Autocad Cho Tu Dong Hoa

TS.
NGUVN VAN HIEN

AUTOCAD
CHO TU OONG HOA THIET KE

Sach dung cM sinh vien cac trllilng kY thu(lt
(Tai bdn ldn flut hai)
AUTODESK
NHA XUAT BAN GlAo Dl,IC
..
N gay nay khoa h9C kj thutjt phat triln rat nhanh chong, doi hoi m6i thanh vien
trang xii phdi thudng xuyin njp nht)t kiin thuc mCri, c6ng ngh? mCri. Tin h9C dang
dUf1c ung dlfng riii va co qud cao trong cae linh vc cua dlii s6ng, trong
khoa hqe kj thutjt va quan [y, kinh doanh.
Trang tl! dqng hoa thiet_ ke'va dilu khie"n san xuat, -tin hqc cung dang dU{1c
ling dlfng nhie'u. Phon mbn AutoCAD cua hang Autodesk dang dU{1c sri dlfng ngay
cang r{ii, diJc trong thilt kl cac ban vi' kiln true, xdy d1fng, ve ca khi,
tu, hdng kh6ng, bdn dd, sa d6 v.v ...
6 Vi4t Nam nhie'u lfnh VIfC san xmit, khoa hqc ky thUtjt va doi sling dang doi hoi
cac ky thutjt vien sri dl!ng ttIt phon me'm AutoCAD trong cong vi?c cua minh.
CU6'n sach nay t{lO dieu cho b{ln dflc khai thac AutoCAD mt)t each de dang,
co phucmg phap. No dUf/e duc kit III nhilng niim giang dflY cho sinh vien cac truang ky
thutjt va cae ca quan thilt T iii liu LO 3 phon:
- Phon mt)t: tll chucmg 1 den chuang 8, trinh bay cach ltjp ban vi' phJng (2D);
- {'han hai: tll chuang 9 den chucmg 12, trinh bay cach t{lO ban vi'm6 hlnh kh6ng
gian (3D); each xudt ban vi'ma hl'nh sang phdn mem khac va ra giay; ngoai ra
huimg dan blJn dflC each tflo hinh anh dqng.
- Phon ba: huimg dan thlfC hanh cac bai ttjp t6ng hqp dl b{ln dqe tlf hqc each
de dang.
Cuan sach nay nhu giao trinh rna Cae b{ln t6 thl dung dl II! h'lc va tham khao
ling dl:'ng rat thutjn / trong thiet kl cae /Jan ve.
Tuy nhien do trinh dq co hlJn, sach edn co thie" 501. mong b{ln dqc dong gop y
kUn. Thu gop y xin gw ve dia chi: Nhd ':coo, ban diao dlf.c - 81 Tran HUng D{lO - HiJ
Nri. HOfle theo di?n tho{li cua tac gid : 8693418.
TACGIA
3
CHUONG J
? -' ....
MO DAU VE AUTOCAD
1.1. GIOI THIU AUTOCAD
Trang ky 90, vic khai thac tmio ia van hang driu nang cao nang sufit,
qu{'\ cang vic (1 c;ic dan V! kinh te, ky Mt trang nhung l"inh VL!C (juan tn;mg eua
Tin h9c Ii! ky thu(11 do hQ<l Iren may tfnh ullg dl,mg trong de 110h VL!C khoa hQc ky
hit III b'lil vc 'hie! ke). Co ohieu thong chuang Irinh da duqc xtlY d'!I1g eho tl! dng haa
thiet ke. Nam 19X5 c6 cUQc Irico Jam "Ky thu(11 may tfoh eha thiet ke xay dL!ng" t .... i thanh
ph6 Chicago da gioi thiu ohieu h thong phi'in mem eho thiel ke Irq giup bang may tfnh
kha mo.toh. VI dl,lllhu:
- H thong SAP (Structural Analysis Programs) cua My, de C(lp den phuong phap philo
lu hilu h . 1n va ky kct cau trang nganh x[ty dl,Ing.
- H CHARVITE ella hang Le Mousieur Consultant eua Phap M thiet ke, tfnh toan va
ve de mai khung nhiL Di).e h nay co "dQe" ban ve.
- H SSCAD eua hang Space Structure Internation Corporation cua My de tfnh tmin,
thiet ke va II! dng hoa ehuydn IU giai do""n thiet ke den dieu khien cac thiet bi che t<,to
(CAD/CAM).
- HG AUSTIN (Automated Structural Design lntergrated System) cua NhQ.t dung de thiet
kc eho 100 tdng.
- H BUILDS (Building Design System) eua NamTrieu dung de t1nh toan ket c:iu
thep, be-tong, nen mong va, tfrih,kh6i luqng. gla thanh, 've ban ve.
- MICROFEAP cola lMiLan dung trohg thit ktt cau dam. "im.
- phan CADKEY eua hang CADKey vll h AutoCAD eua hang AutoDesk elLa
My duqe su dl,lng rAt n)ng rai gi6LNhung h AutoCAD Iii. hang dang dan dau
th6ng thiet ke trq gi6p bang rnaY tlnh. No Ia phan mem rii'l m<,tnh, cung cfip cac IGnh M
t<;lo ban ve chinh xae, nhanh eh6ng va sua dOi dugc ngay. AutoCAD con cho pticp
nguoi thiet k d!ch ehuyen, sao ehep, tay x6a. lhu phong va sap cae d6i tuqng ve. No
co the xufft ban ve ra gifiy qua lTI"l.y ve (Piotter) hay may in (Printer) bang d.e C[1lI
dan gUm. D[ly In. h thong ma cho phep nguoi' su dl:mg 11,1' 1<;'.0 them cae tiGn feh. cae ung dl;lng
rieng va giao tiep vai cae phan mem khac. Cho nen kha nang (mg dl;lng ella AutoCAD la rat
rng rai.
C6ng thiet kc va gia eong duqe trq giup eua may tfnh (CAD_Computer Aided
Design. CAM_Computer Aided Manufacturing) dang duqe sir dl,lng trong cae I1nh
5
vt!-c ley va trong silO xuilt. No thvc sv thay d6i chilt trong cOng tac thii!t ki!, gia cOng
va mang nang sua"t lao dng cao h<1I1, chilt lUQIlg t6t h<1I1 .
AutoCAD thuOng duqc ling trong cac finh V1!c sau: ve kien trUc, xay dvng, ve ky
ca khi, -din tir, O-t6, khOng, ve ban d6, thitt kt studio nha hat, quay phim, ve cae
trang ,tri, thiep mai v. v ...
AutoCAD dii duqc cUu u) nhiing nam 80, wi nam 1987 phitn ban 10
(Release 10) eq ban daqc hoan thin. Cho toi nay dii co ban 12, 13, 14 duqc ph6 bii!n
khfip the giOi. 0 Vit Nam AutoCAD cGng dang duqc Urig d\1ng trong finh V1!c; nhu
du sii d\;lng AutoCAD dang tra thanh ca"p thiet d6i voi nhieu ngam.
1.2. MO DAU vt AUTOCAD
1.2.1. So db quan ngulri . may trong to d(lng bOa YO thiet ke
I
nhim Vt;I thiet ke
I
J
I
ngum thiet ke
I
J
I giao ngum - may (inteface)
+
- philn om!m th6ng
- ph:in mem chuyen d\mg

ca sa d6 hQa
MAYTiNH
W. dii'
,
ket qua
1.2.2. Yeu du thit bi de' AutoCAD
.. May tinh (Computer)
- vi!! (Plotter)
- may in (Printer)
VaiAutoCAD release 12 (viet tfit laACAD12) doi hoi may I01,li IBM tuang thich,
co b nho RAM t6i thieu 4MB, nhmg thea cau la phai 8MB, d6ng thai may phai co
d6ng xii ly toan thl!C sv Co-processor 8087. Cho co the dung may AT 386 dllqc cai
Co-processor 8087. may AT486. AT586 thi t6t han.
V"i ACADl4. may can t6i thi.!" 8MB RAM. may AT586 va chay trong WINDOWS-95
hay WINOOWS-NT4.x.
.. Man hinh
V 6i ACAD 12 nen dung card man hlnh c6 b nho 1 MB tra Jen, c6 dung 2 man
hinh: mt man hinh Graphics va mQt man hlnh lext.
6
Dill dIng
ACADI2 can may co 6 cling. Vai ACADI2 <Ii. cling can t6i thitu 20MB b(> nha, nhtmg
thea cilu phai la 50MB. Ngoai ra xit 15' thea ch dQ b" nha ao (Virtual ',Memory)
cho doi hoi dung h.tQ'Og dia tr6ng cang cang t6t.
6 tfia mem: dn co 6 dia mem dQ cao.
Thilt b! vao: chUQt (mouse) b!lO tit (Tablet).
* dieu hanh: dieu hanh PC_DOS, MSJ)OS (Version 3.3 mai hem).
Thill bi xuat ban vi'ra: co thi dung may ve (Plotter) may iu (Printer).
1.2.3. Giao AutoCAD
a. KhOi diing AU/DeAD
co 2 cach d6 khiri AutoCAD :
1- Khffi dQng bang file acad.exe: Gia sit AutoCAD duqc cai vao 6 ctffig C: vai
thu m\lc la ACAD, hay go tu ban phim 4i dau nhac cua DOS:
C:\> CD ACAD ',J <vao thu ACAD>
C:\ ACAD > acad,J file .cad.exe>
2- KhiJi dOng bang file (Batch file) c6 duOi .BAT; VI .el2.b.t; chi
go "ac12" defu nhAc h th6ng:
C:\> acll ,J
Chu y: Khi b<).n dii t!).o Batch file dlchl,lY ACAD. thi ACAD dn khbi d{)ng bang ten Batch file d6.
Dtra; day la VI dung file b.tch viri ten "ACI2.BAT' de khai
ACADI2:
SET ACAD=C:'ACA1JI.SUPPORT;C:\ACAD\ FONTS;C:'ACAIJ\ADS
SET ACADCF(M;:\ACAD
SET ACADDRV=C:\ACAJN)RV
C:\ACAD\ACAD.EXE 1 % 2%
SET ACA[):=
SET ACADCFG=
SET ACADDRV::::
DOng thu 1,2, 3 cac bien mOi troang cho AutoCAD. DOng thtl 5,6,7 de x6.
cae bien.mOi truUng da cM sau khi thoat khbi AutoCAD.
b. Man hinh Au/oCAD'
D6i vOl ACADI2 man hloh la man blnh graphics, xem hlob I-I.
Man hlnh do h9' AutoCAD bao g6m cac pMn s.u day:
1 Viing dol h<)a (Graphics area)
2 - Dong (Command line): 11\ no'i lnh' va hin cae nhAc nha. No nam a dum
day man hlnh. .
3 - Dong th.U (Status line): lJ tr!n diJ;ih man hlnh. N6 thOng bao tn:mg thai
thai cua ban ve. Vi dl,l lap thai
l
cac mode xac dinh t93 dQ con tro (Cross hair).
4 UCS icon: H\ bieu tuqng v6cta th6ng t(;la N6 a g6c duai - trni cua man
hlnh.
S -,Screen Menu: nam ben ph3i hlnh, vao bang con chuQt (Mouse)
bang bang tu (Tablet). Mu6n g9i lnh. dua con tro chut t6'i kich sang
cin ch9n va bam phim tnii chut (pick button, hlnh 1-2), in Enter.
7
utllitles loaded
Hlnh I-I: MrmhlnhACADl2.
CUsor menu button 6 - Pull-Down Menu
Pick bullon
I'
I I
Ilnh 1-2.
L
Enter button
V"
UI thl!e dcm trilj xu6ng va cae hl)p tho<;li, Khi b""n
dua con tro chul)t len dong tr'.lng thai (status line), man
hlnh ra dong Menu Bar, bt),Jl chc,m m(lt menu se
ra bllllg menu Inii xu6ng (hlnh 1,-3), Tll menu lraJ
xu6ng b""n chon Jnh bfmg each di con tro chu,,' kfch
sang ten lnh va btlm phfm trili chu(lt (Pick button) ho.)e
5n Enter.
- don con lro (cursor menu)
D6i vai chul)t 3 mit bam, b5m nut gina rin
Shifl+nut phai) se hin ra h"p cursor menu.
c. each )'lio di A lIloeAD IJ",lc
Khi b duai day mall hlnh ra lai nhAc "Command:" tlre la AutoCAD dang san sang
tip It;nh ella b<;lll dua ra. B<,ln c6 the V30 bfing 2 each sau day:
I - Vao tu ban phim: bf,m go ten lnh tll ban phfm sau d6 an Enter
Space-bar de AutoCAD thlfc
2 - Vilo tit Menu: bq.n dung chuQt lh.blet chi cho AutoCAD bit bf,m mu6n
ve b duu va vc di gl. oci Hl.In dieu d6 bq.n hay chuyen con tro laj Screen Menu fJ ben phai
hlnh, di con Iro kich sang va bt\"m phfm Imi chu(ll (Pick). 8q.n cung c6 the dua con
tro tai dong menu-bar b tren dinh man hlnh, kich sang m"t menu b'.ln mu6n, nhay phfm
Pick ehu", sc hin ra Pull-Down Menu de bq.1l chqn Jnh.
Neu dung phfm ehu", thu 3 (gifra) ella ehu(lt A'n Shifl+phfm phai ChUQI, AutoCAD
se dua ra Ihlfc dcm con Iro (Cursor menu) de b'.ln gQi OSNAP (xem chucmg 2,
li12-12).
8
Donut
Ellipse
Polygon
Rectangle
Insert ...
3D Surfaces
Hatch ...
Text
Dimensions
Hlnh 13: Pull-Down Menu ellll ACADI2.
B<,ln c6 mQt vtra Si'l each an phlm chuQt ben phai Enter,
Space-bar.
d. Sil' d(lflg cac ky t(t lUlu khid'n, cac phim chrlc nang, go tilt lnh
Ngoai cae phfm Enter, Space/wr hay phfm chuQt, cae eh{rc nang dieu khi6n con g6m 2
phfm: Ctrl+ mQt phim khac.
Ctrl + C : M huy bo 1
Ctrl + G = F7 : M ch di) l .. oi (GRID);
Ctrl + 0 ::: F8 : eh d ve dung/nam ngang (Orlho mode);
Ctrl + B = F9 : M b,H/'," ch d6 lao l .. oi (SNAP);
Ctrl + 0 ::: Fl : Itl man hlnh Text sang mim hlnh Graphics va nguqe If,li;
F6 : hin tQa do di6m con Iro dt'mg.
* Cac lnh co the' go tat
A::: lnh are
C :::: Circle
E :::: Erase
L:::: Line
LA:::: Layer
e. Cach vdo dii: lieu
M::: Move
P:::: Pan
PL:::: PLine
R::: Redraw
Z:::: Zoom
SU dl;lng h don vj do chieu dai va do g6e deu cho a dl..mg phan. Trj s6 dua tir ban
phfm vao Ht s6 nguyen hay s6 c6 mang dtlu cham ph1)n. G6c co g6c 0 huang sang phili
va ehieu tang ella g6e theo chieu nguqc veti chicu quay kim dOng hO.
C6 vao dO' liu til ball phim, vao phfm ehuQI, tablet va eae phlm djeh chuytn
sqi t6c (Cross hair).
9
Ctfc 41lm
+ GO dQ d6i ella diem
+ GO vllQ tQa dQ hrrmg d6i ella diem
+ DUng -phim chul)t, tablet chi diem
+ DUng phim di chuyen phim
+ Diing Object snap (bilt d6i tuqng) neo con tro vai d6i tuqng dii ve. Duai day trlnh
bay cae each cho diem hang t<;>a d thuang dung trong thi't k:
T(}a dl) d61
T<;>a d d6i til 56 thl!c ella cae t<;>a d x,Y,z so gae o. co the bb qua tq
s6 z, hie c1y AutoCAD them van gia tri z bang tQa d hin thai
Vi : 3, 12.5 (x=3, y=12,5)
T(}a dt) tuong d(j'i
TQa d wang d6i Hl tQa d so vOi diem dii chi d!nh truuc do. De cho tQa d tlIang d6i
phai them dau @ (At-sign) phfa tnlOc tQa d:
@X2,Y-2 so vai diem trl16c do (Xl,Yl) lam goc.
Vi d1,l: 010 P2: @S.S, -to, diem chi tnIac dola Pl(lOO, 50), lhi tQa dQ luang
d6i do llIang dUo'I1g vai tQa d d6i la (105.5, 40).
TiJa dt) clfC tuang dOl
TQa d C,!C dlIqc cho biing ban kinh p va g6c quay <po TQa dl) c,!c tlIang d6i dlIqc cho
nhlI sau: @ p < <p
Vi d1,l: @ 10< 30.5, nghia la p=lO, goc hlICmg c.p=30030''so voi vira chi
lrU6c do.
T!Ja dt) vi d1,l cho 8<45, 20 nghia ta p=8, c.p=45 va z=20.
TfJa til! cci'u,: vi d1,l cho 8<'45<30 nghia ia p=8, <p=45 va goc so voi phfuJg (x,y)
11130 .

co 2 th6ng toa wes (World Coordinate System) 10 toa tM gi&i bay
toa chuiln; h thu hai lit ues (Usre Coordinate System) lit tQa ngum dung "10 ra.
+ Hf t9a dr) the' gim WCS: la h tQa dt) chmin c6 dinh. Do 1;\ h tQa dl) thang
g6c, trong d6 tfl:lc 'X nam ngang, trI,lc y thang dUng so v(ri man hinh, con m,.c z vuOng
goc voi x,y. (xy) dlIqc gQi la mi).t ph1lng kic!n (Constuction Plane), xem
hlnh 1-4.
y
Y(jt pha,q kien tQo
Hlob 1-4
Mloh 1-5
10
+ f(j(j d IIg/(oi dllllg UCS :
H nay do b,!-n tl! t'!-o va co the a bal ky vj 11'1 nao b<;ln mu6n. No giup ve die d6i
tlCQl1g 3 ehi6u (3D) mqt each de. dang. S6 luqng cae UCS HI kh6ng hqn chc'. Cho nen tren
m6i elJa 3 chi6u bZ.1n mQt UCS rieng de dua v6 ve trong 2 chi6u (2D) mqt
deh dang. tQa d6 duqc djnh huang bang tltqng (Coordinate System Icon). Bl;In
hay xem vi hinh J -50 tren.
Chi cluj: xJ.c dinh huang dU'O'ng z, nglfoi ta dung LJuy I ttl: lay phi'li. Hay bim lay phai 0 vi
tri sao cha ng6n cUi dqc theo chieu du'ang tryc x, ng6n Iro d<;IC chi6u dU'O'llg y, va ng6n giiJa vuOng g6c
v6i ng6n cui va ng6n \fa sc chi lmOng dU'O'llg z .
1.2.4. Cae Inh tin ich (Utility Commands)
LENH HELP HAY ?
Trong ACAD co ho'Tl 100 vai nhieu ll!a ch9n (Options). ACAD cung cap
HELP de eho b<;ln ro chi tiet ve tUng hOi!-c danh sach b cae Inh cua ACAD.
Vi dlr De xem chi tiet ve lnh ZOOM, go vao dong lnh sau:
Command: help
Command name (Return for List): zoom
Sau khi vao lnh, man hinh xufft hin hqp tho,!-i HELP. Trong do co cac
+ Hel p Item (nwc can trq glup): h<.lIl c6 the g5 ten lnh vao.
+ Index: khi b<;ln barn vao phfm Ihdex ACAD lit ke ra tat d. dc Inh va d.c bien. B,!-n
cJ1Qn ml,lc dn xem va nilan vuo OK.
Li;:N H FILES
Lnh nay hin ra dc FILES trang tllu rnl,lc, de x6a, dOi ten, sao chep cac files:
Command: files
Sau khi vao se hin ra hQp co nQi dung nhu tren (hlnh 1- 6).
File Utilities
List files ... ] I Copy tile... II Rename file ... I
I Delete tile ... I I Unlock file .. ] I I
H'inh 1-6: Ifl)p Iho<.li ti9n fch FILE ctm ACAD12 _
Li;:NH SHELL (SH)
Lnh nay eho phcp tht!c e<l.c lin Ich eua h di6u hlmh DOS lrong khi van
con dang 0 t['ong m6i truang ACAD.
Command: sh
DOS command: vao ten cua DOS)
De tro ve ACAD b,!-n hay go EXIT.
Li;:NH STATUS (TRANG THAI)
Lnh nay th6ng bao thai hl9n thai cua blm vi!: klch thtroc bim ve, kieu dUOng
net, lap ve vv ...
II
LENHNEW
U;nh NEW de bar dAu ban ve
maio Sall khi gQi Inh mQl hQp
tho<.ti "Create NC\\i Drawing" xua'
hien nhu hlnh 1-7 ..
ten eho ban ve m6"i
g6 ten bim ve vao 6 "New Drawing
Name", duOi tp tin ban ve
".DWG" ACAD tu them vao. Neu
danh da'u "x" VaG 6 "No
type" rue la kh6ng dlmg ve
mftu rieng nao, ACAD se It! dQng
dua vao eho ban vi! mai mt)t ban ve
m&u theo aead.pat. Nell mu6n
ban ve mai co slr bim ve mau
rieng da: e6, bi.lI1 can nhan phfm
ehllQt vao 6 "Prototype", rai dua
Create New Drawing
lJololype:;; ] Ic"'c::
d
_______ ---'
o No Prolotype
o Retain as Default
I Ne. Orowing N,med ,,=11 =c-==,---------'
W iCancel1
Hlnh 1-7: Hp tho'.li voi NEW cila ACADt2.
ten mfill (d 6 rna va dUOng dAn neu dn) San vB mau nay da: duqe djnh ve doo
vi do, giai ve, khung ban ve, cae lap ve, die tham s6 kfeh thucre ...
ehn thich: Khi eho bien FILEDIA gia trj 0, ACAD12 kh6ng dltd r:I h(Jp thol)i. Khi d6 b,!n vao ten ban
ve moi eho dong snu:
12
Enter NAME of Drawing:
8l)n eh(;m I lrong 3 deh tra lai sau:
a. Go ten bim ve van (tlee Iii dung bim vi; djnh trong acad.pnt)
b. GOlen ban vi! mm = len ban ve lmiu (VI True 1= MAU2)
c. Go Itn han vi; m6i = (IUC la b'.1Il khong dung ban ve mau nito. vi Trucl=).
LENHOPEN
Lnh nay 111& mQt bim ve dfi co ra dci thao.
Sau khi gQi OPEN, ra hQp tho'.!i nhu hlnh 1-8.
File t:!ame:
1dWg
engine.dwg
housepln.dwg
nozzle3d.dwg
pentagon.dwg
planplOf.dwg
psfilpal.dwg
psglobe.dwg
uhadow.dw

