Phuong Trinh Luong Giac 5

Trn Xun Bang - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh
Phng trnh Lng gic

1

NM HC 2010 - 2011

S GIO DC - O TO QUNG BNH
TRNG THPT CHUYN QUNG BNH

SNG KI N KINH NGHIM
PHNG TR NH LNG GIC

ng Hi, thng 5 nm 2011

Ngi thc hin: Trn Xun Bang
T Ton

Phng trnh Lng gic

2
Phn th nht.

L DO CHN TI

Phng trnh lng gic l mt trong nhng n v kin thc trng tm trong
ton b ni dung chng trnh Ton THPT. Trong cc thi Tuyn sinh vo i
hc v Cao ng, phng trnh lng gic lun lun c mt. Mt tp hp cc
phng trnh lng gic trong cc thi Tuyn sinh vo i hc v Cao ng ca
cc trng i hc trc y v ca B gio dc v o to t 2002 n nay l
mt mn qu qu cho hc sinh n luyn thi, cng l mt ti liu cc thy c
gio tm huyt vi ngh nghip tham kho. Vi l do ti c gng tp hp,
sa cha, bin tp "Phng trnh lng gic" hn mt nm nay v hon thnh
mt mc nht nh.
PHNG TRNH LNG GIC bao gm:
1. Phng trnh lng gic c bn: Vi 4 phng trnh lng gic c bn, mi
phng trnh u c trnh by cch ly nghim, v d minh ha v cc ch .
2. Phng trnh bc nht, bc hai, bc ba i vi mt hm s lng gic: Vi 65
phng trnh c li gii chi tit.
3. Phng trnh asinx +bcosx =c, (a
2
+b
2
>0): Vi 22 phng trnh c li gii
chi tit.
4. Phng trnh i xng i vi sinx v cosx: Vi 13 phng trnh c li gii
chi tit.
5. Phng trnh a(sinx - cosx) +bsinxcosx +c =0: Vi 9 phng trnh c li
gii chi tit.
6. Phng trnh asin
2
x +bcos
2
x +csinxcosx =d: Vi 15 phng trnh c li gii
chi tit.
7. Phng trnh:
asin
3
x +bcos
3
x +csin
2
xcosx +dsinxcos
2
x +dsinx +ecosx =0: Vi 5 phng
trnh c li gii chi tit.
8. Phng trnh a(tanx +cotx) +b(tan
2
x +cot
2
x) +c =0: Vi 1 phng trnh c
li gii chi tit.
9. Phng trnh a(tanx - cotx) +b(tan
2
x +cot
2
x) +c =0: Vi 1 phng trnh c
li gii chi tit.
10. Cc phng trnh lng gic khc:
10.1 Bin i v tch: Vi 80 phng trnh c li gii chi tit.
10.2 Bin i thng v phng trnh lng gic c bn: Vi 20 phng trnh
c li gii chi tit.
10.3. Cc phng trnh lng gic khng mu mc: Vi 27 phng trnh c li
gii chi tit.
11. Cc phng trnh lng gic trong cc D b thi Tuyn sinh vo cc
trng i hc v Cao ng t 2002 n 2008: Vi 42 phng trnh c li gii chi
tit.
12. 26 phng trnh lng gic trong cc k thi chnh thc Tuyn sinh vo cc
trng i hc v Cao ng t 2002 n 2010.
Phng trnh Lng gic

3
13. 95 phng trnh lng gic trong b thi tuyn sinh vo cc trng i
hc v Cao ng.

Phn th hai.

PHNG TR NH LNG GIC

1. Phng trnh lng gic c bn
1.1. cosx =m.
- 1 m> : V nghim(vn)
- 1 ms : Gi T =
1 2 3
0, , , , 1
2 2 2

`

)

Nu m T e th chn sao cho os c m = . Khi nghim ca phng trnh l:
2 x k = + , (ke ).
Nu m T e th nghim ca phng trnh l:
arccos 2 x m k = + , (ke ).
VD1.
a) Phng trnh cosx =
1
2
2 ;( )
3
x k k
= + e .
b) Phng trnh
3
osx =- 2 ;( )
2 6
c x k k
= + e .
c) Phng trnh
5 5
osx =- arccos - 2 ;( )
2 2
c x k k
| |
= + e
|
|
\ .
.
d) Phng trnh
10
osx =-
3
c : vn v
10
1
3
> .
Ch 1:
i) Phng trnh osx =0 ;( )
2
c x k k
= + e .
ii) Phng trnh osx =1 2 ;( ) c x k k = e .
3i) Phng trnh osx =- 1 2 ;( ) c x k k = + e .
Ch 2:
Phng trnh osx =cos 2 ;( ) c x k k = + e .
Tng qut: Phng trnh osu(x) =cosv(x) ( ) ( ) 2 ;( ) c u x v x k k = + e .
VD2.
a) Phng trnh
1
os(2x-1) =0 2 1 ;( )
2 2 4 2
c x k x k k

= + = + + e .
b) Phng trnh
0 0 0 0 0
os(x-15 ) =1 x-15 360 x=15 360 ;( ) c k k k = + e .
c) Phng trnh

0
1 1 1
os(x-15 ) = os x- x- arccos 2 ;( )
3 12 3 12 3
c c k k

| | | |
= = + e
| |
\ . \ .
.
Phng trnh Lng gic

4
d) Phng trnh

2
6
os 2x- =cos x- 2x- x- 2 ( )
4 12 4 12
2
9 3
x k
c k k
x k
= +
| | | | | |
= + e
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

= +

1.2. sinx =m.
- 1 m> : vn
- 1 ms : Gi T =
1 2 3
0, , , , 1
2 2 2

`

)

Nu m T e th chn sao cho sin m = . Khi nghim ca phng trnh l:
2 x k = + hoc 2 x k = + ; ke .
Nu m T e th nghim ca phng trnh l:
arcsin 2 x m k = + hoc arcsin 2 x m k = + ;ke .
VD1.
a) Phng trnh sinx =
1
2
2
6
( )
5
2
6
x k
k
x k
= +
= +
.
b) Phng trnh
2
3
3
sinx =- ( )
4 2
2
3
x k
k
x k
= +
= +
.
c) Phng trnh
5
arcsin - 2
2
5
sinx =- ( ).
2
5
arcsin - 2
2
x k
k
x k

| |
= +
|
|
\ .
e
| |
= +
|
|
\ .
.
d) Phng trnh
11
sinx =
3
: vn v
11
1
3
> .
Ch 1:
i) Phng trnh sinx =0 ;( ) x k k = e .
ii) Phng trnh sinx =1 2 ;( )
2
x k k
= + e .
3i) Phng trnh sinx =- 1 2 ;( )
2
x k k
= + e .
Ch 2:
Phng trnh
2
sinx =sin ( )
2
x k
k
x k

= +
e
= +
.
Tng qut: Phng trnh
( ) 2
sinu(x) =sinv(x) ( )
( ) 2
u x k
k
v x k

= +
e
= +
.
Phng trnh Lng gic

5
VD2.
a) Phng trnh
1
sin(2x - 1) =0 2 1 ;( )
2 2
x k x k k
= = + e .
b) Phng trnh

0 0 0 0 0 0
sin(x - 15 ) =1 x - 15 90 360 x=105 360 ;( ) k k k = + + e .
c) Phng trnh

0
1
x - arcsin 2
12 3 1 1
sin(x - 15 ) = sin x -
3 12 3 1
x - arcsin 2
12 3
1
x = +arcsin 2
12 3
( )
13 1
x = - arcsin 2
12 3
k
k
k
k
k

| |
= +
|
\ . | |

=
|

\ . | |
= +
|
\ .
| |
+
|
\ .
| |
+
|
\ .

d) Phng trnh

2x - x - 2
4 12
sin 2x - =sin x -
4 12
2x - x + 2
4 12
2
6
( )
4
2
9 3
k
k
x k
k
x k

= +
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

= +
= +
= +

1.3. tanx =m.
- Phng trnh c nghim vi mi m. Gi T =
1
0, , 1, 3
3

`
)

- Nu m T e th chn sao cho tan m = . Khi nghim ca phng trnh l:
x k = + , ke .
- Nu m T e th nghim ca phng trnh l:
arctan x m k = + , ke .
VD1.
a) Phng trnh tan x = 3 ;( )
3
x k k
= + e .
b) Phng trnh tan x =-
1
3
;( )
6
x k k
= + e .
c) Phng trnh tan x = 2 arctan 2 ;( ) x k k = + e .
Ch :
Phng trnh tanx =tan ;( ) x k k = + e .
Tng qut: Phng trnh tanu(x) =tanv(x) ( ) ( ) ;( ) u x v x k k = + e .
Phng trnh Lng gic

6
VD2.
a) Phng trnh tan 2x = 3 2 ;( ) ;( )
3 6 2
x k k x k k

= + e = + e
b) Phng trnh tan (x - 45
0
) =-
1
3

0 0 0 0 0
45 30 180 15 180 ;( ) x k x k k = + = + e
c) Phng trnh tan (x - 45
0
) = 2
arctan 2 +arctan 2 ;( )
4 4
x k x k k

= + = + e

e) Phng trnh tan(2x +1) =tan60
0

1
tan(2 1) tan 2 1 ;( )
3 3 2 6 2
x x k x k k

+ = + = + = + + e
1.4. cotx =m.
- Phng trnh c nghim vi mi m. Gi T =
1
0, , 1, 3
3

`
)

- Nu m T e th chn sao cho cot m = . Khi nghim ca phng trnh l:
x k = + , ke .
- Nu m T e th nghim ca phng trnh l:
arcot 2 ;( ) x k k = + e
VD1.
a) Phng trnh cotx = 3 ;( )
6
x k k
= + e .
b) Phng trnh cotx =-
1
3
;( )
3
x k k
= + e .
c) Phng trnh cotx =- 2 arcot(-2) ;( ) x k k = + e .
Ch :
Phng trnh cotx =cot ;( ) x k k = + e .
Tng qut: Phng trnh cotu(x) =cotv(x) ( ) ( ) ;( ) u x v x k k = + e .
VD2.
a) Phng trnh cot2x = 3 2 ;( ) ;( )
6 12 2
x k k x k k

= + e = + e .
b) Phng trnh cot(x - 45
0
) =-
1
3

0 0 0 0 0
45 60 180 15 180 ;( ) x k x k k = + = + e .
c) Phng trnh cot(x - 45
0
) = 5

( ) ( )
arcot - 5 +arcot - 5 ;( )
4 4
x k x k k

= + = + e .
e) Phng trnh cot(3x - 2) =cot60
0

2
cot(3 2) cot 3 2 ;( )
3 3 3 9 3
x x k x k k

= = + = + + e .
Phng trnh Lng gic

7
2. Phng trnh bc nht, bc hai, bc ba i vi mt hm s lng gic.
Dng: ( ) 0 A x B + =

2
[ ( )] ( ) 0 A x B x C + + = .
| |
2
3
[ ( )] ( ) ( ) 0 A x B x C x D + + + =
Trong , ( ) x l sinu(x), cosu(x), tanu(x), cotu(x).
VD1. Gii phng trnh cos2x +2sin
2
x +sin2x =0.
HD. Phng trnh cho

2 2
2cos 1 2sin 2sin2x =0 1 sin2 0
2 2 ,( ).
2 4
x x x
x k x k k

+ + + =
= + = + e

VD2. Gii phng trnh
6 6
sin x cos x sin2x + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 2
3
1 sin 2x sin2x 3sin 2x 4sin2x 4 0
4
= + =
= + t
=
e
= t

= + t
1 2
x arcsin k
sin2x 2 (vn)
2 3
(k )
sin2x 2/ 3 1 2
x arcsin k
2 2 3

VD3. Gii phng trnh
2
(3 2sinx)cosx (1 cos x)
1
1 sin2x
+ +
=
+
.
HD. iu kin: = sin 2x 1
Phng trnh cho

=
+ = + + =

=
2 2
cosx 1
3cosx sin2x 1 cos x 1 sin2x cos x 3cosx 2 0
cosx 2 (vn)

= = t e cosx 1 x k2 ; (k )
VD4. Gii phng trnh 5cosx cos2x 2sinx 0 + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 2
sinx 0
5cosx cos2x 2sinx
5cosx (2cos 1) 4sin x
s
=

=

s s

= + =

s
s t
= + t e =

=

=

2 2 2
sinx 0 sinx 0
5cosx (2cos 1) 4(1 cos x) 2cos x 5cosx 3 0
sinx 0
sinx 0
x k2 ; (k ) cosx 3 (vn)
3 cosx 1/ 2
cosx 1/ 2

VD5. Gii phng trnh
2
2
1 1
cos x 2 cosx 2 0
cosx cos x
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .
.
HD. ieu kien : 0 x = cos .
Phng trnh Lng gic

8
Phng trnh cho

2 2
1 1 1 1
cosx 2 2 cosx 2 cosx 2 cosx
cosx cosx cosx cosx
| | | | | | | |
+ = + + = +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
+ =
+ =
1
cosx 0 (1)
cosx
1
cosx 2 (2)
cosx
.
2
(1) 1 cos 0 (vn) x + =
2 2
(2) cos 2cos 1 0 (cos 1) 0 cos 1 2 ; (k ) x x x x x k + = = = = e
VD6. Gii phng trnh
x
1
x
x
1
x
2
2
cos
cos
cos
cos + = +
.
Phng trnh cho
2 2
1 1 1 1
cosx 2 cosx cosx cosx 2 0
cosx cosx cosx cosx
| | | | | |
+ = + + + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

+ =
+ =
1
cosx 1 (1)
cosx
1
cosx 2 (2)
cosx
.
2
(1) cos cos 1 0 (vn) x x + + =
2 2
(2) cos 2cos 1 0 (cos 1) 0 cos 1 2 (k ) x x x x x k + = = = = e
VD7. Gii phng trnh
2
2
1 1
cos x 2 cosx 1
cosx cos x
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
.
Phng trnh cho
2
1 1
cosx 2 2 cosx 1
cosx cosx
| | | |
+ = +
| |
\ . \ .

2
1 1
cosx 2 cosx 1 0
cosx cosx
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .
0 1
x
1
x 0 1
x
1
x
2
= =
cos
cos ]
cos
[cos
0 1 x x
2
= cos cos
+
=

= + t e
1 5
cosx (vn)
1 5
2
x arccos k2 ; (k )
2
1 5
cosx
2

Phng trnh Lng gic

9
VD8. Gii phng trnh
2
2
1 1
2 cos x 7 cosx 2 0
cosx cos x
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .
.
Phng trnh cho
(
| | | |
( + + + =
| |
(
\ . \ .

| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
2
2
1 1
2 cosx 2 7 cosx 2 0
cosx cosx
1 1
2 cosx 7 cosx 6 0
cosx cosx

1
cosx 2 (1)
cosx
1 3
cosx (2)
cosx 2
.
2
cos 1 2
(1) cos 2cos 1 0 arccos( 1 2) 2 ; (k )
cos 1 2 (vn)
x
x x x k
x

= +
+ = = + + e
=

VD9. Gii phng trnh
2
2
1 1
sin x sinx 0
sinx sin x
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
.
HD. ieu kien : 0 x = sin .
Phng trnh cho
2
1 1
sinx sinx 2 0
sinx sinx
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .

+ =
+ =
1
sinx 1 (1)
sinx
1
sinx 2 (2)
sinx
.
2
(1) sin sin 1 0 (vn) x x + + =
2 2
(2) sin 2sin 1 0 (sin 1) 0 sin 1 2 ; (k )
2
x x x x x k
+ = = = = + e
VD10. Gii phng trnh
2
2
1 1
4 sin x 4 sinx 7 0
sinx sin x
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .
.
HD. ieu kien : 0 x = sin .
Phng trnh cho
2 2
1 1 1 1
4 sinx 2 4 sinx 7 0 4 sinx 4 sinx 15 0
sinx sinx sinx sinx
(
| | | | | | | |
+ + + = + + + =
(
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
(

Phng trnh Lng gic

10
+ =
+ =
1 3
sinx (1)
sinx 2
1 5
sinx (2)
sinx 2
.
2
(1) 2sin 3sin 2 0 (vn) x x + =
=
+ + =

=
2
sinx 2(vn)
(2) 2sin x 5sinx 2 0
1
sinx
2
t
= + t
e
t
= + t
x k2
6
(k
7
x k2
6
)
VD11. Gii phng trnh

0
4
3
x 2 x 2
2 2
= + cos sin
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
0 3 x 2 1 4 x 2 1 4
2
= + + ) cos ( ) cos (
0 3 x 2 4 x 2 4 0 3 x 2 4 4 x 2 4 4
2 2
= + = + cos cos cos cos
t t
= + t = + t e
1
cos2x
2
2x k2 x k ; (k )
3 6 3
cos2x (vn)
2

VD12. Gii phng trnh 0 3 x tg 4 x tg
2 4
= +
t
= + t
=
=
e

t = =

= + t
2
2
x k
tgx 1
tg x 1
4
(k )
tg x 3 tgx 3
x k
3

VD13. Tm nghiem cua phng trnh :
4 4
sin x cos x cos2x (1) + =

thoa man bat phng trnh :
2
1
2
1 log (2 x x ) 0 (2) + + >

HD. Phng trnh cho
-
4 4 2 2
1
sin x cos x cos2x 1 sin 2x cos2x cos 2x 2cos2x 1 0
2
+ = = + =
cos2x 1 x k = = t
-
+ >

+ >

+ + >

+ >
s

< <
s <
>

< s

s

2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2 x x 0
2 x x 0
1 log (2 x x ) 0
log (2 x x ) 1
x x 0
1 x 2
1 x 2
x 1
1 x 0
x 0

Phng trnh Lng gic

11
- Nghiem cua (1) thoa (2) khi
1 k 2
k 0
1 k 0
s t <
=
< t s
. Vay x 0 = .
VD14. Gii phng trnh:
0 3 x x 5 x 2 1 2 = + ) cos (sin ) sin ( .
HD. Phng trnh cho
0 3 x x 5 x x 2
2
= + ) cos (sin ) cos (sin
=
| | t
=
|
=
\ .
sinx cosx 1
2
sin x
3
4 2 sinx cosx (vn)
2
t t
t = + t
= + t
e

t t
= t+ t = + t
x k2
x k2
4 4
(k )
2
3
x k2 x k2
4 4

0 7 x x 12 x 2 1 5 = + + + ) cos (sin ) sin ( .
HD. Phng trnh cho
0 7 x x 12 x x 5
2
= + + + ) cos (sin ) cos (sin
t t
+ = + t
t t t | |

+ = + t + = + = |

\ .

e
t + =
t | |

+ = + t
+ =
|

\ .

t
+ = t + t
x k2
4 4
3 2
x k2 sin x sinx cosx 1
4 4 4 2
(k )
7
7
sinx cosx
7
x arcsin k2
sin x 5
4 5 2
4 5 2
7
x arcsin k2
4 5 2
.
= t
= + t
e t
= + + t
t
= + t
x k2
x k2
2
(k ) 7
x arcsin k2
4 5 2
3 7
x arcsin k2
4 5 2

VD16. Gii phng trnh x 2 2 x 2
2 4
cos cos = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
=
+ =

=
2
4 2
2
cos 2x 1
cos 2x cos 2x 2 0
cos 2x 2(vn)

sin2 0 2 ; (k )
2
k
x x k x

= = = e
Phng trnh Lng gic

12
VD17. Gii phng trnh 0 3 x 4 x 2
4 2
= + sin cos .
HD. Phng trnh cho
0 3 x 4 x 2 1
4 2 2
= + sin ) sin (
0 3 x 4 x 4 x 4 1
4 4 2
= + + sin sin sin
2
sin 1 cos 0 ; (k )
2
x x x k
= = = + e
VD18. Gii phng trnh
2 2
cos x cos 2x 1 = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
0 1 1 x 4 x 4 x 0 1 1 x 2 x
2 4 2 2 2 2
= + = = = cos cos cos ) cos ( cos
=
t
= = = + t e
2
4 2
2
cos x 0
4cos x 5cos x cosx 0 x k (k )
5
2
cos x (vn)
4

VD19. Gii phng trnh x 2 3 1 x 2
4
cos cos = + .
HD. Phng trnh cho
) cos cos ( cos ) cos ( cos 1 x 4 x 4 3 1 x 2 1 x 2 3 1 x 2
2 4 4 2 2 4
+ = + = +
= +
=
=
=
=
=
= +
5
2
x 2 1
0 x
5
2
x 2
0 x
5
1
x
1 x
0 1 x 6 x 5
2 2
2
2 4
cos
sin
cos
sin
cos
cos
cos cos
= t
=
e | |
= + t
=
|
\ .

x k
sinx 0
(k )
1 3
3
x arccos k2
cos2x
2 5
5
.
VD20. Gii phng trnh 0 7 x 2 13 x 8
4
= + cos sin .
HD. Phng trnh cho
0 6 x 26 x 8 0 7 x 2 1 13 x 8
2 4 2 4
= + = + sin sin ) sin ( sin
+ = = v = = =
4 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
4sin x 13sin x 3 0 sin x sin x 3(vn) 2sin x 1 cos2x
4 2 2
1
cos2 2 2 ; (k )
2 3 6
x x k x k

= = + = + e .
VD21. Gii phng trnh 2 x g x tg
2 2
= + cot 2
x tg
1
x tg
2
2
= + (1) .
HD. ieu kien : 0 tgx = .
(1) 0 1 x tg 0 1 x tg 2 x tg
2 2 2 4
= = + ) (

t
= = = + t e
2
tg x 1 tgx 1 x k ; (k )
4

VD22. Gii phng trnh
(1)
cos
2
x
1
x tg 4
2
4
+ =
.
Phng trnh Lng gic

13
= + + =

=
2
4 2 4 2
2
tg x 1
(1) 4tg x 1 tg x 2 4tg x tg x 3 0
3
tg x (vn)
4
t
= = + t e tgx 1 x k ; (k )
4

VD23. Gii phng trnh
8
1
x x
8 8
= + cos sin
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
8
1
x x 2 x x
8
1
x x
4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4
= + = + cos sin ) cos (sin ) (cos ) (sin
4
2 2 4 2 4
1 1 1 1 1
(1 sin 2x) 2(sinxcosx) 1 sin 2x sin 2x 2 sin2x
2 8 4 2 8
| |
= + =
|
\ .

1 x 2 x 2 2 x 2 8 8
8
1
x 2
8
1
x 2
4
1
x 2 1
4 4 2 4 4 2
= + = + sin sin sin sin sin sin
=
+ =

=
2
4 2
2
sin 2x 1
sin 2x 8sin 2x 7 0
sin 2x 7 (vn)

0 x 2 = cos 2 ; (k ).
2 4 2
k
x k x

= + = + e
VD24. Gii phng trnh cos4x 6sinxcosx 1 + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
= t
+ = = =
2
sin2x 0
1 2sin 2x 3sin2x 1 0 sin2x 0 x k
2 sin2x 3/ 2 (vn)
.
VD25. Gii phng trnh
+
=
+
2
cosx(2sinx 3 2) 2cos x 1
1 (1)
1 sin2x
.
HD. ieu kien :sin2x 1 x k
4
t
= = + t .
+ = + + =
2 2
(1) sin2x 3 2cosx 2cos x 1 1 sin2x 2cos x 3 2cosx 2 0
t
= + t

= t
= + t
t
=
= + t
x k2
cosx 2 (vn)
4
x k2
4
cosx 2/ 2
x 2k (loai)
4
; ( ) ke
VD26. Gii phng trnh
+ = +
1
2tanx cot2x 2sin2x
sin2x
.
HD. ieu kien :
cosx 0
sin2x 0
sin2x 0
=
=
.
Phng trnh cho
2
sinx cos2x 1 sinxsin2x
2 2sin2x 2 cos2x 2sin 2x 1 0
cosx sin2x sin2x cosx
+ = + + =
Phng trnh Lng gic

14
2 2 2
4sin x cos2x 2(1 cos 2x) 1 0 2(1 cos2x) cos2x 3 cos 2x 0 + = + + =
= =
= =
2
cos2x 1 (loai,v sin2x 0) 1
2cos 2x cos2x 1 0 cos2x
2 cos2x 1/ 2

2
2x 2k x k
3 3
t t
= + t = + t ; ( ) ke .
VD27. Gii phng trnh =
2
tan x tanx.tan3x 2.
HD. ieu kien :
cosx 0
cos3x 0
=

Phng trnh cho

= = =
2
sinxsin2x 2sin xcosx
tanx(tanx tan3x) 2 2 2
cosxcosxcos3x cosxcosxcos3x
2 2 4 2 4 2
sin x cosxcos3x cos x 1 4cos x 3cos x 4cos x 4cos x 1 0 = = + =
t t t
= = = + t = +
2 2
k
(2cos x 1) 0 cos2x 0 2x k x
2 4 2
; ( ) ke
VD28. Gii phng trnh
2
(sin2x 3cos2x) 5 cos 2x
2
t | |
+ =
|
\ .
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
2
1 3
4( sin2x cos2x) cos 2x 5 0
2 2 2
t | |
+ =
|
\ .
.
| | t
=
|
| | | | t t
\ .
=
| |

| | t
\ . \ .
=
|
\ .
2
cos 2x 5/ 4 (vn)
6
4cos 2x cos 2x 5 0
6 6
cos 2x 1
6

7
2x 2k x k
6 12
t t
= t + t = + t ; ( ) ke .
VD29. Gii phng trnh
0,25 4
x x
log sin sinx log sin cos2x 0
2 2
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
4 4
x x
log sin sinx log sin cos2x
2 2
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
t
= + t
=
t
= + t
x k2
1
6
sinx
2 7
x k2
6
;( ) ke
VD30. Gii phng trnh
+
=
2 2
4sin 2x 6sin x 9 3cos2x
0 (1)
cosx
.
HD. ieu kien : cosx 0 =
+ = + + =
2 2
(1) 4(1 cos 2x) 3(1 cos2x) 9 3cos2x 0 2cos 2x 3cos2x 1 0
Phng trnh Lng gic

15
= + = =

= = =

= t
= + t e
2
cos2x 1 1 cos2x 0 2cos x 0
cos2x 1/ 2 cos2x 1/ 2 cos2x 1/ 2
cosx 0 (loai)
x k ; (k )
3 cos2x 1/ 2

VD31. Gii phng trnh
cos3x 1 3sin3x =
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 2 2
1 3sin3x 0 sin3x 3/ 3
cos 3x 1 2 3sin3x 3sin 3x 4sin 3x 2 3sin3x 0

> s

= + =

k
sin3x 0 3x k x
3
t
= = t = ; ( ) ke .
VD32. Gii phng trnh
+ =
2
cotx tanx 4sin2x (1)
sin2x

HD. ieu kien :
k
sin2x 0 x
2
t
= =
+ = + =
cosx sinx 2 2cos2x 2
(1) 4sin2x 4sin2x
sinx cosx sin2x sin2x sin2x

2 2 2
2cos2x 4sin 2x 2 cos2x 2(1 cos 2x) 1 2cos 2x cos2x 1 0 + = + = =
= =
t
= + t e
cos2x 1 (loai do sin2x 0)

x k ; (k )
1
6 cos2x
2

VD33. Gii phng trnh =
2
5sinx 2 3(1 sinx)tan x (1)
HD. ieu kien : cosx 0 x k
2
t
= = + t
= =
2 2
2 2
sin x sin x
(1) 5sinx 2 3(1 sinx) 5sinx 2 3(1 sinx)
cos x 1 sin x

2
2 2
3sin x
5sinx 2 (5sinx 2)(1 sinx) 3sin x 2sin x 3sinx 2 0
1 sinx
= + = + =
+

t
= = + t
t =

= + t
sinx 2 (vn) x 2k
6
(k )
1
5 sinx
x 2k
2
6

VD34. Gii phng trnh 3cosx cos2x cos3x 1 2sinxsin2x + + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 3 2
3t 2t 1 4t 3t 1 4(4 t )t (t cosx) + + + = =
t
= = = + t
+ = e

= =

= t+ t
2
t 0 cosx 0 x k
2t 2t 0 (k )
2
t 1 cosx 1
x 2k
.
Phng trnh Lng gic

16
VD35. Tm x thuoc oan | | x 0;2 e t nghiem ung phng trnh :

| | +
+ = +
|
+
\ .
cos3x sin3x
5 sinx cos2x 3 (1)
1 2sin2x

HD. ieu kien : + = = 1 2sin2x 0 sin2x 1/ 2 (2)
( )
+ + + = + + (1) 5 sinx 2sinxsin2x cos3x sin3x (cos2x 3)(1 2sin2x)
( ) 5 sinx cosx cos3x cos3x sin3x (cos2x 3)(1 2sin2x) + + + = + +
( ) 5 sinx sin3x cosx (cos2x 3)(1 2sin2x) + + = + +
( )
+ = + + = + 5cosx 1 2sin2x (cos2x 3)(1 2sin2x) 5cosx cos2x 3
=
= + + =

=
2 2
cosx 2 (vn)
5cosx 2cos x 2 2cos x 5cosx 2 0
cosx 1/ 2 (thoa k (2))

x 2k
3
t
= + t; ( ke )
- V | | x 0;2 e t nghiem cua phng trnh la:
t
= x
3
,
t
=
5
x
3
.
VD36. Gii phng trnh: 1+sin2x =2(cos
4
x +sin
4
x).
HD. Phng trnh cho
Ta c: 2(cos
4
x +sin
4
x) =2[(cos
2
x +sin
2
x)
2
2sin
2
xcos
2
x]
=2
2
1
1 sin 2
2
x
| |
|
\ .
=2 sin
2
2x
Phng trnh cho tng ng sin
2
2x +sin2x -1 =0
t t = sin2x vi iu kin -1 s t s 1 ta c phng trnh:
t
2
+t 1 =0 t =
1 5
2

. Gi tr
1 5
2

<-1 nn b loi.
Vi t =
1 5
2
+
ta c phng trnh sin2x =
1 5
2
+

Phng trnh ny c nghim: x =
1 1 5
arcsin
2 2
k
| |
+
+
|
|
\ .
, (k e )
x =
1 1 5
arcsin
2 2 2
k

| |
+
+
|
|
\ .
, (k e ).
VD37. Gii phng trnh sin
2
x(tanx 1) =cosx(5sinx cosx) 2.
HD. iu kin: cosx = 0
Chia hai v ca phng trnh cho cos
2
x ta c:
tan
2
x (tanx 1) =5tanx 1 2(1+tan
2
x)
tan
3
x tan
2
x =5tanx 3 2 tan
2
x
Phng trnh Lng gic

17
tan
3
x +tan
2
x 5tanx +3 =0
t t = tanx ta c phng trnh.
t
3
+t
2
5t +3 =0 (t 1)(t
2
+2t 3) =0
1
3
t
t
=

Vi t = 1, phng trnh tanx =1 c nghim
4
x k
= + , k e
Vi t = -3, phng trnh tanx =-3 c nghim x = arctan(-3) +kt, k e
Cc gi tr ny tha mn iu kin ca phng trnh cho. Vy phng trnh
cho c cc nghim x =
4
k
+ , x =arctan(-3) +kt, k e
3 3
2 3 1 3 1
sin cos sin2 sin cos
3 2 2 3
x x x x x
( | |
+ = +
( |
|
(
\ .

