CHUYN S PHC

A. CHUN B KIN THC

I. DNG I S CA S PHC .
1. Mt s phc l mt biu thc c dng a + bi, trong a, b l cc s thc v s i tho mn i
2
= -1. K hiu s phc l z v vit z = a + bi .
i c gi l n v o
a c gi l phn thc. K hiu Re(z) = a
b c gi l phn o ca s phc z = a + bi , k hiu Im(z) = b
Tp hp cc s phc k hiu l C.
*) Mt s lu :
- Mi s thc a dng u c xem nh l s phc vi phn o b = 0.
- S phc z = a + bi c a = 0 c gi l s thun o hay l s o.
- S 0 va l s thc va l s o.
2. Hai s phc bng nhau.
Cho z = a + bi v z = a + bi.
z = z
'
'
a a
b b

'

3. Biu din hnh hc ca s phc.

Mi s phc c biu din bi mt im M(a;b) trn mt phng to Oxy.
Ngc li, mi im M(a;b) biu din mt s phc l z = a + bi .
4. Php cng v php tr cc s phc.
Cho hai s phc z = a + bi v z = a + bi. Ta nh ngha:

' ( ') ( ')
' ( ') ( ')
z z a a b b i
z z a a b b i
+ + + +

'
+

5. Php nhn s phc.

Cho hai s phc z = a + bi v z = a + bi. Ta nh ngha:

' ' ' ( ' ' ) zz aa bb ab a bi +
6. S phc lin hp.
Cho s phc z = a + bi. S phc
z
= a bi gi l s phc lin hp vi s phc trn.
Vy
z
= a bi + = a - bi
Ch : 1
0
)
z
= z z v
z
gi l hai s phc lin hp vi nhau.
2
0
) z.
z
= a
2
+ b
2
*) Tnh cht ca s phc lin hp:
(1):
z z
(2):
' ' z z z z + +
(3): . ' . ' z z z z
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CHUYN S PHC
(4): z.
z
=
2 2
a b +
(z = a + bi )
7. Mun ca s phc.
Cho s phc z = a + bi . Ta k hiu
z
l mun ca s ph z, l s thc khng m
c xc nh nh sau:
- Nu M(a;b) biu din s phc z = a + bi, th
z
=
OM
uuuuuv
=
2 2
a b +
- Nu z = a + bi, th
z
=
. z z
=
2 2
a b +
8. Php chia s phc khc 0.
Cho s phc z = a + bi 0 (tc l a
2
+b
2
> 0 )
Ta nh ngha s nghch o z
-1
ca s phc z 0 l s
z
-1
= 2 2 2
1 1
z z
a b
z

+
Thng
' z
z
ca php chia s phc z cho s phc z 0 c xc nh nh sau:
1
2
' '.
.
z z z
z z
z
z

Vi cc php tnh cng, tr, nhn chia s phc ni trn n cng c y tnh cht giao
hon, phn phi, kt hp nh cc php cng, tr, nhn, chia s thc thng thng.
II. DNG LNG GIC CA S PHC.
1. Cho s phc z 0. Gi M l mt im trong mt phng phc biu din s phc z. S o
(radian) ca mi gc lng gic tia u l Ox, tia cui OM c gi l mt acgumen ca z.
Nh vy nu l mt acgumen ca z, th mi acgumen u c dng:
+ 2k, k Z.
2. Dng lng gic ca s phc.
Xt s phc z = a + bi 0 (a, b R)
Gi r l mun ca z v l mt acgumen ca z.
Ta c: a = rcos , b = rsin
z = r(cos +isin), trong r > 0, c gi l dng lng gic ca s phc z 0.
z = a + bi (a, b R) gi l dng i s ca z.
3. Nhn v chia s phc di dng lng gic.
Nu z = r(cos +isin)
z' = r(cos +isin) (r 0, r 0)
th: z.z = r.r[cos( +) +isin( +)]
[ ]
' '
os( ' ) i sin( ' )
z r
c
z r
+
khi r > 0.
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CHUYN S PHC
4. Cng thc Moivre.
[z = r(cos +isin)]
n
= r
n
(cos n +isin n)
5. Cn bc hai ca s phc di dng lng gic.
Cho s phc z = r(cos +isin) (r>0)
Khi z c hai cn bc hai l:
os isin
2 2
r c

_
+

,

v -
os isin
2 2
r c

_
+

,
=
os isin
2 2
r c


_
_ _
+ + +

, , ,
B. MT S DNG TON C BN.
VN 1: DNG I S CA S PHC
Dng 1: Cc php tnh v s phc.
Phng php gii:
S dng cc cng thc cng , tr, nhn, chia v lu tha s phc.
Ch cho HS: Trong khi tnh ton v s phc ta cng c th s dng cc hng ng thc
ng nh nh trong s thc. Chng hn bnh phng ca tng hoc hiu, lp phng ca tng
hoc hiu 2 s phc
V d 1: Cho s phc z =
3 1
2 2
i
Tnh cc s phc sau:
z
; z
2
; (
z
)
3
; 1 + z + z
2

Gii:
a) V z =
3 1
2 2
i
z
=
3 1
2 2
i +
b) Ta c z
2
=
2
3 1
2 2
i
_

,
=
2
3 1 3
4 4 2
i i + =
1 3
2 2
i
( z )
2
=
2
2
3 1 3 1 3 1 3
2 2 4 4 2 2 2
i i i i
_
+ + + +


,
(
z
)
3
=(
z
)
2
.
z
=
1 3 3 1 3 1 3 3
2 2 2 2 4 2 4 4
i i i i i
_ _
+ + + +


, ,
Ta c: 1 + z + z
2
=
3 1 1 3 3 3 1 3
1
2 2 2 2 2 2
i i i
+ +
+ +
Nhn xt: Trong bi ton ny, tnh
( )
3
z ta c th s dng hng ng thc nh trong s thc.
V d 2 : Tm s phc lin hp ca:
1
(1 )(3 2 )
3
z i i
i
+ +
+

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CHUYN S PHC
Gii:
Ta c :
3 3
5 5
(3 )(3 ) 10
i i
z i i
i i

+ + + +
+
Suy ra s phc lin hp ca z l:
53 9
10 10
z i
V d 3: Tm m un ca s phc
(1 )(2 )
1 2
i i
z
i
+

+

Gii: Ta c :
5 1
1
5 5
i
z i
+
+
Vy, m un ca z bng:
2
1 26
1
5 5
z
_
+

,
V d 4: Tm cc s thc x, y tho mn:
3x + y + 5xi = 2y 1 +(x y)i
Gii:
Theo gi thit: 3x + y + 5xi = 2y 1 +(x y)i
(3x + y) + (5x)i = (2y 1) +(x y)i

3 2 1
5
x y y
x x y
+
'

Gii h ny ta c:
1
7
4
7
x
y

'

V d 5: Tnh:
i
105
+ i
23
+ i
20
i
34
Gii:
tnh ton bi ny, ta ch n nh ngha n v o t suy ra lu tha ca n
v o nh sau:
Ta c: i
2
= -1; i
3
= -i; i
4
= i
3
.i