Open Drawing
Q.irectOlies:
d:\acad\sampfe
I.
OK
I,
Cancel ..
!Jpe II
find File ...
I
I
Lisl Files 01 Type: Oriyes:
",IO",ra",wi", ng"',,. Oc:
W
..:
G
,--) _""I hl 1121 d: graph Ipu
DRead Onl/ Mode
Ii.] D View
H1nh 18: Hp tho,!-i OPEN ell<! ACADI2.
_ Trong d6 b<.tn chQn thl! rnl;lc chua tp ban ve dn matrong 0 "Directories".
_ 0 hQp "Files" b<;tn dung con tro chuQt kfch sang ten tp va bam phfm pick chuQt de
chQn tp can ma. b<.tn cGng co the g5 ten vao 0 nho "Filcs"a ph fa du6'i .
_ Ban danh dau "x" vao 0 "Select initial view" hien anh bim ve ra xem tntoc.
_ N6u b<.tn danh dffu "x" vao 0 "Read Only Mode" th1 ban ve duqc rna ra chi xern
khOng sua d6i duqc.
_ Cu6i clll1g bam vao OK tin ve do se dUQ'c ma ra.
_ Tntang hqp b"-l1l khOng rnu6n rna ban ve ra nu-a, hay nhay chuQt vao 0 "Cancel".
LENH CAT BAN vii (GHI LEN DIA)
Co 2 each cat bim ve khac nhau nlm sau:
1- Command: save
cat ban ve vai ten cO Illc gQi ra.
2- Command: save as
HQp tho<.ti hin ra b<.ln eho ten file va duang d.n moi de cat bun ve.
LENH THOAT KHOI ACAD QUIT)
Command: quit
Sau khi Inh QUIT mall
hlnh xufit hin hQp tho;:ti de b<.ln
Il!a chQIl (hlnh 1-9).
Drawing Modilication
+ Save changes ... : c6 cat
nhling thay d6i ella ban ve
khong.
r:o""'"""7,...",Th';'C';'CU"1rrent drawing has been __ -,
lliscard Changes Command I
+ Discard changes: bo qua
cac thay dOi, khOng cat.
+ Cancel command: hi'ly bo
Inh QUlT
LENH UNITS
Hlnh 1-9: HQp thO'.li lnh QUIT ella ACADI2.
Lnh nay d xac d!nh don V! ve (do chieu dai, do goc, dQ chinh xac).
Command: units
Units report formats: (Examples)
1. Scientific 1.55E+0 1
2. Decimal 15.50
3. Engincaring 1'_3.50"
4. Architectual l' 3.1/2"
5. Fractional (h6n sO) 15.1/2
Enter choice, I to 5< ... >: 2
D6i voi tieu chuan Vit Naill (TCVN) ch9n 2 (h met). V6'i eac h!a chQn 1,2,3 thl
xuat hin dong sau day de b"tn ch9n tip s6 so \e sau da"u phay (dau cham trong
ting Anh):
Number of digits to right of decimal point (0 to 8)< ... >: (cho s6 s61e sau dau phfiy
thap phan, til I den 8).
Neu chQn chuc nang 4, 5 lh. nhl'ic nho tiep Sf Iii:
Denominalor of smallest fraction to display(l, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16,32 or 64)< ... >: (b'.ln chQn
mall s6 Clla ph.1n so nha nhA't).
Sau do UNITS thOng bao tiep de' b,!n chQn dan V! do goc nhu sau:
13
Report formal: (Examples)
I. Decimal degrees 45.0000
2. Degree/Minutes/Seconds 45 d O' 0"
3. Grad 50.0000 g
4. Radiant 0.7854 r
5. Surveyor's units (dan vi ban dO) N 45d 0' 0" E
Enter choice, I to 5< ... >: 2
Theo TCVN b<.ln nen chQn 2 (d,,/phlit/git\y). Sau do ACAD nhflc nhe, tiep de b",n chQn
s6 chO hien lhi phfin Ie clla gOc:
Number of fractional places for display of angle(O to 8)< ... >:
Bfty giu ACAO nhk nhi1 ehQn huang chuan ella g6c:
Direction for angle 0: (huang ella g6c 0)
East 3 o'clock = 0
North 12 o'clock = 90
West 9 o'clock = 180
South 6 o'clock = 270
Enter direction for angle 0< ... >: (b',111 chQn goc 0 bang go 0, hay chQn 90, 180,270).
Cu6i cimg de chon chitu duang clla gOc, ACAD nhac nhc,:
Do you want angles measured clock wise?< ... >:
Il.::m tnl lai "Y" la d6ng y gOc do thea ehieu quay kim d6ng h6, uN" thea chitu
nguqc I""i (TCVN cho goc ducmg quay nguqc chitu kim d6ng h6).
Chu thieh:
1- ACADt2 con dlla ra Mnh DDUNITS
de hin hQp IhO<,li eho b':ln h!a'chQnlhco cae
nQi dung 1tt(1I1g Ilf nhu Iren. xem hlnh 1-10.
2- 1.2.3 dAy dii Irinh bay 2
cach SQi Jnh Clla AutoCAD: m1 la go len
Inh lit ban phim; hai Iii van Itnh tit Screen
Menu Menu Bar. 0 drty muOn gQi lenh
UNITS tit Menu la lam nhu sau: bl!-n dung
chuQI kfch sang SE111NG tren Menu
dQC(Scn:cn Menu), tTen Menu ngang
(Menu &tr), sau d6 di con Iro t6i Mnh
UNITS va nhay phfm pick chu(ll v1\.o d6. Ta
bieu thi qu6 Ir"inh gqi UNITS tit Menu
nhu sau:
Units
o .scientific

o ,Engineering
o Architectural
o fractional
erecision:
10.0000
Units Control
Angles
Decimal Degrees
o Deg/Min/Sec
o .Grads
o Badians
o Suryeyor
Precision:
IiI 1
0
IiI
Screen Menu> SE1TJNG > Units
Menu &tr> SE1TJNG > Units Control
OK II Cancel II12
he
ctlon ... llllelp ... I
L$NII LIMITS
Lnh nay dtmg de giai h<,ln
vung ve (khO bim vel.
IIlnh 1-10: Htlp thoai DDUNITS Clla ACADI2.
Command: limits
ON/OFF/<Lowcr left corner>< ... >:
- Dap d!nh: cho diem gOc tn,i duai
- ON/OFF: neu Ira lui ON chi ve duoc iJ ben lrong mU!n giai h<.tn LIMITS; con tni
lui OFF b<;11l co ve c;l trong va ngoai LIMITS da d(ll.
14
Sa1,l khi cho diem g6c trlii duai, ACAD nhac b<;m cho g6c phai tren cua mien chu
gi6i h'.l-n ve:
Upper right comer<. .. >: (cho diem g6c phai tren)
Ghi ehu: Sau khi gim h""n vi! bdi Inh LIMITS , c6 the dU'a tOIm bl) gioi h{ln ve d6 ra man hlnlJ
Inh ZOOM vl'1i li,a ch9n ALL; idt<k khi xu:rt ban ve ra in du<;x: chfnh dc LIMITS dii
1.2.5. b:ln ve khm thuy (Prototype Drawing)
Vice dau lien khi 1 bim ve 1a 1<.to moi truOng cho ban ve chua cae thOng tin ban dau.
Do dcm vi do. giai h'.ln bim ve, lap, lum, kieu ghi kich thuOc, kieu chiL. nhUng
thong tin do thuOng it thay dOi d6i v6i nguo; sir d':lng, cho nen thuOng chung thanh 1 file
va gqi la ban vi" khtli thuy (Prototype Drawing - PD). Sau nay mlli khi ban ve mm
gqi ten ban ve khai thuy ra dung tranh di mi?t 10'.lt cac thong tin ban dau
ve moi tCU'ang ban viS (xem a lI1h NEW tiet 1.2.4 treng chuoog nay).
Trong ACAD ding co san ban ve khai thuy trong file acad.dwg nhlffig co mQt s6 thOng
tin khOng pho. hqp vai tieu chuAn Vit Nam, b'.ln dn l'.1-i .
Cdc butte ban vi' khtli thuy (PD) nhu sau
1- Xac don vi ve, dung UNITS.
2- gim ve (Ung voi khO gilly A4, A3, ... ), dung LIMITS.
3- f1iin th! toan be> gi6i h'.l-n ve ra man hlnh, dung Inh ZOOM h!a 'chqn ALL.
4- Ve khung ban ve, khung ten, dung LINE PLINE (xem chuong 2, tiet 2-2
va tiet 2-3).
5- cac thOng s6 khac:
* lucri ve, dung lnh SNAP va GRID (chuong 2, tiet 2-12) .
Tao lap cho ban ve, dung lnh LAYER (xem chuong 6, tiet 6-2).
* T'.lo kieu ghi kich thuac vai cac bien kich thuGC b'.ln chqn, dung lnh Dim V AR.
* Tl!lo cae kieu viet chil, dung lnh STYLE (xem chuoog 5, tiet 5-
f
).
6- ott gill han vo khiJi thuy (PD), dung lnh SAVE AS.
Ghi ehu: cae b!,ln mm h9C AutoCAD ehi dn bim vi! khOi thuy theo cac buUc 1, 2, 3, 4, 6.
15
CHUONG 2
, - - .,
CAC LI;NH VE CO BAN
2.1. POINT: YO di.!m
* each gQi POINT til Menu:
.-----------------,
Screen Menu> DRAW> Point
Menu Bar > ORA W > Point
* Go lnh tu phfm:
Command: point
Point <eha tQa dQ ella diem>
ACAD12 dtmg bien POMODE xac djnh cae
diem khac nhau va bien PDSlZE xac djnh
kfch thucrc di<!m nhu b<'mg sau da.y (hloh I):
Point Style _ _
2.2. UNE: VO drrang drrang gap
khuc thang
* Okh goi LINE til menu:
Screen Menu> ORA W > Line
Menu Bar > DRAW > Line
* Go lnh Ilr ban phfm:
Command: line
From point: <e1lO diem dau>
To point: <ellO tiep thee>
To point: <eho diem tiep thee,
U, C, Enter>
Bi)1l g6 U neu muon bo th&ng vua ve; g5
C de dong kin ducrng gap khuc.
Vi hloh 2-2.
Command:
From point:
To point:
To point:
To point:
To point:
line
100,120
@ 40<60
@40<-60
c
.J
2.3. PUNE (POLYLINE)
oay de ve da tuyen (Polyline) g6m cae
thang va cae eung tron noi tiep nhau_
Chung eo the cho d rng net, ducrng net
khae nhau(ducrng lien, duemg dU!, duemg cham
gach ... ).
16
+
X
0 0
-$- l2l:
(')
D D
$-
J2,1
[1J
D D
-$- f.2l
['J
Point ,S.ize: 15_0000
I"
Set Size Belative to Screen
o Set Size in Absolute Units
OK I Cancel I 1 tldp ... I
Hlnh 2-1: H9P Ihm_li ella POINT trong
ACADI2.
P2
-60'
________
P3
(100,120)
Hinh 2-2
each gqi PLINE til Menu;

Screen Menu> DRAW> Pline
Menu Bar > DRAW > Pline
Go til blm phim;
Command: pline
From point: <cho diem dliu>
Current line width is 0.0000 rng hic;n thai la 0>
ArdClose/HalfwidthILengtblUndolWidtbl<End point of U"e>:
Dong nMc dO U'ng viti vi'dofln thdng, cac lila chQn de' ve nhu sau:
+ aWn A: chuyen ti':r ve dUCmg thing sang ve Cl\og tron n6i tiep.
+ aWn C: dOng kin da tuyl!n
+ ChQn H: de vaG m'ra be r"ng net ve.
+ ChQIl L: de ve thing co chien da:i du<;IC dua VaG va co cung d nghieng vCri dof,lll
tnrac d6.Nt'!u tnJac d6 13, eung tron thi dof,lll mm tie? xuc v6i cung tron do.
+ Ch9n U: x6a vila ve tnrac do.
+ Chqn W: chi dinh be r{mg net ve cho til!p theo.
+ d!nh: cho tl?a dl) diem thi do la mut thu 2 eua
Ntu vi' c:ung trim thi dong nhac.: senhu sau :
Angle/CEnter/CLoselDirectionIHalfwidtb/LinelRadiusiSecond
. pointiUndolWidtbl<End point of arc>:
+ aWn A: cho goc Om eua eung tron.
+ ChQn CE: cho tAm cung trOn.
+ ChQn D: chi ra hU6'ng ve cung tron Iii hUOng tip tuyn diem d<iu cung trOn.
+ awn R: cho ban kinh cung tIim.
VI dw hlnh 23
Command p1ine.J
From point: 70,150
Current line width is 0.0000 r(mg hin theJi HI. 0>
Arc/Close/LengthlUndo/Width/<End point of line>: @70,0
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>: a
Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius,lSecondpoint/
Undo/Width/<Ilnd point "f arc>: @6O<90
Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/LinelRadius/Second
point/Undo/Width/<End point of arc>: 1
Arc/Close!Halfwidth/LengthIUndo/WidtbJ<End point of line>: @70,0
Arc/Close/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>:. @20<90
Arc/Close/Halfwidth!LengthlUndo/Width/<Ilnd point of line>: a
Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second
point/Undo/Width/<End point of arc>: r
Radius: 10
Aogle/<End point>: @0,20
Aogle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second
QOintJ\JndoJWid'h/<End \lOin, of arc>: I
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Bnd polm 0\ \,=>.. c
17
('ro.100)
pi
p
P"
70
70
ffinh2-3
2.4. CIRCLE: VO duilng tron
P8
PS
'* each gQi lnh CIRCLE til Menu:
mnh 24

Screen Menu> DRAW> Circle
Menu Bar > DRAW > Circle
Go til ban prom:
Command: circle
Lnh circle ve duemg trOll thee cae each x.ac dinh khac nbau:
Cho 14m va ban klnh (hinh 2-4):
Command: circle
3P/2P{ITR/<Center point>: 75,50 <cho tfun, vi dV 75.50>
Diameter/<Radius>: 30 <cho D R, vi dl,l cho R=30>
CII. 14m va tI/lllng klnh: lUang !\f nbu Wn.
Clio 3 tJilm (3P)
Command: circle
3P/2PfTIR/<Center>: 3P
First i><>int: <chQ .rnem tM nMt>
Second point: <cho diem thil 2>
Third point <cho diem thll 3>
Cho 2 tIilu mul ella tt/lilng klnll (2P)
Command: circle
3P/2P{ITR/<Center point>: 2P
First point on Diameter: <cho mut thO' 1 ella duemg kfnh>
Second point on Diameter: <cho mut thil 2 ella duang kinh>
Ve tI/lllng IrOn litp xue v';; 2 tI/lllng eho /rUUc (ITR)
Vi d
u
: hlnh 2-5
Command: circle
3P/2P{ITR/<Center point>: TIR T )
Enter tangent spec: <chi dUCmg thtl ohAt PI>
Enter second tangent spec: <chi duCmg thtl 2 Hi P2>
Radius: 34
Command: .J
3P/2P{ITR/<Centerpoint>: TIR
Enter tangent spec:
Entersecondtangentspec:
Radius:
2.5. ARC: Vi! cung tron
<chi duemg thti:
<-chi duemg thu 3, P3>
75
* Oich gQi lnh ARC til'Menu:
,.
I",-,,}"."-",,-' ". I
Screen Menu> DRAW> Arc
Menu Bar > DRAW > Arc
* Go Inh til' ban phim:
Command: arc

Vi! cuog tr)n theo cac each nhtl sau:
.'Cung qua 3 diim (hlnh 2-6)
Hlnh 25
Command: arc
Center/<Start point>: <cho diem PI>
Center/End/<Second point>: <cho diem P2>
End point: <cho diem P3>
- Diim d(iu (Start), tam(Center), diim cud! (End):
Pi
S,C,E
Command: arc
Center/End/<Second point>: C
Center: <cho tam>
Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: <cho dit!m cu6i P2>
- Diim dau, tlim, g6c om (Include Angle): S, C, A
Command: arc
Center/End/<Second point>: C
Center: <cho tam>
Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: A
Include Angle: <cho goc Om>
- EJiim dau, tam, chie'u dai cung (Length oj chord): S, C, L
Command: arc
Center/<Start point>: ho diem PI>
Center/End/<Secondpoint>: C -
Center: ' ho tam>
Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: L
Length of chord: <cho chieu cung>
- Diim ddu, diim cudi, ban ktnh: S, E, R
Command: arc
Center/<Start point>: <coo diem PI>
Center/End/<Second point>: E
PO
End poind: <cho diem cu6i P2>
Angle/Direction/Radius/<Center point>: R <l
Radius <cho ban kinh>
- EJiim dciu, diim cutfi, goc dm: S, E, A
Command: arc
PO
19

Center/<Start pPint>: <coo di<!m PI>
Center/Encl/<Second point>: E
End poind: <cho diim cu6i P2>
Angle/Direction/Radius/<Center point>: A
Include Angle: <cho g6c ()m>
Dilm tlDu, dilm COOl, hU't1ng phdt min: S, E, D
Command: arc
Center/End/<Second point>: E
End poind: <cho diem cu6i P2>
AngleIDirection/Radius/<Center point>: D
Direction from start point <cho huang g6c quay +, hay ->
- Ve cung tron n6i tiep v6i mQt duimg dti cho
Giii su truac do ta d3: ve 1 duemg thAng hay 1 cung tron, trong lnh ARC nell ta ENTER
a dong nhlic da.n tien thl cung tron ve fa se n6i tiep voi duemg dli co.
Vi dl!-: hloh 2-7 (11(1.10)
Command:
From point:
To point:
To point:
Command:
Center/<Start point>:
End point:
2.6, TRACE
line
45,50
120,50
.J
arc
.J
@liO<45
-
Hinh 2-7
Lnh ntly de ve dO<p1 thing, duang ga'p khuc co be net dugc chQo tnroc .
Cich g9i 1RACE tlr Menu:
rl--Sc-ree-n-M-en-u->-D-R-A-W->-T-ra-c-e--'
... G5 lnh tu ban phim:
Command: trace'
P2
60
VI hlnh 2-8.
Command: trace
Trace width< ... >: 2.4 <ho be rQng neD
From point: 70,90
To point: @ 50<30
To point: @ 60,0 PI (70,90)
. To point: .J Hinh 28
P3
Trong nay nu ta bin th6ng FlLEMODE la ON (I) thl net ve duqc to
d{lm ben troog; n6'u OFF (0) thi net kh6ng duqc to Mn trong.
2.7. POLYGON: Vi! da giac
20
>II each gQi lnh POLYGON til Menu:

Screen Menu>DRA W>Polygon
Menu Bar > DRAW >Polygon
G5 tir ban phim:
Command: polygon
Number of side< ... >: <cho s6 da giac>
Edge/<Center of polygon>: <cho Him P, cho d dai
Lnh Polygon de ve da giac bang cac cach sau:
+ Neu cho tam P, ACAD nhac nha tiep:
Incribed in circle/Circums cribed abaut circle< ... >: <b<,m tra Uri. I se ve da
giac ni titp, tra. 1m C ve da giac duang tron>
Radius of circle: <cho ban kinh dUCmg ttim >
cho diem la dinh hay diem giita e<,mh da giac 1a toy truemg hqp ve ni hay
tiep; neu b<.m cho 1 s6 thi d6 13. d dai c<,mh day polygon nam ngang.
+ Ntu chl!n E de ve da giac deu bOi 1 vai dong nhac nhu sau:
Edge/<Center of polygon>: E
First Endpoint of edge: <cho dinh I cua
Second Endpoint of edge: <cho dinh 2 eua
2.S. DONUT (DOUGHNUT)
Lnh nay ve hinh vanh khuyen co t6 mau a tmng neu FILEMODE la ON(1);
con gia tri bien do Iil OFF(O) thi kh6ng t6 mau.
* each gQi lnh OONUT tir Menu:

Screen Menu>DRAW>Donut
Menu Bar > DRAW > Donut
G5 lnh tit bim phim:
Command: donut
Vi hinh 29.
Command: donut
Inside diameter< ... >: 25
Outside diameter< ... >: 35
Center of doughnut: 130,110
Center of doughnut: .J
2.9. ELLIPSE: Ve .lip
each g9i ELUPSE til Menu:

Screen Menu > DRAW> Ellipse .
Menu Bar > DRAW > Ellipse
GO til bhn phim:
Comm<qld: ellipse'
mnh 29
ACAD dua ra ea.ch ve e1ip nhu sau:
- V ... lip /Ttlngcij.p ban chlnh
Command: ellipse _I
<Axis endpoint 1 >/Center: <eho diem mut thu 1 ella true>
<cho diem mut thu 2 eua d6> Axis endpoint 2:
<Other axis distanee>/Rotation: <eho diem P3 thl ACAD coi ban true thu 2
Is khoang each til tAm den P3, neu cho 1 s6
thi do I. d dai ban In!c thtl 2> (hlnh 2-10).
21
- Ve .lip bOi Ill'" va 2 ban
Command: ellipse
<Axis endpoint I>/Center: C
Center of ellipse: <cho tam P clla elip>
Axis endpoint: <cho PI Ul mut tI1,lc thu I:>
<Other axis distance>!Rotation: <cho n.

