Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA S PHM
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Lun Vn Tt Nghip
Ngnh: S phm ha hc
GV hng dn:
Mai Th Anh T
Lp: S phm Ha hc K31
M s SV: 2051766
Cn Th, 2009
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
LI CM N:
Sau 8 thng thc hin ti, em hc hi c nhiu iu b ch v tch ly c nhiu
kin thc qu bu v lnh vc m em nghin cu. Do trong trang u lun vn ny em xin
chn thnh gi li cm n n:
Thy Ng Quc Lun, ngi tn tnh hng dn ch bo v to mi iu kin gip em
trong sut thi gian thc hin ti.
Tt c qu thy c B mn Ha Hc Khoa S Phm, Trng i Hc Cn Th gip
v ng gp nhng kin qu bu cho ti ca em c hon thnh tt hn.
Cha m, gia nh ng h, ng vin, to mi iu kin cho em v tinh thn v vt cht
gip em hon thnh lun vn tt nghip.
Tp th lp S Phm Ha K31 ng vin, gip ti rt nhiu trong sut qu trnh thc
hin ti.
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
MC LC:
Trang
LI CM N ...............................................................................................................................i
NHN XT CA CN B HNG DN
NHN XT CA CN B CHM PHN BIN
MC LC .....................................................................................................................................ii
TM TT NI DUNG TI...............................................................................................iv
DANH SCH PH LC ............................................................................................................v
PHN I: M U...................................................................................................................... 1
I. L do chn ti: ................................................................................................................ 7
II. Mt s nghin cu lin quan n ti nghin cu:....................................................7
III. Gii hn ca ti:.......................................................................................................... 8
IV. Nhng gi thuyt ca ti:...........................................................................................8
V. Phng php v phng tin nghin cu:..................................................................... 8
VI. Cc bc thc hin ti: ..............................................................................................8
PHN II: NI DUNG NGHIN CU.................................................................................. 10
A L THUYT: ..................................................................................................................... 10
I. Tm hiu v cy tn dy l: .................................................................................................. 10
I.1. M t cy......................................................................................................................... 4
I.2. Ni sng v thu hi:...................................................................................................... 11
I.3. Cng dng ca cy tn dy l: ..................................................................................... 11
II. Tm hiu v tinh du: .......................................................................................................... 13
II.1. Trng thi t nhin: ..................................................................................................... 13
II.2. Phn b tinh du trong thin nhin: ........................................................................... 13
II.3. Qu trnh tch ly tinh du: ......................................................................................... 13
II.4. Tnh cht l ha ca tinh du: ................................................................................. 14
II.4.1. Tnh cht vt l:........................................................................................................ 14
II.4.2. Tnh cht ha hc ..................................................................................................... 14
II.4.3. Cng dng ca tinh du ........................................................................................... 14
II.4.4. Nguyn tc sn xut tinh du t nguyn liu thin nhin:..................................... 15
II.4.5. Cc phng php sn xut tinh du ........................................................................ 15
II.4.5.1. Phng php c hoc ...................................................................................... 15
II.4.5.2 Phng php chng ct li cun hi nc ................................................... 15
II.4.5.3. Phng php trch bng dung mi d bay hi............................................. 16
II.4.5.4. Trch ly bng dung mi khng bay hi :...................................................... 16
II.4.5.5. Phng php trch ly bng CO2 .................................................................... 16
II.4.5.6. Phng php sinh hc ................................................................................... 17
III. Tm hiu v tinh du ca cy tn dy l:........................................................................ 17
B THC NGHIM V KT QU: ................................................................................... 18
I. Dng c v ha cht:......................................................................................................... 18
I.1. Dng c: ........................................................................................................................ 18
I.2. Ha cht:........................................................................................................................ 18
II. Ly trch tinh du tn dy l v xc nh cc ch s vt l, ch s ha hc ca tinh
du: .......................................................................................................................................... 18
3
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
TM TT NI DUNG TI:
Tinh du xut hin v pht trin theo nn vn minh ca nhn loi. T thi xa xa, con ngi
bit s dng trc tip cc loi cy c, hoa l c mi thm trong cc nghi l tn gio. n
thi k trung c i ti chu u, nhng hp cht thin nhin mi c s dng rng ri.