= 1; i
5
= i; i
6
= -1
Bng quy np d dng chng minh c: i
4n
= 1; i
4n+1
= i; i
4n+2
= -1; i
4n+3
= -i; n N
*
Vy i
n
{-1;1;-i;i}, n N.
Nu n nguyn m, i
n
= (i
-1
)
-n
= ( )
1
n
n
i
i

_


,
.
Nh vy theo kt qu trn, ta d dng tnh c:
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CHUYN S PHC
i
105
+ i
23
+ i
20
i
34
= i
4.26+1
+ i
4.5+3
+ i
4.5
i
4.8+2
= i i + 1 + 1 = 2
V d 6: Tnh s phc sau:
z = (1+i)
15
Gii:
Ta c: (1 + i)
2
= 1 + 2i 1 = 2i (1 + i)
14
= (2i)
7
= 128.i
7
= -128.i
z = (1+i)
15
= (1+i)
14
(1+i) = -128i (1+i) = -128 (-1 + i) = 128 128i.
V d 7: Tnh s phc sau: z =
16 8
1 1
1 1
i i
i i
+
_ _
+

+
, ,
Gii:
Ta c:
1 (1 )(1 ) 2
1 2 2
i i i i
i
i
+ + +

1
1
i
i
i

+
. Vy
16 8
1 1
1 1
i i
i i
+
_ _
+

+
, ,
=i
16
+(-i)
8
= 2
Dng 2: Cc bi ton chng minh.
Trong dng ny ta gp cc bi ton chng minh mt tnh cht, hoc mt ng thc v s
phc.
gii cc bi ton dng trn, ta p dng cc tnh cht ca cc php ton cng, tr, nhn,
chia, s phc lin hp, mun ca s phc c chng minh.
V d 8: Cho z
1
, z
2
C.
CMR: E =
1 2 1 2
. z z z z + R
gii bi ton ny ta s dng mt tnh cht quan trng ca s phc lin hp l:
z R z = z
Tht vy: Gi s z = x + yi z = x yi.
z = z x + yi = x yi y = 0 z = x R
Gii bi ton trn:
Ta c
E
=
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
. z z z z z z z z + + = E E R
V d 9: Chng minh rng:
1) E
1
=
( ) ( )
7 7
2 5 2 5 i i + + R
2) E
2
=
19 7 20 5
9 7 6
n n
i i
i i
+ +
_ _
+

+
, ,
R
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CHUYN S PHC
Gii:
1) Ta c:
1
E
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
7 7 7 7 7 7
1
2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 i i i i i i E + + + + + + E
1
R
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
19 7 (9 ) 20 5 (7 6 )
19 7 20 5
2)
9 7 6 82 85
164 82 170 85
2 2
82 85
n n
n n
n n
n n
i i i i
i i
E
i i
i i
i i
+ + + _ _
+ + _ _
+ +

+
, ,
, ,
+
_ _
+ + +

, ,

2 2
E E
E
2
R
V d 10: Cho z C.
CMR:
1
1
2
z +
hoc |z
2
+ 1| 1
Gii:
Ta chng minh bng phn chng: Gi s
2
1
1
2
1 1
z
z

+ <

'

+ <

t z = a+bi z
2

= a
2
b
2
+ 2a + bi
2
1
1
2
1 1
z
z

+ <

'

+ <

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1
(1 ) 2( ) 4 1 0
2
( ) 2( ) 0
(1 ) 4 1
a b a b a
a b a b
a b a b

+ + < + + + <

' '
+ + <

+ + <

Cng hai bt ng thc trn ta c: (a

2
+ b
2

)
2
+ (2a+1)
2
< 0 v l pcm
Dng 3: Cc bi ton v mun ca s phc v biu din hnh hc
ca s phc.
Trong dng ny, ta gp cc bi ton biu din hnh hc ca s phc hay cn gi l tm tp
hp im biu din mt s phc z trong s phc z tho mn mt h thc no (thng l
h thc lin quan n mun ca s phc). Khi ta gii bi ton ny nh sau:
Gi s z = x+yi (x, y R). Khi s phc z biu din trn mt phng phc bi im
M(x;y). Ta c: OM =
2 2
x y + =
z

S dng d kin ca bi tm mi lin h gia x v y t suy ra tp hp im M.
Lu :
- Vi s thc dng R, tp hp cc s phc vi
z
= R biu din trn mt phng phc l
ng trn tm O, bn knh R.
- Cc s phc z,
z
< R l cc im nm trong ng trn (O;R)
- Cc s phc z,
z
>R l cc im nm ngoi ng trn (O;R)
V d 11 : Gi s M(z) l im trn mt phng phc biu din s phc z. Tm tp hp cc
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CHUYN S PHC
im M(z) tho mn mt trong cc iu kin sau y:
1.
1 z i +
=2
2.
2 1 z i +
3.
2 2 z z + >
4.
4 4 10 z i z i + +
5. 1
1 2 z i +
Gii: 1) Xt h thc:
1 z i +
=2 (1)
t z = x +yi (x, y R) z 1 + i = (x 1) + (y + 1)i.
Khi (1)
2 2
( 1) ( 1) 2 x y + +
(x-1)
2
+ (y + 1)
2
= 4.Tp hp cc im M(z) trn mt phng to biu din
s phc z tho mn (1) l ng trn c tm ti I(1;-1) v bn knh R = 2.
2) Xt h thc
2 z z i +
(2)
(2)
( 2) z z i
(*)
Gi A l im biu din s -2, cn B l im biu din s phc i
(A(-2;0); B(0;1))
ng thc (*) chng t M(z)A = M(z)B.
Vy tp hp tt c cc im M(z) chnh l ng trung trc ca AB.
Ch : Ta c th gii cch khc nh sau:
Gi s z = x + yi, khi :
(2) |(x+2) +yi| = |-x+(1-y)i| (x+2)
2
+ y
2
= x
2
+ (1-y)
2
4x + 2y + 3 = 0.
vy tp hp cc im M(z) l ng thng 4x + 2y + 3 = 0.
nhn xt: ng thng 4x + 2y + 3 = 0 chnh l phng trnh ng trung trc ca on AB.
3) Xt:
2 2 z z + >
(3)
Gi s z = x + yi, khi :
(3) |2+x+yi| > |x+yi-2|
(x+2)
2
+y
2
> (x-2)
2
+y
2
x > 0.
Tp hp cc im M(z) l na mt phng bn phi trc tung, tc l cc im (x;y) m x > 0.
Nhn xt: Ta c th gii cch khc nh sau:
(3) |z-(-2)| >|z-2|
Gi A, B tng ng l cc im biu din s thc -2 v 2, tc l A(-2;0), B(2;0).
Vy (3) M(z)A > M(z)B. M A, B i xng nhau qua Oy.
T suy ra tp hp cc im M(z) l na mt phng bn phi trc tung.
4) Xt h thc:
4 4 10 z i z i + +
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-2 -1 1 2
-2
-1
1
2
x
y
A
B
O
CHUYN S PHC
Xt F
1
, F
2
tng ng biu din cc im 4i v -4i tc l F
1
(0;4) v F
2
=(0;-4). Do :
(4) MF
1
+ MF
2
= 10 (M = M(z))
Ta c F
1
F
2
= 8 Tp hp tt c cc im M nm trn (E) c hai tiu im l F
1
v
F
2
v c di trc ln bng 10.
Phng trnh ca (E) l:
2 2
1
9 16
x y
+
5) Xt h thc 1
1 2 z i +
1
( 1 ) 2 z i +
.
Xt im A(-1;1) l im biu din s phc -1 + i. Khi 1 MA 2.
Vy tp hp cc im M(z) l hnh vnh khn c tm ti A(-1;1) v cc bn knh ln v nh ln
lt l 2 v 1
Cch 2: Gi s z = x +yi khi (5) 1 |(x+1) +(y-1)i| 2 1 (x+1)
2
+ (y-1)
2
4
kt qu nh trn.
V d 12 : Xc nh cc im nm trong mt phng phc biu din cc s phc z tho mn mt
trong cc iu kin sau y:
1. |z +
z
+3|=4
2. |z +
z
+ 1 - i| = 2
3. 2|z-i|=|z-
z
+2i|
4. |z
2