HD. Phng trnh cho tng ng

3 3
2 3 1 3 3 2
sin cos 2sin cos sin cos
3 2 6
x x x x x x
(

+ +
(

=0

3 2 2 3 2 2
2 2
sin 3sin cos sin cos cos sin cos 3sin cos 0
3 3
x x x x x x x x x x
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .

2 2
2
sin 3sin cos cos (sin cos ) 0
3
x x x x x x
| |
+ + =
|
\ .

2 2
sin cos 0 (1)
2
sin 3sin cos cos 0 (2)
3
x x
x x x x
+ =
+ =

(1) x =
3
4
+kt, k e
(2) sin
2
x - 3sinxcosx +
2
3
cos
2
x =0
i) cosx =0 khng tho mn phng trnh.
ii) cosx = 0, chia hai v ca phng trnh cho cos
2
x, ta c:
tan
2
x -
2
3tan 0
3
x+ =
Phng trnh cho c nghim:
x =
3
,
4 6
k x k

+ = + , x =arctan
2 3
3
+kt, k e .
Phng trnh Lng gic

18
2
3 4 2sin2
2 3 2(cotg 1)
sin2 cos
x
x
x x
+
+ = + .
HD. k:
2
x k
t
=
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi:
( )
2
2 2
2
2
4
3 1 2 3 2
sin2
2(sin cos )
3 3 2
sin cos
3 2 3 0
tg cotg
tg cotg
tg tg
x x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
+ + =
+
+ =
+ =

3
3
1
3
6
tg
tg
x k x
x
x k
t
= + t =

t =

= + t
(ke)
So snh vi iu kin, ta c nghim :
6 2
x k
t t
= + ; (ke).
VD40. Gii phng trnh
2
4x
os os
3
c c x = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 2
3 2
2 1 os2x 2 1 1 2x
2cos 1 2cos 1 os3.
3 2 3 2 2 3
2 2 2
4cos 4cos 3cos 3 0
3 3 3
2
2
cos 1 3 2
3
3
( ).
3
2
2 3
cos 4 2
3 6
3 2
x c x
c
x x x
x
x
x k k
k
x x k x
k

+
= = +
+ =

= = =

e

= +

= +
=

VD41. Giai phng trnh
2
2cos4 6 s 1 3cos2
0
cos
x co x x
x
+ + +
= .
HD. K:
2
x k
= + ,
Phng trnh cho ( ) 0 2 cos 3 1 2 cos 1 ( 3 1 2 cos 2 2
2
= + + + + x x x

+ =
=
=
=
= +
k x
k
x
x
x
x x
6
2
2
1
2 cos
1 2 cos
0 1 2 cos 3 2 cos 2
2
( ) ke
Phng trnh Lng gic

19
2
k
x= tha K khi ch khi x m =
Vy (1) c 3 h nghim l: ; ,( , )
6
x m x k mk
= = + e .
VD42. Giai phng trnh 1
cos 1
sin 2 ) 1 cos 2 ( cos 1
=
+
x
x x x
.
HD. K : cos 1 2 x x k = = , ( ) ke
Phng trnh cho
0 sin 2 ) sin 1 ( 2 cos 1 sin 2 cos cos 2 1
2 2
= = x x x x x x
2 sin
2
2
sin 0 2 sin 2 sin 2
2
= v = = x x x x (loi)

+ =
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
= =
2
4
5
2
4
4
sin
2
2
sin
k x
k x
x ( ) ke
2
3 2 3(1 ).cot cosx cosx x = .
HD. K : x k = ,( ) ke
Phng trnh
cho =
x
x
x x
2
2
sin
cos
) cos 1 ( 3 2 2 cos 3
2
2
cos
3cos2 2 3(1 cos )
1 cos
x
x x
x
=

0 2 cos cos 6
cos 1
cos 3
2 cos 3
2
2
= +
+
= x x
x
x
x
+ =
+ =
=
=
2 )
3
2
arccos(
2
3
3
2
cos
2
1
cos
k x
k x
x
x
( ) ke
6 6 2
sin 2 1 x cos x cos x + = .
HD.

( )
4
1
2 cos
4
3
2 sin
4
3
1 ) cos (sin cos sin 3 ) cos (sin
) (cos sin cos sin
2
2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
3 2
3
2 6 6
+ =
= = + + =
= + = +
x
x x x x x x x
x x x x

Phng trnh cho 0 1 2 cos 4 2 cos 3 2 cos
4
1
2 cos
4
3
2 2
= + = + x x x x

+ =
=
=
=
2
3
1
arccos
2
1
3
1
2 cos
1 2 cos
k x
k x
x
x
( ) ke
VD45. Tm cac nghiem tren khoang ( ) 0; cua phng trnh
Phng trnh Lng gic

20

sin3 cos3
7 4 cos2
2sin2 1
x x
cosx x
x
| |
=
|
\ .

HD. K : sinx
+ =
+ =
=
2
12
2
12
5
2
1
m x
m x
( ) ke

) cos sin 1 )( cos (sin 4 ) cos (sin 3 cos 3 cos 4 sin 4 sin 3 3 cos 3 sin
3 3
x x x x x x x x x x x x + + = + =
) 1 2 sin 2 )( cos (sin ) 1 cos sin 4 )( cos (sin + = + = x x x x x x x
x x
x
x x
cos sin
1 2 sin 2
3 cos 3 sin
+ =

Phng trnh cho
) sin 2 1 ( 4 sin 7 2 cos 4 ) cos cos (sin 7
2
x x x x x x = = +
3 sin
2
1
sin 0 3 sin 7 sin 2
2
= v = = + x x x x (loi)
+ =
+ =
=
2
6
5
2
6
2
1
sin
k x
k x
x ( ) ke
Trong khong ( ) ; 0 ta c hai nghim ca phng trnh l:
6
5
;
6

= = x x
VD46. Cho phng trnh cos2 (2 1)sin 1 0 (*) x m x m + + = .
a) Giai phng trnh khi m =2.
b) Tm m ephng trnh (*) conghiem tren khoang ( ) ;2
Phng trnh cho 0 1 sin ) 1 2 ( sin 2 1
2
= + + m x m x
0 sin ) 1 2 ( sin 2
2
= + + m x m x
a) Khi m = 2: Phng trnh cho
2
2sin 5sin 2 0 x x + =

1 2
in
6
2
5
s nx =2 2
6
x k
s x
i x k
= +

=

= +
( ) ke
b) Tm m PT (*) c nghim trn khong ( ) ;2 :
t sinx = t. ( ) 0 1 2 ; < s e t x .
Phng trnh cho tng ng
2
2 (2 1) 0, [-1; 0) t m t m t + + = e
1
2
t
t m

Vy ta phi c : | ) 1; 0 me
2
2cos4 6 s 1 3cos2
0
cos
x co x x
x
+ + +
= .
Phng trnh Lng gic

21
HD. K:
2
x k
= + ,
Phng trnh cho ( ) 0 2 cos 3 1 2 cos 1 ( 3 1 2 cos 2 2
2
= + + + + x x x

+ =
=
=
=
= +
k x
k
x
x
x
x x
6
2
2
1
2 cos
1 2 cos
0 1 2 cos 3 2 cos 2
2
( ) ke
2
k
Vy (1) c 3 h nghim l: ; ,( , )
6
x m x k mk
= = + e .
cos 1
sin 2 ) 1 cos 2 ( cos 1
=
+
x
x x x
.
HD. K : cos 1 2 x x k = = , ( ) ke
Phng trnh cho
2 2
= = x x x x x x
2 sin
2
2
sin 0 2 sin 2 sin 2
2
= v = = x x x x (loi)

+ =
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
= =
2
4
5
2
4
4
sin
2
2
sin
k x
k x
x ( ) ke
2
HD. K : x k = ,( ) ke
Phng trnh
cho =
x
x
x x
2
2
sin
cos
) cos 1 ( 3 2 2 cos 3
2
2
cos
3cos2 2 3(1 cos )
1 cos
x
x x
x
=

0 2 cos cos 6
cos 1
cos 3
2 cos 3
2
2
= +
+
= x x
x
x
x
+ =
+ =
=
=
2 )
3
2
arccos(
2
3
3
2
cos
2
1
cos
k x
k x
x
x
( ) ke
6 6 2
HD.

( )
4
1
2 cos
4
3
2 sin
4
3
) (cos sin cos sin
2
2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
3 2
3
2 6 6
+ =
= = + + =
= + = +
x
x x x x x x x
x x x x

Phng trnh Lng gic

22
4
1
2 cos
4
3
2 2
= + = + x x x x

+ =
=
=
=
2
3
1
arccos
2
1
3
1
2 cos
1 2 cos
k x
k x
x
x
( ) ke
VD51. Tm cac nghiem tren khoang ( ) 0; cua phng trnh :

sin3 cos3
7 4 cos2
2sin2 1
x x
cosx x
x
| |
=
|
\ .

HD. K : sinx
+ =
+ =
=
2
12
2
12
5
2
1
m x
m x
( ) ke

3 3
x x x x x x x x x x x x + + = + =
x x
x
x x
cos sin
1 2 sin 2
3 cos 3 sin
+ =

Phng trnh cho
2
x x x x x x = = +
3 sin
2
1
sin 0 3 sin 7 sin 2
2
= v = = + x x x x (loi)
+ =
+ =
=
2
6
5
2
6
2
1
sin
k x
k x
x ( ) ke
6
5
;
6

= = x x
VD52. Cho phng trnh : cos2 (2 1)sin 1 0 (*) x m x m + + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho 0 1 sin ) 1 2 ( sin 2 1
2
= + + m x m x
0 sin ) 1 2 ( sin 2
2
= + + m x m x
2
2sin 5sin 2 0 x x + =

1 2
in
6
2
5
s nx =2 2
6
x k
s x
i x k
= +

=

= +
( ) ke
t sinx = t. ( ) 0 1 2 ; < s e t x .
Phng trnh Lng gic

23
2
2 (2 1) 0, [-1; 0) t m t m t + + = e
1
2
t
t m

VD53. Gii phng trnh
x x
x
x x
2
cos2 sin2
3 cot 3
sin cos
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
.
HD. iu kin
x
x
sin 0
cos 0
=
x m
2
= (1).
Phng trnh cho
x x x x x
x x
x
2
2
cos cos2 .cos sin2 .sin
3 3.
sin .cos
sin
+
+ =

x x
x x
x
2
2
cos cos
3 3.
sin .cos
sin
+ =
x x
2
2sin 3sin 1 0 + =
x
x
sin 1
1
sin
2
=

x k loai
x k
x k
2 ( )
2
2
6
5
2
6
= +
= +
= +
( ) ke
Vy phng trnh c nghim x k x k
5
2 ; 2
6 6

= + = + , ( ) ke
VD54. Gii phng trnh
( )
x x
2
3tan 1 3 tan 1 0 + + =
HD.
( )

= = +
+ + =

=

= +

x
x k
x x
x
x k
2
tan 1
4
1 3tan 1 3 tan 1 0
tan
3
6

VD55. Gii phng trnh
x x
x
cos2 3cos 2
0
2sin 3
+ +
=
.
HD.
iu kin: x x
2
3 1
sin cos
2 4
= = (*)
Phng trnh a cho tng ng:

=
+ + = = = + e
=
x
x x x x k k
x loai
2
cos 1
2cos 3cos 1 0 cos 1 2 ,( ) 1
cos ( )
2

VD56. Gii phng trnh cos2x - cosx - 2 =0.
HD. Phng trnh cho tng ng:
Phng trnh Lng gic

24
2
2cos cos 3 0
cos 1
3
cos (vn)
2
cos 1
2 ,( )
x x
x
x
x
x k k
=
=
=
= + e

VD57. Gii phng trnh cos2 3cos 2 0 + = x x

2
2cos 3cos 1 0 x x + =
cos 1 cos 1
1
cos os cos
3 2

= =

= =

x x
x c x

( )
2
2
3
x k
k
x k
= +

VD58. Gii phng trnh
2 2
2cos 2 3cos 4 0 x x + =

2 2 2
cos2 1
2cos 2 3(2cos x - 1) +1 =0 2cos 2 3 os2x +1 =0
1
cos2
2
x
x x c
x
=

( )
2 2
2 2
3 6
x k x k
k
x k x k

= =

e

= + = +

.
VD59. Gii phng trnh 2sin
2
x +cosx 1 =0.
2( 1 cos
2
x) +cosx 1 =0 2cos
2
x +cosx +1 =0
cosx =1 x =k2t ( k e )
cosx =
1
2

x k
x k
2
2
3
2
2
3
= +
= +
( k e )
Nghim ca phng trnh l: x =k2t; x k x k
2 2
2 ; 2
3 3

= + = + (ke ).
VD60. Gii phng trnh
2
2sin 5cos 1 0 x x + + = .
2
2cos 5cos 3 0 x x + + =
cos 3
1
cos
2
x
x
=
(loai)
2
2 ( )
3
x k k
= + e .
2
2cos4 6 s 1 3cos2
0
cos
x co x x
x
+ + +
= .
Phng trnh Lng gic

25
HD. K:
2
x k
= + ,
Phng trnh cho
( ) 0 2 cos 3 1 2 cos 1 ( 3 1 2 cos 2 2
2
= + + + + x x x

+ =
=
=
=
= +
k x
k
x
x
x
x x
6
2
2
1
2 cos
1 2 cos
0 1 2 cos 3 2 cos 2
2
( ) ke
2
k
Vy (1) c 3 h nghim l: ; ,( , )
6
x m x k mk
= = + e .
cos 1
sin 2 ) 1 cos 2 ( cos 1
=
+
x
x x x
.
HD. K : cos 1 2 x x k = = , ( ) ke
Phng trnh cho
2 2
= = x x x x x x
2 sin
2
2
sin 0 2 sin 2 sin 2
2
= v = = x x x x (loi)

+ =
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
= =
2
4
5
2
4
4
sin
2
2
sin
k x
k x
x ( ) ke
2
HD. K : x k = ,( ) ke
Phng trnh
cho =
x
x
x x
2
2
sin
cos
) cos 1 ( 3 2 2 cos 3
2
2
cos
3cos2 2 3(1 cos )
1 cos
x
x x
x
=

0 2 cos cos 6
cos 1
cos 3
2 cos 3
2
2
= +
+
= x x
x
x
x
+ =
+ =
=
=
2 )
3
2
arccos(
2
3
3
2
cos
2
1
cos
k x
k x
x
x
( ) ke
6 6 2
HD.
Phng trnh Lng gic

26

( )
4
1
2 cos
4
3
2 sin
4
3
) (cos sin cos sin
2
2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
3 2
3
2 6 6
+ =
= = + + =
= + = +
x
x x x x x x x
x x x x

4
1
2 cos
4
3
2 2
= + = + x x x x

+ =
=
=
=
2
3
1
arccos
2
1
3
1
2 cos
1 2 cos
k x
k x
x
x
( ) ke
VD 65. Tm cac nghiem tren khoang ( ) 0; cua phng trnh :

sin3 cos3
7 4 cos2
2sin2 1
x x
cosx x
x
| |
=
|
\ .

HD. K : sinx
+ =
+ =
=
2
12
2
12
5
2
1
m x
m x
( ) ke

3 3
x x x x x x x x x x x x + + = + =
x x
x
x x
cos sin
1 2 sin 2
3 cos 3 sin
+ =

Phng trnh cho
2
x x x x x x = = +
3 sin
2
1
sin 0 3 sin 7 sin 2
2
= v = = + x x x x (loi)
+ =
+ =
=
2
6
5
2
6
2
1
sin
k x
k x
x ( ) ke
6
5
;
6

= = x x
VD66. Cho phng trnh cos2 (2 1)sin 1 0 (*) x m x m + + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho 0 1 sin ) 1 2 ( sin 2 1
2
= + + m x m x
0 sin ) 1 2 ( sin 2
2
= + + m x m x
2
2sin 5sin 2 0 x x + =
Phng trnh Lng gic

27

1 2
in
6
2
5
s nx =2 2
6
x k
s x
i x k
= +

=

= +
( ) ke
t sinx = t. ( ) 0 1 2 ; < s e t x .
2
2 (2 1) 0, [-1; 0) t m t m t + + = e
1
2
t
t m


3. Phng trnh asinx +bcosx =c, (a
2
+b
2
>0)
Chia hai v cho
2 2
a b + .
Phng trnh cho tr thnh
2 2 2 2 2 2
sinx cosx =
a b c
a b a b a b
+
+ + +

t
2 2 2 2
os , sin
b a
c
a b a b
= =
+ +

Phng trnh cho tr thnh:
2 2
os( )
c
c x
a b
=
+
(*)
Phng trnh cho c nghim khi ch khi phng trnh (*) c nghim
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
1 1
c c
a b c
a b
a b
s s + >
+
+
.
Phng trnh (*) l mt phng trnh lng gic c bn.
Ch : i) Nu t
2 2 2 2
sin , os
b a
c
a b a b
= =
+ +
th (*) tr thnh:

2 2
sin( )
c
x
a b
+ =
+

ii) Nu c = 0, c th a phng trnh cho v tanx
b
a
= .
iii) C th t
2
2 2 2
2 1 2
tan inx , osx ,tanx
2 1 1 1
x t t t
t s c
t t t
= = = =
+ +

4i) C th bin i
2
x
cosx =2cos 1,sin2 2sin os
2 2 2
x x
x c = . a phng
trnh v phng trnh c v tri ng cp bc hai i vi
x
sin , os
2 2
x
c .
5i) C th chia hai v cho a, nu a = 0: sinx cosx =
b c
a a
+ . t tan
b
a
=
hoc cot
b
a
= .
Phng trnh Lng gic

28
Cng c th chia hai v cho b, nu a = 0: sinx cosx =
a c
b b
+ . t tan
a
b
= hoc
cot
a
b
= .
VD1. Gii phng trnh
2 2
2 3cos 2sin 3 3
4
x x
| |
+ = +
|
\ .

HD. Phng trnh cho

2 2
3(2cos 1) (sinx - cosx) 3
3 os2x - sin2x =2 (1)
x
c
+ =

Cch 1.
3 1
(1) os2x - sin2 1 os 2x+ 1 ; (k )
2 2 6 12
c x c x k

| |
= = = + e
|
\ .

Cch 2. t t = tanx.
2
2 2
2 2
2
1 2
3 os2x - sin2x =2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2
1 1
1
(2 3) 2 2 3 0
2 3
1
tanx = tan
12 2 3
t t
c t t t
t t
t t t
= = +
+ +
+ + + = =
+
| |
=
|
+ \ .

Cch 3.
2 2
3(2cos 1) (sinx - cosx) 3 x + =
2
2 3cos 2sin cosx 2 3 x x = +
osx =0 sinx= 1 c - : Khng tha.
- Chia 2 v cho cos
2
x. Ta c:
2 2
2 3 2tan (2 3)(1 tan ) (2 3) an 2tan 2 3 0
1
tanx = tan
12 2+ 3
x x t x x
= + + + + + =
| |
=
|
\ .

Cch 4.
t
sin
3
3 tan
3
os
3
c
= = .
(1) sin os2x - cos sin2x =2cos sin 2 1
3 3 3 3
2 2
3 2 12
c x
x k x l

| |
=
|
\ .
= + = +

Cch 5.
Phng trnh Lng gic

29
t
os
6
3 cot
6
sin
6
c

= = .
(1) os os2x - sin sin2x =2sin os 2 1
6 6 6 6
2 2
6 12
c c c x
x k x k

| |
+ =
|
\ .
= + = +

Cch 6.
Chia hai v cho 3:
1 2
os2 sin2x =
3 3
c x
t
os
1
3
cot
3 3
sin
3
c

= = .
2
(1) sin os2x - cos sin2x = sin sin 2 1
3 3 3 3 3
c x
| |
=
|
\ .
.
Cch 7.
Chia hai v cho 3:
1 2
os2 sin2x =
3 3
c x
t
sin
1
6
tan
6 3
os
6
c
= = .
2
(1) os os2x - sin sin2x = os os 2 1
6 6 6 6 3
c c c c x
| |
+ =
|
\ .
.
VD2. Gii phng trnh 2 2(sinx cosx)cosx 3 cos2x + = + .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2
2sin2x 2 2cos x 3 cos2x + = +
+ = + <
2 2 2
2sin2x ( 2 1)cos2x 3 2 phng trnh vonghiem v a b c .
VD3. Gii phng trnh
3
3sin3x 3cos9x 1 4sin 3x = + .
HD. Phng trnh cho
3
3sin3x 4sin 3x 3cos9x 1 sin9x 3cos9x 1 = =
t t
= +
| | t
= =
|
t t
\ .
= +
2
x k
1 3 1 1
18 9
sin9x cos9x sin 9x
2 2 2 3 2 7 2
x k
54 9
( ke )
VD4. Gii phng trnh 4cosx +2 3sinx +cos2x + 3sin2x +3 =0.
HD. Phng trnh cho
Phng trnh Lng gic

30
4cosx +2 3sinx +2cos
2
x 1 +2 3sinxcosx +3 =0
2 3sinx(cosx+1) +2(cosx +1)
2
=0
2(cox +1)( 3sinx +cosx +1) =0

cos 1 0
3sin cos 1 0
x
x x
+ =
+ + =

(2 1)
2
3
x k
x k

= +
= +
(k e )
VD5. Gii phng trnh:
2cos
3
x sin2x(sinx +cosx) +cos2x(sinx + 2) - 2(sin2x +1) 2cosx sinx =0
2cos
3
x sin2x(sinx +cosx) +cos2x(sinx + 2) - 2(sin2x +1) 2cosx sinx =0
2(cos2x sin2x 1) +sinx(cos2x sin2x 1) +2cos
3
x sin2xcosx 2cosx =0
(cos2x sin2x 1) ( 2 +sinx) +cosx(2cos
2
x sin2x 2) =0
(cos2x sin2x 1) ( 2 +sinx) +cosx(cos2x +1 sin2x 2) =0
(cos2x sin2x 1)(cosx +sinx + 2) =0

cos2 sin2 1 0
cos sin 2 0
x x
x x
=
+ + =

2
cos 2
4 2
cos 1
4
x
x
| |
+ =
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .

2 2
4 4
2
4
x k
x k

+ = +
= +
(k e )
4
5
2
4
x k
x k
x k
= +
= +
(k e )
VD6. Tm ) ; 0 ( e x tho mn phng trnh:
cotx - 1 = x x
x
x
2 sin
2
1
sin
tan 1
2 cos
2
+
+
.
HD.
Phng trnh Lng gic

31
iu kin:
=
=
= +
=
1 tan
0 2 sin
0 cos sin
0 2 sin
x
x
x x
x

Phng trnh cho
x x x
x x
x x
x
x x
cos sin sin
sin cos
cos . 2 cos
sin
sin cos
2
+
+
=

x x x x x x
x
x x
cos sin sin cos sin cos
sin
sin cos
2 2
+ =

) 2 sin 1 ( sin sin cos x x x x =
0 ) 1 sin cos )(sin sin (cos
2
= x x x x x
0 ) 3 2 cos 2 )(sin sin (cos = + x x x x

cos 0
2sin(2 ) 3 (VN)
4
x sinx
x

=
+ =

0 sin cos = x x tanx =1 , ( )
4
x k k
= + e
Do ( )
4
0 ; 0

= = e x k x .
VD7. Gii phng trnh x x x x 2 cos 3 4 cos 2 6 sin 3 2 cos 4
3
+ = +
HD. Phng trnh cho tng ng ( ) x x x x 4 cos 2 6 sin 3 2 cos 3 2 cos 4
3
= +
x x x x x x 4 cos 6 sin
2
3
6 cos
2
1
4 cos 2 6 sin 3 6 cos = + = +

6
cos 6 cos4 6 4 2
3 3
30 5
x k
x x x x k
x k
= +
| |
= = +
|
\ .

