hiu video theo mt qui tc c bit, ch c cc thu bao c cung cp quy tc sp xp li th mi c kh nng gii trn tn hiu xem. Vic trn tn hiu c thc hin ti ni cung cp dch v, tn hiu truyn hnh c trn s c truyn n mi thu bao v c thu bi cc b thu tn hiu (set-top-box). Thng thng qui tc gii trn tn hiu nm ngay trong b thu tn hiu ca thu bao hoc c ci trong mt bn mch c th cm vo b thu tn hiu (set-top-box), bn mch ny thng c gi l bn mch thng minh. Ngc li, tn hiu cho php b gii trn thc hin nhim v gii trn tn hiu li c nh cung cp dch v gi n thu bao km theo tn hiu c trn. Cc h thng truyn hnh tr tin c th l cc h thng khng nh a ch hoc nh a ch. Cc b chuyn i hay gii trn tn c kh nng a ch ho c lp trnh thng qua cc dm trong hoc chp nh bn dn PROM gii m cc knh c quyn truy nhp. S thay i quyn truy nhp phi c thay i

20

vt l bi ngi qun l. Cc b chuyn i c kh nng a ch ho c iu khin bi cc tn hiu to ra bi mt my tnh headend. Tn hiu ny t cu hnh t xa cho kh nng xem ca cc b chuyn i. Trong h thng khng nh a ch, cc thu bao khc nhau u c cung cp mt mc dch v, s lng cc chng trnh ging nhau. Cc h thng ny khng cho php cc nh cung cp dch v qun l n tn thu bao, nh cung cp khng th ct dch v n mt trong mt vi thu bao ngay ti trung tm iu hnh, v cng khng th cung cp cc chng trnh khc nhau theo s thch ca tng thu bao. Trong h thng nh a ch, mi thu bao c cung cp mt a ch duy nht trong h thng mng, tn hiu qun l thu bao, qun l dch v cng nh l cc thng tin tnh ph dch v c th c truy nhp chnh xc n tng thu bao. Ngoi ra, vic nh a ch cho cc thu bao cn cho php cc nh cung cp dch v qun l mng theo tng khu vc a l, rt ch li cho vic thng k v pht trin mng, chin lc tip th v qung co chng trnh vi khch hng. H thng qun l theo a ch cho php cc nh cung cp dch v cung cp cc dch v truyn s liu hai chiu, cc dch v truyn hnh tr tin theo thi gian xem (Pay Per View - PPV) v dch v tng tc nh truyn hnh theo yu cu VoD (Video on Demand). Hnh v di y m t s tng qut cho mt h thng qun l truy nhp c iu kin v c kh nng nh a ch n tng thu bao:

Trn Scranbling Ghp knh cc chng trnh

Thm cc thng tin qun l

iu ch cao tn

Mng quang

H thng cho php quyn thu bao

Mt m cho php gii trn

Pht chng trnh

Thng tin ph i km cc chng trnh

H thng qun l thu bao

21

S pht h thng truy nhp c iu kin cho truyn hnh tr tin

Mng quang

Thu tn hiu cao tn

Gii iu ch cao tn

Gii trn Descrambling

Thu tn hiu ti thu bao

Tch, x l thng tin qun l v mt m

Gii hn cc knh truyn hnh c th xem

My thu

S thu h thng truy nhp c iu kin cho truyn hnh tr tin

I.7 - Kh nng dung lng cao ca h thng cp

C hai xung hng ci tin c th nng cao dung lng ca h thng cp. Vo u nhng nm 1990 ngi ta quan tm nhiu n nng cp c tnh vt l ca ng truyn, n nhng nm gia thp k 90 ngi ta li quan tm n cc k thut nn video (DVC) v DVC lm cho h thng cp c th pht s lng knh tng rt nhiu.

I.7.1 - K thut nn video s

Cc k thut nn video s kt hp vi cc k thut iu ch s to ra mt kh nng tng dung lng knh rt ln. HDTV chnh l mt v d, tn hiu HDTV tng t vi di tn mi mu 30MHz, tng s khong 100MHZ khi s ho yu cu mt tc truyn dn hng giga bit. Bng cch s dng DVC loi b c s d tha trong cc bc nh v trong mt chui nh c th truyn HDTV trong knh 6MHz. Khng nhng th DVC cn c s dng ghp nhiu tn hiu

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truyn hnh s c phn gii tiu chun vo mt knh 6MHz gi l truyn hnh phn gii tiu chun (SDTV). Mt k thut khc c s dng trong tng dung lng knh l cc phng thc iu ch. C hai phng php iu ch chnh c s dng l iu ch cu phng (QAM) v iu ch vt (VSB), m in hnh l 256-QAM v 16-VSB. S kt hp HFC v DVC to ra s thay i rt n tng khng ch trong truyn hnh cp m cn trong nhiu ng dng khc. Video khng cn l c quyn ca h thng truyn hnh cp m t nhiu ngun khc nhau: thu trc tip t v tinh, thu t mng thoi, cellular TV, MMDS (h thng pht vi ba a im)...