- Ve elip ming 1 va pilip quay
Command: ellipse
________ ________
mnh 2-10
<Axis endpoint I>/Center: <cho dau mut PI cua I tI1,lc>
Axis endpoint 2: <cho P2 Hi mut thu 2 clla tI1,lc do>
<Other axis distance>/Rotation: R
Rotation around major axis: <cho goc quay>
TI1,Ic chinh PIP2 do xem nhll dllCmg kinh cua 1 vong him. vong trim nay dllqc quay di
m()t goc va dllqc chieu len ban ve thanh e1ip.
- Vi" dip ltJ hinh chie'u cua 1 vong tron trong
kinh chieu trl;lc do
Neu b<;tn chc;m Isometric Style clla Inh SNAP.
thi khi d6 ELLIPSE nha:
<Axis endpoint l>/Center/lsometric: I
Center of circle: <cho tam e1ip>
<Circle Radius>/Diameter: D <cho ban
kinh duang kinh,
vi d9 cho duang kinh D>
Circle Diameter: <cho d3i dlkinh>
IDoh 2-11 Hl mOt vi du ve hinh truc do clla
kh6i phuong cae tron n/)i, til!p IItn cAe
cua n6 tro thanh clic elip. ' ,
2.10. SOLID
II
y
x
mnb 2--11
nay cho phep vo mien phllng tb mau khi bien h th6ng F1LLMODE Ja ON; neu
gia hi bin d6 Iii OFF thl mien ve kh6ng dugc t6
* C3.ch gQi SOLID tir Menu:
1- Screen Menu> DRAW> Solid
'" Go lnh tir ban phim:
Command:
First point:
Second point:
Third point:
Fourth point:
solid
<cho diem PI>
<cho diem P2>
<cho diem P3>
<cho diem P4>
Third point: .J
2.11. SKETCH: Vi! duang t\l do
Lnh SKETCH (ve phac) cho phep ve-cac dUCmg tv do bOi cac thiet bi chi dier
22
Mouse, Thb1et). Khi di chuyen bj chi ditm phfm pick chuot vaJe) ACAD se ra
cae thlkg fill ngan nOi nhall thea duemg di cua .
... Oich gQi lnh SKETCH ti1 Menu:
,-------:--1
Screen Menu > DRAW> Sketch
* G6 lnh tit ban phfm:
Command: sketch
Record increment< ... >: <cho d dlti buCJc tang>
Sketch Pen eXit Quit Record Erase Conect
tro vilo 11,f8 chQn nao mu6n tIen dong nhac do:
+ P: M nMc "bUt" 1M (up) khOng vo dil di chuyin con trl>; "but"
xu6ng(down) se ve duqc.
+ R: .de ghi ta":t ca cae duang dii ve phac thilnh duemg cO dinh.
+ X: thacit khoi sketch va ghi cae duemg dii ve phac.
+ Q: thoat khoi lnh sketch va kh6ng ghi 1<}i cae duemg da: ve phac .
. + E: <Ie xoa di mC?t duang da ve ke tiI tn chQn too cu6i.
+ C: cho phep nOi 1<;ri vilo duemg ve phic vUa rOi saD khi da "but" len.
Ch6 y: De khOng anh hui'mg toi duUng ve phtlc, khi dung lnh nen tat eM'd SNAPMODE
va ea ORlliOMODE.
Vi vo duemg ky d.t tay nilm b;\ng gO (hlnh 2-12)
Command: sketch
Record increment< ... >: 1 <cho 'd dhl bu6'c di cua con trl?>
Den day hay con tro tOi diim bcit dau vi: va phim tnii chut, re chut theo
duemg w.ri gO muOn ve . chiS nao muOn ngat th1 :in phim tnii chut Ian thO' 2. Vi: xong
mu6n ghi V30 ban ve, hay go R.
Hlnh2-lZ
2.12. cAc TRt;i GUlP Kill Vii.
SNAP
luCri. cho con trO. Khi di con trl> n6 chi bat vao cac mat IU6i. .
each goi lnh SNAP va GRID tiJ Menu:
Screen Menu> SETTING> Snap/Grid
Menu Bar>SETTING>Drawing Aids>hp Snap/Gdd ...
23
* Go lnh til: bim phim:
Command: snap
Snap spacing or ON/OFF/ AspeclRfttate/Style< ... >:
dap dong nhac nay bOi cac 1tpl chQn nhu saU:
+ Snap spacing: 1 sO thl dO 13. khoang cAch cac mat hro'i theo phucmg x, y.
+ dO Ium snap.
+ A: de bm.1c dich chuyen ngang dQC khac nhau. Sau do ACAD nhac
Horizontal spacing: <cho bu6c dich ngang>
Vertical spacing: <cho bU'l.1c dlCh dQC>
+ R: de quay con trO quanh 1 diem, c6 dOng nh&< tip:
Base point< ... >: <cho diem Cel sa , roc 1a trun xoay>
Rotation Ang1e< ... >: <cho g6c xoay>
+ S: de snap thoo 2 kieu: Standard (chuiin) hay Isometric (thuimg dung de vo hlnh
chieu do):
. Snap spacing or ON/OFF/Aspec/Rotate/Sty\e< ... >: S
Standard/ Isometric< ... >: <chqn I hay s>
Dum da.y la 2 vi d1,l dung lnh ELLIPS veti Iva chqn Stylelsometric cua SNAP de ve
tI1,lc do vu6ng g6c deu (hlnh 2-13a), va.hinh chiu do dUng deu (hlnh 2-13b)
cua 2
Trong khi dang dung khac cilaACAD, c6 the ON hay tilt OFF ch SNAP
bfulg each :In phim F9 hay Ctrl+B .
. I
lfmh 2-138 Hinh 2-13b
GRID
De hin lu6i ra man hlnh, thucrng ket hl1P veti SNAP.
Command: grid
Grid spacing or ON/OFF/Snap/Aspec< .. >: <dap Mmg II! SNAP>
De di6u khien GRID hoat hay tilt di. phim F7 hay Ctrl+G.
TRANSPARENT
Trong khi dang thvc mt')t loh nao do clla ACAD co the gQi Transparent
thl ACAD cho kha nilllg thoat ra hin eae \nh khac ella ACAD va sau do tu tra ve
\I;nb cu. .
24
De gqi lnh nay h'.'n- chi cful them dAu nh<iy "'" tnr6c ten lnh ra .thVc hin.
Vi dJ,t: Dang dung PLINE rna b"" mu6n ra dung SNAP.
Command: PLINE
From point: 93,85
To point: 'snap
Snap spacing or ONfOFFI Aspect!Rotate/Style< ... >: <h<;ln cho h!a chc;m cho SNAP>
Resuming PLINE command.
To point:
ORTHO
Lnh nay de ve ole duang dUng nam ngang. B'.'n chu y nmg
ORTHO khOng c6 lac d\ffig khi vao ch do Objecl SNAP.
Hay dung phim F8 hay Clrl+O M bAt! tAl ch dO ortho.
Command: ortho
ON/OFF< ... >:
OSNAP (OBJECT SNAP)
Khi h<;m hat ve d6i tUQ'Ilg moi mu6n no neo t'.li dAu mut clla duang, hay
di qua dit'!:m giiIa ella d01,ln vu6ng g6c vcJi duang. neo vao diem giao nhau
ella 2 duang nao d6 ... , lnh OSNAP giup h<;ln thVc do chinh xac va rAt lqi.
* each gqi OSNAP tir Menu:
,----------------------,
Screen Menu> SE1TING > Osnap
Menu Bar > SETTING > Objecl SNAP
* G5 lnb til ban phim:
Command: osnap
Object snap mode:
B<;m'tra 1m dong nhac bang c<ic Iva chqn sau day(go 3 chiI c<ii dllu):
+ CENter: neo tam duang tnm.
+ ENDpoint: neo Vlo mut cua 1 dUang con tro nhAt.
+ INTersection: neo vao giao diem cua 2 duang.
+ MIDpoint: neo vao diem gifra clla dol,Ul thang hay cung tron.
+ NEArest: neo vao diem gful con tro nha:t cua d6i tuqng ve.
+ PERpendicular: neo c.han duang th!ng g6c clla duang Ve tit mi?t diim mai tai
duimgdo.
+ TANgent: neo clla tron khi ve diem mcJi tai tiep tuyen
va; duimg tron do.
+ QUAdrant: neo vao. diem chia cung ph&! tu duang tron gcin con tro nhAt.
+ INSert: tlm diem xen kh6i(BWCK), h<* diem cua 10XL
+ NODe: neo vao diem dU<!C vo bin lnh POINT.
+ QUIck: tAng nbanh xac djnh d6i tuqng.
+ NONe: tat e<ic IJ.!3 chqn clla OSNAP.
Ghi c!au:
+ osnap thuitrr.g trJ!C: ACAD12 e61nh dung Mp thOl;li de eae)va chqn osnap.
g9i ti::r Menu bar> setting> Object snap (hlnh 2-14). Khi dii d.e ml)t Osnap thubng tf\IC. n6 se
t6n miii cho Mn khi thao ga di. 010 ntn khi dung xong. ntn th3.o ga n6 khOng anh huOng
den cac kMc.
?
+ OSI/ap t(rc 111m: hf}l1 co the dung OSNAPMODE ttk Ihoi (1 Mn) blmg dch h[im phim chuQt giua (3)
hay lin phrm Shift+Niim chui)t phili (2) lie Kunt hin Menu dlUt)1 de: b,.Ul ch9n OSNAP (hlnh 2-15). B,!n cling
cOlhe gQi Osnap modes IUC thai each dung con Ira chi Vll.O 4 dall sao .,****" tren scrcen mcnu.
Running Object Snap .
Select Settings
0
o Midpoint 0 Eerpendicular
o 0 langent
o Node D Ne1l.rest
o Quadrant 0 Oyick:
o !ntersection
Aperture Size
Min Max
Ii! 13
o
OK I Cancel
I_Help ... I
Hinh 2-14
Assist" Qraw

Endpoint
In..ert
intersection
Midpoinl

EerpendiculllT
.Quadrant
langent
None
Hinh 2-15
Con tr6 trong OSNAP la 6 vuong (Tagct box) chon d6i lttqng \'e de dang. B<:tn
co tht ditu chinh to nhc, bang APERTURE, chinh phim Min-Max Iren
hinh 2-14; go:
Command: aperture
Ojecl SIl<lP tagel size: <I -50 pixels>:
Sau day Iii mQt VI dl,l di:1Il1? OSNAP/CEN viS mQt clLrOng III tam 0 duemg
tron vii vuong goc v&i duong thrlllg III di:l cho (hlnh 2-16):
Command:
From point:
Of:
To point:
To:
m
26
line
CEN <bilt tfun 0 clh dUOng tron>
<chi vao dUCmg tron>
PER <b&t chan dlfong vuong g6c m>
<chi vao dtCOng thAng m>
o
Hinh 2-16
CHUONG3
cAc BIEN vA TRA c(tu
Trong khi ban ve thuOng phai bien dy xoa, h6i d6i tuqng
bi xoa, dich chuyen, quay, thu ph6ng, !tty d6i xUng. sao chep, hiu chloh ... cae d6i tUq1g ve,
va d.c lnh tra cUu (Inquiry) ve d.c dG' liu (mAD, lOp, dQ ri?ng net. .. ), khoang each, din tich,
vv ... nhtrng muon HUn dieu do vic tien AutoCAD doi hoi h<.m phai Iva chQn d6i tuqng
(Select Object).
3.1. CHON DOl TlfONG (SELECT)
. .
* each g<?i lnh SELECr tll Menu:

Screen Menu> EDIT> Select
Menu Bar> EDIT> Select
* GO lnh tir phim:
Command : select .J
Select object:
B;;m co the ch(;m d6i tuqng de bien hay tfa cUn bang cae each sao :
+ Chi dung con chuQt chi vao d6i tUqTlg cAn chQn reli ohlin phim trAi chuQt,
c(i.ng co the: vao tQa dQ ella diem thUi)C d6i tm;mg do.
+ ALL: chQn tilt ca nhiing hloh co trong ban ve.
+ Last: chQn d6i nrqng vila ve xong .
+ Previous: chQn cac d6i nrqng vita chQn tnt6'c do.
+ Window: chQn cac d6i tuqng IQt trong clla sO chu nh;}t .ma xAc dinh.
+ Crossing: ch<;>;n d.c d6i tU'gng rna mt ciIa 56 ehlia cit ngang qua chung.
+ WPolygon: chuc nang nay gi6ng window chi khAc la elra 56 do .4-0 ra la hlnh
da giAc.
+ Cpolygom gi6ng nhu Crossing, chi khAc l3. eua sO t<;10 ra la mQt da giac.
+ Undo: di! b6 di d6i tuQllg vira ch90.
+ Remove: khi chQn nhieu d6i tuqng rna muon 10<;li bo mQt d6i tuqng nao do ta ehQn R
sau dong nhac "Select object:" va ACAD nhile b<;ln chQn d6i tl1qng dn gO- 00: "Remove
objects:".
+ Add: tat che dQ "Remove", co the tiep tl,le chQn them d6i tl1qng.
+ Frece (hang rao): chinh ta t<;1o mt dl1Cmg Polygon hO', rna rtlQi d6i tl1qng rna n6 ca.t
qua se dUQ'c ehQn.
cae d6i tl1qng dl1qc ehQn se rna di. B<;1n mu6n ket thoe chQn d6i tuqng hay lin
ENTER, hay nba y phim phiii ehuQt, go NULL.
3.2.TAYXOA
'" ERASE: dy xoa mQt hay nhieu d6i tl1qng ve.
27
* each gc;>i ERASE til Menu:
,------------------,
* Go tu ban phim:
Command:
Screen Menu> EDIT> Erase
Menu Bar > MODIFY > Erase
erase
Select object: <chqn d6i tuqng cAn tay x6a>
ChB y: Lnh OOPS dung khOi phl,l-c l{li d6i tuqng dti bj x6a bi'1i Jnh ERASE (m(lc du c6 dung dc
lnh vi! kMc,sau khi era.o;e). Ngoru m lnh OOPS oon &: lam hin de d6i tU(}Ilg bi mA:t di sau khi
BLOCK.
Command: oops
. BREAK: ngM b6 di I philn d6i tlTgng ve.
* Oich gqi lnh BREAK tu Menu:

Screen Menu> EDIT> Break
Menu Bar > MODIFY > Break
>1= Go lnh tit ban phim:
Command: break
Select object: <chi vao diem dau dn x6a>
Enter second point (or F for first point): <chi vao diem thu 2 cua
can xoa, go F de chqn diem dt\u sau d6ACAD nhac chc;>n diem cuoi>. Vi d1,l
duai day m6 ta qua tdnh thl!C lnh BREAK:

'-...../
L":::;.. .... J
-
H'inh g6e ctH;m d6i trn;mg Da-nh dlfu 2 diem X6a doI!fi PIP2
Hiob 31
Chu y: Khi dung Jnh BREAK dt x6a I cung tren dubrlg trim. bl:Ul c4:n cM y pMn cung hi x6a thee
quay kim d6ng h6. Do ph<ii chu Y ChQR dian dJiu va diem cu6i cho c&I x6a. vi dl,!-
dum dQy, tren dmg mt dubrlg tron, ntu chc;m dibn dliu PI va diim cu6i Pl nhu hlnh 3-2a thl cung PIPl phfa
tren bj x6a; 0'10 chc;m Pl, Pl nhu hlnh "3-2b Ihl. coog PIPl phia dum hi x6a.
P2
PI
+ PI +
P2
HiDh 3-2
28
TRIM
tia thua ella d6i tuqng ve bdi cae dao dt (edge).
:I: each gQi lnh lRIM til Menu:

Screen Menu> EDIT> Trim
Menu Bar > MODIFY > T-rim
* Go lnh tu ban phi'm:
Command: trim
Select cutting edge(s) ...
Select objects: <chQn cae dUOng Hlm qmh cAt>
<Select object to trim>/Undo: <chQn thua d.n cat di>
Vf du duUi day m6 til qua trlnh dung TRIM (hlnh 3-3).
lfinh g6c. ell9n duimg
qmh cat(PI)
a.i vao
thtra cdn dit(Pl,P2)
Hloh 3-3
-t
Ket qua.
co the chQn chinh duemg c<;tnh dt la d6i tUl;1I1g d.o cAt bo, nhu VI dl;l sau da.y:
Hinb g6c
3.3. DItN HINH
MOVE
Oll;m qnb eM
Crossing
Hlnb 3-4
PO
P P3
P4
elli vao dOl.ln
thtta cAn cit
J L
Kl!t qua.
Lnh MOVE de eli chuyen cac d6i tuQllg tUi vi trf loMc loh6ng thay dOi huang va
kfch thu6c ella chung .
Qich gQi MOVE tu Menu:
,------------------,
* Go tir phfm:
Command:
Screen Menu> EDIT> Move
Menu Bar > MODIFY > Move
move
Select object: <chQn d6i tuqng d.o di chuyen>
<cho diem co so, kho3.ng c3.ch
dichuyen>
Base poi,Dt or displacement:
Second point of displacement: <cho diem dich t6i>
29
COpy
4nh nay de sao chep cae d6i tuqrtg Wi vi trl maio No gi6ng MOVE, chi Iil
d6i tugng ell vAn gift .
Glcb gQi COpy Ilr Menu:
,---------------------,
Screen Menu> EDIT > Copy
Menu Bar > CONSIRUcr > Copy
* GO lnh llr ban phim:
ROTATE
Command: copy
Select object: <chqn d6i tuqng ciin sao chep>
< Base point or displacement>/Multiple: <cho diem cd sa, khoang
each di chQn M HI. sao chep thanh ohieu ban>
Second point of displacement: <cho diim dich Wi a'n Enter>
Lnh ROTA1E dung de quay d6i tm;mg vi! quanh diem Cd sil.
* Glcb gQi ROTATE Ilr Menu:
,------------------,
Screen Menu> EDIT> Rotate
Menu Bar ; MODIFY > Rotate
* Go lnh tiI ban phim:
Command: rotate
Select object:
Base.point:
. <Rotation Angle>/Reference:
<ChQfl d6i tuqng can xoay>
<cho diem tam xoay>
<cho g6c xoay, hay ch(;m R de cho gOc
tham khao sau do cho gOc m6'i>
Chti y goc xoay duang Hi ngu;JC chieu quay kim d6ng h6 va nguqc V( dum day
cbo g6c xoay I. 45 d (blnb 3-5).
Hinh g6c Olqn d6i tttqng xoay W. Chqn diim co sO. Kt"t qua.
mnh
SCALE
Lnh SCALE dung ph6ng to thu nho d6i hlqng vi! theo ca 2 chieu x,y v6i cung
mt ty l. d6i tlJqDg da: dlJqc ghi kfch thlJt'1c thi sau khi SCALE. kich thlJac mai se W
dng cilkp nhilkt
30
* C8ch gQi lnh SCALE tu Menu:
r--;Sc:-re-e-n-=M:-:-en-u->-=E=D=IT=-->-=Sc=-a"C}e--'
Menu Bar > MODIFY > Scale
>l< Go lnh tu ban phim:
Command: scale
Select object: <chQn doi tuqng de scale>
Base point: <cho diem cO' sCi>
<Scale factor>/Reference:
Di dap dong nba.c nay. cho 1 so duang 100 han 1 di ph6ng to, cho so duang be
han 1 se thu nho d6i tuqng. d8.p R nghia la dung ty l tham khao sau do cho
ty l maio Hinh 3-6 mO ta qua tdnh thao l<lc lnh SCALE:
Hinh g6c 0l9n d6i htqng scale
STRETCH
010 diem co so
Hioh 3-6
\;
Klt qua.
Lnh STRETCH de keo dan 1 cua d6i hlnh ve fa rna vAn noi v6i hlnh cu .
each gQi lnh STRETCH til" Menu:

Screen Menu> EDIT> Stretch
Menu Bar > MODIFY > Stretch
GO lnh tit ban phim:
Command: stretch
Select object to stretch by window or polygon: <chQn d6i tuqng di
stretch bang cua s6 da giac>
Base point or displasement: <cho diem cO' sCi>
Second point of displacement: <cho dich tm, khoang each
dOi>
Du6'i day la vi dl,) minh hQa cac buCJc dung lnh stretch dt keo phAn cung tron clla
hlnh vo til diem PI tOi P2 (hlnh 3-7).
ffinh g6c

Gllm d6i tuqng kio
bang Clm sO (C) ..
. Hlnh 3-'
,l'l Y'-P2--l
010 diem PI va P2. Kt qua.
eh6 y: V6i STR.ETcH, khi chQn d6i tuqng iii kw phai dung each ch9n la Window, Crossing,
Polygon.
MIRROR
Lnh giup nen hlnh d6i )'.ling qua m()t duang thing v6i hlnh da: co, va c6
gift nguyen xoa hlnh co di .
Oich gQi MIRROR til Menu:

Screen Menu> EDIT> Mirror
Menu Bar > CONSTRUCT > Mirror
31
*' G6 tu ban phim:
Command:
Select object:
First point of mirIOr line:
Second point:
Delete old objeet?<N>:
mirror
<chQn d6i tlIqrtg can Hly d6i xU'ng>
<cho diem thtl I cua d6i xU'ng>
<eho diem thtl 2 clla d6i xUng>
<trii loi N la khong xoa hinh eu, Y la x6a
hinh eu>
Duoi day lit vi mb ta cae buoc thuc hien Inh MIRROR (hinh 3-8).
I I
I I
P1
LV
P2
H'inh g6c Ou;m d6i tlJ'<?Tlg Ch9n trl;lc doi xlmg(PIP2) Ket qua
Hlnh 38
Chu y: Khi Uly d6i xililg bfing MIRROR cac dong Text tra nen so vai hlnh gOc. ACAD dung bien
h? thong MIRTEXT( I/O) de khien dong Text c6 nguq"c. hay kh6ng. De ial!l d6, hf;ln vao thiet
bien th6ng SETVAR: .
32
. Screen Menu> SETTING> SETVAR > MirText (0/1)
Nell di:it MirText",,1 thl Text se d6i xililg v6i hlnh eli; Mirlht""O dong Text se c6 d,!.ng thL!c nhu h"inh cu.
EXTEND
EXTEND de keo dai cae dI1Cmg t6i dI10ng bien (Boundry edge)
*' each gQi EXTEND tir Menu:
.----------------,
*' GO tU phim:
Screen Menu> EDIT> Extend
Menu Bar > MODIFY > Extend
Command: extend
Select eP&o(s) ...
Select object: <ch9n duimg bien>
<Selecfobject t<> ex1md>/lJndo: <chi vlio eM diti>
<Select object to .extend>/Un<l0:;J
Vi d':l sau day chi ra cac buac th\!C EXTEND, mnh 3-9.
P2
PI
Hinh goc Ch9n dUOng bien Chi ra mlit citn k.eo dai Kct qwi.
Hlnh 39
ARRAY
B<:Ifl dung lnh nay de sao chep d6i tUQ'Ilg thanh I ming g6m nhieu d6i tuqng cung ml)t
la.n. Mimg do co the sap xep thanh chu (Restangular), hay hloh tron (Polar).
* Oich g4?i Inh ARRAY tir Menu:
,--------------------,
Screen Menu> EDIT> Array
Menu Bar> CONSIRUcr"> Array
* Go lnh tir phim:
Command: array
Select object: <Ch4?ll d6i tuQ'Ilg thanh mang>
Restangular or Polar array(RlP)<R>: dap R hay P>
+ Nell d;ip R: sao mang chu nMt. ACAD hoi tiep sO' hang, s6 cl)t, khoang ca.ch cae hang,
cae la bao nhieu. Ntfu b{lIl cho sO' hang 13. sO' ducmg, thi ACAD se sao cae hang len tn'!n,
nguQ'c .cho sO' am thl sao xu6ng dum. B'.lll cho gia tfi ducmg cua d.c cQt thi ACAD se sao
cae ct sang phai, cho sO' am sao sang tniL
Vi d", hlnh 3-10
Restangular or Polar array(R!P)<R.>: R
Number of raws< ... >: 2
Number of columns< ... >: 4
Unit cell or distance betwen raws: 25
Distance bet wen columns: 30
qua sao mang nhu hinh sau:

o
000
mnh 3-10
<cho s6 hang HI. 2>
<cho s6 cQt la 4>
<cho khoang each cac hang la 25>
<cho kholmg each cac ct 111. 30>
IDnb 3-11
c6 the ",0 mimg nghieng di mt g6c bADg c'ch sit d\Ulg -bien h th6ng SNAPANG
trong lenh SETV AR, xem hlnh 3-11-
+ Nu dap dong nhac P: sao chep mang trOD, va ban th4n dOi ruqrig sao co the
kh6ng quay quay di 1 gOc b<.m mu6n:
Restangular or Polar array(R/P)<R>:
Center point of array: .
Number of itenns:
Angle to fil1<360>:-
Rotate object as they are copied?<Y>:
P
<cho tam mang trbn>'
<cho s6 d6i tuQllg se sao ra>
<cho g6c dien cUy toan mang>
<co quay d6i tUQIlg khi sao chep
kh6ng YIN 1>
DUm day 13. VI dl,l mang tron co s6 d6i tUQIlg <W sao (itenns) 1ii 5, gOc dien day
33
toan mang la 160
0
va trong khi sao khong quay d6i hlqng, va hlnh sau co quay doi lUqng
(hlnh 3-12).
Hlnh goc Sao mang kh6ng xoay
Hinb 3-12
-
Sao m<'mg :(Oay 1 goc
3.4. CRiNR V A TRAY DOl
FILLET
4nh nay de ve m9t cung tron noi tiep giua d.c thfing hay cac duang tron.
* each g9i lnh FILLET tll Menu:
,--------------------,
Screen Menu> EDIT> Pillet
Menu Bar> CONSTRUcr > Fillet
* Go lnh tir phfm:
Command: fillet
Polyline/Radius/<Select first object>:
Tnilai dOng nhiic nay co 3 truang h<JP: .
+ OlQn R: nghia la b<;ln se cho ban kinh cung tron noi tiep cfin ve, ACAD se nhiic tiep:
Enter fillet radius: <cho gia tri ban kinh cung noi titp>
Gia tr, ban kfnh cung noi titp do se du<JC giu mai cho toi khi cho gia tr! moi. B<;tn
co the cho ban kfnh cung noi tiep bang vic cho 2 diem.
+ ChQn P: nghia la b<;ln muon ve noi tiep dc phan do<:,n clla Polyline bili cae cung tron
co cung oo.n kfnh. Neu pha.n dO<;ln nao la cung tron thl se duQ'c thay bang mQt cung tron- co
oo.n kinh bang ban kinh cung noi tiep, xem hlnh 3-13. .
I
1-
I I
I I
I
-'-
I
)

a.Hinh,g6c b. Sau Fillet-P
Hioh 3-11
+ N6i tip 2 duimg:
dap dong nhk tren bang vic chi vao 2 duang can noi tiep, 2 phAn dO<;ln eua
1 polyline, thi ACAD se ve 1 cung tron noi tiep v6i ehling. Chli y rang cae diem b<;ln chi ra
a tren cae duang se la cac tiep
34
IDnh 3-14 minh hQa do:

"
Jl
,0
.,.

