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NGUYN CH NGN
Th nghim CAD
(Computer-Aided Design)
I HC CN TH - 12/2003
Li ni u
Cng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca my tnh, CAD (Computer-Aided
Desgin) c xy dng ngy cng hon thin v ng dng trong hu ht cc lnh vc
khoa hc k thut. i vi chuyn ngnh in t, nhiu phn mm CAD cho php
thit k mch, m phng v v mch in mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu nh
OrCAD/Pspice, Multisim (Electronics WorkBench), MicroSim, ExpeditionPCB,
Tuy nhin, y l cc phn mm ng gi ch c ng dng trong chuyn mn
hp l in t, n khng cho php lp trnh m phng cc h thng ng (Dynamic
systems) bt k khc. V vy, chng trnh o to mn CAD cho sinh vin in t
chuyn ngnh Vin thng v T ng ha hng ti phn mm Matlab. y l
mt ngn ng lp trnh cp cao dng ngun m, n h tr rt nhiu th vin chc nng
chuyn bit t Ton hc, Kinh t, Logic m, Truyn thng, iu khin t ng,
n iu khin phn cng cho cc thit b. ng thi, n cho php ngi s dng b
sung cc cng c t to lm phong ph thm kh nng phn tch, thit k v m phng
cc h thng ng lin tc v ri rc, tuyn tnh v phi tuyn bt k. Vi nhng u
im ni bc ca mnh, Matlab c nhiu trng i hc hng u trn th gii p
dng v ging dy.
Tham vng th nhiu nhng trong phm vi 30 tit thc hnh, chng ta ch c th
cp n nhng vn c bn nht. Hy vng t sinh vin t nghin cu, hc hi
c th thit k v m phng cc m hnh H thng Vin thng hay cc H iu
khin t ng. ng thi cng nm s lc v cc phn mm m phng mch v v
mch in nh Multisim, OrCad,
Gio trnh ny gm 7 bi, mi bi 5 tit. Sinh vin chn 6 bi thc tp:
1. Thao tc trong ca s lnh ca Matlab.
2. Hm v Script files.
3. Symbolic v Simulink.
4. M hnh h thng Vin thng.
(sinh vin chuyn ngnh VT)
5. M hnh h thng iu khin t ng. (sinh vin chuyn ngnh KT)
6. To giao din trong Matlab.
7. Thit k - M phng v v mch in (cc sinh vin khng chn bi 4 hoc 5)
B mn Vin thng v T ng ha
Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin, i hc Cn th
01 L T Trng, Tp. Cn th, tnh Cn th
Tel: (71) 831301
Fax: (71) 830841
Email: ncngon@ctu.edu.vn
URL: http://www.cit.ctu.edu.vn/department/ac/ncngon.html
TcAD - 2003
Mc lc
Li ni u
Mc lc
I. Mc tiu....................................................................................................................5
II. Tham kho...............................................................................................................5
III. Thc hnh ..............................................................................................................5
III.1 Ma trn ..........................................................................................................5
III.2 Vect .............................................................................................................6
III.3 Cc a thc....................................................................................................7
III.4 ha ...........................................................................................................7
IV. T chn................................................................................................................12
BI 2: HM V SCRIPT FILES
13
I. Mc tiu..................................................................................................................13
II. Tham kho.............................................................................................................13
III. Thc hnh ............................................................................................................13
III.1 Script files ...................................................................................................13
III.2 S dng cc hm xy dng sn...................................................................15
III.3 Xy dng hm.............................................................................................17
IV. T chn................................................................................................................21
BI 3: SYMBOLIC V SIMULINK
22
I. Mc tiu..................................................................................................................22
II. Tham kho.............................................................................................................22
III. Thc hnh ............................................................................................................22
III.1 Symbolic ......................................................................................................22
III.2 Simulink.......................................................................................................24
IV. T chn................................................................................................................30
BI 4: M HNH H THNG VIN THNG
32
I. Mc tiu..................................................................................................................32
II. Tham kho.............................................................................................................32
III. Thc hnh ............................................................................................................32
III.1 H thng thng tin lin tc (Analog Communications) ..............................34
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38
I. Mc tiu..................................................................................................................38
II. Tham kho.............................................................................................................38
III. Thc hnh ............................................................................................................38
III.1 Hm truyn v phng trnh trng thi ca h thng ..................................39
III.2 B iu khin PID........................................................................................42
III.3 Hiu chnh thng s ca b iu khin PID ................................................45
IV. T chn................................................................................................................47
BI 6: TO GIAO DIN TRONG MATLAB
49
I. Mc tiu..................................................................................................................49
II. Tham kho.............................................................................................................49
III. Thc hnh ............................................................................................................49
IV. T chn................................................................................................................55
BI 7: THIT K M PHNG MCH V V MCH IN
57
I. Mc tiu..................................................................................................................57
II. Tham kho.............................................................................................................57
III. Thc hnh ............................................................................................................57
III.1 Multisim.......................................................................................................57
III.2 OrCAD.........................................................................................................59
IV. T chn................................................................................................................64
TcAD - 2003
BI 1
THAO TC TRONG CA S LNH
CA MATLAB
I. Mc tiu
Bi th nghim ny gip sinh vin lm quen nhanh vi Matlab 6.5 bng
cc thao tc n gin trn ma trn, vect, biu thc ton hc, cc lnh
ha, , thc hin ngay trn ca s lnh (command window) ca Matlab.