Hin nay, tinh du ang l nguyn liu ca nhiu ngnh cng nghip trn th gii v ngy
cng c ng dng trong nhiu sn phm, t nhng sn phm t tin nh cc loi nc
hoa cao cp n nhng mt hng r tin nh mt ni xng tr cm ta u bt gp s hin
din ca tinh du. Ngi ta xem tinh du nh l vng lng v n s tr thnh ngun ti
nguyn v hn nu con ngi bit khai thc, s dng mt cch hp l. Mt c im quan
trng khng th thay th ca tinh du so vi cc hp cht hu c tng hp khc l n khng
gy hi mi trng v d phn hy. Do c nhng cng dng thc tin nh vy nn ngy
cng c nhiu nhng nghin cu cng nh khai thc tinh du trn ton th gii.
Trong nhng ngun tinh du c ly trch , khng th khng k n tinh du cy tn dy
l thuc h Hoa mi. Tn dy l cn c tn gi khc nh: rau tn, rau thm lng, hng
chanh, dng t tl mt trong nhng loi rau thm qu nc ta, c dng ch bin
hng v trong cc mn n v lm thuc tr bnh rt hiu qu. Chnh v vy ti Kho st
tinh du tn dy l c thc hin nhm bc u tm hiu, kho st thnh phn ha hc,
nhng ng dng ca cy tn dy l vi mong c gp mt phn nh trong nghin cu khoa
hc v loi cy ny.
Phng php ly trch tinh du trong ti l phng php chng ct li cun hi
nc trc tip, s dng b chng ct tinh du nh Clevenger.
Kho st cc yu t nh hng n hm lng tinh du trong qu trnh chng ct, t
a ra cc thng s ti u thc hin vic ly trch tinh du t hiu qu cao.
Xc nh ch s vt l, ch s ha hc ca tinh du.
Xc nh thnh phn ha hc ca tinh du bng phng php sc k kh ghp khi ph
(GC/MS).
Th nghim hot tnh khng vi sinh vt ca tinh du bng phng php khuch tn trn
a thch.
Bc u thc hin mt s th nghim nh nh tnh thnh phn hp cht t nhin
c trong cy tn dy l.
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
PHN I: M U
I. L do chn ti:
T thi xa xa con ngi bit khai thc v s dng tinh du lm thuc, gia v, cht
thm phc v nhu cu cuc sng. Ngy nay, tinh du li cng khng nh v th quan trng
ca n trong cc phng php hng tr liu do tinh du c mi thm ngt lm tinh thn
chng ta thoi mi, d chu hn rt nhiu. Phn ln tinh du c chit xut t l, thn, hoa,
c hoc v cy t thc vt, v vy chng rt tinh khit v c cng dng tt i vi sc khe.
Hng nm, trn th gii sn xut ra khong 20.000 tn tinh du thin nhin ch yu t thc
vt.
Nc ta nm trong vng nhit i gi ma, iu kin t nhin rt thun li cho vic hnh
thnh v pht trin cc loi thc vt, c bit l cc loi cy cha tinh du c gi tr cao.
vng ng bng sng Cu Long, cy cha tinh du phn b kh a dng v phong ph,
trong c cy tn dy l mt trong nhng loi rau thm qu Vit Nam, l loi gia v
c sc v lm thuc tr bnh rt hiu qu. Tn c v the cay, mi thm, tnh m, khng c,
c tc dng li ph, tr m, gii cm, lm ra m hi, lm thng hi, gii c. B phn dng
l l v ngn non thng c dng tr cm cm, ho hen, st, au bng, au u, cn
trng cn t, mu cam, nn ra mu, vim hng, vim ph qun, khn ting v nhiu
bnh khc.
L rau tn cha t tinh du (0.05 0.12 %). Tinh du tn dy l l mt cht lng mu vng
nht, nht thp, c v cay, nng, mi thm nh chanh rt d chu. Tc dng cha bnh
ca rau tn l nh tinh du ny. Tinh du c sn xut t l cy ti bng phng php
chng ct li cun hi nc. Theo nhng nghin cu gn y tinh du tn dy l c tnh cht
khng sinh mnh, cha c nhiu bnh, ph hp vi kinh nghim cha bnh c truyn ca
nhn dn ta.
