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Ha hc Sinh vin ton quc.
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giai on chnh, giai on th nht do anh Hng v ch Dng
Th Thanh Tm (chaungoancuabac) ra thi (t thi s 1 -
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Hng v ch Tm xin ngh v ngi thay th l anh Vn
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thi gian di tip theo (giai on 2 ny bt u t thi s 12 -
28). Nu nh giai on th nht, anh Hng v ch Tm ch
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hc sinh chuyn Ha nhiu
hn, bi vy thi Ha
hc offline rt phong ph
v ph hp vi nhiu i
tng, ch cn quan tm
n mn Ha l . Sau
mt thi gian di (gn mt nm) tm hon th cui cng
p ng nhu cu ca cc thnh vin yu thch mn ha hc,
box Ha tip tc kt hp vi din n Ha hc Vit Nam
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Ha hc offline ln th Nht
s 1
Bi 1
Hon thnh cc phn ng sau:
a) 3MnO
2
A + O
2
b) Fe
2
O
3
+ Na
2
CO
3 (n/c)
c) CuSO
4
+ KCN
d) CaC
2
+ H
2
O
Bi 2
Photpho tng i t tc ng n c th ngi cn photpho trng li rt c. Cho bit cu
trc ca hai dng th hnh ca photpho nh hng nh th no n hot tnh ca chng.
Bi 3
Thc hin cc phn ng iu ch:
a) Xiclopentanon xiclopentanon (v ngc li)
b) Canxi cacbua bixiclo[1.1.0]butan
c) Xiclohexan metylxiclohexan
Bi 4
So snh nhit si ca hai ng phn ortho- v para-nitrophenol (o- v p-O
2
N-C
6
H
4
-OH). Gii
thch.
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s 2
Bi 1
Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
a) NO
2
+ FeSO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
b) NO
2
+ H
2
O
2
c) NO
2
+ O
3
d) SO
2
+ HI H
2
S +
Bi 2
Gii thch ti sao tnh tan ca axit cacboxylic gim khi tng ln ca mch cacbon.
Bi 3
Ti sao PH
3
c cc tnh b v t tan trong nc hn so vi NH
3
?
Bi 4
Cho bit trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm v dng hnh hc ca cc phn t/ion sau:
CO
2
, SO
3
, H
2
O, PCl
5
, SO
4
2-
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s 3
Bi 1
Dung dch A gm Na
2
CO
3
v NaOH c cng nng 0,001 M. Tnh th tch HCl (V mL) 0,20
M cn s dng trung ha hon ton 25,00 mL dung dch A. Cho bit:
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O . HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
pK
b
= 3,67
HCO
3
-
+ H
2
O . H
2
CO
3
+ OH
-
pK
b
= 7,65
Bi 2
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc axit cha photpho sau:
- Axit hirophotphor
- Axit octophotphor
- Axit pirophotphor
- Axit metaphotphoric
- Axit octophotphoric
- Axit pirophotphoric
Bi 3
C 200 mL dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
. in phn ht cc ion kim loi trong dung dch
cn dng dng in cng I = 0,402 A, thi gian t = 4h. Xem hiu sut in phn h = 100 %.
Tnh nng mol ca cc mui nitrat trong dung dch ban u bit khi lng cc kim loi thot
ra catot l m
= 3,44 g.
Bi 4
Cht chng ng thng dng nht l g v n c vai tr g trong cuc sng thng ngy vo
ma ng cc quc gia pht trin kinh t?
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s 4
Bi 1
Gii thch ti sao (R)-butan-2-ol trong mi trng axit s b mt dn tnh quang hot?
Bi 2
in li ca HSO
4
-
trong NH
4
HSO
4
l 5,6 %. Tnh pH ca dung dch. Cho bit:
pK
a
(NH
4
+
) = 9,24
pK
a
(HSO
4
-
) = 2,00
pK
w
= 14,00
Bi 3
Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng:
a) NH
2
OH + I
2
+ KOH
b) N
2
H
4
+ HNO
2
c) PH
3
+ HClO
4
d) NaBrO + PbS
e) H
3
PO
3
t
o
---
Bi 4
Mt mu c 32 mg U
238
v 2 mg Pb
206
, bit chu k bn hy T
1/2
(U
238
) l 4,51.10
9
nm. Tnh
tui ca mu .
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s 5
Bi 1
Cn bng cc phn ng oxi ha-kh sau:
a) CuFeS
2
+ O
2
Cu
2
S + Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
b) CrI
3
+ Mn(NO
3
)
2
+ K
2
CO
3
KIO
4
+ K
2
MnO
4
+ K
2
CrO
4
+ CO
2
+ NO
Bi 2
Trong phng th nghim c hai dung dch axit A v B vi nng khc nhau, ngi ta trn hai
dung dch theo t l khc nhau:
- Nu trn hai dung dch theo t l th tch
V
A
V
E
=
3
1
th khi trung ha 10,00 cm
3
hn hp
cn dng 7,50 cm
3
dung dch kim.
- Nu trn hai dung dch theo t l th tch
V
A
V
E
=
1
3
th khi trung ha 10,00 cm
3
hn hp
cn dng 10,50 cm
3
dung dch kim ni trn.
Tnh th tch hai dung dch A v B
V
A
V
E
sau khi trn chng li vi nhau th th tch dung dch
kim ni trn cn s dng trung ha hn hp cng chnh bng th tch ca hn hp.
(Cho bit hai axit A v B khng phn ng c vi nhau)
Bi 3
Tng ozon b ph hy nh th no? (Nu cc c ch chnh)
Hin nay chng ta s dng nhng bin php g trong cng nghip bo v tng ozon?
Bi 4
Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
a) A + HNO
3
3 oxit
B + NaOH 2 mui + 1 oxit
C + HCl 2 mui + 1 oxit
D + mui X 1 mui
E + mui Y 1 mui
Bit rng: A l n cht, B l mui, C l oxi cn D v E l kim loi.
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s 6
Bi 1
Ti sao cc ngnh sn xut gm, thy tinh, xi mng thng c gi vi tn chung l cc
ngnh "cng nghip silicat"?
Bi 2
Nu 5 phn ng khc nhau trc tip to ra HCl t Cl
2
.
Bi 3
Cho 1,03 g mui NaX (X l halogen) tc dng vi AgNO
3
d thu c kt ta, kt ta ny sau
khi phn hy hon ton cho 1,08 g Ag. Xc nh nguyn t X.
Bi 4
16,2 g hn hp kim loi kim A v oxit ca n tan ht trong nc thu c dung dch B v trung
ha ht
1
10
dung dch B cn 200 mL H
2
SO
4
0,15 M. Cho bit A l nguyn t no? Khi lng
ring phn mi cht ban u trong hn hp l bao nhiu?
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s 7
Bi 1
Cho bit cc thnh phn ha hc (chnh)/cng thc ha hc ca:
- Nc clo
- Nc javen
- Nc cng
- Nc mm
- Nc cng thy
- Nc kh (bng kh)
- Nc oxi gi
- Nc nng
Bi 2
B sung v cn bng cc phn ng sau:
a) NH
4
ClO
4
+ P H
3
PO
4
+ N
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O
b) FeCl
2
+ HNO
3
Fe
3+
+ NO +
Bi 3 (Phng php Dumas nh lng nit)
Tnh thnh phn % ca nit trong hp cht X, bit:
- Trng hp 1: Khi t chy 0,252 g X thu c 103,5 cm
3
N
2
18
o
C v 735 mm Hg.
