Nguyenthao - Edu.vn Library Nguyenthao Chuyen de LTDH Hoa

Chuyn Ha hc
Nm hc 2011-2012

1

LI M U

Vn gii bi tp ho hc l mt vic lm thng xuyn v quen thuc i vi hc sinh. N
khng ch gip hc sinh cng c phn l thuyt c bn hc m cn pht huy tch cc sng to
trong qu trnh hc tp ca hc sinh.

Tuy nhin vn gii bi tp ho hc thi i hc i vi nhiu hc sinh cn gp nhiu kh
khn, nhiu em cha nh hng, cha tm ra phng php thch hp, cha phn dng nn cn c
mt s kh khn trong khi thi i hc.

Nhm b sung, nng cao k nng gii bi tp ho hc v gip cho hc sinh nhn dng cc
bi ton thi i hc, chng ti su tm, sp xp v gii thiu mt s dng ton thi i hc trong
cc nm qua, ng thi a thm mt s bi tp tham kho gip hc sinh c cc nh hng
gii bi tp trong cc k thi i hc.
Chc chn rng s c nhiu thiu st, knh mong cc ng nghip gp b sung ti liu
cng hon thin hn.
LP BI DNG KIN THC 10 11- 12 V LUYN THI I HC
C: Dng Sn, Ha Chu, Ha Vang, Nng
Thc s. Nguyn Tho
Website: http://nguyenthao.edu.vn -------- email: info@nguyenthao.edu.vn ----T: 0905434602

Ngi thc hin: Nguyn ng Khoa
2
DNG I : VIT NG PHN
I.MT S LU

*Xc nh gi tr k da vo cng thc C
n
H
2n+2-2k
Oz (z>0)
*Xc nh nhm chc : -OH, -COOH, -CH=O, -COO-
*Xc nh gc hirocacbon no, khng no, thm, vng, h
*Vit mch C theo th t mch C gim dn.
Tm li : T CTTQ k = ? Mch C v nhm chc ng phn (cu to
v khng gian)

II.BI TP
Cu 1: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
O
2
,
phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 8. D. 9.
Gii:
Ta c k=1
c 1 lin kt
phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH
Axit hay este no h.

Nhng khng c phn ng trng bc
Khng phi l este ca axit fomic

C-COO-C-C-C C-COO-C(CH
3
) C C-C-COO-C-C C-C-C-COO-C
C-C-C-C-COOH C-C(CH
3
)-C-COOH C-C-C(CH
3
)-COOH C-C(CH
3
)
2
-
COOH

Chn C
Cu 2: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 2.
Gii: Ta c k=1
este no h.
HCOOC-C-C HCOOC(CH
3
)-C C-COOC-C C-C-COOC

Chn A
Cu 3: Cho m gam hn hp gm hai cht hu c n chc, mch h tc dng va vi dung
dch cha 11,2 gam KOH, thu c mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol X. Cho ton b X
tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Hai cht hu c l
A. mt este v mt ancol. B. hai axit. C. hai este. D. mt este
v mt axit.
Gii : Tc dng vi KOH to thnh mui axit hu c v mt ancol c este

KOH
11, 2
n = 0, 2
56
mol =
2
H ancol
3, 36
n = 2n = 2. 0, 3
22, 4
mol =

KOH ancol
n > n => ban u c ancol.
Vy, hn hp u c 1 este v 1 ancol. Chn A
Cu 4 : Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH, s loi
trieste c to ra ti a l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 6. D. 5.
Cu 5 : S ng phn hirocacbon thm ng vi cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 6: Cho cc cht sau: CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
, CH
2
=CH-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
,
CH
3
-C(CH
3
)=CH-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

3
Cu 7: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi
lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng.
A. anken. B. ankin. C. ankaien. D. ankan.
Gii : Gi khi lng phn t ca ba hidrocacbon ln lt l M
X
, M
Y
, M
Z
.
X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip nhau
M
Z
= M
X
+ 28 (1). Theo bi ra ta c: M
Z
= 2M
X
(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c M
X
= 28. X l C
2
H
4
=> anken

Chn A
Cu 8: C bao nhiu ancol bc 2, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca nhau m phn
t ca chng c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18%?
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Gii : Cng thc tng qut ancol no, n chc : C
n
H
2n+1
OH
Theo bi ra ta c:

12n 68,18
n = 5
14n +18 100
= Cng thc Ancol l C
5
H
11
OH
Cc ng phn bc 2 :
C-C-C-C(OH)-C C-C-C(OH)-C-C C-C(CH
3
)-C(OH)-C
Chn C
Cu 9: Mt hp cht X cha ba nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng m
C
: m
H
: m
O
= 21 : 2 : 4.
Hp cht X c cng thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. S ng phn cu to thuc
loi hp cht thm ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 3.
Gii : m
C
: m
H
: m
O
= 21 : 2 : 4 n
C
: n
H
: n
O
= 7 : 8 : 1 CTPT: C
7
H
8
O
S ng phn thm CH
3
C
6
H
4
OH (3), C
6
H
5
OCH
3
, C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH Chn B.
Cu 10: C bao nhiu cht hu c mch h dng iu ch 4-metylpentan-2-ol ch bng phn
ng cng H
2
(xc tc Ni, t
o
)?
A. 3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
Gii : *4-metylpentan-2-ol l: C-C(CH
3
)-C-C(OH)-C
Mch C trong cht ban u l C-C(CH
3
)-C-C-C
*Cht phn ng vi H
2
to ancol bc 2 ch c th l: ancol khng no hay xeton
*C=C(CH
3
)-C-C(OH)-C C-C(CH
3
)=C-C(OH)-C
C-C(CH
3
)-C-CO-C C=C(CH
3
)-C-CO-C
Chn D
Cu 11 : Vit cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
2
?
*Nhn xt : k=2 nn c 2 lin kt hoc 1 lin kt v 1 vng no hoc 2 vng no.
1.ng phn n chc mch h
a. Axit
CH
3
-CH=CH-COOH(2) , CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-COOH , CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOH
b. Este
HCOOCH=CH-CH
3
(2) , HCOOCH
2
-CH=CH
2
, HCOOC(CH
3
)=CH
2

CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
, CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3

2.ng phn n chc mch vng:
a. Axit

b. Este
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

4

1. ng phn a chc mch h:
a. Xeton: CH
3
-CO-CO-CH
3

b.Ete
c.Ancol

d.Andehit
2. ng phn tp chc mch h
a. 1-OH; 1-CHO

b. 1-CO-; 1-CHO
CH
3
COCH
2
CHO
c. 1-O-; 1-CHO
CH
3
OCH=CH-CHO, CH
2
=CHOCH
2
-CHO,
CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OCHO, CH
3
-CH=CHOCHO
d. 1-CO-; 1-OH HO-CH
2
-CO-CH=CH
2
5. ng phn tp chc mch vng

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

5
DNG II : BI TON T CHY
I.MT S LU

*t chy C
x
Hy :
-C
n
H
2n

+2
th n(H
2
O): n(CO
2
) > 1 v ngc li, ng thi n(H
2
O) - n(CO
2
) =
n(C
n
H
2n+2
)
-C
n
H
2n
th n(H
2
O): n(CO
2
) = 1 v ngc li.
-C
n
H
2n -2
th n(H
2
O): n(CO
2
) < 1 v n(CO
2
) -

(H
2
O) = n(C
n
H
2n -2
)
*t chy C
x
H
y
O
z
cng tng t nh trn
*Nu z =1 th n(O) = n(C
x
H
y
O
z
). Ta c th suy ra z =2...

II.BI TP
Cu 1: Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy
hon ton hn hp X, thu c CO
2

v H
2
O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l
A. C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

v C
4
H
7
(OH)
3
. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
4
H
9
OH.
C. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

v C
4
H
8
(OH)
2
. D. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

v C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
.
Gii: n(H
2
O) : n(CO
2
) = 4:3 >1 => ancol no
Gi CTC 2 ancol l:
O H C x n n 2 2 +

S :
O H CO O H C
n n
x n n 2 2 2 2
) 1 ( + +
+

4
3
1
=
+ n
n
=> n =3
X l hn hp ancol a chc
p n C
Cu 2: Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V lt
kh CO
2
( ktc) v a gam H
2
O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l:
A. m = 2a - V/22,4 B. m = 2a - V/11,2 C. m = a + V/5,6 D. m = a - V/5,6
Gii: n(ancol) = n(H
2
O) - n(CO
2
) =
4 , 22 18
V a
(mol)
m = m(C) + m(H) + m(O) = 12.n(CO
2
) + 2.n(H
2
O) +16.n(ancol)
= 12.
4 , 22
V
+ 2.
18
a
+ 16.(
4 , 22 18
V a
) = a -
6 , 5
V
(g)
p n D
Cu 3: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H
2
O v 0,4368 lt kh CO
2

( ktc). Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l
A. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH. B. C
2
H
5
CHO C. CH
3
COCH
3
. D. O=CH-CH=O.
Gii: X phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
/OH
-
=> X c nhm chc CHO
n(CO
2
) : n(H
2
O) =
18
351 , 0
:
4 , 22
4368 , 0
= 1:1
S nguyn t H = 2C p n B
Cu 4: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng, thu
c 3,808 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 5,4 gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,42. B. 5,72. C. 4,72. D. 7,42.
Gii: n(H
2
O)=
18
4 , 5
=0,3 (mol); n(CO
2
) =
4 , 22
808 , 3
=0,17 (mol)
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

6
n(H
2
O) > n(CO
2
)
Hn hp ancol no
n(ancol) = n(H
2
O) - n(CO
2
) = 0,13 (mol)
m(ancol) = m(C) + m(H) + m(O) = 12.n(CO
2
) + n(H
2
O) + 16.n(ancol)
= 12.0,17 + 2.0,3 + 16.0,13 = 4,72 (g)
p n C
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ho m gam X cn 40
ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh
CO
2
(ktc) v 11,7 gam H
2
O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l
A. 0,015. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,005.
Gii: X: C
n
H
2n
O
2
(axit panmitic; axit stearic); C
m
H
2m-4
O
2
(axit linoleic)
n(axit linoleic) = 0,5.[n(CO
2
) n(H
2
O)] = 0,5( 015 , 0 )
18
7 , 11
4 , 22
232 , 15
= (mol)
p n A
Cu 6: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, a chc, mch h, c
cng s nhm -OH) cn va V lt kh O
2
, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
v 12,6 gam H
2
O (cc
th tch kh o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 14,56. B. 15,68. C. 11,20. D. 4,48.
Gii: n(H
2
O) =
18
6 , 12
= 0,7 (mol); n(CO
2
) =
4 , 22
2 , 11
=0,5(mol)
n(ancol) = n(H
2
O) - n(CO
2
) = 0,2 (mol)
Gi ancol l
O H C x n n 2 2 +

7
5
1
=
+ n
n
=> n = 2,5
x < n , x>1 => x = 2
n(O
2
) = 0.5.n(O) = 0,5.[n(H
2
O) + 2.n(CO
2
) - 2.n(ancol)] = 0,65 (mol)
V= 0,65.22,4 = 14,56 (l)
p n A
Cu 7: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm ba ancol (n chc, thuc cng dy ng
ng) thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 11,7 gam H
2
O. Mt khc, nu un nng m gam X vi
H
2
SO
4
c th tng khi lng ete ti a thu c l
A. 7,85 gam. B. 7,40 gam. C. 6,50 gam. D. 5,60 gam.
Gii: n(H
2
O) =
18
7 , 11
= 0,65 (mol); n(CO
2
) =
4 , 22
96 , 8
=0,4(mol)
n(ancol) = n(H
2
O) - n(CO
2
) = 0,25(mol)
m(ancol) = m(C) + m(H) + m(O) = 12.0,4 + 2.0,65 + 16.0,25 = 10,1 (g)
Bo ton O => n(H
2
O p to ete) = n(ancol) = 0,2 (mol)
m(ete) = m(ancol) m(H
2
O) = 10,1 0,25.18 = 5,6 (g)
p n D

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

7
DNG III : BI TON POLIME
I.MT S LU

*Thng thng khi vit phn ng trng hp v ng trng hp hay trng
ngng ngi ta thng vit theo t l 1:1>
*Trong gii bi tp c th khng theo t l
V d: xC
4
H
6
+ C
3
H
3
N (C
4
H
6
)
x
(C
3
H
3
N)
y

(C
4
H
6
)
x
(C
3
H
3
N)
y
+x Br
2
(C
4
H
6
)
x
Br
2x
(C
3
H
3
N)
y

*S mt xch = m / M(mi mt xch)
*Cht PVC ch cha lin kt n nn tham gia phn ng th, nhng coa su
izopren khi tham gia phn ng lu ha li tham gia phn ng th d cn c 1
lin kt i.