Hin nay, nhiu nc trn th gii chit xut tinh du tn dy l dng trong dc
phm, m phm, lm cht to hng trong cc loi thc ung, kem, ko, cc loi gia v p
tht
Xut pht t thc t chung , ti Kho st tinh du tn dy l c thc hin nhm
bc u tm hiu, kho st thnh phn ha hc v nhng ng dng ca cy tn dy l t
nng cao hiu qu s dng ca loi cy ny.
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Thng 12/2008: nghin cu, tng hp ti liu, tm phng php thc hin.
T thng 01/2009 n thng 02/2009: Mua nguyn liu v tin hnh ly trch trong
phng th nghim.
T thng 03/2009 n thng 04/2009: Tng hp ti liu l thuyt v thc nghim
vit bi bo co.
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Hnh 1: Cy tn dy l
Tn gi khc: Hng chanh, rau thm lng, rau thm ln, rau tn, dng t t, sak am ray.
Thuc h: Hoa mi- Lamiaceae.
Tn khoa hc: Plectranthus amboinicus, ng ngha: Coleus amboinicus
Tn gi mt s nc khc trn th gii:
QUC GIA
TN GI
CuBa
Cuban Oregano
Indian Borage
Spanish
Spanish thyme
Mexico
Mexican mint
Php
French thyme
Anh
Lemon balm
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Lp (class): Magnoliopsida
B (ordo): Lamiales
H (familia): Lamiaceae
Chi (genus): Plectranthus
Loi (species): P. amboinicus
I.2. Ni sng v thu hi: Cy c gc qun o Mluc (min M Lai) c trng lm gia
v v lm thuc. C th thu hi l quanh nm, thng dng ti, dng n u hi n .
Lc tri kh ro, hi l bnh t, loi b cc l su hay l gi a vng, em phi nng nh hay
sy 40-45 0C n kh
I.3. Cng dng ca cy tn dy l:
Ngoi ng dng lm gia v cho cc mn n, tn dy l cn c nhiu cng dng i vi y hc.
C th l:
I.3.1. i vi Ty y:
- Tn dy l l mt dc liu cha ho hen, cm cm. Tinh du tn c tc dng khng sinh
mnh i vi vi khun gy ho nh t cu, lin cu, ph cu Hin nay, cc quc gia k
ngh pht trin, dc tho ang c cng chng s dng rng ri. Trong ngnh cng ngh
dc phm nc ta cng vy, ngy nay tr ho, ngi ta thng a chung nhng loi
dc phm c ngun gc t tinh du ca cc cy thuc hn. Tc dng ca chng c
chng minh qua hng trm nm nay nh bc h, tn dy l, gng, trm
Di y l mt s ch phm t tinh du tn dy l:
11
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
mi ngy mt thang.
7. Cha au nhc do ong t
+ Dng 20gr tn dy l, mt t mui n (loi mui ht) em gi nh hoc nhai k, nut nc,
cn b th p vo ch ong t.
8. Tr ni m ay
+ Dng l tn nhai nut nc, b th p hay xoa xt ln nhng vng da ni m ay.
9. Tr hi ming:
+ Ly mt nm tn dy l kh, sc ly nc c, dng ngm v sc ming, sau vi ngy
ming s ht hi.
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
14
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
M phm: Tinh du ng vai tr quan trng v n c kh nng gi mi, chng oxi ha,
bo v da, to hng thm du t nhin. Nn tinh du c ng dng nhiu trong: du
thm, nc hoa, kem, du gi
Trong y hc: gip d tiu ha, bi tit ca d dy, tng kh nng tun hon mu, gim
au, tng qu trnh trao i cht, chng vi khun, vi rt. Nn tinh du c tinh du
c s dng nhiu di dng thuc vin, cao, dung dch lng
II.4.4. Nguyn tc sn xut tinh du t nguyn liu thin nhin:
Tinh du thu c phi c mi thm t nhin nh nguyn liu.
Quy trnh khai thc phi ph hp vi nguyn liu.
