I HC HU

TRNG I HC KHOA HC HU
KHOA HO
------- -------

Tiu lun ho phc cht

GIM CNG CA NC BNG EDTA

Sinh vin thc hin:Nguyn Quang Tun

Gio vin hng dn:TS.Trn Ngc Tuyn
Hu,4/2012

MC LC
1. cng ca nc trong t nhin: ...................................................................... 2
2.Gim cng ca nc bng EDTA:................................................................. 3
2.1.EDTA: .............................................................................................................. 3
2.2.Phng php chun EDTA bng ch th EBT: ........................................... 4
2.3.Cch th nghim phng php trong phng th nghim: ................................ 7
2.4 .Th nghim trong cng nghip: ...................................................................... 9
3.u im v nhc im: .................................................................................... 10
3.1.u im:......................................................................................................... 10
3.2.Nhc im: ................................................................................................... 10
3.3.M rng hng x l: .................................................................................... 10
4.Ti liu tham kho: ............................................................................................. 11

1. cng ca nc trong t nhin:

Trong t nhin c rt nhiu ngun nc c cng thp, v d :nh nc
ma - cng ca nc ma gn nh bng 0. Ngoi ra, cng ca nc sng, v
phn ln ao h ng bng cng rt thp v ngun nc ca chng l nc ma
(c l cng l nguyn nhn lm cho phn ln sinh vt thy sinh km thch nghi
vi nc cng). Ngc li sui v ao h nhng vng ni vi li c cng
kh

cao.

Hu

nh

tt

nc

ngm u

cng

rt

cao.

Nc my c cng tm thi t 250-320 ppm, tc l 5-6,4 mgdl/l hay 14-18 dH

Nc ging khoan (cha x l) c cng tm thi t 250-450 ppm, , tc l 5-9
mgdl/l hay 14-25 dH
cng c quyt nh bi hm lng cht khong haog tan trong nc,
ch yu la cc ion Ca,Mg,ngoi ra cn c cc ion ca Sr,Mn,Fe,Ba.Trong nc
sng cc ion nay tn ti dng bicarbonat.
Tc hi ca nc cng:to ra cn lng trong thit b un nng,ng dn d
gy n thit b,tng lng in tiu th,lm gim hiu qu ty ra.i vi sc kho
con ngi,nc cng s gy hi cho sc kho qua n ung,qua ng tiu ho to
ra cc bnh si mt,si thn ,si bng quang,gy bu c,nh hng n men
rng.Tiu chun s dng nc sinh hot va n ung cho php cng n
300mg/L nhng ch cn nc c cng khong 100mg/L th c th c hin tng
cn trng khi un si,pha tr s sm mu.
Qua nhng tc hi nu trn ta cn phi c phng php lm mm nc cng.
Mt trong l s dng EDTA gim cng ca nc

2.Gim cng ca nc bng EDTA:

2.1.EDTA:
EDTA c cng thc vn tt l H4Y nm chung trong mt nhm cc hp cht
c cha nhm amino-dicarboxylic ,gi l mt complexon.N c kh nng to phc
bn vi nhiu ion kim loi c t l 1:1.Trong phn t EDTA c 4 nhm carboxyl v
2 nhm amin,c th to ra 6 ni ho tr vi mt ion kim loi
Cng thc:

Trng lng phn t:236

Dng bt trng ,khng mi,t tan trong nc
-EDTA thng thy 2 dng mui:
EDTA.2Na Disodium ethylen diamin tetraaxetate:

Trng lng phn t:280

Dng bt trng,khng mi,tan trong nc
EDTA.4Na Tetrasodium ethylene diamin tetraaxetate:

Trng lng phn t:324

3

 Dng bt trng,ht m,tan tt trong nc

2.2.Phng php chun EDTA bng ch th EBT:
Nguyn tc
Axit Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic (EDTA) v mui ca n to phc cng vi
mt s ion kim loi. Nu cho mt lng nh ch th EBT vo dung dch c cc ion
canxi v magi v iu chnh pH = 100.1 dung dch s c mu ru. Khi dng
dung dch EDTA chun th canxi v magi s to phc vi EDTA. Khi cc
cation trong dung dch to phc ht th dung dch s chuyn sang mu xanh, lc
cng l lc t im tng ng v kt thc qu trnh chun .
xc nh cng ca nc dng dung dch EDTA bit trc nng
chun. Da trn th tch EDTA dng chun c th tnh ton c cng
ca nc.
PT : MeEBT + H2Y2- MeY + 2H+ + EBT
nho khng mu

khng mu

xanh dng

u tin Mg2+ to phc bn hn vi EBT.Sau Ca2+ b chun do hng

s bn phc EDTA ca Ca2+ ln hn Mg2+ Phc ca Ca-EBT c mu lt,cn
ca Mg-EBT c mu sm.Do s hin din ca Mg2+ lm chuyn mu r rt
hn.V vy,nu mu khng cha Mg2+ ,cn cho thm vo dung dch m 1t Mg+EDTA iu ny khng nh hng n php xc nh v Mg2+ v EDTA u thm
vo mt t l bng nhau 1:1.

