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Nguyn Vn Nghim
Tin hc
Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
MC LC
A. t vn ......................................................................................................... 1
1. L do chn ti ............................................................................................ 1
2. Gii hn ca ti ......................................................................................... 2
3. Phng php nghin cu................................................................................ 2
4. Khung l thuyt .............................................................................................. 2
B. Ni dung ........................................................................................................... 4
I. Thc trng vn . .......................................................................................... 4
II. C s l lun ca ti ................................................................................. 4
1. Bn cht v cu trc ca nng khiu tin hc .............................................. 5
2. Cc c th ca tin hc. .............................................................................. 5
Chn lnh vc ca tin hc: ............................................................................... 6
Ba qu trnh trong nhn thc lun ca tin hc .............................................. 7
3. Nhng tiu ch ca nng khiu tin hc trong la tui hc sinh ph thng. 8
4. Tr tu v o lng tr tu ........................................................................... 9
III. La chn v xy dng cng c o lng................................................... 11
1. Cng c o ch s IQ ................................................................................ 12
2. Cng c o ch s AQ ............................................................................... 12
3. Cng c o ch s GQ ............................................................................... 12
III. Kho st v phn tch ................................................................................. 13
IV. Kt qu t c v kh nng ng dng thc tin .................................... 15
1. B cng c o lng ................................................................................. 15
2. Kt qu p dng ti n v ........................................................................ 16
3. Kh nng ng dng SKKN vo cc n v khc ...................................... 16
C. Kt lun........................................................................................................... 17
Ti liu tham kho ............................................................................................... 18
PH LC ............................................................................................................ 19
Ph lc 1. Test Raven ...................................................................................... 19
Ph lc 2. Test R.C.C ....................................................................................... 20
Ph lc 3. Test AQ ........................................................................................... 26
Ph lc 4. Test GMAT ..................................................................................... 30
Ph lc 5. Test GQ ........................................................................................... 35
Nhn xt ca hi ng khoa hc ......................................................................... 38
Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
A. t vn
1. L do chn ti
Mt trong nhng nhim v quan trong ca trng chuyn l pht hin v
bi dng hc sinh c nng khiu nhm phc v mc tiu pht trin nng khiu
ca cc em v mt s mn hc trn c s m bo gio dc ph thng ton din;
gio dc cc em thnh ngi c lng yu nc, tinh thn vt kh, t ho, t
tn dn tc; c kh nng t hc, nghin cu khoa hc v sng to; c sc khe
tt tip tc o to thnh nhn ti p ng yu cu pht trin t nc[3].
Cng tc pht hin, tuyn chn hc sinh gii cc mn hc bc THPT
thng c thc hin bng cch t chc thi chn hc sinh vo i tuyn vi
cc bi thi kim tra kin thc chuyn mn. Tuy nhin, do c th ca mn tin
hc nn vic kim tra kin thc chuyn ngnh l khng th thc hin ngay u
nm lp 10. V vy vic tuyn chn hc sinh thng c thc hin bng cch
(1) dy i tr mt thi gian sau mi cho thi chn hoc (2) gio vin cn c
vo kinh nghim nh gi nng lc hc sinh v hc lc cc mn t nhin cp
hai ca hc sinh chn vo i tuyn. C hai cch trn u c nhng hn ch,
theo cch (1) th khng th chn i tuyn sm c m theo cch (2) th mang
tnh cm tnh v thng khng chn c hc sinh c nng khiu tht s mn
Tin hc.
Nh vy, vic nghin cu mt phng php nh gi nng lc, nng
khiu tim n ca hc sinh mn tin hc mt cch bi bn, khoa hc l tht s
cn thit song n nay cha c ti no cp n vn ny. Trc nhu cu
thc t trong cng tc ti trng nhng nm qua, tc gi tin hnh nghin cu
cc phng php nh gi nng lc tr tu ca hc sinh, cc c trng ca mn
tin hc v kinh nghim ging dy ca bn thn xy dng phng php nh
gi, tuyn chn hc sinh vo i tuyn tin hc mt cch bi bn, khoa hc.
