n tp gii tch I 2012

Tun VII . KHO ST HM S

I, Tm tt l thuyt
1. S bin thin ca hm s Cho f l hm s xc nh, lin tc trn [a,b], kh vi trong (a,b), khi : i) f(x) khng gim (tng) trn [a,b] <=> f(x) 0 (f(x) 0), x (a,b) ii) Nu f(x) 0 (f(x) 0) x (a,b) v nu f(x) > 0 (f(x) < 0) ti t nht mt im x th f(b) > f(a) (f(b) < f(a)). 2. Cc tr ca hm s Cho f xc nh, lin tc trn [a,b], kh vi trong (a,b) (c th tr ra mt s hu hn dim), gi s c l mt im tho a < c < b. i) Nu khi x vt qua c m f(x) i du t + sang - th f(x) t cc i ti x = c.
a c O b x y

ii) Nu khi x vt qua c m f(x) i du t - sang + th f(x) t cc tiu ti x = c. iii) Nu khi x vt qua c m f(x) khng i du th f(x) khng t cc tr ti c. 3. Hm li- hm lm nh ngha : Cho hm s f xc nh trong khong I i) f c gi l li nu:
a,b I v t [0,1], ta lun c: tf(a) + (1-t)f(b) f(ta + (1-t)b)

Mm

Martinnguyen@toantinbk.com

Page 1

n tp gii tch I 2012

ii) f c gi l lm nu:
a,b I v t [0,1], ta lun c: tf(a) + (1-t)f(b) f(ta + (1-t)b)

nh l: Cho f l hm s xc nh, lin tc trong mt khong I, c o hm cp hai f trong I. i) Nu f > 0 trong I th vi a < b, a,b I, hm s li trn [a,b] ii) Nu f < 0 trong I th vi a < b, a,b I, hm s lm trn [a,b] Tm li, o hm cp mt c lin quan ti tnh ng bin- nghch bin, v xt s thay i du o hm cp mt a ta ti vic tm cc tr. Tng t vy, kt hp nh ngha v nh l trn, cc em s c mi quan h gia o hm cp hai v tnh li- lm.

II, Phn dng bi tp

Thng th trong cc bi kim tra hay bi thi, him khi bi yu cu kho st ton b hm s, m ch khai thc nhng kha cnh c th. V th y, chng ta ch ti nhng dng bi tp sau:
Dng 1: Xt tnh n iu.
Phng php y l phn tng i d, gn vi ph thng. Ch yu cu cc em k nng tnh o hm cp mt Bi tp nh trong cng.

Dng 2: Chng minh bt ng thc.

Phng php C th s dng tnh ng bin- nghch bin (o hm cp mt), hoc bt ng thc hm li (o hm cp hai). n tp theo cng v v d cho trn lp.

Mm

Martinnguyen@toantinbk.com

Page 2

n tp gii tch I 2012

Dng 3: Tm cc tr
Phng php Cch thng dng l tnh o hm v lp bng bin thin. Ch cch tnh o hm ca . (cu c trong bi tp di y)
3

* Tm cc tr ca hm s a) y =
3x 2 4x 4 x2 x 1

b) y = x - ln(1 + x)

c) y = 3 (1 x)(x 2) 2

Dng 4: Tm tim cn
Phng php x= x0 l tim cn ng ca th y=f(x) <=> lim 0 = y= y0 l tim cn ngang ca th y=f(x) <=> lim = 0 y= ax+ b l tim cn xin ca th y=f(x) <=> lim , + = 0 T ta c cch tm a, b nh sau: = lim (Khi a=0, ta c tim cn ngang) Ch tm tim cn trong trng hp hm cho di dng tham s. = =

, = lim

Khi

= ,

2 2

Cch tm tim cn xin = lim , = lim

Mm

Martinnguyen@toantinbk.com

Page 3

n tp gii tch I 2012

1. Tm tim cn ca cc hm s sau b)
x2 x2 1

a) x2e-x 2.

c) x3ex

d)

x3 xa

Tm cc tr v tim cn ca cc hm s sau b) y = x2e-x c) y =

ln x x

a) y = x + arccotg2x 3.

Tm tim cn cc ng cong sau

3t 4 t2

a) x =

y=

2t 2 4 t2

b) x =

t2 t 1

y=

t t 1
2

c) x = t 4.

y = t + 2arctgt

Tnh yx v yxx bit b) x = acost y = asint y = t3 - 3t + 1

a) x = tsin2t y = t + cost c) x = a(t - sint) y = a(1-cost)

d) x = t3 + 3t + 1

Trong phn ny, cc em ch dng tm tim cn, trong cng khng c bi tp dng ny. Tuy nhin n vn c th c mt trong thi.

Mm

Martinnguyen@toantinbk.com

Page 4