Tinh du phi c ly trit khi nguyn liu, vi chi ph thp nht
n gin, thun tin v nhanh chng
II.4.5. Cc phng php sn xut tinh du:
Do nhng yu cu v nguyn tc sn xut nn khi khai thc hp cht thm t thc vt, ng
vt, ngi ta thng dng mt trong cc phng php sau y:
II.4.5.1. Phng php c hoc:
y l phng php tng i n gin dng tch tinh du dng t do bng cch tc
dng lc c hc ln nguyn liu (thng l p). Phng php ny c dng ph bin i
vi cc loi v qu h Citrus nh cam, chanh, qut, bi V nhng loi nguyn liu ny
tinh du thng phn b ch yu lp t bo mng trong biu b. Khi c lc tc dng ln v
qu, cc t bo c cha tinh du b v ra gii phng tinh du.
Phng php p c nhiu u im nh: tinh du gi nguyn c mi v thin nhin ban
u, cc thnh phn trong tinh du t b bin i.
Nhc im ca phng php p l tinh du b ln nhiu tp cht, ch yu l cc hp
cht hu c ha tan t vt liu em p.
II.4.5.2 Phng php chng ct li cun hi nc:
Phng php chng ct li cun tinh du bng hi nc c da trn nguyn l ca qu
trnh chng ct mt hn hp khng tan ln vo nhau l nc v tinh du. Khi hn hp ny
c gia nhit, c hai cht u bay hi. Nu p sut ca hi nc cng vi p sut ca tinh
du bng vi p sut mi trng th hn hp si v tinh du c ly ra cng vi hi nc.
Phng php ny c u im l nhit si ca hn hp thp hn nhit si ca nc
(100 0C) trong khi nhit si ca tinh du > 1000C p sut kh quyn.
Chng ct li cun hi nc khng i hi nhiu thit b phc tp, nhng c kh nng
tch gn nh trit tinh du c trong nguyn liu. Ngoi ra, phng php ny cn cho php
phn ly cc cu t trong tinh du thnh nhng phn ring bit c tinh khit cao hn da
vo s khc bit v tnh cht bay hi.
Chng ct li cun hi nc trc tip:
Nguyn liu v nc c cho vo cng mt thit b, un si, hi nc bay ra s
li cun theo hi tinh du, sau lm lnh ngng t hi, ta s thu c tinh du sau khi
phn ly tch nc ra. Thit b s dng tng i n gin, r tin, ph hp vi sn xut nh
a phng, nht l nhng ni mi bt u khai thc tinh du, bc u cha c iu
kin u t vo sn xut.
Tuy nhin phng php ny cng c nhng nhc im:
Cht lng tinh du sn phm khng cao.
Nguyn liu d b chy kht, do b thiu nc, b dnh vo thnh thit b.
15
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
du. Phng php trch s dng vi sng c nhiu u im nhng hin nay vn ang quy
m phng th nghim.
II.4.5.7. Phng php sinh hc:
Phng php ny c ng dng cho cc ngun nguyn liu c tinh du trng thi kt hp
(glucosid). phn lp tinh du, ngi ta phi s l bng cch ln men hoc dng enzym,
sau kt hp vi chng ct hay trch ly thu tinh du ging nh cc loi vt liu cha
hp cht thm khc.
Tinh du Rancheras
0.9241
-2.4 0
1.5075
Tinh du Mrida
0.8894
-1.80
1.4903
Tn cht
-thujene
Hm lng %
Mrida
0.4
-thinene
0.2
camphene
1.0
1-octen-3-ol
1.0
0.8
-myrcene
1.1
0.3
-felandrene
0.1
3-carenene
0.1
-terpinene
1.3
0.6
9
10
11
12
p-cymene
-felandrene
-terpinene
c-sabinene
hydrate
19.8
0.6
7.2
0.2
9.8
4.7
-
17
Hm lng %
Rancherras
-
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
borneol
Terpin-4-ol
thymol
carvacrol
t-caryophyllene
-bergamotene
-humulene
Caryophyllene
oxide
di-elapiol
0.1
0.9
0.5
55.3
5.4
3.3
1.3
0.4
1.0
0.5
64.7
9.1
4.6
2.6
1.1
0.1
Theo Raimundo N. Silva Filho; Igara O. Lima, Evandro L. de Souza (Brazil) tinh du
tn dy l c kh nng c ch s sinh trng v pht trin ca mt s nm men thuc
chng Candida: C. albicans; C. tropicalis; C. quilliermondii; C. krusei; C. parapsilosis.
