MN: PUBLIC SPEAKING

1. Give/ present all fundamentals of public speaking ( basic, knowledge and rule) Public speaking is not only sustained presentation made by one speaker to an audience, but is by natural also an audience - centered activity. Moreover/ In addition public speaking is the process of speaking to a group of individuals, each with a unique point of view. According to Steven A. Beebe and Susan J. Beebe, the authors of the book PUBLIC SPEAKING: An Audience - Centered Approach, published by Prentice Hall, NJ, the USA, public speaking differs from casual conversation with a friend or an animated discussion among members of a speech class thanks to its distinctive characteristics as follows. - First, Public speaking is the more intentional than any of other levels of communication: intrapersonal, interpersonal and group communication. Usually the result of forethought and planning rather than a spontaneous event. - Second, Public speaking is also more formal than the other levels of communication inter of language (both of spoken and written) and nonverbal communication. Regarding language, the slang or casual language often usual at the interpersonal or group level is not appropriate in a public speaking. In addition, not only is the language of public speakers is relatively formal, but so is their nonverbal communication while all delivery the speeches. Public speakers also use gestures and movements that are carefully orchestrated to ads meanings or emphasis to their spoken messages. Public speakers shouldnt gestures spontaneously and sometimes excessively, and move about restlessly. - Thirst, in public speaking the roles of speakers and listeners are clearly, defined and remain stable. Rarely do audience members interrupt or even talk to speakers. Even when speakers field questions, they finish their planned remarks first, and then receiver any responses from the audiences. Finally successful speakers however, must be audience- centered, considering the needs,

expectations, and responses of their audiences as they prepare and deliver their speeches and later all. Why is audience analysis central to speechmaking process in public speaking setting? The simple truth is the audience influences the topic selected and every later step of the public speaking process. Why is it not topic selection, outlining, or research? Audience analysis is in the center because it is an activity that touches every phase of the speech preparation and delivery process. Also, the reason to analyze the audience is to learn how the listener will respond to ones message. In addition, audience analysis is not something one does only once before beginning the other speech preparation tasks. Actually the audience analysis is an ongoing activity, suggested by the method audience- centered public speaking means that at any point during the process, one may need to revise that have already been performed. In other word, the needs, attitudes, beliefs, values, and the other characteristics of the audience play a leading role in helping public speaker prepare and present their message. In public speaking, the receiver is the audience and the audience is the reason for a speech event. Consciousness of the audience will be important as a selects a topic, determine the speech purpose, develop your central ideal, write a preliminary outline, choose supporting material, firm up the organization, rehearse, and deliver the speech. Finally, audience analysis is the process of examining information about the expected listener to a speech. 2. Name all the national / public holidays in VIETNAM ( 6 names of 9 public holidays) 1. New Years Day ( the first of January)1/1 2. Vietnamese Lunar New Yea ( TET holidays) 3. Vietnamese Ancestor King Hungs Death Anniversary (10/3) 4. Southern Vietnams Liberation Day ( the thirtieth of April 30/4)
5. May Day (( International Labor Day) the first of May 1/5)

6. Vietnamese National Day (the second of September 02/9)

3. Meaning of the National Anthem of Vietnam (The Song of Vietnamese Advancing Soldiers). The national anthem of Vietnam is The Song of Vietnamese Advancing Soldiers. It praises the patriotism and battle hardened morale of Vietnam people and also encourages not only Vietnamese soldiers but also their who nation to voluntarily participate in the course of Vietnamese liberation, Vietnamese sovereignty over their of triumphantly (victoriously) to the victory on the thirty of April, 1975. 4. Meaning of the National Day of Vietnam. On the second of September, 1945 at Ba Dinh Square in Ha Noi capital city of Vietnam, president Ho Chi Minh issued the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence to found the Democratic Republic of Vietnam as result of the victorious Vietnamese Revolution of August 1945 whereby Vietnamese people gained back their independence from Frech colonial). 5. Defining of English, Literature, Linguistic and Buddhism.
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English: English is the language, originally of England, now the first and national languages of the USA, the UK and Australia. Literature : Literature means pieces of writing or writings that are valued as work of art, especially novels, plays, and poems in contract to technical books and new papers and magazinesetc).

Linguistic : Linguistic means the scientific study of language or a particular languages. Buddhism : Buddhism is an Asian religion base on the teaching of Siddihartha Gautama ( or Buddha)

6. What shall be the most important legal instrument of a political system of a nation? Constitution (hien phap): set of laws and principles according to which a country is government. Or a system of laws and basic principles that are state, a country or an organization is governed by : - Your right to vote under constitution - According to the constitution
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To propose a new amendment to the constitution the South African constitution A two-thirds majority is needed to amend the clubs constitution.