ti sng kin kinh nghim Tuyn chn hc sinh vo i tuyn bi dng HSG
mn Tin hc nhm chia s cng cc bn ng nghip mt cng c tuyn chn
hc sinh c nng khiu tin hc vo i tuyn bi dng hc sinh gii mn Tin
hc.
y cng l bc u thc hin nhim v Tng bc p dng phng
php pht hin nng khiu, xc nh ch s thng minh, ch s sng to trong
vic tuyn sinh vo trung hc ph thng chuyn nu ti Quyt nh s 959/Q-
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
IQ
Nng
khiu
Tin hc
AQ
GQ
Trong :
- IQ l ch s thng minh;
- AQ l ch s vt kh;
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
- GQ l nhn t c th (1);
- Nng khiu tin hc: Bao hm Nng lc tim n to nn nng khiu tin
hc.
Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
B. Ni dung
I. Thc trng vn .
Trong cng tc bi dng hc sinh gii th vic pht hin v tuyn chn
ng hc sinh c nng khiu mn hc gi vo i tuyn l iu rt quan
trng v l yu t quyt nh n cht lng i tuyn. Thc t c khng t hc
sinh tham gia i tuyn ch c mt thi gian phi xin ngh v khng th theo
kp. C nhng i tuyn phi tuyn b sung hc sinh v tin hnh dy li t u
cho hc sinh mi c tuyn rt mt thi gian m hiu qu khng cao do thi
gian c c bi dng ca hc sinh chn sau khng nhiu hoc c nhng
trng hp theo i tuyn thi gian di nhng vn khng t gii trong cc k
thi HSG
Khc vi nhiu mn hc khc, mn Tin hc l mn hc mi, mi c v lch
s ra i v mi c vi ngha l mt mn hc chnh kha trong trng hc ph
thng Vit Nam. n nay, mn tin hc chnh kha mi ch c t lp 10 n
lp 12. cp THCS mn tin hc l mn hc t chn, cng vi nhng kh khn
v c s vt cht cng nh gio vin tin hc nn nhiu trng khng dy hoc
ch dy mt s lp nn hc sinh u cp (lp 10) khng ng u v kin thc
tin hc. C em thm ch cha bit khi ng my tnh v cha tng c hc tin
hc.
Chnh nhng c th nu trn nn vic pht hin nng khiu tin hc hc
sinh lp 10 khng th thc hin bng cc bi kim tra chuyn mn (k nng lp
trnh) nh cc mn hc khc m i hi mt cch tip cn khc, mt phng
php khc nh gi ng c nng lc ca cc em, c bit l nhng em c
nng khiu tim n nhng cha tng c hc mn tin hc.
Trng chuyn Quang Trung ang nghin cu thc hin Quyt nh s
959/Q-TTg ngy 24/6/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt n pht
trin h thng trng THPT chuyn giai on 2010-2020 trong c nhim v
Tng bc p dng phng php pht hin nng khiu, xc nh ch s thng
minh, ch s sng to trong vic tuyn sinh vo trung hc ph thng chuyn[8].
II. C s l lun ca ti
Trong phn ny tc gi tng hp, phn tch cc ti liu lm r cc vn
l thuyt lin quan n ti nghin cu v lm c s l lun cho vic hnh
thnh khung l thuyt v phc v mc tiu nghin cu ca ti.
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
Theo sch gio khoa tin hc 10 (NXB Gio dc Vit Nam) nh ngha:
Tin hc l mt ngnh khoa hc c mc tiu pht trin v s dng my tnh in
t nghin cu cu trc, tnh cht ca thng tin, phng php thu nhp, lu
tr, tm kim, bin i, truyn thng tin v ng dng vo cc lnh vc khc nhau
ca i sng x hi.
Theo Perter Denning, chng ta c th liu k chn lnh vc v ba qu trnh
nhn thc ca tin hc nh sau:
Chn lnh vc ca tin hc:
(1) Thut ton v cu trc d liu. nghin cu cc lp bi ton gii c bng
my tnh in t v nh gi hiu qu ca li gii. tm hiu cc c trng
ca thut ton/thut gii v cc cch t chc d liu ph hp vi cc thao
tc ca gii thut.
