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Chng 4. I CNG HA HU C 1. Khi qut v hp cht hu c 2.

Mt s khi nim trong ha hc hu c (1) Cng thc n gin, cng thc nguyn, cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to (2) ng ng, ng phn (3) ng phn cu to, ng phn lp th (ng phn hnh hc, ng phn cis-trans,) (4) Hp cht no, khng no, mch h, mch vng (5) Nhm chc, n chc, a chc, tp chc (6) Bc ca cacbon 3. Lp cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c (1) Phn tch nh tnh: xc nh cc nguyn t to nn hp cht (2) Phn tch nh lng: xc nh %, m hoc mol ca tng nguyn t trong hp cht (3) Lp cng thc phn t da vo s liu phn tch nh lng 4. c im cu to v tnh cht c trng ca HCHC 5. Cc phng php tinh ch HCHC (1) Phng php chng ct: khi hn hp cc cht lng hoc rn c to nng chy, to si khc nhau (2) Phng php chit: khi hn hp cc cht lng khng trn ln vo nhau (3) Phng php kt tinh: khi cht cn tch c tan khc bit so vi cc cht trong hn hp 6. Phn loi HCHC (1) Hidrocacbon: no (mch h, mch vng), khng no (mch h, mch vng) (2) Dn xut hidrocacbon (hp cht c nhm chc): ancol v ete; andehit v xeton; axit v este; amin, amino axit 7. Cng thc cu to v gi tn ca HCHC (1) Vit cng thc cu to (2) Cch gi tn: tn thng v tn h thng (gm tn thay th, tn gc chc) 8. Phn loi phn ng hu c v cc quy tc phn ng (1) Phn ng th (2) Phn ng cng (3) Phn ng tch L THUYT 1. Khi qut v hp cht hu c - Hp cht hu c l hp cht c cha cacbon (tr NH4HCO3, (NH2)2CO, (NH4)2CO3, CaCO3,..) 2. Mt s khi nim trong ha hc hu c (1) Cng thc n gin, cng thc nguyn, cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to CTG CTN CTPT CTCT CxHyOzNt (CxHyOzNt)n CxHyOzNt l dng khai trin th hin trt t lin kt ca cc nguyn (x, y, z, t l cc s n l h s nguyn (x, y, z, t l bi s t trong phn t. nguyn ti gin) ca x, y, z, t) (12x+y+16z+14t).n = MA (2) ng ng, ng phn ng ng - L cc cht c cng nhm chc (-OH, -CHO, -COOH, -NH2) hn km nhau mt hoc nhiu nhm -CH2 (metilen). - Cc cht ng ng c tnh cht ha hc ging nhau. VD: dy ng ng ca ancol etylic CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH,, CnH2n+1OH. ng phn - L cc cht cng CTPT nhng khc nhau v CTCT. - Cc cht ng phn c tnh cht ha hc khc nhau. VD: cng CTPT C2H6O c cc ng phn CH3-CH2OH CH3-O-CH3 Ancol etylic imetyl ete

(3) ng phn cu to, ng phn lp th (ng phn hnh hc, ng phn cis-trans,) - ng phn bao gm: ng phn cu to v ng phn lp th. - ng phn cu to: l nhng cht c cng CTPT nhng CTCT khc nhau.
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- ng phn lp th gm cc dng: ng phn cis-trans hay ng phn hnh hc hay ng phn cu hnh hay ng phn E-Z miu t hng ca nhm chc trong mt phn t. - iu kin c ng phn Cis-Trans: -C ni i hoc vng. -2 nhm th ( hoc ngt) cng cacbon phi khc nhau. -2 nhm th (hoc ngt) hai cacbon ni i phi khc nhau.

Cis-2-buten

Trans-2-buten

(4) Hp cht no, khng no, mch h, mch vng Hp cht no Hp cht khng no Mch h Mch vng l hp cht ch cha lin ngoi lin kt n cn cc nguyn t khng cc nguyn t lin kt c lin kt i (=), lin lin kt to thnh mch to thnh mch kn. kt n (). kt ba (). kn. H HCH H Metan CH2=CH2 Etilen HCCH Axetilen CH2=CH-CH3 Propilen

Xiclopropan

(5) Nhm chc, n chc, a chc, tp chc Nhm chc n chc a chc Tp chc L nhm nguyn t - Ch cha mt nhm - Cha nhiu nhm chc - Cha nhiu nhm chc gy nn tnh cht chc. ging nhau. khc nhau. c trng ca hp - VD: C2H5OH, - VD: C2H4(OH)2, - VD: HOCH2COOH, cht. CH3COOH, CH2(COOH)2, NH2CH2COOH 6) Bc ca cacbon: bc ca cacbon l s nguyn t cacbon lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon . Trong phn t hp cht hu c, nguyn t cacbon c gi l cacbon bc mt, bc hai, bc ba hay bc bn tu theo nguyn t cacbon lin kt vi mt, hai, ba hoc bn nguyn t cacbon khc.

3. Lp cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c A (CxHyOzNt) (1) Phn tch nh tnh: xc nh cc nguyn t to nn hp cht. (2) Phn tch nh lng: xc nh %, m hoc mol ca tng nguyn t trong hp cht.

- Tm s mol v khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong A nC = nCO2 + nCaCO3 + mC = 12.nC nH = 2.nH2O mH = n H nN = 2.nN2 mN = 14.nN nO = (mA mC mH mN):16 m O = mA m C m H m N K .mct .1000 mA - Cng thc tm MA: MA = dA/B.MB hoc MA = hoc MA = nA mdm .t

Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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(3) Lp cng thc phn t da vo s liu phn tch nh lng - Cch 1:

12 x y 16 z 14t M A = = = = x, y, z, t CTPT l CxHyOzNt mC mH mO mN mA 12 x y 16 z 14t M A = = = = x, y, z, t CTPT l CxHyOzNt %C % H %O % N 100


- Cch 2:

Hoc

mC mH mO mN : : : = x: y: z: t 12 1 16 14 %C % H %O % N x: y : z :t = : : : = x: y: z: t 12 1 16 14 x: y : z :t =
CTPT c dng: (CxHyOzNt)n vi (12x+y+16z+14t).n = MA tm n

4. c im cu to v tnh cht c trng ca HCHC

Cu to Tnh cht vt l Lin kt cng Hp cht hu c c nhit ho tr l ch nng chy, nhit si thp yu. (d bay hi), thng khng tan hoc t tan trong nc, d tan trong dung mi hu c.

Tnh cht ho hc - a s hp cht hu c u d chy, km bn vi nhit, d b nhit phn. - Phn ng ca cc hp cht hu c thng xy ra chm, khng hon ton, khng theo mt hng nht nh, cn un nng hoc xc tc.

5. Cc phng php tinh ch HCHC (1) Phng php chng ct: khi hn hp cc cht lng hoc rn c to nng chy, to si khc nhau. (2) Phng php chit: khi hn hp cc cht lng khng trn ln vo nhau. (3) Phng php kt tinh: khi cht cn tch c tan khc bit so vi cc cht trong hn hp. 6. Phn loi HCHC (1) Hidrocacbon: mch h (no, khng no), mch vng (no, khng no) Hirocacbon

HC mch h

HC mch vng

HC no H HCH H Metan

HC khng no 1 ni i CH2=CH2 Etilen

HC khng no 2 ni i tr ln H2C=CH-CH=CH2 Butaien-1,3

HC khng no 1 ni ba HCCH Axetilen

HC vng no (ch c ni n)

HC vng thm (vng benzen)

HC vng khng no

Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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(2) Dn xut hidrocacbon (hp cht c nhm chc): ancol v ete; andehit v xeton; axit v este; amin, amino axit Hp cht hu c c nhm chc

Ancol-ru CH3-CH2-OH (ru etilic)

Phenol OH

Anehit H-CHO (anehit formic)

Xeton CH3-C-CH3 O (axeton)

Axit cacboxylic CH3-COOH (axit axetic) Hay:

Amin CH3NH2 (metyl amin)

OH gn ln vng Ete CH3-O-CH3 (imetylete) OH khng gn ln vng Ru thm CH2OH

CH3-CHO (anehit axetic) Hay: CH3

O
CH3 Este

O H

C OH
Amino axit NH2CH2COOH (-amino axetic)

CH3-COOCH3 (metyl axetat)

7. Cng thc cu to v gi tn ca HCHC (1) Cch vit cng thc cu to - S lin kt () xung quanh mi nguyn t bng vi ha tr ca nguyn t. Lin kt n () c tn gi lin kt xicma (lin kt xicma l mt loi lin kt bn). Lin kt i (=) gm 1 lin kt xicma (bn) v 1 lin kt pi (km bn). Lin kt i () gm 1 lin kt xicma (bn) v 2 lin kt pi (km bn). - Ha tr ca mt s nguyn t trong hp cht hu c: Ha tr I: H, F, Cl, Br, I, K, Na, Ha tr II: O, S, Ca, Ba, Ha tr III: N, P, Fe, Al, Ha tr IV: C, Si, - Vit mch C, b nhnh, di chuyn ni i, ni ba, to vng, thay i nhm chc, - Cng thc tnh (s lin kt pi + vng) ca CxHyOzNtXr (X l halogen)

2x + 2 + t y r 2 Ch : - Cng thc tnh s lin kt pi + vng ch p dng cho hp cht cng ha tr. - Cc nguyn t ha tr II nh oxi, lu hunh khng nh hng ti bt bo ha.
S lin kt pi + vng = - Mt s dng cng thc thng gp: CnH2n+2 (ch cha ni n, gm mch thng v nhnh) CnH2n (c 1 ni i hoc vng v nhnh) CnH2n-2 (c 1 ni ba hoc 2 ni i hoc 1 ni i 1 vng v nhnh) CnH2n-6 (cha vng benzen v nhnh) CxHyO (dng R-OH; R-O -R, R-CHO, R-CO-R) CxHyO2 (dng R-COOH, R-COO -R, HO-R-CHO..) CxHyN (dng R-NH2; R1-NH-R2,) CxHyNO2 (dng NH2RCOOH, RCOONH3R) CxHyNO3 (dng RNH3-HCO3, RCOO-NH3ROH, HORCOO-NH3R,) CxHyN2O3 (dng RNH3NO3, (RNH3)2CO3, NH2RNH3-HCO3) (2) Cch gi tn: tn thng v tn h thng ( gm tn thay th, tn gc chc)

- Tn thng thng: c gn lin vi qu trnh tm ra hp cht.


Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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- Tn h thng IUPAC (a) Tn gc chc: tn phn gc + tn phn nh chc


Gc -CH3 -C2H5 -C3H7 -C4H9 -CnH2n+1 Tn gc Tn Gc Metyl -C2H3 Etyl -C3H5 Propyl -C6H5 Butyl -CH2C6H5 Ankyl Tn Vinyl Anlyl Phenyl Benzyl Chc -F -Cl -Br -I -OH Tn phn nh chc Tn Chc Florua -OClorua -CHO Bromua -COIotua -COOH ic -COOTn ete ---------

(b) Tn thay th: s ch v tr - tn phn th | mch chnh - s ch v tr - tn phn nh chc - S ch v tr: l cc s t nhin 1, 2, 3, 4(s v ch cch nhau bng du ) - Tn phn th
-CH3 -C2H5 -C3H7 -C4H9 -CnH2n+1 Metyl Etyl Propyl Butyl Ankyl -C2H3 -C3H5 -C6H5 -CH2C6H5 Vinyl Anlyl Phenyl Benzyl -F -Cl -Br -I Flo Clo Brom Iot

- Tn mch chnh - Mch chnh l mch C di nht nhiu nhnh nht c nhm chc, ni i, ni ba. - nh s t pha c nhm chc, ni i, ni ba hoc nhiu nhnh nht.

- Tn chc
Chc = vng no Tn an en in Xiclo (ng u) Chc -OH -CHO -CO-COOH -NH2 Tn ol al on oic amin

8. Phn loi phn ng hu c v cc quy tc phn ng (1) Phn ng th (quy tc th): - Th ngoi vng benzen: cn c nh sng v u tin th H ca C bc cao to sn phm chnh. - Th trn vng benzen: cn xc tc bt Fe/to v sn phm ph thuc vo nhm X c trn vng.

o -C2H5,.. -CnH2n+1) s d th vo ortho v para (o, p). e m p


Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

- X l nhm no (nhm y electron: -NH2, -OH, -CH3,

- X l nhm khng no (nhm ht electron: -NO2, -CHO, 5

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-COOH, -CH=CH2,..) s d th vo mta (m). (2) Phn ng cng (quy tc cng Maconhicop): H+ vo C ni i, ni ba bc thp (C t H) X- (-OH, -Cl, -Br,) vo C ni i, ni ba cn li to sn phm chnh. (3) Phn ng tch (quy tc cng Zaixep): X- (-OH, -Cl, -Br,) s tch cng vi H+ ca C bc cao bn cnh to ni i, ni ba l sn phm chnh. BI TP T LUN Dng 1. Vit CTCT v gi tn ca cc cht sau: (1) CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 (2) C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, C5H10, C6H12 (mch h), C6H12 (mch kn) (3) C2H2, C3H4, C4H6, C5H8 (ch cha ni ), C5H8 (ch cha ni =), C5H8 (cha ni = v vng) (4) C6H6, C7H8, C8H10 , C8H8 (cc cht u cha vng thm - vng benzen) (5) CH2Cl2, C2H5Br, C3H7Cl, C2H4Br2, C3H6ClBr, C4H9Br, C5H11Cl (6) CH4O, C2H6O, C3H8O, C4H10O (cha nhm ancol), C4H10O (cha nhm ete), C5H12O (cha -OH) (7) CH2O2, C2H4O2, C3H6O2, C4H8O2 (cha nhm axit), C4H8O2 (cha nhm este) (8) C2H4O2Na, C2H5O2Na, C2H3O2Na, Na2C2O4 (9) C2H7N, C3H9N, C2H5NO2 (tp chc amin v axit), C3H7NO2 (tp chc amin v axit) Dng 2. Tm ng ng, ng phn (cis-trans) (1) ng ng l g? ng phn l g? Trong cc cht sau cht no l ng ng ca nhau, cht no l ng phn ca nhau? (1) CH3- CH2-CH2-OH ; (2) C2H5-O-C2H5; (3) C3H7-O-CH3; (4) CH3- CH2- CH2-CH2-OH (2) iu kin mt cht c ng phn hnh hc? Cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc? Vit cng thc ng phn hnh hc nu c. (1) CH3 - CH = CH2 (2) CH3 - CH = CH - C2H5 (3) CHCl = CHCl (4) (CH3)2C = CHCH3 (5) CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 (6) CH3 - CH = CHBr Dng 3. Lp CTPT ca HCHC Ch : tm s mol C, Na, H,v mOxi trong HCHC ta s dng - Bo ton nguyn t. - Bo ton khi lng. (1) Lp CTPT theo s mol ca nguyn t Cu 1: t chy hon ton 1,68g mt hidrocacbon X c M=84 thu c 5,28 g CO 2. S nguyn t cacbon trong phn t X l? Cu 2:Mt hidrocacbon X c M=58, phn tch 1g X th c 5/29g hidro. S nguyn t H c trong X? Cu 4: t chy hon ton mt cht X (cha C,H,O) cn dng 8,96 lit O2 thu c 6,72 lit CO2 v 7,2g H2O. Cc th tch o ktc. CTPT ca X? Cu 5: t chy hon ton 7,6 g mt cht X cn dng 8,96 lit O 2 ktc. Thu c mCO2 mH2O = 6g. CTPT ca X ? Cu 6: t hon ton 0,1mol hp cht hu c X cn 7,84 lit O 2 thu c 5,6 lit CO2, 4,5g H2O v 5,3g Na2CO3. CTPT ca X ? Cu 7: t hon ton 2,3g cht hu c X cn V lit O2. Sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh nc vi trong d c 10g kt ta v khi lng bnh tng 7,1g. Gi tr ca V (ktc) v CTPT ca X ? Cu 8: t hon ton cht hu c X cn 6,72 lit O2 ktc. Sn phm chy gm CO2 v H2O hp th ht vo bnh Ba(OH)2 c 19,7g kt ta v khi lng dung dch gim 5,5g. un nng dung dch thu thm 9,85g kt ta. CTPT ca X ?

Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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Cu 9: t hon ton hidrocacbon X. Sn phm thu c cho hp th ht vo 200ml Ca(OH) 2 1M thy c 10g kt ta, khi lng bnh tng 16,8g. Lc kt ta i dung dch thu c c th phn ng vi Ba(OH)2 d. CTPT ca X? Cu 10: t hon ton 10cm3 cht hu c X th kh phi dng 450 cm3 khng kh (cha 20% O2) thu c CO2 v H2O c th tch bng nhau. Cc th tch o cng iu kin. CTPT ca X? Cu 11: Phn tch 1,7g cht hu c M th thu c 5,5g CO2 v 1,8g H2O. Cng thc n gin ca M ? Cu 12: t hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c c dng CxHy phi dng ht 84 lit khng kh (O2 chim 1/5 th tch). CTPT ca CxHy? Cu 13: t hon ton 1 lit cht hu c X cn 5 lit O2 thu c 3 lit CO2 v 4 lit hi H2O. Cc th tch o cng iu kin. CTPT ca X ? Cu 14: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon X ri cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt vo cc bnh ng P2O5 v KOH d, t l khi lng tng ln ca hai bnh ln lt l 9 : 44. CTPT ca X ? Cu 15: t mt lng hirocacbon X thu c hn hp sn phm trong CO 2 c khi lng chim 66,165%. X c CTPT ? Cu 16: t hon ton m gam cht hu c X (C,H,N) cn dng 14 lit O2 ktc. Sn phm chy cho li chm qua nc vi trong d thy c 40g kt ta v 1120 ml kh khng b hp th. CTPT ca X ? Cu 17: t chy hon ton 2,25 gam mt hn hp cht hu c A cha C, H, O cn 0,1375 mol O 2 thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol l 4:5. Khi lng phn t ca A l 90 vC. Cng thc phn t ca A? Cu 18: t chy mt hirocacbon X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l khi lng thc n gin nht ca X ? Cu 19: t chy hon ton 4,45 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn

mCO2 mH 2O

= 4,889. Cng

phm chy gm c 3,15 g H2O v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO 2 v N2 (ktc). Xc nh CTGN ca X. Cu 20: t chy 5,8g cht hu c A th thu c 2,65g Na2CO3 v 2,25g H2O v 12,1g CO2. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng trong phn t A ch cha mt nguyn t Natri ? Cu 21: t chy hon ton 0,01mol cht hu c (B) bng mt lng Oxy va l 0,616 lt th thu c 1,344 lt hn hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi lm ngng t hi nc, hn hp kh cn li chim th tch 0,56 lt v c t khi i vi Hydro bng 20,4. Xc nh CTPT ca (B) bit rng cc th tch kh o trong iu kin tiu chun v (B) ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ? Cu 22: t chy hon ton 1,5g cht hu c A ri dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng CaCl2 v bnh hai ng dung dch KOH th khi lng bnh mt tng 0,9g v khi lng bnh hai tng 1,76g. Mt khc khi nh lng 3g A bng phng php uyma th thu c 448ml N2 (kc). Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 2,59 ?
Cu 23: Phn tch 0,31g cht hu c X ch cha C, H, N to thnh 0,44g CO 2. Mt khc, nu phn tch 0,31g vi vi ti xt ri dn ton b lng NH3 to thnh vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,4M th cn 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1,4M trung ha lng axit d. Lp cng thc phn t ca X bit 1 lt (ktc) hi cht X nng 1,38g. Cu 24: t chy 0,282g hp cht hu c v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng

CaCl2 khan v KOH, thy bnh CaCl2 tng thm 0,194g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,8g. Mt khc t 0,186g cht hu c thu c 22,4ml N2 (kc). Tm CTPT ca hp cht hu c bit rng trong phn t cht hu c ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ? Cu 25: t chy hon ton 0,369g hp cht hu c A sinh ra 0,2706g CO2 v 0,2214g H2O. un nng cng lng cht A ni trn vi vi ti xt bin tt c Nit trong A thnh NH 3 ri dn kh NH3 ny vo 10ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. trung ha lng H2SO4 cn d ta cn dng 15,4ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit phn t lng ca n l 60vC ? Cu 26: t chy hon ton 10,4g hp cht hu c (A) ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh
Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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mt tng 3,6g v bnh hai c 30g kt ta trng. Khi ha hi 5,2g A thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6g kh O2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Xc nh CTPT ca A.
(2) Lp CTPT theo khi lng ca nguyn t Cu 1: Phn tch 0,46g A to thnh 448ml CO2 (ktc) v 0,54g H2O. T khi A vi khng kh l 1,586. Cu 2: Oxi ho hon ton 0,32g hirocacbon X to thnh 0,72g H2O. T khi ca X so vi Heli bng 4. Cu 3: Cht hu c Y c M = 123 vC v t l khi lng cacbon, hiro, oxi v nit trong phn t theo ln lt l 72: 5: 32: 14. Cu 4: Oxi ha hon ton 6,15 g cht X thu c 2,25g H2O; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2 (cc th tch ktc). Lp cng thc n gin ca X. Cu 5: t chy hon ton 4,1 g cht A ngi ta thu c 2,65g Na 2CO3; 1,35g H2O v 1,68 lt CO2 (ktc). Xc nh cng thc n gin ca A. Cu 6: Khi t chy 1,5 g mi cht A hoc B hoc D u thu c sn phm gm 0,9 g H 2O v 2,2g kh CO2. Ba cht trn c phi l ng phn ca nhau hay khng? Gii thch. Cu 7: t chy hon ton 4,45 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn

phm chy gm c 3,15 g H2O v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO2 v N2 (ktc). Xc nh CTG ca X.


Cu 8: t chy hon ton 10,4g hp cht hu c ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 cha nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,6g, bnh 2 thu c 30g kt ta. Khi ho hi 5,2g A thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6g O 2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Cu 9: Khi t chy 18g mt hp cht hu c phi dng 16,8 lt O2 (ktc) thu c kh CO2 v hi nc theo t l th tch CO2 : H2O = 3 : 2. T khi hi ca hp cht hu c i vi H2 l 36. Hy xc nh CTPT ca hp cht . Cu 10: t chy hon ton cht hu c A c t l khi lng mC : mO = 3 : 2, thu c kh CO2 v hi nc theo t l th tch CO2 : H2O = 4 : 3 cng nhit v p sut. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Cu 11: Cho 400 ml mt hn hp gm nit v mt hidrocacbon X th vo 900 ml O 2 (d) ri t. Th tch thu c sau khi t l 1,4 lit. Sau khi cho nc ngng t th c 800 ml hn hp B. Ngi ta cho B qua KOH thy thot ra 400ml kh C. Xc nh CTPT ca X, bit rng cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Cu 12: t chy hon ton 14g mt hp cht hu c X, mch h. Cho sn phm chy qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 100 g kt ta trng, ng thi khi lng bnh tng 62g. Xc nh CTPT ca X bit dX/H2 =35. Cu 13: t chy hon ton 1,26g hp cht hu c A cha C, H, O, N cn va 0,56 lt O 2. Cho ton b sn phm t chy vo bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c, d thu c 0,672 lt hh kh B. Cho B qua bnh 2 ng dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c 2 g kt ta trng. Xc nh CTPT A bit CTPT trng vi CTG (cc th tch kh o ktc). (3) Lp CTPT theo % khi lng ca nguyn t Cu 1: Thnh phn % ca C, H, O trong hp cht Z ln lt l 54,6% ; 9,1% ; 36,3%. Lp cng thc n gin nht ca Z ? Cu 2: Nilon 6, loi t nilon ph bin nht c 63,68% C; 9,08 % H; 14,14% O; v 12,38% N. Xc nh CTG ca nilon 6. Cu 3: Cht hu c A c thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t nh sau: C chim 24,24%; H chim 4,04%; Cl chim 71,72%. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A i vi CO2 l 2,25. Cu 4: Hp cht X c phn trm khi lng C, H, O ln lt bng 54,54%; 9,10% v 36,36%. Khi lng mol phn t ca X bng 88. Xc nh CTPT ca X. Cu 5: T tinh du chanh ngi ta tch c cht limonen thuc loi hirocacbon c hm lng nguyn t H l 11,765%. Tm CTPT ca limonen, bit t khi hi ca limonen so vi heli bng 34. Cu 6: Mt cht hu c A c cha cc nguyn t (C,H, Cl). T khi hi ca cht A i vi H2 l 56,5. Trong hp cht A nguyn t Clo chim 62,832% v khi lng. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht A. 8

