Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

LI M U
Trong cng ngh polymer ph gia l nhng cht c a vo vi hm lng nh nhng rt quan trng. Khi c mt ca ph gia nhng tnh cht tt ca vt liu c ci thin ng thi cng hn ch n mc thp nht cc tnh cht khng mong mun. Ph gia khng ch h tr cho qu trnh tng hp gia cng m n cn c tc dng bo v vt liu chng li cc tc nhn ph hy trong qu trnh s dng. Trong c cc loi ph gia nh: ph gia chng oxy, ph gia chng lo ha,... v c bit l ph gia chng vi sinh vt cho polymer. Nhiu loi ph gia chng vi sinh vt c ngun gc hu c, v c c nghin cu, pht trin v s dng trong cng ngh polymer nh: nh arsine, isothiazolinones, Cl phenol, bc, Zn. S dng cc loi ph gia ny th polymer c kh nng chng li nm mc, ru, vi khun pht trin trn b mt. Yu cu khi s dng cc loi ph gia ny l phi an ton, khng c vi con ngi v mi trng. V nano bc l mt trong nhng ph gia c th p ng c yu cu ny. S dng bc ngn nga nhim khun bit t thi Hy Lp v La M c i. Thi trung c, bc c dng kh trng nc v thc n lu tr, iu tr bng v vt thng. u nhng nm 1900, mi ngi thng b ng tin bc vo trong bnh sa gi cho sa ti lu. Nm 1920, dung dch mui bc c FDA (Food and Drug Administration ca Hoa K) chp thun cho s dng lm cht khng khun. Ngy nay, nhiu loi gc cha bc c thng mi ha v s dng rng ri iu tr vt thng trong bnh vin. Nano bc l cht c xem nh l dung dch bc c khai thc v pht trin bng cng ngh tin tin hng u mang nguyn l khng khun, tit trng siu mnh. Di tc dng ca cc Ion bc, t bo ca hn 650 loi vi khun b ph hy v tiu dit, ngoi ra nano bc cn c tnh nng ngn mi hi. Nano bc c c tnh khng khun v ngn nga vi khun pht sinh ti 99,99%, ch li hn gp nhiu ln so vi cc sn phm khng khun khc. Ni dung ca tiu lun ny ta s tm hiu v cc tnh cht, c ch dit khun, cc phng php iu ch cng nh cc ng dng ca nano bc.
GVHD: TS. L MINH C 1 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

PHN 1

TNH CHT CA NANO BC

1.1. Gii thiu v ht nano bc Cu hnh electron ca bc: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s1 Bn knh nguyn t Ag: 0,288 nm Bn knh ion bc: 0,23 nm. Bc l cht rn c mu nh bc hay nh xm sng. Nhng khi kch thc di 20nm, th n li c nh vng. Ht nano bc l cc ht bc c kch thc t 1nm n 100nm. Do c din tch b mt ln nn ht nano bc c kh nng khng khun tt hn so vi cc vt liu khi do kh nng gii phng nhiu ion Ag+ hn. Cc ht nano bc c hin tng cng hng Plasmon b mt. Hin tng ny to nn mu sc t vng nht n en cho cc dung dch c cha ht nano bc vi cc mu sc ph thuc vo nng v kch thc ht nano. Kch thc ca ht nano Ag (nm) 1 5 20 S nguyn t cha trong 31 3900 250000

Bng 1: S nguyn t bc trong mt n v th tch.

1.2. Mt s tnh cht c trng ca nano bc - V nano bc trng thi keo khng phi dng ion nh thng gp, m tn ti dng bc nguyn t nn khng b tht thot trong khi chi ra. Trong khi ng dng sn phm ch cn mt phn bc rt nh khng khun. Kh nng khng khun c tc dng sut qu trnh s dng sn phm. - ng dng ca nano bc vo sn phm nng rt thp, khng c hi cho sc khe con ngi vi liu lng tng i cao, khng c ph gia ha cht.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