= +
( ) ke
VD 8. K : ( )
sin 0
sin2 0
cos 0 2
x
k
x x k
x

=
= = e

HD. Phng trnh cho
x x x x x x x x cos sin 3 ) 3 cos (cos 2 cos sin 3 sin 2 sin 4 + = + =

1 3
6
cos sin cos3 cos cos3
2 2 3
12 2
x k
x x x x x
x k
= +
| |
= + =
|
\ .

= +
( ) ke
V d 9. Gii phng trnh 8 2 cos 2 sin 3 cos 3 sin 9 = + + x x x x .
HD. Phng trnh cho ( ) ( ) 0 9 cos 2 cos 3 cos sin 6 sin 9
2
= + + x x x x x
0 ) 3 )(cos 3 cos 2 ( ) cos 2 3 ( sin 3 = + + x x x x
Phng trnh Lng gic

32

3
osx = (vn)
(2cos 3)(cos 3sin 3) 0 2
cos 3sin 3 0
c
x x x
x x
+ =

+ =

sin sin sin cos cos
10
3
sin
10
3
cos
10
1
= = x x x x

2
2
cos( ) cos
2
2
2
x k
x
x k
= +
| |
+ = +
|
\ .

= +
( ) ke
trong
1 3
cos ; sin
10 10
= =
VD10. Gii phng trnh
3
2 cos2 0 cos x x sinx + + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho:
0 ) sin 1 ( ) 1 (cos cos 2 0 sin 1 cos 2 cos 2
2 2 3
= + = + + x x x x x x
0 ) sin 1 ( ) 1 )(cos sin 1 )( sin 1 ( 2 = + + x x x x

| |
0 ) 1 2 sin cos 2 sin 2 )( sin 1 (
0 1 ) cos 1 )( sin 1 ( 2 ) sin 1 (
= + + +
= + +
x x x x
x x x

| | 0 ) cos (sin ) cos (sin 2 ) sin 1 (
2
= + + + x x x x x

1 sin 0
(1 sin )(sin cos )(sin cos 2) 0 sin cos 0
s nx +cosx +2 =0 (vn)
x
x x x x x x x
i
=
+ + + = + =

2
4
x k
x k
= +
= +
( ) ke
VD11: Gii phng trnh
3 3
sin x cos x sinx cosx + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho tng ng x x x x x x cos sin ) cos sin 1 )( cos (sin = +
x x x x x x x x cos sin ) cos (sin cos sin cos sin = + +

0 ) cos sin sin 2 ( cos 0 ) cos (sin cos sin cos 2
2
= = + x x x x x x x x x
0 ) 2 sin 2 cos 3 ( cos 0 ) 2 sin
2
1
2
2 cos 1
2 ( cos = + =
x x x x
x
x

cos 0
3 os2x - sin2x =0 (vn) 2
x
x k
c

=
= +
,( ) ke .
Cch khc:
3 3 2 3
2
sin sinx(sin 1) os osx =0
cosx(- sinxcosx +cos 1) 0 cosx(- sin2x +cos2 3) 0
x cos x sinx cosx x c x c
x x
+ = + +
+ = + =

VD12. Gii phng trnh 4
4 4
(sin ) 3sin4 2 x cos x x + + =
Phng trnh Lng gic

33
HD. Ta c x x x x x 4 cos
4
1
4
3
) 4 cos 1 (
4
1
1 2 sin
2
1
1 cos sin
2 4 4
+ = = = +
Phng trnh cho
2
1
4 sin
2
3
4 cos
2
1
2 4 sin 3 4 cos 3 = + = + + x x x x
2 2
4 2
cos 4 cos 4 2
3 3 3 3
12 2
x k
x x k
x k

= +
| |
= = +
|
\ .

= +
( ) ke
VD13. Gii phng trnh x x x x sin 3 cos ) cos 3 (sin 3 + =
Phng trnh cho
x x x x x x x x cos
2
3
sin
2
1
3 cos
2
1
3 sin
2
3
cos 3 sin 3 cos 3 sin 3 + = + =
3 2
6 3 4
sin 3 sin
5 6 3
3 2
24 5 6 3
x x k x k
x x
x k x x k

= + + = +

| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .

= + = +

( ) ke .
VD14. Giai phng trnh cos
2
x - 3sin2x =1 +sin
2
x.
HD. Phng trnh cho
( ) 1 2 sin 3 2 cos 1 2 sin 3 sin cos
2 2
= = x x x x x

3
cos
3
2 cos
2
1
2 sin
2
3
2 cos
2
1
= |
.
|
\
|
+ = x x x
VD15. Giai phng trnh 4sin
2
x 3sinxcosx +
( )
3 4 + cos
2
x =4.
HD.
+Xt cosx =0 th 1 sin
2
= x nghim ng phng trnh .
Vy phng trnh c nghim
k x + =
2
.
+Xt 0 cos = x . Chia hai v PT(2) cho x
2
cos v thay x
x
2
2
tan 1
cos
1
+ = , t t = tanx :
Ta c

k x x t t t t + = = = + = + +
6 6
tan tan
3
3
) 1 ( 4 4 3 3 4
2 2

Vy PT (2) c hai h nghim l :
k x + =
2
; ; ( )
6
x k k
= + e
VD16. Giai phng trnh 10cos
2
x 5sinxcosx +3sin
2
x =4.
HD. Phng trnh cho
3 ) 2 cos 1 (
2
3
2 sin
2
5
) 2 cos 1 ( 5 = + + x x x
7 2 sin 5 2 cos 7 = x x
VD17. Gii phng trnh x x
2
3
2cos 3cos2 0
4
| |
+ =
|
\ .

HD.
Phng trnh Lng gic

34
Phng trnh cho tng ng:
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
+ = =
x x
x x x x
3
1 cos 2 3cos2 0
2
1 sin2 3cos2 0 sin2 3cos2 1

x sin 2 sin
3 6
| |
=
|
\ .

= + = +

= + = +

x k x k
x k x k
2 2
3 6 4
5 7
2 2
3 6 12
( ) ke

VD18. Gii phng trnh x x sin3 3cos3 1 = .
HD.
Phng trnh cho tng ng: x x x
1 3 1
sin3 cos3 sin 3 sin
2 2 2 3 6
| |
= =
|
\ .

= + = +

= + = +

x k x k
x k x k
2
3 2
3 6 6 3
5 7 2
3 2
3 6 18 3
( ) ke

VD19. Gii phng trnh
( )
x
x
x
2
2 3 cos 2sin
2 4
1
2cos 1
| |

|
\ .
=

HD.
iu kin: x x k
1
cos 2
2 3
= = + , ( ) ke
( )
| |
+ = = =
|
\ .
x x x x x x 2 3 cos 1 cos 2cos 1 sin 3cos 0 tan 3
2

x x k tan 3
3
= = + , ( ) ke
i chiu iu kin, ta c nghim ca pt l:
= + x k
4
2
3
, ( ) ke .
2
3sin2 2cos 2 + = .
HD.
Pt x x 3sin2 (1 cos2 ) 2 + + = x x 3sin2 cos2 1 + =
x sin 2 sin
6 6
| |
+ =
|
\ .
x x
3 1 1
sin2 cos2
2 2 2
+ =

x k x k
x k
x k
2 2
6 6
2 2
3
6 6

= + = +
= +
+ = +

( ) ke .

VD21. Gii phng trnh osx + 3sinx +1 =0 c
Phng trnh Lng gic

35
1 3 1
cos si n
2 2 2
1
cos cos si n si n
3 3 2
2
cos( ) cos( )
3 3
2
( ) 3
2
x x
x x
x
x k
k
x k

+ =
+ =
=
= +
= +

VD22. Gii phng trnh sin2 3cos2 2 x x + = .
1 3
sin2 cos2 1
2 2
x x + = cos sin2 sin cos2 1
3 3
+ = x x

sin 2 1
3
x
| |
+ =
|
\ .
;( )
12
x k k
= + e .

4. Phng trnh i xng i vi sinx v cosx
Dng: a(sinx +cosx) +bsinxcosx +c =0.
t t = sinx + cosx = 2cos(x -
4
) 2 t s v
2
1
sinxcos
2
t
x

=
Phng trnh cho tr thnh at +b
2
1
2
t
+c =0 bt
2
+2at +2c - b =0.
MR: f(sinx +cosx, sinxcosx) =0.
t t = sinx + cosx = 2cos(x -
4
) 2 t s v
2
1
sinxcos
2
t
x

=
VD1. Gii phng trnh :
+ + = sin2x 2(sinx cosx) 2 0
HD. t
| | t
= + =
|
\ .
t sinx cosx 2cos x
4
. ieu kien: t 2 s .
Phng trnh trthanh :
=
+ =

2
t 1
t 2t 2 1 0
t =-1- 2(loai)

Suy ra
= t
| | t t t

= = + t e
t |

= + t
\ .

x k2
1
cos x x k2 (k )
4 4 4 x k2
2
2

VD2. Gii phng trnh 2(sinx cosx) tgx cotgx + = + .
HD. iu kin: sinx 0,cos 0 x = = .
Phng trnh cho
Phng trnh Lng gic

36
sinx cosx
2(sinx cosx)
cosx sinx
+ = + 2(sinx cosx)sinxcosx 1 + =
at t sinx cosx 2cos x
4
t | |
= + =
|
\ .
. ieu kien: t 2 s .
Phng trnh trthanh :
3 2
t t 2 0 (t 2)(t + 2t +1) =0 t = 2 =
Suy ra
| | t t
= = + t e
|
\ .
cos x 1 x k2 ; (k )
4 4

VD3. Gii phng trnh
3 3
sin x cos x sin2x sinx cosx + = + + .
HD. Phng trnh cho
(sinx cosx)(1 sinxcosx) 2sinxcosx sinx cosx + = + +
t
| | t
= + = =
|
\ .
2
t 1
t sinx cosx 2cos x sinxcosx
4 2
. ieu kien: t 2 s .
Phng trnh trthanh :
=
+ = +
3 2 2
t 1
t 2t t 2 0 (t 1)(t +2t 5) =0 t =1
t 2(loai)
.
Suy ra
t
| | = + t t t t

= = + t e
|

\ .
= t
x k2 1
cos x x k2 (k )
2
4 4 4
2
x k2

VD4. Gii phng trnh
1 1 10
cosx sinx
cosx sinx 3
+ + + =
.
HD. Phng trnh cho

1 10
(sinx cosx) 1
sinxcosx 3
| |
+ + =
|
\ .

t
| | t
= + = =
|
\ .
2
t 1
t sinx cosx 2cos x sinxcosx
4 2
.
ieu kien: t 2 s . Phng trnh trthanh :
+ + =
3 2 2
3t 10t 3t 10 0 (t 2)(3t 4t 5) =0
t =2(loai)
2 19 2 19
t = cos(x )
3 4
3 2
2 19
t = (loai)
3

t
= + t e
2 19
x arcos k2 ; (k )
4
3 2

VD5. Gii phng trnh = 3(cotgx cosx) 5(tgx sinx) 2
Phng trnh Lng gic

37
HD. ieu kien
cosx 0
sinx 0
=

Phng trnh cho

+ + =
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
3(cotgx cosx 1) 5(tgx sinx 1) 0
cosx sinx
3 cosx 1 5 sinx 1 0
sinx cosx
cosx sinxcosx sinx sinx sinxcosx cosx
3 5 0
sinx sinx
+ + | | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

cosx sinxcosx sinx 0 (1)
3 5
(cosx sinxcosx sinx) 0
3 5
sinx cosx (2)
sinx cosx
+ =
| |

+ =
|

=
\ .

t
| | t
= + = s =
|
\ .
2
t 1
t sinx cosx 2cos x t 2,sinxcosx
4 2

=
=
= +
2
t 1 2
(1) t 2t 1 0
t 1 2 (loai)

t t
= = + t e
1 2 1 2
cos(x ) x arccos k2 ; (k )
4 4
2 2

= = = + t e
3 5 3 3
(2) tanx x arctan k , (k )
sinx cosx 5 5

VD6. Gii phng trnh cos2x +cos
2
x +(5 3cosx)(sinx +cosx) 2 =0.
HD. Phng trnh cho 5(sinx +cosx) 3cosxsinx =3
t t = sinx + cosx (- 2 s t s 2), phng trnh tr thnh:
3t
2
10t +30 =0
3( )
1
3
t loai
t
=

sinx +cosx =
1
3
sin
2
4 6
x
| |
+ =
|
\ .

Gii ra ta c:
2
arcsin 2
4 6
3 2
arcsin 2
4 6
x k
x k
= + +
= +
(k e ) .
VD7. Gii phng trnh 3 os5x - 2cos3x +sin5x =0 c .
HD. Phng trnh cho
Phng trnh Lng gic

38

3 1
os5x + sin5 os3x cos 5x - os3x
2 2 6
12
5x - 3 2 (k ).
6
48 4
c x c c
x k
x k
x k

| |
= =
|
\ .
= +
= + e
= +

VD8. Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th phng trnh sau v nghim:
2sin
2
x +msin2x =2m
HD. Phng trnh cho msin2x - cos2x =2m - 1 (1)
Phng trnh (1) v nghim khi ch khi
2 2
0
1 (2 1)
4
3
m
m m
m
<
+ <

>

Cch 2. Phng trnh cho 2sin
2
x +2msinxcosx - 2m =0 (2)
* cosx =0 l nghim ch khi m = 1.
* cosx = 0 m 1 = : (2) 2tan
2
x +2mtanx - 2m(1 +tan
2
x) =0
(1 - m)tan
2
x +mtanx - m =0 (3)
Phng trnh (3) v nghim khi ch khi m
2
+4m(1 - m) <0 4m - 3m
2
<0.
VD9. Gii phng trnh sin2x - cos
2
x =
2
3
.
HD. Phng trnh cho 6sin2x - 3coss2x =7: vn do 6
2
+(-3)
2
=45 <49 =7
2
.
VD10. Gii phng trnh x x x x 2 cos 3 4 cos 2 6 sin 3 2 cos 4
3
+ = +
HD. Phng trnh cho tng ng ( ) x x x x 4 cos 2 6 sin 3 2 cos 3 2 cos 4
3
= +
x x x x x x 4 cos 6 sin
2
3
6 cos
2
1
4 cos 2 6 sin 3 6 cos = + = +

6
cos 6 cos4 6 4 2
3 3
30 5
x k
x x x x k
x k
= +
| |
= = +
|
\ .

= +
( ) ke
VD 11. Gii phng trnh
3 1
8sinx
cosx sinx
= +
HD. K : ( )
sin 0
sin2 0
cos 0 2
x
k
x x k
x

=
= = e

Phng trnh cho
x x x x x x x x cos sin 3 ) 3 cos (cos 2 cos sin 3 sin 2 sin 4 + = + =
Phng trnh Lng gic

39

1 3
6
cos sin cos3 cos cos3
2 2 3
12 2
x k
x x x x x
x k
= +
| |
= + =
|
\ .

= +
( ) ke

VD12. Gii phng trnh x x x x sin 3 cos ) cos 3 (sin 3 + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
x x x x x x x x cos
2
3
sin
2
1
3 cos
2
1
3 sin
2
3
cos 3 sin 3 cos 3 sin 3 + = + =
3 2
6 3 4
sin 3 sin
5 6 3
3 2
24 5 6 3
x x k x k
x x
x k x x k

= + + = +

| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .

= + = +

( ) ke
VD13. Gii phng trnh ( ) 0 2 cos 12 ) sin (cos 12 2 sin cos sin = + + x x x x x x .
HD. Phng trnh cho ( )| | 0 12 ) cos (sin 12 2 sin cos sin = + x x x x x

sin cos 0 (1)
12(sin cos ) sin2 12 0 (2)
x x
x x x
=

+ + =

(1)
k x + =
4
, ( ) ke
(2) ( ) x x t t
t
t
t t cos sin 1
13
1
0 13 12
2
+ = =
=
=
=
sin2 0
2
k
x x

= = , ( ) ke .
Vy phng trnh c nghim l ; , ( )
4 2
k
x k x k

= + = e .

5. Phng trnh a(sinx - cosx) +bsinxcosx +c =0.
t t = sinx - cosx = 2sin(x -
4
) 2 t s v
2
1
sinxcos
2
t
x

= .
Phng trnh cho tr thnh at +b
2
1
2
t
+c =0 bt
2
- 2at - 2c - b =0.
MR. f(sinx - cosx, sinxcosx) =0.
t t = sinx - cosx = 2sin(x -
4
) 2 t s v
2
1
sinxcos
2
t
x

= .
VD1. Cho phng trnhs i n2x 4(cos x si n x) m + =
a) Giai phng trnh tren khi m 4 =
b) Vi giatrnao cua m th phng trnh tren conghiem?
HD.
Phng trnh Lng gic

40
a) Khi m 4 = , phng trnh codang :
sin2x 4(cosx sinx) 4 (1 sin2x) 4(cosx sinx) 3 0 + = + =
2
(cosx sinx) 4(cosx sinx) 3 0 + =
t
= | | = + t t

+ = e
|

=
\ .
= t
cosx sinx 1 x 2k
2cos x 1 (k )
2
4 cosx sinx 3 (vn)
x 2k

b) + = + =
2
sin2x 4(cosx sinx) m (cosx sinx) 4(cosx sinx) m 1 0 (1)
at :
| | t
= = + s =
|
\ .
2
1 t
t cosx sinx 2cos x t 2,sinxcosx
4 2
.
+ =
2
(1) t 4t m 1 0
Neu
/
5 m 0 m 5 A = < > phng trnh vonghiem
Neu
/
5 m 0 m 5 A = > s phng trnh cohai nghiem
= A
= + A >
/
1
/
2
t 2
t 2 2 (loai)

Vay phng trnh conghiem khi ch khi:
/ / /
1
2 t 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 4 2 6 4 2 s = A s s A s + s A s +
s s + s s + 6 4 2 5 m 6 4 2 1 4 2 m 1 4 2.
VD2. Gii phng trnh:
2
sin2 sinx 2cos 0
2
x
x+ =
HD. Phng trnh cho + = sin2x sinx cosx 1 0
t
| | t
= =
|
\ .
t sinx cosx 2sin x
4
, t 2 s , sin2x = 1 - t
2
.
Phng trnh trthanh :
=
+ =

=
2
t 0
1 t t 1 0
t 1

Suy ra:

| | t
t
=
| = + t
\ .
t | | t
= + t =
|

\ .
cos x 1
x k2
4
4
(k )
3
x k cos x 0
4 4

3
x +cos2x 3cosx +2 =0
HD.
Phng trnh cho tng ng 2sin
3
x +cos2x 3cosx +2 =0
2sinx (1-cos
2
x) +2cos
2
x 3cosx +1=0
(1 cosx)[2sinxcosx +2(sinx cosx) +1} =0
Phng trnh Lng gic

41

cos 1 (1)
2sin cos 2(sin cos ) 1 0 (2)
x
x x x x
=
+ + =

(1) x =k2t, k e
Gii(2), t t = sinx cosx (- 2 s t s 2).
Phng trnh (2) tr thnh:
t
2
2t 2 =0
1 3( )
1 3
t loai
t
= +

Vi t = 1 - 3, gii ra ta c:
2 6
arcsin 2
4 2
5 2 6
arcsin 2
4 2
x k
x k

| |
= + +
|
|
\ .
| |
= +
|
|
\ .
(k e )
Vy, nghim ca phng trnh cho l:
2
2 6
arcsin 2
4 2
5 2 6
arcsin 2
4 2
x k
x k
x k
| |
= + +
|
|
\ .
| |
= +
|
|
\ .
(k e ).
VD4. Tm nghim ca phng trnh 1 +cosx +cos2x =sinx +sin2x +sin3x tha
mn iu kin 3
2 2
x

< s .
HD. Ta c:
3
2 2
x

< s

3
2
3
6 2 0
2
6
0 3
2 2
3
3 2 2 2
3
3
2 2
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x
x
s s
s s

s
s <

< <

< s >
>

>

(*)
Phng trnh cho tng ng 2cos
2
x +cosx =2sin2xcosx +2sinxcosx
Phng trnh Lng gic

42
osx =0 (1)
4sinxcosx +(sinx - cosx) =1 (2)
c

(1) 2 x k =
Vi (2): t t = sinx - cosx = 2sin(x -
4
) 2 t s v
2
1
sinxcos
2
t
x

= .
(2) tr thnh 2(t
2
- 1)+t =1 2t
2
+t - 3 =0 t =1
2
2
4 4
2
3
2 2
4 4
x k
x k
x k x k

= +
= +
= + = +

(ke )
Vi (*) ta c x =
2
.
VD5. Gii phng trnh |
.
|
\
|
+ =
4
sin 2 7 cos 2 sin 3 sin 2 sin 3 2 cos 8

x x x x x x .
HD. Phng trnh cho
( )| | 0 7 2 sin 3 ) sin (cos 8 sin cos = + + x x x x x

sin cos 0 (2)
8(cos sin ) 3sin2 7 0 (3)
x x
x x x
+ =

+ =

(2)
k x + =
4
, ( ) ke .
(3) : t t =
2 2
cos sin ; ( 2) 1 sin2 sin2 1 (4) x x t t x x t s = =
(3)
3
2
3
2
2
0 4 8 3
2
=
=
=
= + + t
t
t
t t , thay vo (4):
sin2x =
+ =
+ =
k x
k x
9
5
arcsin
2
9
5
arcsin
2
1
9
5
( ) ke .
VD6. Gii phng trnh 0 2 cos 2 sin sin
2 3
= + + x x x .
HD. Phng trnh cho
0 ) 1 cos sin cos )(sin cos 1 ( = + + x x x x x

=
=
= + +
=
2
2
0 1 cos sin cos sin
1 cos
k
x
k x
x x x x
x
( ) ke
VD7. Gii phng trnh 12 cos sin ) 2 sin cos (sin 12 cos sin
2 2
= + + x x x x x x x .
HD. Phng trnh cho
Phng trnh Lng gic

43

( )| |
= +
=
= +
0 12 ) cos (sin 12 cos sin
0 cos sin
0 12 ) cos (sin 12 cos sin cos sin
x x x x
x x
x x x x x x

=
=
2
4
k
x
x
( ) ke .
VD8. Gii phng trnh 1 ) 1 (sin 2 sin 2 cos cos sin sin
2
= + + x x x x x x .
HD. Phng trnh cho
( ) 0 ) 1 (sin 2 sin 2 ) cos cos (sin 1 sin
2
= + x x x x x x

( )( ) ( )
( )( )
= + +
=
= + +
= + +
0 1 2 sin 2 cos sin
1 sin
0 1 2 sin 2 cos sin 1 sin
0 ) 1 (sin 2 sin 2 1 sin cos 1 sin 1 sin
x x x
x
x x x x
x x x x x x

VD9. Gii phng trnh 0 sin cos 2 cos ) 1 cos (sin = + x x x x x .
HD. Phng trnh cho
( )( ) ( ) 0 sin cos sin cos 1 cos sin
2 2
= + x x x x x x
( )( )( ) ( ) 0 sin cos sin cos sin cos 1 cos sin = + + x x x x x x x x
| ( )( ) | 0 1 sin cos 1 cos sin ) sin (cos = + + x x x x x x

cos sin 0 (1)
(sin cos 1)(cos sin ) 1 0 (2)
x x
x x x x
=

+ + =

(1)
k x + =
4
, ( ) ke
Gii (2): t t = sinx +cosx ( 2 s t ) ; 1 2 sin 2 sin 1
2 2
= + = t x x t (3)
(2) 0 1 . 1
2
1
2
= +
|
|
.
|
\
|
t
t
0 2 3
3
= + t t 0 ) 2 )( 1 (
2
= + t t t
1
2
1
=
=
=
t
t
t
thay vo (3) th sin2x =0
2
k
x= , ( ) ke

6. Phng trnh asin
2
x +bcos
2
x +csinxcosx =d.
Cch 1. H bc.
Phng trnh tng ng:

1 os2 1 os2 1
sin2
2 2 2
( ) os2 sin2
c x c x
a b c x d
b a c x c x d a b
+
+ + =
+ =

Cch 2.
- Xt cosx =0, nu a = d th x =
2
k
+ l nghim.
- Chia 2 v ca phng trnh cho cosx = 0, ta c:
Phng trnh Lng gic

44
atan
2
x +b +ctanx = d(1 +tan
2
x)
VD1. Gii phng trnh
2 2
6sin sinxcos os 2 x x c x + = .
HD. Xt cos x =0 th sin
2
x =1 khng tha phng trnh.
Chia hai v cho cos
2
x ta c: 6tan
2
x +tanx - 1 =2(1 +tan
2
x)
2
tanx 1
4
4tan tanx 3 0 ( )
3
3 tanx
arctan
4
4
x k
x k
x k
= = +

+ = e
=

= +

VD2. Gii phng trnh
2 2
2sin 3sinxcos 5 os 1 x x c x + =
2
Chia hai v cho cos
2
x ta c: 2tan
2
x -3 tanx +5 =1 +tan
2
x
2
tan 3tanx +4 0 x = : vn.
2
x +sinxcosx - cos
2
x =2.
2
Chia hai v cho cos
2
x ta c: 6tan
2
x - tanx - 1 =2(1 +tan
2
x)
4tan
2
x - tanx - 3 =0
tanx =- 1
4
( ).
3
3 tanx =
arctan
4
4
x k
k
x k
= +

= +

VD4. Tm cc nghim thuc on [0; ] ca phng trnh:

2 2
4sin 3 3sin2 2cos 4 x x x + = .
2
Chia hai v cho cos
2
x ta c: 4tan
2
x +6 3tanx - 2 =4(1 +tan
2
x)
3tanx = 1
1
tanx = , ( ).
6 3
x k k
= + e
VD5. Chng minh rng vi mi m, phng trnh sau lun c nghim :
msin
2
x - (2m +1)sinxcosx +(m +1)cos
2
x =0.
2
x =1 tha phng trnh ch khi m = 0
cosx = 0 th m = 0, phng trnh tng ng:
mtan
2
x - (2m +1)tanx +m +1 =0
Thy ngay phng trnh ny lun c nghim tanx = 1.
VD6. Gii phng trnh x x x
2 2
3sin 2sin2 7cos 0 + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho x x x x
2 2
3sin 4sin .cos 7cos 0 + = (*)
+Vi x cos 0 = , ta thy khng tho PT (*)
+Vi x cos 0 = , chia 2 v ca PT (*) cho x
2
cos , ta c:
(*) x x
2
3tan 4tan 7 0 + =
x
x
tan 1
7
tan
3
=

x k
x k
4
7
arctan
3
= +
| |
= +
|
\ .
( ) ke
Phng trnh Lng gic

45
2 2
3
4sin sin2 cos 0
2
= .
2 2
4sin 3sin .cos cos 0 = (*)
+Vi x cos 0 = th (*) x sin 0 = (v l) x cos 0 = khng tho (*)
+Vi x cos 0 = . Chia 2 v ca (*) cho x
2
cos , ta c:
(*) x x
2
4tan 3tan 1 0 =
x
x
tan 1
1
tan
4
=

x k
x k
4
1
arctan
4
= +
| |
= +
|
\ .
( ) ke
Vy PT c nghim: x k x k
1
; arctan
4 4

| |
= + = +
|
\ .