II.BI TP
Cu 1: Thu phn 1250 gam protein X thu c 425 gam alanin. Nu phn t khi ca X bng
100.000 vC th s mt xch alanin c trong phn t X l
A. 328. B. 382. C. 453. D. 479.
Gii : T l v khi lng ca alanin trong phn t X l: 425:1250= 0,34
Khi lng alanin trong phn t X l: 100000.0,34 = 34000 (vC)
Mt xch Alanin: -NH-CH(CH
3
)-CO- (M=71vC)
S mt xch alanin trong phn t X l: 34000:71=479
Cu 2: Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1 phn t
clo phn ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.
Gii : C
2n
H
3n
Cl
n
+Cl
2
C
2n
H
3n-1
Cl
n +1
+ HCl
T l % v khi lng ca clo: % 96 , 63
5 , 34 5 , 62
100 5 , 35 ) 1 (
=
+
+
n
n
n=3 Chn D
Cu 3: Khi lng ca mt on mch t nilon-6,6 l 27346 vC v ca mt on mch t capron
l 17176 vC. S lng mt xch trong on mch nilon-6,6 v capron nu trn ln lt l
A. 121 v 114. B. 113 v 114. C. 113 v 152. D. 121 v 152.
Gii : T nilon- 6,6: (-NH-[CH
2
]
2
CH(COOH)-CH
2
-NH-CO-[CH
2
]
4
-CO-)
n
(M=242n vC)
T capron: (-NH-[CH
2
]
5
-CO-)
n
(M= 113n vC)
s mt xch trong nilon-6,6 : 27346: 242= 113
s mt xch trong capron: 17176: 113= 152
Cu 4: C 5,668 g cao su buna-S phn ng va ht vi 3,462 g brom trong CCl
4
. T l mt xch butaien
v stiren trong cao su buna-S l
A. 1 : 3. B. 1 : 2. C. 2 : 3. D. 3 : 5
Gii : (-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-)
x
(-CH(C
6
H
5
)-CH
2
-)
y
+ xBr
2

4
CCl

(-CH
2
-CHBr-CHBr-CH
2
-)
x
(-CH(C
6
H
5
)-CH
2
-)
y

S mol mt xch butadien trong buna-S bng s mol Br
2
bng
160
462 , 3
(mol)
S mol mt xch stiren :
104
54
160
462 , 3
668 , 5
(mol)
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

8
t l x:y =
160
462 , 3
:
104
54
160
462 , 3
668 , 5
=1:2

Cu 5: Khi t chy hon ton mt polime X (to thnh do ng trng hp 2,3-imetyl butaien
v acrilo nitin (CH
2
=CH-CN) vi lng O
2
va thy to thnh mt hn hp kh nng p
sut xc nh cha 57,69% CO
2
v V. T l 2 loi monome l
A. 3/5 B. 3/3 C. 1/3 D. 3/2
Gii : (C
6
H
10
)
x
(C
3
H
3
N)
y

o
t O ,
2
(6x + 3y) CO
2
+ (5x + 1,5y) H
2
O + 0,5N
2
T l % v th tch ca CO
2
trong hn hp kh:
y y x y x
y x
5 , 0 ) 5 , 1 5 ( ) 3 6 (
100 ) 3 6 (
+ + + +
+
=57,69%
x:y =1:3
Cu 6: Mt loi cao su cha 2% S. Hi c bao nhiu mt xch izopren th c mt cu ni
ddiissunfua S-S-?
A.46. B.64. C.80. D.64.
Gii: S : (C
5
H
8
)
n
+S
2
C
5n
H
8n -2
S
2

T l % isunfua
62 68
100 64
+
n
=2% n=46

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

9
DNG IV : S DNG PHNG PHP ION
TRONG GII BI TP
I.MT S LU

*nh lut bo ton in tch : Trong dung dch tng s in tch m = Tng s
in tch dng
*Tng khi lng cc cht tan trong dung dch = Tng khi lng ca cation
v anion
*Khi lng ca mui = Khi lng ca kim loi + khi lng ca caction to
mui

II.BI TP
Cu 1:Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400ml dung dch (gm
H
2
SO
4
0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.

Gii : Phn ng: H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
n
OH
-
= 0,1 0,1 2 + 0,1 0,1=0,03 mol
n
H
+
= 0,4 0,0375 2 + 0,4 0,0125 = 0,035 mol
n
H+
= n
OH
-
= 0,03 mol
n
H
+
d = 0,035 0,03 = 0,005 mol
[H
+
] = 0,005/ (0,4 + 0,1) = 0,01 = 10
-2
(M) => pH
X
= 2
Chn p n B
Cu 2:Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na
+
; 0,02 mol SO
4
2-
v x mol OH
-
. Dung dch Y c cha
ClO
4
-
; NO
3
-
; y mol H
+
; tng s mol ClO
4
-
v NO
3
-
l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100 ml dung dch Z.
Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca H
2
O)
A. 1. B. 12. C. 13. D. 2.
Gii : p dng nh lut bo ton in tch cho 2 dung dch X v Y ta c:
Dung dch X: 0,07 1 = 0,02 2 + x 1 => x = 0,03 mol
Dung dch Y : y 1 = 0,04 1 => y = 0,04 mol
Phng trnh : H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
n
H+
= n
OH
-
= 0,03 mol n
H+
d = 0,04 0,03 = 0,01 mol
[H
+
] = 0,01/0,1 = 0,1= 10
-1
(M) => pH
Z
= 1
Chn p n A
Cu 3: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe
3+
, SO
4
2-
, NH
4
+
, Cl
-
. Chia dung dch X thnh hai phn
bng nhau:- Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh
( ktc) v 1,07 gam kt ta;
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl
2
, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta.
Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c
nc bay hi)
Gii : Phn 1 tc dng vi dd NaOH, un nng:
NH
4
+
+ OH
-
NH
3

+ H
2
O (1)
Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3
(2)
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

10
n(NH
3
) =
4 , 22
672 , 0
= 0, 03 mol. T (1) => n(NH
4
+
) = n(NH
3
) = 0,03 mol
n(Fe(OH)
3
)

= 1,07/ 107 = 0,01 mol. T (2) => n
Fe
3+

= n
Fe(OH)3
= 0,01 mol
Phn 2: tc dng vi lng d BaCl
2

SO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaSO
4

n
BaSO4
=
233
66 , 4
= 0,02 mol. => n
SO42-
= n
BaSO4
= 0,02 mol
Gi x l s ion mol Cl
-
c trong dd X
Theo nh lut bo ton in tch ta c:
30,012 + 0,0312 = 0,0222 + x1 => x = 0,04 mol
Khi lng dung dch mui X sau khi c cn l:
0,01256 +0,03218 + 0,02296 + 0,0435,5 = 7,46 g
chn p n C
Cu 4: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Na
+
, HCO
3

v Cl
, trong s mol ca ion Cl

l 0,1. Cho
1/2 dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho 1/2 dung dch X cn
li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n cn dung
dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,21. B. 9,26. C. 8,79. D. 7,47.
Gii : Cho 1/2 dd X tc dng vi dd NaOH d
HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O (1)
CO
3
2-
+ Ca
2+
CaCO
3
(2)
n
CaCO3
=
100
2
= 0,02 mol. T (1), (2) => n
Ca2+
= n
CaCO3
= 0,02 mol
Cho 1/2 dd X cn li tc dng vi Ca(OH)
2
d
n
CaCO3
=
100
3
= 0,03 mol. => n
HCO3-
= n
CaCO3
= 0,03 mol
Gi x l s mol ion Na
+
c trong dd X
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch cho dd X ta c:
0,02 22 +x1 = 10,032 + 0,1 => x =0,08 mol
Nu un si dd X th : 2HCO
3
-
CO
3
2-
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2
CaCO
3

m = m
CaCO3
+ m
Na+
+ m
Cl-
- m
CO2
+ m
Ca2+
d
= 0,03100 + 0,0823 + 0,135,5 +(0,04 0,03)40 - 440,03 = 7,47g
Chn p n D
Cu 5: Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO
3
)
2
vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H
2
SO
4
(long).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 6,72. B. 8,96. C. 4,48. D. 10,08.
Gii : n
NO3-

= 0,62 = 1,2 mol , nFe
2+
= 0,6 mol n
H+
= 0,9 2= 1,8 mol
Phn ng theo th t : 3Cu + 2NO
3
-
+ 8H
+
3 Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4 H
2
O (1)
B 0,3 1,2 1,8
P 0,3 0,2 0,8
Sau 0 1,0 1,0 0,2
3Fe
2+
+ 4H
+
+ NO
3
-
3Fe
3+
+ NO + 2H
2
O (2)
B 0,6 1,0 1,0
P 0,6 0,8 0,2
Sau 0 0,2 0,8 0,2

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

11
T (2) => n
NO
=
3
1
n Fe
2+
=
3
1
0,6 = 0,2 mol
V
NO
= (0,2 +0,2 ) 22,4= 8,96 l Chn p n B

DNG V : BI TON V PHN NG GIA HIRO
VI HP CHT HU C
I.MT S LU

*S mol gim = s mol H
2
phn ng
*Tng khi lng trc = Tng khi lng sau
*S mol H
2
/ S mol X = k

II.BI TP
Cu 1: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,04 mol H
2
vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi
gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d)
th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O
2
l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch
brom tng l
Gii : m(Y) = m(C
2
H
2
) + m(H
2
) = 0,06.26 + 0,04.2 = 1,64(g)
m(bnh dd Br
2
tng) = m(Y) m(Z) = 1,64 -
4 , 22
448 . 0
.32.0,5 = 1,32(g)
p n B
Cu 2: Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v C
2
H
4
c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng,
thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l
A. 25%. B. 50%. C. 20%. D. 40%.
Gii :
Cch 1: Chn lng cht
m(X) = m(Y) = m. Chn 1 mol X m=3,75.4.1=15(g)
n
Y
= 75 , 0
4 . 5
15
= (mol)
n(H
2
p) = n(C
2
H
4
p) = n(gim) = 0,25(mol)
H%= % 50 100 .
1
2 . 25 , 0
= p n B
Cch 2: Tng qut
m(X) = m(Y) = m
20 4 . 5
15 4 . 75 , 3
= =
= =
n
n
Y
X
m
m
=> n
Y
=0,75n
x

n(H
2
p) = n(C
2
H
4
p) = n(gim) = 0,25n
X

H% = 2.0,25=0,5=50% p n B

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

12
Cu 3: Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy
nht. T khi ca X so vi H
2
bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 13.
Cng thc cu to ca anken l
A. CH
2
=CH
2
. B. CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
. C. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
. D. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)
2
.
Gii : Y khng mt mu dd Br
2
=> anken b kh ht
Cch 1: Chn lng cht
Chn 1mol X, m(X) = m(Y) = m, m=9,1.2.1=18,2 (g)
n
Y
= 7 , 0
2 . 13
2 , 18
= (mol)
n(H
2
p) = n(anken) = n(gim) = 0,3(mol)
n(H
2
) = 0,7(mol)
M(anken) = 56
3 . 0
4 , 1 2 , 18
=
(g/mol)=> Anken: C
4
H
8