- Trng hp 2: t chy 0,375 g X thu c 155,25 cm
3
N
2
, trong iu kin phn ng th
ng cha cht cht X c p ngc bi mt chu nc nhit 18
o
C di p sut kh
quyn 735 mm Hg, p sut hi bo ha l 15 mmHg. Mc nc trong v ngoi ng
bng nhau.
Bi 4
Cho 1,36 g hn hp bt kim loi Fe v Mg vo 400 mL dung dch CuSO
4
. Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton ta c cht rn A cn nng 1,84 g v dung dch B. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch
xt d khi c mt khng kh, sau ly kt ta em nung nhit cao v n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton th thu c hn hp oxit cn nng 1,2 g. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong
hn hp ban u v nng dung dch CuSO
4
.
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s 8
Bi 1
Nhm nguyn cht c phn ng vi nc khng? Ti sao?
Nu cho nhm nguyn cht vo trong mt ng nghim cha nc ct, sau nh t t dung dch
NaOH vo ng nghim th hin tng g xy ra? Gii thch.
Bi 2
Mt nguyn t A c th to thnh ba axit c s oxi ha khc nhau ca n l -a, +2a v +3a. Phn
t khi ca mt trong ba axit l 34.
a) Xc nh nguyn t A. Vit cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca ba axit .
b) Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch ba axit t mt mui thch hp ca st.
c) Vit phng trnh phn ng ca axit c phn t khi ln nht vi mui natri ca hai mui
cn li.
Bi 3
C nm l ha cht b mt nhn, nh s t [1] [5], cha cc cht:
Na
2
SO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
, Ba(NO
3
)
2
, Pb(NO
3
)
2
, CaCl
2
Xc nh cc cht trong mi l ha cht, bit rng:
- [2] + [1], [3], [4] to thnh kt ta trng.
- [5] + [1], [3], [4] to thnh kt ta trng.
- [3] + [4] to thnh kt ta trng.
- [2] + [4] khng thy to kt ta ngay t u.
(Ch : K hiu [i] ch ha cht trong l nh s i)
Bi 4
a) A v B l hai anken th kh. Nu trn A v B theo t l th tch
V
A
V
E
=
1
1
th 8,4 g hn
hp mi cng hp va vi 32 g dung dch nc brom.
Nu trn Nu trn A v B theo t l khi lng
m
A
m
E
=
1
1
th 5,6 g hn hp cng hp va
0,3 g H
2
.
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v B.
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s 9
Bi 1
Gii thch hin tng photpho trng pht ln quang.
Bi 2
Phn t MX
2
c tng s ht trong phn t l 186, hp cht ion ny c to nn t cation M
2+
v
anion X
-
c c im:
- S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 54.
- S khi ca M ln hn X l 21.
- Tng s ht trong M
2+
ln hn trong X
-
l 27.
Vit cu hnh M, X v cng thc phn t ca MX
2
.
Bi 3
Vi mi trng hp sau y, vit mt phn ng minh ha:
a) Oxit + oxit axit
b) Oxit + oxit baz
c) Oxit + oxit mui
d) Oxit + axit oxit + axit
Bi 4
Cho bit iu kin hnh thnh lin kt hiro v bn cht ca lin kt ny.
Nu cc loi lin kt hiro thng gp qua mt s v d c th.
Bi 5
vui:
"Kh g khi ht phi
Ai cng sc sa ci
Cht g mi ngi thi
Nc mt ngi gin gia?"
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s 10
Bi 1
Cho 5 L hn hp kh gm CH
4
, C
2
H
4
v 3 L H
2
i qua bnh ng niken. un nng n khi phn
ng kt thc th thu c 6 L hn hp kh Y. Tnh % th tch ca CH
4
v C
2
H
4
trong hn hp X.
Bi 2
Hy k tn v nh ngha v tm loi lin kt ch yu trong ha hc.
Bi 3
C mt m nc bng nhm, sau mt thi gian s dng b ng mt lp cn trng. Lm th no
ra sch lp cn trng ny bng phng php ha hc?
Bi 4
Ha tan hon ton 11,2 g vi sng vo nc thu c dung dch A. Ha tan 28,1 g hn hp
MgCO
3
v BaCO
3
(vi a % MgCO
3
) bng HCl d thy gii phng kh C. Cho kh C hp th
hon ton vo dung dch A th thu c kt ta D.
a) Tnh khi lng ln nht (m
max
) v nh nht (m
min
) ca D.
b) Tnh gi tr a tng ng vi m
max
v m
min
.
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s 11
Bi 1
So snh th tch (V mL) ca kh NO sinh ra iu kin tiu chuNn (ktc) v tnh khi lng
mui thu c trong cc trng hp sau:
a) 6,4 g kim loi Cu tc dng vi 120 mL HNO
3
1M.
b) 6,4 g kim loi Cu tc dng vi 120 mL hn hp HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5 M.
c) 6,4 g kim loi Cu tc dng vi 120 mL hn hp HNO
3
1M v HCl 2M.
Bi 2
Hy nu by loi nhm chc (hu c) thng gp trong chng trnh ha hc ph thng.
Xt tc dng nh hng qua li gia cc nhm chc trong phn t axit axetic.
Bi 3
t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon bi lng O
2
va , nhn thy nu nng O
2
tng
gp i th vn tc phn ng tng gp 8 ln. Hy xc nh hirocacbon.
Bi 4
Biu din cng thc oxit ngi ta c th vit M
x
O
y
hoc M
2
O
n
. Cho bit ngha ca x, y, n v
mi quan h.
Phn bit oxit v peoxit (v cu to v s oxi ha).
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s 12
Bi 1
Hon thnh dy chuyn ha sau:
Al Al
2
O
3
NaAlO
2
Al(OH)
3
NaHCO
3
CO
2
CaCO
3
AlCl
3
?
Bi 2
a) T than , bng phng php n gin nht (s phn ng t nht xt v mt l thuyt)
hy iu ch:
- Ancol etylic.
- Axit lactic.
b) Gii thch cc hin tng sau:
- Bi rc c nng H
2
S ln (H
2
S l mt kh rt c) nhng cc sinh vt (ln ngi lm
rc) vn sng c.
- Khi ta nu canh cua th thy cc mng riu cua ni ln.
Bi 3
Kim loi A phn ng vi phi kim B to hp cht C mu vng cam. Cho 0,1 mol hp cht C phn
ng vi CO
2
(d) to thnh hp cht D v 2,4 g hp cht B. Ha tan hon ton D vo nc, dung
dch D phn ng ht vi 100 mL dung dch HCl 1M, gii phng 1,12 L kh CO
2
(ktc). Hy xc
nh A, B, C, D v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bit hp cht C cha 45,07 % B theo
khi lng, hp cht D khng b phn tch khi nng chy.
Bi 4
a) Cht A c cng thc phn t C
4
H
4
v c cc ng phn B, D. Chng c cc tnh cht sau:
- A tc dng c vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
.
- Cc nguyn t cacbon trong B c hai kiu lai ha sp v sp
2
.
- Tt c cc nguyn t cacbon trong D u lai ha sp
3
.
