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Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha

vng gii nhanh ha hc.


CH CN T THI GIAN NA L THI I HC, MT MC QUAN TRONG
TRONG CUC I, VY CC BN TRANG B NHNG G CHO K
THI Y KH KHN V KHC LIT NY. BN PHI C MT CUC
CHIN TRANH MT MT MT CN V T L CHI TRUNG BNH
1/10, NGHA L BN PHI LOI 1O I TH KHC BC VO
U TRNG DANH GI. MI NGI U C CON NG RING
NHNG IU CHUNG NHT L BN C NHNG TI LIU G
PHC V K THI TI. VY PHNG PHP M TI KHUYN CC
BN HY XEM QUA L: BN HY S HU 30 CHA KHA VNG
GII NHANH V C , HU C V 100 THI TH C P N GII
V CNG CHI TIT, NU BN CN THIU CHA KHA VNG HAY
TH HY GI CHO TI S HU N, NU BN THY HAY THI
HY NHN TIN CHO TI, NU BN THY KHNG HAY THI HY
NHN TIN GP NH: XIN CHN THNH CM N. NU BN MUN
HC MT KHA N THI CP TC V TH THUT DA VO D
KIN BI TON CHN P N NG NGH AN TH HY GI
CHO TI NH: 098.92.92.117
nh vy trong MT THI GIAN NGN ti gi ln violet 10 cKV trong tng
s 30 ckv, hi vng n s gip phn no yn tm hn trc khi bc vo k
thi c-h nm 2011.
( gm CKV1,2,3,4,5,9,11,12,13, 20).
cha kha vng 9. ph ng php gii chuyn pH
I. c s l thuyt.
1. Nu biu din nng mol/lt ca H
+
bng h thc [H
+
] = 10
-a
(mol/lt)
th gi tr a c xem l pH ca dung dch.
Nn pH = a =- lg[H
+
], hay [H
+
] = 10
-pH
t suy ra pH.
2. Nu biu din nng mol/lt ca
OH

bng h thc [
OH

] = 10
-b
(mol/lt) th gi tr b c xem l pOH ca dung dch.
Nn pOH = b =- lg[
OH

], hay [
OH

] = 10
-pOH
t suy ra pOH.
3. Nu pH = 7 ng vi dung c dch mi trng trung ho
- Nu pH < 7 ng vi dung dch mi trng axt
- Nu pH > 7 ng vi dung dch mi trng baz
4. Tnh s ion: [H
+
]. [
OH

] = 10
-14
pH + pOH = 14
5. Nu dung dch axt yu (hoc baz yu) c th s da vo hng s
phn li axit Ka (hoc hng s phn ly baz Kb) hay in ly .
C
C

cht phn ly
ho tan

6. Mi lin h gia hng s in ly K v in ly
V d: Mt hn hp AB in ly yu c nng ban u l (mol/lt, in ly ).
Phng trnh in ly: C - C = (1 - ).C
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email:
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1
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha
vng gii nhanh ha hc.
Suy ra:
2
C .C C.
K K
C ) 1


(1
7. Nu tnh th tch nc cn thm vo V lt dung dch axit c pH=a
c dung dch mi c pH=b (b>a) th ta p dng cng thc tnh nhanh.
2
b a pH
sau truoc truoc
pH
H O truoc
V 10 .V 10 V
V (10 1).V



8. Nu tnh th tch nc cn thm vo V lt dung dch axit c pH=a
c dung dch mi c pH=b (b<a) th ta p dng cng thc tnh nhanh.
2
a b pH
sau truoc truoc
pH
H O truoc
V 10 .V 10 V
V (10 1).V



II. Bi ton p dng:
Bi ton 1: (Trch thi tuyn sinh i hc H C Khi A 2008).
Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2
Vml dung dch Y . Dung dch Y c pH l:
A: 1 B: 2 C: 3 D: 4
Bi gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
2
3 3
OH H H O
0, 01 0, 03V
V(mol)... (mol)
10 10
+
+

2
3 3 3 H
0, 02V 0, 02V 2.V
n (mol) [H ] : 0, 01 10 (mol / lit)
10 10 10
+
+

(d )
pH = 2 B ng
Ch :
n gin ho bi ton ta chn V = 1 lt
2
H
0, 02
n 0, 03 0, 01 0, 02(mol) [H ] 0, 01 10 (mol / lit)
2
+
+