III.1 Ma trn
to ma trn trong Matlab ta ch cn lit cc phn t ca ma trn trong
cp du ngoc vung ([]). Cc phn t trn cng hng c phn bit
bi du phy (,) hoc khong trng (space). Cc hng ca ma trn, phn
cch nhau bi du chm phy (;). V d, nhp ma trn A c 4 hng, 4 ct
nh sau:
>> A=[16 3 2 13; 5 10 11 8; 9 6 7 12; 4 15 14 1]
>> size(A)
t trn ct 1: sum(A(:,1))).
d. Tnh tng cc phn t trn cc dng ca A.
d Cho ma trn A=[2 7 9 7; 3 1 5 6; 8 1 2 5], sinh vin gii thch kt qu ca
cc lnh sau:
a. A'
b. A(:,[1 4])
c. A([2 3],[3 1])
d. reshape(A,2,6)
e. A(:)
f. [A A(end,:)]
g. A(1:3,:)
h. [A ; A(1:2,:)]
i. sum(A)
j. sum(A')
k. [ [ A ; sum(A) ] [ sum(A,2) ; sum(A(:)) ] ]
1 0 1
1
III.2 Vect
Vect thc cht cng l ma trn c kch thc (n x 1) hay (1 x n), nn ta
c th to ra vect nh cch to ra ma trn. Ngoi ra, c th dng mt s
cch sau:
>>x=0:0.1:1
>>y=linspace(1, 10, 20) % vecto 20 phan tu cach deu nhau tu 1 den 10
>>z=rand(10,1)
xn =
(1) n +1
.
(2n 1)
III.3 Cc a thc
Cc a thc trong Matlab c m t bng cc vect hng vi cc phn
t ca vect chnh l cc h s ca a thc, xp theo th t s m gim
dn. V d, a thc m = s4-s3+4s2-5s-1 c biu din l:
>>m=[1 -1 4 5 -1]
c Cho phng trnh x2-4x+5=0, gii phng trnh theo 2 cch, cch 1
tnh delta theo phng php c in, cch 2 dng hm roots, hy so
snh kt qu.
a. Cch1:
>>a=1;
>>b=-4;
>>c=5
>>x1=(-b+sqrt(b^2-4*a*c))/(2*a)
>>x2=(-b-sqrt(b^2-4*a*c))/(2*a)
b. Cch 2:
>>m=[a b c];
>>x=roots(m)
III.4 ha
Matlab h tr ch ha rt mnh, bao gm ha 2D v 3D, vi
cc trc ta tuyn tnh v phi tuyn bt k.