(2) Cc phng php thit k nhm xy dng c h thng tnh ton kh thi
v c hiu qu co. Lnh vc ny nghin cu cu trc v cch th hin, ci
t cc b x l, t chc vin thng v cc giai din phn mm cng nh
vic thit k v iu hnh cc h thng tnh ton phc tp.
(3) Tr tu nhn to v ngi my (robotics) nghin cu cc m hnh v cc
phng thc xy dng cc my m phng cc hnh vi ca con ngi hay
gii sinh vt. Suy din, lp lun, nhn dng v biu din tri thc l nhng
thnh phn c s ca lnh vc ny.
(4) C s d liu v cc h lu tr v tm kim thng tin. Lnh vc ny lin
quan n vic t chc thng tin v xy dng cc thut ton truy cp v
cp nht thng tin lu tr. Cc m hnh th hin quan h gia cc tp d
liu, bo mt v an ton d liu, cc c trng ca cc thit b lu tr th
cp l i tng nghin cu ca lnh vc ny.
(5) Giao tip ngi my. Nghin cu cc hnh thc trao i, lin lc gia
ngi s dng v h thng tnh ton. ha, cc yu t tm l nhm m
b mt s giao tip thn thin v hu hiu cc hnh thc t chc v th
hin thng tin cho ngi i thoi thuc phm vi nghin cu ca lnh vc
ny.
(6) X l d liu dng s v phi s. Lnh vc ny nghin cu cc phng
php chung trong vic s dng my tnh mt cch c hiu qu gii cc
phng trnh ca cc m hnh ton hc. Tnh hiu qu v kh thi ca cc
cch tip cn gia cc phng trnh v vic ci t v pht trin cc phn
mm ton hc c cht lng cao l nhng thnh phn ch yu ca lnh
vc nghin cu ny.
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
Cc nh ngha v tin .
Cc nh l.
Cc chng minh.
Cc th hin minh chng cho cc kt qu thu c.
Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
- c t
- Thit k v ci t (thc thi)
- Kim th v phn tch.
3. Nhng tiu ch ca nng khiu tin hc trong la tui hc sinh ph thng
Theo Nguyn Xun Huy (1997)[6] th nng khiu tin hc ca hc sinh ph
thng c th hin r nt hn c qua nhng nng lc sau:
- Nng lc tip thu kin thc.
- Nng lc suy lun logic: bit suy xt ng sai t mt lot s kin cho
trc.
- Nng lc lao ng sng to: bit t hp cc yu t, cc thao tc thit l
mt dy hnh ng nhm t kt qu mong mun.
- Nng lc c t: bit din t chnh xc iu mnh mun.
- Nng lc kim chng: bit xy dng cc th d, phn th d nhm khng
nh hoc bc b mt c trng no ca sn phm do mnh hoc ngi
khc to ra.
Di y l mt s tiu ch c th coi l du hiu nhn nh nng khiu
tin hc qua vic nh gi theo h thng nm loi nng lc ni trn.
(1) Nng lc tip thu kin thc:
- Hc sinh lun ho hng trong cc tit hc, c bit l trong bi hc mi.
- C thc t b xung, hon thin nhng tri thc thu c ngay t dng
s khi, nguyn thy.
(2) Nng lc suy lun logic v sng to:
- Bit phn tch cc s vt v hin tng thng qua cc du hiu c trng
ca chng.
- Bit xt cc iu kin cn thit t c kt lun mong mun.
- Bit xy dng cc phn th d loi b mt s min tm kim v ch.
- Bit quay li im va xut pht tm kim ng i mi.
- Bit thay i gc nhn khi xem xt mt s vt, hin tng.
- Bit tm con ng ngn sm i n kt lun.
(3) Nng lc c t:
- S dng thnh tho cc h thng k hiu, cc quy c din t vn .
- Phn bit rch ri hai lng t: c mt v mi.
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1. Cng c o ch s IQ
Hin nay c nhiu trc nghim c s dng cho nhiu i tng nghin
cu khc nhau nh trc nghim Denver, trc nghim tr tu a dng ca Gille,
trc nghim phc hp ca A.Rey v trc nghim c s dng rng ri nht
hin nay l trc nghim Raven ca J.C.Raven[12].