z
2
| = 4
Gii:
1) Xt h thc: z +
z
+3|=4 (1)
t x = x + yi z = x yi, do
(1) |(x+yi)+(x-yi)+3|=4
|2x+3|=4
1
2
7
2
x
x

Vy tp hp tt c cc im M l hai ng thng song song vi trc tung x =

1
2
v x =
7
2

2) Xt h thc: |z +
z
+ 1 - i| = 2.
t z = x + yi z = x yi. Khi :
(2) |1+(2y-1)i| = 2 1 + (2y-1)
2
= 4 2y
2
-2y-1 = 0
1 3
2
1 3
2
y
y

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CHUYN S PHC
Vy tp hp cc im M l hai ng thng song song vi trc honh y =
1 3
2
t
.
3) Xt h thc 2|z-i|=|z-
z
+2i|.
t z = x + yi z = x yi. Khi : (3) |x+(y-1)i| = |(x+y)i|
x
2
+(y-1)
2
= (x+y)
2
x
2
4y = 0 y =
2
4
x
.
Vy tp hp cc im M l parabol y =
2
4
x
4)Xt h thc: |z
2

z
2
| = 4
t z = x + yi z = x yi. Khi : (4) |4xyi| = 4 16x
2
y
2
= 16
1
1
xy
xy

Vy tp hp cc im M l hai nhnh (H) xy = 1 v xy = -1

V d 13 : Tm s phc z tho mn h:
1
1
3
1
z
z i
z i
z i

'

Gii: Gi s z = x + yi, khi

1
1
z
z i

|z-1| = |z-i| |x+yi-1|=|x+yi-i|

(x-1)
2
+ y
2
= x
2
+ (y-1)
2
x=y.
Ta li c:
3
1
z i
z i

+
|z-3i| = |z+i| |x+yi-3i| = |x+yi+i| x
2
+ (y 3)
2
= x
2
+ (y+1)
2
y = 1 x = 1. Vy s phc phi tm l z =1+i
V d 14: Trong cc s phc z tho mn iu kin: |z 2+3i| =
3
2
Tm s phc z c mun nh nht.
Gii: Gi s z = x + yi, khi : |z 2+3i| =
3
2
|(x-2) +(y+3)i|=
3
2
(x-2)
2
+ (y+3)
2
=
9
4
Tp hp im M tho mn iu kin cho l ng trn tm I(2;-3)
v bn knh 3/2.
Mun ca z t gi tr nh nht khi v ch khi M thuc ng trn v gn O nht M
trng vi M
1
l giao ca ng thng OI vi ng trn.
Ta c: OI = 4 9 13 +
K M
1
H Ox. Theo nh l Talet ta c:
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CHUYN S PHC
1 1
1
3
13
2
3 13
9 6 13 9
13 3 13
2 2
M H OM
OI
M H

M
1
H =
6 13 9 78 9 13
26 2 13

Li c:
3
13
26 3 13
2
2 13 13
OH
OH

Vy s phc cn tm l:
26 3 13 78 9 13
13 26
z

+
V d 15 : Cho z
1
= 1+i; z
2
= -1-i. Tm z
3
C sao cho cc im biu din ca z
1
, z
2
, z
3
to
thnh tam gic u.
Gii:
gii bi ton ny ta cn ch n kin thc sau:
Gi s M
1
(x
1
;y
1
) biu din s phc z
1
= x
1
+ y
1
i
Gi s M
2
(x
2
;y
2
) biu din s phc z
2
= x
2
+ y
2
i
Khi khong cch gia hai im M
1
M
2
bng mun ca s phc z
1
z
2
.
Vy: M
1
M
2
= |z
1
z
2
| =
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
x x y y +
p dng vo bi ton:
Gi s z
3
= x+yi
cc im biu din ca z
1
, z
2
, z
3
to thnh mt tam gic u th
1 2 1 3
1 2 2 3
z z z z
z z z z

'

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
4 4 1 1
1 1 8
0
4 4 1 1
x y
x y
x y
x y

+ +
+

' '
+

+ + + +

2y
2
= 6 y = 3 t x = 3 m
Vy c hai s phc tho mn l: z
3
= 3 (1+i) v z
3
= - 3 (1-i)
VN 2: GII PHNG TRNH PHC.
Dng 1: Tm cn bc hai ca mt s phc.
Cho s phc w = a + bi . Tm cn bc hai ca s phc ny.
Phng php:
+) Nu w = 0 w c mt cn bc hai l 0
+) Nu w = a > 0 (a R) w c hai cn bc hai l a v - a
+) Nu w = a < 0 (a R) w c hai cn bc hai l ai v - ai
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CHUYN S PHC
+) Nu w = a + bi (b 0)
Gi s z = x +yi (x, y thuc R) l mt cn bc hai ca w z
2
= w (x+yi)
2
= a + bi

2 2
2
x y a
xy b

'

tm cn bc hai ca w ta cn gii h ny tm x, y. Mi cp (x, y) nghim ng

phng trnh cho ta mt cn bc hai ca w.
Ch : C rt nhiu cch gii h ny, sau y l hai cch thng dng gii.
Cch 1: S dng phng php th: Rt x theo y t phng trnh (2) th vo pt (1) ri
bin i thnh phng trnh trng phng gii.
Cch 2: Ta bin i h nh sau:
2 2
2
x y a
xy b

'

( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
/ 2
2
x y a
x y a
xy b x y a b
xy b
xy b

+ +
' '