2 2
5sin 4sin2 6cos 2 + + = .
HD.
x x x
2 2
5sin 4sin2 6cos 2 + + = x x x x
2 2
3sin 8sin .cos 4cos 0 + + = (1)
+Vi x cos 0 = , ta thy khng tho (1)
+Vi x cos 0 = , chia 2 v ca (*) cho x
2
cos , ta c:
(1) x x
2
3tan 8tan 4 0 + + =
x
x
tan 2
2
tan
3
=

x k
x k
arctan( 2)
2
arctan
3
= +
| |
= +
|
\ .
( ) ke .
VD9. Gii phng trnh
2 2
4sin 2sin2 2cos 1 x x x + + =
2 2
3sin 4sin cos cos 0 x x x x + + =
*) cos 0
2
= = + x x m khng tha phng trnh.

**) cos 0
2
= = + x x m .
Phng trnh cho x x
2
3tan 4tan 1 0 + + =
tan 1
4
( )
1
1
tan
arctan
3
3
x k
x
k
x
x k
= +
=

| | =

= +
|
\ .
.
VD10. Gii phng trnh x x x x
2 2
sin sin cos 4cos 1 0 + + = .
HD.
+D thy cosx =0 khng tha mn phng trnh cho
+Vi cosx = 0, ta c:
x x
2
2tan tan 3 0 + =
x k x
x
x k
tan 1
4
3
3 tan
arctan
2
2
= + =

| | =

= +
|

\ .
( ) ke .
Phng trnh Lng gic

46
2
x +sinxcosx +3sin
2
x =3
HD. +cosx =0 th 1 sin
2
= x nghim ng phng trnh (2).
Vy (2) c nghim
k x + =
2
.
+ 0 cos = x . Chia hai v PT(2) cho x
2
cos v thay x
x
2
2
tan 1
cos
1
+ = , t t = tanx
Ta c : k x x t t t t + = = = + = + + 2 arctan 2 tan 2 ) 1 ( 3 3 1
2 2
, ( ) ke
2
x +sinxcosx +3sin
2
x =3
HD. + cosx =0 th 1 sin
2
= x nghim ng phng trnh (2).
Vy (2) c nghim
k x + =
2
.
+ 0 cos = x . Chia hai v PT(2) cho x
2
cos , ddawtj tanx =t.
Ta c : k x x t t t t + = = = + = + + 2 arctan 2 tan 2 ) 1 ( 3 3 1
2 2
, ( ) ke
VD13. Giai phng trnh 4sin
2
x 3sinxcosx +
( )
3 4 + cos
2
x =4.
HD.
+Xt cosx =0 th 1 sin
2
= x nghim ng phng trnh .
Vy phng trnh c nghim
k x + =
2
.
+Xt 0 cos = x . Chia hai v PT(2) cho x
2
cos v thay x
x
2
2
tan 1
cos
1
+ = , t t =
tanx :
Ta c

k x x t t t t + = = = + = + +
6 6
tan tan
3
3
) 1 ( 4 4 3 3 4
2 2

Vy PT (2) c hai h nghim l :
k x + =
2
; ; ( )
6
x k k
= + e
2
x - 3sin2x =1 +sin
2
x.
HD. Phng trnh cho
( ) 1 2 sin 3 2 cos 1 2 sin 3 sin cos
2 2
= = x x x x x

3
cos
3
2 cos
2
1
2 sin
2
3
2 cos
2
1
= |
.
|
\
|
+ = x x x
VD15. Giai phng trnh 10cos
2
x 5sinxcosx +3sin
2
x =4.
HD. Phng trnh cho
3 ) 2 cos 1 (
2
3
2 sin
2
5
) 2 cos 1 ( 5 = + + x x x
7 2 sin 5 2 cos 7 = x x

7. Phng trnh:
asin
3
x +bcos
3
x +csin
2
xcosx +dsinxcos
2
x +dsinx +ecosx =0.
- Xt cosx =0, sinx = 1.
- Chia hai v ca phng trnh cho cos
3
x, ta c phng trnh bc ba ca tanx.
Phng trnh Lng gic

47
VD1. Gii phng trnh
3
sin x 2sinx
4
t
| |
=
|
\ .
(*) .
HD. Ta co 2sin x sinx cosx
4
t | |
=
|
\ .
, phng trnh cho:
3 3 3 3
1
2 2sin x (sinx cosx) sin x (sinx cosx)
4 4
2 2
t t | | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

x 4 x x x 2 x x
2 2
1
3 3
sin ) cos (sin sin ) cos (sin (*) = =
: co ta cos cho trnh phng cua ve hai Chia . trnh phng man thoa khong cos 0 x 0 x
3
= =
3 2 2
(tan 1) 4tan (1 tan ) (tan 1)(3tan 1) 0 tan 1
(k )
4
x x x x x x
x k

= + + + = =
= + e

VD2. Gii phng trnh x x x x
2
cos cos sin tan = .
Cch 1.
+ K:
m x + =
2
.
Phng trnh cho x x x x
3 2
cos cos sin sin = (1).
+cosx =0 khng tha (1) .
+cosx = 0, chia hai v (1) cho cos
3
x c :

2
tan (1 tan ) tan 1 tan 1
4
x x x x x k
+ = = = + , ( ) ke
Cch 2.
Phng trnh cho x x x x x
3 3 3 2
cos sin cos ) cos 1 ( sin = =

k x x x + = = =
4
1 tan 1 tan
3
, ( ) ke

VD3. Gii phng trnh x x x cos sin cos
3
+ = .
Cch 1.

+cosx =0 khng tha phng trnh cho.
+cosx = 0, chia hai v phng trnh cho cho cos
3
x :
) tan 1 ( ) tan 1 ( tan 1
2
x x x + + + =
3
2
tan 0
tan 2tanx 0 tan 0
tan 2 0 (vn)
x
x x x k
x

=
+ = = =
+ =
,( ) ke
Cch 2.
0 ) 1 cos (sin sin 0 sin sin cos sin ) 1 (cos cos
2 2
= + = + = x x x x x x x x x

sin 0
sin (sin2 2) 0 sin 0
sin2 2 0 (vn)
x
x x x x k
x

=
+ = = =
+ =
, ( ) ke
VD4. Gii phng trnh 0 cos 2 cos sin cos 2 sin 3
2 3 3
= + + x x x x x .
Cch 1.
+ cosx =0 khng tha.
+ cosx = 0, chia hai v phng trnh cho cho cos
3
x c :
Phng trnh Lng gic

48
0 ) 3 ( 3 0 3 3 ) tan 1 ( 2 tan 2 tan 3
2 2 3 2 2 3
= + = + + + + t t t t x x x

+ =
=
=
=
=
=
k x
k x
x
x
t
t
3
3 tan
0 tan
3
0
( ) ke
Cch 2.
Phng trnh cho ( ) 0 ) cos 1 ( cos 2 cos sin sin 3
2 2 3
= + + x x x x x
( ) 0 cos 3 sin 3 sin 0 sin cos 2 ) cos sin 3 ( sin
2 2 2
= + = + + x x x x x x x x

+ =
=
=
=
= +
=
k x
k x
x
k x
x x
x
3
3 tan 0 cos 3 sin
0 sin
( ) ke
VD5. Gii phng trnh 3cos
4
x 4sin
2
xcos
2
x +sin
4
x =0.
Cch 1.
+cosx =0 th sinx = 1 khng tha phng trnh.
+cosx 0 = : Chia hai v cho cos
4
x ta c:

4
2
tanx=1
tan 4tan 3 0
tanx=3
x x

+ =

Cch 2.
Phng trnh cho 0 ) sin cos (sin ) cos sin 3 cos 3 (
4 2 2 2 2 4
= x x x x x x
0 ) sin (cos sin ) sin (cos cos 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
= x x x x x x
=
=
=
3 tan
0 2 cos
0 ) sin cos 3 ( 2 cos
2 2
x
x
x x x

2
x +cot
2
x) +c =0.
t t = tanx + cotx
2
tan .tanx 1 0, 2 x t t + = > , tan
2
x +cot
2
x =t
2
- 2
VD. Gii phng trnh
(1) ) cot (
sin
0 4 gx tgx 5 x tg 2
x
2
2
2
= + + + +

HD. ieu kien : sin cos 0 sin2 0 (k )
2
k
x x x x

= = = e
2 2
(1) 2(1 cot ) 2tan 5(tan cot ) 4 0 x x x x + + + + + =
0 4 gx tgx 5 2 gx tgx 2 0 4 gx tgx 5 x g x tg 2
2 2 2
= + + + + = + + + + ) cot ( ] ) cot [( ) cot ( ) cot (
2
2(tan cot ) 5(tan cot ) 0 x x x x + + + = (1)
at
2 2 2 2
tan cot (tan cot ) tan cot 2 t x x t x x x x = + = + = + +
2 2
tan cot 2 x x = + + 4 2 x g x tg 2
2 2
= + > cot
s
>
> >
2 t
2 t
2 t 4 t
2
.
+ = =
2
5
(1) 2t 5t 0 t
2
hoc t = 0 (loi)
Phng trnh Lng gic

49
Khi
2 2
5 sin cos 5 1
2(sin cos ) 5sin cos sin2
2 cos sin 2 5
x x
t x x x x x
x x
= + = + = =
| |
= + t
|
\ .
| | t
= + t
|
\ .
1 1
x arcsin - k
2 5
(k )
1 1
x arcsin - k
2 2 5

2
x +cot
2
x) +c =0
t t = tanx - cotx
2
tan .tanx - 1 0, x t = Phng trnh c nghim vi mi t.
tan
2
x +cot
2
x =t
2
+2.
Phng trnh cho tng ng: at + b(t
2
+2) +c =0
VD. Gii phng trnh 3tan
2
x +4tanx - 4cotx +3cot
2
x - 13 =0.
HD. t t = tanx - cotx
2
tan .tanx - 1 0 x t = . Phng trnh c nghim vi mi t.
tan
2
x +cot
2
x =t
2
+2.
Phng trnh cho tng ng: 4t + 3(t
2
+2) - 13 =0
3t
2
+4t - 7 =0 t =1 hoc t = -
7
3

- t =1:
2
1 5 1 5
tanx arctan
2 2
tan tanx - 1 0 (k )
1 5 1 5
tanx arctan
2 2
x k
x
x k

= = +

= e

+ +
= = +

- t =
7
3
:
2
7 85 7 85
tanx arctan
6 6
3tan 7tanx - 3 0 (k )
7 85 7 85
tanx arctan
6 6
x k
x
x k

= = +

+ = e

+ +
= = +


10.1. Bin i vtch.
VD1. Gii phng trnh:
1 1
2 2sin x
4 sinx cosx
t | |
+ = +
|
\ .
.
2sin x
sinx cosx 4
2 2sin(x ) 2 2sin x
4 sinxcosx 4 sinxcosx
t | |
+
|
t + t | | \ .
+ = + =
|
\ .

t t
| || | + = = + t t

+ =
| |

\ .\ .
= =

sin(x ) 0 x k 1
2sin x 2 0
4 4
4 sinxcosx
2sinxcosx 1 sin2x 1

Phng trnh Lng gic

50
t
= + t
t
= + t e
t
= + t
x k
4
x k ; (k )
4
x k
4
tha iu kin.
VD2. Gii phng trnh cos4x sinx sin7x cos2x = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
cos4x cos2x sin7x sinx 2cos3xcosx 2sin4xcos3x + = + =
t
= + t
t = | |
=
|
\ .
3x k
cos3x 0
2
sin4x cosx
sin4x sin x
2

t t t t
= + = +

t t t

= + t = + e

t t t

= t + + t = +

x k x k
6 3 6 3
2
4x x k2 x k (k )
2 10 5
2
4x x k2 x k
2 6 3

VD3. Gii phng trnh sinx 2cosx cos2x 2sinxcosx 0 + + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2
sinx 1 2sin x 2cosx(1 sinx) 0 + + =
=
=

+ + = | | t

+ = + =
|

\ .
sinx 1
sinx 1
(1 sinx)(2sinx 2cosx 1) 0
1
sin x 2(sinx cosx) 1
4
2 2

= + t
| | t
= + + t e
|
\ .
| | t
= + t
|
\ .
x 2k
2
1
x arcsin 2k (k )
4
2 2
3 1
x arcsin 2k
4
2 2
.
VD4. Gii phng trnh
4 6
cos x sin x cos2x + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
4 6 4 4 6 4
cos x sin x cos x sin x sin x sin x 0 + = + =
=
+ = = t
+ =
4 2
2
sinx 0
sin x(sin x 1) 0 x k
1 sin x 0 (vn)
; ( ) ke
VD5. Gii phng trnh
x 3x x 3x 1
cosx.cos .cos sinx.sin .sin
2 2 2 2 2
=
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
Phng trnh Lng gic

51
1 1 1
cosx(cosx cos2x) sinx(cosx cos2x)
2 2 2
+ =
+ + =
+ = +
2
2
cos x cosxcos2x sinxcosx sinxcos2x 1
cosxcos2x sinxcos2x sin x sinxcosx
cos2x(cosx sinx) sinx(sinx cosx) (cosx sinx)(cos2x sinx) 0 + = + + =
2 2
(cosx sinx)(1 2sin x sinx) 0 (cosx sinx)(2sin x sinx 1) 0 + = + + =
t
= + t
=
= + t
= e
= + t
=

t
= + t
x k
4
tgx 1
x k2
2
sinx 1 (k )
x k2 1
sinx 6
2
5
x k2
6

VD6. Gii phng trnh
6 6
16(sin x cos x 1) 3sin6x + =
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 3
3
16 1 sin 2x 1 3(3sin2x 4sin 2x)
4
| |
=
|
\ .

3 2 2
4sin 2x 4sin 2x 3sin2x 0 sin2x(4sin 2x 4sin2x 3) 0 + = + =
=
+ = =
2
sin2x 0
sin2x(4sin 2x 4sin2x 3) 0 sin2x 1/ 2
sin2x 3/ 2 (vn)
t t t
= = + t = + t e
k 5
x ,x k ,x k ; (k )
2 12 12

VD7. Gii phng trnh + = + (1 tgx)(1 sin2x) 1 tgx (1).
HD. ieu kien :cosx 0 =
+ +
=
+ = +
2
2
(cosx sinx)(cosx sinx) cosx sinx
(1)
cosx cosx
(cosx sinx)(cosx sinx) cosx sinx

+ = = t
= + t = t e

= =

2 2
cosx sinx 0 tgx 1
x k ,x k ; (k )
4 cos2x 1 cos x sin x 1

VD8. Gii phng trnh
2 2 2
3
sin x sin 2x sin 3x
2
+ + =

HD. Phng trnh cho
cos2x cos4x cos6x 0 cos4x(2cos2x 1) 0 + + = + =
t t t
= v = = + = + t
1 k
cos4x 0 cos2x x ,x k ;
2 8 4 3
( ) ke
Phng trnh Lng gic

52
VD9. Gii phng trnh
| | t
+ =
|
\ .
1 1
2 2cos x
4 sinx cosx
.
Phng trnh cho
| | t
+
|
| | | | t t
\ .
+ = + =
| |
\ . \ .
2cos x
4 cosx sinx
2 2cos x 2 2cos x
4 sinxcosx 4 sinxcosx

| | | | t t
| | t
+ = + =
+ = | |
|
\ . \ .
\ .

= =

=
= =

cos x 0 cos x 0
cos x 0
4 4
4
sinxcosx 0 sin2x 0
1
2
2sinxcosx 1 sin2x 1 sinxcosx

| | t t
= + t = = =
|
\ .
t
= + t
=
t t
= = + t = + t

x k2 sin2x sin 1 0
4 2
x k
sin2x 0
4
sin2x 1 2x 2k x k
2 4
; ( ) ke
VD10. Gii phng trnh cosx cos2x cos3x cos4x 0 + + + =
HD. Phng trnh cho
= =
cosx 0
5x x 5x
4cosx.cos .cos 0 cos 0
2 2 2
x
cos 0
2
.
t t t
= + t = + = t+ t
2k
x k ,x ,x 2k ;
2 5 5
( ) ke
VD11. Gii phng trnh
2 2 2
sin x cos 2x cos 3x = + .
HD. Phng trnh cho
1 cos2x 1 cos4x 1 cos6x
(cos2x cos4x) (1 cos6x) 0
2 2 2
+ +
= + + + + =
2
2cos3xcosx 2cos 3x 0 2cos3x(cosx cos3x) 0 4cos3x.cos2x.cosx 0 + = + = =

Phng trnh Lng gic

53

t t
= +
=
t t

= = + e
= + t
k
x
6 3
cos3x 0
k
cos2x 0 x (k )
4 2
cosx 0
x k
2

VD12. Gii phng trnh
6 6 8 8
sin x cos x 2(sin x cos x) + = + .
HD. Phng trnh cho
6 2 6 2
sin x(1 2sin x) cos x(2cos x 1) 0 + =
6 6
k
cos2x(sin x cos x) 0 cos2x 0 x
4 2
t t
+ = = = + ; ( ) ke
VD13. Gii phng trnh
x 2
8
13
x x
2 6 6
cos sin cos =
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
x 2
8
13
x x
2 3 2 3 2
cos ) (sin ) (cos =
x 2
8
13
x x x x x x
2 2 2 4 4 2 2
cos ) cos sin sin )(cos sin (cos = + +
x 2 13 x 2 2 8 x 2 x 2
8
13
x 2
4
1
x 2
2
1
1 x 2
2 2 2 2 2
cos ) sin ( cos cos ) sin sin ( cos = = +
= +
=
=
=
=
=
0 6 x 2 13 x 2 2
0 x 2
x 2 13 x 2 1 2 8
0 x 2
x 2 13 x 2 2 8
0 x 2
2 2 2
cos cos
cos
cos ) cos (
cos
cos sin
cos

cos2 0
1
cos2
2
cos2 6( )
x
x
x vn
=
, (k )
4 2 6
x k x k

= + = + e
VD14. Gii phng trnh ) cos (sin cos sin x x 2 x x
5 5 3 3
+ = + .
C1. phng trnh cho tng ng:
3 5 5 3
sin 2sin 2cos cos x x x x =
3 2 3 2 3 3
3 3
sin (1 2sin ) cos (2cos 1) sin cos2 cos cos2
os2 ( os sin ) 0
x x x x x x x x
c x c x x
= =
=

= = = t t t
= + = + t

= = =

t t
= + e
3 3 3
cos2x 0 cos2x 0 cos2x 0
x m ,x k
4 2 4 tgx 1 sin x cos x tg x 1
x m (m )
4 2

C2. ) cos (sin cos sin x x 2 x x
5 5 3 3
+ = +
) cos (sin ) cos )(sin cos (sin x x 2 x x x x
5 5 2 2 3 3
+ = + +
Phng trnh Lng gic

54
3 2 3 2 5 5
3 2 2 3 2 2
sin cos cos sin sin cos
sin (cos sin ) cos (cos sin )
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
+ = +
=

=
=
=
=
=
x x
0 x x
0 x x
0 x x
0 x x x x
2 2
3 3
2 2
3 3 2 2
sin cos
sin cos
sin cos
sin cos
) sin )(cos sin (cos
2 2
2 2
cos sin 0
cos sin 0 cos2 0 (k )
4 2 cos sin
x x
x x x x k
x x
=
= = = + e

VD15. Gii phng trnh x 3 x 2 x
2 2 2
cos cos sin + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
0 x 6 1 x 2 x 4
2
x 6 1
2
x 4 1
2
x 2 1
= + + +
) cos ( ) cos (cos

cos cos cos

0 x x 2 x 3 4 0 x 3 x x 3 2 0 x 3 2 x x 3 2
2
= = + = + cos cos cos ) cos (cos cos cos cos cos
cos 0
cos2 0 , , (k )
2 4 2 6 3
cos3 0
x
x x k x k x k
x

= = + = + = + e

VD16. Gii phng trnh
4 4
1 2(sin cos ) x x = + .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 4 2 4
sin 2sin 2cos cos x x x x =
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
sin (1 2sin ) cos (2cos 1) sin cos2 cos cos2
os2 ( os sin ) 0 os 2 0 os2 0 ; (k )
4 2
x x x x x x x x
c x c x x c x c x x k

= =
= = = = + e

Cch 2.
4 4 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
1 2(sin cos ) 1 2((sin os ) 2sin cos )
1 2 sin 2 os 2 0.
x x x c x x x
x c x
= + = +
= =

VD17. Gii phng trnh 0 x 5 x 3 3
4 4
= cos sin
0 x 5 x x 2 1 3 3 0 x 5 x 1 3 3
4 4 2 4 2 2
= + = cos ) cos cos ( cos ) cos (
=
=
= +
=
=
=
=
1 x 2 2
0 x
3 x 2 1 2
0 x
3 x 4
0 x
x 6 x 8
2 2
2
2
2 4
cos
cos
) cos (
cos
cos
cos
cos cos
=
t t t t
= + t = + t = + t = + t e
cosx 0
x k , 2x k2 x k , x k ;(k )
1
2 3 2 6 cos2x
2

VD18. Gii phng trnh + = + 3sinx 2cosx 2 3tanx.
HD. K: cos 0 x= .
Phng trnh cho
+ = + + = + 3tanxcosx 2cosx 2 3tanx cosx(3tanx 2) 2 3tanx. at : = t tanx
| |
= + t + = =
|
e
\ .
=
= t

2
2
x arctan k 3tanx 2 0 tanx
(k ) 3
3
cosx 1
cosx 1
x 2k

Phng trnh Lng gic

55
VD19. Gii phng trnh
3
4cos x 3 2sin2x 8cosx + =
HD. Phng trnh cho
3 2
4cos x 6 2sinxcosx 8cosx 2cosx(2cos x 3 2sinx 4) 0 + = + =
+ = = = =
2
2
2cosx(2sin x 3 2sinx 2) 0 cosx 0,sinx 2 (vn),sinx
2

t t t
= + t = + t = + t
3
x k ,x 2k ,x 2k ;
2 4 4
( ) ke
VD20. Gii phng trnh
8 8 6 6
2(sin x cos x) sin x cos x + = +
HD. Phng trnh cho
8 6 6 8
2cos x cos x sin x 2sin x =
6 2 6 2 6 6
cos x(2cos x 1) sin x(1 2sin x) cos xcos2x sin xcos2x = =
t t
= +
= = = t t
= + e

= t = =

= + t
6 6 6
x m
cos2x 0 cos2x 0 cos2x 0
4 2
x m ; (m )
4 2 tanx 1 sin x cos x tan x 1
x k
4
VD21. Gii phng trnh

8 8 10 10
5
sin x cos x 2(sin x cos x) cos2x
4
+ = + +
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
10 8 8 8
5
2cos x cos x 2sin x sin x cos2x 0
4
+ + =
+ =
+ =
8 2 8 2
8 8
5
cos x(2cos x 1) sin x(1 2sin x) cos2x 0
4
5
cos xcos2x sin xcos2x cos2x 0
4

=
| |

+ =
|

= + >
\ .

t t
= +
8 8
8 8
cos2x 0
5
cos2x cos x sin x 0
5
4 sin x cos x 1 vo nghiem
4
k
x
4 2
, (ke )
VD22. Gii phng trnh
3
2cos x cos2x sinx 0 + + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
3 2 2
2cos x 2cos x 1 sinx 0 2cos x(1 cosx) (1 sinx) 0 + + = + =
(1 sinx)(cosx sinx)(cosx sinx 2) 0 (1 sinx)(cosx sinx) 0 + + + = + =
t
= + t
=
e
= t

= + t
x k2
sinx 1
2
(k )
tanx 1
x k
4

VD23. Gii phng trnh 9sinx 6cosx 3sin2x cos2x 8 + + = .
Phng trnh Lng gic

56
HD. Phng trnh cho
2
9sinx 6cosx 6sinxcosx 1 2sin x 8 + + =
+ + =
+ =
2
2sin x 9sinx 7 6cosx(sinx 1) 0
(sinx 1)(2sinx 7) 6cosx(sinx 1) 0

=
+ =

+ =
t
= + t e
sinx 1
(sinx 1)(2sinx 6cosx 7) 0
2sinx 6cosx 7 (vn)
x 2k ; (k )
2

VD24. Gii phng trnh 4cosx 2cos2x cos4x 1 = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2
4cosx 2cos2x 1 cos4x 4cosx 2cos2x 2cos 2x = + + = +
2
cosx 0
4cosx 2cos2x(1 cos2x) 4cosx 4cos2xcos x
cos2xcosx 1
=
= + =

=

- cosx 0 x k
2
t
= = + t
-
= =

= =

=

= =

= =

= = t e
2
cosx 1 cosx 1
cos2x 1 2cos x 1 1
cos2xcosx 1
cosx 1 cosx 1
(vn)
cos2x 1 cos2x 1
cosx 1 x 2k ; (k )

VD25. Gii phng trnh + + =
2
sinx sinx sin x cosx 1 (1)
HD. ieu kien :sinx 0 >
+ = + + + = + +
2 2
1 1
(1) sinx sinx cos x cosx sinx sinx cos x cosx
4 4

2 2
1 1
sinx cosx
sinx cosx
1 1
2 2
sinx cosx
1 1 2 2
cosx sinx 1
sinx cosx
2 2
+ = +

=
| | | |
+ = +
| |
\ . \ . = +
+ =

>
> >

+ =
= =

=

= + = +

=

>

+
= + t
+

= >
= t+ t
= t+ t
2
2 2
cosx 0
cosx 0 cosx 0
sin x sinx 1 0
sinx cos x sinx 1 sin x
sinx 0
cosx sinx 1 cosx sinx 1
cosx 1
cosx 0
1 5
x arcsin k2
1 5
sinx (v sinx 0) 2
2
x 2k
x 2k
(k )

Phng trnh Lng gic

57
VD26. Gii phng trnh
1 1 1
cosx sin2x sin4x
+ = .
HD. ieu kien :sin4x 0 =
1 1 1 1 1 1
cosx sin2x sin4x cosx 2sinxcosx 2sinxcosxcos2x
+ = + =
2
2sinxcos2x cos2x 1 0 2sinxcos2x 1 cos2x 2sinxcos2x 2sin x + = = =
sinx 0 (loai)
2k
x x 2k
cos2x sinx cos x 6 3 2
2
=
t t t
= + v = + t
t | |
= =
|
\ .