I.7.2 - Video On Demand v Near Video On Demand

VOD l bn c th xem video bt c lc no bn mun vi cc chc nng nh mt u VCR o, c ngha l bn c th dng hnh, tm dng, tua nhanh, chm... Tt c nhng iu nghe nh khng th thc hin c, cn c s tho thun vi khch hng. Mt cu hi t ra l mc nh th no th khch hng chp nhn c v s cn nhc gia gi c v s thun li. NVOD da trn nguyn l Pareto, nguyn l ny ni rng tt c cc mong mun ch tp trung vo mt s ch thng dng. C l khong 80% thm ch t hn cc ch l thng dng. Tip theo na l gii hn tn sut truy nhp dch v cng nh gii hn yu cu ca thu bao. Thay v thu bao c th xem ngay lp tc mt b phim bt k m mnh yu cu th mt s b phim ang c a thch s c pht ni tip trn mt vi knh. V d trong h thng Time Warner Quantum, gi s mi khi yu cu mt b phim khch hng phi i ti a 30 pht, di mi b phim l 2 gi th mi b phim s yu cu 4 knh. Khi trn mi knh lin tc pht b phim lch nhau 30 pht. Vi k thut nn video s kh nng tng dung lng knh l rt ln do c th xem cc b phim vi thi gian i nh hn bng vic tng s knh cho mi b phim. Ta xt c th mt v d sau: Mt h thng cp c tn s ti a l 750MHz. Phm vi t 50 n 450MHz mang cc knh tng t. (Di 50MHz c s dng cho dnh cho ng ln). Ph 400 MHz ny c dng cho cc dch v cp thng thng. Ph tn 300MHz t 450 n 750 MHz cha 50 knh mi knh 6MHz. Nu chng ta c th nn cc b phim trong mt dng 3Mbps v nu s dng phng php iu ch 16VSB, 256QAM hay 64QAM tng ng vi tc 38.5, 38.5, 27 Mbps chng ta s c th mang 12, 12, 9 b phim trong mt knh

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6MHz. V vy 50 knh 6MHZ tng ng vi 600,600 hoc 450 knh o cho mi b phim. Xem xt trng hp mt danh sch 10 b phim hay nht c pht (mi b phim di 135 pht), mi b phim c pht trn 12 knh o. Nh vy thi gian i cho yu cu mt b phim no l 135/12 = 11,25 pht. Tip tc sp xp 20 b phim khc vo 160 knh mi b phim chim 8 knh, thi gian i l 16.9 pht. Tip tc t 40 b phim vo 160 knh, 60 b phim vo 60knh. Tm li chng ta pht c trong h thng cp quang 130 b phim trong tng s 500 knh, v chng ta cn d ra 100 knh phc v cho cc dch v khc.

II - TRUYN S LIU TRN MNG TRUYN HNH CP

Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cc cng ngh vin thng v cng ngh tin hc, truyn hnh ngy nay cng ang pht trin c th p ng c yu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi dng. T h thng truyn hnh pht qung b phi s dng anten thu sng, tn hiu thu khng n nh do c qu nhiu cc sng trong khng gian, c nhng vng khng th bt c tn hiu, ngi dng c th yn tm v cht lng tn hiu, c th xem c nhiu knh truyn hnh trong nc v nc ngoi vi h thng truyn hnh cp (CATV: Community Antena Television). Vi cng ngh truyn hnh s, ngi xem c c hi c thng thc nhng chng trnh truyn hnh phn gii cao, cht lng m thanh tt (HDTV: Hight Definition Television). Ngi xem cng c th la chn cc chng trnh mnh thch yu cu c xem vo bt c lc no vi h thng truyn hnh theo yu cu (VOD: Video On Demand). Th gii bc vo mt k nguyn mi ca thi i thng tin bng s hi t ca cc phng tin truyn thng. Hng ro gia cc dch v s b xo b, cc dch v ho nhp to thnh mt h thng duy nht phc v cc nhu cu ca ngi dng. Truyn hnh cng i theo hng vi cng ngh truyn hnh mi gi l truyn hnh tng tc. Khi ngi dng c th s dng truyn hnh yu cu cc chng trnh cn xem, tham gia cc chng trnh o to t xa, mua bn, kt ni Internet... Cc dch v tng tc hai chiu l yu t khng nh s pht trin trong truyn hnh vin thng. y mng my tnh l cc thit b x l thng tin trong thi gian khng thc, v truyn hnh l cc thit b x l thng tin thi gian thc.

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Mng my tnh c hiu qu trong mi trng thng tin im-im, trong khi truyn hnh l dch v im-a im. S kt hp ca my tnh v truyn hnh to nn mt h thng mang nhiu li im trong mng tng hp. Vi h thng truyn hnh ny, ngi dng khng ch c th t quyt nh chng trnh mnh cn xem thng qua cc la chn m c th s dng truyn hnh nh mt thit b cho php thu nhn cc thng tin dng khc, nh s liu, vn bn v cc dch v thng mi nh mua v bn. Trong chng ny s tm hiu cch thc tn dng mng truyn hnh cp trin khai cc dch v yu cu bng thng rng nh: truy nhp Internet tc cao, truyn hnh theo yu cu, in thoi s.