Anken cng HBr to 1 sn phm duy nht
p n B
Cch 2: Tng qut
m(X) = m(Y) = m,
26 2 . 13
2 . 18 2 . 1 , 9
= =
= =
n
n
Y
X
m
m
=> n
Y
=0,7n
x

n(H
2
p) = n(anken) = n(gim) = 0,3n
X
n(H
2
) = 0,7n
x

M(anken). 0,3n
x
+ 1,4n
X
= 18,2n
x
M(anken) = 56 => Anken: C
4
H
8

Anken cng HBr to 1 sn phm duy nht
p n B
Cu 4: Hn hp kh X gm 0,3 mol H
2
v 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X mt thi gian vi xc
tc Ni thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 1. Nu cho ton b Y sc t t vo
dung dch brom (d) th c m gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,0. B. 16,0. C. 32,0. D. 3,2.
Gii : m(Y) = m(X) = 0,3.2 + 0,1.52=5,8(g)
n
Y
= 2 , 0
1 . 29
8 , 5
= (mol) n(H
2
p) = n(lin kt t p) = 0,2(mol)
n(lk t d) = n(Br
2
p) = 3.0,1 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
m(Br
2
) = 0,1.160 =16 (g) p n B
Cu 5: Dn V lt ( ktc) hn hp X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt niken nung
nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
thu c 12 gam kt ta.
Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam brom v cn li kh Z. t chy hon ton
kh Z thu c 2,24 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) v 4,5 gam nc. Gi tr ca V bng
A. 5,60. B. 13,44. C. 8,96. D. 11,2.
Gii :
X(C
2
H
2
,H
2
)Y(C
2
H
2
,H
2
,C
2
H
4
,C
2
H
6
)(H
2
,C
2
H
4
,C
2
H
6
)(H
2
,C
2
H
6
) CO
2
+H
2
O
n(C
2
Ag
2
) = 05 , 0
240
12
= (mol) = n(C
2
H
2
d)
n(C
2
H
4
) = n(Br
2
) = 1 , 0
160
16
= (mol) = n(C
2
H
2
p 1) = n(H
2
p 1)
n(C
2
H
6
) = 0,5n(CO
2
) = 0,5.
4 , 22
24 , 2
= 0,05 (mol) = n(C
2
H
2
p 2) = 0,5n(H
2
p 2)
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

13
n(H
2
d) = n(H
2
O) 3n(C
2
H
6
) = 1 , 0 05 , 0 . 3
18
5 , 4
= (mol)
n(X) = 0,05+0,1+0,1+0,05+0,05.2+0,1=0,5 (mol)
V=0,5.22,4=11,2 (l) p n D
Cu 6: un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H
2
(xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit
, p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H
2
c s mol bng s mol
Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit
A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc. B. no, mch h, hai
chc.
C.khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc. D. no, mch h, n
chc.
Gii : Chn 1 mol X
*1 mol andehit X + 3 mol H
2
2 mol hn hp Y
n (gim) = n(H
2
p) = 2 (mol) . Ta c : n(H
2
)/nX = 2 S lk t = 2
*S nhm OH (Z)=2 2
) (
) (
2
=
Z n
n
H
=> X l andehit 2 chc c 2 lin kt t p n B
Cu 7: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip
nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon
ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,5. B. 8,8. C. 24,8. D. 17,8.
Gii : m(tng) = m(H
2
) => n(H
2
) = 5 , 0
2
1
= (mol)
Gi cng thc chung 2 andehit l
O H C n n 2

O H CO O O H C
n n
n
n n 2 2 2 2
2
1 3
+
+

Ptp: 1
2
1 3 n
(mol)
Bi ra: 0,5 8 , 0
4 , 22
92 , 17
= (mol)

2
1 3 n
=1,6 => n =1,4 M (X) = 35,6 => m=35,6.0,5=17,8 (g) => p n D
Cu 8: Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H
2
i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu
c 11,7 gam H
2
O v 7,84 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H
2
trong X l
A. 35,00%. B. 65,00%. C. 53,85%. D. 46,15%.
Gii : n(HCHO) = n(CO
2
) = 35 , 0
4 , 22
84 , 7
= (mol)
m(X) = m(C) + m(H) + m(O) = 12.n(CO
2
) + 2.n(H
2
O) + 16.n(HCHO)
= 12.0,35 + 2.
18
7 , 11
+ 16.0,35 = 11,1 (g)
n(H
2
) = 3 , 0
2
30 . 35 , 0 1 , 11
=
(mol)
%V(H
2
) = %n(H
2
) = % 15 , 46 100 .
35 , 0 3 , 0
3 , 0
=
+
=> p n D
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

14
Cu 9: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
, thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H
2
d (xc tc Ni, t
o
) th 0,125 mol
X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H
2
. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
A. C
n
H
2n+1
CHO (n 0). B. C
n
H
2n-1
CHO (n 2).
C. C
n
H
2n-3
CHO (n 2). D. C
n
H
2n
(CHO)
2
(n 0).
Gii : S nhm CHO = 1
108 . 25 , 0 . 2
54
) ( . 2
) (
= =
X n
Ag n
S t = 2
125 , 0
25 , 0
) (
) (
2
= =
X n
n
H

S lk t trong gc H-C = 2-1 = 1 => p n B
Cu 10: un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,03 mol H
2
trong mt bnh kn (xc tc
Ni), thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc cc
phn ng, khi lng bnh tng m gam v c 280 ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca
Z so vi H
2
l 10,08. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,585. B. 0,620. C. 0,205. D. 0,328.
Gii : m(Y) = m(X) = 0,02.26 + 0,03.2 = 0,58 (g) m(Z) = 252 , 0 2 . 08 , 10 .
4 , 22
28 , 0
= (g)
m = m(Y) m(Z) = 0,58 0,252 = 0,328 (g) => p n D
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

15
DNG VI : DNG KT QU TH
I.MT S LU

*Khi gii Bi tp ta nn c ht ton bi (c bit l kt qu)
*T kt qu ta c th d don hay em th
*Vi bi tp xc nh cng thc phn t hay xc nh thnh phn nh lng
th gip ta gii nhanh hn.
*C th dng cc gi tr TB, s mol cc cht hay gii h phng trnh th

II.BI TP
Cu 1: Ho tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe
x
O
y
v Cu bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng (d). Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung
dch cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 39,34%. B. 65,57%. C. 26,23%. D. 13,11%.
Gii :
Cch 1: *Nu ch Cu to SO
2
th

% (m) Cu = 0,0225x64x100/2,44=59,02% khc kt qu
=> Vy Fe
x
O
y l FeO hay
Fe
3
O
4
*Th vi FeO : 72x + 64y = 2,44 v x + y =0,0225 y =0,01
% (m) Cu = 0,01x64x100/2,44=26,23% => Chn C
Cch 2: nSO
2
= 0,0225
Gi a l s mol H
2
SO
4
tham gia p:
S p: X + H
2
SO
4
Mui + SO
2
+ H
2
O
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:
2,44 + 98a = 6,6 + 1,44 + 18a a = 0,7
nSO
4
2-
= 0,07- 0,0225 = 0,0475
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol Fe
2
(SO4)
3
v CuSO
4

3x + y = 0,0475 x = 0,0125
400x + 160y = 6,6 y = 0,01
m Cu = 0,64 g %mCu = 26,23 % Chn C
Cch 3: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ri lp h gii.
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon).
Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H
2
(
ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO
2
. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn
trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l
A. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 54,88%. B. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%.
C. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%. D. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 70,87%.
Gii : Ta c n H
2
= 0,2 mol , nCO
2
= 0,6 mol
Gi a, b l s mol axit n chc v axit 2 chc.
n l s nguyn t cacbon trong 2 axit.
Ta c: a + 2b = 0,2 v n( a + b ) = 0,6
Da vo kt qu suy ra n = 2 hoc 3
n = 2 => a = 0,2 , b = 0 => loi
Vy 2 axit l HCOO-COOH v CH
3
COOH
mX = 0,2.60 + 0,1.90 = 21g %mZ = 42,86% => Chn C.
Cu 3: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml
dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon
ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

16
(d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l
A. HCOOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. HCOOH v HCOOC
3
H
7
.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. D. CH
3
COOH v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
Gii :
Cch 1: Theo kt qu hn hp gm ROOH v RCOOR
/

T n(R
/
OH) = 0,015 mol n(RCOOR
/
) = 0,015 v n(RCOOH) = 0,25
Mt khc cng thc chung C
n
H
2n
O
2
n (CO
2
+ H
2
O) n=2,75 loi C
Thc hin php th bi phng trnh:
(n 0,025 + m 0,015)/0,04 =2,75 => Chn D
Cch 2: n KOH = 0,04 mol , n ancol = 0,015 mol
Theo bi ra suy ra X gm 1este v 1 axit hu c
Gi CT l :C
n
H
2n+1
COOC
m
H
2m+1
v C
n
H
2n+1
COOH
n(ancol) = n (este) = 0,015mol => n axit = 0,04 0,015 = 0,025 mol
m(bnh tng) = m CO
2
+ m H
2
O
= (m + n + 1).0,015.44 +(n + 1).0,025.44 + (2n + 2m + 2).0,015.9 + (2n + 2).0,025.9 = 6,82
0,93m + 2,48n = 4,34 c cp nghim ph hp n = 1 v m = 2
Vy 2 cht l CH
3
COOH v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 4: Thu phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100 gam dung dch NaOH
24%, thu c mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit
l
A. HCOOH v C
2
H
5
COOH. B. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH. D. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH.
Gii :
Cch 1 : n NaOH = 0,6 mol n NaOH / n este = 3 => este 3 chc
CT chung 2 mui RCOONa => R=5,6 = 17/3 => loi C, D
Nhn xt: S mol mui ny gp i mui kia
Thc hin php th (1.1 + 29.2)/3 = 19,6 => loi
Thc hin php th (1.2 + 29.1)/3 = 10,3 => loi => chn B
Cch 2 : n NaOH = 0,6 mol
Ta c : n NaOH / n este = 3 => este 3 chc
Gi CT 2 mui ca axit C
n
H
2n+1
COONa v C
m
H
2m+1
COONa
=>m Mui = 0,2.( 14n + 68) + 0,4.(14m + 68) = 43,6g
=>2,8n + 5,6m = 2,8. cp nghim ph hp n = 1, m = 0
Vy 2 axit la HCOOH v CH
3
COOH => Chn B
Cu 3: Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol v hai loi axit bo. Hai
loi axit bo l
A. C
15
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH. B. C
17
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
33
COOH.
C. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH. D. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH.
Gii :
Ta c : C
15
H
31
= 211 , C
17
H
31
= 235 , C
17
H
33
= 237 , C
17
H
35
= 239.
(RCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

R = 238,33 = 715/3 Loi B, C.
Dng php th : 211.2+239.1 = 715 Hay 211.1+239.2 = 715 Chn D

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

17
DNG VII : DNG BI TP THEO
S CHUYN HA
I.MT S LU

*Theo phng php bo ton ta c th lc b cc trng thi trung gian v gi
tr n.
*Nu c H% th ban u ta coi nh phn ng hon ton, sau mi a H%
vo
*H%(chung)=
100
1 H
100
2 H
100
3 H
...100%
II.BI TP
Cu 1: Cho s chuyn ha: CH
4
C
2
H
2
C
2
H
3
Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC theo
s trn th cn V m
3
kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH
4
chim 80% th tch kh
thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%).
A. 286,7. B. 448,0. C. 358,4. D. 224,0.
Gii : S : 2 CH
4
. C
2
H
3
Cl
8 kmol 4 kmol
S mol CH
4
cn dng l : 8.100/50 =16kmol
Th tch kh thin nhin cn dng l: 16.22,4.100/80 =448 lt Chn B
Cu 2: Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol (ru) etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b lng
CO
2
sinh ra c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, thu c 550 gam kt ta v dung
dch X. un k dung dch X thu thm c 100 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 550. B. 650. C. 750. D. 810.
Gii : n(CO2) = 5,5 + 2 = 7,5 mol
S : (C
6
H
10
O
5
)n nC
6
H
12
O
6
2n C
2
H
5
OH + 2n CO
2

3,75 7,5
Khi lng tinh bt cn dng l 3,75. 163 .100/81 = 750 gam => Chn C
Cu 3: Cho s
2
o o
+ Cl (1:1) + NaOH, du + HCl
6 6
Fe, t t cao,P cao
C H X Y Z
.
Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt l:
A.C
6
H
5
ONa, C
6
H
5
OH. B.C
6
H
5
OH, C
6
H
5
Cl. C.C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
, C
6
H
4
Cl
2
. D.C
6
H
6
(OH)
6
, C
6
H
6
Cl
6
.
Gii : *Trong mi trng OH
-
C
6
H
5
OH tn ti dng C
6
H
5
ONa
=> Chn A
Cu 4: Cho s chuyn ho sau :
0 0
2
Br (1:1mol),Fe,t NaOH(d ),t ,p HCl(d )
Toluen X Y Z
+ + +

.
Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c, Z c thnh phn chnh gm :
A. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. B. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol.
C. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen. D. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol.
Gii : *Trong mi trng OH
-
hp cht phenol tn ti dng mui.
* Nm c qui lut th vng ben zen

Z l o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol.
Cu 5: Cho s chuyn ho:
2 4
o
H SO + HBr + Mg, etekhan
t
Butan - 2- ol X(anken) Y Z
c
.
Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

18
Al + 3Ag
+

Al
3+
+
3Ag +
Ban u 0,1 mol 0,55 mol
P 0,1mol 0,3 mol
Cn li 0,25 mol 0,1 mol 0,3 mol

A. CH
3
-CH(MgBr)-CH
2
-CH
3
. B. (CH
3
)
2
CH-CH
2
-MgBr.
C. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-MgBr. D. (CH
3
)
3
C-MgBr.
Gii : *Nm c qui tc tch Zai xep xc dnh sn phm chnh
Chn A.
DNG VIII : BI TON LIN QUAN N DY IN HA
CA KIM LOI
I.MT S LU

*Qui tc

*Lu :
Fe
2+
Cu
2+
Fe
3+
Ag
+
NO
3
-
/H
+
H
2
SO
4
c
Fe Cu Fe
2+
Ag NO H
2
S, SO
2
, S
*Nu dng oxi ha cng mnh th dng kh cng yu v ngc li.
*iu quan trng l bit c th t ca phn ng.

