TRIT L QUN L KAIZEN Kaizen - Mt l thuyt qun tr vi t tng: Lun ghi nhn kin ng gp ca nhn vin, khuyn khch

h nhn vin bo co mi vn . Vy Kaizen l g? Kaizen l trit l kinh t Nht ni ting c ng dng c bit thnh cng trong c doanh nghip va v nh trn tt c cc lnh vc phng Ty. Kaizen cung cp mt phng php mi i vi tt c mi ngi trong mt t chc. l mt trit l v nn tng khuyn khch thc y cc nhn vin trong mt cng ty lin tc t c hiu qu v nng sut lao ng cao hn, v quan trng hn, t c mc tiu cao hn v s hi lng, doanh thu v li nhun.

Kaizen c ghp t hai t ting Nht: Kai - "Thay i v Zen - "Tt hn", ngha l "Thay i tt hn" hoc "Ci tin lin tc". Xut pht t suy ngh rng "trc trc" c th ny sinh lin tc bt kz thi im no, b phn no ca doanh nghip trong qu trnh hot ng, ngi Nht ra trit l qun l Kaizen vi ni dung 5S (nm nguyn tc bt u bng ch S trong ting Nht) khc phc cc "trc trc" ny:Seiri - Sng lc (Sort - ting Anh): Nhm loi b tt c mi th khng cn thit, khng c gi tr ra khi cng vic, nh xng, t chc... Seiton - Sp xp (Simply - ting Anh): Phn loi, h thng ho bt c th g cng c th "d tm, d thy, d ly, d kim tra, d tr li". Seiso - Sch s (Shine - ting Anh): Thc cht l lau chi, qut dn, v sinh, kim tra xem mi th c c sp xp ng ni quy nh. (Ba nguyn tc nu trn thc cht ch l vic sng lc, sp xp phn loi khoa hc h thng nh xng, my mc, cng c sn xut v tng v sinh doanh nghip). Hai nguyn tc tip theo: Seiketsu - Sn sc (Standardize - ting Anh): Nhm "Tiu chun ho", "quy trnh ho" nhng g t dc vi ba nguyn tc nu trn mi thnh vin ca doanh nghip tun theo mt cch bi bn, h thng. Shitsuke - Sn sng (Sustain - ting Anh): Gio dc, duy tr v ci tin bn nguyn tc nu trn trong bt kz mi hon cnh no v trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca doanh nghip. S khc bit gia Kaizen v i mi Trong khi phng Ty ch trng "i mi" c tnh tc thi, t ph v cng ngh, k thut... vi kt qu r rng, ngi Nht thng quan tm n "Ci tin lin tc", ci tin hng ngy vi mc tiu lm th

no ngy hm nay tt hn ngy hm qua, d ch mt cht. Hiu qu ca Kaizen v th rt tinh t, nh b v khng nhn thy ngay, nhng v lu di Kaizen gip doanh nghip pht trin n nh v c sc cnh tranh cao. S khc bit gia Kaizen v "i mi" c trnh by trong bng di y:

TIU CH

KAIZEN Di hn, khng gy n tng hng ngy Cc bc nh Lin tc, tng dn Dn dn N lc tp th Mi ngi Duy tr, ci tin Truyn thng t, dn dn Con ngi Qu trnh, s n lc

I MI

Tnh hiu qu

Ngn hn, gy n tng

Nhp Khung thi gian Mc thay i Cch tip cn Phm vi lin quan Mc ch Phng php u t nh hng nh gi

Bc ln Cch qung t ngt N lc c nhn Mt vi ngi t ph, xy dng t ph k thut Ln, tc thi Cng ngh, k thut Kt qu, li nhun

Kt hp Kaizen v i mi

Trong thc t khng c ci g tn ti vnh cu. Tt c cc h thng u i n s xung cp sau khi chng c thit lp. Mt trong cc nh lut ni tin nht ca Parkinson l Mt t chc khi hnh thnh c mt cu trc th cng l lc t chc bt u xung cp. Ni cch khc, ci thin hoc thm ch duy tr hin trng th tt yu phi c nhng n lc lin tc.

Khi khng c s n lc ci tin lin tc th s xung cp l khng trnh khi. Do , thm ch khi i mi to ra mt chun mc hot ng mi tn ti th mc hot ng mi cng s suy gim nu nh chun mc ny khng c b sung v ci tin lin tc. Do vy, bt c khi no i mi t c th n phi c tip ni vi cc hot ng ca Kaizen duy tr v ci tin n. Trong khi i mi l mt s t ph m nh hng ca n c to dng dn dn nh s cnh tranh c ch v s ph hu cc chun mc, cn Kaizen l n lc vi cc nh hng tch lu nh du mt tin b vng chc theo thi gian. Nu cc chun mc ch tn ti duy tr hin trng, chng s khng b nh hng chng no mc hot ng c th chp nhn c. Kaizen, mt khc c ngha l mt n lc thng xuyn khng ch duy tr m cn nng cp cc chun mc. Cc nh chin lc Kaizen tin rng cc chun mc v bn cht l d nh ging nh cc bc vi mt chun mc ny dn ti chun mc khc khi cc n lc ci tin lin tc c thc hin. c im ca Kaizen

- L qu trnh ci tin lin tc ni lm vic. - Tp trung nng cao nng sut v tho mn yu cu khch hng thng qua gim lng ph. - Trin khai da trn s tham gia nhit tnh ca mi thnh vin vi s cam kt mnh m ca lnh o. - c bin nhn mnh hot ng nhm. - Thu thp v phn tch d liu l cng c hu hiu.