TcAD - 2003
III.4.1. ha 2 D
ha 2D ch yu da trn lnh plot. c gip , ta g:
>>help plot
>>plot(x,y1)
>>grid on
>>y2=sin(x.^2);
>>plot(x,y2,k)
Amplitude
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
0
3
Time
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>>set(h)
>>set(h,'LineWidth',6)
>>set(h,'Marker','v','MarkerSize',6)
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
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120
60
0.5
150
30
180
210
330
240
300
270
III.4.2. ha 3 D
Matlab cung cp nhiu hm v th 3D, chng hn: plot3 - dng v
cc ng trong khng gian 3 chiu; mesh v surf - dng v vt th
3D (g help mesh v help surf bit thm cc hm 3D c lin quan).
c V th 3D bng hm plot3:
>>t=0:pi/50:10*pi;
>>x=sin(t);
>>y=cos(t);
>>z=t;
>>subplot(121), plot3(x,y,z)
>>grid on
>>subplot(122), plot3(x,y,t.^2)
>> grid on
40
1000
20
500
0
1
0
-1 -1
0
1
0
-1 -1
%dinh luoi ve
>>z=x.^2+y.^2;
>> subplot(2,2,1), mesh(z)
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>> title('mesh(z)')
>> subplot(2,2,2), meshc(z)
>> title('meshc(z)')
>> subplot(2,2,3), meshz(z)
>> title('meshz(z)')
>> subplot(2,2,4), waterfall(z) %chi ve luoi theo 1 huong
>> title('waterfall(z)')
sin x 2 + y 2
e V mt z =
x 2 + y2
>>x=-8:0.5:8;
>>y=x;
>>[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);
>>r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2);
>>z=sin(r)./r;
>>surf(x,y,z)
1
0.5
0
-0.5
10
10
0
-10
-10
11
IV. T chn
c Gii h phng trnh sau:
2x1 + 4x2 + 6x3
2x4
= 0
x3 + 2x4
= 1
= 2
x1 + 2x2 +
3x1 -
x2
+ 10x4
= 10.
A= 20 4 , B= 10 2 v C=
.
6 1
3
0
6
5
(Hnh 1.8)
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12
Bi 2
HM V SCRIPT FILES
I. Mc tiu
Bi th nghim ny gip sinh vin tip cn vi k thut lp trnh trong
Matlab thng qua vic s dng cc hm c sn, xy dng cc hm mi
da trn cc cu trc if - for - while v tm hiu cch xy dng script
files, lm c s cho vic lp trnh m phng cc h thng Vin thng v
T ng cc bi sau.
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13
14
K s in t
38
33
36
31
60
70
K s Tin hc
48
54
120
92
110
131
nam=1996:2001;
subplot(211), bar(nam,svdt);
title('Sinh vien Dien tu tot nghiep tu 1996-2001');
subplot(212), bar(nam,svth);
title('Sinh vien Tin hoc tot nghiep tu 1996-2001');
Colormap(cool);
%
Thi hnh file ny t ca s lnh. Sinh vin c th dng lnh help bar
bit cc thng s ca hm ny v hiu chnh (ty thch) mt s chc
nng hin th ca hm bar trong file bai22.m.
e Sinh vin hy to mt script file c tn bai23.m v cc th trn
hnh 2.1.
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15
>>help control
>>help plot
16
10
III.3 Xy dng hm
Vic xy dng hm cng c thc hin tng t nh script file. Tuy
nhin, i vi hm ta cn quan tm n cc tham s truyn cho hm v
cc kt qu tr v sau khi thc hin. C 3 im cn lu :
- Tn hm phi c t trng vi tn file lu tr.
- Phi c t kha function dng u tin.
- Trong mt hm c th xy dng nhiu hm con (iu ny khng c
trong script file). Kt thc hm con phi c t kha end (iu ny
khng cn trong hm cha).
TcAD - 2003
%kt qu tr v ca hm
17
% Cc hm con (nu c)
[ function [subout1,subout2,]=tenhamcon(subin1,subin2,)
<Cc cu lnh ca hm con>
end ]
%t kha end khong can doi voi Matlab Version 6.x
18
sin 3
4
19
set(h,'color',mau,'LineWidth',2);
axis equal;
end
% end of for
hold off;
axis off
end
% end of if
Sinh vin hy kim chng li hot ng ca hm, v d:
>>help vdcongdb
>>vdcongdb(1,5,Becnulli)
>>vdcongdb(1,5, Astroit)
>>vdcongdb(1,5,Xoanoc)
>> vdcongdb(1,5,saikieu)
>> vdcongdb(5,becnulli)
>> .
Sinh vin th s dng hm ny v cho bit s khc nhau gia script file
v hm khng c tham s vo.