II.BI TP
Cu 1: Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO
3
1M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t trong dy
th in ho: Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
ng trc Ag
+
/Ag).
A. 54,0. B. 59,4 C. 64,8. D. 32,4.
Gii : Ta c nAl = 2,7:27=0,1(mol) , nFe= 5,6 : 56= 0,1(mol) , nAgNO
3
= 0,55.1= 0,55 (mol)

m=m
Ag
= (0,3+0,2+0,05) x 108= 59,4(g)
Cu 2: Cho m
1
gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,3M v AgNO
3
0,3M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m
2
gam cht rn X. Nu cho m
2
gam X tc dng vi
lng d dung dch HCl th thu c 0,336 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m
1
v m
2
ln lt l
A. 1,08 v 5,43. B. 0,54 v 5,16. C. 1,08 v 5,16. D. 8,10 v 5,43.
Gii : n Cu(NO
3
)
2
= nAgNO
3
= 0,3.0,1=0,03 (mol) , nH
2
= 0,336:22,4= 0,015 (mol)
Fe + 2Ag
+

Fe
2+
+
2Ag +

P 0,1mol 0,2 mol
Cn li 0,05 mol 0,1 mol 0,2 mol

Fe
2+
+ Ag
+

Fe
3+
+
Ag +

P 0,05mol 0,05 mol
Cn li 0,05 mol 0,05mol 0,05mol

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

19
Do X tc dng c vi HCl nn X cn cha Al. Vy Al d, Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
phn ng ht:

(1)

(2)

(3)

m
1
=m
Al
(1,2,3)= (0,2+0,1+0,1) x 27 = 1,08 (g)
m
2
= m
Cu
+ m
Ag
+ m
Al
(3)= 0,03x64 + 0,03x108 + 0,01x27= 5,43(g)
Cu 3: Tin hnh hai th nghim sau:
- Th nghim 1: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V
1
lt dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M;.
- Th nghim 2: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V
2
lt dung dch AgNO
3
0,1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c hai th nghim u bng
nhau. Gi tr ca V
1
so vi V
2
l
A. V
1
= V
2
. B. V
1
= 2 V
2
. C. V
1
= 5V
2
. D. V
1
= 10 V
2
.
Gii : nCu(NO
3
)
2
= 1.V
1
= V
1
(mol) , nAgNO
3
= 0,1.V
2
= 0,1V
2
(mol)

Khi lng cht rn thu c sau 2 phn ng bng nhau => 8V
1
=8V
2
V
1
=8V
2
Cu 4: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu
2+
v 1 mol Ag
+

n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc
gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A. 1,8. B. 1,2. C. 2,0. D. 1,5.
Gii : Sp xp theo tng dn tnh oxi ha: Mg
2+
<Zn
2+
<Cu
2+
<Ag
+
M dung dch thu c cha 3 ion kim loi l Mg
2+
, Zn
2+
, Cu
2+
Mg v Zn phn ng ht.
Cu
2+
Cu + 2e Ag
+
Cu + e
in tch ca dung dch Cu
2+
v Ag
+
l: 2x2+1x1=5 mol e
Mg + 2e Mg
2+
Zn + 2e Zn
2+
m bo dung dch cn cha Cu
2+
th (1,2.2 + 2x) < 5 x < 1,3 (mol)
ch c x=1,2 tha mn
Cu 5: Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO
4
. Sau khi kt thc cc
phn ng, lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng
ca Zn trong hn hp bt ban u l
A. 90,27%. B. 82,20%. C. 12,67%. D. 85,30%.
Gii :

2Al

+ 3Cu
2+

2Al
3+
+ 3Cu
0,02 mol 0,03 mol

Al

+ 3Ag
+

Al
3+
+ 3Ag
0,01 mol 0,03 mol

2Al

+ 6H
+

2Al
3+
+ 3H
2
0,01 mol 0,015mol

Fe

+ Cu
2+

Fe
2+
+ Cu
V
1
mol V
1
mol
V
1
mol
Tng 8V
1
gam
Fe

+ 2Ag
+

Fe
2+
+ 2Ag
0,05V
2
mol 0,1V
2
mol 0,1V
2

mol
Tng 8V
2
gam
Fe

+ Cu
2+

Fe
2+
+ Cu
a mol a mol
a mol
Tng 8a gam
Zn

+ Cu
2+

Zn
2+
+ Cu
b mol b mol
b mol
Gim b gam
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

20

Do khi lng kim loi thu c bng trc phn ng => 8a-b=0 8a=b
%m(Zn)=
8 56 1 65
100 1 65
+

= 12,67%
Cu 6: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H
2
SO
4
c, nng (gi thit SO
2
l sn phm
kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c.
A. 0,03 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,06 mol FeSO
4
. B. 0,05 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,08 mol FeSO
4
. D. 0,12 mol FeSO
4
.
Gii : nFe= 6,72:56=0,12 mol

Cu 7: Th tch dung dch HNO
3
1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt hn hp
gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO).
A. 0,6 lt. B. 1,0 lt. C. 1,2 lt. D. 0,8.
Gii : Qu trnh cho e

Qu trinh nhn e

s mol HNO
3
cn dng l t nht th a
4
3
=0,3+0,3=0.6 a= 0,8 (mol)
Vdd HNO
3
= 0,8/1=0,8 (lt)
Cu 8: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm
H
2
SO
4
0,5M v NaNO
3
0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt
ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 240. B. 400. C. 120. D. 360.
Gii : nH
+
=2nH
2
SO
4
=0,5x0,4=0,4 mol , nNO
3
-
= nNaNO
3
= 0,2x0,4=0,08 mol ,
nFe=1,12:56=0,02 mol , nCu=1,92:64=0,03 mol
2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4

Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Ban u 0,12 0,3
P ng 0,1 0,3
Cn li 0,02 0,05

Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ Fe

3FeSO
4
Ban u 0,05mol 0,02 mol
P ng 0,02mol 0,02 mol
Cn li 0,03 mol 0,06mol

Fe

Fe
2+
+ 2e
0,15 mol 0,3 mol
Cu

Cu
2+
+ 2e
0,15 mol 0,3 mol
4H
+
+

NO
3
-
+ 3e

NO

+ 2H
2
O

a mol

a
4
3

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

21

Vdd NaOH= (0,24+0,06+0,06)x1000/1=360ml
Cu 9: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a m gam
Cu. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,84. B. 3,20. C. 1,92. D. 0,64.
Gii : nHNO
3
= 1x0,4=0,4 mol , nFe = 6,72:56= 0,12 mol

m = 0,03x64=1,92 (g)
Cu 10: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO
3
0,1M v
Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn
Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,08. B. 0,64. C. 2,16. D. 2,80.
Gii : nFe= 2,24:56=0,04 (mol) , nCu
2+
=0,5x0,2=0,1(mol) , nAg
+
=0,1x0,2=0,02(mol)

H
+
+ OH
-

H
2
O
0,24 mol 0,24 mol
Fe + 4H
+
+ NO
3
-

Fe
3+
+NO +H2O
Ban u 0,02 0,4 0,08
P ng 0,02 0,08 0,02
Cn li 0,32 0,06 0,02

3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
-

3Cu
2+
+ 2NO +h
2
O
Ban u 0,03 0,4 0,06
P ng 0,03 0,08 0,02
Cn li 0,24 0,04 0,03

Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-

Fe(OH)
3
0,02 mol 0,06 mol

Cu
2+
+ 2OH
-

Cu(OH)
2
0,03 mol 0,06 mol

Fe + 4H
+
+ NO
3
-

Fe
3+
+ NO +H
2
O
Ban u 0,12 0,4 0,08
P ng 0,1 0,4 0,02
Cn li 0,02 0,02 0,06 0,1

2Fe
3+
+ Fe

3Fe
2+
P ng 0,04 mol 0,02 mol
Cn li 0,06 mol

2Fe
3+
+ Cu

2Fe
2+
+ Cu
2+
0,06 mol 0,03 mol

Fe

+ 2Ag
+

Fe
2+
+
Ag +

P 0,01mol 0,02 mol
Cn li 0,03 mol 0,02 mol 0,01mol 0,02mol
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

22

m Y=m
Cu
+m
Ag
= 0,03x64+0,02x108=4,08 (g)

Fe

+ Cu
2+

Fe
2+
+
Cu +

P 0,03mol 0,03 mol
Cn li 0,03 mol 0,07 mol 0,03mol 0,03mol
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

23
DNG IX : DNG TON T L
I.MT S LU

*Mt s bi tp ta khng xc nh c s mol c th tng cht m ch tm
c t l mol cc cht.
*T t l ta c th chn lng cht
*Ty tng trng hp nhng nn t cho cht c t l nh hn l x...

II.BI TP
Cu 1: Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H
2
( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 5,4. B. 43,2. C. 7,8. D. 10,8.
Gii : Gi a l n
Na
=> n
Al
= 2a
Do sau p/ cn cht rn khng tan nn Al d
Phn ng : Na + H
2
O NaOH + H
2
a a a/2
NaOH + Al + H
2
O NaAlO
2
+ 3/2 H
2

a a 3a/2
a/2 + 3a/2 = 8.96/22.4 a = 0.2
n
Al d
= 2a a = 0.2 (mol) m = 5.4 (g) chn A
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt kh. Nu
cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn trm theo
khi lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin).
A. 29,87%. B. 39,87%. C. 77,31%. D. 49,87%.
Gii : Gi a,b ln lt l s mol ca Na v Al
Do khi tc dng vi nc ch to V(l) H
2
cn khi tc dng vi NaOH th to 1,75V(l) H
2
nn Al
d trng hp u. Do t l s mol = t l th tch nn c th coi n
H2
ln lt l V v 1,17V.
Na + H
2
O NaOH + H
2
(1)
NaOH + Al + H
2
O NaAlO
2
+ 3/2 H
2
(2)
Ta c : (x/2 +3x/2) : (x/2+3y/2) = 1/1,75 x/y=1/2
% (m)
Na
= 29,87 chn A
Cu 3: Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl
3
vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th
cn c t l.
A. a : b > 1 : 4 B. a : b < 1 : 4. C. a : b = 1 : 4. D. a : b = 1 : 5.
Gii : Do t l trong phn ng to kt ta gia AlCl
3
v NaOH l 1:3 v t l trong phn ng ha
tan kt ta l 1:1 nn thu c kt ta th cn c t l a:b Chn A
Cu 4: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO
3
, thu c V lt
(ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO
2
) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi
ca X i vi H
2
bng 19. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24. B. 3,36. C. 5,60. D. 4,48.
Gii : Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca Zn v Cu
Theo bi ra ta c h: a : b = 1:1 v 56a + 64 b = 12 a = 0.1 v b = 0.1
gi x, y ln lt l s mol NO v NO
2

pt bo ton e:
Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e N
+5
+ 3e N
+2