'\.J
'\..J"
E
"
E
E
II
U
.,.
'U
'U
.,.

.,.
Hinh 3-14.
CHAMFER
nay de ve duemg vat giil'a 2 dllOng da cho.
'" each gQi CHAMFER tir Menu:
Screen Menu> EDIT> Cbamfer
Menu Bar > CONS'IRUCf > Chamfer
'" Go lnh tir ban phim:
Command: chamfer
PolylineiDistance/<Select tiest line>:
+ Trlt. lai D: Djnh nghia do'.l" vat cho 2 dllemg tha.ng, vi dl:l nhu sau (hloh 3-15):
Enter first chamfer distance< ... >: 6 <cho khoang vat tha 1>
Enter second chamfer distance< ... >: 10 <cho khoang vat thu 2>
Command: chamfer
Polyline/Distance/<Select fiest object>: PI
Select second object: P2
Ke"t qua chamfer trong vi d1,l chi ra tren hlnh 3-15.
Hlnh glk
P2
P'
P Pl
Chi v!lo cae di V<it
Hinh 3-15.
<chi vao dUOng 1 >
<chi vao duemg 2>
K!t qua.
35
Tni loi P: de vat cho da Polyline.
Truimg hqp nay gi6ng nhu lnh FILLET.
Chu y: Neu bl,m Ilfy cll) dai vat bflng 0 (mij.C djnh), thllnh
nay co laC dl,1ng keo doli cae duemg th&ng cho nhau Wi I diem
coo, xem hinh 3-16.
OFFSET
4nh nay dung t'.l-O ra duemg moi song song
voi duemg da co, hay vi "11,1 v6i mt dUOng cong,
mQt Polyline cho truOe va each duemg cO mOt dO<;ln
tuy y.
* Cach g<;>i OFFSET til Menu:
\
,--------------------,
Screen Menu> EDIT> Offset
Menu Bar > CONSTIWcr > Offset
* G6 til ban phim:
Command: offset
Hinh3-16
Offset distance or through< ... >: <cho khoang each, hay cho 1 dil!m
offset toi: through>
36
+ Neu cho khoang cach b<;ln tiep tl,lc tra loi:
Select object to offset: <ch<;>n d6i tuqng offset bang chi diim>
Side to offset: <ch<;>n diem beft ky ve phfa hlnh thanh duemg m6i>
+ Neu ch<;>n Through:
Through point: <cho diem rna duemg m6i di qua>
Vi d1,l sau day mo tii qua tdnh offset mOt duemg Polyline, hlnh 3-17.* DIVIDE
Hinh g6c
DIVIDE
-
X P2
Pl
.
. .
0l9n cl6i tuqng Offset Clio .diim rnA
dutmg rnm di
Hinh 3-17
Lnh nay chia dO':1n duemg thanh cac phfin bang nhau.
* Cach g<;>i lnh DIVIDE-til Menu:
e-
.---------------------,
Screen Menu> EDIT> Divide ,
Menu Bar > CONSlRUcr > Divide
* G6 lnh tir ban phim:
Command: divide
P2
Pl
Kt qua
Select object to divide:
<Number of segments>/Block:
<ch<;>n d6i tuqng bang chi diim>
<cho sQ do<:tn chia>
+ Nt'!u b<.1.fi tni Uri B: Truang hqp nay b<:tn da nghia cac kh6i (BLOCK) vi nhll:
DIEM, DOAN, VUONG, v.v ... rna muOn chen block vao cac diem chia;khi d6ACAD nhac
nha tiep:
Block name to insert: <go ten Block vao>
Align block with object <V>: <sap Block g6m cac diem chia tren d6i
tuqng YIN>
Number of segments: <cho s6 chia>
Ch6 y: Sau khi dung Inh DIVIDE rna bl.lH kMng nhin th!lY cae Jh';m chia, tlic \a rt>ng diem ehia de
rnl}e d!nh (0), n6 bang hay nho ho'Il r(lng dut'mg net viS. B':ln dn x;k dinh hlnh kich thuOc diem
boi I?nh POINT.
CHANGE
DUng lnh CHANGE co the thay d6i cac Hnh cha:t sau day clla d6i t\:Jqng ve:
- Mall sac
- Kieuduang
- D nang len clla Polyline, hay d day net Polyline 3D
- Ldp ve vv ...
each g9i CHANGE til Menu:
* Go lnh til ban phim:
Screen Menu> EDIT> Change
Menu Bar > MODIFY > Change
Command: change
Select Object: <eh<;m d6i tlll;mg dn thay d6i>
Properties/<Change point>: <dap P, cho diem>
+ ChQn P: B<:tn se thay d6i dllqt: tinh vI! ma.u sac, d cao, lap ve, dllang net...
ella d6i tllqng ve, ACAD se nhac nh6 tip de b<.m chQn:
OJ.ange what property(ColorlElev/Layer/L'IypefThicness)7:
Chli y: bl!Jl deli dut'mg rna ehua thllY hi?n ra, hiiy g9i I?nh LTSCALE de tiing hay giam tY I?
Neu vao diem (] dong tren kia: ACAD eoi ditm d6 la diem de thay d6i vi tri cAe d6i tm;mg
ve nhu: line, circle, text, block, attribute. TOe dl,mg Lhay d6i vOi timg d6i tuqng ve sau khi cho diem CP 18

- Line; thi. dAu m'l1t eua dlti'alg .thing: g4n
CP siS chuyin ten CP. ., .
- Circle: blin k{n!l ",brig tron'dii c,hqn Se'tluly
d6i sao cho wng tron m6i di qua dibn 'CP' Yia sift
nguyen lAm eu.
- lext: diem CP se vi tn mOi, ban AD
Enter thl ACAD eho bl,Ul thay dOi duqc kifuch\t, dQ
eao, g6c xoay, n(li dung Text.
- Attribute: eling c6 the thay d6i duqc
Attribute gi6ng nhu Text.
- Block: ditm CP trd thanh vi tn mm cua
Block, Enter tiep thl c6 tM thay d6i duqt:
g6e xoay ella Block.
Chli thkh: CO thay d6i durmg. Vi
dl;l khi eho CP thl cae dUCmg thang khac nhau se W
Il.Ii diem CPd6, xem hlnh 3-18.
a
ffinh g6c
,
a
b
Sau Qlangc-CP
Hinh 3-18
37
Chu thleh: ACADl2 con e6 DDCH-
PROP de bi.1n lhay d6i de tinh ella d6i luqng qUH
hQp tho,!-i nhl1 hlnh 3- 19.
DDEDIT (Dynamic Dialogue Edit)
Lnh nay de thay d6i n(:li dung dong ky

u;-..... =t.
I ... I '<"""''''000,"
H,t (Text) va thu(>c tfnh (Attribute) da co.
* Crich gQi DDEDIT Itt Menu:
'"'<" "" [,_.... ")
r-",.", I iJJ!!W
I Screen Menu> EDIT> DDedit I
* Go Jnh tir ban phim:
Command: ddedil
Hlnh 3-19: HOp Iho<l.i
ACAD 12.
lnh DDCHPROP eua
<SeJect a TEXT or ATIDEF object >/Undo:
B<.ln Ira Jbi TEXT hay ATTDEF thl I troug 2 h(>p thof.l.i sau day hin ra, hinh 3-20a,b:
Edit AtllilJule CI
Edit Text T." 1m
Text lB.
Prompt
Defnult: Lit 9,,''-.' , =:;:;==,---:;---,, _ _ __ --'
IJD I cencell
OK Cllncel I
Hlnh 3-20a: H{)p tho,!-i "Edil Text". H"lnh 3-20h: H{)p Ihm.li "Edit Alllibutc Ddinition".
PEDIT (Polyline Edit)
Lnh nay co the hiu chinh da luyen (Polyline).
* each gQi PEDIT ttT Menu:
,-------------------,
* Go Inh tit phim:
Screen Menu> EDIT> Pedit
Menu Bar > MODTFY > Pedit
Command: pedit
Select polyline: <ChQIl Polyline dn hiu chinh>
C losel J oi n/Wid Ih/Ed i I V erlex/Fi liS p lin el Deell vel
LtypeGen/Undo/eXik. .. >:
dong nhac nay Close duqc thay bang Open neu Polyline dang dong kin. cac chuc
nang do co y nghla nhu sau:
+ C: dong kin da tuyen dang ha;
+ 0: xoa phein cu6i clmg cua Polyline rna da tuyen;
+ J : dlta cae cung tron, dO<;ln lhang m(>t Polyline khac van vai Polyline co
InJoC;
+ W: de lhay deli be r(lng net ve coa Polyline;
+ F: sua dtremg Polyline da co thanh dUO'ng cong tran dtiu di qua cae dinh cua Polyline
do.
B,,11 co the taroc huong tiep tuy6n t<;ti 1 dlnh, thl dLTOng cong t<;to thanh se tiep
IUiong tiep tuyen d6. ..
38
. + S: st'ta Polyline thanh duemg cong trem c6 the dieu khitn dugc til cac dinh clla Polyline
nhl1 la cac khung. B"lO chi ra cang nhieu dinh thi. dUCmg cong cang nhan
hem. ffinh dl16'i dAy chi fa S,! khac nhau clla dUCmg cong hi.nh thanh do Fit va do Spline,
hlnh 3-21:
CO thi t<;to thanh dl1emg eong Spline 2 hay 3. cae bien h th6ng dung dieu
khien hlnh duimg Spline la SPLINETYPE. Nu bien SplineType nay 5 thl
Spline t<;to thanh la 2; eon bien gia tri 6 thi Spline sf: e6 3. Bien h th6ng
SPLINESEGS xac dinh so dO<;tn tMng dung ve thanh duemg Spline, s6 cang Urn thl Spline
cang (gia tr. dinh la '8). Bien SPLFRAME gia tri dinh 0 thi. kh6ng xuat
hin dUCmg khung Polyline; neu la:y gia tri 1 thi khung sf: ra eung v6i duemg Spline,
xem h'inh 3-21.
ffinh g6c Fit Spline 2 Spline 3
Blnh 321
+ D: de dua cae duemg cong sau khi Fit hay Spline tn1 ve d<;tng ban d6ng thai lam
tat d. d.e phAn dO<;tn Polyline.
+ L: v6il,!a chQn nay la ON(1) th'i duemg net hin thai se eh<;ty deu tren
phAn do<;tn cua Polyline; con neu OFF(O) th'i net dai se du<;1C bat da.u va ket thue
tUng dinh cae phan sau dAy la s,! khac nhau clla mt Polyline ve net ehilm
trong 2 trltimg hqp do, hlnh 3-22.
,.
-
,.
-
.I \ t'
,
r
J
L.-,
{
,
1",_.1 1._ . .,
. .
. .
1 1
l._._ . . _._.J
'-'-'-'
._.-.-.
Blnb 3-22
+ U: huy b6 thao tAc vila th'iC
+ X: kt thuc PEDIT.
_ ......
+ E: hiu ehinh tren cac dinh eua Polyline. Khi chQn "E" ACAD danh dau "x" qi dinh
dau tien eua Polyline. Neu b<;tn xac dinh them huang tuyen eho dinh nay thi se xuat hin
1 miIi ten theo hudng d6. B<;t.n can tra lai dong sau khi ehQn "E":
39
NextiPreviouslBreaklinsertiMove/RegenlSlraighlenl
TangentIWilh/eXil<N>:
Ok h!a chQn d6 co y nghia nhu sau:
- N va P: de di chuyen danh da':u "x" tm dinh k sau (Next) hay t6'i dinh truac d6
(Previous).
- B(break): de x6a giila 2 dinh danh dau "x". ACAD ghi nha dinh danh dfu "x"
thu 1 va nhac nha tiep:
NextlPrevious/Go/eXit<N>: <chQn N hay P de chuyen dau "x" tdi
dlnh thll 2>
Tiep theo go "0" de x6a gifra 2 dinh danh dAu "x". Con neu chQn "X" se
ket thue Break de trb ve chuc nang Edit Vertex.
- reinsert): dtS' chen them dinh m6i vao Polyline, ACAD nhac nha tiep:
Enter new location of new vertex: <cho diem>
Sau khi cho diem vao, ACAD ve Polyline co dinh nua, hinh3-23.
I
I
J
,
Diem CU
.'
X
I Diem moi
.2
I
I
I
J
Hlnh3-23
- M(move): dOl dinh da danh da'u t6i ehb khac.
- S(straighten): de thay the cae ph1n dO'.ln nam giiia 2 dinh da danh da'u bang mt dO'.ln
thing, hinh 3-24.
Hinh g6c Danh d!u 2 dinh PI, P2
Hinb 324
Ktt qua
- T(tanggent); chi ra hl1<mg tiep 4.i dinh dang danh d5u de thl!C hin chuc nang
Fit, sau do dap dong
Direction of tangent: <cho g6c xac d!nh hl100g tuyen>
- W(width): thay be r(mg pha.n dOi,ln Clla Polyline a ngay sau dinh danh d5u "x"
- R(regent): thiet li,li Polyline va cac thay d6i, thl1Cmg dung sau Width.
- X(eXit): thoat khoi chuc nang Edityertex tro ve PEDIT.
40
ehU y: Nt!"u ch9n dOl).n thiing hay cung tron khOng dugc 'Ie bCri Inh Polyline, ACAD siS nh.k
Entity selected is not a polyline. <h"inh dii ch9n khOng phai polyline>
Do you want it to tum into one?<Y>: mu6n n6 tra thanh Polyline khoogYfN '1>
HIEU CHiNH DUNG KIj:P GRIP
Khi nao tren man hlnh xuA"t hin () vu{)ng nhb(Pick bOx) t .... i giao clla 2 sqi
)c(Cross hair), b .... n co ch(;m d6i U1l11lg ve de hiu chinh bllng GRIP. Sau khi chQn
6i tugng bang d.ch nhay vao d6i tl1Q'11g, cac 6 vu6ng nho mau xua't hin tren cac diem
it cua d6ituqng (blnh 3-25).

o
H"inb 3-25
Sau d6 b .... n chi con tro vao mt () vu{)ng Grip d dinh dn hiu chinh r6i an phfm pick
:hut, 6 vu6ng do se d6i mau khac va ACAD xem d61a cd sa hiu chinh. Cac
:n..tOng hqp chinh v6"i GRIP g6m:
+ STRETCH mode: keo dan tir diem cd sa da ch(;m tm khac. B .... n a'n pblm Pick
vao mt 6 v\i6ng Grip lam diem C.d sa, sau do ACAD dua ra dong nhu sau:
** STRETCH **
<Stretch to point>/Base point/Copy(Undo/eXit:
Nc!u b .... n cho 1 a mt V! tri mm, d6i tU(]ng ve da chQn.se duqc keo rit tir diem Cd
sa tai diem mai do (hinh 3-26). Chon B(Base) do! xac dinh diEm co sa khk Chon C(Copy)
sao chep d6i tUl1Ilg.
I
I
I
I
Hlnh 3.16
I
P2
I
+ MOVE mode: M dap l .... i dong nhac ** STRETCH ** go "Mf> se xuftt hin dong
,nh:ic MOVE Mode: .
** MOVE*'"
,
<Move to point>/Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit: <cho diem dfch Wi>
+ ROTATE mode: b .... n go "RO" dap nhac" ** STRETCH **" se co dong nhac
d6i voi ROTATE mode nhu sau:
4
** ROTA1E **
<Rotate angle>! Base point/Copy/Undo!eXit: <cho gOc quay>
+ SCALE mode: go "SC" dAp dong nhac ",** SfRETrn **", xua't dong nhac
sau:
<Scale factor>/Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit: <cho s6 ty >
+ MIRROR mode: go HM!" dip dong ohic H" SIRETCH " thl ACAD nhic tiep:
<Second point>/Base pointlCopy/Undo/eXit: <cho-diem>
Diem vila cho cung v6'i diim cd Sd hlnh thanh d6i xU'ng._Sau do thu
hlnh d6i Xll'ng cua d6i nrqng ve da ch<;ln, nhung d6i tuqng co bi xoa di. Mu6n d6i tugng co
khOng bi xoa, chQn diem thu 2 clla tn..zc d6i xU'ng cach dung chu"t chi dibn thu 2
trong khi dang {in Shift. Dtroi da.y la hlnh ve minh hQa la"y d6i x6ng clla hlnh dung ktfp
GRIP va [n Shift M vao dibn tM 2, hlnh 3-27.
P1
Chuy:
1. Di,x6a GRIP, blm an Ctrl+C 2 lb.
2. C6 Jnh DDGRIPS di co ht>p thol,li ct19n d6ng/ma, ddi mall, ci1 b vu6ng GRIP.
3.5. HUY BO

nay eM huy b6 thao Ule vim tht;rc xong.
Command: u
Neu dung nhiiu liln U so Ian IUQI huy bO thyc tru(;c d6 $eo
thu h! ngu<;1C 1<,1i.
UNDO
nay bUy bit d6ng thlli I hie tac.dt)ng eua nhit:' tru(;c d6.
Command: undO. .
AuIo/Bac:kJCoDlrolfEntlfGruplMark< ... >:
+ Neu go siS n' Ibl ACAD se bUy bO n trUoc d6, Nang It! nhu ban dilng
U nhi6u bin.' .
+ DUng Mark va Back: '!hIUc tien ban Mark M danh Mu vila di sau nay
can co the UNDO trll v6 Wi d6 bang chQn ,Back. co the dUng Mark: d nhitu vi tri, sau
d6 Back se trO tm vi tri' glin nhitt, va tiep tt;lc teri. khi kh6ng con vi tri danh ditu nao, se
thOng bao:
This will undo everything. OK?<Y>:
Neu dap "Y" se trd ve thoii bah dfuI md ban ve; tTa 1m "N" se IX> qua chuc
nang Back.
42
+ OtQn Group va End: hie la nh6m tnrac do dugc coi la khi dung
U hay UNDO. Group bM d!u, End I. kl!t thUc nhom.
Chii y: C6 s6 khOng U UNOO d11t;JC, nhula: AREA, DBUSf, DELAY, END,
FILES, HELP, 10, USf, QUIT, SCRIP, SAVE, SfATIJS, WBWCK, ... CO lnh chua Inh U va
UNDO rieng.
REDO
REDO du<;'C dung ngay sau khi dii dung U hay UNDO de kh6ng th\lc U
hay UNDO nua.
Command: redo
3.6. cAc TRA c(ru
LIST
4nh nay cho xem dil quan den d6i tUQT1g vi!.
Command:. list
Select object: (chQn d6i tugng dn tra diu)
DBLIST (Data Base List)
Lnh nay ke cae thOng tin cua tit ca cae yeu t6 tren ban vi!.
* Oich gQi LIST' va DBLISI' tlr Menu:
Screen Menu> INQUIRY> List! Dblist
G6 til ban phfm:
Command: dblist
ID
Lnh nay xac dinh tQa diem chi tren man hinh.
*' each gQi ID tu Menu:
Screen Menu> INQUIRY> ID
>I< Go lnh til ban phim:
Command: id
Point: (chi ra 1 diem)
x= y= z=
DIST (Disiance = khoang each) .
4nh nay dung dt do khoang cAch giUa 2 diem, do gOc vlt giA tti djch choyin lUaIIg dili
l!.x, I!.y, I!.z .
each g9i DIST til Menu:

Screen Menu > INQUIRY> Dist
* Go tU ban phim:
Command: dist
First point: (cho diim.thu n
Second point: (cho ditm tM 2)
Distance =
Angle in xy plane =
Angle from xy plane=
Delta x = Delta Y = Delta z =
43
AREA lich)
Lnh nay doh din ticb, chu vi eua hmh kin .
C3ch gQi AREA til Menu:
rl-Sc-ree-n-M'-e-n-U->-IN-Q-U-IR-Y->-Ar-e-a'
* Go lnh tU ban phim:
Command: area
<First point>/Entity/ Add/Substruet:
cae tn\. Uri dOng nhlic oay:
+ Nu b:ilO cho (First point), ACAD coi nhu b'.lo tloh din tichcua 1 da giac
luge ve tit diem nay. va nhac
Next point: <Yao tiep theo>
Next point:
Next point: .J
Area = Perimeter =
+ 01<;>0 E: b'.lll ch(;m Polyline d.l1Cmg tron de Hoh din tich. chu vi. Neu Polyline he
,thl ACAD d6ng kin Mng 1 dO<)ll r6i mm doh.
+ O1Qn A (add = them): dung IlP ehQn nay ACAD so tinh tiep va them vao
tich, chu vi da tjoh tnl't1C do co din tich toan mm.
+ O1Qn S (substruct = triI di): lUang tl! nhu chQn A, nhung i1 day tinh
Vi dl.l: Tinh din rich t.bn kim
(philn g(iCh cMo) nhu hinh 3-28.
44
Command: area
<First poinl>/Entity/Add/
Substruct: A (<It tinh t6ng)
<First poinl>/Entity/Add/
Substruct: E (chQn d6i
tuQng tinh lich)
(ADD mode) Select circle or
polyline: (chi vAo d.ronS
Polyline I) Hlnh 3-28
Area = 6213.72 Perimeter=314.2:i
Total area = 6213.72
(ADD mode) Select circle or polyline: .J
<First poinl>/Entity/Add/Sobstruct: S <lit linll
<First poinl>/Entity/Add:E <chQn d6i IUQflg tinh>
(SUBSIRUCT mode) Select circle or polyline: <chi wo du1mg trim 2>
Area = 1256.64 Perimeter = 125.66
Total area = 4957.08
(SUBSIRUCT mode) Select circle or polyline: <chi wo du1mg 3>
Area = 300.00 Perimeter = 50.00
Thtal ace. = 4657.08
mode) Select circle or polyline: .J
<First point>/Entity/Add: .J
CHrfONG4
-" - -
DIEU KHIEN MAN HINH
4.1. Li!:NH ZOOM
Lnh ZOOM cho phep thu, phong hioh anh tren mall hlnh rna vAn gill nguyen kich
thu6'c ella cae d6i tuqng tren bim ve.
* each gQi Z09M tir Menu:
,-------------------,
Screen Menu> DISPLAY> Zoom
Menu Bar > VIEW > Zoom
O.25x
1hJOcZOOM Sau ZOOM: O.25X
. Hlrih 4-1,

+ All: de thu toan ban ve ke ca hinh vi! a ngoai giro UMITS da ra man
hinh mt each. ddy duo
+ Center (C): cho phep d.c dinh 1 etta sO chii' chlia phan hloh vi! de hinh. CUa
s6 Day duqc xac b&ng tam va cao ella n6.
45
+ Dinamic (D): IlJa ch9n nay thuemg de ZOOM vm t6c d cao. Sau khi chqn "D"
man hlnh xuat dau "x" d dung tim cua s6. co chqn V! tri dtn xem bang
each di con tro tm do r6i a.n phfm Pick hay Enter se xu at 1 mlii chi vao qmh
elra s6. my gio dung ban phfm di chuy:n con tfO de thay d6i cua 56 xem.
+ Extents (E): hin tat dt hlnh ve fa vita khit man hlnh.
+ Left (L): chQn nay gi6ng CENfER i1 tron, chi kMc la i1 CENfER cOn cho tam
cila s6, con b d1y phiii cho g6c tnli-dum ella cila s6.
+ Previous (P): hin man hinh truac do. co diing lien tiep 10 Ian chuc
nang Pnay.
+ Window (W): co t1i xa.c d!nh mt elm s6 trum vung hlnh ve mu6n xem.
Vung hlnh ve ella ci:ra 56 se dugc ph6ng to hay thu nhb lap man hinh.
4,2. Lj):NH PAN
nay cho phep "trugl:" i'mh teen man hlnh rna kh6ng thay d6i d Ian xem cae
phAn khac ella ban ve iJ phia ngoai man hlnh.
'" each gqi PAN tir Menu:

Screen Menu > DISPLAY> Pan
Menu Bar > VIEW > Pan
'" G6 lnh til ban phlm:
Command: pan
Displacement: <cho g6c, ho{tc d dm>
JK>int: <cho diem thu 2, Enter>
VI Sallday La 2 clch dich chuyen bim ve sang tnii 50 dan vi va xu6ng dum 80 dan
vi, Ktt qua 2 eAch PAN cl6LAnhu nhau (hlnh 4-2).
46
. Command, pari.
b.
Displacement: -50, -80
Second JK>int: . ;.--
+
P'
(lOo,tOO)
Command:
Displacement:
Second JK>int:
PAN
TnIOc PAN
pan
-150, -180
-100, -100
Hinh 4-2
<clio . dln> .
. , ' '. ,; . ".:."
<cho diem g6c>
<cho diem ilili 2>
PI
(150, leO)
PAN
Sau PAN
4.3. LtNH VIEW
khi phili "tnrqt" di. nhieu lin dt xern anh cae philo eua ban ve Ian.
b",n phai si'r dvng nhi6u Hln de lnh ZOOM, PAN, song ACAD dua fa VIEW de
thl!c hin di6u do lqi han.
VIEW cho ph6p ten vi'!. hru 1 d.nh (1 phAn ban ve), sao nay co the dua
doh d5. luu fa man hlnh bat ca hlc nao.
* each gQi lnh VIEW tir Menu:

Screen Menu> DISPLAY> View
* Go lnh tit bim'phfm:
Command: view
? lDeletelRestore/SaveIWindow: <cae Iva chQn xern dum day>
View name:
Y nghia cae tily chQn a dong nhac tren nhl1 sall:
+ ? : de ke fa ten cae phfu anh(View) d3: d!nh nghia;
+ D: xoa bO phfin aoh d5. djnh nghia;
+ R: dl1a 1 ph<in imh da co fa man blob;
+ W: dung ella 86 de xac dinh m()t phan inh. ten va 1l1U l<i1i.
4.4. LENH REDRAW
Lnh nay dung de tar t.;to man hinh va x6a di cae dau "+" (dau Blip) co tren ban ve.
* each gQi REDRAW tu Menu:
,--------------------,
Scnren Menu > DISPLAY> Redraw
Menu Bar > VIEW > Redraw
* Go lnh til ban phim:
Command: redraw
4.5. LtNH REGEN
Gi6ng nhu Inh REDRAW, nhung Inh REGEN ghi toan ban ve, cho nM thOi
gian Iii tto Hiu han nhung an toan han .
each gQi Inh nay tit Menu gi6ng nhu gQi REDRAW iJ tren.
* Go lnh tu bi'm phim:
Command: regen
4.6. LtNH DRAG MODE
ACAD cho phOp leOO It (Drag) rn(lt s6 d6i tugng vo tren hlnh, d6ng \hOi hin ra cac
d6i tugngd6 bAng mltu trang(White) de b"" quan sat duqc qua trlnh leeo Ie. c6 the dieu
khien che'd rna hay tfit DRAG nhu sau:
Command: dragmode
ON/OFF/Auto< ... >:
4.7. LtNH VIEWRES
(OlQn ON: kOo It dUg<:; OFF: bO che' keo
Ie; Auto: che' leo It H! khi
nay dung de ch ZOOM nhanh va de chI! d<;l phan giai cho ducmg trim.
47
.... each gQi VIEWRES ti'r Menu:
,--------------------,
Screen Menu> DISPLAY> Viewres
Go lnti til ban phim:
Command: Vlewres
Do you want fast Zoom?<Y>: <c6 Zoom nhanh kh6ng YIN?>
Enter circle zoom percent (1-2000)<100>:
Duang tron duQC ve bang da giac dl!u nQi co tIi cho s6 Clla da giac vao
dOng nh!lc tren. S6 qnh cho cang 160 (1 -:- 2000) thl duemg tron dUQ'c ve ra cang mtn. Vi
b hlnh 4-3a, s6 da giac Ia 20, hlnh 4-3b chQIl s6 HI. 1000, ta th!iy ro dQ m!n clla
hai duemg tron rat kM.c nhau.
a. 56 Cf,l.l1h da gilk 20 b: 56 da giac 1000.
IDnh 43
48
,
CIWONG5
G.I;\CH CAT. GHI KicH THlJOC.
_i _ .,_
VIET CHO CHO BAN VE
5.1. GACH MAT ckr
ACAD su dung Jnh HATCII hOflC BHATCH de vc "5' V<.\ , dt,
tOlmng b6 Mien 10 tlufong kin. Cic mfi u (Paltcrn) g<,lch sqc dlIqc chl'ra
Irong fil e acad.pal(*). HATCH vii BIIATCH c6 lrong ACADI2 dung de g'.lch
cat; Jnh BIIATCII (Boundary Halch) dllllg de hop Ihm,li de' b',1Il !L,ra chQn mau g<.tch,
"iell g;)ch vv ...
5.1.1. BHATCH
... Cich gQi BIIATCII Iii Menu:
Screen Menu > DRAW > Bhalch
Menu Bar > DRAw > Bhalch
* Go Ilr bim ph'm:
Command: bhatch
Sau khi enler, h<)p thoi;li "Boundary lIalch" xlI,i! 11In nhL( sau:
Pattern: No hatch panern selected.
Hatch -Pettons... I
Define Hatch ArCI!
fick Points < I
rl --:OViC"'w--.,.,"'"C",,-:,-:c'o.,-'''-."C<----,
L-__ .. __ __ __ .J
Apply I Cancel I I I
I He'p ... 1
IIlnh 51: II Op tho,u "Ikmnd'lry I hl1ch':
Trcn hop Ihoai do, de 6 co y nghia nhu sau:
a. lIatch option
8:;1.0 hilY {Ill ph'ln Chll()llnii (phfm Pi ck) V;IO 0 nay de chQn m;1lI (Pattcm) va ki t u (Style)
g;:tch sqe. Sau do h6p tho<;li phI;! xu{\'t hi en nhu hinh 5-2.
(*) Trong acad.pat Clla AUloCAI) co nhitu mJu gach khac voi lieu chuiHl Nam. T:k gi,l dii
viet cae cong thlre theo TCVN Ban dn xin he voj tac gi.i, dic.n 869.3418
+ 6 Pattern Type
S<,lch): Irong 0 nily e6 2 dong
Iva chQn :
- Stored ',latch Pattern:
ch<;>n dc g'.lch da duac
Jtru trrr lrong ACAD. ban [in
V;LO vong tron a dau dong. Sau
d6 fin phllll pick vao 6
"Pallem .. .' sc e6 bdng cae
1ll.'1I du e6 nlnr hlnh 5-3. San
hay an (Click) v;m ndu n: .. o
b',111 ch<;>n va OK. then
b<,ln cho IY 1 vilo dong
"Scalc", g6c nghicng dlfl1ng
s<;>c vao dong "Angle" iJ
phla dm]i clla h(lp Iho',li
"Halch Option", r\cu nluJ len
m:'ill, h<,ln chuytn con Iro 16i 6
ben ph"l i dong "PaHcrn" vi:I go
Illi'iU vao,
- User Defined Pall ern:
neu ban danh dli"tL vong
tron 0 (Mu dOllg "User
Defined Pattern" co dinh
nghia ml)t g,-,Ieh dan gi .in
vai die thOng s6 nhu sau:
Angle: eho g6c nghicng
de dltOng gaeh,
Spacing: cho khming eaeh
girra 2 duong g:,lch kt! nhau.
Double lIatch: S<,Ich '.'!
1',10 thimh 6 IUai,
Sau do ban i.11l OK kc'l
Ihue vic d!nh nghia m,hl
S4.\eh nuli.
+ 6 Hatching Style:
g<,1ch) sau khi chQn m.iu
g<,lch (Pattern), b:,lIl Ira l<;ti hl)p
Halch Oplions
Hatching Styte-----,
M,ormal
Pattern Type-------,
Siored tiaLch PaLLern
P,n,," lUI 0 2"", 9
1 ... 1 LO_'::. '"_"_,, _____ --'
Scale: 1,,0000
Angle:
10 I 0 Exploded HaLch

I I 0 D ubI!!" 1I;!\t:h
Existing Halch (
OK 1 Cancel I
Hmh 51: 116p thO"li "Hal\;h Options"
. .. .. -.
LLLLLLL
LLLLLLL
LLLLLLL
!-LLLLLL
Choose Hatch Pettern
NOTE: patterns not to scate.

ANSI34 ANSI35 ANSI36 ANSI37
amO.
ANSI3B AR-BB16 AR-BB16C AR+BBB
II." I I Cancel I
Hinh 5-.1: 110p Iho:,11 "Choo,c Hutch 0plions",
"I-Ialeh Oplion" de chQIl kieu g<,lch sQC (Style) a 0 "Hatching Style" a ben phai.
Co 3 gi)ch:
- N (Normal): day la kieu ma sau khi chQIl nhit!u duong bac thl cill dl1<;'C 10 tu duong
ngoai cung (s6Ie) toi duOnS bilo kc tiep, sau d6 khtlng g',lch cho 16i dtrons bao tier theo h.li
S<,lch vv .. , (hlnh 5-4a),
0 (Outer): voi kieu nay. cal chi du(1C t6 IU dl10ng ngolli dillS loi duong Irong k6
n6 ma IhOi (hlnh 5-4b).
- I (Ignore): cJ.1 se du(1C Itl tu dUOng bao ngoai cung va phil bO ben lrong. bO
qua cac dlCOng bao mim Irong da du(1C chon (hinh 5-4c).
Chu y: han kh6ng chi m gach n;lo, ACAD chlln mac dmh N
50
0). Normal b).O ... ler c).lgnore
Hinh 5-4
+ () exploded Hatch: (phan ra kh6i gl,lch sQc)
Tilt d cac duang sQc duqc xem nhu mqt kh6i (Block). Khi mu6n kh6i do Ira
thanh dc dtrang rieng bit, b':lfl danh dau 6 vuong nho dau dong "Exploded Hatch".
la.m diell do, cling co the dung Inh EXPLODE sau khi dii roi.
+ () copy existing Hatch: sao cMp mall d5.
Sau khi da chQn xong mau (Pattern), kieu (Style) sQc Irong hqp thm.li "Halch
Option", b<.l11 an OK dong hQp nay, tro ve hQp chfnh "Boundary Hatch".
Bay gia dn chon liep mien ke sQc IU dong "Define Hatch Area" bhng hai c;:"ich
nhL! sall:
b. 0 Pick Point
B'.lll Click chuqt vao 6 nay, ACAD nhk chQIl I diem trong vllllg kin dn g'.lch:
Select intcral point: <eho I di6m a ben (rong mien din g<.tch>
ACAD se tlf dQng dlfng I Polyline kin bao quanh mien nay va g<;lch (hlnh 5-5).
Cit.:. y: Sau khi b4n chQIl I diC:m trollg miell gf.ICh, ACAD si! di'! 11m (\wJng bao giln no nhat M dl!ng lhimh
dubng bao Polyline eho miCn g,!cli. Neu di6m d6 b ngoai dlIung I!m th<"iy. ACAD s;: Ihollg bilO ri1ng: Poin1 is
outside of boundary (diem chc,m b Ilgoai dlIong bao).
x
Pick oint
Chon g'.lch
Hi.nh 5-5
Hinh 5-6 chi ra ding diem chQn PI a trong dtrang
Iron, nhlmg gan dU'ang bao hlnh vuong han, eha nen
ACAD se thong bao rang diem a ngoai duong bao.
hay chQIl 11;li.
B<.tn cung co the chQn Pick point a mifn trong cung
trU'ac roi chQn Pick Point ra mi6n ngoai sau. VI tren
hlllh 5-6, dau tien b<;ln co the chQn Po Irong hlnh vuong,
roi P2 a ngoai hlnh vuong.
c. Select object
Neu click phfm chut vao 6 nay ChQll cac duang

2)
llinh 5-6
51
baa cua g<;lch sQc, b<;tJl dung dc each chQn d6i tuqng de tra 10i dong nhi1c "Select
object:" .
d. View sellections
Nhan ph{m chu('lt vao 0 nay xem cac duong bao da chQn a tren.
e. Preview Hatch
ChQn 0 nay xem tru'Oc vung g<;lch dft duqc nhu y chua.
r. Advanced Options ... : cac chue nang nang cao.
g. Apply
B<;ln a:n vao () nay, ACAD se ap ta:t cae h!a chQn SQC da a tren vao ban ve va
kt thue BHATCH.
h. Anolher
Bt click vao 0 nay, h"p chinh "Boundary Hatch" ra de: b,.m tien hanh
s(Jc khac .
Anh huimg cua cac dutmg g<;lch sQc tm dong Text, Attribute, Solide
Khi chQn ca .. c duemg bao mien g'.lch, b'.ln chQn d. cac d6i tuqng nay, thi cac dut'mg
SQC se tI! d"ng ngat di khi chung; trit khi ch(Jn la "l"(Ignore).
Vi df:.l: G'.lch cat cho h'inh
Ve tren hinh 5-7 a tren, sao cho cac
duemg g'.lch kh{)ng de len chi} "Ban
may". B'.ln hay tam nhu sau:
Command: bhatch
- Trong h('lp "Boundary
Hatch" hay chi vao "Hatch Option"
va chQn Pattern la ZIGZAG, chQn
Scale = 24. Angle = 0 va an OK.
- Trong hp tho'.li "Boundary
Hatch", hay chi vao () "Select
MInh 5-7
object", sau do chI vao dong chu "BAN MAy" va a:n Enter. Tra liili h('lp thoiili "Boundary
Hatch" chQn mien g'.lch bang "Pick point", cu6i cling la "Apply". Kt qua S<;lch nhu
hinh 5-7 a tren. -
52
5.1.2. HATCH
'" Okh gQi lnh HATCH tu Menu:

Screen Menll > ORA W> Hatch
Menu Bar > DRAW > Hatch
C'. _ - , _
GO tit bail phlm:
Command: ' hatch.
Pattern(? or namelUlStyle)< . >:
Bt tre! lai dong rmik do:
+?: ACAD lit ke ra danh sach dc ten Pattern co trong file acad.pat
+ Go ten mao SQC vao: ACAD se hoi tip:
Scale for pattern< ... >: <cho ty l>
Angle for pattern< ... >: <cho goc nghicng dut'mg g'.lch>
+ U: dt d!nh nghla mau dan gian:
Angle for cross hatch line< ... >: <cho gOc nghieng>
Spacing between Line< ... >: <cho khming each cac duemg
Double hatch area?< ... >: <go Y di cheo 2 chi6u nghieng, N - 1 chitu>
+ S: de chon kieu (Style: N. I. 0).
cung co xac dinh kiiu b&ng each them N, I hay 0 vao sau ten mau
s,?c co da'u ph.iy ngan each nhu vi d\,l sau day: '
Command: hatch
Pattern\? or name/U/Style)< ... >: BRICK. 0
5.2. GHI KICH THUOC (DIM)
5.2.1. Caeh ghi kich thuoe
Nhu ta biet kich thu6c g6m 3 thanh
pMn nhu sau: (hlnh 5-8)
. Dlmentlon nne
\
Dimention text
92
1
- Extention line: dUOng dong
- Dimension line: dUOng kich thUdC
- Dimenion text: chu so kfch thu6c
* c.ach gQi DIM tu Menu:
Extention / Ext.nlion
fine i---------i Un.
'.
Screen Menu> DIM
Menu Bar>DRAW> Dimentions
* G5 tu ban phim:
Command: dim dim 1)
Dim:
. Hinh 5-8
lh\ Ibi dong nhiic nay each go 3 chu cai dau ella cae lnh con sau: HORizontal,
VIRtieal. ALIgned. ROTated. ANGular. DIAmeter. RADius. CENter. LEAder. UNDo.
EXIt. Y nghia clla cac con nhu sau:
+ HOR ho;).c VER: de dinh huemg dudng kich thuac nam ngang hay dUng.
+ ALI: duemg kich thuac ttl J!nh huang phil hoP vai d6i tuqng ghi kich thuac.
Vi du: (hlnh 5-9)
Command: dim
Dim: ali
First extention line origin or return to select: .J
Select line, arc, or circle: PI (chi diim tren d6i
tuqng ghi kieh !huGe)
Dimension line location: P2 (chQn diim rna duemg
!cieh thu/Jc di qua)
Dimension text < ... >: <cho chu sO kich thuOc>
+ ROT: dUOng kich thu6c nghieng m<)t g6c so
vai phucmg nam ngang (0).
Vi d
u
: (hlnh5-1O)
Command: dim
Dim: ROT Hinh 59
Dimension Hne angle: -45 (cho goc nghieng cua duemg kich thudc)
rl..{s\. e'l'..\.en\\on \ine ori.gi.n or return to select: PI
Seeond extention line origin: P2
Dimension line location: P3
53
Dimension text < ... >: 40
+ ANG: de! ghi kich thl1ac g6c.
p,
Dim: ANG
Select are, circle, line or RETURN:
- Nell g6c do cuu I cUIIg (Arc): (hlnh 5-l1a) sau khi
chQn cung do, dong nhac theo la: P2
54
Dimension arcc line 10cation(TextfAngle): <cho V!
tri dl1Cmg kich thl16"c>
Dimension text< ... >: <cho chG: s6 kich thl1<Jc> . Hlob 5-10
Enter text location (or RETURN); ho tri Ch[f so kich thl1<Jc>
- Ntu gal' do Iii J 1'/1(111 dilimg trim (Circle): (htnh 5-11 b)
Dim: ANG
Select arc, circle, line or RETURN: <chi vao dl1Cmg tron t<;ti dii::m
dau cung ghi kich thl1<JC PI
Second angle endpoint: <chi diem P2 la mut thli: 2 clla cung ghi kkh thl1<Jc>
Dimension arcc line 10cation(Text/Angle): <vi tri dl1Cmg kich thl1<Jc P3>
Dimension text< ... >: <cho chu s6 kich thl1Ctc>
Enter text location (or RETURN): ho vi tri chG: s6 kich thuCtc>
- Ne'u gOl" xue dfl1h hOi 2 dO(jn ,hang (Line): (hinh 5-l1c)
Dim: ANG
Select are, circle, line or RETURN: <chi vuo dUCmg thu 1: PI>
Second line: <chi vao dl1Cmg thu 2: P2>
Dimension arcc line location(TextfAngle): <vi tri dUCmg kich thl1ac P3>
Dimension text<. .. >: <cho chG: s6 kich thuCtc>
Enter text location (or RETURN): <cho vi tri chG: s6 kich thuac>
P'
Hloh 5-11
- Nell gol' xul' dil/II hOi 3 ditfm (PI, P2, P3): (hinh 5-11d)
Dim: ANG
Select are, circle, line or RETURN: <enter>
Angle vertext: <ch<;m dinh goc>
First angle endpoint: <chQn mut c<;lnh thu 1 >
Second angle endpoint: <ch<;>n mut qInh thu 2>
Dimension arcc line location(Text/Angle); ho tri dU'Cmg kic;h thU'crc P4>
Dimension text< ... >: <cho chu s6 kich thU'crc>
Enter text location (or RETIJRN): <cho vi tri chu s6 kich thU'crc>
+ DIA: de ghi kfch thU'<Jc dU'Cmg kinh cho dm'mg tron hay cung tron.
Dim: Dia
Select arc or circle:
Dimension text< ... >:
Chuy:
<chi vao dU'Cmg tron hay cung tron>
<cho chu s6 kich thm1c>
1- DWng kich thU'l'1e sf di qua diim P dii chi ratren duemg tron (hlnh 5- !2a).
2- Neu Jai dWng k.kh thut1e khOng diJ eho ehu ,,6 k{Ch thuCK: ml.m trong thl ACAD nhflc b,!-n dua
dai dU'oog dan ra (Leader). ehu s6kfch Ihuoe n.im cuoi dUlmg dan nay (hlnh 5-12b):
Enter leader \cngth for text: <eho chit'!u dili dU'ong dan, eho diem E cu6i duUng dan>.
aJ hJ
Hloh 5-12
+ RAD: ghi kfch thU'<]c ban kfnh cung tron t/2
dU'Cmg tron. cac bU'crc ghi cling tU'C1I1g tl! nhU' DIR noi
tren.
Vi du: (hinh 5-13)
Dim:
Select arc or circle:
RAD
<chi viio cung trim
diem PI>
Dimension text< .... >: 30
+ CEN: danh da.'u tAm, dU'Cmg ta.m cho cung trim
dU'Cmg trim. Dl) Um cua da'u tAm dllqc khien qua
bien DimCEN (xem philn cu6i chuang nay).
Dim: CEN
036
E
lfinh 5-13
Select arc or circle: <chi vao dtKmg tron hay cung tron>
R 30
+ LEA: dU'Cm.g dan ra ngoai hinh de ghi kich thU'oc. Khi do ta dn tra 1(:j'i cae chi
dan sau : .
Dim: LEA
Leader start: <cho diem dau dU'Cmg dAn>
To point: <cho tiep theo>
55
To point: .J
Dimension text< .... >: <cho chii so kich thuoc van>
Vi (hlnh 5-14)
Dill): LEA
Leader start: P1
To point: P2
To point: P3
To pOint: P4
To point: .J
+
P2
P3
X-------X
p.,
Dimension text: 50 Hlnh 5-14
}r __ 050
P4
+ CON va BAS (Continue, Rasline): 13. 21nh con de ghi.cac kich thuoc noi tiep nhau
(CON), hoi,ic ghi cac kkh thu6c cung I chua.n (BAS), xem vi duoi dfty.
Vi (hlnh 5-15a)
I: 50 80 1
P 20 iPl I
p2
P3
...
b) Hlnh 5-15
Command: dim
Dill): HOR
First extention line origin or return to select:
Second extention line. origin:
Dimension line location:
Dimension text: 34
Dill): CON
34 32