T h ny, ta c th gii ra x
2
v y
2
mt cch d dng, sau kt hp vi iu kin
xy=b/2 xem xt x, y cng du hay tri du t chn c nghim thch hp.
Nhn xt: Mi s phc khc 0 c hai cn bc hai l hai s i nhau.
V d 16: Tm cc cn bc hai ca mi s phc sau:
1) 4 + 6 5 i
2) -1-2 6 i
Gii:
1) Gi s z = x +yi (x, y thuc R) l mt cn bc hai ca w = 4 + 6 5 i
Khi : z
2
= w (x+yi)
2
= 4 + 6 5 i
2 2
2
2
3 5
(1)
4
45 2 6 5
4 (2)
y
x y
x
xy
x
x

' '

(2) x
4
4x
2
45 = 0 x
2
= 9 x = 3.
x = 3 y = 5
x = -3 y = - 5
Vy s phc w = 4 + 6 5 i c hai cn bc hai l: z
1
= 3 + 5 i v z
2
= -3 - 5 i
2) Gi s z = x +yi (x, y thuc R) l mt cn bc hai ca w = -1-2 6 i
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 11
CHUYN S PHC
Khi : z
2
= w (x+yi)
2
= -1-2 6 i
2 2
2
2
6
(1)
1
6 2 2 6
1 (2)
y
x y
x
xy
x
x

' '

(2) x
4
+ x
2
6 = 0 x
2
= 2 x = 2 .
x = 2 y = - 3
x = - 2 y = 3
Vy s phc w = 4 + 6 5 i c hai cn bc hai l: z
1
= 2 - 3 i v z
2
= - 2 + 3 i
Dng 2: Gii phng trnh bc hai.
Cho phng trnh bc hai: Az
2
+Bz +C = 0 (1) (A, B, C C, A 0)
Phng php:
Tnh = B
2
4AC
*) Nu 0 th phng trnh (1) c hai nghim phn bit z
1
=
2
B
A
+
, z
2
=
2
B
A

(trong l mt cn bc hai ca ).
*) Nu = 0 th phng trnh (1) c nghim kp: z
1
= z
2
=
2
B
A

V d 17 : Gii cc phng trnh bc hai sau:
1) z
2
+ 2z + 5 = 0
2) z
2
+ (1-3i)z 2(1 + i) = 0
Gii:
1) Xt phng trnh: z
2
+ 2z + 5 = 0
Ta c: = -4 = 4i
2
phng trnh c hai nghim: z
1
= -1 +2i v z
2
= -1 2i.
2) Ta c: = (1-3i)
2
+8(1+i) = 2i.
By gi ta phi tm cc cn bc hai ca 2i.
1) Gi s z = x +yi (x, y thuc R) l mt cn bc hai ca w = 2i

2 2
2
2
1
1
1
0
1 2 2 1
0
1
x
y
y
x y
x
xy x
x
x
y

'

' '

'

Vy s phc 2i c hai cn bc hai l: 1+i v -1 i

Phng trnh c hai nghim l: z
1
=
3 1 1
2
2
i i
i
+ +

z
2
=
3 1 1
1
2
i i
i

+
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 12
CHUYN S PHC
Nhn xt: Ngoi phng php tm cn bc hai nh trn, i vi nhiu bi ta c th phn tch
thnh bnh phng ca mt s phc. Chng hn: 2i = i
2
+ 2i + 1 = (i+ 1)
2
t d dng suy ra
hai cn bc hai ca 2i l 1 + i v -1 i.
Dng 3: Phng trnh quy v bc hai
i vi dng ny ta thng gp phng trnh bc 3 hoc phng trnh bc 4 dng c
bit c th quy c v bc hai.
i vi phng trnh bc 3 (hoc cao hn), v nguyn tc ta c gng phn tch v tri
thnh nhn t ( a v phng trnh tch) t dn n vic gii phng trnh bc nht v
bc hai.
i vi mt s phng trnh khc, ta c th t n ph quy v phng trnh bc hai
m ta bit cch gii.
3.1. Phng php phn tch thnh nhn t.
V d 18 : Cho phng trnh sau:
z
3
+ (2 2i)z
2
+ (5 4i)z 10i = 0 (1)
1) Chng minh rng (1) nhn mt nghim thun o.
2) Gii phng trnh (1).
Gii:
a) t z = yi vi y R
Phng trnh (1) c dng: (iy)
3
+ (2i-2)(yi)
2
+ (5-4i)(yi) 10i = 0
-iy
3
2y
2
+ 2iy
2
+ 5iy + 4y 10i = 0 = 0 + 0i
ng nht ho hai v ta c:
2
3 2
2 4 0
2 5 10 0
y y
y y y
+

'
+ +

gii h ny ta c nghim duy nht y = 2

Vy phng trnh (1) c nghim thun o z = 2i.
b) V phng trnh (1) nhn nghim 2i
v tri ca (1) c th phn tch di dng:
z
3
+ (2 2i)z
2
+ (5 4i)z 10i = (z 2i)(z
2
+az + b) (a, b R)
ng nht ho hai v ta gii c a = 2 v b = 5.
(1) (z 2i)(z
2
= 2z + 5) = 0
2
2
2
1 2
2 5 0
1 2
z i
z i
z i
z z
z i




' '
+ +

+

Vy phng trnh (1) c 3 nghim.

V d 19 : Gii cc phng trnh:
1) z
3
27 = 0
2) z
3
= 18 + 26i, trong z = x + yi ; x,y Z
Gii:
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 13
CHUYN S PHC
1) z
3
27 = 0 (z 1) (z
2
+ 3z + 9) = 0
2
2,3
1
1
3 3 3
3 9 0
2
z
z
i
z z
z

+ +

Vy phng trnh cho c 3 nghim.

2) Ta c: (x + yi)
3
= x
3
3xy
2
+ (3x
2
y y
3
)i = 18 + 26i
Theo nh ngha hai s phc bng nhau, ta c:
3 2
2 3
3 18
3 26
x xy
x y y

'

T h trn, r rng x 0 v y 0.
t y = tx , h 18(3x
2
y y
3
) = 26(x
3
3xy
2
)
18(3t-t
3
) = 26(1-3t
2
) 18t
3
78t
2
54t+26 = 0 ( 3t- 1)(3t
2
12t 13) = 0.
V x, y Z t Q t = 1/3 x = 3 v y = 1 z = 3 + i.
V d 20:
1) Tm cc s thc a, b c phn tch: z
3
+3z
2
+3z 63 = (z 3)(z
2
+az + b)
2) Gii phng trnh: z
3
+3z
2
+3z 63 =0
Gii:
1) Gi thit z
3
+3z
2
+3z 63 = z
3
+(a-3)z
2
+(b-3a)z 3b

3 3
6
3 3
21
3 63
a
a
b a
b
b

' '

2) p dng phn 1) ta c: z
3
+3z
2
+3z 63 =0 (z 3)(z
2
+6z + 21)=0

3
3 2 3
3 2 3
z
z i
z i

Vy phng trnh cho c 3 nghim.