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Cu 7: Cht hu c Z c khi lng C l 40% ; 6,67% H, cn li l oxi. Mt khc, khi ho hi mt lng Z ngi ta c th tch ng bng th tch ca nit (II) oxit c khi lng bng 1/3 khi lng ca Z trong cng iu kin. Cu 8: Kt qu phn tch cc nguyn t trong nicotin nh sau: 74% C; 8,65% H; 17,35% N. Xc nh CTGN ca nicotin, bit nicotin c khi lng mol phn t l 162. Cu 9: T tinh du hi, ngi ta tch c anetol mt cht thm c dng sn xut ko cao su. Anetol c khi lng mol phn t bng 148 g/mol. Phn tch nguyn t cho thy, anetol c %C = 81,08%; %H = 8,10% cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN v CTPT ca anetol. Cu 10: T genol (trong tinh du hng nhu) iu ch c metylgenol (M = 178 g/mol) l cht dn d cn trng. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metylgenol cho thy: %C = 74,16%; %H = 7,86%, cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN, CTPT ca metylgenol. Cu 11: Hp cht hu c A c khi lng phn t nh hn benzen (C6H6) v ch cha 4 nguyyn t C, H, O, N trong hidro chim 9,09%, nit chim 18,18%. t chy ht 7,7 gam A thu c 4,928 lt kh CO2 27,30C v 1 atm. Xc nh CTPT ca A. BI TP TRC NGHIM Dng 1. Tnh cht c bn ca hp cht hu c Cu 1: Thnh phn cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c A. nht thit phi c cacbon, thng c H, hay gp O, N sau n halogen, S, P... B. gm c C, H v cc nguyn t khc. C. bao gm tt c cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon. D. thng c C, H hay gp O, N, sau n halogen, S, P. Cu 2: c im chung ca cc phn t hp cht hu c l 1. thnh phn nguyn t ch yu l C v H. 2. c th cha nguyn t khc nh Cl, N, P, O. 3. lin kt ha hc ch yu l lin kt cng ho tr. 4. lin kt ho hc ch yu l lin kt ion. 5. d bay hi, kh chy. 6. phn ng ho hc xy ra nhanh. Cc pht biu ng l: A. 4, 5, 6. B. 1, 2, 3. C. 1, 3, 5. D. 2, 4, 6. Cu 3: Cu to ho hc l A. s lng lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t. B. cc loi lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t. C. th t lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t. D. bn cht lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t. Cu 4: Pht biu no sau c dng nh ngha cng thc n gin nht ca hp cht hu c ? A. Cng thc n gin nht l cng thc biu th s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong phn t. B. Cng thc n gin nht l cng thc biu th t l ti gin v s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong phn t. C. Cng thc n gin nht l cng thc biu th t l phn trm s mol ca mi nguyn t trong phn t. D. Cng thc n gin nht l cng thc biu th t l s nguyn t C v H c trong phn t. Cu 5: Cho cht axetilen (C2H2) v benzen (C6H6), hy chn nhn xt ng trong cc nhn xt sau : A. Hai cht ging nhau v cng thc phn t v khc nhau v cng thc n gin nht. B. Hai cht khc nhau v cng thc phn t v ging nhau v cng thc n gin nht. C. Hai cht khc nhau v cng thc phn t v khc nhau v cng thc n gin nht. D. Hai cht c cng cng thc phn t v cng cng thc n gin nht. Cu 6: c im chung ca cc cacbocation v cacbanion l: A. km bn v c kh nng phn ng rt kem. B. chng u rt bn vng v c kh nng phn ng cao. C. c th d dng tch c ra khi hn hp phn ng. D. km bn v c kh nng phn ng cao. Cu 7: Phn ng ha hc ca cc hp cht hu c c c im l: A. thng xy ra rt nhanh v cho mt sn phm duy nht. 9
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B. thng xy ra chm, khng hon ton, khng theo mt hng nht nh. C. thng xy ra rt nhanh, khng hon ton, khng theo mt hng nht nh. D. thng xy ra rt chm, nhng hon ton, khng theo mt hng xc nh. Cu 8: Pht biu no sau y l sai ? A. Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng ha tr. B. Cc cht c cu to v tnh cht tng t nhau nhng v thnh phn phn t khc nhau mt hay nhiu nhm -CH2- l ng ng ca nhau. C. Cc cht c cng khi lng phn t l ng phn ca nhau. D. Lin kt ba gm hai lin kt v mt lin kt . Cu 9: Kt lun no sau y l ng ? A. Cc nguyn t trong phn t hp cht hu c lin kt vi nhau khng theo mt th t nht nh. B. Cc cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm -CH2-, do tnh cht ha hc khc nhau l nhng cht ng ng. C. Cc cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng khc nhau v cng thc cu to c gi l cc cht ng ng ca nhau. D. Cc cht khc nhau c cng cng thc phn t c gi l cc cht ng phn ca nhau. Cu 10: Cc cht c cu to v tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau, chng ch hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm metylen (-CH2-) c gi l A. ng phn. B. ng v. C. ng ng. D. ng khi. Cu 11: Hp cht cha mt lin kt trong phn t thuc loi hp cht A. khng no. B. mch h. C. thm. D. no hoc vng. Cu 12: Hp cht hu c c phn loi nh sau: A. Hirocacbon v hp cht hu c c nhm chc. B. Hirocacbon v dn xut ca hirocacbon. C. Hirocacbon no, khng no, thm v dn xut ca hirocacbon. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 13: Pht biu khng chnh xc l: A. Tnh cht ca cc cht ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t v cu to ha hc. B. Cc cht c cng khi lng phn t l ng phn ca nhau. C. Cc cht l ng phn ca nhau th c cng cng thc phn t. D. S xen ph trc to thnh lin kt , s xen ph bn to thnh lin kt . Cu 14: Nung mt hp cht hu c X vi lng d cht oxi ha CuO ngi ta thy thot ra kh CO2, hi H2O v kh N2. Chn kt lun chnh xc nht trong cc kt lun sau : A. X chc chn cha C, H, N v c th c hoc khng c oxi. B. X l hp cht ca 3 nguyn t C, H, N. C. Cht X chc chn c cha C, H, c th c N. D. X l hp cht ca 4 nguyn t C, H, N, O. Cu 15: Cho hn hp cc ankan sau: pentan (si 36 oC), heptan (si 98oC), octan (si 126oC), nonan (si 151oC). C th tch ring cc cht bng cch no sau y ? A. Kt tinh. B. Chng ct C. Thng hoa. D. Chit. Cu 16: Cc cht trong nhm cht no di y u l dn xut ca hirocacbon ? A. CH2Cl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, NaCl, CH3Br, CH3CH2Br. B. CH2Cl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, CH3Br, CH2=CHCOOH, CH3CH2OH. C. CH2Br-CH2Br, CH2=CHBr, CH3Br, CH3CH3. D. HgCl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, CH2=CHBr, CH3CH2Br. Cu 17: Cho cc cht : C6H5OH (X) ; C6H5CH2OH (Y) ; HOC6H4OH (Z) ; C6H5CH2CH2OH (T). Cc cht ng ng ca nhau l: A. Y, T. B. X, Z, T. C. X, Z. D. Y, Z. Cu 18: Trong nhng dy cht sau y, dy no c cc cht l ng phn ca nhau ? A. C2H5OH, CH3OCH3. B. CH3OCH3, CH3CHO. C. CH3CH2CH2OH, C2H5OH. D. C4H10, C6H6. Cu 19: Cc cht hu c n chc Z1, Z2, Z3 c CTPT tng ng l CH2O, CH2O2, C2H4O2. Chng thuc cc dy ng ng khc nhau. Cng thc cu to ca Z3 l A. CH3COOCH3. B. HOCH2CHO. C. CH3COOH. D. CH3OCHO. 54. Pht biu no sau y khng ng: A. CH3C6H4-OH v C6H5CH2-OH l ng ng.
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B. CH3-O-CH3 v C2H5-OH l ng phn cu to. C. CH3CH2CH2-OH v CH3CH(-OH)CH3 l ng phn v tr. D. CH2=CHCH2-OH v CH3CH2-CH=O l ng phn chc. Dng 2. Tnh bt bo ha, vit ng phn cu to v gi tn Cu 1: Lin kt i l do nhng loi ln kt no hnh thnh A. lin kt B. lin kt C. hai lin kt D. lin kt v Cu 2: Trong phn t CH4 cc obitan ho tr ca cacbon trng thi lai ho no A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp3d D. sp Cu 3: Trong phn t C2H4 cc obitan ho tr ca cacbon trng thi lai ho no A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp3d D. sp Cu 4: Trong phn t C2H2 cc obitan ho tr ca cacbon trng thi lai ho no A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp3d D. sp Cu 5: Hp cht (CH3)2C=CHC(CH3)2CH=CHBr c danh php IUPAC l A. 1-brom-3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien. B. 3,3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien-1-brom. C. 2,4,4-trimetylhexa-2,5-ien-6-brom. D. 1-brom-3,3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien. Cu 6: Hp cht (CH3)2C=CH-C(CH3)3 c danh php IUPAC l: A. 2,2,4- trimetylpent-3-en. B. 2,4-trimetylpent-2-en. C. 2,4,4-trimetylpent-2-en. D. 2,4-trimetylpent-3-en. Cu 7: Hp cht CH2=CHC(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH3 c danh php IUPAC l: A. 1,3,3-trimetylpent-4-en-1-ol. B. 3,3,5-trimetylpent-1-en-5-ol. C. 4,4-imetylhex-5-en-2-ol. D. 3,3-imetylhex-1-en-5-ol. Cu 8: Cho cng thc cu to sau : CH3CH(OH)CH=C(Cl)CHO. S oxi ha ca cc nguyn t cacbon tnh t phi sang tri c gi tr ln lt l: A. +1 ; +1 ; -1 ; 0 ; -3. B. +1 ; -1 ; -1 ; 0 ; -3. C. +1 ; +1 ; 0 ; -1 ; +3. D. +1 ; -1 ; 0 ; -1 ; +3. Cu 9: Trong cng thc CxHyOzNt tng s lin kt v vng l: A. (2x-y + t+2)/2. B. (2x-y + t+2). C. (2x-y - t+2)/2. D. (2x-y + z + t+2)/2. Cu 10: Vitamin A cng thc phn t C20H30O, co cha 1 vong 6 canh va khng co cha lin kt ba. S lin kt i trong phn t vitamin A la A. 7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 11: Licopen, cng thc phn t C40H56 la cht mau o trong qua ca chua, chi cha lin kt i va lin kt n trong phn t. Hiro hoa hoan toan licopen c hirocacbon C40H82. Vy licopen co A. 1 vong; 12 ni i. B. 1 vong; 5 ni i. C. 4 vong; 5 ni i. D. mach h; 13 ni i. Cu 12: Metol C10H20O va menton C10H18O chung u co trong tinh du bac ha. Bit phn t metol khng co ni i, con phn t menton co 1 ni i. Vy kt lun nao sau y la ung ? A. Metol va menton u co cu tao vong. B. Metol co cu tao vong, menton co cu tao mach h. C. Metol va menton u co cu tao mach h. D. Metol co cu tao mach h, menton co cu tao vong. Cu 13: Trong hp cht CxHyOz th y lun lun chn v y 2x+2 l do: A. a 0 (a l tng s lin kt v vng trong phn t). B. z 0 (mi nguyn t oxi to c 2 lin kt). C. mi nguyn t cacbon ch to c 4 lin kt. D. cacbon v oxi u c ha tr l nhng s chn. Cu 14: Tng s lin kt v vng ng vi cng thc C5H9O2Cl l: A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 15: Tng s lin kt v vng ng vi cng thc C5H12O2 l: A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 16: Cng thc tng qut ca dn xut iclo mch h c cha mt lin kt ba trong phn t l A. CnH2n-2Cl2. B. CnH2n-4Cl2. C. CnH2nCl2. D. CnH2n-6Cl2. Cu 17: Cng thc tng qut ca dn xut ibrom khng no mch h cha a lin kt l A. CnH2n+2-2aBr2. B. CnH2n-2aBr2. C. CnH2n-2-2aBr2. D. CnH2n+2+2aBr2. Cu 18: Hp cht hu c c cng thc tng qut CnH2n+2O2 thuc loi A. ancol hoc ete no, mch h, hai chc. B. anehit hoc xeton no, mch h, hai chc. 11
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C. axit hoc este no, n chc, mch h. D. hiroxicacbonyl no, mch h. Cu 19: Ancol no mch h c cng thc tng qut chnh xc nht l A. R(OH)m. B. CnH2n+2Om. C. CnH2n+1OH. D. CnH2n+2-m(OH)m. Cu 20: Cng thc tng qut ca anehit n chc mch h c 1 lin kt i C=C l: A. CnH2n+1CHO. B. CnH2nCHO. C. CnH2n-1CHO. D. CnH2n-3CHO. Cu 21: Anehit mch h c cng thc tng qut CnH2n-2O thuc loi A. anehit n chc no. B. anehit n chc cha mt lin kt i trong gc hirocacbon. C. anehit n chc cha hai lin kt trong gc hirocacbon. D. anehit n chc cha ba lin kt trong gc hirocacbon. Cu 22: Cng thc tng qut ca ancol n chc mch h c 2 ni i trong gc hirocacbon l A. CnH2n-4O. B. CnH2n-2O. C. CnH2nO. D. CnH2n+2O. Cu 23: Anehit mch h CnH2n 4O2 c s lng lin kt trong gc hirocacbon l: A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 24: Cng thc phn t tng qut ca axit hai chc mch h cha mt lin kt i trong gc hirocacbon l A. CnH2n-4O4. B. CnH2n-2O4. C. CnH2n-6O4. D. CnH2nO4. Cu 25: Axit mch h CnH2n 4O2 c s lng lin kt trong gc hirocacbon l: A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 26: Tng s lin kt v vng trong phn t axit benzoic l A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. Cu 27: S ng phn mch vng ca hp cht c cng thc phn t C5H10 l A. 2 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3 Cu 28: S ng phn ca hp cht c cng thc phn t C4H8 l A. 7 B. 5 C. 6 D. 8 Cu 29: S ng phn ca hp cht c cng thc phn t C6H14 l A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3 Cu 30: Tng s ng phn ca C4H9Cl v C4H9OH l A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12 Cu 31: S ng phn anehit c cng thc C5H10O A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Cu 32: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C6H14 A. 6. B. 7. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 33: S lng ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10 l A. 2. B. 3. C. 6. D. 5. Cu 34: S lng ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10 l A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10. Cu 35: S lng ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C5H8 l: A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10. Cu 36: S lng ng phn cha vng benzen ng vi cng thc phn t C9H12 l: A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10. Cu 37: S lng ng phn cha vng benzen ng vi cng thc phn t C9H10 l: A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 6. Cu 38: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H5Br3 l: A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. Cu 39: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H5Cl l: A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. Cu 40: Hp cht C4H10O c s ng phn ancol v tng s ng phn l: A. 7 v 4. B. 4 v 7. C. 8 v 8. D.10 v 10. Cu 41: S lng ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O l: A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 42: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C4H11N l A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10. Cu 43: Nhm cht no sau y khng cha cc ng phn ca nhau: (I) CH2 = CH CH = CH2 (II) (CH3)2C = CH CH3 12
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(III) CH2 = CH CH2 CH = CH2 (IV) CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 A. II, III B. II, III, IV C. III, IV D. I, II, IV Cu 44: Nhm cht no sau y l ng phn cu to ca nhau: (I) (CH3)2C = CH CH3 (II) CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 CH3 (III) (IV) CH3