Mt b cng c c quan tm khc l Trc nghim R.C.C ca Philippe
Chartier, GS Hc vin quc gia Php nghin cu lao ng v hng nghip
(INETOP). R.C.C c xy dng da trn c s nng lc suy lun gn vi khi
nim tr thng minh v nhn t G. Spearman (1863-1945) l ngi a ra
khi nim nhn s G vo nm 1930 (nhn s c bn ca tr tu).
V c s l lun v quy trnh xy dng bi trc nghim cng nh phng
php nhn nh kt qu c trnh by chi tit ti Trc nghim tr tu[7] (tr.68
tr.92), tc gi khng trnh by li trong ti ny m ch vn dng xy dng
bi trc nghim lm cng c o lng ch s IQ.
2. Cng c o ch s AQ
Theo Paul Stoltz, mi bi test AQ c vai tr o cc ch s v 4 mc
cao thp ca bn lnh sng c nhn khi i din vi hon cnh kh khn trong
cuc sng bao gm: (1) Kh nng i din kh khn; (2) Kh nng xoay chuyn
cc din; (3) Kh nng vt ln nghch cnh v (4) Kh nng tm c li ra.
Tng t nh cng c o IQ, c s l lun v quy trnh xy dng bi trc
nghim cng nh phng php nhn nh kt qu c trnh by chi tit ti
Trc nghim tr tu[7] (tr.112-tr.123).
3. Cng c o ch s GQ
iu kh khn y l ta o nng lc tim n ch khng phi nng lc
hin c ca hc sinh. V vy chng ta khng th kim tra k nng lp trnh hay
t duy thut ton theo kiu ra tin hc.
Mt trong nhng phng php o lng Ch s GQ c s dng ph
bin hin nay l Kim tra t duy logic-ton theo dng GMAT. in hnh ti
Vit Nam c th k n i hc FPT n v s dng GMAT ra thi tuyn
sinh; cc chng trnh tuyn sinh lp trnh vin ca Aptech, NIIT,cng dng
GMAT tuyn sinh u vo.
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aq
Pearson Correlation
.443
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
aq
gq
Test1
139
Pearson Correlation
.443
**
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
139
**
Pearson Correlation
.332
gq
**
Test1
.332
**
.692
**
.000
.000
.000
139
139
139
**
.392
.585
**
.000
.000
139
139
139
**
.392
.527
**
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
.000
139
139
139
139
**
**
**
Pearson Correlation
.692
.585
.000
.527
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
.000
.000
139
139
139
139
Bng 3. Phn tch tng quan cc bin s vi bi thi chn HSG tnh
Correlations
iq
iq
aq
Pearson Correlation
.641
.471
.003
30
30
30
30
Pearson Correlation
.089
.295
Sig. (2-tailed)
.641
.682
**
.113
.000
30
30
30
30
Pearson Correlation
.137
.295
Sig. (2-tailed)
.471
.113
30
30
30
30
**
**
**
N
Test2
.524
**
.137
gq
Test2
.089
Sig. (2-tailed)
aq
gq
Pearson Correlation
.524
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.682
.722
**
.000
.722
.003
.000
.000
30
30
30
30
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Trong Bng 3 tc gi phn tch mi tng quan gia cc bit s (IQ, AQ,
GQ) vi im bi thi chn i tuyn hc sinh gii lp 12 cp tnh ca 30 hc
sinh i tuyn. Kt qu cho thy cc ch s IQ, AQ, GQ u c mi tng quan
thun v kh mnh vi im s bi thi, h s tng quan ln lt l 0.524,
0.682, 0.722 vi tin cy t 99%.
c bit h s tng quan gia ch s GQ vi im bi thi t 0.722 cho
thy mi tng quan cht ch gia 2 bin s ny. Ngha l hc sinh c im s
Test GQ khi mi vo trng tt th kh c th khng t im tt bi thi chn
hc sinh gii lp 12. bi test ny, h s tng quan vi AQ cng tng so vi
bi test1 v cao hn so vi h s tng quan vi IQ cho thy ch s vt kh
cao cng l iu kin quan trng i vi hc sinh gii tin hc v c phn quan
trng hn c ch s thng minh IQ.