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s 13
Bi 1
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng thc hin dy chuyn ha sau:
AgCl
Ag AgNO
3
Ag
2
O
Ag
2
SO
4
C
B
A
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Tin hnh phn ng Diels-Alder gia B v xiclopentaien (B cng 1,4 v xiclopentaien cng
1,2) thu c hp cht D (C
10
H
6
Cl
6
). Xc nh cng thc cu to v hon thnh cc phng trnh
phn ng t A n D.
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s 14
Bi 1
a) Xt n da, xa khan, xa tinh th v xa gii kht c cng thc cu to nh th no
v thuc loi cht g?
b) Mt dung mi tt phi c tnh cht g? Trnh by r nhng tnh cht c bn v cho v d
minh ha.
c) V sao nc c xem l dung mi vn nng.
Bi 2
Cho mt mol axit axetic tc dng vi 1 mol ru etylic, phn ng t trng thi cn bng khi c
2
3
mol nc to thnh.
a) Tnh t l axit axetic v ru etylic cn dng 90 % ru etylic phn ng.
b) Cho 1 mol axit axetic tc dng vi hn hp gm 1 mol ru etylic v 1 mol metylic.
Phn ng t trng thi cn bng khi c 0,86 mol H
2
O to thnh. Xc nh thnh phn
hn hp trng thi cn bng.
Bi 3
Trng thi to cu th ca h keo c ngha v cng quan trng i vi i sng sinh vt. C th
ng thc vt c cu trc gel v thch. Cu trc ca xng, thch ca m, c, bp... nh c cu
trc m c th sinh vt chim t 75 % n 90 % hay 99 % l nc m vn c hnh dng xc
nh, c sc bn c hc ln, chu c nhng tc ng ca mi trng. bin, ta c th gp
nhng "khi thch sng", l nhng con sa. Trong c th n c ti 99 % khi lng l nc,
ch c 1 % l phn cht kh. V nh th, ch cn 1 % y to nn khung cu th l to ra c
th sng c chc nng: th, tiu ha v sinh sn.
Ha keo l mt phn ngnh ha hc vn c nhiu ng dng quan trng trong i sng cng nh
trong cc ngnh khoa hc khc nh sinh hc, nng lm nghip,...
a) Hy k tn nm nh ha hc c nhng ng gp ln trong phn ngnh ha keo.
b) Hy k 3 dung dch keo trong c th sng ca con ngi.
Bi 4
Hp cht A c phn t gm 8 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t to nn. Phn t khi ca A nh hn
32. Lp lun xc nh cng thc phn t ca A (chng trnh kin thc ha hc ph thng).
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Bi 5
Trong mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha H
2
v N
2
(ng th tch) o 0
o
C, p sut 1 atm.
Tin hnh phn ng tng hp NH
3
ri a nhit v 0
o
C.
a) Tnh p sut trong bnh sau phn ng, bit c 60 % H
2
phn ng.
b) Nu p sut trong bnh l 0,9 atm th c hiu sut ring phn ca mi cht tham gia phn
ng l bao nhiu?
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s 15
Bi 1
a) Hy nu ng dng ca tnh hp ph ca than hot tnh - mt cht hp ph vn nng c th
hp ph lng ln hi v kh c trong i sng hng ngy.
b) Chuyn v chic mt n phng c ra i sau s kin khng khip vo thi k i chin
th gii ln th Nht (1914 - 1918). Ma xun nm 1915, chiu ngy 22/4 trn sng Ipr,
ln u tin bn pht xt c s dng hi ngt clo vo cuc chin. Khong 15.000 qun
lnh Canada v Php b nhim c nng v khang 5.000 ngi cht vo m hm .
Chnh vo thi gian , nh bc hc Nga Nhiclai imitrivich Zlinxki sng ch ra
chic mt n phng hi c. N c trang b bi mt chic hp c bit cho khng
kh i qua trc khi i vo c th ngi. Trong chic hp nh ny ngi ta np y cht
c kh nng gi li cc cht c. y bnh c mng lc khi lm bng giy lc p c tc
dng gi c hc cc ht bi v khi. Lp tip theo l than hot tnh. Trn na l lp cht
hp ph ha hc, ti y cc phn t kh b gi li khng ch do s hp ph m cn bi
cc phn ng ha hc thng thng. Hin nay, ngi ta bit s dng cc thit b lc
hi c di nhng dng khc nhau.
Cu hi: Hy cho bit trong mt iu thuc l, thit b lc hi c l thnh phn no?
c) V sao khi n ng glucoz vo li thy u li mt lnh?
Bi 2
Cho hn hp kh metan v clo theo t l ng phn t vo mt ng nghim p ngc ln mt
chu nc mui c nhng sn mt mNu giy qu, ri em ra ngoi nh sng. Hy d on hin
tng xy ra v gii thch.
Bi 3
Mt oxit kim loi c cng thc phn t l M
x
O
y
, trong M chim 72,41 % v khi lng. Kh
hon ton oxit ny bng kh CO thu c 16,8 g kim loi M. Ha tan hon ton lng M bng
HNO
3
thu c mui ca M (ha tr III) v 0,9 mol NO
2
. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v xc
nh cng thc phn t ca M
x
O
y
.
Bi 4
a) Vit phn ng iu ch qua li gia benzen v phenol.
b) Bng 4 phn ng, t metan hy tng hp anehit malonic (HOCCH
2
CHO)
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s 16
Bi 1
a) Hy gii thch dng hnh hc ca anion l hexaflorophotphat v cation tetraphenylasen.
b) Canxi xianamit l mt loi phn bn c iu ch t mt cht r tin v ph bin nh
vi. Nhit phn vi to ra mt cht rn mu trng A v mt cht kh khng mu B
khng duy tr s chy. Cho A phn ng vi cacbon th thu c cht rn mu xm C v
mt cht kh D. C v D l nhng cht d b oxi ha. Sau cng cho C phn ng vi nit s
thu c canxi xianamit. Vit cc phn ng xy ra.
Bi 2
Anken A c cng thc phn t C
6
H
12
c ng phn hnh hc, tc dng vi nc brom to B. Cho
B tc dng vi KOH/ancol, un nng thu c hn hp cc sn phNm gm ien C v ankin C'.
Khi oxi ha C bng dung dch kali pemanganat c nng thu c kh cacbonic v axit axetic.
Xc nh cng thc cu to cc cht.
Bi 3
Hp cht MX
2
kh ph bin trong t nhin. Ha tan MX
2
bng dung dch HNO
3
c nng, d
thu c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch Pb(CH
3
COO)
2
thy to thnh kt ta trng,
cn vi dung dch NH
3
th li cho kt ta mu nu .
a) Hi MX
2
l cht g? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b) Nc t nhin (nc sui) cc vng m c MX
2
b axit ha rt mnh (c pH thp). Vit
phng trnh phn ng gii thch hin tng .
c) Nguyn t X c th to thnh vi flo hp cht XF
n
, trong n c ga tr cc i. Da vo cu
hnh electron ca X tm n v cho bit trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm t suy ra
dng hnh hc ca XF
n
.
d) Khi ha tan M vo dung dch axit long th ta thu c ion no ca M, gii thch da trn th
in cc chuNn E
o
. Bit M
a+
/M = -0,036 V cn M
b+
/M = -0,441V.