Ngoi ra, tinh du tn dy l cn lm tng hot tnh khng nm Candida ca cc cht
khng sinh: amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole.
Kt lun: T nhng nghin cu trn cho thy tinh du tn dy l l cht lng nh hn
nc, c thnh phn ha hc chnh l: carvacrol (lun chim hm lng cao nht
trong tinh du) v c hot tnh khng sinh mnh.
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
X L S B
BNH CU
H THNG
CHNG CT
BNH HNG
LP TINH DU
TRN
Na2SO4 khan
LM KHAN
S ly trch tinh du tn dy l:
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
T trng:
20
20
m 2 m1
m1 m0
KOH
RCOOK + H2O
Cch xc nh:
Cho vo erlen 100ml: 10ml etanol, thm vo 5 git dung dch phenolphthalein. Chun
hn hp trn bng dung dch KOH 0,1N n khi xut hin mu hng bn trong 30 giy.
Cho tip vo 1 ml tinh du, lc u cho du tan hon ton. Tip tc chun dung dch bng
dung dch KOH 0,1N n khi xut hin mu hng bn Ta thc hin php o 3 ln, ghi li th
tch dung dch KOH 0,1N (VKOH) dng chun , ly kt qu trung bnh.
Ch s acid c tnh theo cng thc
IA
5,61. f .VKOH
d TD
Trong :
VKOH: s ml dung dch KOH 0.1N dng chun k t khi thm tinh du.
f: h s iu chnh nng KOH 0.1N
5,61: s mg KOH c trong 1 ml dung dch KOH 0.1 N
d: t trng ca tinh du
Kt qu:
Ln 1
Ln 2
Ln 3
Trung bnh
VKOH (ml)
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.6333
Ch s acid
3.7098
4.3881
3.7098
3.9157
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
KOH + R1COOR2
RCOOK + H2O
R1COOK + R2OH
Cch xc nh
Ly mt erlen 100 ml kh v sch: cho vo 1 ml tinh du v 15 ml KOH 0.1N. un
hon lu trong 1 gi savon ha ester v trung ha cc acid t do c trong tinh du.
ngui, cho thm vo erlen 15 ml nc ct, 5 git phenolphthalein, lc u, chun bng
dung dch HCl 0,1N trung ha lng KOH cn d n khi dung dch va mt mu hng.
Thc hin php o 3 ln, ghi nhn th tch dung dch HCl 0.1N (V1) dng chun .
Ta thc hin tng t vi mu trng, ghi th tch HCl 0,1N (V0) chun .
Ch s savon c tnh theo cng thc: IS
5,61.F .(V0 V1 )
d TD
Trong : V0: th tch dung dch HCl dng cho mu trng (ml).
V1: th tch dung dch HCl dng cho mu tinh du (ml).