A. II, III B. III, IV C. I, II D. II, III, IV Cu 45: Nhm cht no sau y khng l ng ng ca nhau: (I) CH3 CHOH CH3 (II) HO CH2 CH3 (III) CH3 CH2 CH2 OH (IV) (CH3)2CH CH2 OH A. II, III B. I, II C. I, III D. I, IV Cu 46: Nhm cht no sau y l ng ng ca benzen: C2H5 CH3 CH=CH2 CH2 -CH2 -CH3 CH3 (1) (2) (3) (4)

A. (2),(3),(4) B. (2),(3) C. (1),(2),(4) D. (1),(2),(3),(4) Cu 47: Nhm cht no sau y l ng phn cu to ca nhau: (I) CH2 = CH CH = CH2 (II) CH C CH2 CH3 (III) CH2 = C = CH CH3 (IV) CH3 C C CH3 A. I, III B. II, IV C. I, III, IV D. I, II, III, IV Cu 48: Nhm cht no sau y l ng ng ca nhau: (I) CH3 CH = CH2 (II) CH2 = CH (CH2)2 CH3 CH3 (III) A. I, III CH3 B. III, IV (IV) C. II, III, IV CH3 D. I, II

Dng 3. Tm ng ng, ng phn (cis-trans) Cu 1: Hp cht hu c no sau y khng c ng phn cis-trans ? A. 1,2-icloeten. B. but-2-en. C. pent-2-en. D. 2-metyl pent-2-en. Cu 2: Cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc: (X) CH2 = C(CH3)2 (Y) CH3HC = CHCH3 (Z) CH2 = C = CHCH3 (T) (CH3)(C2H5)C = CHCH3 A. X, Y B. Y C. Y, Z, T D. Y, T Cu 3: Hp cht no di y khng c ng phn cis - tram: A. CHCl = CHCl B. (CH3)2C = CHCH3 C. CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 D. CH3 - CH = CH - C2H5 Cu 4: Nhng cht no sau y l ng phn hnh hc ca nhau ?

A. (I), (II). B. (I), (III). C. (II), (III). D. (I), (II), (III). Cu 5: Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CH-CCH (1); CH2=CHCl (2); CH3CH=C(CH3)2 (3); CH3CH=CH-CH=CH2 (4); CH2=CHCH=CH2 (5); CH3CH=CHBr (6). Cc cht co ng phn hinh hoc l A. 2, 4, 5, 6. B. 4, 6. C. 2, 4, 6. D. 1, 3, 4. Dng 4. Lp CTPT ca HCHC (1) Hp cht Hidrocacbon C, H Cu 1: t chy hon ton 1,68g mt hidrocacbon X c M=84 thu c 5,28g CO 2 S nguyn t cacbon trong phn t X l:
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A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 7 Cu 2: Mt hidrocacbon X c M=58, phn tch 1 g X th c 5/29 g hidro. Trong X c s nguyn t H A. 10 B. 5 C. 4 D. 8 Cu 3: t hon ton mt th tch hirocacbon A cn 5 th tch oxi. Cng thc ca A l A. C3H6 hoc C4H4 B. C3H8 hoc C4H4 C. C2H8 hoc C3H8 D. C3H8 hoc C3H4 Cu 4: Phn tch 1,7g cht hu c M th thu c 5,5g CO2 v 1,8g H2O. Cng thc n gin ca M l A. C3H8 B. C4H8 C. C5H8 D. C5H10 Cu 5: t hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c c dng CxHy phi dng ht 84 lit khng kh (O2 chim 1/5 th tch). CTPT ca cht trn l: A. C5H12 B. C4H8 C. C5H8 D. C5H10 Cu 6: t mt lng hirocacbon X thu c hn hp sn phm trong CO 2 c khi lng chim 66,165%. Cht X c cng thc l A. C6H6 B. C4H10 C. C8H10 D. C5H12 Cu 7: Mt hirocacbon X mch h, th kh. Khi lng ca V lt kh ny bng 2 ln khi lng ca V lt kh N2 cng 1 iu kin. Cht X c cng thc l A. C4H10 B. C4H6 D. C2H6 D. C4H8 Cu 8: t chy hon ton 1 hirocacbon, s mol oxi phn ng bng s mol H 2O sinh ra. Hirocacbon c cng thc l: A. CH4 B. C2H4 C. C4H6 D. C3H8 Cu 9: t chy mt hirocacbon X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l khi lng