7. Vietnams geography : Vietnam is an S- shaped country located in South East Asia on the Indochina Peninsula ( Ban dao Dong Duong) on the World map. VIETNAM borders China to the North, Laos, Cambodia to the west; Gulf of Tonkin ( Vinh bac bo) to the north-east; East Sea to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the South. Vietnam is divided 3 main regions: Northern Vietnam, Central Vietnam and Southern VIETNAM. Phu Quoc is an island district. Vietnam has reserved the sovereignty over two archipelagos (Quan dao) of Paracels (Hoang Sa) and Spratlys (Truong Sa) in the East Sea. The national flag of VIETNAM has five pointed golden star in the center of a rectangular red background with its length in line with the horizontal. 8. The Vietnam War Like the KOREAN War, the VIETNAM War was a result of US policy during the Cold War, a period when Americans believed that Communism, the political system in the Soviet Union and China, was a threat to their security and power. VIETNAM, a colony of the France, wanted to become independent, but the US believed that Communists were behind the independence movement, and so opposed it. The US become involved in Vietnam only gradually. At first, under President Eisenhower, it provided the French with supplies. In 1954 the Geneva Accords divided Vietnam into the Communist North and the anti- Communist South. Under President Kennedy, in the early 1960s, many US soldiers were sent to the South as adviser. In 1964, after an attack on US ships, Congress passed the Gulf of Tokin Resolution which gave President Johnson greater powers to fight a war, and in the spring of 1965 Marines were sent to the South Vietnam. It was easy to keep the Communist forces, called the national Liberation Front or the Viet Cong, out of South Vietnam, but much harder to defeat them. The US used bombs against the Vietnamese troops, and chemicals to destroy crops, which had a terrible effect on the people as well as on the land. There were also reports of atrocities (= acts of extreme violence and cruelty) committed by both sides. In 1968 the My Lai massacre, in which over 300 civilians were skilled by US soldiers, shocked Americans at home. Many US soldiers

were not sure why they were fighting the war and become traumatized (= mentally disturbed) by the violence around them. Discipline became a problem, and the use of drug was common. Soldiers were accused of the committing acts of violence against each other and against Vietnamese civilians. In 1968 the Viet Cong started a major attack know at the TET offensive, and the US position in South Vietnam was threatened. As the war escalated (= became more intense) it lose support at home and also in other countries. When Richard Nixon became president he at the first tried to attack hard and force the Viet Cong to come to and agreement. The war then spread to Vietnams neighbour, Cambodia. Finally, in 1972, Nixon sent Henry Kissinger to negotiate a ceasefire, and afterwards the US was no longer directly involved in the war, though it continued to provide supplies. In 1975 the government of the South Vietnam fell and the country was taken over by the Communist force. The Vietnam War dived US society. Opposition to it wad led mainly by university students, many of whom were young men facing the draft (= compulsory service in the armed forces). They said they should not be forced to fight a war that they believed was wrong. As a protest, many burned their draft cards. Some become draft dodgers by remaining students as long as possible, or by going to Canada. Others took their case to court on the grounds that they were conscientious objectors and hard moral or religious reasons for not fighting a war. These protests resulted in violent conflicts between police and students. In the summer of 1968, during a protest in Chicago, people saw on TV the violent way in which the police behaved. In 1970 during another protest, the National Guard shot and killed four American students at Kent State University in Ohio. After this, many of silent majority, people whom Nixon thought supported the government policy and the reasons for US involvement in the war. But other continued to accuse the students of being unpatriotic. When Vietnam veterans returned home they found that, instead of receiving the respect normally given to war veterans, they were the object of public anger. They had to cope with this in addition to the mental stress caused by the violence they had seen and taken part in. in the years since the war, films such as the Deer Hunter (1978), Born on the Fourth of July (1989) and Good morning Vietnam (1987) have shown the war from different angles and helped Americans understand and come to terms with their anger and hurt.

The war Vietnam taught the US that there are limits to its military strength, and showed that the American people were not willing to pay the high cost money and lives for a war away from home. The strong desire to avoid another Vietnam played an important role in deciding US foreign policy in the years that followed. 9. The highest bodies in power in power in Vietnam at present ( posts and names) We have 4 bodies :
1- The communist party of Vietnam (CSVN ) 2- Legislative body 3- Excutive bodies 4- Judiciary body

(C quan lp php ) (C quan hnh php) (C quan t php)

10. The highest bodies in power in power in Vietnam at present ( posts and names)

We have 4 people : 1 The president of Vietnam (Ch tch Nc) : 2 Prime Minister 3 General secretary (Th Tng) (Tng B th ng) : : Trng Tn Sang Nguyn Tn Dng Nguyn Ph Trng Nguyn Sinh Hng

4 - Chairman National Assembly ( Ch tch Quc Hi) : audience.

11, One of the key challenges of a public speaker is to capture and hold the attention of the