0.1 0.2 x 3x
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

24
Fe Fe
3+
+3e N
+5
+ 1e N
+4

0.1 0.3 y y
ta c h: 3x + y = 0.5 v 30x + 46y = 19*2(x+y) x = y = 0.125(mol)
V = 2x0,125x22,4 = 5,6(l) chn C
Cu 5: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung dch
cha 0,2 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 12,80. B. 12,00. C. 6,40. D. 16,53.
Gii : n(Fe
3+
)

= 0.4 mol. Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca Zn v Cu
Gii h tng t cu 4 ta c a = 0.1 v b = 0.2
Cc phn ng: Zn + 2Fe
3+
Zn
2+
+ 2Fe
2+

0.1 0,2
Cu + 2Fe
3+
Cu
2+
+ 2Fe
2+

(0.4-0,2)
n
Cu d
= 0,1 m = 6,4 chn C
Cu 6: Hn hp kh X gm N
2
v H
2
c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X mt thi gian
trong bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He bng 2. Hiu
sut ca phn ng tng hp NH
3
l
A. 25%. B. 50%. C. 36%. D. 40%.
Gii : Chn n
hh
= 1mol v gi a,b ln lt l s mol ca N
2
v H
2
. Ta c h:
a + b =1 v 28a + 2b = 1,8 . 4 a = 0,2 v b = 0,8
gi x l s mol N
2
phn ng : N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3

x 3x 2x
Ta c : n(sau) = 1-2x
p dng LBTKL. m
hhsau
= m
hhtrc
= 1,8*4 = 7,2
7,2/(2*4) = 1- 2x x = 0,05(mol)
H = 0,05*100/0,2 =25% chn A
Cu 7: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H
2
SO
4
(t l x : y = 2 : 5), thu
c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui sunfat. S mol electron do lng Fe
trn nhng khi b ho tan l
A. 2x. B. 3x. C. 2y. D. y.
Gii :
Fe Fe
3+
+ 3e 4H
+
+ SO
4
2-
+ 2e SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
y/3 2(y-y/2)/3 y 2y y/2 y y/2
p/ Fe + Fe
3+
Fe
2+
, ch xy ra s cho nhn e gia Fe v Fe
3+
(c to ra t x mol Fe
ban u) coi nh khng c s nhng e ca Fe ban u.
Vy s mol e m Fe nhng l y chn D

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

25
DNG X : DNG TON QUI V CHT, CHN CHT
I.MT S LU

*Chn lng ban u l 100 gam, a gam.., hay 1 mol
*Qui nhiu cht v 1 hay 2 cht.
*Chn lng trong mt hn hp xc nh...

II.BI TP
Cu 1: ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
(trong s mol FeO
bng s mol Fe
2
O
3
), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,16. B. 0,23. C. 0,08. D. 0,18.
Gii : Do nFeO = nFe
2
O
3
nn c th coi hn hp ch gm Fe
3
O
4
, n Fe
3
O
4
= 0.01 mol
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HCl FeCl
2
+ 2FeCl
3
+4H
2
O
0.01 0.08 V = 0.08 (l) chn C
Cu 2: Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl
2
v m
gam FeCl
3
. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,80. B. 8,75. C. 6,50. D. 9,75.
Gii : C th coi Fe
3
O
4
l hn hp ca FeO v Fe
2
O
3
. 7.62g FeCl
2
l do FeO to ra
nFeO = nFeCl
2
= 0.06 mol nFe
2
O
3
= 0.03 mol
nFeCl
3
= 2nFe
2
O
3
= 0.06 mol m = 9.75 (g) chn D
Cu 3:T khi hi ca hn hp H
2
, CO, CH
4
so vi H
2
bng 7,8. t chy hon ton mt th tch
hn hp ny cn 1,4 th tch O
2
. Thnh phn % ( th tch ) ca mi kh trong hn hp u l:
A.20; 50; 30. B.33,33; 66,67; 16,67. C.20; 20; 60. D.10; 80; 10.
Gii : Gi a, b, c ln lt l nH
2
, CO, CH
4
trong 1mol hn hp
Phn ng H
2
+ O
2
H
2
O
a a/2
CO + O
2
CO
2

b b/2
CH
4
+2 O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
c 2c
Ta c h: a + b + c = 1 v 2a + 28b + 16c = 7,8.2 v a/2 + b/2 + 2c = 1,4
Gii h: a = 0.2, b = 0.2, c = 0.6 chn C
Cu 4: Hn hp kh gm N
2
v H
2
c t l th tch tng ng l 1:3 cha trong bnh, xc tc. Sau
phn ng thy th tch kh i ra gim 1/10 so vi ban u. Thnh phn % th tch ca N
2
, H
2
v
NH
3
trong hn hp sau phn ng ln lt l:
A.20 ; 60 ; 20. B.22,22 ; 66,67; 11,11. C.30; 60; 10. D.33,33; 50; 16,67.
Gii : Chn n
hh
= 4 mol th nN
2
= 1 mol v nH
2
= 3 mol
Gi a l n
N2 p/
N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3

a 3a 2a
n
gim
= 2a = 0,4 a = 0.2%VN
2
= 22,22 %VH
2
= 66,67 %VNH
3
= 11,11 chn C
Cu 5: Ha tan han ton 30,4 gam hn hp: Cu, CuS, S, Cu
2
S bng lng HNO
3
d, thy thot
ra 20,16 lt NO duy nht(ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)
2
d vo Y th khi lng kt ta thu
c l:
A.81,55 gam. B.104,2 gam. C.110,95 gam. D. 115,85 gam.
Gii : Coi hn hp ban u gm Cu v S. Gi a, b ln lt l Cu v S

trong 30,4 gam hn hp
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

26
Qu trnh cho nhn e:
Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e N
+5
+ 3e N
+2

a 2a 2,7 0,9
S S
+6
+ 6e
b 6b
Ta c h : 64a + 32b = 30,4 v 2a + 6b = 2,7 Gii h : a = 0,3 v b = 0,35
Kt ta thu c sau phn ng vi Ba(OH)
2
l BaSO
4
v Cu(OH)
2

Khi lng kt ta = 0,3.98 + 0,35.233 = 110,95 chn C
Cu 6:Hn hp A cha mt s hirocacbon th kh, B l khng kh. Trn A v B theo t l th
tch l 1:15 thu c hn hp kh D. Cho D vo bnh kn th tch khn i V. Nhit v p sut
trong bnh l t
0
C v P. Sau khi t chy trong bnh ch c N
2
, CO
2
v hi nc vi V
CO2
:V
H2O
=7:4.
a nhit bnh v t
0
C, p sut l P
1
. Th:
A.P
1
=47P/48. B.P
1
=P. C.P
1
=16P/17. D.P
1
=3P/5.
Gii : Gi cng thc chung ca cc hidrocacbon l C
x
H
y
v chn n
hh
= 16mol
Trong : nC
x
H
y
= 1mol, nO
2
= 3mol, nN
2
= 12mol
Phn ng : C
x
H
y
+ (x + y/4)O
2
x CO
2
+ y/2H
2
O
1mol 3mol x y/2
Ta c: x + y/4 = 3 v 4x = 7y/2. Gii h: x = 7/3 v y = 8/3
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O = 7/3 + 4/3 = 11/3(mol)
Ta c: nP
1
= n
1
P P1 = n
1
P/n = (11/3 + 12)P/16 = 47P/48 Chn A
Cu 7: Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton
hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, thu c hn hp kh Z c
t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
6
. B. C
3
H
8
. C. C
4
H
8
. D. C
3
H
4
.
Gii : Chn n
hh
= 11mol nC
x
H
y
= 1 v nO
2
= 10.
C
x
H
y
+ (x + y/4)O
2
x CO
2
+ y/2H
2
O
1mol (x + y/4 ) x y/2
-> 44x + 32(10-x-y/4) = 19*2(10-y/4)
12x + 3y/2 = 60 8x + y = 40
Chn x= 4, y = 8 C
4
H
8
Chn C
Cu 8: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C
3
H
6
, CH
4
, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th
tch CH
4
), thu c 24,0 ml CO
2
(cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi
ca X so vi kh hiro l
A. 22,2. B. 25,8 C. 11,1. D. 12,9.
Gii : Chn n
hh
= 20 mol v goi a, b ln lt l nC
3
H
6
v CH
4
nCO = 2b
Ta c h: a + 3b = 20 v 3a + b + 2b = 24
Gii h ta c : a=2 v b= 6 -> nCO = 12mol
Vy d
hh/H2
= 12.9 chn D
Cu 9: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H
2
l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon
ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO
2
v H
2
O thu c l
Gii : m
hh
= 0.1*2*21.2 = 4.24 (g) , nCO
2
= nC
(hh)
= 3n
hh
= 0.3 (mol) ,nH
2
O = nH
(hh)
/2 = 0.32
mCO
2
+ mH
2
O = 18.96(g) => chn B
Cu 10: Cho hn hp X gm CH
4
, C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung
dch brom (d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn
hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn
trm th tch ca CH
4
c trong X l
A. 25%. B. 20%. C. 50%. D. 40%.
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

27
Gii : Goi a, b, c ln lt l s mol ca CH
4
, C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
trong 8,6 gam hn hp.
Ta c nBr
2
= 0.3 mol
Cc phn ng v s :
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2
(1)C
2
H
2
+ 2Br
2
C
2
H
2
Br
4
(2)C
2
H
2
C
2
Ag
2
(3)
b b c 2c c c
C (13,44/22,4) = 0,6 mol hn hp th to ra (36/240)=0.15 mol kt ta
Vy (a + b + c)mol 0.25 (a + b + c) mol
Ta c h 16a + 28b + 26c = 8,6 v b + 2c = 0.3 v c = 0.25(a + b +c)
Gii h : a = 0,2, b = 0.1, c = 0,1 %(V)CH
4
= 50% Chn C
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

28
DNG XI : BI TON NG DNG
I.MT S LU

*Xut pht t mt bi ton c bn ta pht trin thnh bi ton ng dng
*i ngc kt qu thnh gi thit hay ngc li
*Thay mt cht bng nhiu cht...

II.BI TP
Cu 1: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh t t tng git cho
n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo V ml dung dch X, sinh ra 1,12 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca
V l
A. 100. B. 200. C. 150. D. 250.
Gii : Ta c : n HCl = 0,2 mol
P theo th t : CO
3
2-
+ H
+
HCO
3
-
(1) HCO
3
-
+ H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
0,15 0,15 0,05 0,05
V = 0,15 :1,5 = 0,1 lt Chn A.
Cu 2: Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch cha
Na
2
CO
3
0,2M v NaHCO
3
0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO
2
l
A. 0,020. B. 0,030. C. 0,015. D. 0,010.
Gii : Ta c nHCl = 0,03 mol , n Na
2
CO
3
= 0.02 mol , n NaHCO
3
= 0,2 mol
CO
3
2-
+ H
+
HCO
3
-

0,02 0,02
HCO
3
-
+ H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,01 0,01 0,01
Chn D
Cu 3: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi gian
thu c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ho tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl

(d), thu c a mol H
2
.
S mol HCl

phn ng l
A. 0,12. B. 0,06. C. 0,06 + 2a. D. 0,18.
Gii : Ta c : nO = (2,71 2,23)/16 = 0,03
S : O
2-
+ 2H
+
H
2
O
0,03 0,06
n H
2
= a n H
+
= 2a. Vy s mol HCl p = n H
+
= 2a + 0,06 chn C
Cu 4: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi gian
thu c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ho tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO
3
(d), thu c 0,672 lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). S mol HNO
3
phn ng l
A. 0,12. B. 0,14. C. 0,16. D. 0,18.
Gii :
Cch 1: NO
3
-
+ 4H
+
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O
0,12 0,03
O
2
+ 4e 2O
2-

0,015 0,03
S : O
2-
+ 2H
+
H
2
O
0,03 0,06
n = 0,06 + 0,12 = 0,18

Cch 2: M M
n+
+ ne
0,15/n 0,15
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