dTD: t trng ca mu tinh du (g)
Kt qu:
Ln 1
Ln 2
Ln 3
Trung bnh
V0(ml)
15
15
15
15
V1 (ml)
8.5
8.3
8.4
8.4
IS
40.1899
41.4265
40.8082
40.8082
21
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Hm lng tinh du
Xay
Khng xay
Thi gian
ho
(gi)
0
0
Khi
lng mu
(gam)
300
300
Thi gian
chng ct
(gi)
2.5
2.5
Th tch
nc (ml)
500
500
0.105
0.1
0.095
0.09
0.085
0.08
1
2
Nguyn liu
Khi lng
mu (gam)
Th tch
nc (ml)
Thi gian
chng ct
300
500
4
22
Khi lng
tinh du
(gam)
0.3300
Hm lng
tinh du (%)
0.110
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
3
6
9
300
300
300
500
500
500
4
4
4
0.2718
0.2340
0.1800
0.101
0.085
0.060
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
10
Khi lng
mu (gam)
Th tch
nc (ml)
Thi gian
ho (gi)
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
Khi lng
tinh du
(gam)
0.150
0.225
0.294
0.321
0.318
0.321
0.327
Hm lng
tinh du (%)
0.05
0.075
0.098
0.107
0.106
0.107
0.109
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
Khi lng
mu (gam)
Thi gian
ho (gi)
300
Thi gian
chng ct
(gi)
2.5
400
500
600
700
300
300
300
300
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
24
Hm lng
tinh du (%)
Khi lng
tinh du
(gam)
0.2607
0
0
0
0
0.2964
0.3030
0.2904
0.2640
0.0988
0.1010
0.0968
0.0880
0.0869
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
200
400
600
800
Thi gian lu
Tn cu phn
Hm lng (%)
4,385
(2E)-2-Hexenal
0,279
5,734
3-Thujene
0,416
5,860
1R-alpha-Pinene
0,345
7,470
1-octen-3-ol
0,315
7,659
Beta Myrcene
0,797
25
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
8,485
Alpha Terpinolene
0,852
8,788
Beta Cymene
23,363
10,116
Gamma Terpinene
5,332
15,627
1-Terpinen-4-ol
0,874
10
20,395
p-Thymol
0,129
11
20,719
Carvacrol
51,468
12
25,048
Beta Caryophyllene
8,183
13
25,759
5,772
14
26,429
2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3pentenyl)bicycle[3.1.1]hept2-ene
Alpha Caryophyllene
1,876
Nhn xt: Tinh du tn dy l c thnh phn chnh l: carvacrol (51.468%), beta Cymene
(23.363%), beta Caryophyllene (8.183%), alpha Bergamotene (5.772%), gamma Terpinene
(5.332%).
1
V
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
C0 = 1 l 1
C1
1
10 1 l 1
1lC 0 9 lDMSO
C2
1
10 2 l 1
1lC1 9 lDMSO
C3
1
10 3 l 1
1lC 2 9 lDMSO
C4
1
10 4 l 1
1lC 3 9 lDMSO
37 oC trong 24 gi.
V.3. c kt qu
Quan st ng knh ca vng v khun v o ng knh ca vng v khun:
C hot tnh khng khun: c vng v khun (ng knh vng v khun > 6 mm).
Khng c hot tnh: Khng c vng v khun (ng knh vng v khun = 6 mm
hoc <6 mm).
Kt qu:
27
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Bacillus Subtilis
Escherichia Coli
Candida albicans
Staphylococcus aureus
28
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Staphylococcus aureus
30
29
29
25
20
Escherichia. Coli
Bacillus Shubtilis
30
30
28
30
27
25
20
20
19
17
Candida albicans
Nng (C)
30
C0
30
C1
25
C2
24
C3
20
C4
Sterol l cht khng phn cc, t tan trong nc, tan trong du bo, tan nhiu trong cc dung
mi khng phn cc nh ether etylic, ether du ha, chloroform nn thng dng cc dung
mi ny trch ly sterol.
V.1.2. Mt s thuc th dng nhn bit sterol:
Cc phng php xc nh sterol da trn phn ng vi mt s thuc th sau:
29
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Liebermann Burchard:
H2SO4 m c 1 ml
Anhydric acetic 20 ml
Du hiu: Nu xut hin mu xanh nht, lc, hng hoc .
Salkowski:
H2SO4 m c
Du hiu: Dung dch tch thnh hai lp: lp H2SO4 c mu xanh v lp cloroform c mu
.
Thuc th Noller:
SOCl2
Thic kim loi (Sn)
Cho 2 ml SOCl2 vo ng nghim sau cho vo 2 l thic kim loi, khi dung dch ht si
bt cho tip 2 ml mu th.
Du hiu: dung dch chuyn t mu cam sang mu tm
V.1.2. nh tnh sterol :
- Ly mt ng nghim cho vo 5 ml dch lc cloroform lm mu th
- Ly 3 ml dch lc cloroform thm 3 ml thuc th Liebermann Burchard, xut hin
mu xanh lc m chng t c sterol
- Ly 3 ml dch lc cloroform thm 3 ml thuc th Salkowski, dung dch c mu
chng t c sterol .
Hnh 13: Th
nghim nh
tnh sterol
Thuc th
Liebermann Burchard
Salkowski
Kt qu
(+)
(+)
Nhn xt: dch lc cloroform cho phn ng dng tnh vi cc thuc th c trng ca
hp cht sterol. Vy trong l cy tn c cha hp cht sterol.