II.1 - Gii thiu

Nh bit, thng tin bng rng l mt xu hng pht trin tt yu ca cc mng vin thng. Trong qua trnh qu xy dng mt mng quang ho hon ton c bng thng rt ln tch hp cc dch v th gii php tn dng di thng ca mng truyn hnh cp (mng lai gia cp quang v cp ng trc) truyn s liu l mt gii php va kinh t va hiu qu. Cc kt ni bng cp ng trc cho php bao ph gn nh ton cu, to ra mt nn tng vng chc cung cp kh nng truy nhp d liu tc cao ti cc gia nh v doanh nghip nh. Tuy vy, cung cp c cc dch v vin thng khc ngoi truyn hnh th cn phi nng cp h thng truyn hnh cp n hng truyn thng ln thnh cc h thng hai chiu hin i. Ban u, cc h thng cp c thit k cung cp cc tn hiu truyn hnh qung b ti cc gia nh mt cch hiu qu. m bo rng khch hng vn nhn c cc dch v cp bng chnh nhng tivi m h ang dng thu cc tn hiu truyn hnh qung b bng v tuyn, cc nh khai thc dch v cp ti to li mt phn ca ph tn s v tuyn trong ng cp ng trc kn hoc mng cp quang c thit k v s dng cho phn b truyn hnh cp. H thng cp s c nng cp vi cc b khuch i hai chiu c a vo mng c th khuch i tn hiu truyn i theo c hai hng. Hu ht cc mng truyn hnh cp hin nay u l mng lai ghp gia cp si quang v cp ng trc. Cc tn hiu i t im phn phi trung tm (headend) n cc im gn thu bao qua cc ng cp quang, sau chng c truyn i qua ng cp ng trc chy n nh thu bao. Cc tn hiu tn s cao s truyn n nh thu bao cn cc tn hiu tn s thp s c gi v headend pht. Ngoi vn nng cp mng cp thnh mt h thng hai chiu, cn mt vn na cn phi quan tm n khi s dng mng truyn hnh cp cung cp cc

25

dch v vin thng, l phi c h thng cc headend c chc nng kt ni vi cc mng vin thng khc nh: PSTN, Internet Cc vn ny s c ln lt trnh by trong cc phn di y.

II.2 - Phn b tn s trong h thng cp

Trong h thng cp truyn thng th cc knh truyn hnh qung b c t trong cc knh v tuyn nm trong di thng 70MHz 860 MHz i vi h thng cp Chu u v 54MHz 860 MHz i vi h thng Bc M. thit lp cc knh truyn ngc t thu bao n cc trm trung tm, ngi ta tn dng di thng min tn s thp. i vi h thng Chu u s dng di tn 5Mhz 65 Mhz, cn i vi h thng Bc M l di tn 5Mhz 42 Mhz. Phn b di tn cho mng truyn hnh cp c minh ho trong hnh v di y:

Upstrea m

Analog Video Downstream

Digital Video, data Downstream

5 65(42) 70(54)

500 550

862 Tn s (MHz)

Hnh 3.1 : Phn b di tn cho cc mng truyn hnh cp chu u (Bc M) S d d liu cCc con smin tn s cao ca h thng tn s cao tn hiu t ghp vo trong ngoc l l v min Bc M b nh hng ca nhiu hn m thng tin s liu li nhy cm vi nhiu hn so vi tn hiu truyn hnh. Cng v l do tn s thp tn hiu nhy cm vi nh hng ca nhiu gy ra bi cc ngun pht sng v tuyn khc nn tn hiu lung xung ch c iu ch QPSK hoc 16QAM.

II.3 - Lu lng knh

Tc download data Modulation Format 64-QAM (DOCSIS) 256-QAM (DOCSIS) 64-QAM (Euro-DOCSIS) 256-QAM (Euro-DOCSIS) Channel Bandwidth 6MHz 6MHz 8 MHz 8 MHz Symbol Rate (Msym/sec) 5,056941 5,360537 6,952 6,592 Raw Data Rate 30,34 Mbps 42,88 Mbps 41,71 Mbps 55,62 Mbps Nominal Data Rate ~27 Mbps ~38 Mbps ~37 Mbps ~50 Mbps

26

Tc upload d liu
Symbol Rate, ksym per Sec Channel RF Bandwidth QPSK Raw Data Rate QPSK Nominal Data Rate 16-QAM Raw Data Rate 16-QAM Nominal Data Rate

160 320 640 1,280 2,560

0,20 MHz 0,40 MHz 0,80 MHz 1,60 MHz 3,20 MHz

0,32 Mbps 0,64 Mbps 1,28 Mbps 2,56 Mbps 5,12 Mbps

~0,3 Mbps ~0,6 Mbps ~1,2 Mbps ~2,3 Mbps ~4,6 Mbps

0,64 Mbps 1,28 Mbps 2,56 Mbps 5,12 Mbps 10,24 Mbps

~0,6 Mbps ~1,2 Mbps ~2,3 Mbps ~4,6 Mbps ~9,0 Mbps

III - THIT K H THNG CP HU TUYN III.1 S thit k h thng

Cc dch v h thng cung cp: IP Cable Telephony Open Access IP Video. Business data service.

III.1.1 S tng qut ca mt mng cp a dch v

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III.1.2 S khi ti Headend /Hub

Central Headend: l im iu ch, khi to v nhn tn hiu chnh cho h thng cp. N thc hin cc chc nng sau: Nhn cc chng trnh t v tnh thng qua TVRO (Television Receive Only). Nhn cc chng trnh tivi v radio pht qung b. iu ch cc chng trnh v ghp knh pht trn h thng cp. Chn thm knh vo h thng trung k. Remote Hub site/ Headend: Remote hubsite hay Headend nh l mt phin bn thu nh ca central headend. N khng thc hin tt c cc chc nng ca central headend v c th ch x l mt phn di tn c pht trn h thng nhn c t central headend. Nhn cc chng trnh t v tinh. Nhn cc chng trnh thu c t sng mt t. Gii iu ch tn hiu FM thu c t central headend. iu ch cc chng trnh cho h thng cp. Chn cc chng trnh vo h thng trung k. Chn cc knh phn hi ca siu trung k v central headend. Chc nng ca Remote Hubsite: Nhn cc knh t AML. Chn cc knh v trung k.

28

M hnh trao i thng tin gia Headend v Subcriber.