29
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2

0,09 0,03
O
2
+ 4e 2O
2-

0,015 0,06
n HNO3 = n.n M(NO3)
n
+ n NO = 0,18 mol
Cch 3: n O = (2,71 2,23)/ 16 = 0,03 mol
Gi a l s mol HNO
3
tham gia phn ng.
Hn hp kim loi + 2O + HNO
3
hn hp mui + NO + H
2
O
0,03 3a 3(a 0,03) 0,03 0,5a
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t oxi ta c:
0,03 + 3a = 3(a 0,03) + 0,03 + 0,5a
a = 0,18 mol.
Cch 4: Gi s mol HNO
3
tham gia phn ng l a
Y + HNO
3
Mui + NO + H
2
O
2,71 63a 2,33+62(a-0,03) 30.0,03 9a
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
2,71 + 63a = 2,33 + 62( a 0,03 ) + 30.0,03 + 9a
a = 0,18. chon D
Cu 5: Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt
H
2
( ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150ml. B. 75ml. C. 60ml. D. 30ml.
Gii : 2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2

Ba + H
2
O Ba(OH)
2
+ H
2

Theo pt ta c n OH
-
= 2n H
2
= 0,3 mol
OH
-
+ H
+
H
2
O
0,3 0,3
n H
2
SO
4
= 0,3/2 = 0,15. vy V = 0,15/2 = 0.075lt Chn B
Cu 6: Ho tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung dch X
v 2,688 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung
ho dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
Gii : Ta c n OH
-
= 2n H
2
= 0,24 mol , n H
+
trung ha = 0,24 mol
n HCl phn ng = 0,24.4/6 = 0,16
n H
2
SO
4
= ( 0,24.2)/(2.6 ) = 0,04
m Mui = m Cation + m Anion = 8,94 + 0,16.35,5 + 0,04.96 = 18,46 Chn C.
Cu 7: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH
0,06M v Ba(OH)
2
0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,182. B. 3,940. C. 1,970. D. 2,364.
Gii : Phn ng : CO
2
+ OH
-
HCO
3
-

CO
2
+2 OH
-
CO
3
2-
+H
2
O
H : a + b = 0,02 mol v a + 2b = 0,03 a =0,01 v b = 0,01
m(BaCO
3
) = 1,97 gam Chn C
Cu 8: t chy hon ton m gam FeS
2
bng mt lng O
2
va , thu c kh X. Hp th ht X vo 1
lt dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,15M v KOH 0,1M, thu c dung dch Y v 21,7 gam kt ta. Cho Y vo
dung dch NaOH, thy xut hin thm kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,2. B. 12,6. C. 18,0. D. 24,0.
Gii : n Ba(OH)
2
= 0,15 , n KOH = 0,1 mol, n BaSO
3
= 27,1/217 = 0,1 mol
Phn ng to mui trung ha v mui axit.
Phn ng : SO
2
+ OH
-
HSO
3
-

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

30
SO
2
+2 OH
-
SO
3
2-
+H
2
O Ba
2+
+ SO
3
2-
BaSO
3

Ta c : b = 0,1 mol v a + 2 . 0,1 = 0,04 a = 0,2
n(SO
2
) = 0,3 mol
Phn ng : 4FeS
2
+ 11O
2
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2

m = 0,3/2 . 120 = 18 gam
DNG XII : DNG BI TP S DNG
NGUYN L NGC
I.MT S LU

* Axit
Baz + H
+
; Nu axit cng mnh th baz cng yu v
ngc li.
* Oxh + ne
Kh ; Nu dng oxi ha cng mnh th dng kh cng yu

v ngc li.
* Axit c th tc dng vi Baz, cht kh c th tc dng vi cht oxi
ha...

II.BI TP
Cu 1: Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau:
2FeBr
2
+ Br
2
2FeBr
3
. 2NaBr + Cl
2
2NaCl
+ Br
2
.
Pht biu ng l:
A. Tnh kh ca Cl
-
mnh hn Br
-
. B. Tnh kh ca Br
-
mnh hn ca Fe
2+
.
C. Tnh oxi ha ca Br
2
mnh hn ca Cl
2
. D. Tnh oxi ha ca Cl
2
mnh hn ca Fe
3+
.
Gii : 2FeBr
2
+ Br
2
2FeBr
3
=> tnh oxi ho ca Br
2
mnh hn ca Fe
2+

2NaBr + Cl
2
2NaCl + Br
2
=> tnh oxi ho ca Cl
2
mnh hn ca Br
2

Tnh oxi ho ca Cl
2
mnh hn ca Fe
2+
=> chn D
Cu 2: Trong s cc dung dch: Na
2
CO
3
, KCl, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl, NaHSO
4
, C
6
H
5
ONa,
nhng dung dch c pH > 7 l
A. KCl, C
6
H
5
ONa, CH
3
COONa. B. NH
4
Cl, CH
3
COONa, NaHSO
4
.
C. Na
2
CO
3
, NH
4
Cl, KCl. D. Na
2
CO
3
, C
6
H
5
ONa,
CH
3
COONa.
Gii : Nhng dung dch c pH >7 l: Na
2
CO
3
, C
6
H
5
ONa, CH
3
COONa v
(1)Na
2
CO
3
2Na+ + CO
3
2-

CO
3
2-
+ HOH HCO
3
2-
+ OH
-

(2) CH
3
COONa CH
3
COO
-
+ Na
+

CH
3
COO
-
+ HOH CH
3
COOH + OH
-

(3) C
6
H
5
ONa C
6
H
5
O
-
+ Na
+

C
6
H
5
O
-
+ HOH C
6
H
5
OH + OH
-

Cc anion OH
-
c gii phng, nn mi trng c pH > 7,0.
chn p n D
Cu 3: Dy cc ion xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho l (bit trong dy in ha, cp Fe
3+
/Fe
2+

ng trc cp Ag
+
/Ag):
A. Ag
+
, Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
2+
. B. Fe
3+
, Ag
+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
2+
.

C. Fe
3+
, Fe
2+
, Cu
2+
, Ag
+
. D. Ag
+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
3+
, Fe
2+
.
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

31
Gii : V cp Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
ng trc cp Ag
+
/Ag => tnh oxi ho ca Ag
+
> Fe
3+
(1)
Tnh kh ca Cu > Fe
2+
=> tnh oxi ho ca Cu
2+
< Fe
3+
(2)
t (1),(2) ta c tnh oxi ho ca Ag
+
> Fe
3+
> Cu
2+
> Fe
2+
=> chn p n A
Cu 4: Cho cc phn ng xy ra sau y:
(1)AgNO
3
+ Fe(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag. (2)Mn + 2HCl MnCl
2
+ H
2
.
Dy cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho l
A.Ag
+
, Fe
3+
, H
+
, Mn
2+
. B.Ag
+
, Mn
2+
, H
+
, Fe
3+
. C.Mn
2+
, H
+
, Ag
+
, Fe
3+
. D.Mn
2+
, H
+
, Fe
3+
, Ag
+
.
Gii : (1) AgNO
3
+ Fe (NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag => tnh oxi ho ca Ag
+
> Fe
3+
( 2) Mn + 2HCl MnCl
2
+ H
2
=> tnh oxi ho ca Mn
2+
< H
+
Tnh oxi ho ca H
+
< Fe
3+

tnh oxi ho ca cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nh sau:
Mn
2+
< H
+
< Fe
3+
< Ag
+
=> chn p n D

Cu 5: Cho cc ion kim loi: Zn
2+
, Sn
2+
, Ni
2+
, Fe
2+
, Pb
2+
. Th t tnh oxi ho gim dn l
A. Zn
2+
>Sn
2+
> Ni
2+
> Fe
2+
> Pb
2+
. B. Pb
2+
> Sn
2+
> Ni
2+
>Fe
2+
> Zn
2+
.
C. Pb
2+
> Sn
2+
> Fe
2+
> Ni
2+
> Zn
2+
. D. Sn
2+
> Ni
2+
> Zn
2+
> Pb
2+
> Fe
2+
.
Gii : Theo chiu dy in ho ca kim loi ta c, i t tri sang phi tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim
loi tng dn => th t cc ion theo chiu gim dn nh sau :
Pb
2+
> Sn
2+
>Ni
2+
>Fe
2+
>Zn
2+
=> chn p n B
Cu 6: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu.
Trong phn ng trn xy ra.
A. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu
2+.
. B. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu.
C. s kh Fe
2+
v s oxi ha Cu. D. s kh Fe
2+
v s kh Cu
2+
.
Gii : Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
Phn ng xy ra do s oxi ho Fe v s kh Cu
2+
=> chn p n A
Cu 7: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau: Fe
2+
Fe; Cu
2+
/Cu; Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
.
Cp cht khng phn ng vi nhau l
A. Fe v dung dch CuCl
2
. B. dung dch FeCl
2
v
dung dch CuCl
2
.
C. Cu v dung dch FeCl
3
. D. Fe v dung dch
FeCl
3
.
Gii : Theo cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho : Fe
2+
/Fe, Cu
2+
/Cu, Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
nn cc cp cht
phn ng vi nhau l :
Fe + CuCl
2
FeCl
2
+ Cu
Cu + 2FeCl
3
CuCl
2
+ 2FeCl
2

Fe + 2FeCl
3
3FeCl
2

Cp cht khng phn ng l dung dch FeCl
2
v dd CuCl
2
=> chn p n B
Cu 8: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl
2
B. Fe + dung dch FeCl
3
.

C. Cu + dung dch FeCl
3
. D. Fe + dung dch HCl.
Gii : Ta c cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
Cu + 2FeCl
3
CuCl
2
+ 2FeCl
2

Fe + 2FeCl
3
3FeCl
2

Fe +2 HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

cp cht khng phn ng l: Cu + dd FeCl
2
=> chn p n A
Cu 9: Mnh khng ng l:
A. Fe
2+
oxi ha c Cu.
B. Tnh oxi ha ca cc ion tng theo th t: Fe
2+
, H
+
, Cu
2+
, Ag
+
.
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

32
C. Fe
3+
c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu
2+
.
D. Fe kh c Cu
2+
trong dung dch.
Gii : Mnh khng ng l : A : Fe
2+
oxi ho c Cu
Cu 10: Cho dy cc cht: phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S cht
trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 1. B. 3. C. 2.. D. 4.
Gii : Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra l:
C
6
H
5
OH + NaOH C
6
H
5
ONa + H
2
O
C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl + NaOH C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ NaCl + H
2
O
s cp cht phn ng l 2 => chn p n C
Cu 11: Cho dy cc cht: C
6
H
5
OH (phenol), C
6
H
5
NH
2
(anilin), H
2
NCH
2
COOH, CH
3
CH
2
COOH,
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.
Gii : Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra l:
C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ HCl C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl
H
2
NCH
2
COOH + HCl ClH
3
NCH
2
COOH
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
+ HCl CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
3
Cl
=> s cp cht phn ng c l 3 => chn p n B
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

33

THI TH I HC LN III NM 2010
TRNG THPT CHUYN L QU N Mn thi: HO HC
( thi c 06 trang) Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht, khng k thi gian pht .

H, tn th sinh:.......................................................................... M thi 135
S bo danh:...............................................................................

Cho bit khi lng nguyn t (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40;
Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Cl=35,5; Br = 80; Ag = 108; Ba = 137; Pb = 207.