VD27. Gii phng trnh
2 2 2
sin x cos 2x cos 3x = + .
HD. Phng trnh cho
1 cos2x 1 cos4x 1 cos6x
cos2x cos4x 1 cos6x 0
2 2 2
+ +
= + + + + =
2
2cos3xcosx 2cos 3x 0 2cos3x(cosx cos3x) 0 4cos3xcos2xcosx 0 + = + = =

t t
= +
t t
= + e
= + t
x k
6 3
x k (k )
4 2
x k
2

VD28. Gii phng trnh
| | t
+ = +
|
\ .
1 1
2 2sin x (1)
4 sinx cosx

HD. ieu kien :
cosx 0
k
sin2x 0 x
sinx 0 2
= t
= =

+ = = +
+ =

= =

sinx cosx 0 tanx 1 sinx cosx
(1) 2(sinx cosx)
sinxcosx sin2x 1 sin2x 1

t
= + t
t t
= + e
t
= + t
x k
n
4
x ; (n )
4 2
x m
4

VD29. Gii phng trnh + = + tanx cot x 2(sin2x cos2x)
HD. ieu kien :
cosx 0
sin2x 0
sinx 0
=
=

+ = + + = +
= +
sinx cosx
tanx cotx 2(sin2x cos2x) 2(sin2x cos2x)
cosx sinx
1
2(sin2x cos2x)
sinxcosx

Phng trnh Lng gic

58
2
2
2(sin2x cos2x) 1 sin2x(sin2x cos2x) 1 sin 2x sin2xcos2x
sin2x
= + = + = +
t t
= +
=
= e
t t =

= +
2
k
x
cos2x 0
4 2
cos 2x sin2xcos2x (k )
k tg2x 1
x
8 2

VD30. Gii phng trnh
4sin2x 3cos2x 3(4sinx 1) =
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
2
8sinxcosx 3(1 2sin x) 12sinx 3 =
=
+ =

+ = + = < =
2 2 2
sinx 0
sinx(4cosx 3sinx 6) 0
4cosx 3sinx 6 (vn v a b 25 c 36)

x k = t ; (ke )
VD31. Gii phng trnh = +
3
tanx cotx 2cot 2x
HD. ieu kien :
=
t
= = =
cosx 0
k
sinx 0 sin2x 0 x
2
sin2x 0

= + =
= =
3 3
3 3
sinx cosx
tanx cotx 2cot 2x 2cot 2x
cosx sinx
2cos2x
2cot 2x cot2x cot 2x
sin2x
= t t t
= + t = + e
2
cot2x 0 k
2x k x ; (k )
2 4 2 cot 2x 1 (vn)

VD32. Gii phng trnh
3
si n x 2 si n x
4
t | |
=
|
\ .
(1)
Cch 1. t
4
x t
=
| | t
= + = +
|
\ .
= + + =
=

+ =
3 3
2
(1) si n t 2 si n t si n t si n t cos t
4
si n t(1 cos t) si n t cos t cos t(1 si n t cos t) 0
cos t 0 (2)

1 si n t cos t 0 (3)

(3)
1
1 sin2 0 sin2 2
2
t t + = = (vn)
(2)
3
; (k )
2 4
t k x k

= + = + e .
Cch 2. Ta co: 2sin x sinx cosx
4
t | |
=
|
\ .

3 2
(1) (sin cos ) 4sin (sin cos )(sin cos ) 4sin x x x x x x x x = =
Phng trnh Lng gic

59
2 2
(sin cos )(1 2sin cos ) 4sin
cos 3sin 2sin cos 2sin cos 0
x x x x x
x x x x x x
=
+ =
0 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 0 3 x 2 x 1 x 2 x
2 2
= + = + ) (cos sin ) (cos cos ) cos ( sin ) sin ( cos
cos2 2 (vn)
(cos2 2)(cos sin ) 0 (k )
tan 1 4
x
x x x x k
x

=
+ = = + e

Cch 3.
3 3 2 2 3
(1) (sin cos ) 4sin sin 3sin cos 3sin cos os 4sin x x x x x x x x c x x = + =
- cos 0 sinx 1 x= = : Khng tha phng trnh.
- Chia hai v ca phng trnh cho cosx:
3 2 2
3 2
tan 3tan 3tan 1 4tan (1 tan ) 0
3tan 3tan tanx 1 0 tanx 1 ; (k )
4
x x x x x
x x x k

+ + =
+ + + = = = + e

VD33. Gii phng trnh + =
2
tan2x cotx 8cos x.
HD. ieu kien :
cos2x 0
sinx 0
=

Phng trnh cho + =
2
sin2x cosx
8cos x
cos2x sinx
.

+
=
=
=

=
2
2
sin2xsinx cos2xcosx
8cos x
cos2xsinx
cosx 0
cosx 8cos xcos2xsinx
8cosxcos2xsinx 1

= = =

= = =

cosx 0 cosx 0 cosx 0
4cos2xsin2x 1 2sin4x 1 sin4x 1/ 2

t t t t t
= + t = + = + e
k 5 k
x k ,x ,x ; (k )
2 24 2 24 2

VD34. Gii phng trnh
+ = +
2
2tanx cotx 3
sin2x
.
HD.
2sinx cosx 1
3 (1)
cosx sinx sinxcosx
+ = + .
ieu kien :
sinx 0
sinxcosx 0
cosx 0
=
=

=

+ = + + = +
=
2 2 2
2
(1) 2sin x cos x 3sinxcosx 1 1 sin x 3sinxcosx 1
sin x 3sinxcosx

sinx 0 (loai)
tgx 3 x k
3
sinx 3cosx
=
t
= = + t
; (ke )
VD35. Gii phng trnh
4 4
x x
cos sin sin2x
2 2
=
.
Phng trnh Lng gic

60
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 2
x x
cos sin sin2x cosx 2sinxcosx
2 2
= =
= t t t
= + t = + t = + t e
cosx 0 5
x k ,x 2k ,x 2k ; (k )
2 6 6 sinx 1/ 2

VD36. Gii phng trnh
2
(2sinx 1)(2sin2x 1) 3 4cos x + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2
2sinxsin2x 2sinx 2sin2x 1 3 4(1 sin x) + =
+ =
=

+ =
2 2
8sin xcosx 2sinx 4sinxcosx 4sin x
sinx 0
4sinxcosx 1 2cosx 2sinx

=

+ + =
t t t t
= t = + t = + t = + t = + t e
sinx 0
4sinxcosx 2(sinx cosx) 1 0
5 5
x k ,x 2k ,x 2k ,x 2k ,x 2k ; (k )
6 3 6 3

VD37. Gii phng trnh (2cosx 1)(2sinx cosx) sin2x sinx + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
(2cosx 1)(2sinx cosx) 2sinxcosx sinx + =
= =
+ =

+ =
1
2cosx 1 0 cosx
(2cosx 1)(2sinx cosx) sinx(2cosx 1)
2
sinx cosx 0
tgx 1

t
= + t
e
t
= + t
x 2k
3
(k )
x k
4

VD38. Gii phng trnh
2 2 2 2
sin 3x cos 4x sin 5x cos 6x = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
1 cos6x 1 cos6x 1 cos10x 1 cos12x
2 2 2 2
+ +
=
+ + = =
=
(cos12x cos10x) (cos8x cos6x) 0 cosx(cos11x cos7x) 0
cosxsin9xsin2x 0
t
=
=
e
t =

=
k
x
sin2x 0
2
(k )
k cos9x 0
x
9

VD39. Tm x thuoc oan [0;14] nghiem ung phng trnh:
cos3x 4cos2x 3cosx 4 0 + = .
Phng trnh Lng gic

61
3 2
cos3x 4cos2x 3cosx 4 0 4cos x 3cosx 4(2cos x 1) 3cosx 4 0 + = + =
= =
= t
= + t e
3 2 2
4cos x 8cos x 0 4cos x(cosx 2) 0
cosx 0
x k ; (k )
2 cosx 2(vn)

V ( e = = = =

x 0;14 k 0,k 1,k 2,k 3.
Vay nghiem cua phng trnh la:
t t t t
= = = =
3 5 7
x ,x ,x ,x .
2 2 2 2

VD40. Gii phng trnh
| | t
=
|
\ .
2 2 2
x x
sin tan x cos 0 (1)
2 4 2

HD. ieu kien : cosx 0 x k
2
t
= = + t
| | | | t t

| |
+ +
\ . \ .
= =
2
2
2
1 cos x 1 cos x
2 2 1 cosx sin x 1 cosx
(1) .tan x 0 . 0
2 2 2 2 cos x

+ +
= =
+
+ + =
2 2
2
2
1 sinx sin x 1 cosx sin x 1 cosx
. 0 0
2 2 2(1 sinx) 2 1 sin x
sin x (1 cosx)(1 sinx) 0

(1 cosx)(1 cosx) (1 cosx)(1 sinx) 0 (1 cosx)(sinx cosx) 0 + + + = + + =
= t+ t
=

e
t

= = + t
x 2k
cosx 1
(k )
tgx 1 x k
4

VD41. Gii phng trnh
2 2 2
sin 3x sin 2x sin x 0 = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 2
1 cos6x 1 cos2x 1
sin 2x 0 (cos2x cos6x) sin 2x 0
2 2 2

= =
2 2 2 2
sin4xsin2x sin 2x 0 2sin 2xcos2x sin 2x 0 sin 2x(2cos2x 1) 0 = = =
t
= =
t =

= + t
k
sin2x 0 x
2
(k )
1
cos2x
x 2k
2
3
.
VD42. Gii phng trnh
3
sinxsin2x sin3x 6cos x + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 3 3
2sin xcosx 3sinx 4sin x 6cos x + =
+ = =
= + t
=

e
t
= + t =
3 2 2
tan x 2tan x 3tanx 6 0 (tanx 2)(tan x 3) 0
x arctan2 k
tanx 2
(k )
x k tanx 3
3

Phng trnh Lng gic

62
VD43. Xac nh a ehai phng trnh sau tng ng :
2cosxcos2x 1 cos2x cos3x = + +

2
4cos x cos3x acosx (4 a)(1 cos2x) = + +
HD.
-
2 2
2cosxcos2x 1 cos2x cos3x cos3x cosx 2cos x cos3x cosx 2cos x = + + + = + =
cosx 0 cosx 1/ 2 = v =
-
2
4cos x cos3x acosx (4 a)(1 cos2x) = + +
2 3 2
4cos x (4cos x 3cosx) acosx 2(4 a)cos x = +
3 2
4cos x (4 2a)cos x (a 3)cosx 0 cosx(2cosx 1)(2cosx a 3) 0 + + = + =
cosx 0
1
cosx
2
a 3
cosx
2

Hai phng trnh tng ng khi ch khi:

>
<
<
>
a 3
1
2
a 1
a 3
1
a 5
2
a 3 a 3
0
2
a 4
a 3 1
2 2

VD44. Gii phng trnh
2
4cos x cos3x 6cosx 2(1 cos2x) = +
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 3 2
4cos x (4cos x 3cosx) 6cosx 4cos x =
3 2
4cos x 3cosx 0 cosx(4cos x 3) 0 cosx 0 x k
2
t
+ = + = = = + t ; (ke )
VD45. Gii phng trnh
| | t
+ =
|
\ .
3
sin x 2sinx (1)
4
.
at : t x x t
4 4
t t
= + =
| | t
= = =
|
\ .
3 3 2
(1) sin t 2sin t sin t sint cost sint(1 cot t) sint cost
4

Phng trnh Lng gic

63
= =
=

= =

t t
= + t = + t e
cost 0 cost 0
cost(1 sintcost) 0
sintcost 1 sin2t 2 (vn)
t k x k ; (k )
2 4

Cch 2. Ta co:
| | t
+ = +
|
\ .
2sin x sinx cosx
4

3 2
(1) (sin cos ) 4sin (sin cos )(sin cos ) 4sin x x x x x x x x + = + + =
2 2
(sin cos )(1 2sin cos ) 4sin
cos 3sin 2sin cos 2sin cos 0
x x x x x
x x x x x x
+ + =
+ + =
2 2
cos (2sin 1) sin (2cos 3) 0 cos (2 cos2 ) sin (cos2 2) 0 x x x x x x x x + + = + =
cos2 2 (vn)
(2 cos2 )(cos sin ) 0 (k )
tan 1 4
x
x x x x k
x

=
= = + e

Cch 3.

| | | | t
+ = + =
| |
\ . \ .
+ =
+ + + =
3
3
3
3 2 2 3
1
sin x 2sinx (sinx cosx) 2sinx
4
2
(sinx cosx) 4sinx
sin x 3sin xcosx 3sinxcos x cos x 4sinx 0 (2)

- cosx =0 sinx 1 = : Khng tha (2)
- Chia hai v ca phng trnh cho cos
3
x.
Ta c phng trnh:
+ + + + =
+ =
t
= = + t e
3 2 2
3 2
tan x 3tan x 3tanx 1 4tanx(1 tan x) 0
3tan x 3tan x tanx 1 0
tanx 1 x k ; (k ).
4

VD46. Gii phng trnh
6 6
13
cos x sin x
8
=

HD. Phng trnh cho
2
cos2x(2cos 2x 13cos2x 6) 0 + =
t t
=
= +
= + t
k
cos2x 0
x
4 2
cos2x 6 (vn)
x k 1
cos2x
6
2
( ) ke .
VD47. Gii phng trnh cos
3
x - cosx - sinx =0.
HD. cos
3
x - cosx - sinx =0
2 2
cos ( os 1) sinx 0 cos ( sin ) sinx 0 x c x x x = = .
VD48. Gii phng trnh cos2x + 1 +sin2x =2 sinx +cosx
Phng trnh Lng gic

64
HD.

2 2 2
cos2x + 1 +sin2x =2 sinx +cosx
cos x - sin + (sinx cos ) =2 sinx +cosx (*) x x +

iu kin:
sinx cos 0 (1)
cos sinx 0 (2)
x
x
+ >
>

( )
(*) sinx +cosx cosx - sin + sinx cos - 2 =0
sinx +cosx 0 (3)

cosx - sin + sinx cos - 2 0 (4)
x x
x x
+
=

+ =

(3) tha (1) v tng ng vi tanx = - 1
4
x k
= + , nhng do (2) nn ta c
2
4
x k
= + .
(4) cosx-sinx + cosx+sinx =2 (*)
Mt khc cosx-sinx + cosx+sinx 2cosx-sinx cosx+sinx) 4cos 4 2 x s + = s =
Nn (*) cosx-sinx = cosx+sinx sinx 0 = tha (1) v (2)
Suy ra x =k .
Vy, nghim ca phng trnh cho: 2
4
x k
= + , x =k ; ( ) ke
VD49. Gii phng trnh cos2x + 1 - sin2x =2 sinx - cosx
HD. Tng t VD50. Ch 1 - sin2x =(sinx - cosx)
2
.
VD50. Gii phng trnh 2cos
3
x - cos2x +sinx =0.
HD. 2cos
3
x - cos2x +sinx =0
3 2 2
2
2cos 2cos 1 sinx =0 2cos (cos 1) (1 sin ) 0
2(1 sin )(cos 1) (1 sinx) 0
x x x x x
x x
+ + + + =
+ + =

VD51. Gii phng trnh 4cosx+cos4x +2cos2x +1 =0
HD. 4cosx+cos4x +2cos2x +1 =0
4cosx +2cos2x +1 +cos4x =0 4cosx +2cos2x +2cos
2
2x =0
4cosx +2cos2x(1 +cos2x) =0
4cosx +4cos
2
x.cos2x =0
VD52. Gii phng trnh 2(tanx - sinx) +3(cotx - cosx) +5 =0.
Phng trnh cho
2sin 3cos
(2sin 3cos ) 5 0
cos sinx
x x
x x
x
+ + + =
2 2
2sin 3cos (2sin 3cos )sinxcos 5sin cos 0 x x x x x x x + + + =
2 2
2sin 3sin cos 3cos 2sin cos (2sin 3cos )sinxcos 0
sinx(2sin 3cos ) cos (2sin 3cos ) (2sin 3cos )sinxcos 0
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
+ + + + =
+ + + + =

3
x +sin
3
x =sinx - cosx.
Phng trnh Lng gic

65
HD.Phng trnh cho
3 2 3 2
os cos sinx(sin 1) 0 os cos sinxcos 0 c x x x c x x x + + = + =
cosx(cos
2
x - sinx cosx +1) =0.
Cch khc. Phng trnh cho tng ng
x x x x x x cos sin ) cos sin 1 )( cos (sin = +
x x x x x x x x cos sin ) cos (sin cos sin cos sin = + +
0 ) cos sin sin 2 ( cos 0 ) cos (sin cos sin cos 2
2
= = + x x x x x x x x x
0 ) 2 sin 2 cos 3 ( cos 0 ) 2 sin
2
1
2
2 cos 1
2 ( cos = + =
x x x x
x
x

cos 0
3 os2x - sin2x =0 (vn) 2
x
x k
c

=
= +
,( ) ke .

VD54. Gii phng trnh 4sin2x - 3cos2x - 6sinx - 8cosx +3 =0
HD.
4sin2x - 3cos2x - 6sinx - 8cosx +3 =0
2
8sin cos 3(1 2sin ) 6sin 8cos x x x x x +3 =0
2
8sin cos 6sin 6sin 8cos 0 x x x x x + =
sin (6sin 8cos ) (6sin 8cos ) 0 x x x x x + + = .
VD55. Gii phng trnh: 3tan2x.cot3x + 3(tan2x 3cot3x) 3 =0
HD.
iu kin: cos2x = 0 v sin3x = 0
3tan2xcot3x + 3(tan2x 3cot3x) 3 =0
3tan2xcot3x + 3tan2x 3 3cot3x 3 =0
tan2x (3cot3x + 3) - 3(3cot3x + 3) =0
(3cot3x + 3) (tan2x - 3) =0

2
3 3
cot3
3
3
3
tan2 3
3
x k
x
x k
x
= +

= +
=
(k e )

2
9 3
6 2
x k
x k

= +
= +
(k e )
VD56. Gii phng trnh
1 tan
2sin
1 cot
x
x
x
+
=
+

HD. iu kin: cosx = 0, sinx = 0 v cot x = -1.
Phng trnh Lng gic

66
1 tan cos sin sin
2sin . 2sin
1 cot cos sin cos
x x x x
x x
x x x x
+ +
= =
+ +

sin
2sin
cos
x
x
x
= sinx
1
2 0
cosx
| |
=
|
\ .

sin 0
2
cos
2
x
x
=

x = 2
4
k
+ , ke
x =- 2
4
k
+ , ke b loi do iu kin cot x = -1. Vy nghim ca ca phng

trnh cho l x = 2
4
k
+ , ke .
VD57. Gii phng trnh tan3x 2tan4x +tan5x =0 vi x e (0,2t)
HD. iu kin: cos3x = 0, cos4x = 0 v cos5x = 0.
tan3x -2tan4x +tan5x =0
sin8 2sin4
0
cos3 cos5 cos4
x x
x x x
=

2sin4 cos4 2sin4
0
cos3 cos5 cos4
x x x
x x x
=
2sin4x
2
cos 4 cos3 cos5
0
cos3 cos4 cos5
x x x
x x x
| |
=
|
\ .

2sin4xsin
2
x =0
sin4 0
sin 0
x
x
=

4
4
4
x k x k
x k
x k
x k
= =

=
(k e )
T gi thit v iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l:
1 2 3 4 5
3 5 7
; ; ; ;
4 4 4 4
x x x x x

= = = = =
VD58. Gii phng trnh 3cosx - sin2x = 3cos2x + 3sinx
HD.
3cosx - sin2x = 3cos2x + 3sinx
3cosx - 3sinx =sin2x + 3cos2x
3( 3cosx - sinx) =sin2x + 3cos2x
(Loi)
Phng trnh Lng gic

67
3 1 1 3
3 cos sinx sin2 os2
2 2 2 2
3cos sin 2 3cos 2sin cos
6 3 6 6 6
x x c x
x x x x x

| |
= +
|
|
\ .
| | | | | | | | | |
+ = + + = + +
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .

VD59. Tm nghim ca phng trnh 2cos4x - ( 3 - 2)cos2x =sin2x + 3 thuc
[ 0 ; ].
HD.
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi
2(cos4x +cos2x) = 3 (cos2x +1) +sin2x
2
cosx =0 (1)
4 os3xcosx =2 3 os 2sinxcosx
2cos3x = 3 osx +sinx =0 (2)
c c x
c
(1) osx =0 x =
2
c k
+
(2)
3x =x - 2
6
2 os3x = 3 osx +sinx cos3x =cos(x - )
6
3 2
6
k
c c
x x k
= +

12
( )
24 2
x k
k
k
x
= +
= +

v x | |
11 13
0; , , ,
2 12 24 24
x x x x

e = = = = .
( )
( )
3
sin2 cos 3 2 3 os 3 3 os2 8 3cos sinx 3 3 0 x x c x c x x + + = .
HD. Phng trnh a v:
=
=
=
= +
=
= +
) ( 4 cos
1 cos
3 tan
0 4 cos 3 cos
0 sin cos 3
0 ) 8 cos 6 cos 2 )( sin cos 3 (
2
2
loai x
x
x
x x
x x
x x x x
,( ) 3
2
x k
k
x k
= +

VD61. Gii phng trnh 2sin 2 3sin cos 2
4
x x x
| |
+ = + +
|
\ .
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
sin2 cos2 3sin cos 2 x x x x + = + +
2
2sin cos 3sin 2cos cos 3 0 x x x x x + = .
Phng trnh Lng gic

68
( ) ( )( )
( )( )
2cos 3 sin cos 1 2cos 3 0
sin cos 1 2cos 3 0
2cos 3 0 (1)
sin cos 1 0 (2)
x x x x
x x x
x
x x
+ + =
+ + =
=

+ + =

(1)
3
cos
2
x= : VN
(2)
2 1
sin cos 1 sin 2
4 2
2
x k
x x x
x k
= +
| |

+ = + =
|

\ .
= +
(ke )
VD62. Gii phng trnh 2sin 2 4sin 1
6
x x
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
.
HD.
Phng trnh cho 3sin2 cos2 4sin 1 0 x x x + + =

2
2 3sin cos 2sin 4sin 0 x x x x + = .
( )
2 3cos sin 2 sin 0
sin 0 (1)
3cos sin 2 0 (2)
x x x
x
x x
+ =
=

+ =

(1) sin 0 x x k = = .
(2)
5
sin 3cos 2 sin 1 2
3 6
x x x x k

| |
= = = +
|
\ .
.
VD63. Gii phng trnh 2 os6x+2cos4x- 3 os2x=sin2x+ 3 c c
HD. Phng trnh cho 4cos5xcosx =2sinxcosx +2 3cos
2
x
os x =0
2cos5x =sinx + 3cos
c
x
cos 0
os5x =cos(x - )
6
x
c

=
2
(k )
24 2
2
42 7
x k
k
x
k
x
= +
= + e
= +

2 2
2sin 2sin tanx
4
x x
| |
=
|
\ .

HD. iu kin : cos 0 x=

(1)
2 2 2
sinx
2sin 2sin tanx 1 cos 2 2sin
4 2 cos
x x x x
x
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

Phng trnh Lng gic

69
( )
2
cos sin2 .cos 2sin .cos sinx
cos sinx sin2 cos sinx 0
x x x x x
x x x
+
+ + =
tanx 1
sinx cos
4
,( )
sin2 1 4 2 2 2
2
4
x k
x
x k k
x x l
x l
= = +

=

= + e
= = +

= +

VD65. Gii phng trnh: )
2
sin( 2
cos sin
2 sin
cot
2
1
+ =
+
+ x
x x
x
x .
HD. iu kin: . 0 cos sin , 0 sin = + = x x x
Phng trnh cho tng ng 0 cos 2
cos sin
cos sin 2
sin 2
cos
=
+
+ x
x x
x x
x
x

0 2 sin )
4
sin( cos
0
cos sin
cos 2
sin 2
cos
2
= |
.
|
\
|
+
=
+

x x x
x x
x
x
x

i) . ,
2
0 cos e + = = k k x x

ii)
2 2 2
4 4
sin2 sin( ) ( )
2 4
2 2
4 3 4
x k x x k
x x k
k
x x x k

= + = + +

= + e

= + = +

2
, ( ).
4 3
k
x k

= + e
So snh iu kin ta c nghim ca pt l:

k x + =
2
;
2
, ( ).
4 3
k
x k

= + e
VD66. Gii phng trnh
2 2
1 sin sin cos sin 2cos .
2 2 4 2
x x x
x x
| |
+ =
|
\ .

HD.
( ) x sin 1 x
2
cos 1 x sin
2
x
cos x sin
2
x
sin 1 1
2
+ = |
.
|
\
|

t
+ = +
0 1
2
x
cos
2
x
sin 2 .
2
x
cos
2
x
sin x sin 0 1 x sin
2
x
cos
2
x
sin x sin = |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|

0 1
2
x
sin 2
2
x
sin 2 1
2
x
sin x sin
2
= |
.
|
\
|
+ + |
.
|
\
|

Phng trnh Lng gic

70
2
sinx 0
x k
x k x
sin 1 x k ,k
x
2 x k4 k2
2 2
x x
2sin 2sin 1
2 2
=
= t
= t

= = t e
t

= t+ t = + t

+ +

VD67. Giai phng trnh : 0 sin cos 2 cos 2 sin = x x x x .
HD.
Phng trnh cho ( ) 0 1 cos cos 2 ) sin cos sin 2 (
2
= + x x x x x
0 ) 1 cos )(sin 1 cos 2 (
0 ) 1 )(cos 1 cos 2 ( ) 1 cos 2 ( sin
=
= +
x x x
x x x x
2 2
1 3 3
cos
2
2 2
4 4 2
2sin( ) 1
3 2
4
2
4 4
x k x k
x
x k x k
x
x k
x k

= + = +

= + = +

=

= +

= +

2
3 3
2
2
x k
x k

= +
= +
( ) ke
VD68. Gii phng trnh
3
2 cos2 0 cos x x sinx + + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho:
0 ) sin 1 ( ) 1 (cos cos 2 0 sin 1 cos 2 cos 2
2 2 3
= + = + + x x x x x x
0 ) sin 1 ( ) 1 )(cos sin 1 )( sin 1 ( 2 = + + x x x x

| |
0 ) 1 2 sin cos 2 sin 2 )( sin 1 (
0 1 ) cos 1 )( sin 1 ( 2 ) sin 1 (
= + + +
= + +
x x x x
x x x

| | 0 ) cos (sin ) cos (sin 2 ) sin 1 (
2
= + + + x x x x x

1 sin 0
(1 sin )(sin cos )(sin cos 2) 0 sin cos 0
s nx +cosx +2 =0 (vn)
x
x x x x x x x
i
=
+ + + = + =

2
4
x k
x k
= +
= +
( ) ke .
V d 69. Gii phng trnh 8 2 cos 2 sin 3 cos 3 sin 9 = + + x x x x .
HD. Phng trnh cho ( ) ( ) 0 9 cos 2 cos 3 cos sin 6 sin 9
2
= + + x x x x x
0 ) 3 )(cos 3 cos 2 ( ) cos 2 3 ( sin 3 = + + x x x x
Phng trnh Lng gic

71

3
osx = (vn)
(2cos 3)(cos 3sin 3) 0 2
cos 3sin 3 0
c
x x x
x x
+ =

+ =

sin sin sin cos cos
10
3
sin
10
3
cos
10
1
= = x x x x

2
2
cos( ) cos
2
2
2
x k
x
x k
= +
| |
+ = +
|
\ .