III.1.3 Cc thit b trung tm h thng truyn hnh cp hai chiu

Danh mc cc loi thit b: Ethernet Switch. Router. Cable Modem Termination System ( Truyn cc gi tin IP trn h thng truyn hnh cp ) Softswitch (Dng cho dch v IP phone). Voice Gateway ( Dng cho dch v thoi). QAM modulator ( Thit b s ha tn hiu MPEG 2 thnh tn hiu knh tivi) Server qun l thu bao. Video server.

29

III.1.4 S thit b ghp ni la chn

III.1.5 Kt ni h thng (Distribution Center).

30

III.2 Cu hnh thit b.

III.2.1 CMTS router
Hin nay h thng CMTS ca Cisco c s dng rt nhiu trong h thng truyn hnh cp ca cc nc. Thit b ca Cisco h tr c chun ca truyn hnh cp chu u v chu M. Cisco c a ra 3 series: uBR7100, uBR7246VXR v uBR10012.

31

Ba model CMTS router bng rng series uBR7200: uBR7223, uBR7246 v uBR7246-VXR hin nay c s dng nhiu v ph hp vi lng thu bao ban u v kh nng m rng sau ny ca h thng (khi m rng ch cn cm thm card ). C 3 thit b u h tr khe cm card PCI. Mt s c im k thut ca h router uBR7200.
Cisco uBR7200 Family Technical Specifications Modem Card Slots Port Adapter Slots Router Bandwidth Carrier-Class Routing Level 3 quality of service (QoS) with both DOCSIS 1.0 and 1.1 Differentiated Billing Redundancy Plant Diagnostics and Network Cisco uBR7246VXR 4 2 1Gbps Yes Yes Cisco uBR7246 4 2 600 Gbps Yes Yes Cisco uBR7223 2 1 600 Mbps Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

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Management Line Cards Available

Clock Card Network Processors Network Processor I/O Controller mid-plane Power supplies

MC11C, MC12C, MC14C, MC16C,MC16S , C16E, MC28C 1 NPE-200, NPE225, NPE-300 1 1 600 Mbps 2

MC11C, MC12C, MC14C, MC16C,MC28 C N/A NPE-200, NPE225 1 1 600 Mbps 2

MC11C, MC12C, MC14C, MC16C,MC2 8C N/A NPE-200, NPE-225 1 1 600 Mbps 1

III.2.2 - CMTS
CMTS(Cable modem termination system) l h thng cc thit b nm ti cable headend cho php truy nhp Internet tc cao t my tnh c nhn. CMTS gi v nhn tn hiu cp modem s trn mng cp v nhn tn hiu upstream t modem cp ca ngi s dng, chuyn n thnh gi a ch IP v nh ng tn hiu ti nh cung cp dch v Internet kt ni Internet. CMTS cung gi tn hiu downstream ti modem cp ca ngi s dng. Modem cp khng th giao tip trc tip vi nhau m phi thng qua CMTS. Sau y l m t cc cable line card ca Cisco: Card x l bng rng cho series uBR10012: Cisco 5x20(h tr chun truyn hnh cp M) v 5x20U (H tr c chun truyn hnh cp chu u v M). Cung cp 5 lung downstreams v 20 lung upstreams. Card x l bng rng cho series uBR7246VXR: C th x dng 2 loi card MC28U v MC28X. Cung cp 8 lung upstreams v 2 lung downstreams. Loi card MC28U c tch hp cc b upconverter trn card. H tr c chun truyn hnh cp chu u v M. Khi s dng 2 loi card MC16U v MC16X, mi card c th cung cp 6 lung upstreams v 1 lung downstream. Loi card ny cng h tr c chun truyn hnh chu u v M. Card x l bng rng cho series uBR10012 v uBR7246VXR: C th x dng vi 5 loi card sau: MC28C: Cung cp 2 lung downstreams v 8 lung upstreams. Card ny cung cp chun truyn hnh M.

33

MC16S: Cung cp 1 lung downstreams v 1 lung upstream c phn mm v phn cng qun l ph chun truyn hnh M. MC16E: Cung cp 1 lung downstream v 6 lung upstreams. Card ny cung cp chun Euro-DOCSIS. MC16C: Cung cp 1 lung downstream v 6 lung upstreams. Chun truyn hnh M. MC14C: Cung cp 1 lung downstream v 4 lung upstreams. Chun truyn hnh M. Ngoi ra, c th m rng cu hnh mng, Cisco cung cp thm mt card dng cho giao din mng. Phn ln nhng giao din h tr cho mng LAN v WAN c h tr: - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethenet. - Serial (T1/E1 v T3/E3). - High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI). - ATM (T1/E1, T3/E3, OC3). - Packet over SONET (POS OC-3, OC-48 for the Cisco uBR10012). S cp modems qun l trn mt knh upstream: Cu trc u ni thu bao t node n cc thu bao nh mt mng LAN. Cc thu bo xm nhp h thng theo c ch detect xung t a truy nhp v vy s thu bao s dng chung mt knh upstream nh vy khng nn qu ln d gy qu nhiu xung t. Khi s thu bao trn mt knh upstream cng nhiu th c hi mt cable modem ng nhp h thng cng gim. Cisco khuyn ngh s cable modem (CM) ti a trn mt card khong t 1000 n 1200 v s cable modem (CM) s dng chung mt knh upstream khng nn vt qu 200.