(d )
pH = 2 B ng
Bi ton 2: (Trch thi tuyn sinh i hc H C Khi B 2007).
Trn 100ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung
dch (gm H
2
SO
4
0,0375 M v HCl 0,0125 M) thu c dung dch X, gi tr pH ca
dung dch X l:
A: 1 B: 2 C: 6 D: 7
Bi gii:
2
2
Ba(OH)
Ba(OH) NaOH
OH
NaOH
n 0, 01mol
n 2.n n 0, 03(mol)
n 0, 01mol

+
;

Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email:


phueuro@gmail.com
2
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha
vng gii nhanh ha hc.
2 4
2 4
HCl
HCl H SO
H
H SO
n 0, 05mol
n n 2.n 0, 035(mol)
n 0, 015mol
+

+
;

Khi trn xy ra phn ng trung ho dng in l:


+ -
2
H + OH H O
0,03 0,03

H
n
+
(d)
= 0,035 - 0,03 = 0,005 (mol)
0, 005
[H ] 0, 01
0,1 0, 4
+

+
[H
+
] = 0,01 = 10
-2
(mol/lt) pH = 2 B ng
Bi ton 3: (Trch thi tuyn sinh i hc H C Khi A 2007)
Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1
M v axit H
2
SO
4
0,5 M thu c 5,32 lt H
2
( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch
dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l:
A: 1 B: 2 C: 6 D: 7
Bi gii:
( X)
2 4
H (HCl)
H
H (H SO )
n 0, 25.1 0, 25(mol)
n 0, 25 0, 25 0,5mol
n 0, 25.0,5.2 0, 25(mol)
+
+
+

+
;

2H
+
+ 2e H
2

0,475mol.. 0,2375(mol)
2
H
5,32
n 0, 2375(mol)
22, 4

1
H (Y)
0, 025
n 0,5 0, 475 0, 025(mol) [H ] 0,1 10 (mol / lit)
0, 250
+
+

pH = 1 A ng
Bi ton 4:Cho x mol NO
2
hp th vo dung dch cha x mol NaOH, dung dch
ny thu c c gi tr pH.
A: pH < 7 B: pH = 7 C: pH > 7 D: Khng xc nh
Bi gii:
2NO
2
+ 2NaOH NaNO
3
+ NaNO
2
+ H
2
O
xmol xmol x/2mol x/2mol
Sau phn ng thu c mui trung ho NaNO
3
(xmol) v mui NaNO
2
(xmol)
m NaNO
2
l mui to bi axit yu v baz mnh nn:
2 2 2
NO H O HNO OH

+ +
s xut hin
OH

lm cho dung dch c tnh baz nn pH > 7 C ng


Bi ton 5:Cho 1 lt dung dch axt c pH = 4, phi thm V ml NaOH 0,01 M vo
thu c dung dch mui c pH = 7, gi tr V ml l:
A: 10 ml B: 40 ml C: 100 ml D: 30 ml
Bi gii:
Dung dch mui c pH = 7 c ngha l mi trng trung tnh
hay
H OH
n n
+

1. 10
-4
= V. 0,01 V = 10
-2
lt = 10ml A ng
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email:
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3
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha
vng gii nhanh ha hc.
Bi ton 6:Trn 300ml dung dch NaOH 0,05 M vi 200ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,05
M thu c dung dch X, gi tr pH ca dung dch X l:
A: pH =1 B: pH =3 C: pH =2 D: pH = 5
Bi gii:
Phn ng trung ha
2
H OH H O
0, 015 0, 015
+
+
OH
H H ( )
H
n 0,3.0, 05 0, 015(mol)
n n 0, 02 0, 015 0, 005(mol)
n 0, 2.0, 05.2 0, 02(mol)

+ +
+

d

2
0, 005
[H ] 0, 01 10 pH 2
0, 2 0,3
+

+
C ng
Bi ton 7:Gi tr pOH ca dung dch thu c sau khi trn 40 ml dung dch
H
2
SO
4
0,25 M vi 60 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M l:
A: pOH =1 B: pOH =2 C: pOH =13 D: pOH =14
Bi gii:
2
H OH H O
0, 02 0, 02(mol)
+
+
H
OH
n 0, 25.0, 04.2 0, 02(mol)
n 0,5.0, 06 0, 03(mol)
+



OH
n 0, 03 0, 02 0, 01(mol)


(d )