Bi 4
C phn ng nh sau:
OH
H
2
SO
4
85 %
~ 80
o
C
+ H
2
O
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C
6
H
5
OH
A
C
6
H
5
OH
B
Tin hnh cc phn ng cng iu kin ban u th vi hai cht A v B, cht no s cho hiu
sut cao hn? Gii thch ti sao.
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s 17
Bi 1
Hp cht A l mt cht ion kt tinh mu trng c dng rng ri lm phn bn cng nh lm
thuc n. A n v phn hy trn 300
o
C cho hai kh B v C khng mu, khng mi v phn t
mi kh ch c hai nguyn t v nc. Ti nhit thp hn (khong 250
o
C) A phn hy thnh
kh D phn t c 3 nguyn t. D c dng lm cht gy m trong y hc. D cng khng bn v
phng din nhit ng hc ging nh A v D b nhit phn thnh B v C.
Hp cht A c sn xut bng cch cho kh E phn ng vi F. E c mi kh ngi c trng v
c th iu ch c do tc dng ca A vi dung dch NaOH un nng (E khng phi l sn
phNm duy nht ca phn ng). Trong sn xut, E c iu ch bng phn ng ca B vi H
2
, c
mt xc tc st oxit nhit v p sut cao (400
o
C, 250 atm).
F l mt axit mnh v cng l mt tc nhn oxy ha mnh, c sn xut theo mt qa trnh ba
giai on:
- Phn ng ca E vi C ti 850
o
C c xc tc to thnh kh G khng mu v H
2
O (Phn ng
ca oxi nguyn t vi D cng to thnh G).
- Phn ng tip theo ca G vi C to thnh kh H mu nu, tn ti dng cn bng vi
cht I khng mu, I c cng s electron vi ion oxalat.
- H d li trong nc to thnh F v G v cht sau c s dng li.
a) Xc nh cc cht v vit tt c cc phn ng xy ra.
b) Gii thch v sao phn ng ca H vi nc c gi l phn ng d li?
Bi 2
a) Ha tan hn hp FeS
2
v CuS (t l gia FeS
2
v CuS l
a
b
) vo dung dch HNO
3
long
thu c kh NO duy nht. Hy vit phn ng xy ra v cn bng phng trnh trn mt
cch tng qut (c k n a, b).
b) C 6 dung dch ring bit: NaOH, NaCl, KI, K
2
S, Pb(NO
3
)
2
, NH
3
b mt nhn. Trnh by
phng php nhn bit 6 ha cht trn ch bng mt thuc th duy nht, khng c
dng thm ha cht khc k c mu th ban u.
Bi 3
Xt phn ng sau:
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s 18
Bi 1
A, B, C, D, E l nhng cht ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
. Bit rng:
- A lm tan vi
- B tc dng vi NaOH nhng khng tc dng vi Na v khng c phn ng trng gng.
- C tc dng vi NaOH v c phn ng trng gng
- D tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng gng nhng khng tc dng vi NaOH.
- E tc dng vi Na nhng khng c phn ng trng gng v khng tc dng vi NaOH.
Xc nh CTCT ca A, B, C, D, E.
Bi 2
Cho mt hn hp A gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
c s mol bng nhau. Ly m
1
gam cht A cho vo ng s
chu nhit, nung nng ri cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng, CO phn ng ht. Tt c lng CO
2
sinh ra cho qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c m
2
gam kt ta trng. Cht rn B cn
li trong ng s sau phn ng c khi lng 28,16 g gm Fe, FeO v Fe
3
O
4
. Ha tan hn hp B
trong dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 3,9424 L kh NO duy nht 27,3
o
C v 1atm. Tnh m
1
v m
2
v s mol HNO
3
tham gia phn ng.
Bi 3
un nng KMnO
4
, dn kh thu c qua hn hp cha NH
4
Cl v CaO, kh sau khi i qua hn
hp trn cho i qua bt Pt nung nng. Cui cng dn ton b sn phNm kh vo mt chu nc
c ng giy qu xanh. Hi hin tng g xy ra?
Bi 4
Cho amin bc 1 phn ng vi HCHO/HCOOH
a) Cho bit sn phNm chnh thu c l g?
b) Nu nhng lun im chnh ca c ch.
Bi 5
Hon thnh cc phn ng sau:
a) NH
4
HSO
3
+ (NH
4
)
2
S
2
O
3
b) N
2
H
4
+ HNO
2
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s 19
Bi 1
Tin hnh th nghim sau: "Cho Al vo dung dch axit nitric long d thu c dung dch A v
mt kh khng mu, khng mi, hi nh hn khng kh. Cho dung dch NaOH t t cho n d
vo dung dch A th thu c dung dch B. un nng nh dung dch B th c kh mi khai thot
ra. Sc kh CO2 n d vo dung dch B thu c dung dch C v kt ta E."
Vit cc phn ng xy ra.
Bi 2
Ha tan hon ton 13,2 gam hn hp Fe
2
O
3
v CuO trong 2 lt dung dch HCl 0,245 mol/L (va
) thu c dung dch X.
a) Tnh % khi lng Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp.
b) Cho mt ming kim loi Mg vo dung dch X. Sau mt thi gian ly ming kim loi ra
khi dung dch th thu c dung dch Y (th tch vn l 2L) v thy khi lng ming
kim loi tng 1,16g. Tnh nng mol/L cc cht tan trong dung dch Y.
Bi 3
T propan l cht hu c duy nht, hy vit tt c cc phng trnh cn thit iu ch DDT.
Tt c cc cht v c cn thit u c .
CH
C
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
Cng thc cu to ca DDT (icloiphenyltricloetan)
Bi 4
Hp cht A c cha vng 5 cnh v c cng thc phn t C
7
H
12
, cho A phn ng vi ozon ri
tip theo kh ha bng Zn/H
2
O thu c ianehit B (C
7
H
12
O
2
). Hp cht A cng phn ng
c vi KMnO
4
0
o
C cho hp cht C (C
7
H
14
O
2
) khng cha nguyn t cacbon bt i v phn
ng d dng vi mt ng lng photgen. X l C vi dung dch KMnO
4
nng sinh ra iaxit E
(C
7
H
12
O
4
). Clo ho iaxit E thu c ti ba ng phn F, G v H l nhng hp cht monoclo c
cng thc C
7
H
11
O
4
Cl. Hp cht F khng cha nguyn t cacbon bt i, cc hp cht G v H l
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nhng ng phn i quang. X l A vi peroxiaxit tip theo thu phn axit thu c cp ng
phn i quang I v J (c hai u c cng thc C
7
H
14
O
2
) v l ng phn hnh hc ca hp cht
C. Cho bit cu trc cc cht t A n J (ai khng v c th c tn).
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s 20
Bi 1
C 5 l mt nhn mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch sau: NaHSO
4
, KHCO
3
, Mg(HCO
3
)
2
,
Na
2
SO
3
, Ba(HCO
3
)
2
. Ch un nng, hy nhn bit chng.
Bi 2
Hai este A v B l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l C
9
H
8
O
2
. A v B u cng hp
c vi brom theo t l mol
1
1
. A tc dng vi xt cho mt mui v mt anehit, B tc dng vi
xt d cho hai mui v nc, cc mui c khi lng phn t ln hn CH
3
COONa.