V d 21: Gii phng trnh:
z
4
4z
3
+7z
2
16z + 12 = 0 (1)
Gii:
Do tng tt c cc h s ca phng trnh (1) bng 0 nn (1) c nghim z = 1.
(1) (z 1)(z
3
3z
2
+ 4z 12) = 0
(z 1) (z 3) (z
2
+ 4) = 0

2
1
1
3
3
2
4 0
2
z
z
z
z
z i
z
z i

redrose2407@gmail.com Page 14
CHUYN S PHC
Vy phng trnh cho c 4 nghim.
3.2 Phng php t n ph.
V d 22 : Gii phng trnh:
(z
2
+ z)
2
+ 4(z
2
+ z) -12 = 0
Gii:
t t = z
2
+ z, khi phng trnh cho c dng:
t
2
+ 4t 12 = 0
2
2
1 23
2
6 6 0
1 23
2
2 0 2
1
2
i
z
t z z
i
z
t
z z
z
z

Vy phng trnh cho c 4 nghim.

V d 23: Gii phng trnh:
(z
2
+ 3z +6)
2
+ 2z(z
2
+ 3z +6) 3z
2

= 0
Gii:
t t = z
2
+ 3z +6 phng trnh cho c dang:
t
2
+2zt 3z
2
= 0 (t z)(t+3z) = 0
3
t z
t z

+ Vi t = z z
2
+ 3z +6 z = 0 z
2
+ 2z + 6 = 0
1 5
1 5
z i
z i

+ Vi t = -3z z
2
+ 3z +6 +3z = 0 z
2
+ 6z + 6 = 0
3 3
3 3
z
z

Vy phng trnh cho c 4 nghim.

V d 24: Cho phng trnh: z
4
-2z
3
z
2
2z + 1 = 0 (1)
a) Bng cch t y = z +
1
z
hy a phng trnh v dng: y
2
2y 3 = 0.
b) T gii (1)
Gii:
Do z = 0 khng l nghim ca (1) chia hai v ca phng trnh cho z
2
ta c:
z
2
- 2z 1 - 2
1
z
+
2
1
z
= 0.
t y = z +
1
z
phng trnh c dng: y
2
2y 3 = 0
1
3
y
y

redrose2407@gmail.com Page 15
CHUYN S PHC
Vi y = -1 = z +
1
z
= -1 z =
1 3
2
i t
Vi y = 3 = z +
1
z
= 3 z =
3 5
2
t
Vy phng trnh cho c 4 nghim
V d 25: Gii phng trnh:
z
4
z
3
+
2
2
z
+ z + 1 = 0 (1)
Gii:
Do z = 0 khng phi l nghim ca phng trnh (1) nn:
(1) z
z
z +
1
2
+
1
z
+
2
1
z
= 0
(z-
1
z
)
2
(z-
1
z
) +
5
2
= 0.
t y = z-
1
z
pt c dng: y
2
y +
5
2
= 0 2y
2
2y + 5 = 0
1 3
2
1 3
2
i
y
i
y
+

+) Vi y =
1 3
2
i +
z -
1
z
=
1 3
2
i +
2z
2
(1+3i)z 2 = 0 (2)
Ta c : = (1+3i)
2
+ 16 = 8 +6i = (3+i)
2

phng trnh (2) c 2 nghim: z
1
= 1+i
z
2
=
1
2

+
1
2
i
+) Vi y =
1 3
2
i
z -
1
z
=
1 3
2
i
2z
2
(1-3i)z 2 = 0 (3)
Ta c : = (1-3i)
2
+ 16 = 8 -6i = (3-i)
2

phng trnh (3) c 2 nghim: z
3
= 1-i
z
4
=
1
2

-
1
2
i
Vy phng trnh cho c 4 nghim.
Dng 4: Gii h phng trnh phc.
V d 26 : Gii h phng trnh 2 n z v w:
3 3
w 3(1 ) (1)
w 9( 1 ) (2)
z i
z i
+ +
'
+ +

Gii:
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 16
CHUYN S PHC
T (2) ta c: (z + w)
3
3zw(z + w) = 9(-1+i) (3)
Thay (1) vo (3) ta c: 27(1+i)
3
9zw(1+i) = 9 (-1+i)
3(1+3i+3i
2
+i
3
) zw(1+i) = -1 + i
zw =
5 5
5
1
i
i
i
+

+
Vy ta c h phng trnh:
w 3(1 )
.w 5
z i
z i
+ +
'

Theo nh l Viet z, w l cc nghim ca phng trnh: t

2
-3(1+i) + 5i = 0 (4)
Ta c: = -2i = (1 i)
2

Phng trnh (4) c hai nghim
2
1 2
t i
t i
+

Vy h cho c hai nghim (z;w) l (2+i; 1+2i) v (1+2i;2+i)

V d 27: Gii h phng trnh 2 n z v w:
1 2 3
1 2 2 3 3 1
1 2 3
1 (1)
1 (2)
1 (3)
z z z
z z z z z z
z z z
+ +

+ +
'

Gii:
Ta c z
1
, z
2
, z
3
l cc nghim ca phng trnh: (z z
1
)(z z
2
)(z-z
3
) = 0
z
3
(z
1
+z
2
+z
3
)z
2

+(z
1
z
2
+z
2
z
3
+

z
3
z
1
)z - z
1
z
2
z
3
= 0
z
3

z
2
+ z 1 = 0 z = 1 v z = i
Vy h phng trnh cho c 6 nghim (l hon v ca b ba s 1, i v i)
VN 3: DNG LNG GIC CA S PHC.
Dng 1: Chuyn mt s phc sang dng lng gic.
Phng php: Dng lng gic c dng: z = r(cos + i sin ) trong r > 0.
chuyn mt s phc sang dng lng gic ta cn tm r v ;
+ Ta c r = |z|
+ l s thc tho mn
os
sin
a
c
r
b
r

'

V d 28: Vit cc s phc sau di dng lng gic:

1) 2i
2) -1
3) 2
4) -3i
5) z
1
= 6+6i 3
6) z
2
=
1
4

+i
3
4
7) z
3
= 9 9i 3
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 17
CHUYN S PHC
Gii:
1) Ta c: r
1
= 2, =
2

z
1
= 2(cos
2

+isin
2

)
2) Ta c: r
2
= 1, = z
2
= cos +isin
3) Ta c: r
3
= 2, = 0 z
3
= 2(cos0+isin0)
4) Ta c: r
4
= 3, =
3
2

z
4
= 2(cos
3
2

+isin
3
2

)
5) Ta c: r
5
= 12
Chn l s thc tho mn
1
os
2
3
sin
2
c

'

=
3

vy z
5
= 12(cos
3

+isin
3

)
6) Ta c r
6
=
2
2
1 3 1
4 4 2
_

_
+


,
,
Chn l s thc tho mn
1
os
2
3
sin
2
c

'

=
2
3

vy z
6
= 12(cos
2
3

+isin
2
3

)
7)Ta c: r
7
= 18
Chn l s thc tho mn
1
os
2
3
sin
2
c

'