1
0, 01
[OH ] 0,1 10 (mol / l)
0, 04 0, 06


+
pOH = 1 A ng
Bi ton 8:Dung dch HCl c pH = 3, s ln pha long dung dch thu c
dung dch HCl c pH = 4 l:
A: 30 B: 40 C: 70 D: 10
Bi gii:
Dung dch HCl c pH = 4 [H
+
] = 10
-4
(mol/l)
Theo cng thc pha long dung dch:
V
1
. C
1
= V
2
.C
2
V
1
.10
-3
=V
2
.10
-4
10V
1
= V
2
. Nh vy pha long dung dch ban u 10 ln D ng
Bi ton 9: c dung dch c pH = 8 th phi ly dung dch axit pH = 5 v
dung dch baz pH = 9 theo t l v th tch l:
A: 11:9 B: 8:9 C: 9:11 D:3:4
Bi gii:
Dung dch axit pH = 5 [H
+
] = 10
-5
M
Dung dch baz pH = 9 pOH = 14 - 9 = 5 [OH
-
] = 10
-5
M
Gi V
1
(lt), V
2
(lt) l th tch dung dch axit v baz cn ly:

5 5
1 2
H OH
n 10 V (mol); n 10 V (mol)
+


Khi trn 2 dung dch vi nhau thu c dung dch c pH = 8 (mi trng baz)
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4
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha
vng gii nhanh ha hc.
pOH = 14 - 8 = 6, [OH
-
]
(d)
= 10
-6
M [H
+
] phn ng ht
Phn ng trung ho xy ra khi trn:

2
H OH H O
+
+
Trc phn ng: 10
-5
V
1
.. 10
-5
V
2

phn ng: 10
-5
V
1
.. 10
-5
V
1
Sau phn ng: 0 .. 10
-5
(V
2
- V
1
)
Do dung dch sau khi trn c nng [OH
-
] = 10
-6
(M)

6
1 2
OH
n 10 (V V )

+
Ta c: 10
-5
(V
2
- V
1
) = 10
-6
(V
1
+ V
2
) 9V
2
= 11V
1

hay
1
2
V 9
V 11

C ng
Bi ton 10:in phn dung dch CuSO
4
vi in cc tr trong thi gian 60 pht,
cng dng in c nh l 0,16 A. Khi lng gam Cu thot ra trn in cc
v pH dung dch thu c sau thi gian in phn l:
A: 1,9 gam v pH =1 B: 0,192 gam v pH =1,22
C: 1,28 gam v pH =3 D: 0,64 gam v pH =2
Bi gii:
p dng cng thc:
X
X
M .I.t
m
n.F
(xem thm phng php in phn)
Cu
64.0,16.60.60
m 0,19(g)
2.96500

Phng trnh in phn dung dch: CuSO
4
p
4 2 2 2 4
1
CuSO H O Cu O H SO
2
+ + +

2 4
3
H SO Cu
H
0,19 2.0,19 0,19
n n n 0, 005938 5,988.10 (mol)
64 64 32
+

3
2
5,938.10
[H ] 5,938.10
0,1

+

pH = -lg5,938.10
-2
= 1,22 B ng
Bi ton 11: Cho 1 dung dch X gm:
4
NH
+
0,1M v NH
3
0,1M (bit hng s
in ly ca
4
NH
+
:
4
10
NH
K 5.10
+

) gi tr pH ca X l:
A: pH =10 B: pH =1,5 C: pH =7,9 D: pH =9,3
Bi gii:
4
4 4
10
4 3
NH
NH Cl NH Cl
NH NH H : K 5.10
+
+
+ +
+
+
4
10
3
NH
4
[H ][NH ]
K 5.10 (mol / l)
[NH ]
+
+

+
thay gi tr vo ta c:
10
10
5.10 .0,1
H 5.10 (mol / l)
0,1

+
1

]

Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email:
phueuro@gmail.com
5
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha
vng gii nhanh ha hc.
pH = -lg (5.10
-10
) = 9,3 D ng
Bi ton 12:Trn ln V ml dung dch KOH 0,002M vi V ml dung dch HNO
3
0,004
M c 2 V ml dung dch X . Dung dch X c pH l:
A: pH =1,5 B: pH = 2,0 C: pH =3,0 D: pH = 4,5
Bi gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:
KOH + HNO
3
KNO
3
+ H
2
O
2
3 3
OH H H O
0, 002V 0, 004V
(mol)... (mol)
10 10
+
+

3
3 3 3
H
0, 002V 0, 002V 2.V
n (mol) [H ] : 0, 001 10 (mol / lit)
10 10 10
+
+

(d )
pH = 3 C ng
Bi ton 13: Th tch ca nc cn thm vo 15 ml dung dch axit HCl c pH=1
c dung dch axit c pH=3 l:
A. 1,68 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 1,12 lt D. 1,485 lt
Bi gii.
p dng cng thc tnh nhanh.
2
pH 3 1
H O truoc
V (10 1).V (10 1).0, 015 1, 485lit