Phn ng chun oc tin hnh trong khong pH t 7-11 v:

Mu phc ca kim loi vi ch th mu . pH <6.3 ch th c mu
,ph>11,6ch th c mu cam.Ch khi duy tr ph 7-11 ch th c mu xanh
dng th s chuyn mu c tnh tng phn
Vi m pH=10,EDTA tn ti dng H2Y2+ phc ca Mg ,Ca vi EDTA
bn nht,phc ca cc kim loi khc km bn,nhiu kim lo c th kt ta,v
vy cn thm vo mt cht to phc cnh tranh ngn khng cho cc hidroxit
to thnh.Trong trng hp ny,NH3 v trietanolamin N(CH2-CH2-OH)3 to
phc bn vi Al,Fe,Mn.
Phn ng sinh ra H+ lm gim ph dn n lm thay i hng s bn ca
phc,mu sc ca ch th.Do phi dng m.
Vi mu nc c cha mt lng ng k kim loi nng th ch th chuyn
mu khng r rng hay mt mu.C th dung 2 cht che sau:
NaCN l cht che hiu qu cho Fe,Cu,Co,Ni.Phi m bo mi trng kim
trc khi cho vo.
Na2S l cht che hiu qu cho Mn,Zn,Pb.

Mg2+

Mg

Hnh nh EDTA

2.3. Cch th nghim phng php trong phng th nghim:

Chun b:
- Dung dch m amoni (NH4Cl+NH4OH) ,ngn khng cho NH3 bay hi
- Ch th EBT
- Dung dch EDTA chun 0,01M
- Dung dch NaOH 1N
- Dung dch HCl 1N
Tin hnh
Dng ng ong ly 50 - 100 mL mu nc cn xc nh cng vo bnh nn.
Thm 1 mL
7

dung dch m v mt lng nh cht ch th. Nu pH ca mu nc khng nm

trong khong
pH = 6 - 8 th dng dung dch HCl hoc NaOH iu chnh
(nn dng giy ch th kim tra trc) ri mi thm dung dch
m v ch th.
Nu dung dch c mu hoc tm th tin hnh chun bng
dung dch EDTA t burt
ng thi khuy hoc lc u. Chun nhanh lc u v chm
dn khi gn n cui. Tip
tc thm dung dch EDTA khi mu ca dung dch bt u
chuyn t mu hoc tm sang
mu xanh. Sc thi mu dung dch khng thay i nu thm mt
git EDTA na.
Nu dung dch c mu xanh c ngha l nc mm v khng
cn chun na.
Hnh nh minh ho:

2.4 .Th nghim trong cng nghip:

Ngun nc t nhin

B x l ho hc

Dd EDTA,ch
th EBT,dd
m

B lng lc

B cha nc sau khi

x l xong

3.u im v nhc im:

3.1u im:
-EDTA l hu nh tc dng ngay tc th i vi nhng ion kim loi nh Ca2+;
Fe2+, Fe3+... m khng tc dng vi kim loi nn kh nng hao mn hon ton
khng xy ra.
-EDTA-Na4 hu nh tan v hn trong nc nn kh nng thc thi, theo ti l rt
ln. Sau khi x l nc bng EDTA-Na4, chng ta s thng bo cho khu vc ang
x l x b nc trong mt ngy. Lm nh vy s khng tn nhiu nc x b nh
hin nay na.
-Gi thnh ca ha cht ny cng tng i ph hp, khng mc lm.
-ng dng :Mi trng nc cng c cha nhiu ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ lm kt ta x
bng, gim bt. Do trong bt git c cha cc thnh phn c tc dng lm mm
nc. Ta c th s dng cc cht to phc EDTA (etylen Diamin Tetra-acetat).
3.2. Nhc im:
Nhng do cc cht to phc c cha phospho s cung cp dinh dng cho cc thc
vt sng trong nc nht l to, lm cho chng pht trin nhanh nn tiu th nhiu
O2 ha tan trong nc vo ban m lm sinh vt cht hng lot nn hn ch dung
3.3M rng hng x l:
-X l cc ngun nc nhim phn
-Nc cha nhiu kim loi nng
-p dng trong x l nc trong nui trng thu sn

10

4.Ti liu tham kho:

Ti liu ting vit:
[1].Trn Ngc Tuyn,Bi ging ho hc phc cht
Ti liu internet:
[2].http://www.scribd.com/doc/86403346/11/%C4%90%E1%BB%98C%E1%BB%A8NG-Hardness
[3].http://www.oxychemicals.com.vn

11