- Nh ni, sn phm c cha nano bc c a vo sn phm qua quy trnh nng chy ca nha, iu khin s tht thot qua s ch st (vt l) khng th xy ra. Mi tc ng ch st bo mn gy tht thot cp ln hn cp nano. - Nano bc dng keo c tnh cht lm nh hng n mu sc ca sn phm. V d: sn phm trng trong s tr nn hi c mu beige, trng t nhin, hoc mu nh ru champagne. i vi cc mu vng, cam, xanh nht,... th khng b nh hng. C th xy ra hin tng mu c bn b bin i, tuy nhin khng nht thit phi xy ra hin tng ny. B li sn phm s khng b vng , tc l khng c s thay i mu qua nh sng hoc qua cc quy trnh git gi,... - Ph thuc vo din tch ln ca cc sn phm si nh micro fiber chng ta cn cho mi sn phm nhng thng s khc nhau, tuy nhin hm lng nano bc s vn thp hn 0,05 0,5 phn nghn. i vi cc thng cha, chai, bnh, thng s li hon ton khc hn. Nng nano bc t 0,2 0,5 phn nghn l chun, tuy nhin vn cn ph thuc cc yu t sn xut khc. - Tnh kh khun, chng nm, kh mi, c kh nng pht x tia hng ngoi i xa, chng tnh. - C kh nng phn tn n nh trong cc loi dung mi khc nhau (trong cc dung mi phn cc nh nc v trong cc dung mi khng phn cc nh benzene, toluene). - bn ha hc cao, khng b bin i di tc dng ca nh sng v cc tc nhn oxy ha kh thng thng. - Chi ph cho qu trnh sn xut thp. - n nh nhit cao. 1.3. c tnh khng khun ca bc Bc v cc hp cht ca bc th hin tnh c i vi vi khun, virus, to v nm . Tuy nhin, khc vi cc kim loi nng khc (ch, thy ngn) bc khng th hin tnh c vi con ngi. T xa xa, ngi ta s dng c tnh ny ca bc phng bnh. Ngi c i s dng cc bnh bng bc lu tr nc, ru dm. Trong th k 20, ngi ta thng t mt ng bc trong chai sa ko di ti ca sa. Bc v cc hp cht ca bc

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

c s dng rng ri t u th k XIX n gia th k XX iu tr cc vt bng v kh trng. Sau khi thuc khng sinh c pht minh v a vo ng dng vi hiu qu cao ngi ta khng cn quan tm n tc dng khng khun ca bc na. Tuy nhin, t nhng nm gn y, do hin tng cc chng vi sinh ngy cng tr nn khng thuc, ngi ta li quan tm tr li i vi vic ng dng kh nng dit khun v cc ng dng khc ca bc, c bit l di dng ht c kch thc nano. 1.4. nh hng ca nano bc n sc kho con ngi V nh hng ca nano bc n sc kho con ngi, cc nh khoa hc cho rng nano bc c kh nng dit vi khun, m tiu ha ca con ngui c c l do cc vi khun c li cho c th v v th, h vn nghi ng rng cc ht nano bc cng c th dit cc vi khun ny v nh hng n sc kho. Tuy nhin cho n nay cha thy cng trnh no cng b s tc hi ca nano bc. Cc nghin cu ti Odense Universitets Hospital cng chng minh rng cc ht nano bc c hp thu vo trong c th m khng h gy ra mt tc dng ph no cng nh gy c cho c th. Cc nh khoa hc cn chng minh cc ht nano bc s c gii phng ra khi c th theo thi gian. Cc hng sn xut nhng sn phm cha nano bc chng hn nh Samsung pht biu rng cc sn phm ca h u c th nghim v cho n nay h vn khng nh tnh an ton ca n i vi sc kho ca ngi s dng.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