D l p n ng
Bi ton 14: Thm 90 ml nc vo 10 ml dung dch NaOH c pH=12 th thu c
dung dch c pH l:
A. pH=3 B. pH=1 C. pH=11 D. pH=13
Bi gii.
Ta c:
pH (pH 12)
sau truoc
(pH 12)
V 10 .V (90 10) 10 .10
10 10 pH 11 C dung


<> +
> >
Bi ton 15: . trung ho hon ton 50ml hn hp X gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
cn dng
20 ml NaOH 0,3 M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c 0,381 gam hn hp
mui kh. Tnh nng mol ca mi axit v pH ca hn hp X (coi H
2
SO
4
phn li
hon ton thnh ion).
A. C
M(HCl)
= 0,120M ;
2 4
M(H SO )
C
= 0,080M v pH = 0,85
B. C
M(HCl)
= 0,072M ;
2 4
M(H SO )
C
= 0,024M v pH = 0,92
C. C
M(HCl)
= 0,065M ;
2 4
M(H SO )
C
= 0,015M v pH = 0,89
D. Kt qu khc
Bi gii.
t x, y l s mol ca HCl v H
2
SO
4
trong 50 ml hn hp
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
(mol) x x x
H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O
(mol) y 2y y
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email:
phueuro@gmail.com
6
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha
vng gii nhanh ha hc.
Theo trn v ta c :
58,5x 142y 0,381
x 2y 0,3.0,02
+
;
+


x 0,0036
y 0,0012

Vy :
M(HCl)
0,0036
C
0,05
= 0,072(M),
2 4
M(H SO )
0,0012
C
0,05
= 0,024(M)
pH = lg[H
+
] =
0,006
lg
0,05
= lg0,12 = 0,92
III. bi ton t gii.
Bi 1. Mt dd c [OH
-
] = 1,5.10
-10
M. dung dch ny c mi trng.
A. Axit B. trung tnh C. baz D. Khng xc nh c.
Bi 2. Cho dd HCl c pH = 2. Nng [H
+
] l
A. 10
2
M B. 0.02 M C. 0.01 M D. 2.10
-2
M.
Bi 3. Chn cu sai:
A. dd mui CH
3
COOK c pH > 7 B. dd mui NaHCO
3
c pH < 7
B. dd mui NH
4
Cl c pH < 7 D. dd mui Na
2
SO
4
c pH = 7
Bi 4.Trn ln 2 dd c th tch bng nhau HCl =0.5 M v Ba(OH)
2
= 0.2 M . pOH
ca dd thu c l:
A. 9 B. 12.5 C. 2 D. 13
Bi 5. Cho dd NaOH c pH = 12 (ddX) cn pha long dd X bao nhiu ln thu
c dd NaOH c pH = 11:
A. 10 ln B. 5 ln C. 15 ln D. 20 ln
Bi 6. Phn ng no sau y to ra mi trng axit( theo ng t l s mol cht
tham gia phn ng)
A. HCl + NaOH B. HCl + Al(OH)
3
C. H
2
CO
3
+ NaOH D. CH
3
COOH + NaOH
Bi 7.Cho 0,001 mol NH
4
Cl vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 v un si, sau lm ngui,
thm vo mt t phenol phtalein, dung dch thu c c mu
A. xanh B. hng C. trng D. khng mu
Bi 8. cho a mol CO
2
hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha 2a nmol NaOH thu
c dung dch c pH bng:
A. pH <7 B. pH > 7
C. pH =7 D. khng xc nh c
Bi 9. Cn phi pha ch theo t l no v khi lng gia 2 dung dch KNO
3
c
nng % tng ng l 45% v 15% c mt dung dch KNO
3
c nng
20%.
A. 2/3 B. 2/5 C. 1/5 D. 3/5
Bi 10. Lm bay hi 500ml dung dch HNO
3
20% (D = 1,2g/ml) ch cn 300
g dung dch. Nng phn trm ca dung dch ny l :
A. 30% B. 40% C. 35% D. 38%
Bi 11. Tnh s ml H
2
O cn thm vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung
dch mi c nng 0,1M.
A. 9000 ml B. 18000 ml C. 11000 ml D. 17000 ml
Bi 12. Trn 100ml dung dch KOH c pH = 12 vi 100ml dung dch HCl 0,012M.
pH ca dung dch thu c sau khi trn l :
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email:
phueuro@gmail.com
7
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 3 tp cha kha
vng gii nhanh ha hc.
A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5
Bi 13. Trn 200 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,05M vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,06M. pH ca dung dch
to thnh l:
A. 2,7 B. 1,6 C. 1,9 D. 2,4
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email:
phueuro@gmail.com
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