III.2.3 Cable modem

Cp modem c th nm trong hoc ngoi my tnh. Trong mt s trng hp, cp modem c thit k ln lun set-top cable box. Do , h thng ch cn thm bn phm v chut l c th truy cp Internet. Trong thc t, nu h thng cp c nng cp ln thnh h thng cp s, b set-top box m cng ty cp cung cp s c kh nng kt ni Internet, v chng ta c th truy cp Internet thng qua truyn hnh cp. Thnh phn chnh ca cp modem bao gm:

34

 Mt b knh. Mt b gii iu ch. Mt b iu ch. Mt thit b iu khin truy cp mng MAC. Mt chip x l.

III.2.4 Setop box

IV M hnh thit b ca hng Syspol Indonexia VI.1 Cc thit b c s dng:

Mng truyn hnh cp ca hng c thit k cung cp 3 loi dch v: thoi, truyn s liu v CATV, kt ni 14 thnh ph ca Indonexia. S thu bao

35

trong thi gian th nghim l 300, d kin s thu bao sau mt nm l 50.000, sau hai nm l 250.000 v sau 4 nm l 350.000. CMTS v gateway trung k ca Cisco: Cisco AS5400 v Cisco MGX8000 series. Softswitch Telcordia/USA IGCS (Ver 2.3). CPE(VoIP): Samsung SCM 220U, Innomedia EMTA 3528.

VI.2 c im h thng
1 Large Capacity System: 2 management modules (DHCP, TFTP, TOD server are built in), 11 DOCSIS modules (1 X 4, 1 X 6, 2 X 8) and F/E modules can be mounted to total 14 slots. Support for Various Modules: OC-3/STM-1 Packet over SONET/SDH, OC-12/STM-4 Packet over SONET/SDH, 10/100 Ethernet (Octal), Gigabit Ethernet, Protocol Analyzer, Voice over IP Gateway Passive Structure - Fundamentally no cause of faults because there is no active components - Independently connected mesh-type backplane structure - High-speed (1.55Gps) data paths established among 12 application slots: 12 slots X 11 channels/slot X 1.55Gbps = Implements the performance of total 205 Gbps. - No single point of failure - Non-bottlenecks, Non-blocking - Full multicast support - Fully distributed separate switching/routing enhances efficiency and performance. Distributed Processing System (2.5Mbps performance per module) - Separate power converter for each module: On-board power conversion - Separate Pentium III 450MHz CPU for each module - Processor with 2.5Mbps packet processing capability is mounted for each module (IXP1200 Processor). - Up-converter is built in each module. - Hot-swappable - MeshFlow TM Communications Chip (MCC) is adopted Complex System - CMTS, server, router, up-converter, full DOCSIS protocol analyzer, VoIP gateway, OAM&P and element manager are integrated, to save space, enable convenient integrated management and allow excellent troubleshooting capability. Redundant System - Power and Cooling Function . Dual power supply terminal

2 3

36

. Redundant power bus is provided (on backplane) . DC-DC converter is built in for each module. . Hot- swappable Fan Tray - Redundant Clock Sources . External source through BITS connector . Network source on POS interface - Redundant Modules & Software . Redundant management modules . Redundant provisioning servers & provisioning databases . Redundant network interfaces . Redundant route servers - HFC Redundancy . Active-active 1+1 HFC redundancy . N+1 HFC redundancy CableOnce: Blind Mate Connector - Blind mate connectors are installed on backplane, which eliminates the necessity of direct cabling work on modules. - Cabling work is unnecessary at the time of card replacement - Reduces time for replacing modules at the time of upgrade (facilitating service resumption) - Prevents problems from occurring due to wrong cabling work - Function required especially for mounting high-density modules Supportable Applications - IP Cable Telephony - Open Access - IP Video - Business data service -Tiered service levels

V H thng truyn hnh cp H Tnh

c im: H Tnh l mt tnh c dn s cao trn ton quc (1.270.000 ngi), ring th x H Tnh dn c tp trung kh cao (khong 70.000 ngi). Hin ti, trn 10.000 h gia nh s dng TV th x H Tnh. - S thu bao d kin phc v trong nm u: 3.000. - S thu bao d kin sau 5 nm hot ng l 25.000 (bao gm c khch sn v cc khu gii tr).

V.1 - La chn cng ngh:

D n ny s dng mng cp ghp lai Quang - ng trc (HFC-Hybrid Fiber Optic Coaxial) v n m ra phm vi rt rng cho cc dch v truyn hnh nhiu knh, vin thng v multimedia. Mng HFC p ng y cho vic truyn dn ng thi c hai cng ngh truyn hnh tng t (Analog) v k thut s

37

(Digital) theo mt chiu v hai chiu. Qu trnh hon thin c chia thnh cc giai on c th sau : 1. Giai on u : S dng cng ngh pht truyn hnh tng t cho php thu cc chng trnh truyn hnh nh thng thng, khng phi mua thm thit b g na. Nh vy, s thu ht c s lng ln thu bao tham gia dch v. Bi vy, h thng truyn hnh cp trong giai on ny c s dng cng ngh tng t v truyn dn mt chiu. C th, thit b trung tm (Headend) l thit b pht 1 chiu, thit b truyn dn trn mng HFC l hai chiu. Giai on ny cha trang b h thng m kha qun l tn hiu, nn cc knh u c pht t do. 2. Giai on th hai: u t thm cc thit b truyn dn 2 chiu vo h thng ca Trung tm pht (Headend). u t cng ngh truyn hnh k thut s vo h thng truyn hnh cp. u t thm h thng dch v truyn hnh theo yu cu, truyn hnh tng tc, truyn d liu ... u t m rng mng li thu bao. Kt ni dch v internet tc cao trn mng truyn hnh cp. 3. Giai on ba: Kt ni dch v IP Phone. Kt ni vi h thng Contact center to thm dch v IP contact center v dch v p ng thng tin a phng tin nh in thoi truyn hnh.