PHN 2

C CH DIT KHUN CA NANO BC

Bc nano l nhng ht bc c kch thc nm trong khong 0,1 100nm. Bc nano thng di dng cc dung dch keo vi cc cht bo v l cc polymer (polyvinylalcol PVA, polyethylenglycol PEG, polyvinyl pyrolidone PVP) cc ht nano bc khng b kt t. Bc kch thc nano c nhng c trng rt khc so vi bc bnh thng. l mt khng sinh t nhin v rt mnh, c kh nng phng nga nhiu bnh truyn nhim. Nhn chung, nano bc c nhng c im ng quan tm sau y: Dit trn 650 loi vi khun Hiu qu cao Tc dng nhanh Khng c Khng kch thch Khng gy d ng Tnh khng khun ca nano bc c gii thch theo mt s c ch sau: - Cc c tnh khng khun ca bc bt ngun t tnh cht ha hc ca cc ion Ag+. Ion ny c kh nng lin kt mnh vi peptidoglican, thnh phn cu to nn thnh t bo ca vi khun v c ch kh nng vn chuyn oxy vo bn trong t bo dn n lm t lit vi khun. Nu cc ion bc c ly ra khi t bo ngay sau , kh nng hot ng ca vi khun li c th c phc hi. Do ng vt khng c thnh t bo, v vy chng ta khng b tn thng khi tip xc vi cc ion ny. - Vi tnh cht xc tc, nano bc v hiu ho cc enzyme m vi khun v nm cn cho qu trnh trao i cht ca t bo dn n ri lon qu trnh bin dng ca vi khun. Tc ng ny lm cho vi khun b tiu dit nhanh chng. - Ht nano bc lin kt vi cc nhm cha phospho trong phn t DNA lm ri lon qu trnh sao chp DNA lm cht vi khun.
GVHD: TS. L MINH C 5 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

Hnh 1: Tc ng ca ion bc b gy DNA ca vi khun.

- Cc ht nano bac tng tc vi nhm -SH ca cc protein, enzyme trn mng t bo dn n s thay i hnh thi v gia tng tnh thm ca mng. S vn chuyn vt cht qua mng tng lm v mng t bo ca vi khun.

- Nano bc gip to ra cc oxyen hot tnh t trong nc hoc khng kh tng tc vi cc lipid mng lm tn thng mng.

Hnh 2: C ch dit khun ca bc.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

Nh c kch thc rt nh (0,1nm 100nm), din tch b mt tng cng ca bc nano rt ln v hiu qu hot ng ca bc nano tng ng k so vi ht bc c kch thc ln hn (micro). y l u im ca ht nano bc so vi ht bc c kch thc ln hn v vi ion. Theo tnh ton l thuyt bc nano c hot tnh mnh hn t nht 40 ln trn mi n v bc so nhng dung dch keo bc thng thng. V vy, ngi ta c th s dng t bc hn t c hiu qu tng ng. iu ny rt c ngha v theo EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), mt ngi ch c th dng ti a 350 g/liu dng mi ngy, nu nhiu hn s b hin tng Argyria hay cn gi l trng c bc. Nu dng 1 2 mung cph/ngy (20 ppm) tng ng 100 200 g/ngy (thp hn so vi khuyn co ca EPA v hm lng bc trong ngun nc cung cp M), ta s c hiu qu phng bnh rt tt. iu ny m bo cho ngi dng c th s dng nano bc nh mt cht b sung trong ba n hay trong nc ung m khng b hin tng Argyria.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