= +
( ) ke
trong
1 3
cos ; sin
10 10
= =
VD70. Gii phng trnh x x x x x cos sin 2 cos cos sin
2 6 6
= + .
HD.
) cos sin cos )(sin cos (sin cos sin
2 2 4 4 2 2 6 6
x x x x x x x x + + = + =
= x x x x
2 2 4 4
cos sin cos sin +
x x x x x x x
2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2
cos sin 2 sin cos ) sin (cos 2 cos + = =
Phng trnh cho
2 2
sinxcosx =0
sin cos sin cos 0
sinxcosx +1 =0
sinx =0
cosx =0 , (k )
2
sin2x +2 =0 (vn)
x x x x
x k
+ =

= e

.
VD71. Gii phng trnh
x
x
x
2
1 cos2
1 cot2
sin 2
+ =
HD.
K: x x k sin2 0
2
= = ,( ) ke
( )( )
+ = + =
=
+ + =

+ =
x x
x x x x
x
x
x
x x x
x x
2
2
cos2 1 cos2
1 sin 2 cos2 sin2 1 cos2
sin2
sin 2
sin2 1
sin2 1 sin2 cos2 1 0
sin2 cos2 1

x x k x k sin2 1 2 2
2 4

= = + = + , ( ) ke , (tho K)

=
| |

+ = + =
|
= +
\ .

x k
x x x
x k
sin2 cos2 1 sin 2 sin
4 4
4
( x =k khng tha K)
= + x k
4
(tho K)
3
4cos 3 2sin2 8cos + = .
HD.
Phng trnh Lng gic

72
( )
+ = + =
=

+ =
x x x x x x x
x

x x (*)
3 2
2
4cos 6 2sin cos 8cos cos 2cos 3 2sin 4 0
cos 0
2sin 3 2sin 2 0

x x k cos 0
2
= = +

= +

= +
=

x k
x
x
x k
x (vn)
2 2
2
sin
4
(*) sin
2
3
2
2
sin 2
4
( ) ke .
2
cos2 cos (2tan 1) 0 + = .
HD.
iu kin cosx= 0 (*)

x
x x x x x
x
2
2 3 2
(1 cos )
2cos 2 cos 1 0 2cos 3cos cos 2 0
cos
+ = + =

x
x x x
x
2
cos 1
(cos 1)(2cos cos 2) 0
1 17
cos
4
=
(tho (*))

x k
x k
2
1 17
arccos 2
4
= +
.
Vy PT c nghim: x k x k
1 17
2 ; arccos 2
4

= = + , ( ) ke
VD74. Gii phng trnh x x x 2 cos tan cot = .
HD.
iu kin 0 2 sin
0 cos
0 sin
=
=
=
x
x
x
.
2 2
cos sin
cos2
sin cos
x x
x
x x
=
( )
cos2 0
1
cos2 cos2 sin2 ,
sin2 2 2 4 2
x
x x x x k k
x

=
= = + e

i chiu iu kin ta c nghim ca phng trnh l
2 4

k x + = , ( ) ke
VD75. Gii phng trnh: x x x x sin 2 cos 3 cos 6 sin
2 2
+ = + .
( ) ( ) ( )( ) 0 2 cos 3 sin cos 3 sin 0 sin 2 cos 6 cos 3 sin
2 2
= + = + x x x x x x x x
Phng trnh Lng gic

73
( )
3
tan 3
sin 3cos 0
2 ,
12 2sin 2
sin 3cos 2
3
5
2
12
x k
x
x x
x k k
x
x x
x k
= +
=

= + e
| |

+ =
+ = |

\ .
= +

VD76. Gii phng trnh
2 2
13
sin 2 cos 8 sin( 10 )
2
x x x
= + .
1 cos4 1 cos16
cos( 10 )
2 2 2
1
(cos16 cos4 ) sin10
2
sin10 (sin6 1) 0
sin10 0
sin6 1
10
(k )
12 3
x x
x
x x x
x x
x
x
k
x
k
x

= +
=
=
=
= +

VD77. Gii phng trnh sin
3
x =sinx +cosx
sinx(1 sin
2
x) +cosx =0 cosx(sinxcosx +1) =0
cosx =0 x =t/2 +kt, ( k e
sinxcosx +1 =0 sin2x +2 =0 v nghim.
3 3
cos sin cos2 + = .
3 3 2 2
cos sin cos sin + =
x x x x x x x x x x
2 2
(cos sin )(cos cos sin sin ) (cos sin )(cos sin ) + + = +
x x x x x x (cos sin )(1 sin cos sin cos ) 0 + + =
x x x x (cos sin )(1 cos )(sin 1) 0 + + =

x x
x
x
sin cos 0
1 cos 0
sin 1 0
+ =
+ =

x k
x k k
x k
4
2 ( )
2
2
= +
= e
= +

VD79. Gii phng trnh
x
x
x x
2
cos
2(1 sin )
sin cos(7 )
= +
+ +
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
x
x
x x
2
1 sin
2(1 sin )
sin cos
= +
(*)
Phng trnh Lng gic

74
iu kin: x x x m sin cos 0
4
= = + (1)
(*) x x x (1 sin )(1 3sin 2cos ) 0 + + =
x
x x
sin 1 (2)
3sin 2cos 1 (3)
=

- (2) x k2
2
= + (tho (1))
- (3) x x
3 2 1
sin cos
13 13 13
=

( )
x
1
sin
13
= (vi
2 3
sin ; cos
13 13
= = )

x k
x k
1
arcsin 2
13
1
arcsin 2
13

= +
= +

x k
x k
1
arcsin 2
13
1
arcsin 2
13

= + +
= + +
(tho (1))
Vy PT c nghim: x k2
2
= + .
x k x k
1 1
arcsin 2 ; arcsin 2
13 13
= + + = + +
(vi
2 3
sin ; cos
13 13
= = )
VD80. Gii phng trnh
2 2 2 2
sin sin 2 sin 3 sin 4 x x x x + = +
HD. Phng trnh cho tng ng
1 os2x 1 os4x 1 os6x 1 os8x

2 2 2 2
os2x+cos4x=cos6x+cos8x
2cos3x.cosx=2cosx.cos7x
cosx.sin5x.sin2x=0
2
osx=0
sin5x=0 (k )
5
sin2x=0
2
c c c c
c
x k
c
k
x
k
x

+ = +
= +

= e

10.2. Bin i thng v phng trnh lng gic cbn.
VD1. Gii phng trnh
2 2
tan cot 5(tan cot ) 6 0 (1) x x x x + + + + =
Phng trnh Lng gic

75
HD. ieu kien : sin cos 0 sin2 0 ; (k )
2
k
x x x x

= = = e
2
(1) (tan cot ) 2 5(tan cot ) 6 0 x x x x + + + + =
2
(tan cot ) 5(tan cot ) 4 0 x x x x + + + + =
+ =

+ =
tanx cotx 1 (1)

tanx cotx 4 (2)

2
1
(1) tan 1 tan tan 1 0 (vn)
tan
x x x
x
+ = + + =
2 2
sin cos 1
(2) 4 sin cos 4sin cos 2sin2 1 sin2
cos sin 2
x x
x x x x x x
x x
+ = + = = =
t t t t
= + t = + t = + t = + t e
7 7
2x k2 ,2x k2 x k ,x k ; (k )
6 6 12 12

Vay nghiem cua phng trnh acho la:
7
, ; (k )
12 12
x k x k

= + = + e
VD2. Gii phng trnh sinx cosx sinx cosx 2 + + = .
HD. Bnh phng 2 veta c
k
cos2x 1 sin2x 0 x
2
t
= = = ; ( ) ke .
VD3. Gii phng trnh = + 2(cot2x cot3x) tan2x cot3x.
HD. ieu kien :sin2x 0 ; sin3x 0 ; cos2x 0 = = =
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
cos2x cos3x sin2x cos3x
2(cot2x cot3x) tan2x cot3x 2
sin2x sin3x cos2x sin3x
= = =
2
3
2sinx cosx 2sinx(cos2x cos x)
0 sin x 0
sin2xsin3x sin3xcos2x sin2xsin3xcos2x
. Loi do
iu kin sin2x 0 = .
Vay phng trnh vonghiem.
VD4. Gii phng trnh
2 2
2sin tan 2 (1) x x + = .
HD. ieu kien : 0 x = cos
Cch 1.
x 2 x x x 2 2
x
x
x 2 1
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
cos sin cos sin
cos
sin
sin ) ( = + = +
x 2 x 1 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 1 x x 1 2
2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2
cos cos cos cos cos cos cos ) cos ( = + = +
=
t t
+ = = = + e

2
4 2
2
cos x 1 (vn)
2
2cos x cos x 1 0 cosx x k ; (k )
1
2 4 2
cos x
2
.
Cch 2.
2
2 2 2 4 2
2
2tan
(1) tan 2 2tan tan tan 2 2tan
1 tan
x
x x x x x
x
+ = + + = +
+

Phng trnh Lng gic

76
= t
+ = = = + t e

2
4 2
2
tg x 1
tg x tg x 2 0 tgx 1 x k ; (k )
4
tg x 2 (vn)
.
VD5. Gii phng trnh 2 x 4 3 x x 4
4 4
= + + sin ) cos (sin .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 x 4 3 x 2
2
1
1 4
2
= + sin ) sin (
2
1
3sin4 2sin 2 2 3sin4 cos4 1 cos(4 )
3 2
x x x x x

= + = =
4 2
(k )
12 2
x k
x k

= +
= +

VD6. Gii phng trnh + = 3cos4 sin4 2cos3 0 x x x

| |
+ =
|
|
\ .
3 1
2 cos4 sin4 2cos3
2 2
x x x
| |
=
|
\ .
cos 4 cos3
6
x x

= +
= +
4 3 2
6
4 3 2
6
x x k
x x k

= +
= +
2
6
( )
2
42 7
x k
k
k
x

VD7. Gii phng trnh
3
3 os4x +sin4x =8cos 6cos c x x

| |
+ =
|
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
3 1
2 cos4 sin4 2cos3
2 2
cos 4 cos3
6
x x x
x x

( )

= + = +

e

= + = +

4 3 2 2
6 6
2
4 3 2
6 42 7
x x k x k
k
k
x x k x

Phng trnh Lng gic

77
VD8. Gii phng trnh x x tan cot 3 0
3 6
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
. T tm cc nghim thuc
khong (0; ) .
HD. Phng trnh cho
x x tan tan 3 0
3 3
| | | |
+ + + =
| |
\ . \ .
x x tan 3 tan
3 3
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

x x k 3
3 3

+ = + x k k ( )
6 4

= + e
T x 0 < < suy ra:
k 0
6 4

< + < k
7
6 4 6

< < k
2 14
3 3
< < k 1; 2; 3; 4 =
Vy cc nghim thuc khong (0; ) l: x x x x
7 5
; ; ;
12 3 12 6

= = = = .
VD9. Gii phng trnh
4 4
cos x sin x 1
4
t | |
+ + =
|
\ .

HD. Phng trnh cho
2
2
1 cos 2x
1 cos2x 2
1
2 2
| t | | |
+
| |
+ | | \ .
|
+ =
|
| \ .
|
\ .
2 2
(1 cos2x) (1 sin2x) 1 cos2x sin2x 1 2cos 2x 1
2
t | |
+ + + = + = =
|
\ .

| | t t t
= = + t = + t e
|
\ .

1
cos 2x x k ,x k ; (k ).
2 2 4
2

VD10. Gii phng trnh
sin5x
1
5sinx
= .
HD. iu kin: sinx 0 = .
Phng trnh cho
= sin5x 5sinx
= =
= =
sin5x sinx 4sinx 2cos3xsin2x 4sinx
4cos3xsinxcosx 4sinx cos3xcosx 1

=
+ = + =

=
2
cosx 3/ 2 (vn)
cos4x cos2x 2 2cos 2x cos2x 3 0
cos2x 1

2
1 cos2x 0 2sin x 0 sinx 0 (loai) = = =
Vay phng trnh acho vonghiem .
VD11. Gii phng trnh
1
cosxcos2xcos4xcos8x
16
=
(*)
HD. Xet sinx =0 th phng trnh khong thoa.
Phng trnh Lng gic

78
Vay (*)
1
sinxcosxcos2xcos4xcos8x sinx
16
=
t t t
= = = + e
2k 2k
sin16x sinx x ,x ; (k ).
15 17 17

VD12. Gii phng trnh
+ =
2
1 2 5
tan x 0
2 cosx 2
.
HD. iu kin: cos 0 x= .
2 2
1 1 2 5 1 4
1 0 4 0
2 cosx 2 cosx cos x cos x
| |
+ = + =
|
\ .

| | t
= = = + t e
|
\ .

2
1 1
2 0 cosx x 2k ; (k ).
cosx 2 3

VD13. Gii phng trnh
4 4
4(sin x cos x) 3sin4x 2 + + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 2
1
4 1 sin 2x 3sin4x 2 2sin 2x 3sin4x 2
2
| |
+ = + =
|
\ .

| | t
+ = + = =
|
\ .
1 3 1 1
cos4x 3sin4x 1 cos4x sin4x cos 4x
2 2 2 3 2

t t t t t t
= + t = + = + e
2 k k
4x 2k x ,x ; (k ).
3 3 4 2 12 2

VD14. Gii phng trnh 8sinx =
1 3
+
sinx cosx
.
Phng trnh cho
2
8sin cos cos 3sinx 4cosx(1-cos2 ) cos 3sinx
3cos 4cos cos2 3sinx 3cos 2( os3 cos ) 3sinx
1 3
cos 3sinx 2 os3 cos sinx os3 os3 os
2 2 3
x x x x x
x x x x c x x
x c x x c x c x c x

= + = +
= + =
| |
= = = +
|
\ .

3
xcos3x +sin
3
xsin3x =
2
4
.
Cch 1.
Phng trnh cho
Phng trnh Lng gic

79
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
os cos3 cos sin sin3 sin
4
1 1 2
os ( os4 os2 ) sin ( os2 os4 )
2 2 4
2
os4 ( os sin ) os2 ( os sin )
2
c x x x x x x
c x c x c x x c x c x
c x c x x c x c x x
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
3 3
2 2 2
os2 (1 os4 ) 2cos 2 cos 2
2 2 4
c x c x x x + = = =
3
3
2 2
cos 2 cos2 .
2 2
x x
| |
= =
|
|
\ .

Cch 2.
3 3 3 3 3 3
6 6 4 4
4 4 2 2 4 4
2
2
2 2
os cos3 sin sin3 os (4cos 3cos ) sin (3sin 4sin )
4 4
2
4( os sin ) 3( os sin )
4
2
4cos2 ( os sin sin cos ) 3( os sin )
4
1 2
4cos2 (1 sin 2 ) 3 os2
4 4
cos2 (4 sin 2 ) 3 os2
c x x x x c x x x x x x
c x x c x x
x c x x x x c x x
x x c x
x x c
+ = + =
=
+ + =
=

2 3
2
4
2 2 2
cos2 (3 os 2 ) 3 os2 os 2 os2
4 4 2
x
x c x c x c x c x
=
+ = = =
Cch 3.
3 3
2 2
3
3 3
2
os cos3 sin sin3
4
1 1 2
( os3 3cos ) os3 (3sin sin3 )sin3
4 4 4
os 3 sin 3 3( os3 cos sin3 sin ) 2
os6 3cos2 2 4cos 2 3cos2 3cos2 2
2 2
4cos 2 2 cos 2 os2
4 2
c x x x x
c x x c x x x x
c x x c x x x x
c x x x x x
x x c x
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
+ = + =
= = =

3
xcos3x - sin
3
xsin3x =
2 3 2
8
+

HD. Tng t VD14.
1 2(cos sin )
tan cot2 cot 1
x x
x x x
=
+

HD. iu kin:sinx.cosx= 0 v cotx= 1
Phng trnh Lng gic

80
Phng trnh tng ng

1 2(cos sin )
sin cos2 cos
1
cos sin2 sin
x x
x x x
x x x
=
+

cosx =
2
2
x = 2
4
k
+
i chiu iu kin pt c 1 h nghim x = 2
4
k
+ .
VD18. Gii phng trnh ( ) cos3 sin2 3 sin3 cos2 x x x x + = + .
HD. Phng trnh cho cos3 3sin3 3cos2 sin2 x x x x = +

1 3 3 1
cos3 sin3 cos2 sin2
2 2 2 2
x x x x = +
cos 3 cos 2
3 6
x x
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

3 2 2 2
3 6 6
( )
2
3 2 2
3 6 10 5
x x k x k
k
x x k x k

+ = + + = +

e

+ = + = +

si n 2 cos 2
cot
cos si n
x x
tgx x
x x
+ =
HD. Phng trnh cho
x sin
x cos
x cos
x sin
x cos x sin
x sin x 2 sin x cos x 2 cos
=
+

( )
x cos x sin
x cos x sin
x cos x sin
x x 2 cos
2 2

{
=
=
cosx cos2x
sin2x 0

{
+ =
=
2
2cos x cosx 1 0
sin2x 0

= = =
1
cosx (cosx 1 : loai v sinx 0)
2

2
3
x k
= + , (ke).
2 2
sin 2 cos 3 1 + = .
HD. Phng trnh cho
x x 1 cos4 1 cos6
1
2 2
+
+ = x x cos6 cos4 =

x x k
x x k
6 4 2
6 4 2
= +
= +

x k
x k
5
x k
5
= ( ) ke

Phng trnh Lng gic

81
10.3. Cc phng trnh lng gic khng mu mc.
VD1. Gii phng trnh
2 2
tan cot 2(tan cot ) 6 (1) x x x x + + + =

Cch 1 : ieu kien : sin cos 0 sin2 0 (k )
2
k
x x x x

= = = e
2
(1) (tan cot ) 2 2(tan cot ) 6 x x x x + + + =
2
(tan cot ) 2(tan cot ) 8 0 x x x x + + + =
+ =

+ =
tanx cotx 2 (2)

tanx cotx 4 (3)
2 2
1
(2) tan 2 tan 2tan 1 0 (tan 1) 0
tan
tan 1 ; (k )
4
x x x x
x
x x k

+ = + = =
= = + e
2 2
sin cos
(3) 4 sin cos 4sin cos
cos sin
1
2sin2 1 sin2
2
x x
x x x x
x x
x x
+ = + =
= =
t t
= + t = + t

e
t t

= + t = + t

2x k2 x k
6 12
(k )
7 7
2x k2 x k
6 12

Vay nghiem cua phng trnh la:
t +
t
= k
4
x ,
7
, ; (k )
12 12
x k x k

= + = + e
Cch 2 : at
2 2 2 2
tan cot (tan cot ) tan cot 2tan cot t x x t x x x x x x = + = + = + +
2 2
tan cot 2 x x = + +
4 2 x g x tg 2
2 2
= + > cot

s
>
> >
2 t
2 t
2 t 4 t
2

i) 2 tan cot 2 t x x = + =
2 2
1
tan 2 2tan 1 0 (tan 1) 0
tan
x tan x x x
x
+ = + = =
tan 1 tan ; (k )
4 4
nx x k

= = = + e
ii) 4 tan cot 4 t x x = + =
x x 4 x x 4
x
x
x
x
2 2
cos sin cos sin
sin
cos
cos
sin
= + = +
= =
1
2sin2x 1 sin2x
2
t t t t
= + t = + t = + t = + t e
7 7
2x k2 ,2x k2 x k ,x k ; (k )
6 6 12 12

Vay nghiem cua phng trnh acho la:
Phng trnh Lng gic

82
t +
t
= k
4
x ,
7
, ; (k )
12 12
x k x k

= + = + e
VD2. Gii phng trnh
2
2
3
3cot 4(tan cot ) 1 0 (1)
cos
x x x
x
+ + + =
.
HD. ieu kien : sin cos 0 sin2 0 (k )
2
k
x x x x

= = = e
2
2
2 2
3
(1) 3cot 4(tan cot ) 1 0
cos
3(1 tan ) 3cot 4(tan cot ) 1 0
x x x
x
x x x x
+ + + =
+ + + + =

2 2 2
3(tan cot ) 4(tan cot ) 2 0 3[(tan cot ) 2] 4(tan cot ) 2 0 x x x x x x x x + + + + = + + + + =
2
3(tan cot ) 4(tan cot ) 4 0 x x x x + + + = (1)
at :
2 2 2 2
tan cot (tan cot ) tan cot 2 t x x t x x x x = + = + = + + 2 x g x tg
2 2
+ + = cot
4 2 x g x tg 2
2 2
= + > cot

s
>
> >
2 t
2 t
2 t 4 t
2

+ = = v =
2
2
(1) 3t 4t 4 0 t 2 t (loai)
3

Khi : 1 x 2 x x 2 x x
x
x
x
x
2 t
2 2
= = + = + = sin cos sin cos sin 2
sin
cos
cos
sin

t t
= + t = + t e 2x k2 x k ; (k )
2 4

VD3. Gii phng trnh
2
(cos4x cos2x) 5 sin3x = + .
HD.
2 2 2 2
VT (cos4x cos2x) (2sin3xsinx) sin 3xsin x 4 = = = s . VP 5 sin3x 4 = + >
Vay phng trnh tng ng vi he:
= = = t
= + t e

= = =

2 2 2
cosx 0 sin 3xsin x 1 sin x 1
x k2 ; (k )
2 sin3x 1 sin3x 1 sin3x 1

VD4. Gii phng trnh sinx cosx 2(2 sin3x) + = .
HD.
VT sinx cosx 2sin x 2
4
t | |
= + = + s
|
\ .
. VP 2(2 sin3x) 2 = >
Vay phng trnh tng ng vi he:
| | t t
+ =
= + t |

\ .

=
=
sin x 1
x k2 (1)
4
4
sin3x 1 (2)
2 sin3x 1

Nghim (1) khng tha (2), vay phng trnh acho vonghiem.
VD5. Gii phng trnh + =
1981 1956
cos x sin x 1.
HD.
Phng trnh cho
Phng trnh Lng gic

83
+ = +
1981 1956 2 2
cos x sin x cos x sin x. V s s
1981 2
cosx 1 cos x cos x;
s s
1956 2
sinx 1 sin x sin x
Vay + s
1981 1956
cos x sin x 1. Dau ang thc xay ra khi:
=
= =

=

= =

=
t
= + t t
= e
= t

1981 2 2 1979
1956 2 2 1954
2 1954
cosx 0
cos x cos x cos x(cos x 1) 0
cosx 1
sin x sin x sin x(sin x 1) 0
sin x(sin x 1) 0
x k m
x ; (m ) 2
2
x k2

Cch 2.
Phng trnh cho
+ = + + =
1981 1956 2 2 2 1979 2 1954
sin x sin x sin x cos x sin x(1 sin x) cos x(1 cos ) 0

=
2 1979
2 1954
cos x(1 cos x) 0
sin x(1 sin x) 0
=
t
= + t t

= = e
= t
=

2 1979
sinx 0
x k m
sinx 1 x ; (m ) 2
2
x k2
cos x(1 cos x) 0

VD6. Gii phng trnh x 2 x x 2 5
2
cos sin sin + = + (1)
HD. 5 x 2 5 VT
2
> + = sin Dau bang xay ra sin2x =0 ; (k )
2
k
x

= e (1)
2 2
sin 2cos 5(sin cos ) 5 VP x x x x = + s + =
Dau bang xay ra
2
1
tgx
2
x
1
x
= =
cos sin
(2)
Nghim (1) khong thoa (2) nen phng trnh cho vonghiem.
VD7. Gii phng trnh 4 x x 3 x 2 x 2 3 = + + cos sin cos sin (1)
HD. 2 x
2
1
x
2
3
x 2
2
1
x 2
2
3
1 = + + cos sin cos sin ) (
t t t t
+ + =
| | | | | | | | t t t t
+ = + =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
cos sin2x sin cos2x sin sinx cos cosx 2
6 6 3 3
sin 2x cos x 2 1 sin 2x 1 cos x 2 (*)
6 3 6 3

V
| | t
>
|
\ .
1 sin 2x 0
6
va
| | t
>
|
\ .
1 cos x 0
3
nen (*)
Phng trnh Lng gic

84
| | t | | t
=
= |
|
\ .
\ .

| | t
t

=
= + t
|

\ .
sin 2x 1
sin 2x 1 (1)
6
6
cos x 1
x k2 (2)
3
3

Nghim (2) tha (1). Vay nghiem cua phng trnh la: t +
t
= 2 k
3
x ; (k e)
VD8. Gii phng trnh 1 x x 2 = cos cos
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 x x 3 1 x x 3
2
1
= + = + cos cos ) cos (cos (1)
V 1 x 3 s cos va 1 x s cos nen (1)
3
cos 1 cos 1
cos 1 2 ; (k ).
cos3 1 4cos 3cos 1
x x
x x k
x x x

= =
= = e

= =

VD9. Gii phng trnh 1 x x 2
2
+ = cos (1)
V 1 x 2 s cos va 1 1 x
2
> + nen (1)
2
0 1 1
0
cos2 1 cos2 1
x x
x
x x
= + =
=

= =

Vay nghiem cua phng trnh la: x =0
VD10. Gii phng trnh 2 x x 3 = + cos cos (1)
HD. V 1 x 3 > cos va 1 x > cos nen (1)
3
cos 1 cos 1
cos 1 2 ; (k )
cos3 1 4cos 3cos 1
x x
x x k
x x x

= =
= = + e

= =

VD11. Gii phng trnh + + + =
2 2
cos x 2cosx tan x 1 0
HD. Phng trnh cho
=
+ + =

=
2 2
cosx 1
(cosx 1) tan x 0
tanx 0

cos 1
cos 1 2 ;(k )
sin 0
x
x x k
x

=
= = + e

VD12. Gii phng trnh + + =
2 2
4sin x 2 3tanx 3tan x 4sinx 2 0
HD. Phng trnh cho
+ + + =
2 2
4sin x 4sinx 1 3tan x 2 3tanx 1 0
+ =

2 2
1
sinx (1)
2
(2sinx 1) ( 3tanx 1) 0
1
tanx (2)
3

Phng trnh Lng gic

85
t
= + t
e
t
= + t
x k2
6
(1) (k )
5
x k2
6
thevao (2) ta conghiem t +
t
= 2 k
6
x tha.
Vy nghim ca phng trnh l: t +
t
= 2 k
6
x ; (ke ).
VD13. Gii phng trnh
2
x 2xsinx 2cosx 2 0 + =
HD. Phng trnh cho
2 2 2
x 2xsinx sin x cos x 2cosx 1 0 + + + =
2 2
sin sin
( sin ) (cos 1) 0
cos 1 2
2 sin 2 sin0 0
0
2
x x x x
x x x
x x k
k k
x
x k
= =
+ =

= =

= = =
=

Vay nghiem cua phng trnh l: x =0
VD14. Gii phng trnh
2
x
cos2x 1
2
= +

HD. Phng trnh cho
2 2
2
x 0
x x
(1 cos2x) 0 2sin x 0 x 0
sinx 0 2 2
=
+ = + = =

VD15. Tm cac giatrm ephng trnh sau conghiem .
Cho phng trnh :
4 4 6 6 2
4(sin x cos x) 4(sin x cos x) sin 4x m + + = .
HD.
+ + =
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
4 4 6 6 2
2 2 2
4(sin x cos x) 4(sin x cos x) sin 4x m
1 3
4 1 sin 2x 4 1 sin 2x sin 2x m
2 4

2 2
4t 3t m (t sin 2x 0 t 1) = = s s . at :
| |
= = = = =
|
\ .
2 / /
3 3 9
f(t) 4t 3t f (t) 8t 3;f (t) 0 t f
8 8 16

Lap bang bin thin ca hm s f(t) tren oan | | 0;1 ta co: f(0) 0 ; f(1) 1 = =
Vay phng trnh conghiem khi :
9
m 1
16
s s .
VD16. Cho phng trnh :
2 2
cos4x cos 3x asin x = +
a) Giai phng trnh tren khi a 1 =
b) Xac nh tham soa ephng trnh acho conghiem x tren khoang
0;
12
t | |
|
\ .

HD.
Phng trnh Lng gic

86
a)
2 2 2
1 cos6x 1 cos2x
cos4x cos 3x asin x 2cos 2x 1 a
2 2
+ + | |
= + = +
|
\ .