V.2 Thit b trin khai trong giai on 1 (Ti liu tham kho km theo). V.3 Trin khai thit b cho h thng cp hai chiu
V.3.1 Thit k h thng

V.3.2 Yu cu dch v
1. Cung cp dch v VOD. Storage Server. Video Server.

38

 QAM/Transport/Video Processing (Pht cc knh truyn hnh s) Systems Intergration.

OSS/Middleware/CAS. Set Top Boxes. 2. Cung cp dch v Internet. Network Manager Server Leased line Internet. Cable Modem. Cable Modem Terminal System (CMTS). 3. Cung cp dch v IP phone. Call Agent (CA) System, which includes Connection Manager (CM), and Service Control and Management System (SCMS). Signaling System 7 (SS7) Gateway. Announcement Server (AS). Voice Mail Server (VMS) Connection.

Wiretap Server (WS)

Cable Modem Terminal System (CMTS). 4. Cung cp dch v Game on Demand. Game Cluster Storage Server Cable Modem Terminal System (CMTS). Ngoi ra link thit b cn phi c Router, Hub, Switch.

V.3.3 Thit b
DANH MC CC THIT B S TT 1 2 3 Tn thit b C2000 system MC28U line card Catalyst 2924 Hng sn xut C9networks Cisco Cisco n v B B B S lng 01 01 01

39

4 5 6 7 8

Set Top Box (FVRT100) Cable Modem TJ 700x Video Server Network Manager Server DV6000

Lattice Terayon

B B

01 01

Cu hnh server:
Storage Server: 1. Gii php ca Veritas: Phn mm: Veritas StorageCentral 5.2. Cu hnh thit b: Microsoft Windows: CommandCentral Storage Managed Host System: 433 MHz Pentium II or higher OS: Windows 2000 Server, Advanced Server, DataCenter Server CommandCentral Storage Management Server System: Minumum 1GHz + 1GB RAM OS: Windows 2000 Server, Advanced Server, DataCenter Server Sun Solaris : CommandCentral Storage Managed Host System: Ultra 5 or higher, including SPARC clone equivalents from Fujitsu OS: Solaris 7,8,9 CommandCentral Storage Management Server System:1 GHz UltraSPARC IIIi processors 1GB RAM OS: Solaris 7,8,9 HP-UX : CommandCentral Storage Managed Host System: PA-RISC 2.0 and PCI HBA based systems: Superdome, V Class, N Class, L Class , 400/500 OS: HP-UX 11.0b, 11i IBM AIX :

40

CommandCentral Storage Managed Host System: Pseries P6xx OS: IBM AIX 4.3.3, 5.1F, 5.2 LINUX : CommandCentral Storage Managed Host System: 433 MHz Pentium II or higher OS: Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 Network Manager Server: Chc nng: Cu hnh my: Pentium processor (750 MHz or greater). Ti thiu 9GB hard disk. Ti thiu 256MB RAM. Ethernet 10/100 NIC cho external LAN. Internal NIC 3Com 3C905B-Tx v 3C905C-TXM. Intel PRO/100 + PCI v MiniPCI. D-Link DFE-550Tx. RS 323 Serial Port cho kt ni PMS. Phn mm ci t: Cisco BBSM SDK. Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Operating System. Microft ISA server. MSDE database.

V.3.4 Cc phn mm iu khin

Cable Access Center manager Cable Broadband Configurator Broadband Troubleshooter Broadband Service Manager Cable Dianostic Manager Media Gateway Manager

41

VI Mt s chun truyn d liu

VI.1 - Gii thiu chung v chun MPEG
Chun MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) l chui cc chun nn video vi mc ch l m ho tn hiu hnh nh v m thanh cho mc ch lu tr v gim di thng trong truyn dn. MPEG tin ti ti u ho cho nhng ng dng video ng v cc c im ca n cng bao gm mt thut ton cho vic nn d liu audio vi t l khong t 5:1 cho ti 10:1. MPEG bao gm cc chun: MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 v MPEG-7. Trong MPEG-1 l c bn. MPEG-2, MPEG-4 v MPEG-7 l s pht trin v m rng t MPEG-1: - MPEG-1 cn c gi l tiu chun ISO/IEC 11172 l chun nn audio v video vi tc khong 1,5 Mb/s. y l tiu chun nn mt nh ng c kch thc 320x240 dng cho ghi hnh trn bng t v a quang, ng thi truyn dn trong cc mng (v d nh mng my tnh). - MPEG-2 nn tn hiu video v audio vi mt di tc bt t 1,5 ti 60 Mb/s. Tiu chun MPEG-2 cn c gi l chun quc t ISO/IEC 13818, l chun nn nh ng v m thanh. N cung cp cc ng dng nh: lu tr d liu s, truyn hnh qung b v truyn thng. N cho php m ho video vi hng lot cc ng dng i hi c th phn tch nh theo cc cch khc nhau nh thng tin video trn mng ISDN s dng ATM. - MPEG-4 l s hp nht cung cp cho rt nhiu ng dng truyn thng, truy cp, iu khin d liu m thanh s nh: in thoi hnh, thit b u cui a phng tin v th in t. MPEG-4 cho kh nng truy cp rng ri v hiu sut nn rt cao. - MPEG-7 l chun c ngh vo thng 10-1998 v tr thnh chun quc t vo thng 9-2001. MPEG-7 s l chun m t thng tin ca rt nhiu loi a phng tin. M t ny s kt hp vi chnh ni dung ca n cho php kh nng tm kim nhanh v hiu qu theo yu cu ngi dng.

