Bi 15 .

MI GHP BNG INH TN

Muc tiu: - M t, phn loi c kt cu mi ghp v cc loi inh tn.

- Phn tch c iu kin lm vic, cc h hng v cch tnh ton, thit k cho mi ghp bng inh tn.

I . Khi nim chung Mi ghp bng inh tn l mi ghp c nh khng th tho c dng ghp khung dn cu, dn cu trc, ni hi, bng ti v.v

d0

Hnh 15.1

1. Cu to cc loi inh tn inh tn l mt thanh hnh tr, mt u c m lm sn, m th hai c to thnh bng cch tn sau khi lp.

inh tn rng

Hnh 15.2

inh tn n

Theo TCVN 281-68 290-68 inh tn c nhiu loi: inh tn m chm cu; m na chm; m cn; m bng (hnh 15-2). Cc kch thc c bn ca inh tn u c tiu chun ha (bng 1-2 GTCTM). to thnh m th hai cn phi tn inh, c th tn bng tay hoc bng my, tn nng hoc tn ngui. Tn ngui ch dng khi ng knh nh: 8 d 10mm; hoc tn bng kim loi mu. Tn nng khi ng knh inh ln, tn nng cht lng mi ghp tt hn, bo m c kn. Ngoi cc loi inh tn trn, cn dng cc loi inh tn c bit tn kim loi vo da, vi v.v (hnh 15.2). TN&TC_NLCTM - 62 -

Quan h gia cc kch thc ca inh tn: D = (1,6 1,65)d h = (0,6 0,65)d R = (0,85 1)d l = + l1 , vi l1 = (1,5 1,7)d d0 = d + (0,5 1)mm vi _ la chiu day tm ghep (mm) d _ la ng kinh thn inh (mm), hinh 15.1 Vt liu ch to inh tn phi do d tn, ng thi khng b ti cng v gim bn khi b t nng. Thng c ch to bng thp t cacbon nh CT31, CT34, thp 10, 15 v.v Trng hp c bit th dng inh tn bng ng, nhm hay ng thau v.v Thng thng vt liu tm ghp c chn cng vt liu ch to inh co dn ca inh v tm ghp nh nhau. Khi ghp inh vo tm ta phi gia cng l inh. L inh c th gia cng bng khoan, t. Ty theo vt liu ch to inh, tm ghp, phng php gia cng l v tnh cht ca ti trng m ta c ng sut cho php ca inh v tm (bng 1-2 GTCTM). 2. Phn loi cc mi ghp inh tn a. Theo iu kin lm vic - Mi ghp chc: yu cu ch yu ca mi ghp l phi bn. V d nh inh tn ghp dn cu, inh tn ghp dn cu trc v.v - Mi ghp chc kn: yu cu ch yu ca mi ghp l phi bn v kn. V d nh inh tn ghp ni hi, thng cha cht lng, cht kh v.v b. Theo kt cu - Mi ghp chng (hnh 15-3) - Mi ghp gip ni c mt tm m (hnh 15-4c) - Mi ghp gip ni c 2 tm m (hnh 15-4a, b)

a)

b) Hnh 15.3 TN&TC_NLCTM - 63 -

1= 2/3

1= 2/3

a)

t1

b)

t1

c)

t1

Hnh 15.4 c. Theo v tr cc hng inh Mi ghp mt hng inh (hnh 15-3a), mi ghp nhiu hng inh song song hoc so le (hnh 15-4, 15-3b). 3. u nhc im v phm vi s dng a. u im - Mi ghep inh tan chc chn, d kim tra cht lng, it lam hong cac chi tit may c ghep khi cn thao ri (so vi ghep bng han). b. Nhc im - Tn kim loai, gia thanh cao, hinh dang va kich thc cng knh. c. Pham vi s dung Ngay nay, do s phat trin mnh cua cng ngh han, pham vi s dung cua inh tan dn dn bi thu hep.

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Tuy nhin, ghep inh tan vn con c dung ph bin trong cac trng hp: - Nhng mi ghep c bit quan trong va nhng mi ghep trc tip chiu tai trong chn ng hoc va p (nh cu, dan cn truc trn 200 tn v.v...) - Nhng mi ghep khi t nong se bi vnh hoc giam cht lung (do o khng han c). - Nhng mi ghep bng cac vt liu cha th han c. II . Tnh ton mi ghp bng inh tn hnh thnh mt mi ghp inh tn, inh c th c tn nng hoc tn ngui. 1. Tn nng Dng tn cc inh c d >10mm. Khi tn, inh c nung nng n mu ti (1000 11000C ) khi ngui inh s co li theo chiu dc v ngang. - inh co li theo chiu dc, gy nn lc sit cht cc tm li vi nhau, to nn lc ma st (Fms) gia cc tm ghp. - inh co theo chiu ngang to thnh khe h gia inh v l. Thng thng mi ghp bng inh tn chu ti trng ngang P (hnh 15.5a), lm cho cc tm ghp c xu hng trt ln nhau. Nu P < Fms cc tm khng trt ln nhau, mi ghp bo m chc v kn. Nu P > Fms cc tm trt i vi nhau mt khong bng khe h gia l v thn inh. Lc ny thn inh b ct v dp (hnh 15.5a) 2. Tn ngui Gia thn inh v l inh khng c khe h, nn ngay t u khi ti trng P tc dng, inh lm vic ngay truyn ti t tm ny sang tm khc. Lc ma st gia cc tm ph thuc vo nhiu yu t: s co ca thn inh, vt liu, cht lng b mt tm ghp v.v Nhng yu t ny kh xc nh, v vy khi tnh mi ghp chc thng b qua nh hng ca lc ma st gia cc tm m tnh mi ghp theo iu kin bn. Cn c vo iu kin bn tnh kch thc ca cc phn t trong mi ghp. Nh vy, kch thc cc phn t trong mi ghp s ln hn mt t so vi trng hp c k n nh hng ca lc ma st. 3. Nhng h hng ca mi ghp inh tn - i vi inh: thn b ct t, b mt tip xc gia thn inh v l tm ghp b dp (hnh 15.5a) P P