mCO2 mH 2O

= 4,889. Cng thc

n gin nht ca X l: A. (CH2)n B. (C2H6)n C. (CH3)n D. (CH)n Cu 10: Hp cht X c thnh phn % v khi lng: C (85,8%) v H (14,2%). Hp cht X l A. C3H8. B. C4H10. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 11: t cng s mol ba hirocacbon K, L, M thu c lng CO2 nh nhau v t l s mol H2O v CO2 i vi K, L, M ln lt l 0,5 : 1 : 1,5. Cng thc ca K, L, M ln lt l: A. C3H8, C3H4, C2H4 B. C4H4, C3H6, C2H6 C. C2H2, C2H6, C2H4 D. C2H2, C2H4, C2H6 Cu 12: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon X ri cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt vo cc bnh ng P2O5 v KOH d, t l khi lng tng ln ca hai bnh ln lt l 9 : 44. Cng thc ca X l: A. C2H2 B. C3H8 C. C3H4 D. C2H4 3 3 Cu 13: t hon ton 10cm HCHC X th kh phi dng 450 cm khng kh (cha 20% O2) thu c CO2 v H2O c th tch bng nhau. Cc th tch o cng iu kin. Cng thc ca X l: A. C4H8 B. C3H6 C. C4H6 D. C6H12 Cu 14: t chy hon ton hai hirocacbon l ng ng lin tip thu c 7,2g nc v 10,56g CO2. Hai hirocacbon l A. C2H4 v C3H6 B. C2H2 v C3H4 C. C2H6 v C3H8 D. C2H6 v CH4 Cu 15: t chay hoan toan 0,2 mol hirocacbon X. Hp thu toan b san phm chay vao nc vi trong c 20 gam kt tua. Loc bo kt tua ri un nong phn nc loc lai co 10 gam kt tua na. Vy X khng th la A. C2H6. B. C2H4. C. CH4. D. C2H2. Cu 16: t hon ton hidrocacbon X. Sn phm thu c cho hp th ht vo 200ml Ca(OH) 2 1M thy c 10g kt ta, khi lng bnh tng 16,8g. Lc kt ta i dung dch thu c c th phn ng vi Ba(OH)2 d. Cng thc ca X l: A. C3H8 B. C2H6 C. C3H4 D. C3H6 Cu 17: C 3 hidrocacbon X, Y, Z u l cht kh iu kin thng. Khi phn hu mi cht thnh H2 v C th th tch kh thu c u gp 2 ln th tch ban u. Vy X, Y, Z l: A. Cc cht ng ng. B. Cc cht ng phn. C. u c 2 nguyn t C. D. u c 4 nguyn t H. Cu 18: t chay hoan toan 0,2 mol hirocacbon X. Hp thu toan b san phm chay vao nc vi trong c 20 gam kt tua. Loc bo kt tua ri un nong phn nc loc lai co 10 gam kt tua na. Vy X khng th la A. C2H6. B. C2H4. C. CH4. D. C2H2. 14
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Cu 19: Cho 400 ml mt hn hp gm nit v mt hirocacbon vo 900 ml oxi (d) ri t. Th tch hn hp thu c sau khi t l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho nc ngng t cn 800 ml hn hp, ngi ta cho li qua dung dch KOH thy cn 400 ml kh. Cc th tch kh u o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Cng thc phn t ca cht hu c l: A. C3H8. B. C2H4. C. C2H2. D. C2H6. Cu 20: Hn hp X gm mt s hirocacbon l ng ng k tip. Tng khi lng phn t ca cc hirocacbon trong A l 252, trong khi lng phn t ca hirocacbon nng nht bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca hirocacbon nh nht. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon nh nht v s lng hirocacbon trong X l: A. C3H6 v 4. B. C2H4 v 5. C. C3H8 v 4. D. C2H6 v 5. Cu 21: t chy 1 lt hi hirocacbon vi mt th tch khng kh (lng d). Hn hp kh thu c sau khi hi H2O ngng t c th tch l 18,5 lt, cho qua dung dch KOH d cn 16,5 lt, cho hn hp kh i qua ng ng photpho d th cn li 16 lt. Xc nh CTPT ca hp cht trn bit cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut v O2 chim 1/5 khng kh, cn li l N2. A. C2H6. B. C2H4. C. C3H8. D. C2H2. Cu 22: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon trong 0,5 lt hn hp ca n vi CO2 bng 2,5 lt O2 thu c 3,4 lt kh. Hn hp ny sau khi ngng t ht hi nc cn 1,8 lt, tip tc cho hn hp kh cn li qua dung dch kim d th cn li 0,5 lt kh. Cc th tch c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Cng thc ca hirocacbon l A. C4H10. B. C3H8. C. C4H8. D. C3H6. Cu 23: Hn hp X gm mt s hirocacbon l ng ng k tip. Tng khi lng phn t ca cc hirocacbon trong A l 252, trong khi lng phn t ca hirocacbon nng nht bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca hirocacbon nh nht. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon nh nht v s lng hirocacbon trong X l: A. C3H6 v 4. B. C2H4 v 5. C. C3H8 v 4. D. C2H6 v 5. Cu 24: t chy 1 lt hi hirocacbon vi mt th tch khng kh (lng d). Hn hp kh thu c sau khi hi H2O ngng t c th tch l 18,5 lt, cho qua dung dch KOH d cn 16,5 lt, cho hn hp kh i qua ng ng photpho d th cn li 16 lt. Cng thc ca hp cht trn (bit cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut v O2 chim 1/5 khng kh, cn li l N2) A. C2H6. B. C2H4. C. C3H8. D. C2H2. Cu 25: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon trong 0,5 lt hn hp ca n vi CO2 bng 2,5 lt O2 thu c 3,4 lt kh. Hn hp ny sau khi ngng t ht hi nc cn 1,8 lt, tip tc cho hn hp kh cn li qua dung dch kim d th cn li 0,5 lt kh. Cc th tch c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon l: A. C4H10. B. C3H8. C. C4H8. D. C3H6. Cu 26: Cho 400 ml mt hn hp gm nit v mt hirocacbon vo 900 ml oxi (d) ri t. Th tch hn hp thu c sau khi t l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho nc ngng t cn 800 ml hn hp, ngi ta cho li qua dung dch KOH thy cn 400 ml kh. Cc th tch kh u o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Cng thc phn t ca cht hu c l A. C3H8. B. C2H4. C. C2H2. D. C2H6. (2) Hp cht c cha C, H, O Cu 1: Thnh phn % ca C, H, O trong hp cht Z ln lt l 54,6% ; 9,1% ; 36,3%. Cng thc n gin nht ca Z l: A. C3H6O B. C2H4O C. C5H9O D. C4H8O2 Cu 2: t chy hon ton mt cht X (cha C,H,O) cn dng 8,96 lit O2 thu c 6,72 lit CO2 v 7,2g H2O. Cc th tch o ktc. Cng thc phn t ca X : A. C3H8O B. C2H6O C. C4H8O2 D. C3H8O2 Cu 3: t chy hon ton 7,6 g mt cht X cn dng 8,96 lit O 2 ktc. Thu c mCO2 mH2O = 6g. Cng thc phn t ca X A. C3H8O B. C3H8O3 C. C3H8 D. C3H8O2 Cu 4: Ho hi hon ton 30 g cht X (cha C,H,O) 1270C 1 atm th c 16,8lit. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8O B. C2H6O C. C4H8O2 D. C3H8O2 Cu 5: Cht hu c X c thnh phn % khi lng C, H, O ln lt l 40; 6,67; 53,33. Cng thc phn t ca X c dng A. (C2H4O)n B. (CH2O)n C. (CHO)n D. (C3H6O)n
Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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Cu 6: t hon ton 1 lit cht hu c X cn 5 lit O2 thu c 3 lit CO2 v 4 lit hi H2O. Cc th tch o cng iu kin. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8O B. C3H8 C. C3H6 D. C2H6O Cu 7: t chy mt lng ru n chc X thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l mol 4 : 5. Cht X l A. C2H6O B. C8H8O C. C4H10O D. C5H12O Cu 8: X la mt ancol no, mach h. t chay 0,05 mol X cn 4 gam oxi. X co cng thc l: A. C3H5(OH)3. B. C3H6(OH)2. C. C2H4(OH)2. D. C4H8(OH)2. Cu 9: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt axit cacboxylic no 2 ln thu c 1,2 mol CO 2. Cng thc phn t ca axit l: A. C6H14O4. B. C6H12O4. C. C6H10O4. D. C6H8O4. Cu 10: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc X cn 8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. Cng thc n gin ca X l A. C2H4O. B. C3H6O. C. C4H8O. D. C5H10O. Cu 11: t chy hon ton hp cht hu c X (C,H,O) cn dng 8,96 lit O 2 c 6,72 lit CO2 ; 7,2g H2O. Cc th tch o ktc. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8O B. C2H6O C. C4H8O D. C3H8O2 Cu 12: Oxi ha hon ton 6,15 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 2,25 gam H 2O ; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2 (kc). Phn trm khi lng ca C, H, N v O trong X ln lt l A. 58,5% ; 4,1% ; 11,4% ; 26%. B. 48,9% ; 15,8% ; 35,3% ; 0%. C. 49,5% ; 9,8% ; 15,5% ; 25,2%. D. 59,1 % ; 17,4% ; 23,5% ; 0%. Cu 13: t chy hon ton 2,25 gam mt hn hp cht hu c A cha C, H, O cn 0,1375 mol O2 thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol l 4:5. Khi lng phn t ca A l 90 vC. Cng thc phn t ca A A. C3H6O3 B. C2H2O4 C. C4H10O2 D. C3H8O Cu 14: Khi t 1 lt kh X cn 6 lt O2 thu c 4 lt CO2 v 5 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C4H10O. B. C4H8O2. C. C4H10O2. D. C3H8O. Cu 15: t chy hon ton 3 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 4,4 gam CO 2 v 1,8 gam H2O. Bit t khi ca X so vi He (MHe = 4) l 7,5. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. CH2O2. B. C2H6. C. C2H4O. D. CH2O. Cu 16: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt ancol mch h ba ln cha mt lin kt ba trong gc hirocacbon thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Cng thc phn t ca ancol l A. C6H14O3. B. C6H12O3. C. C6H10O3. D. C6H8O3. Cu 17: Phn tch 1,47 gam cht hu c Y (C, H, O) bng CuO th thu c 2,156 gam CO 2 v lng CuO gim 1,568 gam. Cng thc n gin ca Y l A. CH3O. B. CH2O. C. C2H3O. D. C2H3O2. Cu 18: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c n chc X thu c sn phm chy ch gm CO2 v H2O vi t l khi lng tng ng l 44 : 27. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H6. B. C2H6O. C. C2H6O2. D. C2H4O. Cu 19: t hon ton 2,3g cht hu c X cn V lit O2. Sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh nc vi trong d c 10g kt ta v khi lng bnh tng 7,1g. Gi tr ca V (ktc) v cng thc phn t ca X A. 3,92 ; C4H10O B. 3,36 ; C2H6O C. 4,48 ; C3H8O D. 5,6 ; CH4O Cu 20: t hon ton cht hu c X cn 6,72 lit O2 ktc. Sn phm chy gm CO2 v H2O hp th ht vo bnh Ba(OH)2 c 19,7g kt ta v khi lng dung dch gim 5,5g. un nng dung dch thu thm 9,85g kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8O B. C2H6O C. C2H6O2 D. C2H6 Cu 21: t chy hon ton 0,6 gam hp cht hu c X ri cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy c 2 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng thm 1,24 gam. T khi ca X so vi H 2 bng 15. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H6O. B. CH2O. C. C2H4O. D. CH2O2. Cu 22: t 0,15 mol mt hp cht hu c thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Mt khc t 1 th tch hi cht cn 2,5 th tch O2. Cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca hp cht l A. C2H6O2. B. C2H6O. C. C2H4O2. D. C2H4O. Cu 23: Mt hp cht hu c Y khi t chy thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau v lng oxi cn dng bng 4 ln s mol ca Y. Cng thc phn t ca Y l: A. C2H6O. B. C4H8O. C. C3H6O. D. C3H6O2. 16
Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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Cu 24: t chy hon ton 1,88 gam hp cht hu c Z (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O vi t l mol tng ng l 4 : 3. Cng thc phn t ca Z l A. C4H6O2. B. C8H12O4. C. C4H6O3. D. C8H12O5. Cu 25: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt axit cacboxylic no 2 ln thu c 1,2 mol CO 2. Cng thc phn t ca axit l A. C6H14O4. B. C6H12O4. C. C6H10O4. D. C6H8O4. Cu 26: Phn tch 1,47 gam cht hu c Y (C, H, O) bng CuO th thu c 2,156 gam CO 2 v lng CuO gim 1,568 gam. Cng thc n gin ca Y l A. CH3O. B. CH2O. C. C2H3O. D. C2H3O2. Cu 27: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c n chc X thu c sn phm chy ch gm CO2 v H2O vi t l khi lng tng ng l 44 : 27. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C2H6. B. C2H6O. C. C2H6O2. D. C2H4O. Cu 28: Mt hp cht hu c Y khi t chy thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau v lng oxi cn dng bng 4 ln s mol ca Y. Cng thc phn t ca Y l: A. C2H6O. B. C4H8O. C. C3H6O. D. C3H6O2. Cu 29: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc X cn 8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. CTGN ca X l: A. C2H4O. B. C3H6O. C. C4H8O. D. C5H10O. Cu 30: t chy hon ton 1,88 gam hp cht hu c Z (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O vi t l mol tng ng l 4 : 3. Cng thc phn t ca Z l A. C4H6O2. B. C8H12O4. C. C4H6O3. D. C8H12O5. Cu 31: X la mt ancol no, mach h. t chay 0,05 mol X cn 4 gam oxi. X co cng thc l: A. C3H5(OH)3. B. C3H6(OH)2. C. C2H4(OH)2. D. C4H8(OH)2. Cu 32: t chy hon ton 3 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 4,4 gam CO 2 v 1,8 gam H2O. Bit t khi ca X so vi He (MHe = 4) l 7,5. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. CH2O2. B. C2H6. C. C2H4O. D. CH2O. Cu 33: Hp cht X c %C = 54,54% ; %H = 9,1%, cn li l oxi. Khi lng phn t ca X bng 88. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C4H10O. B. C5H12O. C. C4H10O2. D. C4H8O2. Cu 34: Mt hp cht hu c gm C, H, O ; trong cacbon chim 61,22% v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht l A. C3H6O2. B. C2H2O3. C. C5H6O2. D. C4H10O. Cu 35: t chy hon ton 0,6 gam hp cht hu c X ri cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy c 2 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng thm 1,24 gam. T khi ca X so vi H 2 bng 15. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H6O. B. CH2O. C. C2H4O. D. CH2O2. Cu 36: Khi t 1 lt kh X cn 6 lt O 2 thu c 4 lt CO2 v 5 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C4H10O. B. C4H8O2. C. C4H10O2. D. C3H8O. Cu 37: Mt hp cht hu c X c khi lng phn t l 26. em t X ch thu c CO 2 v H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H6. B. C2H4. C. C2H2. D. CH2O. Cu 38: Mt hp cht hu c A c M = 74. t chy A bng oxi thu c kh CO2 v H2O. C bao nhiu cng thc phn t ph hp vi A? A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. A.1. Cu 39: Mt hp cht hu c A c t khi so vi khng kh bng bng 2. t chy hon ton A bng kh O2 thu c CO2 v H2O. C bao nhiu cng thc phn t ph hp vi A ? A. 2. B. A. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 40: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt ancol mch h ba ln cha mt lin kt ba trong gc hirocacbon thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Cng thc phn t ca ancol l: A. C6H14O3. B. C6H12O3. C. C6H10O3. D. C6H8O3. Cu 41: t chay hoan toan mt th tich hi hp cht hu c A cn 10 th tich oxi (o cung iu kin nhit v p sut), san phm thu c chi gm CO2 va H2O vi mCO2 : mH2O = 44 : 9. Bit MA < 150. A co cng thc phn t la A. C4H6O. B. C8H8O. C. C8H8. D. C2H2.
Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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Cu 42: t 0,15 mol mt hp cht hu c thu c 6,72 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Mt khc t 1 th tch hi cht cn 2,5 th tch O2. Cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht l: A. C2H6O2. B. C2H6O. C. C2H4O2. D. C2H4O. Cu 43: t chy 200 ml hi mt hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O trong 900 ml O2, th tch hn hp kh thu c l 1,3 lt. Sau khi ngng t hi nc ch cn 700 ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH d ch cn 100 ml kh bay ra. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Cng thc phn t ca Y l A. C3H6O. B. C3H8O2. C. C3H8O. D. C3H6O2. Cu 44: t chay hoan toan mt th tich hi hp cht hu c A cn 10 th tich oxi (o cung iu kin nhit v p sut), san phm thu c chi gm CO2 va H2O vi mCO2 : mH2O = 44 : 9. Bit MA < 150. A co cng thc phn t la A. C4H6O. B. C8H8O. C. C8H8. D. C2H2. Cu 45: Trong mt binh kin cha hi este no n chc h A va mt lng O2 gp i lng O2 cn thit t chay ht A nhit 140oC va ap sut 0,8 atm. t chay hoan toan A ri a v nhit ban u, ap sut trong binh luc nay la 0,95 atm. Cht A co cng thc phn t la: A. C2H4O2. B. C3H6O2. C. C4H8O2. D. C5H10O2. Cu 46: t chy 200 ml hi mt hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O trong 900 ml O2, th tch hn hp kh thu c l 1,3 lt. Sau khi ngng t hi nc ch cn 700 ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH d ch cn 100 ml kh bay ra. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Cng thc phn t ca Y l A. C3H6O. B. C3H8O2. C. C3H8O. D. C3H6O2. Cu 47: Trong mt binh kin cha hi este no n chc h A va mt lng O2 gp i lng O2 cn thit t chay ht A nhit 140oC va ap sut 0,8 atm. t chay hoan toan A ri a v nhit ban u, ap sut trong binh luc nay la 0,95 atm. Cht A co cng thc phn t la A. C2H4O2. B. C3H6O2. C. C4H8O2. D. C5H10O2. (3) Hp cht c cha C, H, N Cu 1: t hon ton m gam cht X (C,H,N) cn dng 14 lit O 2 (ktc). Sn phm chy cho li chm qua nc vi trong d thy c 40g kt ta v 1120 ml kh khng b hp th. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H9N B. C2H7N C. C4H11N D. C3H7N Cu 2: t chy hon ton hai amin n chc mch h, ng ng lin tip ca nhau v c cng s mol, thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol l 1:2. Hai amin l: A. CH3NH2 v C2H5NH2 B. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2 C. C2H5NH2 v C3H7NH2 D. C4H9NH2 v C5H11NH2 Cu 3: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 16,80 lt kh CO 2 ; 2,80 lt N2 (cc th tch o ktc) v 20,25 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C4H9N. B. C3H7N. C. C2H7N. D. C3H9N. Cu 4: t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,62 gam CO2 ; 1,215 gam H2O v 168 ml N2 (ktc). T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh khng vt qu 4. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C5H5N. B. C6H9N. C. C7H9N. D. C6H7N. Cu 5: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 16,80 lt kh CO 2 ; 2,80 lt N2 (cc th tch o ktc) v 20,25 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C4H9N. B. C3H7N. C. C2H7N. D. C3H9N. Cu 6: t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,62 gam CO2 ; 1,215 gam H2O v 168 ml N2 (ktc). T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh khng vt qu 4. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. C5H5N. B. C6H9N. C. C7H9N. D. C6H7N. Cu 7: t chy hon ton m gam mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 gam CO2, 12,6 gam H2O v 69,44 lt N2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch gm N2 v O2 trong oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh. X c cng thc l: A. C2H5NH2. B. C3H7NH2. C. CH3NH2. D. C4H9NH2 Cu 8: t chy hon ton m gam mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 gam CO2, 12,6 gam H2O v 69,44 lt N2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch gm N2 v O2 trong oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh. X c cng thc l: A. C2H5NH2. B. C3H7NH2. C. CH3NH2. D. C4H9NH2. Cu 9: Phn tch 0,31gam hp cht hu c X ch cha C, H, N to thnh 0,44 gam CO 2. Mt khc, nu phn tch 0,31 gam X ton b N trong X chuyn thnh NH 3 ri dn NH3 va to thnh vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,4M th phn axit d c trung ha bi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1,4M. Bit 1 lt hi cht X (ktc) nng 1,38 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l 18
Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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A. CH5N. B. C2H5N2. C. C2H5N. D. CH6N. Cu 10: t chy hon ton 1,18 gam cht Y (CxHyN) bng mt lng khng kh va . Dn ton b hn hp kh sau phn ng vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 6 gam kt ta v c 9,632 lt kh (ktc) duy nht thot ra khi bnh. Bit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit v th tch. Cng thc phn t ca Y l A. C2H7N. B. C3H9N. C. C4H11N. D. C4H9N. Cu 11: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X (C, H, N) bng lng khng kh va (gm 1/5 th tch O2, cn li l N2) c kh CO2 , H2O v N2. Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy c 39,4 gam kt ta, khi lng dung dch gim i 24,3 gam. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 34,72 lt (ktc). Bit