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20
IV. T chn
c Vit chng trnh tm nghim thc ca phng trnh bc 2.
d Vit chng trnh in tam gic Pascal n dng trong mn hnh ha vi n
c nhp t bn phm.
TcAD - 2003
21
Bi 3
SYMBOLIC V SIMULINK
I. Mc tiu
Hiu mt cch c bn v hai cng c mnh v hu hiu ca Matlab, l
Symbolic v Simulink, t sinh vin c th t mnh pht huy cc
chc nng cao hn ca hai cng c ny trong tnh ton v m phng h
thng.
III.1 Symbolic
Phin bn mi nht ca Symbolic toolbox c Mathworks gii thiu
trong Matlab 6.5 vo thng 6-2003. l mt th vin ton hc kiu k
t, c pht trin t Symbolic Maple ca trng i hc Waterloo,
Canada. c ci nhn tng qut v cc chc nng ca Symbolic, sinh
vin hy g:
>>help symbolic
TcAD - 2003
Chc nng
Tn hm
Chc nng
diff
o hm
fourier
Bin i Fourier
int
Tch phn
ifourier
taylor
laplace
Bin i Laplace
det
nh thc ca ma trn
laplace
T v mu ca phn s
ezplot
V hm, plot
subs
ezpolar
V hm, ta cc polar
dsolve
ezmesh
V mt li mesh
solve
ezsurf
V mt surf
o hm ca S theo bin t do
o hm ca S theo bin v
o hm cp n ca S theo v.
V d: Tnh o hm ca y = sinx3.
>> syms x
>> y=sin(x^3);
>> z=diff(y)
z=
3*cos(x^3)*x^2
>>pretty(z)
3 cos(x3) x2
>>ezplot(x,y)
% ve y theo x
x = x, y = sin(x 3 )
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
0
3
x
TcAD - 2003
23
V d: Tnh
(
(
2x 2 19 + 12x 2
0 7 x 2 + 1 dx
>>syms x
>>S=2*x^2*(19+12*x^2)/(7*(x^2+1))
>>y=int(S,x,0,1)
% tch phn S theo x trn cn [0,1]
>>subs(y)
% i sang kiu s
y
1+ x + y2
2
trn
III.2 Simulink
Simulink 5.0 (Simulation and Link - R13) c MatWorks gii thiu vo
thng 6 nm 2003. N cho php phn tch, m hnh ha v m phng cc
h thng ng tuyn tnh v phi tuyn, lin tc v ri rc mt cch trc
quan trong mi trng giao tip ha, bng cc thao tc chut n
gin. C th ni, khng tn dng c Simulink l mt thit thi ln cho
ngi lm cng tc m phng!
Khi ng Simulink bng mt trong cc cch sau:
nhp: >>simulink
TcAD - 2003
24
TcAD - 2003
25
dv
dt
= v.
M mt ca s m hnh mi.
t vo m hnh khi Integrator t th vin Continuous v k cc
ng thng ni n ng vo v ng ra ca khi ny.
t nhn vdot (dv/dt) cho cho ng ni n ng vo v v cho
ng ni n ng ra bng cch nhp p chut ngay pha trn
cc ng ny.
TcAD - 2003
26
T phng trnh h thng ta thy dv/dt (vdot) bng tch ca thnh phn
(1/m) v thnh phn tng (u-bv), nn ta thm khi 1/m ngay trc khi
tch phn:
t vo khi Gain trong th vin
TcAD - 2003
27
dt L
dt
Trong :
J = 0.01 Kgm2/s2
b = 0.1 Mms
K = Ke = Kt = 0.01 Nm/A
R = 10 ohm
L = 0.5 H
TcAD - 2003
l in p t ln cun dy ca motor
l v tr trc quay (ng ra ca m hnh)
l dng in chy trong cun dy ca motor.
(Hnh 3.9)
Kt hp 2 phng trnh:
(Hnh 3.10)
TcAD - 2003
29
IV. T chn
c Sinh vin hy tnh o hm cp 2 ca hm y = xe (1 x ) bng tay v kim
chng kt qu bng symbolic.