=
3

vy z
7
= 12(cos(
3

)+isin(
3

))
Nhn xt: y l mt dng bi tp rt ph bin, cn ch cho hc sinh cch chn s tha
mn h phng trnh lng gic
os
sin
a
c
r
b
r

'

. Trong qu trnh dy, ti thy rng nhiu hc sinh

mc sai lm sau: ch tm tha mn cos = a/r m khng n sin = b/r. Chng hn vi
h
1
os
2
3
sin
2
c

'

th hc sinh chn =
3

.
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 18
CHUYN S PHC
V d 29: Vit cc s phc sau di dng lng gic:
1) (1-i 3 )(1+i)
2)
1 3
1
i
i

+
3)
1
2 2i +
Gii: 1) Ta c: 1- i 3 =2
os isin
3 3
c
1
_ _
+
1
, , ]
(1+i) =
2 os i sin
4 4
c

1
+
1
]
p dng cng tthc nhn, chia s phc ta uc:
(1-i 3 )(1+i) = 2 2
os isin
12 12
c
1
_ _
+
1
, , ]
2)
1 3
1
i
i

+
= 2
7 7
os isin
12 12
c
1
_ _
+
1
, , ]
3)
1
2 2i +
=
1
(1 )
4
i
=
1
2 os isin
4 4 4
c
1
_ _
+
1
, , ]
=
2
os isin
2 4 4
c
1
_ _
+
1
, , ]
V d 30 : Tm phn thc v phn o ca mi s phc sau:
1)
( )
10
9
(1 )
3
i
i

+
2)
5 7
os i sin (1 3 )
3 3
c i i

_
+

,
Gii:
1) Xt s phc:

( )
10
9
(1 )
3
i
i

+
=
10
5
9 4
9
5 5
2 os- i sin 2 os- i sin
4 4 1 1 12 12
3 3 2 ( os i sin ) 16
2 os i sin
2 os i sin
2 2
6 6
c c
c
c
c



1 _
_
+ +
1
,
] ,

+ _
1
_
+
+

1
,
, ]
Vy: phn thc bng:
1
16

v phn o bng 0.
2) Xt s phc:
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 19
CHUYN S PHC
5 7
os i sin (1 3 )
3 3
c i i

_
+

,
=
[ ]
7
7
7 7
7 7
os i sin 2 os i sin 2 os i sin os i sin
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2 os2 i sin 2 2
c i c c i c
c i i


1 _ 1
_ _ _ _ _
+ +
1 1
, , , , ,
] , ]
+
Vy: phn thc bng: 0 v phn o bng 128.
V d 31 : Tnh s phc sau:
z =
( )
( )
5
10
10
(1 ) 3
1 3
i i
i
+

Gii:
z =
( )
10
5
10
5
10
10
2 os i sin 2 os i sin
4 4 6 6
4 4
2 os isin
3 3
c c
c


_ _ _ _
+ +

, , ,
,
_
+

,
=
10
10
10 10 5 5 5 5
2 os i sin os i sin os i sin
4 4 6 6 3 3
40 40 40 40
os isin 2 os isin
3 3 3 3
c c c
c c


_ _ _ _
_ _
+ + +

, , ,
, , ,

_
+ +

,
= cos(-15) + isin(-15) = -1.
V d 32 : Vit cc s sau di dng lng gic:
1) cosa isina, a [0;2).
2) sina +i(1+cosa), a [0;2).
3) cosa + sina + i(sina cosa), a [0;2)
Gii:
Ta c:
1) cosa - isin a = cos(2 - a) + isin(2 -a) khi a [0;2)
2) z
2
= sina +i(1+cosa) = 2sin
2
a
cos
2
a
+ 2icos
2
2
a
= 2cos
2
a
(sin
2
a
+ i cos
2
a
)
- Nu a [0; ) cos
2
a
> 0 z
2
= 2cos
2
a
(cos(
2

-
2
a
) + i sin (
2

-
2
a
)
- Nu a ( ;2 ) cos
2
a
< 0 z
2
= -2cos
2
a
(cos(
3
2

-
2
a
) + i sin (
3
2

-
2
a
)
- Nu a z
2
= 0(cos0 + isin0)
3) z
3
= cosa + sina + i(sina cosa) = 2 (cos
4
a

_

,
+ i sin
4
a

_

,
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 20
CHUYN S PHC
Dng 2: ng dng ca dng lng gic.
V d 33 : Chng minh rng:
sin5t = 16sin
5
t 20sin
3
t +5sint
cos5t = 16cos
5
t 20cos
3
t +5cost
Gii:
Dng cng thc Moivre v cng thc khai trin nh thc (cost + isint)
5
Ta c:
cos5t + isin5t = cos
5
t + 5icos
4
tsint + 10i
2
cos
3
tsin
2
t + 10i
3
cos
2
t.sin
3
t +5i
4
cost.sin
4
t + i
5
sin
5
t
cos5t + isin5t = cos
5
t -10cos
3
t(1-cos
2
t) + 5cost(1-sin
2
t)
2
+ i[5(1-sin
2
t)
2
sint 10(1-sin
2
t)sin
3
t
+sin
5
t]
ng nht hai v ta c iu phi chng minh.
Ngoi ng dng ca cng thc Moivre vo lng gic, chng ta c th thy nu chuyn
c mt s phc v dng lng gic th c th tm cn bc hai mt cch d dng v nhanh
chng. Sau y l mt s ng dng ca dng lng gic tm cn bc hai ca mt s phc v
gii phng trnh bc hai.
V d 34 : Gii phng trnh:
z
5
+ z
4
+ z
3
+ z
2
+ z + 1 = 0 (1)
Gii:
Ta c: (1) z
4
(z + 1) + z
2
(z + 1) + (z + 1) = 0
(z+ 1) (z
4
+ z
2
+ 1) = 0

4 2
1
1 0
z
z z

+ +

Xt phng trnh: z
4
+ z
2
+ 1 = 0 z
2
=
1 3
2
i t

2
2
1 3 2 2
os i sin
2 2 3 3
1 3 2 2
os i sin
2 2 3 3
z i c
z i c

+ +

_ _
+

, ,
T z
2
=
2 2
os i sin
3 3
c

+

os i sin
3 3
os -i sin
3 3
z c
z c

T z
2
=
2 2
os i sin
3 3
c

_ _
+

, ,

os i sin
3 3
os -i sin
3 3
z c
z c


_ _
+

, ,

_ _


, ,

Tm li phng trnh cho c tt c 5 nghim:

redrose2407@gmail.com Page 21
CHUYN S PHC
z = -1; z =
1 3
2 2
i + ; z =
1 3
2 2
i ; z =
1 3
2 2
i ; z =
1 3
2 2
i +
V d 35 : Cho z
1
v z
2
l hai s ph xc nh bi z
1
= 1+i 3 v z
2
= 1 i
a) Xc nh dng i s v dng lng gic ca
1
2
z
z
b) T suy ra gi tr chnh xc ca: cos
7
12

v sin
7
12

Gii: Ta c
1
2
z
z
=
1 3
1
i
i
+

=
1 3 1 3
2 2
i
_
+
+


,
Ta c: z
1
= 2(cos
3

+ isin
3

); z
2
= 2 (cos
4

,
+ isin
4

,
)