2 3
4cos 2x 2 1 4cos 2x 3cos2x a(1 cos2x) = + +
3 2 2
a(t 1) 4t 4t 3t 3 (t cos2x) a(t 1) (t 1)(4t 3) = + = =
Khi a 1 = phng trnh trthanh :
2
k
(t 1) (t 1)(4t 3) t 1 cos2x 1 2x k x
2
t
= = = = t =
b)
2 2 2
cos4x cos 3x asin x a(t 1) (t 1)(4t 3) (*) (t cos2x) = + = =
3 3
x 0; 0 x 0 2x cos2x 1 t 1
12 12 6 2 2
t t t | |
e < < < < < < < <
|
\ .

( )
2 /
3 3
(*) a 4t 3 f(t) f (t) 8t 0 vi t ;1 vaf 0 ; f 1 1
2 2
| | | |
= = = > e = =
| |
| |
\ . \ .

Lap bang bin thin ca f(t) tren khoang
3
;1
2
| |
|
|
\ .
ta thay phng trnh conghiem
khi 0 a 1 < < .
VD17. Gii phng trnh
8 8 2
17
sin x cos x cos 2x
16
+ =
.
HD. Phng trnh cho
4 4 2 4 4 2
17
(sin x cos x) 2sin xcos x cos 2x
16
+ =
2
2 4 2 2
1 2 17
1 sin 2x sin 2x cos 2x (*) . at : t sin 2x 0 t 1
2 16 16
| |
= = s s
|
\ .

2
2 2 2
t 1 (loai)
t 2 17 1
(*) 1 t (1 t) 2t t 1 0 sin 2x
t 1/ 2 2 16 16 2
=
| |
= + = =
|
=
\ .

2
1 2sin 2x 0 cos4x 0 4x k x k
2 8 4
t t t
= = = + t = +
VD18. Gii phng trnh x 2 2 tgx 3 1 sin = + (1) .
at tgx t =
3 2 2
2
4
(1) 1 3 3 1 0 ( 1)(3 2 1) 0
1
1 1
4
t
t t t t t t t
t
t tgx x k

+ = + + = + + =
+
= = = +

VD19. Cho phng trnh :
6 6
2 2
cos x sin x
2mtg2x
cos x sin x
+
=

a) Tm m ephng trnh conghiem.
b) Giai phng trnh khi
1
m
8
=
HD. Phng trnh cho
Phng trnh Lng gic

87
6 6 6 6
2 2
cos x sin x cos x sin x 2msin2x
2mtg2x (*)
cos2x cos2x cos x sin x
+ +
= =
. ieu kien :cos2x 0 =

6 6 2 2
3
cos x sin x 2msin2x 1 sin 2x 2msin2x sin 2x 8msin2x 4 0 (1)
4
+ = = + =

= < <

+ = = = = < e
2 2
2 /
2
t sin2x ( 1 t 1)
4 3t 3t 4
(1) 3t 8mt 4 0 8m f(t) f (t) 0, t ( 1;1)
t t

Lap bang bin thin ca f(t) tren khoang (1;1) ta co: f(1) =1 ; f(1) =1 ; f(0)

Vay phng trnh conghiem khi :
8m 1 m 1/ 8
8m 1 m 1/ 8
< <

> >

b) Theo a) khi
1
m
8
= th phng trnh vonghiem .
VD20. Tm m ephng trnh sau conghim:

4 4 6 6 2
4(sin x cos x) 4(sin x cos x) sin 4x m + + =
HD.
Ta co:
4 4 6 6
1 1
sin x cos x (3 cos4x) ; sin x cos x (5 3cos4x)
4 8
+ = + + = +
Khi ophng trnh codang :
2 2
1
3 cos4x (5 3cos4x) sin 4x m 2cos 4x cos4x 1 2m . at : t cos4x t 1
2
+ + = = = s
Phng trnh codang :
2 /
1
f(t) 2t t 1 2m f (t) 4t 1 0 t
4
= = = = =
Lap bang bin thin ca f(t) tren oan [-1;1] ta co:
1 9
f( 1) 2 ; f(1) 0 ; f
4 8
| |
= = =
|
\ .

Suy ra phng trnh conghiem
9 9
2m 2 2m 1
8 16
s s s s
VD21. Cho phng trnh : = +
5 5 2
4cos xsinx sin xcosx sin 4x m (1). Biet
x = t lamot nghiem cua (1). Hay giai phng trnh (1) trong trng hp o.
HD.
= + = +
+ =
4 4 2 2
2
4sinxcosx(cos x sin x) sin 4x m 2sin2xcos2x sin 4x m
sin 4x sin4x m 0 (1)

V x = t langhiem cua phng trnh (*) nen x = t cung langhiem cua phng
trnh
(1). Ngha la:sin4x sin4 0 vay t (1) m 0 = t = =
Phng trnh Lng gic

88
Vay phng trnh trthanh :
t
=
=
= e
t t =

= +
2
k
x
sin4x 0
4
sin 4x sin4x 0 (k )
k sin4x 1
x
8 4

VD22. Xac nh a ephng trnh sau conghiem :
6 6
sin x cos x asin2x + =

HD.
+ = = =
6 6 2 2
3
sin x cos x asin2x 1 sin 2x asin2x 4 3sin 2x 4asin2x (1)
4

at : t sin2x 0 t 1 = s s . + =
2
(1) 3t 4at 4 0 (2)
Thy ngay, phng trnh (2) luon lun cohai nghiem thoa man ieu kien
1 2
t 0 t < < .
Nh vay, phng trnh acho cohai nghiem khi vachkhi phng trnh (2) co
nghiem thoa man:

+ +
< s s + s +
>
>
+ s + +
2
2
1 2
2 2
2a 4a 12
t t 1 1 4a 12 3 2a
3
3
a 1
a
2
4
4a 12 9 12a 4a

VD23. Gii phng trnh + = 1 3tanx 2sin2x (1)
HD. at : = t tanx. + = + + = + + =
+
2 3 2
2
4t
(1) 1 3t (1 3t)(1 t ) 4t 3t t t 1 0
1 t

2
(t 1)(3t 2t 1) 0 + + = t 1 x k
4
t
= = + t
VD24. Gii phng trnh
+ = tanx 2cot2x sin2x (1)
.
HD. ieu kien : sin2x 0 = . at : = t tanx
+ = = = = =
+ +
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 t 2t 1 2t
(1) t 2. t 1 tan x 1 sin x cos x
2t t 1 t 1 t

t t
= = + e
k
cos2x 0 (thoa man ieu kien) x ; (k )
4 2

VD25. Gii phng trnh tanx +tan
2
x +tan
3
x +cotx +cot
2
x +cot
3
x =6
HD.
Cch 1. iu kin
2
x k
= .
2 2
2 2
tanx(1 tanx tan ) cot (1 cot cot ) 6
1 tanx tan 0,1 cot cot 0; tanx 0,cot 0.
2
x x x x
x x x x k x
+ + + + + =
+ + > + + > = > >

Phng trnh Lng gic

89
Theo Cauchy :
2 2 2 2 3 3
3 3
tanx cot 2 (1)
tan cot 2 (2) tanx cot tan cot tan cot 6 (4)
tan cot 2 (3)
x
x x x x x x x
x x
+ >
+ > + + + + + >
+ >

Phng trnh cho tng ng du ng thc (4) xy ra, khi ch khi cc du
ng thc (1), (2), (3) ng thi xy ra tanx cot 0 x = > ; (k ).
4
x k
= + e
Cch 2. t t = tanx + cotx.
VD26. Gii phng trnh
3 2 3 2
(1 ) 2(1 ) x x x x + =
HD. Do 1 - x
2
> 0 - 1 s x s 1. t x = cost, | | 0; t e
Ptrnh cho
3 3
cos sin 2sin cos t t t t + =
3
(cos sin ) 3sin cos (sin cos ) 2sin cos t t t t t t t t + + = (1)
t sint + cost = X
2
1
cos , 2,sin cos
4 2 2
X X
x X t t
| |
= s =
|
\ .
.
(1)
2 2
3
1 1
3 2
2 2
X X
X X

=
3 2
2 3 2 0 X X X + =
2
( 2)( 2 2 1) 0 X X X + + = 2, 2 1 X X = .
Nhng 2 2, 1 2 X X X s = = .
i) X = 2: sint +cost = 2
2
1 2 x x + =

2
1 2 x x =
2 2
1 2 2 2
2 0
x x x
x
= +

>

2
2 2 2 1 0
2
x x
x
+ =
1
2
x = .
ii) X =1- 2: sint +cost =1 - 2
2
1 1 2 x x + =
2
1 1 2 x x =
2 2
1 2 2 2 2(1 2)
1 2 0
x x x
x
= +

>
2
(1 2) 1 2 0
1 2
x x
x
+ =

1 2 2 2 1
2
x

= .
VD27. Gii phng trnh
1 1
cos3x - 1 cosx - 1 =1
cos3x cosx
+


1 - cos3x 1 - cosx
=1
cos3x cosx
+
(1)
Phng trnh Lng gic

90
iu kin: cos3x > 0, cosx > 0.
(1)
cos3x(1 - cos3x) cosx(1 - cosx) =1 +
(2)
Ta bit rng a(1 - a)
1
,
4
a s . Suy ra: 0 s cos3x(1 - cos3x) s
1
4

1
cos3x(1 - cos3x)
2
s

Tng t
1
cosx(1 - cosx)
2
s

Nh th:
(2)
3
1 1 1
cos3x(1 - cos3x) = cos3x = 4cos x - 3cosx =
2 2 2
1 1 1
cos3x(1 - cos3x) = cosx = cosx =
2 2 2

(vn)

11. CC PHNG TR NH LNG GIC TRONG CC D B THI
TUYN SINH VO I HC V CAO NG T 2002 N 2008

Nm 2002

1. Xc nh m phng trnh 2(sin
4
x +cos
4
x) +cos4x +2sin2x +m =0
c t nht mt nghim thuc on
0;
2
(
(

.
HD.
2(sin
4
x +cos
4
x) +cos4x +2sin2x +m =0 (1)
2(1 - 2sin
2
xcos
2
x) +cos4x +2sin2x +m =0
3 +m - 3sin
2
2x +2sin2x =0
3t
2
- 2t - (m +3) =0; t =sin2x (2)
Vi 0 0 2 0 1
2
x x t
s s s s s s , nhn mi gi tr thuc on
[0;1].
phng trnh (1) c t nht mt nghim thuc on 0;
2
(
(

, iu kin cn v
l phng trnh (2) c nht mt nghim t e[0;1]
3t
2
- 2t =m +3 c t nht mt nghim t e [0; 1].
t f(t) = 3t
2
- 2t (0s t s 1)
V d th (C) ca hm
y =f(t) (0 s t s 1).
Phng trnh Lng gic

91
f
1 1
3 3
| |
=
|
\ .

T th suy ra, phng trnh 3t
2
- 2t =m +3
c t nht mt nghim t e [0; 1], iu kin cn v l

1 10
3 1 2
3 3
m m s + s s s
2. Gii phng trnh
4 4
sin x +cos x 1 1
= cotx -
5sin2x 2 8sin2x

HD.
iu kin: sin2x = 0
Phng trnh cho
2 2
1 2in cos 1 1
os2
5 2 8
x x
c x
=

2
9
os 2 5 os2 0
4
9
os2 1( )
2
2 2 ;( )
1 3 6
cos2
2
c x c x
c x vn
x k x k k
x

+ =
= >
= + = + e

3. Gii phng trnh
2
4
4
(2 - sin 2x)sin3x
tan x +1 =
cos x
.
HD.
iu kin: cos = 0 sinx = 1
Phng trnh sin
4
x +cos
4
x =(2 - sin
2
2x) sin3x

( )
2 2
1
1 sin 2 2 sin 2 sin3
2
x x x =

( )
2 2
2 sin 2 2 sin 2 .2sin3 x x x =
sin3x =
1
2
( tho mn iu kin)

3 2
6
5
3 2
6
x k
x k
= +
= +

2
18 3
( )
5 2
18 3
k
x
k
k
x

= +
= +
.
4. Gii phng trnh tanx +cosx - cos
2
x =sinx(1 +tanx.tan
x
2
).
HD.
y
1
y =m+3
1
3

2
3

1
3

x
O
1
Phng trnh Lng gic

92
iu kin:
=
=
=
=
1 cos
0 cos
0
2
cos
0 cos
x
x
x
x

Ta c:
sin sin
2
1 tan tan 1
2
cos cos
2
x
x
x
x
x
x
+ = +
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
cos
1
2
cos cos
2
cos
2
cos cos
2
sin sin
2
cos cos
=
|
.
|
\
|

=
+
=
Phng trnh
2
sin
tan cos cos
cos
x
x x x
x
+ + =
cosx(1 - cosx) =0.
Do iu kin cosx 0 nn phng trnh cosx =1
x =2kt, (k e).
5. Cho phng trnh
2sinx +cosx+1
sinx-2cosx+3
a = (2)(a l tham s)
a) Gii phng trnh (2) khi a =
1
3
.
b) Tm a phng trnh (2) c nghim.
HD.
a) a =
1
3
, ta c:
3
1
3 cos 2 sin
1 cos sin 2
=
+
+ +
x x
x x

D thy sinx 2 cosx +3 >0; x
6 sinx +3 cosx +3 =sinx 2 cosx +3
5 sinx +5 cosx =0 sinx =- cosx
tgx =-1 x =- ,( )
4
k k
+ e
b) Tm a
a
x x
x x
=
+
+ +
3 cos 2 sin
1 cos sin 2
c nghim.
phng trnh 2 sinx +cosx +1 =a(sinx 2cosx +3)
(2 a)sinx +(2a +1)
2
cosx =3a 1.
phng trnh c nghim, iu kin cn v l:
(2 a)
2
+(2a +1)
2
> (3a 1)
2

Phng trnh Lng gic

93
5a
2
+5 > 9a
2
- 6a +1
4a
2
6a 4 s 0, A =9 +16 =25

- 2
2
1
s s a .

6. Gii phng trnh
x
2
cos 8
1
=sinx
HD.
iu kin:
cos 0 (1)
sin 0 (2)
x
x
=
>

Vi iu kin , phng trnh x x x
x
2 2 2
2
cos sin 4
2
1
sin
cos 8
1
= =
0 4 cos
2
4 cos 1
2 sin
2
1
2
= |
.
|
\
|
= = x
x
x
4 8
k
x + = (1)
Kt hp iu kin: cosx = cos 0
4 8
= |
.
|
\
|
+
k

( , , )
8 4 2
k
n k n

+ = + e
1 +2k 4 + 8n
iu ny lun ng v 1 +2k l s l, 4 + 8n l s chn, vy iu kin (1) tho
mn, iu kin (2):
sinx =sin |
.
|
\
|
+
4 8
k
>0
Tp nghim (1) c biu
din bi 8 im ngn trn
ng trn lng gic, trong
c 4 im thuc na trn
ca ng trn tho mn
iu kin sinx > 0, vy tp
nghim ca phng trnh l:
x =
n 2
8
+ , x =3
n 2
8
+ ,
Hnh 23
x 0
y
O
8

Phng trnh Lng gic

94
x =
n 2
8
5 + , x =
n 2
8
7 + .
Nm 2003

1. Gii phng trnh: 3 - tanx (tanx +2 sinx) +6cosx =0
HD.
iu kin: cosx =0.
Phng trnh 3 -
sinx
cosx
sinx 2sinxcos
cos
x
x
+ | |
|
\ .
+6cosx =0
3cos
2
x - sin
2
x(1+2cosx) +6 cox
3
x =0(cosx = o)
3cos
2
x (1 +2cosx) - sin
2
x (1 +2 cosx) =0
(1 +2cosx) (3cos
2
x - sin
2
x) =0

2
1
cos
2
1
4cos
4
x
x
cos
2
x =
1
4

1 +cos2x =
1
2

2x =
2
2
3
k
+ x =
3
k
+ (tho mn iu kin)
2. Gii phng trnh cos2x +cosx (2tan
2
x - 1) =2
HD.
iu kin: cosx = 0
Vi iu kin y phng trnh cos2x +2
2
sin
cos 2
cos
x
x
x
=

2
2
sin
2 cos 2 os2 1 2sin
cos
x
x c x x
x
= = +

2
1
2sin 1 1 cos
cos
x x
x
| |
= +
|
\ .

2(1-cos
2
x) (1-cosx) =1(1+cosx)cosx
(1+cosx) [2 (1-cosx)
2
- cosx] =0
cos2x=
1
2

Phng trnh Lng gic

95
2
cos 1
2
cos 1
1
cos
2 2 2cos 5cos 2
3
cos 2 (VN)
x
x k
x
x
x k x x
x

=
=

= + =

3. Gii phng trnh 3cos
4
x - 8 cos
6
x +2cos
2
x +3 =0
HD.
Phng trnh 3(1 +cos 4x) - 2cos
2
x(4cos
4
x - 1) =0
6 cos
2
2x - 2cos
2
x (2cos
2
x +1) (2cos
2
x - 1) =0
6 cos
2
2x - 2cos
2
x (2cos
2
x +1) . cos2x =0
cos2x [3cos2x - cos
2
x (2cos
2
x +1)] =0
i) cos2x =0 2x =
2
k
+ x=
4 2
k
+
ii) 3 (cos
2
- 1) - 2 cos
4
x - cos
2
x =0

-2 cos
4
x +5cos
2
x - 3 =0
cos
2
x =1 hoc cos
2
x =
3
2
(vn) x=kt
4. Gii phng trnh:

( )
2
2 3 cos 2sin
2 4
1
2cos 1
x
x
x
| |

|
\ .
=

HD.
iu kin: cosx
1
2
= .
Vi iu kin phng trnh:
(2 - 3) cos x - 1 os
2
c x
(
| |

| (
\ .
=2cos x - 1
3cos sin 0 x x + =

1 3
sin cos 0
2 2
x x =
sin 0
3 3
x x k

| |
= =
|
\ .

3
(2 1)
1 3
cos
2
x k
x n
x
= +

= + +
`
=

)

Phng trnh Lng gic

96
5. Gii phng trnh
( )
( )
2
os cos 1
2 1 sin
sin cos
c x x
x
x x
= +
+

HD.
iu kin: sinx + cosx = 2sin 0
4
x
| |
+ =
|
\ .
.
Vi iu kin y phng trnh tng ng vi:
(1 - sin
2
x) (cosx - 1) =2(sinx +sosx) (1 +sinx0
(1 +sinx) [(1 - sinx)(cosx - 1)- 2(sinx +cosx)]=0

sinx 1 sinx 1
(1 cos )(1 sinx) 0 cos 1 x x
= =

+ + = =

(tho mn iu kin)

2
4
2
x k
k Z
x k
= +
= +

6. Gii phng trnh
2cos 4
cotx t nx
sin2
x x
a
x
= +
HD.
iu kin: sin2x = 0 cos2x = 1
Vi iu kin phng trnh
cos sinx os4
sinx cos sinx.cos
x c x
x x
=

2
os2 os4 2cos 2 os2 1 0 c x c x x c x = =

os2 1:
1
os2 ,( )
2 3
c x vn
c x x k k
= = + e

Nm 2004

1. Gii pt: 4(sin
3
x +cos
3
x) =cosx +3sinx
HD.
Vi cosx = 0: khng tha mn pt.
Vi cosx 0: chia hai v cho cos
3
x ta c:
4tan
3
x +4 =1 +tan
2
x +3tanx(1 +tan
2
x)
tan
3
x tan
2
x -3tanx +3 =0(tanx 1)(tan
2
x 3) =0
tan 1
4
,( )
tan 3
3
x k
x
k
x
x k
= +
=
e
=

= +
.
Phng trnh Lng gic

97
2. Gii phng trnh 2 2cos(x +
4
) +
1
sinx
=
1
cosx
.
HD.
k: ,
2
k
x k
= e.

1 1
2( osx-sinx)+ 0
sinx osx
1
( osx-sinx)(2+ ) 0
sinx.cosx
osx-sinx=0
os(x+ ) 0
4
,( ) 4 1
sinx.cosx=-
sin2 1
2
4
c
c
c
c x k
c
k
x x k

=
=
= +

=

e

= = +

3. Gii phng trnh sin4x.sin7x =cos3x.cos6x
HD.
cos3x cos11x =cos3x +cos9x
cos9x +cos11x =0
2.cos10x.cosx =0

os10x =0
20 10
(k )
osx =0
2
k
x
c
c
x k

= +

= +

4. Gii phng trnh 2sinx.cos2x +sin2x.cosx =sin4x.cosx
HD.
2sinx.cos2x +sin2x.cosx.(1-2cos2x) =0
2sinx.(cos2x +cos
2
x(1 2cos2x))=0
sinx =0 x =k
1+cos2x
cos2x + (1 - 2cos2x) =0 (*)
2

Gii (*): t t = cos2x, pt (*) tr thnh: 2t
2
t 1 =0
2 2 1 os2x =1
2 1 1
2 2 cos2x =
3 3 2 2
x k x k t c
x k x k t

= = =

= + = + =

Vy nghim ca pt l (k )
3
x k
x k
= +

5. Gii phng trnh sinx +sin2x = 3(cosx +cos2x)
HD.
Phng trnh Lng gic

98
sinx - 3 osx = 3 os2x - sin2x
sin(x - ) sin( 2 )
3 3
c c
x

=

2 2 x - 2 2
x =
3 3
(k ) 9 3
2
x 2 x - 2 2
3 3
k x k
k x k

= +
= = + +

6. Gii phng trnh 1 sin 1 cos 1 x x + =
HD.
2 (sinx +cosx) +2 1 - (sinx +cosx) +sinxcosx 1 = (1)
t sinx + cosx = t,
2
t 1
2,sinxcosx =
2
t

s
2 2 2
2
2
2
1 1 3
(1) 1 2 1 0 4 4 2 2
2 2 2
3
2 4 2 (2)
2
t t t
t t t
t
t t

+ + = + =
+ =

Nhng
2 2 2
2 2 3 3 0 t t t t s s < < , nn (2) v nghim.

Nm 2005

1. Tm nghiem tren khoang (0; ) cua phng trnh :

2 2
3
4sin 3cos2 1 2cos ( )
2 4
x
x x

= +
HD.
Ta co
2 2
x 3
4sin 3cos2x 1 2cos x
2 4
t | |
= +
|
\ .
(1)
(1) ( )
3
2 1 cosx 3cos2x 1 1 cos 2x
2
t | |
= + +
|
\ .

2 2cosx 3cos2x 2 sin2x =
2cosx 3cos2x sin2x = . Chia hai vecho 2:
=
3 1
cosx cos2x sin2x
2 2

( ) cos 2x cos x
6
t | |
+ = t
|
\ .

( ) ( )
t t t
= + = + t
5 2 7
x k a hay x k2 b
18 3 6

Do ( ) x 0, e t nen ho nghiem (a) chchon k =0, k =1, ho nghiem (b) chchon
Phng trnh Lng gic

99
k =1. Do ota coba nghiem x thuoc ( ) 0,t la
1 2 3
5 17 5
x ,x ,x
18 18 6
t t t
= = =
2. Gii phng trnh
| | t
=
|
\ .
3
2 2cos x 3cosx sinx 0.
4

HD.
3
2cos x 3cosx sinx 0
4
t ( | |
=
| (
\ .

( )
+ =
+ + + =
3
3 3 2 2
cosx sinx 3cosx sinx 0
cos x sin x 3cos xsinx 3cosxsin x 3cosx sinx 0 (*)

- cosx =0 sinx = 1: Tha phng trnh. Do
t
= + t x k
2
l nghim.
- cosx = 0: Chia 2 v (*) cho cos
3
x:
+ + + =
t
= = + t
3 2 2 3
1 tan x 3tanx 3tan x 3 3tan x tanx tan x 0
tanx 1 x k
4

Vy, nghim ca phng trnh l:
t
= + t x k
2
,
t
= + t x k
4
, (ke ).
3. Giai phng trnh:
( )
+ + =
2 2 3
sinxcos2x cos x tg x 1 2sin x 0
HD.
ieu kien : cosx 0 x k
2
t
= = + t
Phng trnh cho:
+ + =
2 2 3
sinxcos2x sin x cos x 2sin x 0
( )
+ =
2
sinx cos2x 2sin x cos2x 0
( ) + = sinx cos2x 1 cos2x cos2x 0

( )
=
2
sinx 1 2sin x 0
+ =
2
2sin x sinx 1 0

( )
= =
1
sinx (v sinx 1 loai )
2

Phng trnh Lng gic

100

t
= + t
t
= = e
t
= + t
x k2
1
6
sinx sin (k )
5 2 6
x k2
6

4. Giai phng trnh
t | |
+ =
|
\ .
2
2
cos2x 1
tan x 3tan x
2 cos x

HD.

iu kin:
osx 0
cos x+ sinx 0
2
c
| |
= =
|
\ .


=
2
2
2
2sin x
cotx 3tan x
cos x

t
= = = = + t e
2 3
1
tan x 0 tan x 1 tanx 1 x k ,(k )
tanx 4

5. Giai phng trnh
3 sinx
tg x 2
2 1 cosx
t | |
+ =
|
+
\ .

HD.
iu kin:
osx 1
sinx 0
3
cos sinx 0
2
c
x
=
| |
= =
|
\ .

+ = + =
+ +
sinx cosx sinx
cotx 2 2
1 cosx sinx 1 cosx

2 2
cosx cos x sin x 2sinx 2sinxcosx + + = +
( ) ( ) + = + cosx 1 2sinx cosx 1
= 2sinx 1
t
= + t x k2
6
hoc
t
= + t
5
x k2
6
, (ke ).
6. Giai phng trnh + + = sin2x cos2x 3sinx cosx 2 0
HD.
2
2sinxcosx 1 2sin x 3sinx cosx 2 0 + + =
( )
2
2sin x 2cosx 3 sinx cosx 1 0 + + =
( ) + + + =
2
2sin x 2cosx 3 sinx cosx 1 0( 3 )
(phng trnh bac 2 theo sinx)
Phng trnh Lng gic

101
( ) ( )( ) ( ) A = + + = +
2 2
2cosx 3 4 2 cosx 1 2cosx 1
Vay (2)
+
= =

+ + +
= = +
2cosx 3 2cosx 1 1
sinx
4 2
2cosx 3 2cosx 1
sinx cosx 1
4

= +
sinx cosx 1
1
sinx
2
t | |
=
|
\ .
2
sin x
4 2
1
sinx
2

t
= + t
= t + t
e
t
= + t
t
= + t
x k2
2
x k2
(k )
x k2
6
5
x k2
6
.
Cach 2. (3) ( )
= (2sinx 1) sinx cosx 1 0
Nm 2006
1. Gii phng trnh cos3xcos
3
x - sin3xsin
3
x =
2 3 2
8
+

HD.
Pt cho tng ng: cos3x4cos
3
x - sin3x 4sin
3
x =
2 3 2
2
+

cos3x(cos3x +3cosx) - sin3x (3sinx - sin3x) =
2 3 2
2
+

cos
2
3x +sin
2
3x +3(cos3xcosx - sin3xsinx) =
3 2
1
2
+
cos4x =
2
2
;( )
16 2
x k k

= + e
2. Gii phng trnh: 2sin 2x 4sinx +1 =0
6
t | |
+
|
\ .