2
k=1 N/sec
F=1 N
=0.002 sec/m
g = 9.8 m/s^2
x1, x2
TcAD - 2003
31
BI 4
M HNH H THNG VIN THNG
I. Mc tiu
Bi th nghim ny tm hiu phng php m hnh ha mt h thng
thng tin n gin nh hnh 4.1:
TcAD - 2003
32
TcAD - 2003
33
>>Fs=60;
% tn s ly mu m phng
>>Fm=1;
% tn s tn hiu h tn
>>t=[0:1/Fs:3];
% time window
>>c=cos(2*pi*Fc*t);
>>m=sin(2*pi*Fm*t);
>>subplot(311), plot(t,m)
% v tn hiu h tn
>>subplot(312), plot(t,c)
% v sng mang
>>y=m.*c;
% iu ch
>>subplot(312), plot(t,y)
% v tn hiu iu ch
>>z=abs(fft(y));
% ph tn hiu iu ch
>>z=z(1:length(z)/2+1);
% ly 1/2
>>frq=[0:length(z)-1]*Fs/length(z)/2;
% frequency window
>>figure
% new figure
>>plot(frq,z);
% v ph
34
% iu ch
>>subplot(313),plot(t,Y)
1
0
-1
0.5
1.5
2.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
0
-1
1
0
-1
>>close all
>>plot(t,m)
% v tn hiu h tn ban u
>>hold on
>>plot(t,m_r,'r')
% v tn hiu h tn va hi phc
35
Sinh vin cn c phn help ca tng lnh hiu v bit cch s dng.
c To tn hiu ngun:
>>clear
>>close all
>>K=11;
>>msg=randint(K*2,1);
>>subplot(411),stem(msg,.)
% v tn hiu ngun
>>ylabel(digital message)
d M ha BCH:
>>N=15;
>>code = encode(msg,N,K,'bch');
%m ha BCH
>>subplot(412), stem(code,.)
>>ylabel(BCH)
% multiple number
>>Fd=1;
% tc ngun tin
>>Fc=10;
% tn s sng mang
>>Fs=30;
% tn s ly mu
>>modu = dmod(code,Fc,Fd,Fs,'qask',M);
% iu ch M-QASK
>>subplot(413),plot(modu)
% v tn hiu iu ch
>>ylabel(QASK)
36
>>std_value=0.1;
% cong suat nhieu
>>modu_noise = modu+randn(length(modu),1)std_value; % add noise
g Gii iu ch QASK:
>>demo = ddemod(modu_noise,Fc,Fd,Fs,'qask', M); % gii iu ch
h Gii m BCH:
Trans. msg
>>msg_r = decode(demo,N,K,'bch');
>>subplot(414), stem(msg_r,.)
>>ylabel(received message)
1
0.5
0
1
BCH
% tn hiu thu
% v tn hiu s thu c
10
15
20
25
0.5
0
QASK
10
15
20
25
30
0
-2
Rec. msg
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0.5
0
0
10
15
20
25
i Xc nh li:
>>rate=biterr(msg,msg_r,M)
IV. T chn
c Thc hin iu ch v gii iu ch tn s FM vi Fm, Fc, Fs cu
III.1.c.
d Thc hin m hnh Digital Communications nh hnh sau:
msg
TcAD - 2003
M ha
Hamming
iu ch
FSK
Knh truyn
Gii iu ch
FSK
Gii m
Hamming
msg_r
37
Bi 5
M HNH H THNG
IU KHIN T NG
I. Mc tiu
Trong bi th nghim ny chng ta s tm hiu phng php m hnh ha
mt h iu khin t ng, bao gm:
38
K
=
Suy ra: (Ls + R )(Js + b) + K s = KV hay
V (Ls + R )(Js + b) + K 2
2
Biu din hm truyn ny trong Matlab ta thc hin nh sau (sinh vin
nn lu thnh file.m):
>>J=0.01;
>>b=0.1;
>>K=0.01;
>>R=1;
>>L=0.5;
>>num=K;
TcAD - 2003
% t s ca hm truyn
39
% mu s hm truyn
9 p ng bc vng h:
>>step(num,den)
>>step(hamtruyen)
% hoac
Step Response
0.1
Amplitude
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
2.5
Time (sec)
9 p ng xung vng h:
>>impulse(hamtruyen)
Impulse Response
0.14
0.12
Amplitude
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
0.5
1.5
Time (sec)
X = AX + BU
Y = CX + DU
vi X l vct trng thi, U l vct tn hiu vo v Y l vct tn hiu ra.