PHN 3

PHNG PHP TNG HP NANO BC

C hai phng php to vt liu nano, phng php t di ln v phng php t trn xung. Phng php t di ln l to ht nano t cc ion hoc cc nguyn t kt hp li vi nhau. Phng php t trn xung l phng php to vt liu nano t vt liu khi ban u. i vi ht nano kim loi nh ht nano vng, bc, bch kim,... th phng php thng c p dng l phng php t di ln. Nguyn tc l kh cc ion kim loi nh Ag+, Au+ to thnh cc nguyn t Ag v Au. Cc nguyn t s lin kt vi nhau to ra ht nano. Cc phng php t trn xung t c dng hn nhng thi gian gn y c nhng bc tin trong vic nghin cu theo phng php ny. 3.1. Phng php n mn laser y l phng php t trn xung. Vt liu ban u l mt tm bc c t trong mt dung dch c cha cht hot ng b mt. Mt chm laser xung c bc sng 532 nm, rng xung 10 ns, tn s 10 Hz, nng lng mi xung l 90 mJ, ng knh vng kim loi b tc dng l 1 3mm. Di tc dng ca chm laser xung, cc ht nano c kch thc khong 10nm c hnh thnh v c bao ph bi cht hot ng b mt CnH2n+1SO4Na vi n = 8; 10; 12; 14 c nng t 0,001M n 0,1M. 3.2. Phng php kh vt l Phng php ny s dng cc tc nhn vt l nh in t, sng in t nng lng cao nh tia gamma, tia hng ngoi, tia t ngoi, tia laser, tia UV kh ion Ag+ thnh nguyn t Ag. Dung dch mui bc khng c thm cht ph gia no khc c th c chiu bng phng php chiu x vi bc x nng lng cao, qu trnh ny to ra cc electron hydrate ha v hydro nguyn t c kh nng kh bc ion.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

Mt th d s dng phng php vt l ch to ht nano bc l dng cc tia laser xung c bc sng 500nm, di xung 6sn, tn s 10Hz cng sut 12-14mJ chiu vo dung dch AgNO3 nh l ngun kim loi v sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) nh cht hot ng b mt thu c ht nano bc. Kch thc ca ht nano Ag to ra bng phng php laser ph thuc vo chiu di bc sng v cng ca laser. Phng php kh vt l n gin hn phng php kh ha hc, tuy nhin to tc nhn vt l cn thit b hin i v t tin. 3.3. Phng php kh ha l y l phng php trung gian gia ha hc v vt l. Nguyn l l dng phng php in phn kt hp vi sng siu m to ht nano. Phng php in phn thng thng ch c th to c mng mng kim loi. Trc khi xy ra s hnh thnh mng, cc nguyn t kim loi sau khi c in ha s to cc ht nano bm ln in cc m. Lc ny ngi ta tc dng mt xung siu m ng b vi xung in phn th ht nano kim loi s ri khi in cc v i vo dung dch. 3.4. Phng php kh sinh hc Phng php sinh hc s dng cc tc nhn nh vi khun, x khun, nm c kh nng kh ion bc to nguyn t bc kim loi. T lu ngi ta bit cc vi sinh vt nh vi khun, nm men, nm mc gi vai tr quan trng trong vic x l cc c t kim loi nh kh nng kh cc ion kim loi. Sastry v cng s nhn thy c s hnh thnh cc ht nano vng khi cho loi nm Verticillum sp tip xc vi ion vng. Klaus v cng s cng chng minh c c s hin ca nano bc trong vng chu cht ca Pseudomonas stutzeri AG259 khi cho vi khun ny tip xc vi dung dch bc nitrate. Tuy nhin vic p dng c tnh kh kim loi bin vi sinh vt thnh cc nh my sn xut cc ht nano kim loi ch mi c quan tm n trong thi gian gn y. Phng php ny c nhiu u im nh: thit b nui cy n gin, mi trng nui cy r tin, khng ph thuc nhiu vo ha cht v thit b t tin, d thc hin, thn thin vi mi trng do khng s dng cc ha cht c hi. Ngoi ra n c th p dng vi quy m sn xut ln m chi ph u t ban u li rt thp. V vy, cc nh nghin
GVHD: TS. L MINH C 9 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