30
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
31
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Hnh 15: Th nghim nh tnh flavon
Kt qu
(+)
(+)
Nhn xt: Dch lc etanol cho phn ng dng tnh vi cc thuc th c trng ca hp
cht flavon. Vy trong l cy tn dy l c cha hp cht flavon.
V.3. Kho st s hin din glucosid:
V.3.1. i cng v glucosid:
Glucosid l hp cht hu c to thnh do s ngng t gia ng v mt phn khng
phi ng vi iu kin nhm hydroxyl bn acetal ca phn ng phi tham gia vo
ngng t. Phn khng phi l ng c gi l aglycon hoc genin, c cu trc ha hc rt
khc nhau, a s cc tc dng sinh hc ph thuc vo phn ny.
Thng cc glucosid tan trong nc, cn, t tan hoc khng tan trong cc dung mi hu c:
hexan, ether, chloroform.
V.3.2. Thuc th nh tnh glucosid:
Thuc th Tollens:
Dung dch AgNO3 1% 1 ml
Dung dch NH4NO3
1ml
Dung dch NaOH 1% 1-2 ml
Du hiu: Xut hin kt ta vng nu v gng bc bm vo thnh ng nghim.
Thuc th Fehling:
Fehling A
CuSO4
Fehling B
Kali, natri tartrat
Du hiu: kt ta gch Cu2O
Thuc th Baljet:
Acid picric 1% 20ml
NaOH 5% 10ml
Du hiu: Mt vng mu nu xut hin tc thi, chuyn sang mu vng m ri cam.
V.3.3. Th nghim nh tnh glucosid:
Ly mt ng nghim cho vo 5 ml dch lc etanol lm i chng
Ly 2 ml thuc th Tollens, thm 2 ml dch lc etanol, lc u. un nng nh, xut hin
kt ta nu nhng khng c gng bc bm ln thnh ng nghim,
Cho vo ng nghim 1 ml Fehling A, 1 ml Fehling B c dung dch mu xanh m,
them 3 ml dch etanol, lc u. un nng nh. Khng c kt ta gch xut hin chng t
khng c s hin din ca hp cht glucosid.
Cho 2 ml dch etanol vo ng nghim ri cho t t thuc th Baljet vo, dung dch c
mu vng ca thuc th. Khng xut hin vng mu. Chng t khng c s hin din ca
hp cht glucosid.
32
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Thuc th
Tollens
Fehling
Baljet
Kt qu
(-)
(-)
(-)
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
10 * 0.1
250
0.01 * 4
csb: ch s ct bt
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Hnh 18:
Th
nghim
nh tnh
tanin
trn l
cy tn
Thuc th
Kt qu
FeCl3 1%,
(+)
ch (II) acetate bo ha
(+)
gelatin mn
(+)
Nhn xt: Dch lc etanol cho phn ng dng tnh vi cc thuc th c trng ca tanin.
Chng t trong cy tn dy l c s hin din ca tanin.
V.6. Kho st s hin din ca alkaloid:
V.6.1. i cng v alkaloid:
- Alkaloid l nhm cht t nhin quan trng v nhiu mt, c bit l trong y hc v
mt s cy ny c kh nng cha bnh cao v rt c o.
- Alkaloid l hp cht nit c trong cy, a s c tnh quang hc v c tnh base.
alkaloid c coi l sn phm ph ca qu trnh chuyn ha cc cht, va nh cht
35
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
36
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Kt qu
(-)
(-)
(-)
37
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
39
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Hn hp nc v tinh du
thu c trn ng gn
Tinh du sn phm
im cui nh phn xc
nh ch s IA
im cui nh phn xc
nh ch s IS
40
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
Tn cu phn
E-2-hexenal
3-thujene
1R pinene
3-octenol
Cng thc cu to
O
OH
mycenen
terpinolene
cymene
terpinene
41
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
4-terpineol
10
P thymol
11
HO
OH
carvacrol
HO
12
caryophyllenen
13
bergamoten
14
humulene
42
KHO ST TINH DU TN DY L
43