dX O

< 2. Cng thc phn t ca X l:

A. C2H7N. B. C2H8N. C. C2H7N2. D. C2H4N2. Cu 12: Phn tch 0,31gam hp cht hu c X ch cha C, H, N to thnh 0,44 gam CO 2. Mt khc, nu phn tch 0,31 gam X ton b N trong X chuyn thnh NH 3 ri dn NH3 va to thnh vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,4M th phn axit d c trung ha bi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1,4M. Bit 1 lt hi cht X (ktc) nng 1,38 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. CH5N. B. C2H5N2. C. C2H5N. D. CH6N. Cu 13: t chy 0,282 gam hp cht hu c X, cho sn phm i qua cc bnh ng CaCl 2 khan v KOH d. Thy bnh ng CaCl2 tng thm 0,194 gam cn bnh ng KOH tng thm 0,8 gam. Mt khc nu t chy 0,186 gam cht X th thu c 22,4 ml kh N 2 ( ktc). Bit rng hp cht X ch cha mt nguyn t nit. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht X l A. C6H6N2. B. C6H7N. C. C6H9N. D. C5H7N. (4) Hp cht c cha C, H, O, N, Cl, Cu 1: t hon ton 0,1mol hp cht hu c X cn 7,84 lit O 2 thu c 5,6 lit CO2, 4,5g H2O v 5,3g Na2CO3. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H5ONa B. C3H2O4Na2 C. C3H5O2Na D. C3H7ONa Cu 2: Oxi ha hon ton 4,02 gam mt hp cht hu c X ch thu c 3,18 gam Na 2CO3 v 0,672 lt kh CO2. Cng thc n gin ca X l A. CO2Na. B. CO2Na2. C. C3O2Na. D. C2O2Na. Cu 3: t hon ton 5,8g hp cht hu c X cho 2,65g Na 2CO3 ; 2,25g H2O v 12,1g CO2. Bit X ch c mt nguyn t oxi. Cht X c cng thc no sau y A. C6H5ONa B. C2H5ONa C. C6H5CH2ONa D. C6H5COONa Cu 4: Phn tch 1,5 gam cht hu c X thu c 1,76 gam CO 2 ; 0,9 gam H2O v 112 ml N2 o 0oC v 2 atm. Nu ha hi cng 1,5 gam cht Z 127 o C v 1,64 atm ngi ta thu c 0,4 lt kh cht Z. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5ON. B. C6H5ON2. C. C2H5O2N. D. C2H6O2N. Cu 5: t chy hon ton 5,80 gam cht X thu c 2,65 gam Na 2CO3 ; 2,26 gam H2O v 12,10 gam CO2. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C6H5O2Na. B. C6H5ONa. C. C7H7O2Na. D. C7H7ONa. Cu 6: t chy hon ton 5,80 gam cht X thu c 2,65 gam Na 2CO3 ; 2,26 gam H2O v 12,10 gam CO2. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C6H5O2Na. B. C6H5ONa. C. C7H7O2Na. D. C7H7ONa. Cu 7: Oxi ha hon ton 4,02 gam mt hp cht hu c X ch thu c 3,18 gam Na 2CO3 v 0,672 lt kh CO2. Cng thc n gin ca X l A. CO2Na. B. CO2Na2. C. C3O2Na. D. C2O2Na. Cu 8: Phn tch hp cht hu c X thy c 3 phn khi lng cacbon li c 1 phn khi lng hiro, 7 phn khi lng nit v 8 phn lu hunh. Trong Cng thc phn t ca X ch c 1 nguyn t S. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. CH4NS. B. C2H2N2S. C. C2H6NS. D. CH4N2S. Cu 9: Cht hu c X c M = 123 v khi lng C, H, O v N trong phn t theo th t t l vi 72 : 5 : 32 : 14. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C6H14O2N. B. C6H6ON2. C. C6H12ON. D. C6H5O2N. Cu 10: Phn tch 1,5 gam cht hu c X thu c 1,76 gam CO2 ; 0,9 gam H2O v 112 ml N2 o 0oC v 2 atm. Nu ha hi cng 1,5 gam cht X 127o C v 1,64 atm ngi ta thu c 0,4 lt kh cht X. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5ON. B. C6H5ON2. C. C2H5O2N. D. C2H6O2N.
Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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Cu 11: t chy hon ton hp cht hu c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 gam CO2, 0,09 gam H2O. Mt khc khi xc nh clo trong hp cht bng dung dch AgNO 3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 gam AgCl. T khi hi ca hp cht so vi hiro bng 42,5. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht l A. CH3Cl. B. C2H5Cl. C. CH2Cl2. D. C2H4Cl2. Cu 12: t chy hon ton 0,4524 gam hp cht A sinh ra 0,3318 gam CO2 v 0,2714 gam H2O. un nng 0,3682 gam cht A vi vi ti xt chuyn tt c nit trong A thnh amoniac, ri dn kh NH 3 vo 20 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5 M. trung ho axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3 cn dng 7,7 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Bit MA= 60. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. CH4ON2. B. C2H7N. C. C3H9N. D. CH4ON. Cu 13: t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c X mch h cn dng 10,08 lt kh O2 (ktc). Dn ton b sn phm chy (gm CO2, H2O v N2) qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d, thy khi lng bnh tng 23,4 gam v c 70,92 gam kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5O2N. B. C3H5O2N. C. C3H7O2N. D. C2H7O2N. Cu 14: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X cn 6,16 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi ngng t ht hi nc, cn li 5,6 lt kh (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro l 20,4. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H7O2N. B. C3H7O2N. C. C3H9O2N. D. C4H9N. Cu 15: t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c X mch h cn dng 10,08 lt kh O2 (ktc). Dn ton b sn phm chy (gm CO2, H2O v N2) qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d, thy khi lng bnh tng 23,4 gam v c 70,92 gam kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C2H5O2N. B. C3H5O2N. C. C3H7O2N. D. C2H7O2N. Cu 16: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X cn 6,16 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi ngng t ht hi nc, cn li 5,6 lt kh (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro l 20,4. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H7O2N. B. C3H7O2N. C. C3H9O2N. D. C4H9N. Cu 17: t chy hon ton hp cht hu c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 gam CO2, 0,09 gam H2O. Mt khc khi xc nh clo trong hp cht bng dung dch AgNO 3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 gam AgCl. T khi hi ca hp cht so vi hiro bng 42,5. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht l: A. CH3Cl. B. C2H5Cl. C. CH2Cl2. D. C2H4Cl2. Cu 18: t chy hon ton 0,4524 gam hp cht A sinh ra 0,3318 gam CO2 v 0,2714 gam H2O. un nng 0,3682 gam cht A vi vi ti xt chuyn tt c nit trong A thnh amoniac, ri dn kh NH 3 vo 20 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5 M. trung ho axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3 cn dng 7,7 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Bit MA= 60. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. CH4ON2. B. C2H7N. C. C3H9N. D. CH4ON. Cu 19: t chy hon ton 0,01 mol cht hu c X cn va 0,616 lt O2. Sau th nghim thu c hn hp sn phm Y gm : CO2, N2 v hi H2O. Lm lnh ngng t hi H2O ch cn 0,56 lt hn hp kh Z (c t khi hi vi H2 l 20,4). Bit th tch cc kh u o (ktc). Cng thc phn t X l A. C2H5ON. B. C2H5O2N. C. C2H7O2N hoc C2H5O2N. D. C2H5ON hoc C2H7O2N. Dng 5. Vn dng cc quy tc phn ng th, cng v tch Cu 1: Trong phn t hp cht c tn 3-etyl-2,2,4-trimetyl hexan s nguyn t cacbon bc I, II, III, IV ln lt l A. 6, 2, 2, 1 B. 5, 3, 2, 1 C. 6, 1, 2, 1 D. 5, 2, 3, 1 Cu 2: Xc nh sn phm chnh ca phn ng sau: CH3 CH2 CH CH3 + Cl2 CH3 A. CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH2Cl B. CH2Cl CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 C. CH3 CCl(CH3) CH2 CH3 D. CH3 CH(CH2Cl) CH2 CH3 Cu 3: Propen tham gia phn ng cng vi HCl s cho sn phm chnh l: A. 1- clopropen B. 1- clopropan C. 2- clopropen D. 2- clopropan Cu 4: Cho 3, 3 imetylbut 1 en tc dng vi HBr. Sn phm ca phn ng l:
Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

as, t l 1:1

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A. 1 brom 3,3 imetylbutan B. 2 brom 3,3 imetylbutan C. 3 brom 3,3 imetylbutan D. 1,2 ibrom 3,3 imetylbutan Cu 5: hirat ho 3 metylbutan 2 ol (nhm -OH) thu c s anken l: A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 2 Cu 6: Sn phm chnh khi tch H2O ca (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 l: A. 2 - Metyl But - 1 - en B. 3 - Metyl But - 1 - en C. 2 - Metyl But - 2 - en B. 3 - Metyl But - 2 - en Cu 7: Cho cc ancol: (1) CH3CH2CH2OH; (2) CH3CH(OH)CH3 (3) CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3 (4) CH3CH(OH)C(CH3)3 Cc ancol no tch nc ch cho 1 anken duy nht l A. (2)(3)(4) B. (1)(2)(3) C. (1)(2)(4) D. (1)(2)(3)(4) Cu 8: Cht 2 metylbut 2 en c iu ch bng cch tch hiroclorua (khi c mt KOH/t 0 v ru) ca dn sut clo: A. 2 clopentan B. 1 clo 3 metylbutan C. 1 clo 2 metylbutan D. 2 clo 2 metylbutan

Trn Quc on - Chng 1. S in li pH dung dch

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