cu ngy cng quan tm n cc phng php sinh tng hp. Phng php sinh tng hp to ra cc ht nano bc c phn b kh ng u v c kh nng sn xut vi qui m ln do cc ht c n nh ngay trong quy trnh sn xut bi cc protein. 3.5. Phng php kh ha hc Trong phng php ny, cc tc nhn ha hc c s dng kh ion bc to thnh bc kim loi. Trong phng php ny, ion Ag+ di tc dng ca cht kh s to ra nguyn t Ag0, sau cc nguyn t ny kt hp vi nhau to thnh cc ht bc c kch thc nano. Cc tc nhn ha hc c th s dng l: NaBH4, sodium citrate, citric acid, EDTA, ethanol, ethylene glycol, hydrogen, hydrogen peroxid, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, formaldehyde v cc dn xut ca n,... cc ht phn tn tt trong dung mi m khng b kt t thnh m, ngi ta s dng phng php tnh in lm cho b mt cc ht nano c cng in tch v y nhau hoc dng phng php bao bc cht hot ng b mt. Phng php tnh in n gin nhng b gii hn bi mt s cht kh. Phng php bao ph phc tp nhng vn nng hn, hn na phng php ny c th lm cho b mt ht nano c cc tnh cht cn thit cho cc ng dng. Cc ht nano Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh vi kch thc t 10 n 100 nm c th c ch to t phng php ny Sau y quy trnh iu ch dung dch nano bc s dng k thut kh ha hc vi bc x UV kch thch. 3.5.1. Ha cht th nghim s dng AgNO3 (bc nitrat): tinh khit 99%, NaOH (natri hydroxyt), NH4OH (amoni hydroxyt), C6H12O6 (ng glucozo), C17H33COOH (axit oleic). Axit oleic c cng thc cu to: CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH l cht khng mu, khng mi, khng v, nng chy 140C. Khi thy phn cht bo ngi ta thu c c axit oleic cng vi cc loi axit no v khng no khc.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

3.5.2. Thit b s dng - Nc ct sch. - Cc bnh ng ha cht, ng ong, pipet. - Phim v giy lc. - My khuy t v rung siu m phn tn v lm ng u. - n pin bc x UV, cng sut 35W. 3.5.3. Quy trnh tng hp

Hnh 3: S quy trnh iu ch ht nano bc s dng k thut kh hoc hc vi bc x UV kch thch.

- Ly 1,7g bc nitrat AgNO3 (dng mui kt tinh mu trng) ha tan trong 100ml nc ct. - Thm vo dung dch 0,62g Natri hydroxyt NaOH, to kt ta Ag2O c mu en.
GVHD: TS. L MINH C 11 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

- Ha tan kt ta bng mt lng va amoni hydroxyt NH4OH, to ra dung dch phc bc Ag(NH3)2OH trong sut. - Cho thm mt lng cht hot ng b mt axit oleic v khuy u trn my khuy t trong 2 gi nhit phng to ra dung dch ng nht v c nht cao. - Sau thm 2g ng glucozo v khuy u trn my khuy t thc hin phn ng kh. Trong qu trnh kh s dng n bc x UV kch thch phn ng kh v iu khin phn b kch thc ht nano bc. - Phn ng kh c thc hin nhit phng trong khong 8 gi. 3.5.4. C ch hnh thnh ht nano bc Qu trnh hnh thnh ht nano bc c gii thch nh sau: - u tin, bc x UV kch thch cc ion [Ag(NH3)2]+ hot ng. Khi cc phn t ng glucose nhng in t cho Ag+ v to ra ht nhn nguyn t bc Ag0 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + RCHOH
h

Ag0 + 2NH3 + H+ + RCOH (Agn)0

nAg0

- Tip theo, cc ion Ag+ trong dung dch hp ph ln trn b mt nguyn t bc v to ra mt lp in tch dng. Cc in tch dng Ag+ s ht cc ion RCOO mang in tch m tri du v to ra lp bo v th nht. Do nhm carboxyl ca ion oleate hng v pha b mt ca bc nn u k nc c hng ra pha ngoi. Khi cc ion oleate trong dung dch tip tc gn kt vi lp bo v u v hnh thnh lp bo v th hai vi u a nc hng ra ngoi. Chnh cu trc ny khin cc ht nano bc phn tn u trong nc v khng b kt m.
-

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

Hnh 4: S hnh thnh ca 2 lp ion oleate trn b mt ht nano bc.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

