COMBUSTION IN SI ENGINES

22 February 2013

Conditions of combustion in SI engines

The angular speed in SI engines is in the range of 500-5000 min-1, so the whole cycle is 10-100 ms. During this time the mixture must be ignited, burnt and reburnt.

Laminar flame is too slow, however the mixture in the cylinder is turbulized and flame is turbulent, which makes the rate of combustion very high.

In the process of combustion in SI can be divided into three phases a) Ignition lag b) Flame propagation c) afterburning.

22 February 2013

Idle 4-stroke S I engine

Pressure combustion

b TDC

a
0 180 Cranke angle(deg)

360

22 February 2013

Stages of combustion in SI engines

Changes of the pressure in the cylinder of SI engine

Phases of combustion: I ignition lag II Flame Propagation III Afterburning

AB- Ignition lag B C- Flame propagation CD- After burning

22 February 2013

Rate OF Pressure RISE

22 February 2013

Optimisation of combustion in SI engines

There is a dominating tendency to burn lean mixtures (>>1), because it improves efficiency of the engine and reduces pollutant emission. Combustion of lean mixtures in SI engines causes some problems: a) Speed of laminar flame propagation is lower, b) Ignition is more difficult.

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

22 February 2013

Fuel Knock Scale

To provide a standard measure of a fuels ability to resist knock, a scale has been devised by which fuels are assigned an octane number ON. The octane number determines whether or not a fuel will knock in a given engine under given operating conditions. By definition, normal heptane (n-C7H16) has an octane value of zero andisooctane (C8H18) has a value of 100.

22 February 2013

Fuel Knock Scale

The higher the octane number, the higher the resistance to knock.
Blends of these two hydrocarbons define the knock resistance of intermediate octane numbers: e.g., a blend of 10% n-heptane and 90% isooctane has an octane number of 90.

A fuels octane number is determined by measuring what blend of these two hydrocarbons matches the test fuels knock resistance.

22 February 2013

Thanks

22 February 2013