Cc test c chn lm cng c o lng cc ch s cu thnh Nng khiu
tin hc (gm IQ, AQ v GQ) u c mi tng quan thun v mnh vi kt qu
thi hc sinh gii tnh v quc gia. iu ny cho thy cc bi test ny ph hp
nh gi nng lc tim n ca hc sinh v nng khiu tin hc.
Qua cc phn tch trn chng ta c th khng nh rng vic tuyn chn
hc sinh vo i tuyn bi dng hc sinh gii Tin hc bng Test IQ, AQ v c
bit l GQ l hon ton ph hp v ng tin cy.
IV. Kt qu t c v kh nng ng dng thc tin
1. B cng c o lng
Qua kinh nghim thc tin v nghin cu ca ti ny tc gi xy dng
B cng c o lng nng lc tim n ca hc sinh c nng khiu tin hc gm 6
bi test c kim tra qua 2 vng thi nh sau:
Vng 1.
- Test Raven: Trc nghim ch s IQ
- Test AQ: Trc nghim ch s AQ
- Test GQ: Trc nghim nhn t c th tin hc GQ
Vng 2.
- Test R.C.C: Trc nghim ch s IQ
- Test AQ: Trc nghim ch s AQ
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2008-2009
20092010
6
20102011
6
5
6
8
6
8
10
6 Cha thi
31
18
12
Khng t
chc thi
*[2]
Quc gia
20112012- Tng
2012
2013
cng
Cha
thi
5
17
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C. Kt lun
T kt qu nghin cu ca ti ny cho thy cc ch s IQ, AQ v GQ
c l nhng ch s quan trng i vi hc sinh c nng khiu mn tin hc. iu
ny c khng nh thng qua h s tng quan Pearson ln ca tng ch s
vi cc bi test v kt qu thi hc sinh gi tin hc lp 12 hng nm.
Cc cng c o lng ch s IQ, AQ c cc nh khoa hc nghin
cu v khng nh gi tr v tin cy cao, thm vo , tc gi xut cng
c o lng Nhn t c th ca hc sinh c nng khiu mn tin hc (GQ)
to thnh b cng c o lng nng lc tim n ca hc sinh c nng khiu mn
tin hc ng tin cy v d s dng.
Trong iu kin mt bng tin hc ca hc sinh THCS cn khng ng
u, thm ch a phn hc sinh THCS cha tng c hc mn tin hc nh hin
nay th gii php tuyn chn hc sinh c nng khiu tin hc ca ti ny c th
ng dng rng ri v hiu qu ti cc trng THPT trong v ngoi tnh.
Trong khun kh mt ti sng kin kinh nghim tc gi cha th trnh
by v minh chng mt cch cn k cc vn lin quan v cng khng trnh
khi nhng thiu st. Rt mong nhn c s gp ca ng nghip tc gi
rt kinh nghim, pht trin SKKN thnh ti nghin cu khoa hc, phc v
mc tiu pht hin v bi dng nhn ti cho tnh nh.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Philippe Chartier (2007), Gii thiu b trc nghim "suy lun trn l bi"
(test R.C.C). Phin bn dnh cho hc sinh (ngi dch: Trnh Vn Minh).
FPT B thi s tuyn i hc FPT, i hc FPT.
B GD&T (2012), Quy ch t chc v hot ng ca trng trung hc
ph thng chuyn, Vn bn ngnh, s 06/2012/TT-BGDT.
Nhiu tc gi Chng trnh, sch gio khoa tin hc THPT, ti liu gio
khoa chuyn tin, NXB Gio dc Vit Nam.
GMAC GMAT Quantitative Review. manhattangmat.com, ed. 2nd Edition
Plus.
Nguyn Xun Huy (1997), Pht hin v bi dng hc sinh nng khiu
tin hc, Vin Cng ngh thng tin.
Nguyn Th M Lc v Mai Vn Hng (2012), Trc nghim tr tu, H
Gio Dc (HQG H Ni).
Th tng Chnh ph (2010), n pht trin h thng trng THPT
chuyn giai on 2010-2020, Vn bn ngnh, s 959/Q-TTg.
Dng Thiu Tng (2008), Thng K ng Dng Trong Nghin Cu Khoa
Hc Gio Dc NXB Khoa hc - X hi, ed. 2.