1
2
z
z
= 2 (cos
7
12

+ isin
7
12

)
cos
7
12

=
1 3
2

v sin
7
12

=
1 3
2
+
Nhn xt: Qua bi tp ny ta thy c mt ng dng quan trng ca s phc, ta c th tnh sin,
cos ca mt gc bng cng c s phc thng qua s lin h gia dng i s v dng lng gic
ca s phc.
V d 3 6: Cho s phc z
0
c mun bng 1 v argument bng
2
5

a) CMR z
0
l nghim ca phng trnh z
5
1 = 0
b) Rt gn biu thc (z 1)(1+z + z
2
+ z
3
+ z
4
)
c) Hy suy ra rng z
0
l nghim ca phng trnh:
2
2
1 1
z z
z z
_ _
+ + +

, ,
+ 1 = 0
d) Gii phng trnh cu c)
e) T suy ra gi tr ca z
0
v biu thc gi tr ca cos
2
5

v sin
2
5

Gii:
a) Ta c: z
0
= cos
2
5

+ i sin
2
5

p dng cng thc Moavr ta c: z

0
5
= (cos
2
5

+ i sin
2
5

)
5
= cos2 + isin2 = 1 z
0
l
nghim ca phng trnh z
5
1 = 0.
b) Khai trin ng thc ny ta c z
5
1 = 0.
c) z
5
1 = 0 (z 1)(1+z + z
2
+ z
3
+ z
4
) = 0
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 22
CHUYN S PHC
m z
0
0 z
0
l nghim ca phng trnh 1+z + z
2
+ z
3
+ z
4
= 0 z
2
(
2
1
z
+
1
z
+ 1 + z + z
2
)
(vi z 0) z
0
l nghim ca phng trnh
2
1
z
+
1
z
+ 1 + z + z
2
= 0 (*) pcm.
d) t y = z +
1
z
phng trnh (*) c dng: y
2
y + 1 = 0
1,2
1 5
2
y
t

e) T cc cu trn ta c: z
0
l nghim ca mt trong hai phng trnh sau: z +
1
z
= y
1
hoc z +
1
z

= y
2
*) Xt phng trnh: z +
1
z
= y
1
z
2
y
1
z + 1 = 0 z
2

+
1 5
2

z + 1 = 0
=
2
1 5
2
_

,
- 4 = -
5 5
2
+
=
2
5 5
2
i
1
+
1
1
]

1
2
1 5 5 5
4 2 2
1 5 5 5
4 2 2
i
z
i
z

+ +
+

+ +

*) Xt phng trnh: z +
1
z
= y
2
z
2
y
2
z + 1 = 0 z
2

+
1 5
2
+
z + 1 = 0
=
2
1 5
2
_
+


,
- 4 = -
5 5
2

=
2
5 5
2
i
1

1
1
]

1
2
1 5 5 5
4 2 2
1 5 5 5
4 2 2
i
z
i
z

V cos
2
5

v sin
2
5

u dng phn thc v phn o ca z

0
u dng
z
0
= z
1
=
1 5 5 5
4 2 2
i + +
+ cos
2
5

=
1 5
2
+
v sin
2
5

=
1 5 5
2 2
+
V d 3 7: Gii phng trnh:
z
6
= -64 (1)
Gii:
Gi s z = x + yi = r(cos + isin)
Ta c: -64 = 64(cos + isin )
Z
6
= -64 r
6
(cos6 + isin6 )= 64(cos + isin ) r
6
= 64 r = 2
V cos6 + isin6 = cos + isin 6 = +2k (k Z) =
2
6 6
k

+
Vi k = 0 z
1
= 2
os isi
6 6
c n

_
+

,
= 3 +i
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 23
CHUYN S PHC
Vi k = -1 z
1
= 2
os - isi
6 6
c n
_
_ _
+

, , ,
= 3 -i
Vi k = 1 z
1
= 2
os isi
2 2
c n

_
+

,
= 2i
Vi k = -2 z
1
= 2
os - isi
2 2
c n
_
_ _
+

, , ,
= -2i
Vi k = -3 z
1
= 2
5 5
os - isi -
6 6
c n
_
_ _
+

, , ,
= - 3 -i
V d 38: Tm n l s nguyn dng v
[ ] 10 , 1 n
sao cho s phc
( )
n
3 i 1 z +
l s thc
Gii:
Ta c: 1 + i 3 = 2
os i sin
3 3
c

_
+

,
z = 2
n
os i sin
3 3
n n
c

_
+

,
z R 2
n
.sin
3
n
= 0 sin
3
n
= 0 n chia ht cho 3, m n nguyn dng [1;10] n
[3;6;9]
C. BI TP CNG C KIN THC.
Cc bi tp v dng i s ca s phc
Bi 1: Chng minh rng: Nu |z
1
| = |z
2
| = 1, z
1
.z
2
1 th A =
1 2
1 2
1
z z
z z
+
+
R
HD: Ta c:
A
= A suy ra A l s thc.
Bi 2: Tm cc im M trong mt phng phc biu din s phc z tho mn mt trong cc iu
kin sau:
a) |z-2| = 3
b) |z+i|<1
c) |z-1+2i| > 3
d)
1
2 z
z
+
e) Re
2
1
z
z

,
=0
f)
1 z
z
+
R
p s:
a) ng trn tm (2;0), bn knh bng 3
b) Hnh trn tm (0;-1), bn knh bng 1
c) Phn ngoi ng trn tm (1;-2) bn knh bng 3.
d) Gi s z = x + yi
2
1
2 1 2 z z z
z
+ +
(x
2
y
2
+1)
2
+4x
2
y
2
= 4(x
2
+ y
2
)
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 24
CHUYN S PHC
(x
2
+ y
2
-1)
2
= 4y
2

2 2
2 2
1 2
1 2
x y y
x y y
+

Tp hp cc im M(x;y) biu th s phc z l hp ca hai ng trn:

x
2
+ y
2
-2y 1 = 0 v x
2
+ y
2
+2y 1 = 0
e) Tp hp cc im M(x;y) l ng trn: x
2
+ y
2
3x + 2 = 0.
f) Gi s z = x + yi
1 z
z
+
=
[ ] ( ) [ ]
2
2 2 2 2
(1 ) (1 ) (1 )
1
x yi x yi x x y y x xy i
x yi
x yi x y x y
+ + + +
+