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1: S ng phn l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
O tc dng c vi NaOH l
A. 9. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8.
Cu 2: Cho cc phn ng: (I) Fe + HCl ; (II) Fe
3
O
4
+ H
2
SO
4
(c) ;
(III)KMnO
4
+ HCl ; (IV) FeS
2
+ H
2
SO
4
(long) ; (IV) Al + H
2
SO
4
(long) ;
S phn ng m H
+
ng vai tr l cht oxi ho l:
A . 3 B . 2 C . 4 D . 1
Cu 3: Hn hp X c C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
5
COOH, CH
3
CHO trong C
2
H
5
OH chim 50% theo s mol.
t chy m gam hn hp X thu c 3,06 gam H
2
O v 3,136 lt CO
2
(ktc). Mt khc 13,2 gam hn
hp X thc hin phn ng trng bc thy c p gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca p l
A. 9,72. B. 8,64. C. 10,8. D. 2,16.
Cu 4: Cc nhn nh sau: 1)Axit hu c l axit axetic. 2)Gim n l dung dch axit axetic c nng
t 2% - 5%. 3)Khi cho 1 mol axit hu c (X) tc dng vi Na d, s mol H
2
sinh ra bng s mol X
v khi t chy axit X th thu c n(H
2
O) : nCO
2
=1. Vy X l axit no n chc no. 4)Khi t chy
hirocacbon no th ta c n(H
2
O) : nCO
2
>1. Cc nhn nh sai l:
A. 1, 2, 3, 4. B. 2, 3, 4. C. 1, 2, 3. D. 1, 3, 4.
Cu 5: Cho s phn ng sau X + H
2
SO
4
(c, nng) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
S cht X c th thc hin phn ng trn l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 7.
Cu 6: C 4 dung dch long ca cc mui: BaCl
2
, ZnCl
2
, FeCl
2
, FeCl
3
. Khi sc kh H
2
S d vo cc
dung dch mui trn th s trng hp c phn ng to kt ta l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
Cu 7: Chia m gam hn hp M gm hai ancol n chc k tip trong dy ng ng thnh 2 phn
bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng vi Na (d), c 3,36 lt kh hiro (ktc). Cho phn hai phn ng
hon ton vi CuO nhit cao, c hn hp M
1
cha hai anehit (ancol ch bin thnh anehit).
Ton b lng M
1
phn ng ht vi AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 86,4 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 24,8 gam B. 30,4 gam C. 15,2 gam D. 45,6 gam
Cu 8: Chia 156,8 gam hn hp L gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn th
nht tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d c 155,4 gam mui khan. Phn th hai tc dng va vi
dung dch M l hn hp HCl, H
2
SO
4
long thu c 167,9 gam mui khan. S mol ca HCl trong
dung dch M l
A. 1,75 mol B. 1,50 mol C. 1,80 mol D. 1,00 mol
Cu 9: Hn hp bt X gm BaCO
3
, Fe(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, CuO, MgCO
3
. Nung X trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i c hn hp rn A
1
. Cho A
1
vo nc d khuy u c dung dch B cha 2
cht tan v phn khng tan C
1
. Cho kh CO d qua bnh cha C
1
nung nng c hn hp rn E (Cho
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton). E cha ti a:
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

34
A. 1 n cht v 2 hp cht. B. 3 n cht.
C. 2 n cht v 2 hp cht. D. 2 n cht v 1 hp cht.
Cu 10: Cho a gam Na vo 160 ml dung dch gm Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,125M v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,25M. Tch kt
ta ri nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 5,24 gam cht rn. Gi tr a no sau y l ph
hp?
A. 9,43. B. 11,5. C. 9,2. D. 10,35.
Cu 11: Cho hn hp Na, Al, Fe, FeCO
3
, Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta ri
chia lm 2 phn. Phn 1 em tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long d. Phn 2 em tc dng vi dung
dch HCl d. S phn ng oxi ha kh xy ra l:
A. 5. B. 6. C. 8. D. 7.
Cu 12: Cho s dng: X Y Z. Cho cc cht sau y: etilen, etyl clorua, ancol etylic. S s
nhiu nht th hin mi quan h gia cc cht trn l
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Cu 13: Cho cc cht sau: propyl clorua, anlyl clorua, phenyl clorua, natri phenolat, anilin, mui natri
ca axit amino axetic, ancol benzylic. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long khi un nng
l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 14: Mt hn hp X gm Na, Al v Fe (vi t l mol Na v Al tng ng l 5:4) tc dng vi H
2
O
d th thu c V lt kh, dung dch Y v cht rn Z. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d th
thu c 0,25V lt kh (cc kh o cng iu kin). Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Fe trong hn
hp X l
A. 14,4% B. 33,43% C. 20,07% D. 34,8%.
Cu 15: Oxi ho 25,6 gam CH
3
OH (c xc tc) thu c hn hp sn phm X. Chia X thnh hai phn
bng nhau Phn 1 tc dng vi AgNO
3
d trong NH
3
un nng thu c m gam Ag. Phn 2 tc dng
va vi 100ml dung dch KOH 1M. Hiu sut qu trnh oxi ho CH
3
OH l 75%. Gi tr ca m l
A. 64,8. B. 32,4. C. 129,6. D. 108.
Cu 16: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hp cht A ch thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
, 0,45 mol H
2
O, 0,05 mol
nit (ktc), bit A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to kh c mi khai. S ng phn ca A l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 17: Cho V lt hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi tc dng va ht vi hn hp B gm 0,2 mol Al v
0,1 mol Mg th thu c 25,2 gam hn hp mui clorua v oxit ca 2 kim loi. S mol ca Cl
2
c
trong V lt hn hp kh A l
A. 0,15. B. 0,3. C. 0,2. D. 0,25.
Cu 18: Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)
2
, Fe(OH)
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
, FeSO
4
,
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, FeCO
3
ln lt phn ng vi HNO
3
c, nng, d. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi
ha kh l
A. 7 B. 8 C. 10 D. 9
Cu 19: Cho bt Fe vo dung dch NaNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
. n phn ng hon thu c dung dch A, hn
hp kh X gm NO v H
2
c v cht rn khng tan. Bit dung dch A khng cha mui amoni. Trong
dung dch A cha cc mui:
A. FeSO
4
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Na
2
SO
4
, NaNO
3
. B. FeSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, NaNO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
.
C. FeSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
. D. FeSO
4
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Na
2
SO
4
.
Cu 20: Hn hp X c 2 hirocacbon ng ng lin tip, c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 15,8. Ly 6,32
gam X li vo 200 gam dung dch cha xc tc thch hp th thu c dung dch Z v thy thot ra
2,688 lt kh kh Y iu kin tiu chun c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 16,5. Bit rng dung dch Z
cha anehit vi nng C%. Gi tr ca C% l:
A. 1,305% B. 1,407% C. 1,043% D. 1,208%
Cu 21: C cc nhn nh sau y:
1)Nguyn tc sn xut gang l kh st bng CO nhit cao.
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

35
2)Nguyn tc sn xut thp l kh cc tp cht trong gang.
3)Tnh cht ha hc ca Fe
2+
l tnh kh.
4)Nc cng l nc c cha ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
di dng mui Cl
-
, HCO
3
-
, SO
4
2-
.
S nhn nh ng l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 0. D. 1.
Cu 22: C cc nhn nh sau:
1)Cu hnh electron ca ion X
2+
l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho
hc, nguyn t X thuc chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
2)Cc ion v nguyn t: Ne , Na
+
, F
c im chung l c cng s electron.

3)Khi t chy ancol no th ta c n(H
2
O) : n(CO
2
)>1.
4)Dy gm cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l
K, Mg, Si, N.
5)Tnh baz ca dy cc hiroxit: NaOH, Mg(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
gim dn.
Cho: N (Z = 7), F (Z=9), Ne (Z=10), Na (Z=11), Mg (Z=12), Al (Z=13), K (Z = 19), Si (Z = 14).
S nhn nh ng:
A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2.
Cu 23: Hn hp X gm 3 ancol n chc A, B, C trong B, C l 2 ancol ng phn. t chy hon
ton 0,08 mol X thu c 3,96 gam H
2
O v 3,136 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). S mol ancol A bng 5/3 tng s
mol 2 ancol (B + C). Khi lng ca B, C trong hn hp l:
Cu 24: Cho m in ca cc nguyn t nh sau: O(3,44), Cl(3,16), Mg(1,31), C(2,55), H(2,2)
Trong cc phn t: MgO, CO
2
, CH
4
, Cl
2
O. S cht c kiu lin kt cng ha tr c cc l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.
Cu 25: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol ancol no, mch h X cn va 5,6 lt oxi (ktc). X cng vi
axit HOOCC
6
H
4
COOH l 2 monome c dng iu ch polime, lm nguyn liu sn xut t:
A. Nilon-6,6. B. Lapsan. C. Capron. D. Enang
Cu 26: Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS
2
trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm 20% th
tch O
2
v 80% th tch N
2
) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c cht rn v hn hp kh Y c
thnh phn th tch: N
2
= 84,77%; SO
2
= 10,6% cn li l O
2
. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca FeS
trong X l
A. 68,75% B. 59,46% C. 26,83% D. 42,3%
Cu 27: Cho 32,8 gam hn hp gm axit glutamic v tyrosin (t l mol 1:1) tc dng vi 500ml dung
dch NaOH 1M, phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch Y. C cn cn thn dung dch Y thu c m
gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 49,2 B. 52,8 C. 43,8 D. 45,6
Cu 28: Cho cc cht v ion sau y: NO
2
-
, Br
2
, SO
2
, N
2
, H
2
O
2
, HCl, S. S cht v ion c c tnh oxi
ha v tnh kh l
A. 7. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5.
Cu 29: Cho qu tm vo ln lt cc dung dch: CH
3
COOK, FeCl
3
, NH
4
NO
3
, K
2
S, Zn(NO
3
)
2
,
Na
2
CO
3
. S dung dch lm i mu giy qu l
A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 3
Cu 30: Trong s cc loi t sau: t tm, t visco, t nilon-6,6, t axetat, t capron, t enang. Nhng
loi t no thuc loi t nhn to l:
A. T nilon 6,6 v t capron. B. T tm v t enang.
C. T visco v t nilon-6,6. D. T visco v t axetat.
Cu 31: Cho phn ng sau: 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k)
2SO
3
(k) ; A H < 0
cn bng trn chuyn dch theo chiu thun th: (1): tng tng nhit , (2): tng p sut, (3): h
nhit , (4): dng xc tc l V
2
O
5
, (5): Gim nng SO
3
. Bin php ng l:
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

36
A. 1, 2, 5. B. 2, 3, 5. C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. D. 2, 3, 4, 5.
Cu 32: T etilen v benzen, cht v c v iu kin phn ng c . Tng s phn ng t nht c
th iu ch c polibutaien, polistiren, poli (butaien - stiren), poli (vinyl clorua) l
A. 11. B. 12. C. 9. D. 10.
Cu 33: X phng ha hon ton 100gam cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 cn a gam dung dch Na0H
25%, thu c 9,43gam glyxerol v b gam mui natri. Gi tr ca a, b ln lt l:
A. 49,2 v 103,37 B. 51,2 v 103,145 C. 51,2 v 103,37 D. 49,2 v 103,145
Cu 34: Tch s ion ca nc mt s nhit nh sau: 20
0
C l 7,00.10
-15
, 25
0
C l 1,00.10
-14
,
30
0
C l 1,50.10
-14
. S in ly ca nc l
A. thu nhit
B. ta nhit hay thu nhit ty theo iu kin phn ng
C. ta nhit
D. khng xc nh ta nhit hay thu nhit
Cu 35: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp hai este n chc no, mch h cn 3,976 lt oxi (ktc)
thu c 6,38 gam CO
2
. Cho lng este ny tc dng va vi KOH thu c hn hp hai ancol k
tip v 3,92 gam mui ca mt axit hu c. Cng thc ca hai cht hu c trong hn hp u l:
A. HCOOC
3
H
7
v HCOOC
2
H
5
B. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

C. C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
D. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOC
3
H
7

Cu 36: Xt cc cht: imetylete (1), ancol metylic (2), ancol etylic (3), axit axetic (4), axeton (5).
Cc cht trn c xp theo nhit si tng dn (t tri sang phi) l:
A. 1, 5, 2, 3, 4 B. 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 C. 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 D. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Cu 37: Cho lung kh CO d i qua hn hp BaO, Al
2
O
3
v FeO t nng thu c cht rn X
1
. Ho
tan cht rn X
1
vo nc thu c dung dch Y
1
v cht rn E
1
. Sc kh CO
2
d vo dung dch Y
1
thu
c kt ta F
1
. Ho tan E
1
vo dung dch NaOH d thy b tan mt phn v cn cht rn G
1
. Cho G
1

vo dung dch AgNO
3
d (Coi CO
2
khng phn ng vi nc). Tng s phn ng xy ra l
A. 7. B. 8. C. 6. D. 9.
Cu 38: Cho 25,65 gam mui gm H
2
NCH
2
COONa v H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COONa tc dng va vi 250
ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M. Sau phn ng c cn dung dch th khi lng mui do H
2
NCH
2
COONa to
thnh l:
Cu 39: Nung m gam hn hp X gm KClO
3
v KMnO
4
thu c cht rn Y v O
2
. Bit KClO
3
phn
hy hon ton, cn KMnO
4
ch b phn hy mt phn. Trong Y c 0,894 gam KCl chim 8,132% theo
khi lng. Trn lng O
2
trn vi khng kh theo t l th tch
2
O
V :
KK
V =1:3 trong mt bnh kn ta
thu c hn hp kh Z. Cho vo bnh 0,528 gam cacbon ri t chy ht cacbon, phn ng hon ton,
thu c hn hp kh T gm 3 kh O
2
, N
2
, CO
2
, trong CO
2
chim 22,92% th tch. Gi tr m (gam)
l
A. 12,59 B. 12,53 C. 12,70 D. 12,91
Cu 40: Cht hu c X mch h, khng cha lin kt (-O-O-) v c cng thc phn t l C
3
H
6
O
n
.