Xc nh CTCT ca A v B, vit phn ng.
Ngoi A v B cn c cc dn xut axit v este khc ca benzen c cng cng thc phn t v
cng tc dng vi brom theo t l mol
1
1
hay khng?
Bi 3
Mt hp cht A c khi lng phn t M
A
< 170. t chy hon ton 0,486g A thu c
405,2mL CO
2
v 0,27g H
2
O. A tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO
3
, vi Na trong mi trng hp
u sinh ra cht kh vi s mol ng bng s mol A dng. Xc nh CTCT ca A bit rng: A
+ 2NaOH(dd)
t
o
--- 2D + H
2
O. Phn t D c cha nhm metyl.
Bi 4
Khi cho bt iot mn vo HNO
3
m c, nng th gii phng ra NO
2
. Sau mt lc th phn ng
kt thc v kh ngng thot ra. Lm lnh dung dch thu c cht rn A mu trng kt ta. Khi
nung, A phn hu theo nhiu bc. Ti 200
o
C n loi nc (gim 5,11 % khi lng) cn li
cht rn kt tinh mu trng B. Nung tip B, B nng chy ng thi phn hu thnh n cht ti
khong 300
o
C. Kh nu tm thot ra s c ngng t khi lm lnh ng thi cng thot ra mt
kh khng mu gip cho s chy. Tinh th ngng t c khi lng bng 72,17 % cht A ban u.
Cht B c kh nng oxi ha CO ngay nhit phng. Phn ng gy s chuyn mu ca tinh
th t trng thnh tm v ng thi phn ng ny cng gip nhn bit CO.
Cht C c th c tng hp bng cch oxi ha mnh lit A vi cht oxi ha mnh (nh Cl
2
chng hn), A v C cha cng cc nguyn t nhng C b phn hu nhit thp hn (cc sn
phNm phn hu ging nhau). Khi lng nc bng 19,74% khi lng C ban u. Kh gip cho
s chy bng 24,56% khi lng C ban u. Xc nh A, B, C v vit cc phn ng xy ra.
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s 21
Bi 1
Mui n (NaCl) b ln cc tp cht l: Na
2
SO
4
, MgSO
4
, MgCl
2
, CaCl
2
, Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, CaSO
4
,
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. Hy trnh by phng php ha hc tch c NaCl tinh khit.
Bi 2
Hp cht Fe
x
O
y
kh ph bin trong t nhin, ha tan Fe
x
O
y
bng H
2
SO
4
long d thu c dung
dch A. Dung dch A c th lm mt mu nc Br
2
v dung dch KMnO
4
. Ngoi ra n cn co th
ha tan c Fe v Cu, tc dng c vi AgNO
3
.
a) Bin lun xc nh CTPT ca Fe
x
O
y
.
b) Vit cc phn ng xy ra.
Bi 3
t chy hon ton 4,44 g cht hu c X (cha C, H, O). Cho ton b sn phNm chy hp th
hon ton vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 11,16 g ng
thi thu c 18 g kt ta.
a) Xc nh cng thc thc nghim ca X v vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca X,
bit X l hp cht n chc.
b) Ly m
1
g cht X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng
thu c m
2
g cht rn khan. Bit m
2
< m
1
. Xc nh CTCT ng ca X.
Bi 4
Nh tt c chng ta bit, bc hon ton khng b oxi ha bi oxi khng kh m "b lu m bi
nc thuc v gi mn". Trong sut mt thi gian di, cc vt dng bng bc (a, trang
sc...) mt hn nh bc v c s hnh thnh mt hp cht X trn b mt. C kh nhiu cch
phc hi li nh bc cho nhng vt ny. V d nh:
- un vt dng cho n si trong dung dch soda v b un bng nhm.
- Cho vt phNm tc dng vi KSCN v NH
4
SCN trong vi pht.
- X l vi thioure trong s c mt ca h dung mi etanol - nc (c th thay th bng
HCl hoc H
3
PO
4
hay x phng bt).
Xc nh X v vit phn ng xy ra.
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s 22
Bi 1
Cho s phn ng sau:
C
4
H
6
O
2
(X
1
)
O
2
, xc tc
---------- C
4
H
6
O
4
(X
2
)
+ Y
1
H
2
SO
4
---------- C
7
H
12
O
4
(X
3
)
+ Y
2
H
2
SO
4
---------- C
10
H
18
O
4
(X
4
)
+ H
2
O
------ X
2
+ Y
1
+ Y
2
a) X
1
l mt anehit a chc mch thng v Y
2
l ru bc II. Vit cc phn ng.
b) Bng nhng phn ng no chng minh c X
1
va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh?
c) Bng phng php no nhn bit c Y
1
v Y
2
?
Bi 2
Ha tan ht 1,68 g hn hp A gm Ag v Cu trong 29,4 g dung dch H
2
SO
4
(/n) thu c kh
SO
2
v dung dch B. Cho SO
2
hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c 2,604 g kt ta.
a) Tnh C (%) H
2
SO
4
trong dung dch A, bit lng H
2
SO
4
phn ng vi hn hp ch
bng 10 % lng ban u.
b) Nu pha long
1
2
dung dch A bng nc ct ta thu c 2,4 L dung dch C, tnh pH dung
dch C (coi H
2
SO
4
in li hon ton).
Bi 3
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch Ag t AgNO
3
bng 4 phng php.
Bi 4
B sung v hon thnh s phn ng sau.
N
CH
3
O
A
N
CH
3
CH
3
I
B
AgOH
t
o
N
CH
3
H
3
C
C D
AgOH
t
o
Br
2
E
i) Et
2
NH
ii) AgOH, t
o
E
Ni(CO)
4
F
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s 23
Bi 1
Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c tng s ht (e, n, p) l 48, trong s ht mang in gp 2 ln s
ht khng mang in.
a) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t A. Xc nh v tr ca A trong bng h
thng tun hon.
b) Axit c cha nguyn t A (trong A c s oxi ha dng cao nht) c th tc dng
c vi Al
2
O
3
vi Fe
3
O
4
d nng c hay long. Vit phn ng phn ng.
Bi 2
a) T metan, cc cht v c c sn v cc iu kin phn ng cn thit, hy:
- Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch cao su PE (polyetilen).
- Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch cao su Buna.
- Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch etylaxetat.
- Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch thuc tr su 666.
b) Sp xp cc cht: CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO, HCOOH theo th t tng dn t
o
s
.
Bi 3
C mt kim loi M ha tr II. Ha tan m g M vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long va th thu c
0,672 L kh (54,6
o
C v 2atm) v mt dung dch X, chia dung dch X thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
a) Phn 1 cho tc dng vi NaOH d, ly kt ta nung cho n khi lng khng i th thu
c 0,8 g cht rn (hao ht khi nung l 20 %). Xc nh kim loi M v tnh m.
b) Phn 2 sau khi lm bay hi th thu c 6,15 g mui ngm nc. Tm cng thc phn t
ca mui ny.