A
<chQn g6c clla duemg dong thu nh<1't: P>
<chQn g6c clla duemg dong thd hai: P1>
<cho vi tff duemg thuac: A>
Second extention line origin or return to .select: <SOC duimg dong thu hai: P2>
Dimension continue text<32>: .J
Dill): CON
Second extention line origin or return to select: <chQn g6c clla dUCmg dong thu ba: P3>
Dimension continue text<33>: .J
Lnh BAS cling thl,lc woog t'! nhu
CON (hlnh5-15b).
+ ORD (Ordinate): nay dung M
ghi kich thuac theo t;la dQ tll 1 diem
tnmg (Feature)
Dill): ORD
Select feature: <cho diem tnmg -
g6c xuft"t phat: P>
Leader endpoint(X, V): <cho diem
mut Cl'ia dU<mg dan, cho
hoanh d X hay tung dQ Y>
ffinh 5-16 minh h9:t cach ghi kfch thu6c
dung lenh ORD.
56
o
o
p .j
P
(100,
'40)
o
"'
lp"
P1
I
P'2
140
P2
'20
r 1\
105
'-
V
90
Q
Hinh 5-16
5.2.2. Cae ehlnh kich (huac
+ OBL (Oblique): dung M chinh duang
d6ng di so voi khoang each can ghi
kich thuGe cho kfch thuoe da c6 truac. OUI Y
rang lnh nay chi c6 tac d.tJ.ng khi bin
DimASO a tf<;lng thai ON (tue 13, kich thuac
la I kh6i . block).
Vi (hinh 5-17).
Dim: OBL
I 50 I / 50 7
DO
Select object: <ch9n kich thuac da co>
a) Tn.rftc Ohlique
Select object: --l
Enter obliquing angle (RETURN for
none): 60
b) Sau Oblique 60
H1nh 5-17
+ NEWTEXT: thay d6i n(li dung chil s6 kich thuac da co.
Dim: . NEWTEXT
Enter new dimension text: <cho chl1 so kfch thuac mai>
Select object: <chQn chu s6 kkh thuac can thay>
co the dung ky hiu < > sir dl,mg gia tT! kich thulle ACAD do duqc.
+ TEDIT (Text Edit): thay d6i vi tri chu s6 kich thuoc so v6i duemg kich thuac.
Dim: TEDIT
Select dimension: <chQu kich thlIlJc can 'slta>
Enter text location (Left/Right/HomeJAng1e): <cho vi trl chiJ 56 mai: tnii/phai/
mi;ic d!nh/goc xoay>
Hinh 518 minh h<;m cac chiJ so kfch thlIdc trucrc va sau khi dung lEDIT hiu chinh.
60
40
Hinh goe
a)
TEDIT -Ang le20"
b)
Ifmh 518
60
40

TEO IT -L!R
c)
+ HOME TEXT: neu chiJ so kich thuoc: da dai khoi V! trl m?-c d!nh, b':ln muon dua n6
tra ve vi tri cli thi hay dung lnh HOMElEXT.
Dim: HOMETEXT
Select object: <chQn kich thudc>
+ TROTATE (Text Rotate): dung de xoay chu s6 kich thuac 1 goc (tuang t1,l" nhu
dung lua ch9n Angle !rang TEDIn. (hinh 5-18)
Dim: 1ROTATE
Enter new text angle: <cho gOc xoay>
Select object: <chQn kich thudc can xoay>
57
+ UPDATE:
nay Qung de nMt cae kkh thUC1c dang t6n t<.ti. thea bien, chu so kfch
nlac dang t6n
Dim: UPDATE
Select object: <cht;m cae kich thuac M c<).p
+ STYLE: dung de kieu chu cho chu s6 kfch thuoc.
Dim: STYLE
New text style< ... >: len kieu chl1 vao>
5.2.3. Cae bien ,kich thudc (Dimension variables)
Cac bien kich thuoc se ditu khien kieu kich thtTOC, chii so klch thU'oc, each ghi kich
,huoc.
Hinh 5-19 rna ta tac dl,lng eua m(>t so bien kkh thuoc.
Relotiv position

..
100 DimTXT

mnh 5-19
Dtrai day Hi cae bien kich thuOc eel ban: _
+ DimALT: - On/Off - ntu Off so thay c)l\i trj 56 ella UNIT (Default= Off).
+ DimPOST: - ky - them cae kY I\'vao u cbitsdklch thiI6c(v( vllo
tnlaC chii' 86 kkh thUC1c vOi da'u <:. >. Nluing b<;tft khOilg mu6'n them ky W titi cho
tri bien Hi dfi'u "." - ,". -',. ' ,
+ DimASO: - On/Off - cAe thanh phAn cua kich thu6c I. cae nguytn the
ritng ntu On litn klt !haM int kh6i - Block. (Default = On).
+ DimASZ: - khoang each - xlic dinh dai rolii ten ella dllCmg kfch thuac
(Default = Off): .
+ DimCEN: - khoang each - neu 0 thi kh6ng ve dl"u tam, dUCmg tam; nu Hi s6
duong se ve dati ta.m. duang tam. DQ dai dffu tam tily gia tf! so ductng do; neu gia tfi am
thl chi vii duang (Default = 0.0900).
+ DimCLRD: - m5.u - dinh mall cho dUCmg kich thuac.
+ DimCLRE: - mall - djnh mall cho dltemg dong.
+" DimCLRT: - mau - dinh mAll cho chu so kfch thuac.
+ DimDLE: - kho{mg each - khoang vuqt cua duang dong qua dUCmg kkh thuO'c khi
dung cheo (Tick) thay eho mlii len (Default :::: 0).
",
+ DirnDLI: - kholmg each - dinh khoing each giii'a cac duang kfch thuoc song song
nhau. (Default = 0.3800).
+ DirnEXE: - khoiing each - dinh khoang vugt clla duang dong qua duang kich thlJ'(Jc.
(Default = Off).
+ DirnEXO: - each - dinh khoang hb cua duang dong tai cac diem goc cua
khoimg ghi kich thuac.(Default = 0.0625)
+ DirnGAP: - khoang each - dinh khe ha giii'a chii' so kich thuac voi dUCmg kich thuOc
(hlnh 5-20)
+ DirnRND: - so -lam tron kich thuoc. Neu la 1 thl chii' so kich thuoc duqc Hlm trcm
den so nguyen gan nh:1t.
+ DirnSCALE: - ty 1 - xac dinh ty chung cho t:1t cii cac bien cua kkh thuac.
+ DirnSEl: - On/Off - neu ON kho-ng ve dUCmg dong thu I.
+ DimSE2: - On/Off - neu ON khOng ve duimg d6ng thu 2.
+ DirnSOXD: - On/Off - ON se ngan kh6ng ve duang kich thuac ra ngoai dltang
dong.
+ DirnTAD: - On/Off - ON thi chu so kich thudc ghi a phfa tren duang kich thuoc;
neu OFF thi chii' so kich thuac dltqC xen giua duang kfch thuoc (hlnh 5-20). (Default
= OFF).
+ DirnFAC: - ty 1 - dinh ty l gifra cao clla dung sai so voi chie.\J cao chu s6 kfch
thuac. (Default = 1.0000).
+ DirnTIH: - On/Off - neu ON thl chii' so kich thuoc lu6n lu6n ngang; neu OFF
thl chu so kkh thudc duqc theo huang cua dUCmg kfch thuOc. (Default = ON).
+ DimTlX: - On/Off - ON thl chi! s6 kich thuac luOn b trong 2 duimg d6ng du
co dii ch6 khong; neu OFF thl chu s6 kich thuac a trong hay ngoai 2 duang d6ng tuy co
du ch6, hay khong, nhung doi v6i duang tron, cung trim thl chii' s6 kich thuOc siS nam ngoai
duimg cung trim d6. (Default = OFF).
+ DimTOFL: - On/Off - ON se luOn vedumig kich thuaci>tn trong 2 duimg d6ng.
(Default = OFF).
+ DimTOH: - On/Off - gi6ng DimTIH ,chi them Iii cb.i! ,6 kfch thooc du<!C ghi ra ngoai
2 duang dong. (Default = ON).
+ DirnTOL: - On/Off - ON se ghi them cac, &ai lch gim vao sau chu s6 kich
thuoc. (Default = OFF).
+ DirnTSZ: - kholmg cach - 0 thi viS rniii ten cho dUCmg kich thuoc; nu gia tri
dUdng thi ve net nghieng (Tick) thay cbo mfii ten. IOn so duang do cho d9 dai net
(Default = 0.0000).
+ DirnTVP: - tY l - chinh vj tri chit so kkh thu6c len tren hay xu6ng duoi dUCmg
kich thuoc. (Default= 0.000).
+ DirnTXT: - khoang each - de xac d!nh cao chit s6 kkh thttOc. (Default = 0.1800).
+ DirnSHO: - neu dij,t ON thi se nhln thay duong keo re cua kfch thu6c; neu OFF
se kh6ng thay dttCmg keo re do.
co the thay d6i U:! so cac bien kich thuoc noi tren trong khi ve, d.c
(Style) bien gQi ra ghi kich thuoc. C:kh gQi lnh de bie'n kfch thudc nhu sau:
>I< Cach gQi lnh de: thay d6i bien til Menu:
Screen Menu> Dim> DimVAR> (go ten vao) .
Menu Bar > SETI1NG> Dimension
59
* Go 19nh IiI bim phfm:
Command: dim
Dim: <el1O len bien vao>
Current value< ... >. New value: <eho gift II'! bien>
Chu Ihich: De xual Mp dZll hien kich Ihlf0c (hlnh .'i-20), con c6 lhe: g6 llr phfll1
(ACAD12) Wn DDim_
Comnwnd: ODim
Sau khi Enter h<)p "Dimension Style and xu[it (hlnh 5-20).
Dimension Sty1t<s and Variables
Y nghTa ella cae 6 trong
helP tho<,ti nlm sau:
+ Dimension Style
kieh lhlroe):
Dimension Styles Dimension Variables--,
6 tren hien ten de kiell, 6
du6i eM g6 te;, kiell kieh thuae
vao. T ... to I kitu mai, b'.ln hay di
con tra 6 soan thilo i:J duoi
va go ten kitu ten do s1:
hi9n i:J 6 phla tren. Sau do bi;ln
cae bien nhu duai day chi
dan. Con de gQi ! ki6u ghi kfch
HIENl
HIEN2
Dimension Line ...
-Extension lines ...
Arrows ...
Iext Location ...
Text fllrmat. ..
Features ...
.colors ...
lhu6c cia co Irit Ih(mh thai,
b<,tn chi vao ten kieu dang
ra a 6 phfa tfe11 vrl an phfm pick
chu<)r, sau do OK.
Jlimension Style: I HIEN2
OK I Cancel j ! Help ... I
+ Dimension Variable
(cae bien kfch thuae): Hlnh 5-20: "Dimension Style and V'lriahlc:
6 nay g6m cac nut (nlg vai tLmg IO<,ti bien nhlr sal!:
a. Niit "Dimension line"
B<:J.n tin nut 11[IY thl h9P ph\!
hin ra nhU' hlnh 5-21. R.m cae giri trj
ve duang kfch thuoe, nlur la:
- Dimension line Color: mall eho
duang kieh thltoc.
- Force Interior Lines: ve dltOng kfch
thl10e a trong 2 duang d6ng.
- Basic Dimension: ve hlnh eha
bao chtr s6 kfch tluroe.
- Text Gap: djnh khe hit bao quanh
chtr s6 kleh (Imoc.
- Baseline inereament: djnh khoang
each giua de dUOng kfch thude song
song khi dtmg Baseline.
b. Nut "Extention line"
B<,tn an nut nay se ra hp Iho<,ti
nhl1 hlnh 5-22; Imng do:
- Extention line Color: mall eho
dLYang dong.
60
Dimension line
Styl e: HIEN2
feature Scaling:! L 1".,,0,,0,,0,,00'--__
D Use !:aper Space Scaling
Dimension line Color: I red 1_
Dim ension Line
lZJ Force Interior Lines
D Basic .Qimension
Text Qap: 10.0900 I

Baseline Increment: 10.3800 I
OK I
Cancel)
Help ... I
Hinh 5-21
- Extention Above Line: djnh khoang vlrqt
ctm dlfo:ng dong qua duong kfch thuac (Dim EX E)
- Feature Offset: djnh khoimg ha tu g6c ghl
kfch thuoc den duemg dong.
- Visibility:
Extension Lines
Style: HIEN2
Eea\Ure Scaling: 11.00000
D Use Eaper Space Scaling
Draw Both: de v6 cii 2 ctuong dong
Suppress First: kh6ng ve duemg dong thu I.
Suppress Second: kh6ng ve duemg dong th(r 2.
Suppress Both: khong ve ca 2 dtrong dong.
J;xtefl s ion Li ne C o .. r::'"'===I,,_,,,;
Extension Lines -
- Cenler Mark Size: D6 ghi kfch thuoc dfiu
tam duang tron, cling trim.
Gia Ir! Ion thl dau l<lm l&n, giri Irj = a Ihl dfiu
tam kh6ng dtrqc ve.
- Mark with Center Line: veS duong tfI.m thay
cho dau I<lm.
c. NtitArrows
Khi fin nut nay ht")p tho<.ti nlm hlnh 5-23 xuat
de b<;ln tham 56 ve mai
- Dimension line color: chon m.3U cho mai ten.
fxtensionAbove Line: 10.1800 I
Feature
Visibilil;t IOrllw Both
tenter Mllrk Size: 10.0900 I
o Mark wilh Cenler Lines
OK I I Cancel I
1 ""p ... 1
Hlnh 5:22
- Arraws: vc mai ten, chi6u dai mili ten vila dong "Arraw Size:"; Tick: ve
q.ch Dol: ve cham; hay User: ky hiu do nguai dimg djnh nghTa vao 2 dfiu
chrang kfch thuoc Ihay ch? mi.ii len.
Arrows
Style: HIEN2
feature Scaling:
D Use .eaper Space Scaling
Dimension Line Color:] C r-ed---'I_
Arrows
Arrow 0 Tick 0 Qot 0 User
Arrow ] 0.1800

"::J
OK I [ Cancel I
I:!elp ... I
H"inh 5-23
Text location
Style: HIEN2
feature Scaling: "11,,."',,:.:,,'-_---'
o Use .eaper Space Scaling
Qimension Text Color: 'I r-ed-=---'I.
Text Position
Height:
[.
1800
1 [
!olerance Height: 10.1 BOO I

Horizontal jOefault Ii.]
ICentered liJ
[
Alignment IOrient Text Horizontally
[i.!
I OK
[ Can",1 I
[H"P ... I
H"inh 5-24
61
Separate Artaws: 2 kh6i kM.c nhau cho 2 mui .
Tick Extention: khoang Vl1<Jt cua duemg klch thuuc qua duemg dong, khi dung Tick.
dl Nut Text location
B""n an nut nay de di tham so clla chu so kich thudc vdi hp tho'.li nhu hlnh 5-24
d tren.
- Dimension text color: mc1u cho chu s6 kfch thudc.
- lext Position:
Text Height: cho cao chu.
Tolerance Height: chieu cao dung saL
Horizontal: vi trl cho chii s6 kich thuac theo huang dQc duemg kfch thuuc:
Default: vui kfch thu6'c thang hay goc thi chu s6 kfch thuuc trong 2 dUOng dong.
Vui kich thuac duemg kinh hay ban kinh thi chii s6 kich thuuc ngoai duemg tron,
cung tron.
Force text Inside: ep chu s6 kich thudc a trong 2 duimg dong.
Text, Arraw Inside: ep d mlii va chfr s6 kfch thuac ben trong 2 duemg dong.
Vertical: vj trl chfr s6 klch thuac theo hu&ng vuong goc v6i duimg kich thudc:
Center: chu s6 kfch thuac ngang dUOng kich thu6c.
Above: chfr s6 kfch thu6c tren duemg kfch thuac.
Relative: chu s6 kich thu6c ten cao hay xu6ng thap so v6i duemg kich thuuc.
Bln hay cho gia trj vao 0 so""n thao "Relative Position".
- Alignment: d nghieng dong cO sa clla chii s6 kich thuuc so v6i duemg kfch thu6c:
Orient Text Horizontally: chii s6 kfch thu6c ngang theo trl,lc tQ3 dQ.
Align With Dimension Line: chfr s6 kfch dQC theo dUOng kich thuac.
Align When Inside Only: chu s6 k(ch thudc dQc theo dUOng kich thu6c chi khi chu
so kich thUdc phiH a trong 2 duemg dong.
Align When Outside Only: chu s6 kich thuac dQC theo dUOng kfch thudc chi khi chii
s6 kich thUlle phiU iJ ogoai 2 dulmg d6ng.
e. Nut Text Format
Df dinl'i d.;mg va chinh chu s6 kfch thuOc, dan vi do, b{m An nut nay se xuai hin
nhu hloh 5-25.
62
feature Scaling: 1 If> !!lone
o Use e __ pet' Spate Scaling 0 Y:ariance
Basic
Length Scaling: Ic:':::oo"'"=oo'---_-'
o Scale In Paper Space Qnly
Bound Off:
T ex! Prellx;
TejSl. Suffix:
Zero Suppression
00 feet 0
o !llnches 0 Iraillng
o Limits
o Show Alternate Units?
1</100'1 I I I H"":' I
Hinh 5-25
- Round off: lam trem kfch thu6c, neu di)t gia tf-! = 1.
- Text Prefix: to cho chu so kich thuoc.
- Text Surfix: ghi t6 cho chu s6 kich thuoc.
- Tolerance: None: ghi kkh thl10c khang co dung sai.
Variance: ghi sai lch gioi h<;tn trt!n (Upper value) va sai It;:ch gi6i duoi (Lower
value).
Limit: ghi kich thudc giui h'.ln dii cng, tm di sai gi6i lli}n tren va dOOi.
f. N ilt Features
De xem va chinh cac gia tr! ve dUOng kich thuoc, chu s6 kfch thl16'c, ve dl10ng
dong, mo.i ten, W ... , b'.ln an vao nutoay se co ht)p nhu hlnh 5-26.
ft'
"

.