Perter Denning (1989), Computing as a discipline, J.CACM.
J.C.Raven (1956), Raven Test UNESCO.
Raventest.net (2001). Raven test,
http://www.raventest.net/raventest.html.
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PH LC
Ph lc 1. Test Raven
Test Raven gm 60 cu hi v thi gian lm bi l 40 pht.
Test Raven l bi test c sn c xy dng bi Jonh C. Raven. Cch tnh
im ca test Raven quy v ch s IQ da trn im trung bnh ca qun th
v lnh chun ca phn b v vy chng ta nn cho hc sinh tham gia test
Raven online sau ghi nhn im thay v t tnh im. Khng nn t tnh im
v nhm hc sinh tham gia lm bi test (d tuyn vo i tuyn hc sinh gii tin)
thng khng nhiu nn lc ny gi tr tnh c ca ch s IQ cng khng c
gi tr ph bin.
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Ph lc 2. Test R.C.C
TEST RCC
gm 30 cu tr li trong thi gian ti a l 20 pht
Cu 1.
Cu 3.
Cu 2.
Cu 4.
Cu 5.
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Cu 6.
Cu 7.
Cu 8.
Cu 9.
Cu 10
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Cu 11
Cu 12
Cu 13
Cu 15
Cu 16
Cu 17
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2013
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Cu 18
Cu 19
Cu 20
Cu 21
Cu 22
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Cu 23
2013
Cu 24
Cu 25
Cu 26
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Cu 27
Cu 28
Cu 29
Cu 30
2013
--- Ht ---
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Ph lc 3. Test AQ
AQ TEST
Bi test gm 20 tnh hung, thi gian lm bi l 10 pht
Cu 1.
Bn ang i ln bng lm bi th b vp ng trn bc ging.
Bn c th chu nh hng bi tnh trng ny nh th no?
Khng vn g
nh hng rt nhiu n
bn
Cu 2.
Nhm bn cng lm bi tp vi bn khng hon thnh nhim v
m dn vic cho bn.
Bn cm thy mc chu trch nhim no ca mnh ci
thin tnh hnh trn
Khng chu trch nhim
Cu 2.
Bn thi rt kz thi HSG QG m bn rt kz vng.
Hu qu ca tnh trng ny s
Khng chu trch nhim
Cu 2.
Bn l th qu lp. Bn lm mt tin quyn gp cho ng bo l
lt.
Hu qu ca tnh trng ny s:
Khng chu trch nhim
Cu 2.
B m bn khng ng vi la chn khi thi H ca bn.
Hu qu ca tnh trng ny s
Thy nh hng ti mi
mt cuc sng
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
Cu 2.
Bn b buc ra khi CLB bn yu thch.
Bn cm thy mc chu trch nhim no ci thin tnh
hung
1
Cu 2.
Bn khng c v tr nhng bn vn b ba m trch mng.
Bn c th chu nh hng ny mc no
Khng vn g
Cu 2.
B m bn ly d, m bn kt hn vi ngi khc m bn
khng tn thnh.
Hu qu ca tnh trng ny s:
Kh chp nhn
Cu 2.
Nhng ngi ngi gn bn trong lp hc hay ni chuyn
ring.
Hu qu ca tnh trng ny s:
Bn b nh hng rt
nhiu
Cu 2.
Bn i hc bng xe p v on ng t nh n trng
thng xuyn b kt xe
Hu qu ca tnh trng ny s
Bc bi ko di
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
Cu 2.
Mt cn gi mnh lm ly cacao vo s u bi.
Bn cm thy mc chu trch nhim ca mnh mc
no ci thin tnh hung
Cu 2.
Bn gp mt ngi trn ng cn bn gip v n lp tr
Hu qu ca tnh trng ny s cm thy
nh hng rt nhiu
Vn khng c g nghim
trng
Cu 2.
Trc khu ph bn thng xut hin mt ng rc ln
Bn c th chu nh hng ca tnh trng ny mc no?
nh hng rt nhiu
Khng vn g
Cu 2.
Bn thng b cn trng t
Hu qu ca tnh trng ny s:
Bc bi ko di
Cu 2.
t nhin khi vo lp khng mt ai ni chuyn vi bn.