Bi 4
Nm 1981, S. Itsuno v cc cng s ca ng l nhng ngi u tin bo co thc hin thnh
cng th nghim kh xeton tng ng khng c tnh quang hot thnh ancol bc hai quang hot
bng cch s dng hn hp i xng ca amino ancol v phc ca BH
3
trong THF vi mt hiu
sut rt cao. Vi nm sau , E.J.Corey ch ra c rng phn ng gia amino ancol v BH
3
trong THF dn ti s to thnh cc oxazaborolidin. Cht ny c tc dng xc tc chn lc lp th
v lm tng nhanh tc phn ng trong s c mt ca BH
3
trong THF. Phn ng kh tng hp
bt i chn lc xeton ny c gi l phn ng Corey - Bakishi - Shibata.
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CCl
3
O
N
B
O
O
BH
O
CCl
3
OH
T ancol quang hot trn, ngi ta thc hin mt chui phn ng nh sau:
CCl
3
OH
OH
-
A B C
NaN
3
i) H
2
O
ii) H
2
, Pd/C
Bit rng A c cng thc phn t l C
8
H
6
OCl
2
, C c cng thc phn t l C
8
H
9
NO
2
v B
c cu
hnh tuyt i ging A. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, C (ch ha lp th). Gii thch s
hnh thnh cc sn phNm B v C.
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s 24
Bi 1
un nng hn hp 2 ru u c CTPT C
4
H
10
O vi H
2
SO
4
c 180
o
C thu c 4 olefin. Xc
nh CTCT, tn ca hai ru v 4 olefin trn.
Bi 2
Cho hi nc qua than nng thu c 2,24 L hn hp kh A gm CO, H
2
v CO
2
. Cho A kh
vi 40,14 g PbO d nung nng (hiu sut 100 %) thu c hn hp kh B v hn hp cht rn C.
Ho tan C trong dung dch HNO
3
2M thu c 1,344 L kh NO v dung dch D. Kh B c hp
th ht bi dung dch nc vi trong to c 1,4 g kt ta E, lc tch kt ta v un nng nc
lc li thu c m g kt ta E. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi lng d K
2
SO
4
v Na
2
SO
4
to ra
kt ta trng G (Bit cc kh o iu kin tiu chuNn v phn ng to kt ta xy ra hon
ton).
a) Tnh phn trm th tch cc kh trong A.
b) Tnh th tch dung dch HNO
3
2M ti thiu ho tan C
c) Tnh khi lng m.
d) Tnh khi lng cht kt ta G.
Bi 3
Vit phng trnh phn ng (ghi r iu kin nu c) ca mt ru no n chc bc mt c cha
ba nguyn t cacbon
a) Tc dng vi HBr, Na, CuO.
b) un vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
o
C, un vi CH3COOH c mt H
2
SO
4
c.
Bi 4
Mt axit yu HA tn ti dng hn hp ca hai ng phn h bin S
1
v S
2
. Trong dung dch th
tn ti mt cn bng chuyn ha gia hai dng ny.
Dn xut hu c ca hai ng phn h bin ny c bit rt r. Di cc iu kin tiu
chuNn, ng phn S
1
chim 99,5%. Khi tng nhit th lng ng phn S
2
tng ln.
Dung dch nc ca HA (dung dch 1 c m
(HA)
= 1,730g v V
1
= 900mL) c trung ho t t
bng KOH. Trong dung dch ny th t l nng ca axit v mui
|axIt]
|muI]
= 0,1, trong khi pH
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s 25
Bi 1
Ba hp cht hu c X, Y, Z c cng cng thc C
3
H
7
O
2
N. Bit rng X c phn ng trng ngng
to ra polyme, phn ng c vi c HCl ln Ba(OH)
2
, mch khng nhnh. Y phn ng c
vi NaOH to ra mui v ancol, Z phn ng to ra mui v mt kh lm xanh giy qu Nm. Tn
X, Y, Z v vit phn ng.
Bi 2
Mt loi cha 80 % CaCO
3
, 10,2 % Al
2
O
3
v 9,8 % Fe
2
O
3
v khi lng. Nung nhit
cao th thu c cht rn c khi lng bng 78 % khi lng trc khi nung.
a) Tnh hiu sut phn hu canxi cacbonat.
b) Tnh % v khi lng CaO trong cht rn sau khi nung.
c) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M ho tan 10g cht rn sau khi nung.
Bi 3
Cation A
+
l cation ca mt mui hu c c 8 nguyn t thuc ba nguyn t. Trong A
+
c tng
s e l 18, A
+
c hai nguyn t lin tip nhau cng chu k. Hy tm cng thc A
+
v vit CTCT
ca phn t ANO
3
.
Bi 4
Hai in cc c cng tnh cht nh nhau. cng iu kin th n l cht lng. Sau khi nhng cc
in cc ny vo dung dch mun sunfat kim loi th ta nhn c mt pin Galvani. S phng
in ca pin sn ra mt in lng l 144 C. Tnh cht nh tnh ca dung dch v in cc th
khng c s thay i ng k no nhng khi lng ca in cc thay i mt lng l 48,8 mg.
a) Gii thch tnh cht ny ca t bo in ha. Tnh cht nh lng ca dung dch c thay
di khng?
b) Mui sunfat ang dng l mui g?
c) Nhn t no nh hng ti sc in ng ca t bo?
d) T bo in ha liu c hot ng c hay khng khi ta s dng dung dch Na
2
SO
4
lm
cht in ly? Gii thch. Hng s Faraday F = 96500 C.mol
-1
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s 26
Bi 1
Hp cht hu c A mch h cha cc nguyn t C, H, O. Trong A t l s nguyn t hiro v oxi
l
2
1
v t khi hi ca A i vi oxi l 2,25.
a) Xc nh CTCT c th c ca A.
b) Thy phn hon ton 3,96 g A (trong mi trng axit) c hn hp ca hai cht hu c
B v C. Cho hn hp ny tc dng vi lng d bc oxit trong amoniac thu c m gam
Ag. Tnh m.
Bi 2
Mt kim loi M c s khi bng 54, tng s ht l 78.
a) Xc nh v tr ca M trong bng h thng tun hon.
b) Vit phn ng khi cho M(NO
3
)
2
ln lt tc dng vi Cl
2
, Zn, dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, dung
dch AgNO
3
, dung dch HNO
3
long (to NO). T hy cho bit tnh cht ha hc c
bn ca ion M
2+
.
Bi 3
Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,025M cn cho vo 100mL dung dch gm HNO
3
v HCl c
pH = 1 thu c dung dch c pH = 2.
Bi 4
Hy v cu dng bn nht ca trans v cis-1,4 -imetylxiclohexan v hy cho bit cu dng no
bn hn. Gii thch.
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s 27
Bi 1
Hn hp A gm mt s cht hu c (C, H, O) lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng, tng KLPT
ca chng l 300. Hy xc nh CTPT v CTCT c th c ca tt c cc cht trn bit rng
chnh lch phn t lng ca cht c KLPT ln nht v b nht l 56 v.C v cc cht ny u
tc dng c vi Na gii phng hiro.
Bi 2
Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 10e thuc phn lp p. Thm n cht X hot ng phng x vo
dung dch cha ion XO
3
2-
thu c ion A hot ng phng x. Thm dung dch cha Ba
2+
th thu
c kt ta B. Lc kt ta B, sy kh ri x l vi dung dch axit HCl th thu c cht rn c
hot ng phng x, cht kh khng hot ng phng x v nc.
a) Vit cc phng trnh ion thu gn minh ha (k hiu X* cho X hot ng phng x).
b) Vit CTPT ion A v cho bit CTPT cc hp cht kh vi H, oxit bc cao nht, hiroxit
bc cao nht ca X.