9 Bin trng thi v phng trnh trng thi: T phng trnh vi phn
m t h thng, nu t x 1 = v x 2 = i , ta c:
TcAD - 2003
40
b
K
x 1 = x 1 + x 2 + 0V
J
J
K
R
1
x 2 = x1 x 2 + V
L
L
L
Y =
x1 + 0 x2 + 0 V
K
b
0
J
J X + 1 V
X=
K
R
L
L
L
Y = [1 0]X
hay
9 p ng bc vng h:
>>step(A,B,C,D)
9 p ng xung vng h:
>>impulse(A,B,C,D)
>>[A,B,C,D]=tf2ss(num,den)
(Hnh 5.3)
41
Amplitude
0.05
-0.05
-0.1
0
Time (sec)
vi:
TcAD - 2003
. ng vng kn
(C.L. response)
T. gian tng
(Rise time)
Vt l
(Overshoot)
T. gian qu
Sai s xc lp
(Settling time) (Steady-state err.)
KP
Gim
T ng
t thay I
T ng
KI
Gim
Tng
Tng
Khng xc nh
KD
t thay i
Gim
Gim
Thay i t
42
Step Response
1.5
Overshoot
1.05
0.95
0.90
S-S error
settling time
0.5
rise time
0.1
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Time (sec)
c B iu khin t l P:
>>Kp=100;
>>numa=Kp*num;
>>dena=den;
43
Amplitude
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.5
1.5
Time (sec)
>>Kp=100;
>>Ki=1;
>>Kd=1;
>>numc=[Kd, Kp, Ki];
>>denc=[1 0];
>>numa=conv(num,numc);
% tch chp t s
>>dena=conv(den,denc);
% tch chp mu s
44
>>[numac,denac]=cloop(numa,dena);
Amplitude
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Time (sec)
(t l)
KP
KI
KD
0.5 KC
PI (tch phn t l)
0.45 KC
0.191KPc
0.6 KC
0.318KPc 0.785KP/c
PID vi mt t vt l
0.33 KC
0.318KPc
2.07KP/c
PID khng vt l
0.2 KC
0.53KPc
3.14KP/c
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45
9 Bc 2: Xc nh KC v c m h thng bt u giao ng dng hm rlocus ca Matlab (sinh vin nn lu thnh file .m hoc thao
tc trong Matlab Editor sau copy v dn vo Workspace c on lnh
d dng cho vic hiu chnh cc thng s phn sau):
>>close all
>>num=5;
>>den=[1 10 100 0];
>>[numc,denc]=cloop(num,den);
>>htkin=tf(numc,denc)
% ham truyen vong kin
>>rlocus(htkin);
%ve qui dao nghiem
>> axis([-10 10 -15 15])
Root Locus
15
10
Imag Axis
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-10
-5
10
Real Axis
Xc nh Kc v c bng hm rlocfind:
>>[Kc,Omegac] = rlocfind(htkin)
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46
Th p ng ca h:
>>Kp=120; Ki=381.5; Kd=9.4;
>>numc=[Kd, Kp, Ki];
>>denc=[1 0];
>>[numac,denac]=cloop(conv(num,numc),conv(den,denc))
>>step(numac,denac)
Amplitude
1.5
0.5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
T im e (sec)
IV. T chn
c Sinh vin hy thit k b iu khin Vi phn t l (ProportionalDerivative controller):
TcAD - 2003
47
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48
Bi 6
TO GIAO DIN TRONG MATLAB
I. Mc tiu
Bi th nghim ny trang b cho sinh vin mt s kin thc c bn xy
dng giao din ngi dng trong mi trng Matlab, nhm hon thin
mt chng trnh ng dng nht nh.
49
figpos(2)= figpos(2)-10;
figpos(3)= figpos(3)+10;
figpos(4)= figpos(4)+10;
% Tao figure
fig=figure( ...
'Name', namefig, ...
'NumberTitle','off', ...
'Position',figpos);
50
% thi hanh
(Hnh 6.3)
>>set(fig)
(Hnh 6.4)
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51
'Position',txtpos,...
'Fontname','Courier',...
'FontWeight','Bold',...
'FontSize',26);
Lu v thi hnh file ny.