P
a)

1 2

1 2 P

a Hnh 15.5

b)

- i vi tm: Tm b ko t ti mt ct c khot l inh (a-a). - Mp bin tm ghp b ct theo cc mt 1-1, 2-2 (hnh 15.5b) TN&TC_NLCTM - 65 -

4. Tnh ton mi ghp chc Gi thit ti trng P tc dng ln mi ghp phn b u trn tit din ngang v ng sut phn b u trn b mt tip xc, b qua lc ma st gia cc tm. a. Mi ghp chng c mt hng inh (hnh 15.5b) Gi P l lc tc dng ln ton b mi ghp, n l s inh tn trong mi ghp, P vy lc tc dng ln mi inh l . Mun cho mi ghp lm vic an ton, cn m n bo cc iu kin sau: * i vi inh P .d 2 n 4 [ ]c + iu kin bn ct: c = + iu kin bn dp gia thn inh v l: d = * i vi tm ghp + iu kin bn ko: kt = P [] kt (b n.d ) (15-3) (15-4)
P [ ] d n.d .

(15-1)

(15-2)

P + iu kin bn ct: c = 2n .t [ ] ct 2 Trong : n _ s inh tn

d _ ng knh ca inh sau khi tn (khi tnh ly bng ng knh thn inh) (mm) b _ rng tm ghp (mm) _ b dy tm ghp (mm) t2 _ khong cch t mp tm n ng tm l inh (mm) [ ]c , [ ] d , [ ]ct , [ ] kt _ ng sut cho php ca vt liu ch to inh, tm ghp (N/mm2) (bng 1-2 GTCTM) b. Mi ghp nhiu hng inh Nghin cu mi ghp gip ni c hai tm m (hnh 15.6). iu kin bn ca mi ghp ny cng ging nh mi ghp chng mt hng inh, nhng c im khc P l mi inh chu ct hai mt ct, lc gy ct mi inh (n _ s inh mt bn n tm chnh), bin ca tm t b ct. Cc mt ct khc nhau ca tm chu lc ko khc nhau. + Lc ko mt ct (1-1) : Pk1 = P + Lc ko mt ct (2-2) : Pk2 = P 2P 7P = 9 9

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+ Lc ko mt ct (3-3) : Pk3 = P -

5P 4P = 9 9

1= 2/3

t2

t1

Hnh 15.6 c. Trnh t tnh ton, thit k mi ghp chc: c hai trng hp 1. i vi mi ghp c sn, kim tra an ton cho mi ghp hoc xc nh ti trng P tc dng vo mi ghp theo cc cng thc (15-1), (15-2), (15-3), (15-4). 2. Thit k mi ghp, tin hnh theo trnh t + Bc 1: chn vt liu v ng sut cho php theo bng 1-2 . + Bc 2: s b xc nh cc thng s ca mi ghp theo bng 1-3 . + Bc 3: Tnh s inh cn thit cho mi ghp t cng thc (15-1) v d nh sp xp inh theo phng n ti u theo bng 1-3, chn cc kch thc t, t1 v t2 (yu cu mi ghp m bo an ton, kch thc mi ghp gn nh). + Bc 4: kim tra iu kin bn (ch yu v bn ko tm v kt lun). d. V d tnh ton Kim tra an toan cho mi ghep bng inh tan (hinh ve). Bit inh va tm ghep u ch tao bng thep CT3. L gia cng bng phng phap khoan. ng kinh inh tan d = 20mm.
= 12mm

P =320KN

b =260mm

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5. Tnh ton mi ghp chc kn Mi ghp chc kn thng c dng nhiu trong cc ni hi nn kt cu mi ghp phi m bo c bn v kn. Tnh ton mi ghp sao cho cc tm ghp khng b di chuyn tng i vi nhau. Nh vy, ti trng tc dng phi nh hn lc ma st sinh ra gia cc tm ghp. Sau khi tnh ton m bo bn, ngi ta tnh gii hn cn trt ca mi ghp bng cng thc thc nghim: F1 = d 2 [] 4 (MPa) (15-5)

F1 _ lc do mt inh tn chu (MN) d _ ng knh inh tn (mm) [] _ gii hn cn trt cho php (tra bng, s tay)

CU HOI N TP
1. Trinh bay kt cu chnh mi ghp bng inh tn v cc loi inh tn thng dng. 2. Trinh bay cc loi kt cu mi ghp inh tn thng dng. u nhc im v phm vi s dng ca mi ghp bng inh tn. 3. Phn tch iu kin lm vic, cc dng hng ca mi ghp bng inh tn. 4. Trnh by cch tnh ton mi ghp chc v mi ghp chc kn bng inh tn./

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