PHN 4

NG DNG CA NANO BC

4.1. Trong cng nghip v trong i sng hng ngy Bc nano c a vo cc polymer nh polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) c kh nng tiu dit nhiu loi vi khun: t cu khun vng, Bacillus pneumoniae, E.coli. ng dng ca vic phn b bc nano trong cc cht do, polymer, hin nay ngi ta sn xut cc mt hng tiu dng c tnh khng khun cha cc ht nano bc nh t lnh, my iu ha, my git, u ti (nm v), bnh sa cho tr s sinh, hp ng thc phm. Da trn tnh nng dit khun ca bc, Samsung a ra phng php s dng ion bc trong cc thit b dn dng: my iu ha nhit , t lnh, my ht bi v my git kh trng. Vi t lnh t lm sch, cc b phn ca t lnh u l cc loi cht do c ht nano bc, sn phm ny to mt s kin phi thng trong gii khoa hc, gn nh khng c vi khun no trong t lnh nano. Ngoi ra, nano bc l mt cht kh mi cc k hiu qu nn cc hng v ca thc n, thc ung trong t lnh u c gi nguyn vn. Trong my git, cng ngh nano bc to thnh h thng dit khun ca my m khng cn phi un si nc. Cch lm ny va t hao tn in nng nhng vn bo m hiu qu.
Hnh 5: My gic Samsung s dng lp ph nano bc.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

Hng Mummybear (Hn Quc) gn y gii thiu cng ngh Nano Silver c ng dng vo sn xut bnh sa v dng c ng thc n cho tr. Nhng sn phm ny c B y t, Vin dinh dng, Cc an ton v sinh thc phm, Vinacontrol cp chng nhn tiu chun sn phm v cht lng.

Hnh 6: Bnh sa cho tr s sinh c lp ph nano bc.

Ngoi ra, hin nay ngi ta cn ng dng nano bc trong cc sn phm nh nc ra rau, cc loi sn, m phm, ca ung nc, 4.2. Trong y hc Vi tnh cht khng khun nhanh v hiu qu cc ht nano bc c ng dng kh rng ri trong y hc. Mt s sn phm cha nano bc nh khn n, khn v sinh kh cho c em b ln ngi ln, bng p bng, p vt thng, gng tay, qun o dng trong y t vi kh nng dit khun cao ti 99%.

Hnh 7: Bng, gc y t s dng bc nano chng khun.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

Hng dc phm Nucryst Fort Saskachevan, Alberta (Canada) a bc nano vo ming bng gc bng nhng vt lot do bng v chng c tc dng dit khun mnh hn so vi ht bc bnh thng. Trc kia hng ngy phi thay bng gc cho bnh nhn va gy au n cho h, va tn km nhng vi loi thuc mi ny ch cn thay bng mt tun mt ln v thi gian khi bnh nhanh hn. + Khu trang nano bc: c thit k vi 3-4 lp gm 2 lp vi, mt lp vt liu tm nano bc v than hot tnh gia, loi khu trang ny c kh nng dit khun, dit virus, lc khng kh rt tt. Lp vi tm nano bc c chc nng dit vi khun, virus, nm b gi li trn khu trang ng thi c tc dng kh mi.

Hnh 8: Khu trang nano bc do vin mi trng sn xut.

+ Sn xut thuc cha bnh

Hnh 9: Cc dc phm s dng nano bc.

+ Mng h hp: l mt tm mng mng c th cho kh v hi nc qua nhng khng th cho cht lng i qua, c v s nhng l kh nh tn ti trong tm film. Cc ht
GVHD: TS. L MINH C 16 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

nano bc gn y c kt hp vi film polyolefin vi c tnh khng khun rt tt.

Hnh 10: nh SEM ca cc ht nano bc kt hp vi film polyolefin

4.3. Trong nng nghip

Hnh 11: Thuc tr su MIFUM 0,6DD vi nng nano bc 1000ppm.