Bi 3
xc nh hm lng kh c CO trong khng kh ca vng c l luyn cc ngi ta lm nh
sau. Ly 24,7 L khng kh (D = 1,2 g/L). Dn ton b kh i chm qua thit b c ng ng
mt lng d I
2
O
5
nung nng ti 150
o
C to hi iot v kh CO
2
. Hi iot c hp th ht trong
dung dch KI d to phc KI
3
. Lng KI
3
phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va 7,76
mL dung dch Na
2
S
2
O
3
0,0022 M. Vit tt c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh hm
lng CO trong mu khng kh theo s ppm CO, bit ppm l s microgam cht trong 1 g mu.
Bi 4
T resoxinol v phenol hy lp s tng hp vi y iu kin (khng cn vit phn ng),
iu ch flavanon. Bit flavanon c CTCT nh sau:
O HO
OH
OH
O
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s 28
Bi 1
Cho phc [Co(CN)
6
]
3-
vi momen t l 0 Manheton Bohr. Hy d on:
a) Cu hnh electron ca phc theo l thuyt trng tinh th
b) Kh nng phn ng v hng s bn ca phc.
Bi 2
Phn ng ca dung dch natri nitrat vi hn hng natri cng nh phn ng gia etyl nitrit vi
hiroxylamin trong s c mt ca EtONa u dn n cng mt sn phNm. Sn phNm ny l
mui ca mt axit yu khng bn ca nit. Xc nh axit ny v vit CTCT ca n. Bit rng
axit ny d b ng phn ho thnh mt cht c nhiu ng dng trong vic lm nhin liu Ny.
Vit CTCT ca cc cht cha bit.
Bi 3
Acquy ch c biu din nh sau: Pb(r)/ PbSO
4
(r)/ H
2
SO
4
(aq)/ PbSO
4
(r)/ PbO
2
(r)/ Pb(r)
Acquy liti c biu din nh sau: Li(r)/ Li
+
(trong cht in ly nng chy)/ Li
2
MnO
4
r)
Trong qu trnh phng in th Li
2
MnO
4
c hnh thnh. Np in th dn n s hnh thnh
Li(r) v Li
2
MnO
4
.
a) Vit phn ng xy ra cc cc ca acquy ch trong qu trnh phng in
b) Vit phn ng xy ra cc cc ca acquy liti trong qu trnh phng in
c) Cho bit s phi tr ca ion liti v mangan trong cu trc spinel ca Li
2
MnO
4
.
d) Mt xe hi gia nh kiu mu c khi lng 1000 kg cn 5 kWh in nng c th i
c 50 km, iu ny ng vi 5,0 L (3,78 kg) xng. Chic xe ny c th tch bnh xng l
50 L. Khi lng bnh xng l 10 kg. Nng sut t chy nhin liu l 10 km/L. Tnh
khi lng d ra ca xe khi thay bnh xng bng:
- acquy liti
- acquy ch
Gi thit rng s tiu tn nng lng trong cc trng hp l nh nhau.
Bi 4
2,81 g mt ieste quang hot A, ch cha C, H v O c x phng ha vi vi 30,00 mL dung
dch NaOH 1,00 M. Sau qu trnh x phng ha, dung dch cn 6,00 mL dung dch HCl 1,00 M
ch chuNn NaOH cha phn ng. Sn phNm x phng ha gm mt axit icacboxylic
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Ha hc offline ln th Hai
s 1
Bi 1
Mt terpen thng gp trong thin nhin c tng hp theo s sau:
4-metylpentan-1,4-iol dn xut ibromua bromanken Grignard G
Cho cht G phn ng vi sn phNm sinh ra khi cho isopren phn ng vi but-3-en-2-on s thu
c cht cn tng hp.
a) Hon thnh chuyn ha trn bng cch xc nh cc cng thc cu to tng ng.
b) Cho bit tn thng thng v ng dng ca sn phNm.
Bi 2
Hirocacbon A l mt cht rn c tnh do, n hi (11,76 % H theo khi lng) c trong m
cy cao su. Ozon phn A cho C
16
H
16
O
6
, khi cho mt mol cht ny vo nc nng thu c 2 mol
anehit levulinic HOC(CH
2
)
2
COCH
3
.
Hirocacbon B (11,11 % H theo khi lng) l cht tng hp u tin c thnh phn ging A
nhng khng c tnh do v tnh n hi ging nh A. B c to thnh khi un nng
hirocacbon C c mt natri, C c thnh phn nh tnh ging B.
a) Cho bit CTCT ca A, B, C
b) S vng mt ca axetylaxeton trong sn phNm ca chng chng t A c c trng g?
Bi 3
Phc ca platin {Pt(CH
3
NH
2
)(NH
3
)[CH
2
(COO)
2
]} l thuc chng ung th mi c hiu qu cao,
li t c v t c phn ng ph. Qu trnh tng hp thuc l:
K
2
PtCl
4
I
---- A (dung dch nu)
II
---- B (tinh th vng)
III
----- C(cht rn mu )
C
IV
----- D (tinh th vng kim)
V
----- E (tinh th vng nht)
Phn ng I l thm KI d 70
o
C.
Phn ng II l cho A tc dng vi CH
3
NH
2
theo t l mol A vi CH
3
NH
2
l
1
2
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s 2
Bi 1
Guaiol (C
15
H
26
O) l mt ancol rn trng thi tinh th c cu trc terpen. Ancol ny c phn
lp t tinh du cy g Bulnesia, mt loi cy c th tm thy khu vc bin gii Argentina -
Bolivia - Paraguay. Khi ehirat ha guaiol bng lu hunh th thu c mt hirocacbon thm
mu xanh da tri khng cha vng benzen X (C
15
H
18
). Khi ha tan hirocacbon thm ny vo
axit sunfuric c th mu xanh bin mt. Cho nc vo dung dch ny th X c phc hi
nguyn dng. Rt kh hiro ha guaiol bng hiro c xc tc. Qua mt lot cc chuyn ha
di y ta nhn c mt dn xut ca naphtalen (A l sn phNm duy nht ca qu trnh ozon
phn).
Guaiol
O
3
A (C
15
H
26
O
3
)
- 2H
2
O
B
Pd - C
OH
a) Xc nh cu trc ca guaiol v X nu bit trong phn t guaiol th nhm hiroxyl gn
vi nguyn t cacbon bc ba exocyclic ca h vng.
b) Gii thch mu xanh da tri ca X v nu l do n b mt mu trong dung dch axit
sunfuric c.
c) Xc nh CTCT A, B v gii thch s to thnh A.
d) C bao nhiu mnh isopren trong cht X.
Bi 2
Cc cacbohirat t nhin u c tng hp quang ha trong cy xanh. Tuy nhin cc
cacbohirat khng c trong t nhin c th c tng hp bng con ng nhn to. S di
y l s tng hp L-riboz.