HD.
Phng trnh tng ng vi:
2
3sin2 os2x +sin4x +1 =0 2 2sinxcosx +4sinx +2sin 0 x c x =
sinx( 3 os +sinx +2) 0 c x =
sinx =0
3 osx +sinx +2 =0 c

x =k
(k )
7
x= 2
6
k

3. Gii phng trnh:
2 2 2
(2sin x 1)tan 2x 3(2cos x -1) =0 +
HD.
Phng trnh Lng gic

102
K: os2x 0 c = .

2 2
os2xtan 2 3 os2x =0 tan 2 0
6 2
c x c x x k

+ = = + , (ke )( tho iu kin)
4. Gii phng trnh: cos2x +(1 +2cosx)(sinx - cosx) =0
HD.
Phng trnh cho tng vi
2 2
cos x - sin x +(1 +2cosx)(sinx - cosx) =0
(sinx - cosx)(cosx - sinx +1) =0
tanx =1
sinx - cosx =0
4
1
cos x + osx - sinx +1 =0
4 2
4 4
x k
c
x k
= +

| |

=
|
= +
\ .

4
( )
2
x k
x k k
x k
= +
= e
= +

5. Gii phng trnh:
3 3 2
cos x sin x 2sin x 1 + + =
HD.
Phng trnh tng ng (sinx + cosx)(1 - sinxcosx) - cos2x =0
(sinx +cosx)(1 - sinxcosx - cosx +sinx) =0
(sinx +cosx)(1 - cosx)(1 +sinx) =0

4
2
2
2
x k
x k
x k
= +
= +
(k e )
6. Gii phng trnh:
3 2
4sin x 4sin x 3sin2x 6cosx 0 + + + =
HD.
Phng trnh cho 4sin
3
x +4sin
2
x +3sin2x +6cosx =0
4sin
2
x(sinx +1)+6cosx(sinx +1) =0
(sinx +1)(4sin
2
x +6cosx) =0
2
sinx =-1
x=- 2
sinx =-1
1
2
osx =- (k )
2 2 2cos 3 osx - 2 =0
x = 2
osx =2 (VN)
3
k
c
x c
k
c

Nm 2007
Phng trnh Lng gic

103
1. Gii phng trnh :
1 1
sin2x sinx 2cotg2x
2sinx sin2x
+ =
HD.
cos
2
2x cosxcos2x =2cos2x v sin2x = 0

=
+ + =
2
cos2x 0
2cos x cosx 1 0(vn)
cos2x =0

t t t
= + t = + e 2x k x k ,(k )
2 4 2
.
2. Gii phng trnh:
2
2cos x 2 3sinxcosx 1 3(sinx 3cosx) + + = +
HD.
2 cos2x 3sin2x 3(sinx 3cosx) + + = +

1 3 1 3
2 2 cos2x sin2x 6 sinx cosx
2 2 2 2
| | | |
+ + = +
| |
| |
\ . \ .

2 2cos 2x 6cos x
3 6
t t | | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

1 cos 2x 3cos x
3 6
t t | | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

2
2cos x 3cos x
6 6
t t | | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

t | |
=
|
\ .
t | |
=
|
\ .
cos x 0
6
3
cos x (loai)
6 2

t +
t
= t +
t
=
t
k
3
2
x k
2 6
x
, (k e ).
3. Gii phng trnh:
2
x 3
cos 2
4 2
x
cos
4 2
x 5
sin =
|
.
|
\
| t

|
.
|
\
| t

HD.

2
x 3
cos 2
2
x
4 2
sin
4 2
x 5
sin =
|
.
|
\
|

t
+
t
|
.
|
\
| t

2
x 3
cos 2
2
x
4
3
sin
4 2
x 5
sin =
|
.
|
\
|

t
|
.
|
\
| t

Phng trnh Lng gic

104

3x 3x
2cos x sin 2cos
4 2 2 2
t t | | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

2
x 3
cos 2
2
x 3
cos
4
x cos 2 =
|
.
|
\
| t
+

t | |
+ =
|
\ .
3x
cos 0
2
2
cos x
4 2

t
= + t
t t
+ = + t
3x
k
2 2
3
x k2
4 4
t t
= +
t
= + t e
=t+ t
2
x k
3 3
x k2 (k )
2
x k2
.
4. Gii phng trnh: gx cot tgx
x sin
x 2 cos
x cos
x 2 sin
= + .
iu kin: = sin2x 0
HD.

x sin
x cos
x cos
x sin
x cos x sin
x sin x 2 sin x cos x 2 cos
=
+
( )
x cos x sin
x cos x sin
x cos x sin
x x 2 cos
2 2

= cosx cos2x + =
2
2cos x cosx 1 0
= = =
1
cosx (cosx 1 : loai v sinx 0)
2
t +
t
= 2 k
3
x , (ke ).
5. Gii phng trnh: 1 x cos
12
x sin 2 2 = |
.
|
\
| t

HD.
1
12
sin
12
x 2 sin 2 =
(
t
|
.
|
\
| t

1
sin 2x sin
12 12 2
t t | |
=
|
\ .

12
cos
6
sin 2
12
sin
4
sin
12
x 2 sin
t t
=
t
+
t
= |
.
|
\
| t

12
5
sin
12
cos
12
x 2 sin
t
=
t
= |
.
|
\
| t

( )
t t
= + t
t t
= + t

5
2x k2
12 12
k
7
2x k2
12 12

( )
t
= + t
t
= + t

x k
4
k
x k
3

6. Gii phng trnh: (1 tanx)(1 +sin2x) =1 +tanx
Phng trnh Lng gic

105
HD.
t: t = tanx
2
t 1
t 2
x 2 sin
+
= . Phng trnh (1) tr thnh:

( )
2
2t
1 t 1 1 t
1 t
| |
+ = +
|
+
\ .
( )( )
2
2
1 t t 1 (t 1)(1 t ) + = + +

( )( )
2
t 1 0
1 t t 1 (1 t )
+ =

+ = +
t 1 t 0 = v = .
Do (1) tanx =0 hoc tanx = 1
x =kt hoc x =
4
t
+kt, (ke )
Cch khc
(cosx sinx)(cosx +sinx)
2
=cosx +sinx
(hin nhin cosx =0 khng l nghim)
cosx +sinx =0 hay (cosx sinx)(cosx +sinx) =1
tanx =-1 hoc cos2x = 1 x =
4
t
+kt hoc x =kt, (ke ).

Nm 2008
1.
Gii phng trnh: tanx cotx =4cos
2
2x
HD.

iu kin: sin x. cos x = 0.
Phng trnh cho :

2 2
sinx osx 2 os2x
4 os 2 4 os 2 0
cosx sinx sin2x
c c
c x c x = + =

1
os2x 2 os2x 0 os2x(1+sin4x)=0
sin2x
c c c
| |
+ =
|
\ .

-
cos2x=0
4 2
x k

= +

-

sin4x =-1
8 2
x k

= +
So vi iu kin suy ra nghim ca phng trnh cho l:

4 2
8 2
x k
x k

= +
= +
(ke ).
2. Gii phng trnh:
2
sin 2x - =sin x - +
4 4 2
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
.
HD.
Phng trnh Lng gic

106
Phng trnh cho sin(2 ) sin sin( )
4 4 4
x x

=
2sin( )cos sin( )
4 4
x x x

=
sin( )(2cos 1) 0
4
x x
=
sin( ) 0
4
(2cos 1) 0
x
x

=

4
2
3
x k
x k
= +
4
(k )
2
3
x k
x k
= +
= +

3. Gii phng trnh
1
2sin x + - sin 2x - =
3 6 2
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
.
HD.
Phng trnh cho:

2
2
3 1 1
sin 3cos sin2 cos2
2 2 2
1 1
sin 3cos 3sin cos (1 2sin )
2 2
(sin sin ) ( 3cos 3sin cos ) 0
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
+ + =
+ + =
+ =

(1 sin )(sin 3cos ) 0
1 sin 0 (1)
sin 3cos 0 (2)
x x x
x
x x
+ =
=

+ =

(1) sin 1 2
2
(2) sin( ) 0 ,( )
3 3
x x k
x x k k

= = +
+ = = + e

Vy phng trnh cho c nghim 2
2
x k
= + ;
3
x k
= + ,( ) ke
4. Gii phng trnh
2
x
3sinx +cos2x +sin2x =4sinxcos
2

HD. Phng trnh cho:
( )
2
3sin 1 sin sin2 2sin cos 1 x x x x x + + = +
2
2sin sin 1 0 x x =
Phng trnh Lng gic

107
1
sin
2
sin 1
x
x
( )
2
6
7
2
6
2
2
x k
x k k
x k
= +
= + e
= +

5. Gii phng trnh
4 4
4(sin x +cos x) +cos4x +sin2x =0.
HD. Phng trnh cho:
2 2 2 2 2 2
4(sin os ) 8sin cos 1 2sin 2 +sin2x =0 x c x x x x + +
2
4sin 2 +sin2x +5 =0 x
sin2 1
5
sin2
4
[
x
x
=
=
(loi)
2 2
2
x k
= +
,( )
4
x k k
= + e
6. Gii phng trnh
2
2
tan tanx 2
sin
tan 1 2 4
x
x
x
+ | |
= +
|
+
\ .
.
HD. iu kin: cosx = 0.

2
2
2(tan tanx)
sin cos
tan 1
x
x x
x
+
= +
+

2cos
2
x(tan
2
x +tanx) =sinx +cosx
2sin
2
x +2sinxcosx =sinx +cosx, cosx = 0.
(sinx +cosx)(2sinx - 1) =0, cosx = 0.

4
2 ( )
6
5
2
6
x k
x k k
x k
= +
= + e
= +

12. CC PHNG TR NH LNG GIC TRONG CC CH NH
THC THI TUYN SINH VO I HC V CAO NG T 2002 N
2010

1. D2002. Tm x thuc on [0; 14] nghim ng phng trnh:
cos3x - 4cos2x +3cosx - 4 =0
2. B2002. Gii phng trnh sin
2
3x - cos
2
4x =sin
2
5x - cos
2
6x
3. A2002. Tm nghim thuc on (0; 2 ) ca phng trnh:
Phng trnh Lng gic

108

cos3x +sin3x
5 sinx + =cos2x +3
1 +sin2x
| |
|
\ .

4. D2003. Gii phng trnh
2 2 2
x x
sin - tg x - cos = 0
2 4 2
| |
|
\ .

5. B2003. Gii phng trnh cotgx - tgx +4sin2x =
2
sin2x


2
cos2x 1
cotgx - 1 = +sin x - sin2x
1 +tgx 2

7. D2004. Gii phng trnh (2cosx - 1)(2sinx +cosx) =sin2x - sinx
8. B2004. Gii phng trnh 5sinx - 2 =3(1 - sinx)tg
2
x
4 4
3
cos +sin x +cos x - sin 3x - - = 0
4 4 2
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .

10. B2005. Gii phng trnh 1 + sinx + cosx + sin2x + cos2x = 0
cos
2
3x.cos2x - cos
2
x =0
12. A2006. Gii phng trnh
( )
6 6
2 cos x +sin x - sinxcosx
= 0
2 - 2sinx

13. B2006. Gii phng trnh
x
ctogx +sinx 1 +tgx.tg =0
2
| |
|
\ .

14. D2006. Gii phng trnh cos3x + cos2x - cosx - 1 =0
15. A2007. Gii phng trnh (1 +sin
2
x)cosx +(1 +cos
2
x)sinx =1 +sin2x
16. B2007. Gii phng trnh 2sin
2
2x +sin7x - 1 =sinx
2
sin cos 3cos 2
2 2
x x
x
| |
+ + =
|
\ .

1 1 7
4sin( )
3
sin 4
sin( )
2
x
x
x
+ =

3 2 2
sin 3 osx =sinxcos 3sin osx x c x xc
20. D2008. Gii phng trnh 2sinx(1 +cos2x) +sin2x =1 +2cosx
(1 2sin ) osx
3
(1 +sin2x)(1 - sinx)
x c
=
3
sinx +cosxsin2x + 3 os3x =2(cos4x +sin ) c x
23. D2009. Gii phng trnh 3 os5x - 2sin3xcos2x - sinx =0 c
(1 sinx +cos2x)sin x +
1 4
osx
1 +tanx 2
c
| |
+
|
\ .
=
25. B2010. Gii phng trnh (sin2x +cos2x)cosx +2cos2x - sinx =0
26. D2010. Gii phng trnh sin2x - cos2x +3sinx - cosx - 1 =0
Phng trnh Lng gic

109

13. CC PHNG TR NH LNG GIC TRONG B THI TUYN
SINH VO I HC V CAO NG
1. Gii phng trnh cosx +
1
cosx
+sinx +
1
sinx
=
10
3
2
2. Gii phng trnh log
3
(sin
2
x
- sinx) +
1
3
log ( cos2 )
2
x
sin x + =0 3
3. Tm cc gi trx e (0;
2
) tha phng trnh:

sin3 sin
1 cos2
x x
x
=sin2x +cos2x
4
4. Cho pt: (1- a)tg
2
x -
2
cosx
+1 +3a =0
a) Gii pt khi a =
1
2

b) Tm tt c cc gi trtham s a pt cho c hn mt nghim e (0;
2
)
5
5. Gii pt: 2cosx - sinx =1 7
6. Gii v bin lun theo k pt:
1
cosx
-
1
sinx
=k 8
7. Gii pt: tanx +tan
2
x +tan
3
x +cotx +cot
2
x +cot
3
x =6 141
8. cos
3
4x =cos3xcos
3
x +sin3xsin
3
x 142
9. Tm nghim x e ( -
3
4
; ) ca pt:
a
2
sinx - asin
2
x - a
2
cosx +acos
2
x =cosx - sinx 144
10. Cho pt cos2x - (2m +1)cosx +m +1 =0
a) Gii pt khi m =
3
2

b) Tm tt c cc gi trm pt c nghim e (
2
;
3
2
) 9
11. Xc nh a hai pt sau tng ng:
2cosxcos2x =1 +cos2x +cos3x
4cos
2
x - cos3x =acosx +(4 - a)(1 +cos2x) 10
12. Gii bt phng trnh: 4(x
3
- 2x +1)(sinx +2cosx) > 9
3
2 3 x x +
13. Xc inh a pt sau c nghim: cos
6
x +sin
6
x =asin2x 11
14. Tm min, max y = 3sinx +cosx =
2 3
2
x+

Tm nghim ca pt sin((x+1)y) =sin
2
xy +sin
2
(x-1)y bit rng (x+1)y, xy,
(x-1)y l s o cc gc ca mt tam gic.
15. Gii pt sin
3
x +cos
3
x =2 - sin
4
x 150
Phng trnh Lng gic

110
16. Gii hpt:
1
sin
4
3tan tan
xcosy
x y
12
17. Gii hpt:
tan cot 2sin( )
4
tan cot 2sin( )
4
x x y
y y x
+ = +
+ =
23
18. Cho pt
2
2
3
3tan
sin
x
x
+ +m(tanx +cotx) - 1 =0
a) Gii pt khi m =4
b) Tm m pt c nghim. 13
19. 2cos
2
3
5
x
+1 =3cos
4
5
x
15
20. Tm cc nghim x e (
2
; 3 ) ca pt:
sin(2x +
5
2
) - 3cos(x -
7
2
) =1 +2sinx 16
21. 2(2sinx - 1) =4(sinx -1) - cos(2x +
4
) - sin(2x +
4
) 17
22. 3cosx +4sinx +
6
3cos 4sin 1 x x + +
=6 18
23. 8sin
2
xcosx =
3 1
cos sin x x
+ 22
24. Gii hpt:
1
sin cos sin cos
2
3
2sin2 sin2
2
x x y y
x y
+ = +
= +
32
25. Gii pt:
sin sin 2
cos cos 2
x y
x y
+ =
+ =
33
26. Cho hpt:
2
2(cos2 cos2 ) 1 4cos 0
x y m
x y m
=
+ =

Tm m hc nghim. Tm nghim . 65
27.
tgy - tgx - tgxtgy =1
cos2 3cos2 1 y x
+ =
75
28. Cho pt: msinx +(m+1)cosx =
osx
m
c

a) gpt khi m =
1
2

b) Gi s m l gi tr lm cho pt c nghim. Gi x
1
, x
2
l hai nghim
Phng trnh Lng gic

111
sao cho x
1
+x
2

2
= +k . H y tnh cos2(x
1
+x
2
) 145
*** Ch rng: cos2(x
1
+x
2
) =
2
1 2
2
1 2
1 tan ( )
1 tan ( )
x x
x x
+
+ +

29. sinx +
2 2
2 sin 2 sin 3 x sinx x + = 146
30. Cho pt :
6 6
2 2
cos sin
2 tan2
cos sin
x x
m x
x x
+
=

a) Gii pt khi m =1/8
b) Vi gi tr no ca m th pt c nghm 147
32. tg
2
x =
1 cos
1 sin
x
x
133
33. cos3xcos
3
x +sin3xsin
3
x =
2
4
135
34. Tm tng tt c cc nghim xe[0;40] ca pt: 2cos
2
x +cot
2
x =
3
2
sin 1
sin
x
x
+

136
35. 2sin(3x +
3
4
) =
2
1 8sin2 2 xcos x + 25
36. a) sin2(x - ) - sin(3x - ) =sinx
b) Tm a pt sin2(x - ) - sin(3x - ) =asinx c nghim x k =
28
37.
1 1 2
cos sin2 sin4 x x x
+ = 30
38. tan
2
2xtan
2
3xtan5x =tan
2
2x - tan
2
3x +tan5x 34
39.
2
2
sin cos cos
cos sin sin
x x y
x x y
=
79
40. Cho h:
2
2
sin tan
tan sin
x m y m
y m x m
+ =
+ =

a) Gii hkhi m =1
b) Vi gi tr no ca m th h c nghim 87
41. tan
2
x +tan
2
y +cot
2
(x +y) =1 99
42. Cho pt : 1 sin 1 sin x x k + + =
a) Gii pt khi k =2
b) Gii v bin lun theo k. 37
43. Tm t sao cho pt:
2sin 1
sin 2
x
t
x
+
=
+
c 2 nghim thuc on [0; ] 38
44. a) 3cosx +cos2x - cos3x +1 =2sinxsin2x (1)
b) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham sm pt(1) tng ng vi pt sau:
mcos3x +(4 - 8m)sin
2
x +(7m - 4)cosx +(8m - 4) =0 40
45. cos2x - 3sin2x - 3cosx - sinx +4 =0
Phng trnh Lng gic

112
46. 2 +2sinx - 2cos
2
x - 2sin( x+
4
) =0
47. Cho pt sinx +mcosx =1 (1)
a) Gii pt khi m =- 3
b) Tm m pt (1) v nghim.
c) Xc nh m pt(1) tng ng vi msinx + cosx = m
2

42
48.
3(cos2 cot2 )
2sin2 2
cot2 cos2 )
x x
x
x x
+
=
45
49. cotx =tanx +
1
sinx
46
50.
2
cos (2sin 3 2) 2cos 1
1 sin2
x x x
x
+
+
=1 47
51. sin
2
2x - cos
2
8x =sin(
17
2
+10x) 48
52. 3sin3x - 3cos9x =1 +4sin
3
3x 49
53. sin cos x x +4sin2x =1 51
54. cos
4
3
x =cos
2
x 52
55. Gii v bin lun:
2 2
2
a - bcosx 2 a - b tany
=
sinx 1 +tan y
44
56. Cho pt 3cosx +2sinx =k
Gii pt khi k =2, k =3. 57
57. Tm s dng a nh nht tha pt: cos( (a
2
+2a -
1
2
) - sin a
2

58
58. x
2
- 2xsinxy +1 =0 60
59. cos2x + 1 +sin2x=2 sinx +cosx 64
60. Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th pt sau c nghim:
1 2cos 1 2sin x x m + + + = 66
61. 2cos
3
x +cos2x +sinx =0 68
62. a) 4cosx - 2cos2x- cos4x =1 69
b) 3tan3x +cot2x =2tanx +
2
sin4x
71
63. a) gpt (cos4x - cos2x)
2
=5 +sin3x
b)Xc nh a pt sau c nghim:
(cos4x - cos2x)
2
=(a
2
+4a +3)( a
2
+4a +6) +7 +sin3x 74
64. Gii cc pt: sin
4
x +cos
4
(x +
4
) =
1
4

(tanx +
1
4
cotx)
n
=cos
n
x +sin
n
x , n =2, 3, 4.... 77
64. a) Cc s x, y, z tha: x +y +z =n
Phng trnh Lng gic

113
Chng minh : cos
2
x + cos
2
y +cos
2
z =1 +(-1)
n
.2cosxcosycosz
b) Gii phng trnh: 2log
3
cotx =log
2
cosx 78
65. a) cos
4
x sin
4
x = cos sin x x +
b) Chng minh rng tn ti mt tam gic m s o cc gc ca n nghim
ng phng trnh: (56 - 65sinx)(80 - 64sinx - 65cos
2
x) 80
67. 1 +sin
2
x
sinx - cos
2
x
sin
2
x =2
2
os
4 2
x
c
| |
|
\ .
81
68. Xc nh tham s m sao cho phng trnh sau c 7 nghim khc nhau thuc
khong ( - ;2
2
) 82
69. a) cos2x - cos6x +4(3sinx - 4sin
3
x +1) =0
b) (sin
3
2
x
+1/ sin
3
2
x
)
2
+(cos
3
2
x
+1/ cos
3
2
x
)
2
=
4
81
cos 4
4
x 83
70. cos 2sin cos3 1 2sin cos2 x x x x x + = + 86
71. Cho phng trnh (2sinx -1)(2cos2x +2sinx +m) =3 - 4cos
2
x
a. Gii pt khi m =1.
b. Tm m pt c ng hai nghim thuc [0; ] 89
72.
sin sin2 sin3
3
cos cos2 cos3
x x x
x x x
+ +
=
+ +
90
73. 6sinx - 2cos
3
x =
5sin4 cos
2cos2
x x
x
93
74. sin4xcos16x =1 91
75. Gii v bin lun pt: (m-1)sin
2
x -2(m+1)cosx+2m-1=0 95
76. a) Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht: y = cos sin x x +
b) Tm m pt sin4x =mtgx c nghim khc k 96
77. Cho pt: 6tanx +acot3x =tan2x
a) Gpt v i a =0
b) Gpt v i a =5 97
78. tg
2
x =
3
3
1- cos x
1- sin x
100
79. 1) Cc di cnh ca tam gic ABC lp thnh mt cp s nhn. chng
minh rng tam gic khng thc hai gc l n hn 60
0
.
2) Gpt: 2(tanx -sinx) +3(cotx - cosx) +5 =0 106
80. 1) Gpt:
2
sin x - 2sinx +2 =2sinx - 1
2) Tam gic ABC c cc gc A, B, C theo th t lp thnh cp s nhn cng
bi bng 2. Chng minh
1 1 1
a b c
= + . 107
81. Gpt:
1 cos 1 cos
4
cos
x x
sinx
x
+ +
= 108
82. Gpt:
10 10 6 6
2 2
sin cos sin cos
4 4cos 2 sin 2
x x x x
x x
+ +
=
+
109
Phng trnh Lng gic

114
83. Gii cc pt: 1)
1 cos4 sin4
2sin2 1 cos4
x x
x x
=
+

2) cos
3
x +sin
3
x =sinx - cosx
110
84. Gpt: cos2 1 sin2 2 sin cos x x x x + = 111
85. 6sinx - 2cos
3
x =5sin2xcosx 112
86. sin
3
x(1 +cotx) +cos
3
x(1 +tanx) =2 113
87. Cho pt (4 - 6m)sin
3
x +3(2m - 1)sinx +2(m-2)sin
2
xcosx - (4m - 3)cosx =0
1) Gpt khi m =2
2) Tm m pt c ng mt nghim thuc [0;
4
] 114
88. Cho pt: 2cosxcos2xcos3x +m =7cos2x
1) Gii pt khi m =- 7
2) Xc nh m pt c nhiu hn mt nghim thuc [
3
8
;
8
]
115
89. Tm a, b hai pt sau tng ng:
asin2x + 2 =2cosx +a 2sinx
2sin
2
x +cos2x +sin2x +b =2bsinx +cosx +1 117
90. Gii v bin lun theo a pt:
2 2 2
2
sin 2
1 tan cos2
a x a
x x
+
=
124
91. Gpt: sinx + 3cosx = 2 cos2 3sin2 x x + + 127
92. Gii v bin lun: cosax + cos 2bx - cos(a+2b)x =1 129
93. Gii pt: sin
2
x +
1
4
sin
2
3x =sinxsin
2
3x 131
94. Gii pt: cos
4
x - cos2x +2cos
6
x =0 72
95. Gii pt:
2 2
7 7
3sin2 2sin
log log 2
sin2 cos
x x
x x
x x

= 125

Phn th ba.

KT LUN

Vi mt n lc c nhn, cng vi h thng thng tin mng mang li nim am
m, ti t thy mn nguyn vi cng vic ca mnh. C th m rng s lng
cc V d bng cch ny hay cch khc, nhng thi gian khng cho php.
Trong phm vi l mt sng kin kinh nghim, ti nhn thy, ti mnh thc hin
c ngha thc tin trong mc tiu gio dc v o to bc hc THPT. Khng th
trnh khi nhng sai st, xin c lng th v xin c t lng bit n cc
kin gp chn thnh c th hon thin hn.

ng Hi, thng 5 nm 2011
Phng trnh Lng gic

115
TI LI U THAM KHO:
1. B thi TS vo cc trng H v Cao ng - NXB Gio dc 1983
2. thi vo cc trng i hc v Cao ng - http://Mathscope.org
3. D b thi vo cc trng i hc v Cao ng - http://Mathscope.org

Mc lc

1. Phng trnh lng gic c bn.
2. Phng trnh bc nht, bc hai, bc ba i vi mt hm s lng gic.
3. Phng trnh asinx +bcosx =c.
4. Phng trnh i xng i vi sinx v cosx
5. Phng trnh a(sinx - cosx) +bsinxcosx +c =0
6. Phng trnh asin
2
x +bcos
2
x +csinxcosx =d
7. Phng trnh:
asin
3
x +bcos
3
x +csin
2
xcosx +dsinxcos
2
x +dsinx +ecosx =0
2
x +cot
2
x) +c =0
2
x +cot
2
x) +c =0
10.1. Bin i vtch
10.2. Bin i thng v phng trnh lng gic cbn
10.3. Cc phng trnh lng gic khng mu mc
Cc phng trnh lng gic trong cc D b thi TS vo H&C
t 2002 n 2010
12. Cc phng trnh lng gic trong cc chnh thc thi TS vo
H&C t 2002 n 2010
13. Cc phng trnh lng gic trong b thi TS vo i hc &Cao ng

3
7
27
35
39
43

46
47
49

49
74
81

90

107
109
Phng trnh Lng gic

116

NH GI V XP LOI CA T TON.

NH GI V XP LOI CA HKH
TRNG THPT CHUYN QUNG B NH.

Phuong Trinh Luong Giac 5

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Trn Xun Bang - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh

Phng trnh Lng gic

cos2x 1 (loai do sin2x 0)

= = + x x m khng tha phng trnh.

) cos ( ) cos (cos

VD21. Gii phng trnh

+ , ke b loi do iu kin cot x = -1. Vy nghim ca ca phng

tanx cotx 1 (1)

tanx cotx 2 (2)

. ieu kien :cos2x 0 =

) tha phng trnh:

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