Sn phm thuc tr bnh cy MIFUM 0,6 DD c sn xut vi nng ht nano bc 1000ppm v Chitosan 5000ppm. MIFUM 0,6 DD c kho nghim tr bnh o n, lem lp ht trn la thuc a bn tnh Lm ng v chng t u vit ca mnh, c 2 liu lng, 0,5 lt MIFUM 0,6 DD v 1 lt MIFUM 0,6 DD/ha u cho t hiu qu cao trong vic phng tr bnh o n c bng, lem lp ht trn la, nht l trong giai on 3 7 ngy sau khi phun. 4.4. Trong cng ngh x l nc Vic s dng cc ht bc c kch thc nano trong cng ngh x l nc tng i kh mi m. Do b mt ring kh ln, ht bc c kch thc nano c hot tnh kh
GVHD: TS. L MINH C 17 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

Bi tiu lun - TM HIU PH GIA CHNG VI SINH VT CHO POLYMER NANO BC

cao trong vn x l nc nhim khun v c kh nhiu nh khoa hc nghin cu. Phng th nghim Cng ngh Nano s dng vt liu polyurethane mt xp tm nano bc (PU/Ag) x l nc ung nhim khun E.coli. Nc qua h lc PU/Ag khng cn vi khun v ung c theo tiu chun ca T chc Y t th gii (WHO).

Hnh 12. Thit b x l nuc ung nhim khun vi ct lc Polyurethane xp tm nano bc.

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KT LUN

Kh nng st khun mnh ca bc t lu c con ngi bit n, nhng chn bt, tha na, ni niu ca ngi La M c, ca cc vua cha phong kin v ngay c chic bi ng nhm trng bc ca cc chin s gii phng chng minh iu . Tuy nhin tc dng ny khng c ng dng rng ri v nu dng bc khi hay ph bc khi cng l qu t. Khi cng ngh nano pht trin th c nhiu phng php iu ch nano bc nn n c th ng dng ph bin hn. Nhng mt vn t ra l s nh hng ca cc ht nano n sc khe con ngi. Nhng ht nano c kch thc rt nh c th xm nhp qua da. T da chng c th di chuyn qua h thng ng lympho i n cc hch bch cu v cui cng l n cc c quan nh gan, thn v l lch. Cn khi ht vo th nhng ht nano s i su vo phi hn so vi nhng ht c kch thc ln hn v n c nhng b phn nhy cm hn. V l , cc nh khoa hc c bit lo ngi v vic s dng ht nano trong nhng sn phm phun. Tuy nhin cho n nay cha thy cng trnh no cng b s tc hi ca nano bc. Cc nghin cu ti Odense Universitets Hospital cng chng minh rng cc ht nano bc c hp thu vo trong c th m khng h gy ra mt tc dng ph no cng nh gy c cho c th. Cc nh khoa hc cn chng minh cc ht nano bc s c gii phng ra khi c th theo thi gian. V vy hy vng trong thi gian khng xa s c nhiu sn phm s dng nano bc.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. TS. L Minh c. i hc Bch Khoa Nng. Gio trnh ph gia trong cng ngh polymer. 2. Phm Trung Sn, Trng Anh Khoa, Nguyn Hong, V Th Chnh Tm, Hunh Hong Nh Khnh, Thi Th Ho. Vin nghin cu v ng dng cng ngh Nha Trang. iu ch nano bc bng phng php ha siu m (sonochemical) dng tm cc vt liu chng khun hiu nng cao. 3. Nguyn Ngc Hng. i hc Cng ngh - HQG H Ni. Kha lun tt nghip Nghin cu ch to ht nano bc v kh nng st khun ca n. 4. Ng V K Thnh, Nguyn Th Phuong Phong, ng Mu Chin. Phng Th Nghim Cng Ngh Nano, HQG-HCM. Nghin cu hot tnh khng khun ca tm vi coton ngm trong dung dch keo nano bc. 5. A.I. Wasif, S.K. Laga, Textile & Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji 416115, India. use of nano silver as an antimicrobial agent for cotton 6. H Khoa hc T nhin HQGTPHCM. Th nghim: Kho st nng AgNO3 ti u. 7. http://www.hoahocngaynay.com/fr/hoa-hoc-hien-dai/vat-lieu-nano/417-nhungung-dung-cua-nano-bac-trong-doi-song.html 8. http://anphusaigon.com/textmn.php?id=43

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