VII Ph lc
VII.1 - Telcordia IGCS (Ver2.3)
Overview:

42

New technologies, which emerged along with the changes in the regulatory environment, have been integrated by cable companies in order to find an opportunity to provide telephony services using the existing cable facilities. Recent deregulation of the telephony companies in Canada and USA opened a CLEC market to provide local telephone services. In the meantime, the increased demand in the bandwidth market for the Internet made cable companies promote the development of the advanced cable modems through cooperation. Such growth of the cable technologies and companies enabled telephony services with the existing cable facilities by combining cable and VoIP technologies. IGCS products were designed to cover the following features:

CLASS provides several revenue-driving class features such as call

waiting, caller ID identification, call forwarding, return call and voice mail.

Regulatory provides the features required for cable companies to be

licensed carriers, which includes Local Number Portability (LNP) and Carrier Pre-Selection/Selection.

Platform supports 24 x 7 operation of call agents (CAs). Scalability provides next-generation call management in small and large
single-site environment, as well as environment setup for connecting the CAs to support the networks of any sizes.

Network-independent Architecture enables the CA components to work

in both Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) and IP networks as well. The CA component performs call control function for end users and provides Class functions. Because of open architecture design, the CA can be easily upgraded to support new products, services and software regardless of the switch supplier. In addition, it further reduces the cost incurred by network upgrades, and provides an infrastructure for broadband-integrated voice, video and data services. The following figure outlines the high-level of the IGCS system architecture. The IGCS system uses IP telephony technology to provide tollquality over the IP network. The Residential Gateway (RGW) in the form of Integrated Telephony Cable Modems (ITCM) enables connection within the customer premises. Only by connecting an ordinary phone to the RGW device, a user can make a call to anybody over IP network or Trunk Gateway (TGW).

43

IGCS is configured with a set of software executed in the installation environment available in one hardware or in individual hardware devices. It is executed in the distributed IP through Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN). The system provides high-quality connection over the existing PSTN and advanced functions for IP telephony such as 911 service and call waiting. IGCS consists of the following components: Call Agent (CA) System, which includes Connection Manager (CM), and Service Control and Management System (SCMS). Signaling System 7 (SS7) Gateway. Announcement Server (AS). Voice Mail Server (VMS) Connection. Wiretap Server (WS) The following IP telephony technologies can be controlled with IGCS: IP telephony gateway that supports SS7. Trunk-side IP telephony gateway over multi-frequency (MF) circuit. Residential Gateway (RGW) provides a small number of analog (RJ11) interfaces. It is located in the user area and enables high-speed connection between a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) and the IP backbone.

VII.2 Cisco AS5400

Overview:

Cisco AS5400 Universal Gateway can provide universal port data, voice, wireless and fax services at the maximum capacity on all ports, only with 2RU (Rack Unit) size. Because of high density (maximum 1 CT3), low power consumption (48VDC, 7.2A per CT3), and Universal Port Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Cisco AS5400 Universal Gateway is an ideal solution for multiple network installation architecture. In particular, it is suitable for co-location environments

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and large-scale Point-Of-Presence (POP). With its universal port function, Cisco AS5400 always operates both as a Network Access Server (NAS), which provides universal services, and as a voice gateway on all ports. Universal services of Cisco AS5400 include dial access, real-time voice and fax, wireless data access, and integrated communication. Cisco AS5400 Universal Gateway greatly reduces costs by optimizing the utilization of the universal port access infrastructure. Therefore, service providers can create various sources of revenue from a single access infra by using such a new business opportunity. Product Description: Cisco AS5400 is supplied in three main universal gateway configurations: 8 CT1/CE1s, 16 CT1/CE1s, and 1 CT3. In addition, it is equipped with two 10/100 auto sensing Ethernet LAN ports. Two high-speed serial ports support frame relay, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) backhaul. All backhaul interfaces support Hot Standby Routing Protocol (HSRP), and all cards are hot-swappable, thus providing communication carrier-level restorability. Cisco AS5400 supports high-capacity Internet access, regional/branch office connectivity, enterprise Virtual Private Network (VPN), wireless mobile solution, and long-distance, international and distributed prepaid calling for the Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Signaling System 7 (SS7) interconnection, and expanded voice service. Using rich capabilities of Cisco IOS Software, ISP and enterprise network managers can satisfy the existing dialin demand including IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) and AppleTalk, and support migration to a new world-wide services environment. Cisco AS5400 supports also a wide range of routing protocols including protocols for expensive access servers and routers.

VII.3 Cisco MGX 8000 Series

Overview:

Cisco MGX 8850 IP+ATM Multiservice Switch provides an excellent portfolio of service products, with expanding to DS0 - OC48c/STM-16 rate. With

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this product, service providers can lead the market with highly profitable new voice and data services, while keeping the existing services as well. MGX 8850 general sash is an integrated IP+ATM architecture that provides a differentiated total service portfolio from circuit emulation to IP VPN that enambles service providers easily add new services. - Flexible IP+ATM multiservice platform - Excellent Scalability: Provides 1.2 - 45Gbps non-blocking processing performance with a single sash. - Best reliability, availability and service convenience - IP VPN using Cisco IOS software based Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) - Moderate price per one port and high QoS makes it the best frame relay in the market. - High-density Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) for Internet access and concentration - Narrowband ATM with excellent management of data, voice and video services, and high-density broadband ATM for wholesale ATM service - Circuit emulation for dedicate circuit replacement Description Switching Card ATM Interface Bandwidth 1.2 Gbps shared memory fabric (PXM-1) 45 Gbps crosspoint fabric (PXM-45) 60 port T3 and E3 60 port OC-3c/STM-1 4 port OC-12c/STM-4 1 port OC-48c-STM-16 8 port T1 and channelized T1 8 port E1 and channelized E1 2 Port T3 and E3 unchannelized 2 Port channelized T3 2 Port HSSI 8 port T1 and channelized T1 8 port E1 and channelized E1 8 port T1 and channelized T1 8 port E1 and channelized E1 1 port T3 unchannelized 1port E3 unchannelized Ethernet Fast Ethernet Voice interworking service module All components support 100%redundancy. The