Bn c th chu nh hng ca tnh trng ny mc no?
nh hng rt nhiu
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Khng vn g
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
Cu 2.
Bn qun tin trn lp v khi quay li tm th mt
Bn cm thy mc chu trch nhim ca mnh mc
no ci thin tnh hung?
Cu 2.
Va c mt cn bo ln i qua vng bn sng.
Bn c th chu nh hng ca tnh trng ny mc
no?
nh hng rt
nhiu
Khng vn g
Cu 2.
Ba m khng tin cho bn tham gia hc bng du hc 50%.
Bn cm thy mc chu trch nhim ca mnh mc no
ci thin tnh hung?
Cu 2.
Ging c gio dy vn kh nghe khin bn kh tip thu bi.
Hu qu ca tnh trng ny s:
Bc bi ko di
Cu 2.
ng i n trng b ngp nc.
Hu qu ca tnh trng ny s:
nh hng rt
nhiu
Khng vn g
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
Ph lc 4. Test GMAT
TEST GMAT[2]
gm 20 cu hi, thi gian lm bi l 20 pht.
Phn 1. K nng tnh ton
Vn dng cc k nng tnh ton, hy chn cu tr li ng nht.
x 2008
Cu 1. Cho x + y = 0 v x 0. Th th 2008 bng
y
A) -1
B) 0
D) 22008
C) 1
E)
x
y
B) 1
C) 2
E) Khng xc nh c
D) 3
B) 20
C) 45
D) 90
E) 50
C) Th t
D) Th nm E) Th su
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 45%
E) 50%
B) 76
C) 78
D) 79
E) 710
B) 1000
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C) 1040
D) 1080
E) 1100
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
C)
D)
E)
D)
E)
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
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B)
C)
D)
E)
(C) #, $, $, %
(D) #, %, *, *
(E) &, #, %, *
Cu 15. Nu mt mt khu 4 k t c to ra v ch cha cc k t #, $ v &,
th iu no sau y phi ng?
(A) Mt khu l #,$,&,$.
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
(B) #, $ v %
B) Sai
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
Ph lc 5. Test GQ
TEST GQ
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
B
Hnh 1
Hnh 2
(i): i mt on di mt mt;
X (quay xui): quay mnh mt gc 45o theo chiu kim ng h.
N (quay ngc): quay mnh mt gc 45o theo chiu ngc kim ng h.
T (th ui): H ui chm mt t, do khi b ui ch ra s v thnh
mt vch trn mt t.
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
A B C D
m
1 2 3 P
D 3 C 2 B 1 A
m
H1
H2
Hnh 3
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
2013
- D: ng ca
- V: i t phng ny sang phng khc (A sang B hoc B sang A)
- C: ct li cho
K hiu RA (hoc RB) cho bit Robot ang phng A (hoc phng B); LA
(hoc LB) cho bit L Lem ang phng A (hoc phng B); CD (hoc CM) cho
bit ca thng gia hai phng ang ng (hoc ang m).
Hy xt cc tnh hung c th xy ra v ra lnh cho robot thc hin c
nhim v ca mnh.
Bi 5. Trn mn hnh c 4 dng, trn mi dng c mt s du * nh Hnh 4.
Bm vo phm hng A mt cy bt s t ng di chuyn n hng tng ng
theo s hiu ghi nt. Bm vo phm X bt s xa i mt du * dng tng
ng. Bm phm V bt s vit thm mt du * vo dng tng ng.
Hy sp xp cc dng theo trt t tng dn ca s lc du *. C th l
sau khi sp xp ta phi thu c hnh nh sau y trn mn hnh (Hnh 5).
1. * * *
2. * * * *
3. *
4. * * * * *
A:
B:
Hnh 4
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1. *
2. * * *
3. * * * *
4. * * * * *
3
Hnh 5
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Nguyn Vn Nghim
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Nhn xt ca hi ng khoa hc
NHN XT CA T CHUYN MN:
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Ngy.thngnm 2013
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NHN XT CA HI NG KHOA HC TRNG:
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Ngy.thngnm 2013
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NHN XT CA HI NG KHOA HC S GD-T:
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Ngy.thngnm 2013
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