O
+
CO
2
Me
CO
2
Me
100
o
C
A
OsO
4
B
Me
2
C(OMe)
2
H
+
, CH
3
COCH
3
C
O
3
D
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O
O
O
CO
2
Me
O
MeO
2
C
MCPBA
E
1) MeOH/H
+
2) LiAlH
4
3) H
2
O
H
H
3
O
+
O
HO
OH
HO
CH
2
OH
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Bi 5
Cho phn ng: 2NO
(k)
+ O
2
2NO
2(k)
v = k[NO]
2
[O
2
]
Vi phn ng ny c hai gi thit:
a) Phn ng n gin.
b) Phn ng c c ch sau:
2NO
(k)
. N
2
O
2(k)
(1)
N
2
O
2(k)
+ O
2(k)
2NO
2
(2)
Thc nghim xc nh rng khi nhit tng th tc phn ng gim. Hi c ch no trong hai
c ch ny ph hp vi thc nghim?
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s 3
Bi 1
S tng hp di y l s tng hp mt hydrocacbon m b khung ca n xut hin rt
nhiu trong cc hp cht thin nhin c cu trc terpen.
N
+
Cl
NO
2
NO
2
A
2 Me
2
NH
B
C
(C
12
H
15
N)
t
o
D
(C
10
H
8
) MeONa
a) Xc nh CTCT cc cht t A n D.
b) ngh c ch phn ng chuyn B thnh C.
Bi 2
Khi kho st cu to ca mt hp cht X (C
14
H
18
N
2
) c hai nhm imetylamino bng phng
php ph cng hng t ht nhn th ngoi cc proton ca nhm metyl ngi ta ch thu c ba
tn hiu proton ca vng thm. Cht X ny c mt tnh cht ht sc c bit l n c th
eproton ha phenol mt cch hon ton nhit thng nhng khng h tng tc vi
initrometan mc d cht ny c tnh axit cao hn phenol.
a) Xc nh CTCT X.
b) Gii thch tnh cht k l ca X.
Bi 3
Dung dch kali pemanganat c chuNn ha bng dung dch natri oxalat. Ha tan 0,1702 gam
natri oxalat tinh khit vo nc ri chuNn bng kali pemanganat n im tng ng thy
tn ht 26,70 mL KMnO
4
.
a) Vit phn ng xy ra v xc nh nng ion pemanganat.
b) Ha tan 0,2250g hn hp st v st (III) oxit vo axit ri x l dung dch thu c bng
SO
2
bo ha trong nc. Lng d SO
2
b loi i bng cch thm axit vo v un si.
Khi tin hnh chuNn dung dch ny th thy tn ht 37,50 mL dung dch chuNn ha
trn. Vit tt c cc phn ng xy ra v tnh % hm lng cc cht trong hn hp u
c) Ha tan hon ton 0,200g mt mu thp cha ~10% niken v ~70% st vo axit ri pha
long n 200 mL th st s kt ta dng st (III) hiroxit, nung kt ta n khi lng
khng i. Tnh khong pH m s kt ta st (III) hiroxit xy ra hon ton nh
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s 4
Bi 1
ng v phng x
210
Bi l ht nhn con ca
210
Pb v n chu s phn r to thnh
210
Po cng
l mt ng v phng x.
210
Po chu s phn r to ng v bn
206
Pb. Ton b qu trnh ny
c biu din nh sau:
Pb
201
------------------
T1
2
= 22, S nm
Bi
210
------------------
T1
2
= S,u1 ngy
Bi
210
u
------------------
T1
2
= 1S8,4 ngy
Pb
206
Mt mu ng v
210
Bi tinh khit phng x c phn lp t
210
Pb v c yn lm tng
dn lng
210
Po. Hot tnh phng x ca mu
210
Bi tinh khit l 100 Ci.
(1Ci = 3,7.10
10
phn r/s )
a) Khi lng ban u ca mu
210
Bi l bao nhiu?
b) Tnh thi gian lng
210
Po trong mu t n gi tr cc i v cho bit gi tr ny l
bao nhiu?
c) Xc nh tc phn r ca
210
Po v phn r ca
210
Bi vo thi im .
Bi 2
Gin pha l mt phng php thun tin xc nh trng thi ca mt cht iu kin nhit
v p sut xc nh. Hy da vo gin pha ca nc cho di tr li cc cu hi sau:
a) Pha no ng vi cc im A, B v C?
b) Ti sao bng khng chm trong nc
lng?
c) Mt bnh thu tinh c cha t nc bn
trong. Ni bnh thu tinh ny vi bm
chn khng. Hy cho bit chuyn g
xy ra khi bm chn khng bt u
hot ng?
d) Mt ngi n ng ang trt tuyt
khi p sut khng kh l 1atm v nhit
l 0
o
C. Bin i no s xy ra b
mt tip xc gia vn trt v lp
bng? Cho rng bng khng b v di
sc nng ca ngi n ng.
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Bi 3
Cho rng khi cn bng c thit lp sau khi bo ha dung dch FeCl
2
0,010 M bng H
2
S khi sc
lin tc kh H
2
S qua dung dch. Nh vy ha tan c nhiu FeS hn th ta nn tng hay gim
pH? Nu tng pH ln mt n v th chuyn g s xy ra i vi nng ion Fe
2+
.
Bit cc gi tr sau y o c 25
o
C: K
sp
(FeS) = 8,0.10
-19
, K
1
(H
2
S) = 9,5.10
-8
, K
2
(H
2
S) =
1,3.10
-14
, K
w
= 1.10
-14
Bi 4
Hy gii thch kt qa thc nghim sau y
Et
O
LDA
THF, -78
o
C
Et
OLi
Et
OLi
Me
Me
+
77% (E) 23% (Z)
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s 5
Bi 1
Gin sau y biu din ng cong th nng ca phn t H
2
v cation H
2
+
.
Nng lng
(kJ/mol)
r
H H
()
S dng nhng thng tin c cung cp trn gin , cho bit cu tr li bng cc s liu vi
n v ph hp cho cc cu hi sau:
a) di lin kt ti trng thi cn bng ca H
2
v H
2
+
bng bao nhiu?
b) Nng lng lin kt ca H
2
v H
2
+
bng bao nhiu?
c) Nng lng ion ha ca phn t H
2
bng bao nhiu?
d) Nng lng ion ha ca nguyn t H bng bao nhiu?
e) Nu chng ta dng bc x in t c tn s 3,9 10
15
Hz ion ha H
2
, tc ca
electron tch ra s bng bao nhiu? (b qua nng lng dao ng phn t).
Bi 2
Mt ci hm xung t c c m crom. Ci hm xung ny c nhng vo dung dch K
2
Cr
2
O
7
trong mi trng axit ng vai tr catot trong mt t bo in phn (M
Cr
= 51,996 v F =
96485 C)
a) Cho bit anot xy ra qu trnh oxy ha nc. Vit phn ng in cc v phn ng in
phn.
b) Khi c 52,0 g crom kt ta in cc th s mol oxy thot ra l bao nhiu?
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Bi 4
Hon chnh cc chuyn ha sau:
a)
b) xiclooctatetraen + anhydrit maleic
t
o
--- G
hv
---- H
H
3
O
+
------- I
Pb(OAc)
4
,t
o
-CO
2
----------------- K
Bi 5
Cho bit cc tc nhn cn thit trong chuyn ha sau:
N
CO
2
CH
3
COOH
N
COOH
OH
N
Cl
Cl
O
N
CN
OCH
3
O
N
CN
OCH
3
O
N
CN
I
O
O
N
CN
O
O
N
CN
NH
2
O
HO
N
CO
NH
O
HO