Framing Interfaces

ATM Interfaces Circuit Emulation Interfaces

LAN Interfaces Voice Optional Redundancy

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Node Synchronization

Input Power

components include process control, switching fabric, network interfaces, service interfaces, critical backplane signals, power supply, power module and cooling fan. 3 internal clock sources Internal Stratum-4E External T1/E1 BITS source Provides in-band clock source on network 48 VDC

VII.4 Samsung SCM 220U

Overview:

Samsung VoiceRanger SCM-220 series is an external cable modem, which allows simultaneous voice and data communication at a high speed over cable TV network. When two telephones are connected through two RJ-11 FXS (Foreign Exchange Station) ports to the Samsung VoiceRanger SCM-220, the modem enables voice communication service by itself Samsung VoiceRanger SCM-220 series can receive data at the rate of maximum 40Mbps and transmit data at the rate of 10Mbps. It is at least 100 times faster than the speed of a regular modem, so you can experience another dimension of communication speed, which is quite different from using an ordinary phone line. Samsung VoiceRanger SCM-220 series is a new concept of cable modems designed to allow fast data and voice communication at moderate cost by adopting only the functions needed by users. Product Features: - Supports Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP). - Supports RTP/RTCP voice packet transmission protocol. - Supports voice, fax and data modems. - Supports G.711A, G.711U, G.728 and G.729E CODEC. - Supports G.168 echo cancellation. - Supports Voice Activity Detection (VAD).

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- Supports T.30 FAX. - Connects two phones to two RJ-11 connectors at the same time. - CATV service providers can apply moderate local/long-distance telephone services to customers. - DOCSIS1.0 and DOCSIS 1.1 compatible - Supports SNMP network management and cable modem MIB. - Provides web-base management tool for remote management of cable modem. - Downstream Power Management (DPM) - Perfect surge protection

VII.5 Innomedia EMTA 3528

Overview:

Innomedia EMTA3528 is a cable modem, which provides very high-speed data and telephony service over the broadband network. EMTA3528 provides customers with voice services over the analog phone lines from two ports or less with their own telephone numbers. In order to provide better voice services, EMTA3528 was designed with such functions as D-QOS, voice compression, echo cancellation, packet recovery algorithm and voice packet priority assignment. EMTA3528 was designed to be easily installed with an auto-provisioning server. It allows also remote provisioning and monitoring through HTTP, SNMP, TFTP, FTP and Telnet. Product Features: - Supports NCS 1.0, MGCP, SIP, DOCSIS 1.0 and DOCSIS 1.1 protocols. - Supports RTP/RTCP voice packet transmission protocol. - Supports voice, fax and data modem. - Supports G.711, G.723.1, G.726, G.728, G.729A and G.729E CODEC. - Supports G.168 echo cancellation.

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- Supports supplementary services (three-way calling, caller identification indication service). - Supports T.30 FAX. - Connects two phones through two RJ-11 connectors. - Generates and detects DTMF tone. - Provides announcement function using the announcement server. - Supports SNMP network management and cable modem MIB. - Provides web-base management tool for remote management of the cable modem. - Allows designating Syslog Client for sending events to the log server. Product Description Item Ethernet USB Telephone Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Downstream Upstream Downstream Upstream Downstream Upstream Channel Interval/Bandwidth Symbol Ratio Downstream Upstream Downstream Upstream Level Range Carrier to noise ratio Product Specification Size Downstream Upstream Specification 10/100Mbps, RJ-45 1 Port USB 1 Port RJ-11 2 Ports 0 ~ 40C -20 ~ 70C 88 ~ 860Mhz 5 ~ 42Mhz 64QAM / 256QAM QPSK / 16QAM 64QAM (30Mbps), 256QAM (43Mbps) QPSK (5Mbps), 16QAM(10Mbps) 6Mhz 200, 400, 800, 1600, 2560Khz 5.057MSPS/64QAM 5.361MSPS/256QAM 160K, 320K, 640K, 1280K, 2560Ksps -15 ~ +15dBmv 64QAM : 23.5db 256QAM : 30db 268(w) x 206(l) x 42(h) mm

Port

Temperature

Frequency Range Modulation Data Transmission Rate

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Power

AC DC

AC 110 ~ 240V, 50/60Hz 12V, 1A

VII.6 DV6000

VII.6.1 - OVERVIEW Modular products optimized for 1-, 4-, 8-, or 16-channel transmission Widest variety of interface cards (NTSC, PAL, SDI, DVB-ASI, IF, QAM, DS3, E3, T1, E1, BTSC, SDTI, 10BaseT, 100BaseT)

Integrated digital channel switching (16 x 16, 52 x 52, and 128 x 128) 1310
nm and 1550 nm wavelength lasers, optical repeater shelves and EDFA optical amplifiers applicable to various optical transmission 8-wavelength DWDM capability (both unidirectional and bidirectional) Multiple architectures offering protection and redundancy

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