+
Gt 2xy + y = 0 y = 0 hoc x = -1/2.
Bi 3 : Tm s thc x, y tha mn ng thc : x(3+5i) + y(1-2i)
3
= 9 + 14i
Phng trnh bc hai, phng trnh bc cao, h phng trnh
Bi 4: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) z
2
= -9
b) z
2
= - 5
c) 4z
2
2z + 1 = 0
d) z
2
2zcos + 1 = 0
e)
0 ) i 3 4 ( z ) i 3 ( z
2
+
Bi 5: Tm s phc z bit z
2
+ |z| = 0
p s: z= 0; z = i; z = -i
Bi 6: a) Tm cc s phc a, b c phn tch:
z
4
+ 2z
3
+3z
2
+ 2z + 2 = (z
2
+ 1)(z
2
+az + b)
b) Gii phng trnh: z
4
+ 2z
3
+3z
2
+ 2z + 2 = 0
p s:
a) a = 2; b = 2
b) z
1,2
= i; z
3,4
= -1 i
Bi 7: Cho phng trnh: z
3
2(1+i)z
2
+ 3iz + 1-i = 0 (1)
a) Chng minh rng z = 1 l mt nghim ca phng trnh (1)
b) Tm hai s v sao cho z
3
2(1+i)z
2
+ 3iz + 1-i = (z 1) (z
2
+ z + ) = 0
c) Gii phng trnh (1).
p s:
a) = -2i-1; = i 1
b) z = 1; z = i ; z = 1+i
Bi 8: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) z
4
+ 3z
2
+ 2 = 0
b) 2z
4
+ z
3
+ 3z
2
+ z + 2 = 0
Bi 9: Cho hai phng trnh sau
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 25
CHUYN S PHC
z
4
4z
3
+ 14z
2
36z + 45 = 0
z
4
+ z
3
+ 6 z
2
+ 4z + 8 = 0
a) Chng minh rng phn trnh sau c hai nghim thun o.
b) Hy gii phng trnh (1) v (2).
Bi 10: Gii h phng trnh sau:
1 2
1 2
1
2
2 3
z z
z z

'

p s:
(
3 3
;
4 2
i i +
) v (
3 3
;
4 2
i i +
)
Dng lng gic ca s phc v ng dng
Bi 11: Vit cc s sau di dng lng gic:
a) z
1
= 6 + 6i 3
b) z
2
=
1 3
4 4
i +
c) z
2
=
1 3
2 2
i
d) z
3
= 9 9i 3
e) z
5
= -4i
p s:
z
1
= 12
os i sin
3 3
c

_
+

,
; z
2
=
1 2 2
os i sin
2 3 3
c

_
+

,
; z
3

=
4 4
os i sin
3 3
c

+
z
1
= 12
5 5
18 os i sin
3 3
c

_
+

,
; z
2
=
3 3
4 os i sin
2 2
c

_
+

,
;
Bi 12: Vit cc s phc sau di dng lng gic:
a) -2(cos
6

+isin
6

)
b) cos
17

- isin
17

c) sin
17

+ icos
17

d) 1 cos a+ isina, a [0;2)

p s:
a) 2(cos
7
6

+isin
7
6

)
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 26
CHUYN S PHC
b) cos
17

,
+ isin
17

,
c) cos
15
34

+ isin
15
34

d)
- Nu a (0;2 ) sin
2
a
> 0 z
2
= 2sin
2
a
(cos(
2

-
2
a
) + i sin (
2

-
2
a
))
- Nu a = 0 khng tn ti s phc di dng lng gic.
Bi 13: Cho s phc z = 1+ 3 i. Hy vit dng lng gic ca s phc z
5.
Bi 14: S dng dng lng gic tnh s phc sau:
a) ( )
( )
1 3
3 3 2 3 2
2 2
i i i
_
+ +


,
b) (1+i)(-2-2i)i
c) -2i(-4+4 3 i)(3+3i)
d) 3(1-i)(-5+5i)
p s: a) 12 2 (cos
7
4

+isin
7
4

)
b) 4(cos0 + isin0)
c) 48 2 (cos
5
12

+isin
5
12

)
d) 30(cos
2

+isin
2

)
Bi 15: Chng minh rng:
12
3
1
i
i
_
+


+
,
l s thc
p s: S dng cng thc Moavr :
12
3
1
i
i
_
+


+
,
= -64
Bi 16: Tm mun ca z v argument:
a) z =
( )
( )
( )
( )
8
6
8
2 3 2
1
1 6
2 3 2
i
i
i
i
+
+
+

b) z =
( )
( ) ( )
4
10 4
1
1
3 2 3 2
i
i i
+
+
+
c) z =
( ) ( )
1 3 1 3
n n
i i + +
p s:
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 27
CHUYN S PHC
a) |z| =
13
13
1
2
2
+
; arg z =
5
6

b) |z| =
9
1
2
; arg z =
c) |z| =
1
5
2 os
3
n
n
c

+
; arg z = {0; }
Bi 17 :Cho hai s phc z
1
= 2 + i 2 v z
2
= 1+ 3 i
a) Tnh mun v argument ca hai s phc ni trn.
b) Tnh mun v argument ca z
1
3
v z
2
2
v
3
1
2
2
z
z
c) T suy ra gi tr chnh xc ca cos
12

v sin
12

p s :
a) Ta c |z
1
| = 2;
1
=
4

; |z
2
| = 2;
2
=
3

b) |z
1
3
| = 8;
3
=
3
4

; |z
2
| = 4;
4
=
2
3

;
3
1
2
2
z
z
= 2;
5
=
12

c) cos
12

=
2 6
4
+
v sin
12

=
6 2
4

Bi 18: Cho z l mt s phc tho mn z

2
= 2 + i 2
a) Tnh nghim ca phng trnh ny v vit nghim di dng lng gic.
b) Hy tnh chnh xc gi tr ca cos
8

v sin
8

Bi 19: Tm cc cn bc hai ca s phc sau:

a) z = 1+i
b) z = i
c)
1
2 2
i
+
d) -2(1+i 3 )
e) 7- 24i
p s:
a) z
k
=
4
2 2
4 4
2 os isin
2 2
k k
c


_
+ +

+


,
, k {0;1}
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 28
CHUYN S PHC
b) z
k
=
2 2
2 2
os isin
2 2
k k
c

+ +
+
, k {0;1}
c) z
k
=
2 2
4 4
os isin
2 2
k k
c

+ +
+
, k {0;1}
d) z
k
=
4 4
2 2
3 3
2 os isin
2 2
k k
c


_
+ +

+


,
, k {0;1}
e) z
1
= 4-3i; z
2
= -4 + 3i
Cc bi ton v s phc trong thi tt nghip v tuyn sinh i hc nm hc 2009_2010
Bi 20 (Cu 5a_TNPT 2009)
Gii phng trnh: 8z
2
4z + 1 = 0 trn tp s phc.
Bi 21 (Cu 5b_TNPT 2009)
Gii phng trnh: 2z
2
iz + 1 = 0 trn tp s phc.
Bi 22 (HKA_2009)
Gi z
1
, z
2
l hai nghim phc ca phng trnh: z
2
+ 2z + 10 = 0.
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc A = |z
1
|
2
+ |z
2
|
2
p s: A = 20
Bi 23 (HKB_2009)
Tm s phc z tha nm |z-(2+i)|= 10 v z.
z
=25
p s: z = 3+4i hoc z = 5.
redrose2407@gmail.com Page 29