BI HO HIDROCACBON 7 CCH GII

L Thanh Phong
Lp Ha 2010A - HSP Hu
Hin nay mn Ho trong trng ph thng c rt nhiu phng php gii hay nhanh. Nhiu bi Ho
kinh in c trnh lng nh b i ca thy Sao bng lnh gi ( V Khc Ngc ).... Bi vit ny hy
vng c gp mt phn nh trong s pht trin ca mn Ho trong trng ph thng.. y cng l bi
vit u tay ca mnh , rt mong nhn c s ng h , ng gp kin ca qu bn c , thy c v
nhng ai yu Ho..
Bi ton : Cho hn hp A gm anken X v H2 qua Ni ung nng , thu c hn hp B gm 2 kh. Bit
B khng lm mt mu dung dch Brom. T khi ca A v B so vi H2 ln lt l 6 v 8 . Xc nh CTPT
ca X v thnh phn phn trm th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp A..
S phn ng :
CnH2n
( x mol )
H2
( y mol )
--------------------MA= 6.2= 12

CnH2n+2
Ni,to

( x mol )
H2 d

B khng lm mt mu Brom .
B l hn hp ca ankan v H2 d
Anken X phn ng ht

( y-x mol )
--------------------MB= 8.2= 16

CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2
x mol x
x mol
Cch 1 : Bo ton khi lng + Khi lng mol trung bnh :
mA= mB 6.2 ( x + y ) = 8.2 ( x+y - x ) 6 ( x + y ) = 8y y = 3x
14nx + 2 y
= 12 14nx = 12x + 10y = 42x 14n = 42 n = 3
x+ y
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )
MA =

Hoc :
(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
MB =
=
= 16 14nx = 14y = 42x 14n= 42 n = 3
x+ yx
x
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Cch 2 : Khi lng mol trung bnh :
14nx + 2 y
MA =
= 12 14nx + 2y = 12x + 12y 14nx = 12x + 10y ( 1 )
x+ y
(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
MB =
=
= 16 14nx = 14y ( 2 )
x+ yx
x
Gii ( 1 ) & ( 2 ) 12x + 10y = 14y y = 3x.
Thay y = 3x vo ( 2 ) ta c n = 3. CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )
-1-

Cch 3 : Hiu 2 t khi + Khi lng mol trung bnh + Bo ton khi lng :
mB
mA
1
1
)=4
dB/H2 - dA/H2 = 2 1/2 ( MA - MB ) = 2
= 4 (14nx + 2 y )(
nB
nA
y x+ y
x
14nx + 2 y x
x
x 1
. = 4 12. = 4
=
(14nx + 2 y )
y = 3x.
=4
y( x + y)
y( x + y) y
y
y 3
14nx + 2 y
MA =
= 12 14nx = 12x + 10y = 42x 14n = 42 n = 3
x+ y
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )
Hoc :
(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
MB =
=
= 16 14nx = 14y = 42x 14n= 42 n = 3
x+ yx
x
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
( Ngoi ra bn cng c th tm ra y = 3x vi phng php tng 2 t khi bng cch tng t )...
Cch 4 : Hiu 2 t khi + Bo ton khi lng + S ng cho :
mB
mA
1
1
)=4
dB/H2 - dA/H2 = 2 1/2 ( MA - MB ) = 2
= 4 (14nx + 2 y )(
nB
nA
y x+ y
x
14nx + 2 y x
x
x 1
. = 4 12. = 4
=
(14nx + 2 y )
y = 3x.
=4
y( x + y)
y( x + y) y
y
y 3
S ng cho :
CnH2n 14n
10
nCn H 2 n
10
x 1
=
= =
n=3
nH 2
14n 12 y 3
MA = 12
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )
H2
2
14n - 12

Hoc :
CnH2n+2

14n + 2

14

nCn H 2 n + 2

14n - 14

nH 2
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

MB = 16
H2

14
x
1
=
= n=3
14n 14 y x 2

Cch 5 : Bo ton khi lng + S ng cho :

mA= mB 6.2 ( x + y ) = 8.2 ( x+y - x ) 6 ( x + y ) = 8y y = 3x
S ng cho :
CnH2n 14n

10

nCn H 2 n

14n - 12

nH 2
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

MA = 12
H2

-2-

10
x 1
= =
n=3
14n 12 y 3

Hoc :
CnH2n+2 14n + 2

14

nCn H 2 n + 2

14n - 14

nH 2
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

MB = 16
H2

14
x
1
=
= n=3
14n 14 y x 2

Cch 6 : Khi lng mol trung bnh + S ng cho :

Bn c th chn 1 trong 2 cch nh sau :

MA =

14nx + 2 y
(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
= 12 14nx + 2y = 12x + 12y MB =
=
= 16
x+ y
x+ yx
x
14nx = 14y ( 3 )
14nx = 12x + 10y ( 1 )

S ng cho :
CnH2n+2 14n + 2

S ng cho :
CnH2n 14n

14
MB = 16

H2

2
nCn H 2 n + 2

10

MA = 12
14n - 14

H2

2
nCn H 2 n

14n - 12

14
x
=
(2)
nH 2
14n 14 y x
( 1 ) & ( 2 ) 14nx = 12x + 10y = 14y y = 3x
n = 3.
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

10
x
= (4)
nH 2
14n 12 y
( 3 ) & ( 4 ) 14y = 12x + 10y y = 3x
n = 3.
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

Cch 7 : S ng cho ( qu tuyt ) :

CnH2n 14n
10

nCn H 2 n

nH 2

MA = 12
H2

14

nCn H 2 n + 2
nH 2

MB = 16
2

10
x
=
(1)
14n 12 y

14n - 12

CnH2n+2 14n + 2

H2

14n - 14

14
x
=
(2)
14n 14 y x

14n 14 14n 12
=
1 n = 3
14
10
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )
( 1) & ( 2 )

-3-

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