(Hnh 6.5)
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52
(Hnh 6.6)
53
(Hnh 6.7)
54
(Hnh 6.8)
Sinh vin lu cch biu din nhiu lnh dng chui cho CallBack.
Trong trng hp c qu nhiu lnh phc v chc nng ny, ta nn a
chng vo mt script file hoc mt hm khc. Ngoi ra, nu ta to giao
din di dng mt hm (function) th thuc tnh CallBack cho php
gi mt hm con c vit ngay trong file ny.
j Sinh vin hy to thm nt About sao cho khi ngi s dng n nt s
m ca s mi nm ngay gia mn hnh 6.9.
(Hnh 6.9)
IV. T chn
Sinh vin hy xem mt s file to giao din demo ca cc toolbox trong
Matlab chng hn: graf3d.m trong \toolbox\matlab\demos, tham
kho cch xy dng giao din theo dng hm. Vi cch ny, thuc tnh
CallBack trong uicontrol cho php gi trc tip mt hm m hm
c xy dng ngay trong file giao din (ngha l khng cn to mt file
*.m khc phc v cho CallBack).
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55
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56
BI 7
THIT K M PHNG MCH V
V MCH IN
I. Mc tiu
Gip sinh vin bc u lm quen vi cc phn mm sau: Multisim
V6.20 (Electronics WorkBench) dng m phng cc mch tng t
v mch s; OrCAD Release 9 dng v Schematic, m phng v v
mch in (PCB).
III.1 Multisim
Trong phn ny, chng ta s lm quen vi Multisim 6.20 (hin c
Multisim 2001 hon thin hn), y l Version mi ca Electronics
WorkBench 5.x, n cho php s dng kt hp th vin linh kin Analog
v Digital vi nhiu cng c thn thin, h tr tuyt vi cho vic m
phng cc mch in t.
c Khi ng Multisim:
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57
trn Desktop.
58
III.2 OrCAD
Cc chc nng chnh ca OrCad gm: V s mch (OrCAD Capture),
m phng mch (OrCAD Pspice) v v mch in (OrCAD Layout). Tuy
nhin, trong phn th nghim ny chng ta khng cp n OrCAD
Pspice (y l mt trong nhng chc nng rt mnh ca OrCAD phin
bn 9.0 tr ln, ngh sinh vin t nghin cu).
trn desktop
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59
(Hnh 7.4)
Opamp:
TL082
Amplifier:
LM386
Lu Schematic va v vi tn BaiTN7.
-9V
+9V
+9V
+9V
R3 10K
.1
1K
Q1
+
-
U2
LM386
C3
C4
C5
.1
.1
.1
C2
5
6
1
3
7
2
1
1
U1A
TL082
R2
C1
R1
220
220 uF
LS1
+9V
SPEAKER
TcAD
VR
10K
4
8
(Hnh 7.5)
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60
III.2.2 To Netlist
Sau khi lu s va v, to Netlist phc v cho vic v mch in ta
thc hin nh sau:
ng ca s Schematic1:Page1, quay v Project Management
BaiTN7
(Hnh 7.6)
Chn Tools Annotate nh s th t cho linh kin.
Chn Tool Create Netlist. to Netlist.
Khi ca s Create Netlist xut hin, ta chn layout Tab (file d liu
netlist l BaiTN7.MNL), OK.
trn desktop.
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61
(Hnh 7.7)
Footprint
Th vin
Jumper600
JUMPER
CPCYL1/D.200/LS.100/.031
TM_CAP_P
Photo NPN
TO92
TO
TL082, LM386
DIP.100/8/W.300/LS.100/.425
DIP100T
VR
VRES1
VRES
Speaker
CYL/D.150/LS.100/.31
TM_CYLND
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62
(Hnh 7.8)
(Hnh 7.9)
Chn Options Jumper Settings , OK hoc View SpreadSheet
Layer bo s lp v. Trong bi th nghim ny, ta v board mch 2
lp, nn ch c TOP v BOTTOM l Routing.
(Hnh 7.10)
Chn View SpreadSheet Nets t kch thc cc ng mch:
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63
(Hnh 7.11)
(Hnh 7.12)
IV. T chn
c T thit k v m phng mt mch in t bng Multsim
d V mch in cho mch va thit k bng OrCAD.
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65