Lu { rng Kaizen khng phi l mt cng c, khng phi l mt k thut m l trit l qun l. Kaizen khng i hi vn u t ln nhng yu cu s cam kt v n lc mi cp ca doanh nghip (c bit l cp lnh o). Cc yu t quyt nh s thnh cng ca hot ng Kaizen v 5S bao gm: Cam kt ca lnh do cao nht, vai tr ca cn b qun l cc phng ban, t, nhm, s n lc tham gia ca mi ngi, vic trin khai ci tin c thc hin lin tc, hng ngy.

Cc bc thc hin v yu cu: Ging cc cng c qun l cht lng ISO, TQM... hot ng Kaizen cng dc trin khai trn c s vng lp xoy c PDCA (P - K hoch) - D (Thc hin) - C (Kim tra) - A (Hnh ng, Ci tin). Tm bc thc hin Kaizen c tiu chun ho bao gm: Bc 1: La chn ch (cng vic, b phn...) (P) Bc 2: Tm hiu hin trng v xc nh mc tiu (P) Bc 3: Phn tch d kin thu thp xc nh nguyn nhn (P) Bc 4: Xc nh bin php thc hin trn c s phn tch d liu (P) Bc 5: Thc hin bin php (D) Bc 6: Xc nhn kt qu thc hin (C) Bc 7: Xy dng hoc sa i cc tiu chun phng nga ti din (A) Bc 8: Xem xt cc qu trnh trn v xc nh d n tip theo (A) Lu { rng Kaizen khng phi l mt cng c, khng phi l mt k thut m l trit l qun l. Khi zen khng i hi vn u t ln nhng yu cu s cam kt v n lc mi cp ca doanh nghip (c bit l cp lnh o). Cc yu t quyt nh s thnh cng ca hot ng Kaizen v 5S bao gm: Cam kt ca

lnh do cao nht, vai tr ca cn b qun l cc phng ban, t, nhm, s n lc tham gia ca mi ngi, vic trin khai ci tin c thc hin lin tc, hng ngy. Li ch p dng: Kaizen lc u c Hng xe hi Toyota (Japan) p dng nng cao nng lc sn xut, gim gi thnh, tng li nhun... Sau thnh cng ca Toyota, Kaizen v 5S c nhiu nc trn th gii, k c Vit Nam hc tp v vn dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau. Trong doanh nghip, p dng Kaizen v 5S s lm tng nng sut, tng nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip nh gim thiu nhng lng ph nh: 1. Sn xut d tha: Lm tng ri ro li mt, sn xut sai chng loi sn phm dn ti nguy c phi bn vi gi chit khu hay b i di dng ph liu. 2. Khuyt tt: Gm cc khuyt tt sn phm lm tng chi ph sn xut, hng bn, cng bao gm sai st giy t v thng tin v sn phm, chm giao hng, sn xut sai quy cch, lng ph nguyn vt liu... 3. Tn kho: Hu qu l chi ph tn kho v bo qun cao, lng ph khng gian, gim quay vng vn hiu qu ... 4. Di chuyn bt hp l: Gy lng ph thi gian, tin bc, cng sc, nguyn nhin vt liu, mt bng, ng s, nh xng 5. Ch i: L thi gian nhn lc hay my mc nhn ri bi s tc nghn hay lung sn xut trong h thng sn xut km hiu qu. 6. Thao tc tha ca cng nhn, my mc thit b: nh hng n nng sut lao ng, nh mc nguyn nhin vt liu, tng gi thnh sn phm...

7. Sa sai:

Do ln gia cng u khng t cht lng, gy lng ph sc lao ng, s dng thit b km hiu qu, lm gin on, ch tc, nh tr trong sn xut... Bn cnh nhng li ch hu hnh v kinh t, v sinh mi trng, an ton lao ng, Kaizen cn mang li nhng li ch v hnh nh: lng t ho v doanh nghip, ng lc pht huy sng kin, k lut lao ng cao, mi trng vn ho doanh nghip lnh mnh gip cc cc thnh vin ca doanh nghip on kt v gn b trong mi nh chung. Trong cuc sng i thng, cc c nhn v gia nh cng c th p dng Kaizen 5S tit kim thi gian, tin bc, cng sc, gim thiu nhng quyt nh, la chn bt hp l{ gy cng thng mt ng b cuc sng nh nhng hiu qu v hnh phc hn. Vi "Seiri", Kaizen s gip gii phng ngi nh ta khi nhng vt dng "hm b lng", "b th thng, vng th ti" nh g, in hng, qun o c, chai l, ti lilon, hp carton... Khng gian sng s rng hn, thong hn v bit u nhng th ny li tr thnh vt hu ch cho nhiu ngi khc... Vi "Seiton", Kaizen gip ta khng lng ph thi gian tm kim cun sch, cy bt bi, i giy, my di ng, chm cha kho, tp ti liu ... b ta qung mt cch v thc nh trc. Vi "Seiso", Kaizen gip ngi nh ta lun gn gng, ngn np, sch s, thong mt...