Bit
X ch cha mt loi nhm chc. S ng phn cu to c th c ca X l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 7. D. 5.

II. PHN RING [10 cu]
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)
A.Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Dng mt lng dung dch H
2
SO
4
nng 20%, un nng ha tan va a mol CuO. Sau
phn ng lm ngui dung dch n 100
0
C th khi lng tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
O tch ra khi dung
dch l 30,7 gam. Bit rng tan ca dung dch CuSO
4
100
0
C l 17,4 gam. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,1. B. 0,15. C. 0,2. D. 0,25.
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

37
Cu 42: C dung dch X gm (KI v mt t h tinh bt). Cho ln lt tng cht sau: O
3
, Cl
2
, H
2
O
2
,
FeCl
3
, AgNO
3
tc dng vi dung dch X. S cht lm dung dch X chuyn sang mu xanh l
A. 4 cht B. 5 cht C. 3 cht D. 2 cht
Cu 43: Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp: S, FeS, FeS
2
trong HNO
3
d c 0,48 mol NO
2
v
dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo X, lc kt ta nung n khi lng khng i th khi
lng cht rn thu c l:
Cu 44: Ngi ta c th iu ch cao su Buna t g theo s sau:
Xenluloz
% 35
glucoz
% 80
C
2
H
5
OH
% 60
Buta-1,3-ien
TH
Cao su Buna
Khi lng xenluloz cn sn xut 1 tn cao su Buna l
A. 25,625 tn. B. 37,875 tn. C. 5,806 tn. D. 17,857 tn.
Cu 45: Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol anehit metacrylic v 0,3 mol kh hiro. Nung nng hn hp A mt
thi gian, c mt cht xc tc Ni, thu c hn hp hi B gm hn hp cc ancol, cc anehit v
hiro. T khi hi ca B so vi He bng 95/12. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ha anehit metacrylic
l:
A. 100% B. 70% C. 65% D. 80%
Cu 46: Cho 6,0 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl 18,25% (va ). Sau phn ng thu c
dung dch mui A v hiro that ra. Bit phn ng xy ra hon ton. Vy nng phn trm ca dung
dch mui s l:
A. 22,41% B. 22,51% C. 42,79% D. 42,41%
Cu 47: C 5 kh ng ring bit trong 5 l l Cl
2
, O
2
, HCl, O
3
, SO
2
. Hy chn trnh t tin hnh no
trong cc trnh t sau phn bit cc kh:
A. Qu tm m, dung dch KI/h tinh bt, Cu un nng.
B. Dung dch AgNO
3
, dung dch KI/h tinh bt, dng u que m cn tn .
C. Nhn bit mu ca kh, dung dch AgNO
3
, dung dch KI, dng u que m cn tn .
D. Dung dch H
2
S, dung dch AgNO
3
, dung dch KI.
Cu 48: T butan, cht v c v iu kin phn ng c . S phng trnh phn ng ti thiu iu
ch glixerol l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 7. D. 6.
Cu 49: Tm pht biu sai trong cc pht biu sau :
A. Nhit si ca ankanol cao hn so vi ankanal c phn t khi tng ng.
B. Phenol l cht rn kt tinh iu kin thng.
C. Metylamin l cht lng c mi khai, tng t nh amoniac.
D. Etylamin d tan trong H
2
O.
Cu 50: Cho cc cht sau: C
2
H
5
OH, C
6
H
5
OH, C
6
H
5
NH
2
, dung dch C
6
H
5
ONa, dung dch NaOH, dung
dch CH
3
COOH, dung dch HCl. Cho tng cp cht tc dng vi nhau c xc tc, s cp cht c phn
ng xy ra l
A. 12 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10

B.Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Cho NH
3
d vo ln lt cc dung dch sau: CrCl
3
, CuCl
2
, ZnCl
2
, AgNO
3
, NiCl
2
. S trng
hp kt ta hnh thnh b tan l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 1. D. 5.
Cu 52: Mt bnh kn dung tch 1 lt cha 1,5 mol H
2
v 1,0 mol N
2
(c xc tc v nhit thch hp).
trng thi cn bng c 0,2 mol NH
3
to thnh. Mun hiu sut t 25 % cn phi thm vo bnh
bao nhiu mol N
2
?
A. 1,5 B. 2,25 C. 0,83 D. 1,71
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

38
Cu 53: Cho 12gam hn hp Fe v Cu vo 200ml dung dch HNO
3
2M, thu c mt cht kh (sn
phm kh duy nht) khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh, v c mt kim loi d. Sau cho thm
dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M, thy cht kh trn tip tc thot ra, ho tan ht kim loi cn 33,33ml. Khi
lng kim loi Fe trong hn hp l
Cu 54: Thy phn hon ton mt lng mantoz, sau cho ton b lng glucoz thu c ln
men thnh ancol etylic th thu c 100 ml ru 46
0
. Khi lng ring ca ancol l 0,8gam/ml. Hp
th ton b kh CO
2
vo dung dch NaOH d thu c mui c khi lng l:
A. 84,8 gam. B. 42,4 gam. C. 212 gam. D. 169,6 gam.
Cu 55: Cho cc cht sau y: 1)CH
3
COOH, 2)C
2
H
5
OH, 3)C
2
H
2
, 4)CH
3
COONa, 5)HCOOCH=CH
2
,
6)CH
3
COONH
4
. Dy gm cc cht no sau y u c to ra t CH
3
CHO bng mt phng trnh
phn ng l:
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. B. 1, 2, 6. C. 1, 2. D. 1, 2, 4, 6.
Cu 56: Cho bit th in cc chun ca cc cp oxi ho kh: 2H+/H
2
; Zn
2+
/Zn; Cu
2+
/Cu; Ag
+
/Ag ln
lt l 0,00V; -0,76V; +0,34V; +0,80V. Sut in ng ca pin in ho no sau y ln nht?
A. Cu + 2Ag
+
Cu
2+
+ 2Ag. B. 2Ag + 2H
+
2Ag
+
+ H
2
.
C. Zn + Cu
2+
Zn
2+
+ Cu. D. Zn + 2H
+
Zn
2+
+ H
2
.
Cu 57: Cc kh thi cng nghip v ca cc ng c t, xe my...l nguyn nhn ch yu gy ra
ma axit. Nhng thnh phn ha hc ch yu trong cc kh thi trc tip gy ra ma axit l:
A. SO
2
, CO, NO. B. SO
2
, CO, NO
2
. C. NO, NO
2
, SO
2
. D. NO
2
, CO
2
, CO.
Cu 58: Cho isopren tc dng Br
2
theo t l mol 1:1 thu c ti a x dn xut mono brom. un nng
ancol bc 2 C
5
H
12
O vi H
2
SO
4
c 180
0
C thu c ti a y sn phm hu c. Mi lin h gia x, y
l :
A. x - y = 1 B. x = y C. y - x = 1 D. y - x = 2
Cu 59: Cho cc cht sau: axit glutamic; valin, lysin, alanin, trimetylamin, anilin. S cht lm qu tm
chuyn mu hng, mu xanh, khng i mu ln lt l
A. 2, 1,3. B. 1, 2, 3. C. 3, 1, 2. D. 1, 1, 4.
Cu 60: Cho s phn ng sau :

Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOC
6
H
5
. B. CH
2
=CH-COOC
6
H
5
.
C. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOCH
2
-C
6
H
5
.

Khng c s dng bng HTTH

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

39

P N THI TH I HC LP 12 - LN 3 - MN HA HC
-NM 2010 THPT CHUYN L QU N QUNG TR
Cu 135 213 358 486 Cu 135 213 358 486
1 A C C B 31 B B B D
2 B A C D 32 D C C A
3 B A D A 33 B D D C
4 D D C C 34 A A A B
5 D D B D 35 B D A A
6 C C B C 36 A B C D
7 A D B D 37 A B B D
8 C A B A 38 A B D D
9 D C A C 39 B A D D
10 C D A C 40 C C D C
11 B B B D 41 C B C C
12 D C C A 42 A D B D
13 C A C A 43 A A D B
14 D C D B 44 D C C D
15 D A B B 45 D A B A
16 D A C A 46 B D A A
17 C B D C 47 C B A C
18 A C C C 48 B B A D
19 C D A A 49 C C A B
20 A A A B 50 C C D C
21 C B C C 51 A D C B
22 C A A B 52 C C D A
23 C C D B 53 B C B D
24 A D B A 54 A D B B
25 B D A C 55 D A B C
26 B B B A 56 C C A C
27 D D D B 57 C B C D
28 A B A D 58 D B C A
29 B B A B 59 B D B D
30 D C D B 60 B A D C

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

40

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. thi i hc cc nm
2. thi GVG cp tnh Qung Tr
3.Phng php gii ton ha hc
4.Cc thi trn mng
5.Sch Bi tp Ha hc v Sch Gio khoa lp 10, 11, 12 nng cao
Thc s. Nguyn Tho

41
MC LC

LI M U ................................................................................................................ 1
DNG I : VIT NG PHN ..................................................................................... 2
I.MT S LU ..................................................................................................... 2
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................. 2
DNG II : BI TON T CHY ............................................................................ 5
I.MT S LU ..................................................................................................... 5
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................. 5
DNG III : BI TON POLIME ................................................................................ 7
I.MT S LU ..................................................................................................... 7
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................. 7
TRONG GII BI TP................................................................................................ 9
I.MT S LU ..................................................................................................... 9
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................. 9
DNG V : BI TON V PHN NG GIA HIRO ...........................................11
I.MT S LU ....................................................................................................11
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................11
DNG VI : DNG KT QU TH .....................................................................15
I.MT S LU ....................................................................................................15
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................15
DNG VII : DNG BI TP THEO..........................................................................17
I.MT S LU ....................................................................................................17
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................17
DNG VIII : BI TON LIN QUAN N DY IN HA CA KIM LOI ..18
I.MT S LU ....................................................................................................18
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................18
DNG IX : DNG TON T L ...............................................................................23
I.MT S LU ....................................................................................................23
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................23
DNG X : DNG TON QUI V CHT, CHN CHT .........................................25
I.MT S LU ....................................................................................................25
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................25
DNG XI : BI TON NG DNG .......................................................................28
I.MT S LU ....................................................................................................28
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................28
DNG XII : DNG BI TP S DNG NGUYN L NGC...........................30
I.MT S LU ....................................................................................................30
II.BI TP ................................................................................................................30
THI TH I HC LN III NM 2010 .............................................................33
I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu t cu 1 n cu 40) ...........33
II. PHN RING [10 cu] ........................................................................................36
P N THI TH I HC LP 12 - LN 3 - MN HA HC -NM 2010 THPT
CHUYN L QU N QUNG TR ...............................................................39
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................40
MC LC .....................................................................................................................41

Thc s. Nguyn Tho

Nguyenthao - Edu.vn Library Nguyenthao Chuyen de LTDH Hoa

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Chuyn Ha hc

phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH

Axit hay este no h.

Khng phi l este ca axit fomic

, trong s mol ca ion Cl

Kh ; Nu dng oxi ha cng mnh th dng kh cng yu

c im chung l c cng s electron.

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