Style: HIENZ
Extension lines
feature S&8\1ng: jll1iUnUlI
I
Extension AbO"o"1: line:
1
0
.
1800
I
o Use Spaee Scaling
FeatUre Qffset:
1
0
.
0625
I
Dimension Lille
Visibility: !Oraw Both
[<I
o Force Interior Lines
o Basic Qlmellslon enter Mark Size: 10.0900
I
Text yap: 10.0900
I
o Mark with Ce'llter lilies
B.aseline Increment:
1
0
3800
I
Text P1Isltion
Afrows
Height:
1
0
.
1800
I
o Tick o Qot o J.!ser
Iolerance Height:
1
0
1800
I
Ho!izolltal !Default

Arrow (0.1800
I
>, "
I

,.<' .
I

lCentered
III
o 1;,ejIUlllle
..
I
.
I
I I
""Ignment !Orient Text f:iorizontalty

I I
IIiiiI
..
I-
I
.'d):H
I
<.IV
\llbh 5-26
g. Nut Colors: mau cho duCmg kkh thuOc. dUCmg d6ng, chu s6 kich thl1oc.
Sau khi b,:,n 'dii Uit cD. cac tham s6 cho kich thuOc nhl1 dii trlnh bay tren da.y, ACAD
hin chfnh "Dimension Style and Variables", b'.ln an OK ket thuc vic cai
di)t. Bay gib da co 1 kieu ghi kich thl16'c theo y mu6n, va b'.ln co the gqi ra ghi kfch thl16'c
bat ky luc nao.
5.2.4_ Ghi dung sai kith thucle (DimTOL)
Muon ghi trj so sai gidi h'.ln cho kfch thl16'c, b'.ln dung DimlOL (Dimension
Tolerance) a tr<,tng thai ON. B'.ln cho cac sai lch gi6'i h'.ln boi cae bi!n DimTP (sai lch gioi
h'.ln tren), DimTM (sai gi6'i h<.tJ1 dl1oi).
Vi (hinh 5-27)
Command: dim
Dim: DimlOL
Gurent va!ue<Off> New value: ON
63
Dim: DimTP
Current value<O.OOOO> New value:
0.05
Dim: DimTM
Current value<OJ)OO(b New value:
- 0.05
Dim: ROR
Dimension text< .. > 60
K/!t qua kich thUl.1c kern dung sai nhU'
hloh 5-27.
5.3. VIET CRa CRO BAN VE
Hinh 527
Font: 1a mau ve cae ky t\!. ACAD cho phep dung 2 Font File c6 duoi 13. .SHX
va .PFB. -
Style: Hi kieu vi/!t chao
STYLE
co the dung lnh STYLE de thid 1 kieu viet chu mai vai ten kieu do
b1 dung nay de thay d6i cac tham s6 cho mi?t chu dB. co.
Comm and: style
Text style name(or?)<. .. >: Textl (ten kieu, a dily hi: Textl)
Font fi1e<txt>: Romans (ten Font cho Textl: Romans)
Height< ... >: <cho cao chG>
Width factor< ... >: <cho tY l chieu r()ng so vai chieu cao>
Ob1iquing angle< ... >: <cho goc nghieng dong chft>
Back words?<N">:- .<N: kh6ng viet nglIQ'C ve phia sau, Y: viet nglIqc phia sao>
Upside down?<N>: <N: kh6ng viet I:)t xu6ng, Y: viet xu6ng>
Vertical?<N>: <N: khOng'vi/!t thing dUng len, Y: viet thang dUng len>
Textl .is now the current text style. <Textl ba.y gib ta kieu hin thai>
L$NR TEXT RO,'.C DTEXT
TEXT. viet chit len ban ve, nh1D1g chu chi hin ra khi an Enter.
DTEXT (Dynamic Text): ding nhlI lnh TEXT, nhU'llg nay go t6i kY w nao thl
ngay ra man hlnh. Chu. y rfing st,r can M hay de ky tlf se dung chi khi b,!-n
:in Enter.
64
* Cach gQi lnh TEXT va DTEXT tll Menu:
* Go lnh tu phim:
Screen Menu> DRAW> Dtext
Menu Bar > DRAW> Text
Command: text dtext)
Vai ACAD12 lnh TEXT dllgc phat trin chi tiet hon.
Command: text
JustifylStylel<Start point>:
. 010 1 diem: do la. Ie trai dong chit.
- Justify: xac dinh cae kM, nang can 16, ACAD se nhac nha:
AlignlFil/Cenler/Middle/Righl/TLffC/TRIMLIMC/MRIBI/BCIBR:
Dap dong nay, ch9ll Align, Fit, Center, Middle, Right nhl1 phan tren.
TL (Top'Left): can 16 bilng diem tren-trai. (hlnh 5-30)
TC (Top-Center); can Ie bang diem tren-giua dong chit
1R (Top-Right): can Ie bang diem
ML (Middle-Left): din Ie bang diem giCta chieu
Me (Middle-Center): can M bang giua chi6u cao chit
MR (Middle-Right): can Ie bang giua chieu cao-phai.
BL (Botton-Left): can M btmg diem day dum-tnii.
Be (Botton-Center); can Ie bang diem day duoi-giua dong chii'.
BR (Botton-Right): can bang diem day du6i-phai dong chii
IDnh 5-28 minh hQa d.c can Ie do.
Top-Left
Midle-Left
Botton-left
Hlnh 5-28
Viel cae ky II!" Iren ban vi!
Trang lnh '}ext, go:
%%0; hay tiit d<) -tren.
%%U: hay tat ch dQ g<.tch duoi.
%%d: ve ky dQ (0).
%%p: ve ky hiu dung sai ().
Bose line
%%c: ve ky hiu dllCmg kinh vong trcm
%%nnn: ve ky h! ACII la nnn.
Top-Right
Midle-Right
Botton-Right
65
CHUaNG 6
, .,. -
LOP CHO BAN VE
6.1. KHAI NItM LOP (LAYER), MAu sAc, DUONG NET VE
6.1.LLap (Layer)
ACAD cho phep b<;ln fa cae lap (Layers) de ve bim ve va quao 19 blm ve dang
hem. MOi lOp ve co xem n,hu mang trong su6t. Tren m6i lap co the ve cae d6i
tuqng mang cae tinh, firiU sofie, kitu duemg net rieng do quy djnh. ban ve co
dugc boi lOp khac nhau, nhU'l1g chung co cung mQt h t<;>a dt), ding mt)t ty 1 thu
phong va giOi ve gi6ng nhau. Troog qua tdoh ve, b',m co the cho ra tat di cae
lOp DaO do ba:t cd lUe nao b'ilo mu6n.
Vi d1,l mt ve g6m chi tit khac nhau, mbi chi b'ilo ve treo ffil lap
rieng v6i mim sac khac nhau quan Iy chung mQt each thuQ.ri tio.
ban ve eua mQt chi tit, b'iln co the timg IO'ili duang net, mall sac vilo timg
lOp kha.c nhau. Khi ve gQi tUng lOp ra ve dang.
6.1.2. Mau sac
B<Pl su dl.J.ng mau tren ban vi! thi co the quan s,1l va quan ly ban ve lqi han.
Ban ve dung ca.c mall khac nhau, khi in ra bang may ve (Plotter) co the duqc lien ket
mau bim ve v&i. tUng but ve co mau tuang U'ng. HOi co the khien duqc be r(lOg
net ve.
Command: color
New entity <:010 .. >: <choltn mau. .dUng v<n m'''!>'
ACAD quy dinh 7 mAu ch"", r Ii: ..
1 - Red (dO) .. '. '.' iniac billn)
. H ... .. -'l-. .
2 - Yellow (Witg)6: canh'sen)
3 - Green (xanh cAy) 7, While (!ring)
4- Cyan (xanh c&n th""h)
Chll thich:
BYLAYER: III mau eUs lOp hllnh.
BYBLOCK: hlnh ve VOl mllu BYBLOCK se e6 milu White (trAng), chQ d61 khi nao hl;l.n dl).t hinh
ve vilo m(lt kh6i va-cMn (Insert) n6 vao ban ve thl n6.sl c6 milu hin thbi.
6.1.3. dulmg net
4nh LlNETYPE dung thit duimg net (net W\n. net dllt.net cham gach ... )
va tai vao de dua ra ve. ACAD co cac kieu dUOng net miu nhu hlnh 6-1.
* each gQi lnh LlNETYPE til Menu:
Screen Menu> SETTING> LineType'
Menu Bar > SETI1NG > Layer control (hl)p
66
Continious
Dashed
Hidden
Center
Phantom
Dot
Dashdot
Border
Divide
---------------
.............................................
-.' - .. -. -. -. -'-.-.-.-.-
--._-.--.--.--.--.-
Hinh 6-1
Go til ban phfm:
Command: LineType
? lere.te/Lo.d/Se!:
Dap cac I,!a ch(;m:
+ ? : ACAD lit ke danh such cac ten va mO tii cac duemg net duqc tai vilo.
+ L (Load): tai cac durmg net vao tu f file chua chung (vI dl,l: acad.lin). ACAD nhAc
dua ten d.c kieu duemg net va ten file chung vao.
+ S (Set): dua kieu duemg net thanh hin hanh. B<,ln cung co the dua ten duemg net la
BYLAYER , BYBLOCK (da noi 11 tren) di! dua kieu duimg net eua LAYER, BLOCK tbOnh
hin hanh.
.
+ C (Create): duemg mm va cat rieng vao mqt file thu vin. Sau khi dap
. "C" trong lai nhac tren thl ACAD nhac nha tip:
Name of linetype to create: <cho ten duang>
Sau do ACAD hoi ten file thu vin rna lUll duang mm vAo va ACAD
hoi b.;lO dinh nghia cho duemg mai:
Dscriptive text: mO ta kieu duang bang nef"-" hay net chAn "_",
dau cham"." trto phini> .... "
Enter pattern (On next line): <go ky hi.mOta kieu dllllng v.odong
d\l'm city>:
A,
Trong d!nh nghla hay cho SMi.chit cAi J'A," (Align) chung cach
nhau bin Mu phAy de m6 iA 11(>. doi '\,hOlngM,4ID;cMlncho 1 coo I<Y eua dllllng
net. Ntu eho s6 dllong 1. djnh nghla chM" d8i cIo\m's\!Ch (loEj;oh<>s6am 1. dinh nghla ehieu
doi khoimg hl1 (khOng vel, eho s60 Ia dinh ngh1adlfu<>hllHt.
Ky t\l' "A," 11 dilu dong dI! chi clng khi vo m/)t dU/l!)g !hlbAI du va k!t !hue Ia net
Vi d1,l mqt kieu duemg net ch:tm c6 chi&!, dli n6t 16: diii khe ha
tir dau net tai da'u cha'm la 3 lam nhu sau:
Comwand: Iinetype
? ICreate/LoadiSet: C
Name' of linetype to create: CHAM_GACH
Sau do chQn File c5t vao la MYLTYPE.LIN. va tra lai tiEp:
67
Descriptive text:
Enter pattem(On next line):
A, 16, -3, 0,-3
Nhl1 da ra net cham rieng eho vai ten CHAM _ GACH b trong
file MYLTYPE.LIN, sau do b'.ln eo the tai vao de ve.
6.1.4. LTSCALE (LineType Scale)
nay dung dieu ehinh ty dl1Cmg net.
Command: Itseale
New seale faetor< ... >: <eho tY
Ch6 y: ACAD djnh nghia cae kiiu duemg net trong file acad.lin dung don V! "Inch". Neu b<;tn dung
dOll vi "mm" nen d<}t t)l I khoang 25.
6.2. Li);NH LAYER
B'.ln dung LAYER t'.lo cac lOp mai, thay d6i eac <4e tfnh nhu: rnau sac, kitu
dUCmg net, tat hay rna cac lap, tam d6ng hay lam tan eae lap d6ng lit ke ten cae
lap da co, hay dua m"t lap thanh hin haoh.
* qich gQi Inh LAYER tir Menu:
Screen Menu> Layer
Menu Bar > SETIlNG > Layer Control
* Go lnh til phim:
Command: layer
?/Make/SetiNew/ON/OFF/Color/LtypelFreeze/LOckiUnlock:
Y nghia cac h!a ch(;m do:
+? :Iit ke cae lOp eung cac nnh clla tUng lap.
+ M (Make):.dua I lap thanh hin thm, 4-0 lOp mm va dl1a ra thai.
+ S (Set): goi I lap ra thoi.
+ N (New): lap mm.
+ ON: rna cac lap dang uit.
+ OFF: tat cae lOp, .khi do hlnh ve utn d.c lOp nay kh6ng hin ra mm hinh vlt cung
kh6ng in duge .
.+ C (Color): de mau eho cae lap.
VI Green eho lap "LI" t. lamnhu sau:
Command: . layer " . . .
C
Color: green (b\Ul clID I/lIl mAu """ 06 ii:t 1_+.225 tuang Ilng)
Layer narne(o) for color 3(greenj<Ox . LI.
+ L (Uype): dung Mtbay dOi kieu duang netgiin vmlap. Vi mu6n duang
khufft (Hidden) eho lap "Ll":
Command: layer
?/Make/Set!New/On/Off/Color/Ltype!Freeze/LOck/Unlock: L.
Linetype(or ?)<Continuous>: Hidden .
Layer name(s) for linetype IDDDEN<O>: LI
+ F (Freeze): Hun d6ng cac lap b'.ln chi ra. Dung Freeze thl ACAD se bO qua cac
68
hlnh ve Iren C,-le -lap Freeze trong qu:' trlnil Cl)p sl,t thay doi, nell vic tai hin lai
(Regenerati on) b::l11 ve nhanh chong hOil so voi Chl'fC nung tfit OFF ella lap.
+ T (1ll<IW): lam tan di cae lOp da Freeze.
+ to (Lock): chi dLlIlg c16i v6i ACVADI2, de khoa dc lOp. Khi khoa Ih. hlnh ve
dc lap do van hin fa, nhung kh6ng the sm.U1 Ih<'1.0 (Edil) c1uqc.
+ U (Unlock): mo khoa cho die lap.
ClIo thich: ACAD 12 eo DDLMODES (Layer Mode) d<i diel1 khiC:n lop qua hp Ihm.li .
Command: ddhnodcs
ACAD 12 sc dU'a fa hop thO<;li nhu hlnh 6-2.
layer Control
Current layer: 0
I ! I Current I I Rename I
I Clea! All I
I OK I e,",,1 I I. ""p ... I
Hlnh 6-1: I !(Jp tho<.li "Lllyer Control".
2"
Thaw
Unlock
II
Off
II
Freeze
II
lock '

Set Color ...
Set Ltype ...
6.3. Lj):NH DDEMODES
Entity Creation Modes
Lnh nay dimg de mati sac, l&p,
dUOng net , kieu chG', el l) cao (Elevasion) vv ...
thOng qua I h9P tho<.li.
* Cach gQi DDEMODES tlr Menu.
Screen Menu > SETTING> dde.modes
* Go Inh Ill: ban phfm:
Command: ddemodes
HQP xuat nhl1 hlnh 6-3.
I. .. J. BYLAYER
1
Layer ...
J 0
1
Linetype ...
] BYLAYER
1
Text Style ...
jlTALICT
flevation: 10.0000
Ihickness: 10.0000
OK
I C.ncelj I. He!!,,,. ]
J-IInh 6}: !I(Jp thO<.1l "Entity Creation
69
CHuaNG 7
KHOI vA THUQC TiNH
7.1. KH6I (BLOCK)
7.1.1. Kluil Block
Block (kh6i) la hqp eua cae yl!u t6 ve rieng bit dUQ'c nhom thanh mN d6i tuqng
ve va duqc ten. Vai ten Block da ta co the chen Block vao bat ky V! tff tren ban
ve. Trong khi chen (Insert) co ph6ng to, thu nho va xoay di m<)t goc llly y. khac
khi dung Block chen vao ban ve, giam duQ'c dang ke kich thuoc File ban ve (ACAD chi
them mQt nguyen khi chen mt Block).
'Mt ban vi! phuc t'.lP b<;tn co the' phan fa thanh cae d6i tuqng ve rieng bit va t<;to thanh
cae Blocks, bien chung thanh ban ve chinh.
Ngoai ra ta co the: dinh nghia Block til cae d6i tuqng tren him vi! hin thai, tll ban
ve da co tmac. Cho nen h<,ln co t<.to fa mt thu vin rieng cae hloh vi! ma.ll (nhu Iii: clra,
bulOng, mll 6c, vong hi, van vv ... ) va sau nay chen chung vilO bim ve.
7.1.2. Lenh BLOCK
Lnh BLOCK de: 4.0 ra mt kh6i til nhom cac ytu t6 tren ban ve hin .co.
* Cach gQi .BLOCK tit Menu:

. Screen Menu> Block
Menu Bar > CONSfRUcr > Block
* Go til ban phtm:
Command: block
Block name (or 7): <cho ten kh6i>
COn neu dap "?" thl ACAD dua ra danh sach ten cac khai da duqc djnh nghia trong
ban ve. Sau khi cho ten khai ACAD nhac nha tip:
Insertion base point: <cho die:m co sa de sau nay chen vao bim ve>
Select object: <chQn cac d6i tuqng de nhom vao mQt kh6i>
Sau khi vic chQn' doi tuqng kt thuc (Enter), hlnh ve clm cac d6i tuqng duqc chQn se
ma't di. Blpl muon ph\lc h6i chung hay dung OOPS:
Command: oops
7.1.3. Lenh INSERT
Lnh nay dung M chen mQt Block vao oon ve V! trt can thiet, theo ty va goc xoay
lily y. Ngoai ra b'.ln co the dua vao duang dAn tai mQt ban vi! (.DWG) chen bim ve do
nhu mQt Block vao bim ve hin thai.
70
* each gQi lnh BLOCK. tir Menu:

Screen Menu> Block
Menu Bar > CONSlRUcr > Block
* G5 tir ban phfm:
Command: insert
Block name (or ?): <cho kb6i, ? xem danb sacb cac kh6i>
Insertion point: <cho diSm cben, no cilng la tam xoay>
Xscale factor<l>jComer/XYZ:' <cbo ty pbuang X>
Y scale factor<X>: <cbo ty pbuang Y>
Rotation angle<O>: <cho goc xoay khi dien>
Neu b<;tn dap dong nhac "Xscale factor<l>jComer/XYZ:" bAng g5 "C", ACAD cbo
pbep b<;tn cbl ra 2 dinb elm blnb chu rna dinb tbu 2 la cben, 2 q,nb X,Y Iii. ty
cben tbeo pbuang X va Y.
Ol(;m "XYZ" tren dong nbAc
"Xscale factor< l>jComer/XYZ:"
chi dung d: cben 1 Block duqc ve
trong 3 (3D).
Chli. (hich: Ncu hl;lIl cho ty chen
phL10ng X,Y la s6 am, Ihl uL10c hlnh
chen vao Sf' d6i xUng gL1rmg voi hlnh g6c
(hlnh 7-1)_
7.1.4. qnh INSERT vOi dau " ...
Xsca[e :::: I
Yscale =1
HlOh 71
Xscalc == 1
Ysca[e"" I
Ml kboi (Block) da djnh nghia, ACAD xcm no nbu mt d6i tuqng dan -(nguyen tbe).
Cho nen kbi b':ln cbon mt yeu to trong khoi tbi ca kh6i duqc cbQn. Do do b<;in kbOng tbe:
tbay doi rieng ti:rng yeu to trong kboi duqc.
Neu muon cben mt Block rna vAn duy tel duqc SI! rieng cac yeu t6 trong do,
b,:!n bay dau "*,, vao truac ten kb6i. Vi dl,J: chen kb6i ten la "V it" vao ban ve de sua, ta
la.m nbu sau:
Command:
Block name(or?):
Insertion point:
Scale factor<I>:
Rotation angle<O>:
insert
* vit
<cbo cben vao>
<cbo ty J>
<cbo goc quay>
7.1.5. EXPLODE (phon ra m(it khiiij
Neu da cben mt kboi vao ban ve boi Jnh Insert r6i rna b<:tn muon tbay d6i d.c
yeu t6 rie'ng trong kb6i do tbi kb6ng duqc. ACAD cung cap EXPLODE de: pban ra kboi
do ra cii cac kb6i kfcb tbuac, dt...) va da tuyen (Polyline) tbanb d.c yeu
t6 dan rieng bit, d.c nguyen Tir do i':li co tbe tbay d6i, chinh cbung nbu
tbUtmg. Do v*y Jnb INSERT'*" tuang duang vai 21nb INSERT va sau do EXPLODE.
* Cacb gQi EXPLODE tir Menu:

Screen Menu> EDIT> Explode
Menu Bar > MODIFY > Ex pI ode
* G5 tir ban pbim:
Command: explode
Select block reference or Polyline: <cbQn Block, Polyline pblln ra>
Chli. y:
+ Lnh chi thi himh moi mot muc. Tue Iii Ileu Block chua Polyline thl Explode Ian Ihu-
71
nhflt, Block se ph&n ra thanh Polyline va cae t6 dan khac; Dung Explode Ian thu hai thi Polyline mai phun
ra thanh cae dOl:ln thimg, cung {ron
+ Lnh EXPLODE kh6ng eo lac d6i vai mt)1 kh6i uu'crc chen vai eae ty I X, Y, Z kha.e nhau.
7.1.6. BASE
Neu b<;ln muon chen bim ve hin thdi van m()t bim ve khac sau do thl can chi ra diim
C{/ sa dt co tht si'r dl;lng Inh Insert sau do.
Command: base
Base point: <cho ditm co sit>
Neu b':ln kh6ng cho diem co sa thl ACAD se coi (0,0,0) Iii diem co sa.
7.1.7. MINSERT
Lnh nay tuong duang vai hai Inh Insert va Array Rectangular.
* Cach gQi lnh MINSERT til Menu:
.
Screen Menu> BLOCK/ DRAW> Minsert
* Go Inh til ban phlm:
Command: minsert
VI dvai day minh hQa each dung
nay: (hlnh 7-2)
Command: Minsert
Block name(or ?):. vit
Insertiopn point: PI
Xscale factor<l>/CornerjXYZ: .J
Y scale factor<=X>: .J
30
Rotation angle<O>: .J

Number of raws<. .. >: 2
<eho s6
Number of Columns<. .. >: 4 <eho s6 c()t>
Hlnh 7-2
Unit cell or distance between raws: 30 <khoimg dch cac hang>
Unit cell or distance between Columns: 30 <khoang cach dc c(?t>
Chu y: Khong the dung dau "*,, veri Jnh MINSERT.
7.2. THUOe TiNH eVA KH6I (ATTRIBUTE)
Co nhUng kh6i chi Hi hlnh ve, nhlmg co nhUng
kh6i can co d. cac ghi chu v6 cac thuQc tinh du6i
d':lng Text (Attribute). MQt Attribute co the chua cae
thong tin cua khoi nhu la gia ca, tinh ky s6
hiu, vi).t Iiu, s6 luqng, c6ng Sutlt, noi si'm Xutlt...
hlnh 7-3 13 mQL vi kh6i mang thuQc tinh.
7.2.1. Lenh ATTDEF (Attribute Definition)
Lnh nay dimg djnh nghla mQt thuQc t1nh
(Attribute) cho kh6i, xac djnh dong van ban gQi ia
the thUflC linh (Attribute Tag). 111e thuQc tlnh nay
cluqc Itru trong kh6i nhu mQt doi tuqng ella khoi. The
thuQc t1nh duqc chen dmg vai Block vao ban ve.
72
DI. 3366 rS
17
Hinh 7-3
each g9i ATIDEF til Menu:
Scfeen Menu> BLOCK / DRAW> Attdef
'" G6 lnh til ban phtm:
Command: attdef
Attribute modes - Invisible:N Constant:N Verify:N Preset:N
Enter (ICVP) to change, RETURN when done:
dap dong nhac do bai cae tuy ch9n:
+ I : khong gia thuC tloh fa mall hloh khi chen kh6i.
+ C : gan tflIOc 1 gia. c6 eua thuC tioh khi kh6i duqc
+ V (Verify): xac sl! thay d6i thu9C tioh trong khi chen kh6i.
+ P (Preset): khOng nhac nha cho vao gia thu(lc Hoh khi chen kh6i, rna ACAD tt!
d(lng lAy gia tf! dioh.
Sau khi ChQll mode(l, C, V, P) b"n fin Enter se hin fa dong nhac tiep theo 13:
Attribute tag: <cho ten the thuQC tfoh>
Attribute prompt: <dua vao dong nhac khi chen kh6i>
. Default attribute value: <cho gia tT! dinh ella thuc Hoh>
Nu a tren mode thi. dong cu6i nay thay bang "Attribute,
',value:" .
7.2.2. ATTDISP
4nh nay cho phep thay d6i tlnh (ON) hay :In di (OFF) cua thuQc tfnh fa
manhlnh.
each g9i ATIDISP til Menu:
,r-'-Sc-re-en-M-e-n-u->-D-I-S-P-LA-Y->-A-U-d-is-p-,-'
GO ban phfm:
Command:
Normal/ON/OFF < >:
+ N: thuQc tfnh hin fa blnh thuimg,tM Ithi trtldti &l b\", dung Invisible
+ ON: dll'a Attribute ra mlln hinh. ''''',
','. .
+ OFF: lam an Attribute di. -'.'
"
7.2.3. ATTEDIT
4nh nay dung di thAo, Slm chila Attnbute .e.
each g9i lnh ATI'EDIT tit Menu:

Screen Menu> EDIT > Attedit
'" G6 lnh til ban phim:
Command: Attedit
Edit attributes one at a time<Y>: <Y: Sua timg thuQc tinh, N: SUa chung>
eM thich: c6 the sua tinh thOng qua thol;li bAng DDATIE.
7.2.4. DDATTEF
Bl,\n thong qua h(lp thol,\i bang canh g9i nay dinh nghia thu(lc tfnh. H(lp thol,\i
fa nhll' hlnh 7-4.
73
Atlrlbl,lte Definition
I
Attribute---------------,
lag:
O'!lerily
o Ere set
rompt:
Value:
Insertion iText Options
I Pick < 1 JUstification:
o /\liqn previ(luG
OK l-=C-,-nc-e-: "
I'TALICT
I He'p ... I
IIlnh 7--1: HOf1lhm.li '"AtlrihUlc Defini1ion"
+ 6 Mode: de' \tea chQn Mode (I, C, Y, P) gi6ng nhu dJ noi a tren.
+ 6 Attribute: de vila ten the (1:1g), vilo dong nhac nhi1 (Prompt), vilo gi;i Irj m,)c
cljnh eha Ihu6c \[nh (Value).
74
+ 6 Insertiun point: xac c1jnh di6m chen b;"tng chu(lI h;IY [9<1 c19-
+ 6 Text option: chQIl chu, chiclI caD, crill Ie, goc nghieng chiT.
CHUONGR
7 _ , ,._
DUA BAN VE RA MAY IN. MAY VE
8.1. cAl MAy IN (PRINTER), MAy VE (PLOTTER) vA CHUQT (MOUSE)
cae files trong thl1 fRye DRV cua ACAD chua cae thong tin ve cae thOng so dti
thiet hi_ dli may ve, may in, vai ACAD12 ta gQi tu Menu Bar> File> Configure;
hoi}.c go tir ban phim:
Command: con fig
ACAD dlIa fa cae lip chQn cua "Configuation Menu" nhl! sau:
Configuration Menu
O. Exit to Main Menu
1. Show current configuration
2. Allow detailed configuration
3. Configure video display
4. Configure Digitize
5. Configure Plotter
6. Configure system console
7. Configure operating parameters.
Enter selection<O>: 5
Tir dAy chQn 5 de di di.it may ve hay may in; con chQn 4 de dti di.it Neu ch<;m 5,
ACAD se hin ra thong bao cau hlnh hin va d.c thong bao nhlI sau:
Plotter configuration Menu
O. Exit to configuration Menu (thoat ra)
1. Add a Plotter configuration (them cau hinh I may in, may vel
2. Delete a plotter configuration (x6a ca:u hlnh I may in, may vel
3. Change a plotter configuration (thay d6i hlnh I may in, may vel
4. Rename a plotter configuration (d6i may in, may vel
Enter selection, 0 to 4 <0>: 1
Sau khi dua h!a chQn I vao dong tren se hin ra mQt bang danh sach thi(t bi,
ehQn wang thlch voi may in, may ve clla Vi
A va:ilable plotters:
I. None
2. AutoCAD file output formats(pre 4.1) by Autodesk, Inc
3. CalComp ColorMaster plotters ADI 4.2 V2.8 - by Autodesk, Inc
9. HewlettPackard(HPGl/2) ADl4.2 by Autodesk. Inc
Select device number or ? to repeat list < I >: 9 .
Gia su b<;ln eh<;m 9, ACAD se dua ra cae h!a ehQn phl,l nhu sau:
l. LaserJct III
2. PaintJet XL w/HP-GU2 Cartridge
3. DraftMaster SX/PX/MX
75
4. DraftMaster RX/MX/Roll Feed
5. 7600 Monochrome
6. 7600 Color
Enter selection, I to 6 <2>:
Vi du ban chon I, ACAD se dua ra cac nhflc nha de ban Ira lai v& etat so b;:'m in, loai
giay dua c6ng noi voi InllY in, kh6 giay in, ty I in vv ... cUeli clmg chQn 560 de
kh6i "Configuration Menu". Truoe khi ket thue cili di,lt, ACAD yell cau b;:.111 tralai "Y"
hay "N" de b'.'n khiing djnh Ittll giG' hay khang nhfrng thay et6i ca.i a tren:
Keep Configuration Changes?<Y>: <enter>
* Cach dli chuQt cung tuang nhlT tren, b<.tn chQI1 4 trong "Configuration menu".
ACAD se thong bao thiet bj hin Ihai nhl( vi dl.1 sau day:
Your current digitizer is: Current System Pointing Device
Do you want to select a different one?<N>: Y
B<;tll Ira lai Y de ch9n lifi voi thiet bj cila Ole buoc sau do se tiep tl!c wang tl!
nhu !ren.
8.2. Lj):NH XUAT BAN VE RA MAY IN, MAY VE
* each gQi Inh plot tir memu:
Menu bar> FILE> Print/Plol... > H<)p Iho<.ti "Pia! Configuralion"
Screen menu > PLOT ..
* Go tlT phfm:
Command: plot
Sal! do xuttt hp IhO::.li "Plot Cunfiguration" nlllT hlnh 8-1 (neu bien CMDDIA
khac 0).
76
Plot Configuration
Device and Dehault Information
fxl050
I
Pen Parameters
! fen Assignments ... I I.Qp:iimil';,1Ion .. 1
,A,"III100",1 Parameters
Displa-X 0 Hide Lines
o
o .limits
OYkw

o Adjust Area Fill
[gJ Plot To fite

OK I Cancel I
Pllper Size lind Orientation---,
o Inf.hes
Plot Area 2tO.90 by 284.40.
Scale. Rotation. and Origin
I Rotation and Origin ... 1
o
PloHed MM. '" Drawing Units
284.4 113.916
!8l Scaled!o Fit
Plot Preview
I Preview ... I Partial 0 Full
1 tlelp ... 1
Hlnh 8-1: I Il)p (hu,.1i "Plot Collfigul"lIlion".
1- 6 " Device and Default
Information"
ACAD thong baa ve thie! bj in
hin Ihai , b'.ln an vao nt:it "Device
and default seleclion" se hin ra
h9P phl,l thay deli thong
tin ve Ihier bi (hlnh 8-2).
+ Trong (} "Select Device":
chQIl thiet bj in.
+ "File Defaults": nut "Save
defaults to file ... " Cat cae gia Ir!
xac djnh ve kho giay, 1)1 f9ng
blH ... vao 1l19t file. Ntlt "Get
defaults from file ... ", gQi Ctlc gifl trj
ch{ra Imng file dJ cat ra de xuat ban
ve ra in.
Devlte 8nd Defeult Seledion
Select Devite-----------------,
Manufacturer: System Printer ADI 4.2 - by Aulodesk. Inc
Port:
1050
File Dei8ults
Save DelaultB To File".
II
Defaults fmm File."
Device SpeciHc ConHguraHon
Show Oevice Requirements ... ! I Chnge Oevke Requirements ...
Hlnh 8-2: Hl)p lho,:!i "Device ;md Dcf.mlt Selection".
+ "Device specific Configuration": nul "Show Device Requirement" chi ra eho
thOng tin djnh hlnh can them dia thiet bj hin thai. Nut "Change Device Requircment" dt
thay deli cac yeti call dinh hlnh them eua Ihiel bj hi11 Ihoi.
2- 6 "Pen Parameters":
+ Niit "Pen Assignments ... ": nut nay x:k c1jnh dc thong 56 vt:! blit, lo<;ti QUang
net, toe 09, be [(jng net cho Ihiet bj in, ve hin .thoi. HQp tho<;ti plll.l xual nhu hlnh 8-3.
,
Pen As.s.lgnments
OK I Cancel I
Modify
Color: I
:==1
1
P!;,n Width: 10.254
De dieu chinh thong so but, chill tien kich sang 11191 h[mg dn thiet sau do 1hay d6i
c;:ic gia trj i:J 0 ben phai "Modify Values".
Chit y: Kh61lg ncn 1(\11 girra lot.li dl1(lIlg nd ella thi CI bi vai IO,!i dlrong net IrCn bim vi::. T61 nhfft kh6ng
nen dllllg IO,!-i dHOng net ella lhie'l hj. chi dlmg IO,!-i uuemg lien Iuc CUlt Ihi':l hj eho Ifil cii dc lo,!i dUO'ng Ilel
Ircn biln vi!.
+ Nflt "Optimization ... " (toi lru hoa): ACAD cung cap dc It,ra ch(;m t6i lfU khi ve ra giay
M gi{un toi Ihieu dc chuyen dQng cua bUI, giiim Ihai gian ve. Khi an vao nut nay se xuat
hi1l hqp IhO<.li phl,! nhu hlnh 8-4.
77
Optimizing Pen Motion
o
rZI Adds swap
o ,\dds p'en sorting
o moll!)!) opllmizal1on
o J\dds JuU moli!)n
o e!lmin:aHon of ovn!upphlH hmiz.onlai nr
o !"IJ1d of
Hlnh 8-4
trong do:
- "No optimization": kh6ng chl;:m toi uu, ve dl,ing thu tl! ban ye.
- "Adds endpoint swap": them YI! sl! Irao d6i mut.
- "Adds pen sorting": ve sl! si\p xep but, (mQt but ve het duang nao do mai
ddi).
- "Adds limited motion optimization": them ve toi I1U cac dQng giai h.;m.
- "Adds fun motion optimization": tMm ve chuytn d<)ng toan, VI khi ve vong
tron thl ve hoan xong-mai've chb khac.
- "Adds elimination of overlapping horiZontal or vertical vectors": neu co nhieu dO<;ln
thAng dUng hay nAm ngang chong nhau thl chi ve mQl.
- "Adds elimination of overlapping diagonal vectors": 10<;li bo d.c dUCmg nghieng ch6ng
nhau chi ve m<)t.
3- () "Additional Parameters"
Trong 6 nay co xac d!nh vung ban ve duqc xuat ra thiet bi in nhu: Display,
Extents, Limits, View, Window. Y nghia cac il!a ch9n ve vung ban ve duqc xuat ra nhu sau:
+ D: in ra yung bi'm vi! hin tren man hlnh (View .port hin thai).
+ E: giong nhu ZOOM-extents, vung ban ve xuat ra ia toi'm b<) cac hlnh dii ve.
+ L: vung ban ve XU<ll ra nAm trong gi6i h<;ln LIMITS dii :d.c djnh khi ve.
+ V: vung ban ve xuat ra Ia mQt canh (View) rna da: d,nh nghia til tmac bAng lnh
VIEW.
+ W: viIng bim ve xuat ra nam trong etra s6 b<;ln xac djnh.
+ Hide line: neu danh dau vao dAy, cac duang b! che khuat se kh6ng duqc ve.
+ Adjust Areafill: neu danh dau a dAy, cac yeu to doo duqc t6 mau nhu la Trace, Solid,
Polyline co be r(mg net Ian hoo be r<)ng but se duqc ve dung nhu dii ve ban ve.
+ Plot tojik: dua ban ve ra thanh m<)t file kel xuat co du6i 1a Sau nay b<.tn dung
mt chuoog trinh feh khac dua ra bi in, dung h dieu"hanh DOS de in v6l
lnh COpy lB. .
4- 0 "Paper size and orientation"
Trong 6 nay b<.tn Co the ch9n doo Vi do kich co ban ve xuat ra giay la Inches hay
Mi1Iimeters (mm) bang cach danh dau vao nut tUoog {mg. De chQn co_giay in ra rna thiet bi
clla b<.tn dap U'ng duqc,hay an vao nut "Size", ACAD dua ra hQp th0<.ti hlnh 8-5.
Trong h<)p nay, kfch sang mQt dong thj co giay nam ben trai hl)p
va OK chQn. Phia ben phiii til cac dong "User" b<;ln chieu rQng (Width) va chi6u
cao (Height) clla co giA'y thea )' b'.ln (ngmJi dung).
78
Paper Size
Size Width Height
Size Width
USER:
(210.00
I
MAX 210 90 264.'10
USER 210.00 297,00
USER1 210.00 190.00
USER!: (210.00
I
USER.2.: !
I
USERJ.: !
I
USER!: 1
I
Otientation is londsc!lpe
Hlnh 8-5: Hl)p tho<;ti "Paper Si7..c':
5- 0 "Scale, Rotation, and Origin"
Height
(297.00

1190.00
I
I
I
o
+ Nut "Rotation and Origin": b::m nhay van nut nay de g6c in va xac djnh goc
xoay ban in, ACAD hin ra h()p phI,! nhu hinh 8-6 dudi day.
+ Nut "Scale to fit": cho Vilflg ve in ra vua khft vai co giay da chQn.
Plot Rotation and Origin
[OPlot Rot.tion , ....... .
o @;90'
- ,0:::; .... :
0180 OZ70
Plot Origin-----------------,
X Origin: 15.00
I Y Origin: 1-
5
.
00
H'mh 8-6: H(lp thol,1i "Plot itotation tujd Origin".
6- 0 "Plot Preview"
+ Dung nut de xem trudc bim in tren man hinh. Trude tien ban danh dau vao ()
vu6ng "Partial" hay 6 vu6ng "Full" sau dOllMy vao nut "Plot Preview" 'de xem:
- Partial: eho xem anh hUOng ella vung ban ve xuat ra in so vdj co giay in dff
ehQn. Dieu do dUQ"c thi boi hai khung mati: khung do lmg vdi co giay chQn, khung
xanh ling vdi vung ve xuat ra in.
- Full: hin ra man hlnh ban ve gi6ng nhu se in ra giay.
Cu6i cung an OK de qua trinh in bat dau.
i9
PHANHAI
w ""
'I.E aA CHI.EU
CHUONG9
MO. TRlIONG VE 3D
9.1. H TOA vI) NGliOI DUNG V A cAcH fJlEM 3D
9.1.1. tQa do ngulri dung UCS
Bim ve AutoCAD dUQ'c trong tr\lC tQa chuan co d!nh WCS. Ban ve 2 chien
(2D) chi t<;>a d<> x, cho nen dung h tI1,lc nay Ia duo NhllI1g vo; ban ve 3 chieu, (3D)
thuang phai cho cae diem trong khOng gian b&tg c3. 3 tQa d(J x,y.z. do do ACAD cho phep
til t<:t0 Ca cae tru.c rieng ella gQi 13. 1Ic nguai dung ues de chuyen sang
ve 2D (xem chuang I, tit't 1.2). Ole phuong pMp djnh nghI. h tnlc UCS hOi UCS
nhu sau:

'" each gQi ,1nh tir menu:

Screen menu> ues
Menu bar> Setting> ues
'" Go tu ban phim:
Command: ues
Origin/ZAxis/3pointiEntityiYiew/XIYIZIPrev/Restore/Savei
Del/?I<World>:
Ok h,ta chQn co y nghia nhu sau:
_ Dar 0: tjoh tien goc (Origin) h trl:1C ues den kh<ic, hlIang cae tn,lc x, y, z
kh6ng d6i.
KO
_ ZA: ues len phia tren thee chieu dlIong trl,lc z:
. + Origin point<O,O,O>: <chQn lam g6c mai>
+ Point on positive portionof Z-axis< ... >: <chQn I diem a phan duang
cua trl,lc z>
3: chuytn UCS toi g6c mai, hlIOng x,y moi dl,ta trl!n 3 diem cho:
+ Origin point<O,O,o>: <chQn diem g6c mai >
+ Point on positive portionor X-axis< ... >: <chQn I a phan duong
clla x>
+ Point on positive -Y portion of the UCS XV plane < ... >: <chQn diem b phin
Y dlIang trong XV>
_ E: xac d!nh UCS mai bang each chi vao mQt tM nao da: co (trtt 3Dpline, mesh
hay b Viewport).
_ V: thiet UCS mai co XY song song vai hlnh cua bl;ln, g6c kh6ng
thay dOi.
_ X/Y (Z: quay M UCS hin tl;li quanh tf\lc x, y, z.
_ P: tay ll;li ues tmac do. ACAD co hru ll;li 10 h UCS sau cung.
_ R: gQi ra UCS da: llID.
_ S: llID UCS voi ten bl;ln tt! di;it UCS co dili 31 ky U!).
D: xoa d.c UCS dfi llID.
= W: dua UCS ve trimg vai h tQa dQ chuan WCS.
U):NH UCSICON
b;;m de hlnh dung h tryc tQa dQ, ACAD dua ra cac tuqng (icon) tren man hlnh.
Tuy tf\lc WCS, UCS hay tuy mOi Viewport rna bieu tuqng co dl;lng khac nhau. B'.ln
thay d6i hin, tat, dua icon tai goc tQa d ... bang UCSICON:
* Cach gQi lnh ttt menu:
Menu bar> Setting-> UCS> icon
* Go lnh ttr bim phim:
Command: UCSlcon
ON!OFF! ALLINoorigin!
ORigini<. .. >1:
_ Dap ON/OFF: hien th! hay tat icon.
_ ALL: cac thay dOi dugc gan vai tat
cii cac Viewport.
_ N: hin icon b goc duai-trai.
_ OR: icon tl;li goc h tfl;lc.
Vi Cho hlnh nem (hlnh 911. vo
duemg di qua die diem giiia E, F cua
BC, AD r6i ve duang tron nam trong
phfing ABeD, co tilm Ul giiia EF, ban
k(nh 40mm.
Command: UCS
c
Hinh 9-1
Origin!ZAxis!3pointiEntity!ViewIXlY!ZlPreviRestoreiSaveiDeli?!<World>: 3
Origin <chQn dit'!m A Osnap modes! END>
Point on positive portionof X-axis< ... >: <chQn D>
Point on positive -Y portion of the UCS XY plane < ... >: '<chQn B>
Command: line
From point: <dung Osnap modes/ MID chi AD>
To point: < dung Osnap modes/ MID chi vila do*n Be>
To point: .J
Command: circ1e
3P!2P{lTR/<Center point>: <dung Osnap modes/MlD va chi vila EF>
Diameter/<Radius>: 40 .J
eM thich: huang tryc z trong hi) ues duqc xac djnh theo quy h1c ban tay phai; tuc Iii. &.it ngon cii theo
chit"u ducmg x, ngon tro thea chi6u ducmg y va ngon giG'a vuClng g6c vai long ban tay thl n6 chi
uuong tryc z.
81
9.1.2; Cac each nh.i> dii!m 3D
Ta co cac phuC1ng phap nhtJ.p diim 3D nhu sau
- Cho t9a d6i: x,y,z
- Cho tQa d(> tucmg d6i: @x,y,z so vai diem truoc do xl,yl,zl.
- Cho' tQa d(> tn,l WOllg d6i: @p<<p, z trong do: p Ii khoang each til diem vi! tai diem
truoe do, cp lit gee tir trl,lc.x tai ve (trong XV), con z 13. tQa d(> thee tfl,lC z.
- Cho tQa d(> cAu wong d6i: @pp<cr trong do p 13 khoang each tir diem vi! loi diem
trube do, <p HI goc lit diem ve so voi tf\lc x (trong XV), a Ii goc tit phing (XY) toi diem
vo (xem hinh 93).
- Dung phim pick chut.
- Dung bl) lQc tQa d(> Du6i day tdnh bay CI,l the phuong phap nay.
* Lt;Jc tqa 49 diim(Point Filter)
Trong qua tdnh ve, khi cae tQa d diem b<,m co the dl,l'a vao tQa d(> x, y,
z cua cae diem thuc d6i tm;mg da co bfing each dung bl) lQc tQa d diem. B(> IQc nay
biet khi dung kt hqp vai OSNAP MODES.
Khi dang b trong mQt ACAD yeu du nMp bI).n c6 the dap nhu sau:
+ Dap ''.X'' ",Y", ''.Z'': h1"y cimg tQa d x y, Z ooa diem da co nao?
+ Dap ",XY" ".YZ", ".ZX": lay cung tQa d x,y y,z Z,X v6i diem da:
co nao?
Ta xet each dung b lQc diem qua cae vi dl,l sau day:
Vi 1: eho kh6i hp, ve tfl,1 co tAm day du6i (x=x
M2
, Y=YMI' :z=60), chi6u cao 13. 20,
ban kinh Hl 40.
Command: ucs
Origln/ZAxisl3pointiEntilyNiew/X/y/Z/PrevlReslore/SavelDel/?1<World>: 0
Origin point<. .. >: .X
Of <bAt diem gifr. M2>
(need yz): .Y
Of <bAt diem giila MI> (need z): 60
Command: circle
3P/2PfTIR!<Center point>: 0,0,0
Diameter/<Radius>: 40
Command: change
Select objects: 1 (last-ch<;m dubng
tron vua ve xong)
Properties/<Change point>: P
Change what property(ColorJE1ev/
LAyer/LType/LtScalefThickne,,): T
New thickness< ... >: 20
Change what property(ColorJElev/
LAyer /LType/LtScalefThickness):.J ...
Vi 2: Vi! dubng gap khue A'EFB' Hlnh 9-2
mai nha va ve eira MNPQ nhu sau.
1. VO mai AEFB'
Command:
LINE from point:
To point:
Of
82
Line
<dung Osnap mode/END de bat mut A'>
.XY
<Osnap mode/MID biit diem gilia ella A'D'>
(need z): 160
.XY To point:
Of
(need z):
<Osnap mode/MID bat giua cua B'C'>
.z >.
Of
To point:
To point:
Command:
LINE from point:
To point:
"To point:
Command:
LINE from point:
<Osnap mode/END bat diem E>
<Osnap mode/END bi\! diem B'>
.J .
.J
<Osnap mode/END bat D'>
<Osnap modefEND bat E>
.J
.J
<Osnap modejEND bat F>
To point:
<Osnap modelEND bat C>
To point: .J
2. Vi! eira MNPQ
Command: line
From point: .YZ
of <bat dinh A>
(need x): 20
To point: @0,0,90 (diem N)
To point: .yz
of <bat N>
(need xl: 60 (diem P)
Th point: .. xy
of P>
(need z): 0
Th point: ;,J
9.1.3. Si'1 d\1ng 'CAL {calculator) xoic dinh
Hinh 1).3
Sir l?nh 'CAL e6 dirih eae diem bang cae bieu thUe vt<; to va cae s6, de
t(nh toan cae ham s6 thOng thuemg, cae phep tlnh tao
o Ctic phip tinh va cae htlm thllltng trong CAL
+,-
0,/
()
abs(x)
abs(vector)
ang(PI,P2)
ang(vector)
dist(PI,P2)
dpl(A,PI,P2)
dpp(A,PI,P2,P3)
ill(PI,P2,P3,P4)
ilp(A,B,PI,P2,P3)
cng, trlr cae 56 va vecta
nha.n, chia cae 56 va vecta
nh6m thuc
lGy thua ella 1 56
gia tr, d6i cua s6 thl!c
do dai vecta
g6c giua duang thing PIP2 va x
g6c giua 1 vecta va tn.lC x.
khoimg each giaa 2 die:m Plva P2
khoang each giua die:m A V.l duang thing PlP2
khoangcach giua A va phing piP2P3
giao dim 2 duang PIP2 va P3P4
giao diem coa duang thing AB voi phing PIP2P3.
83
mee hay (end+cnd)/2
rad
11m giLra ella (hang dUQ'c xac djnh bai 2 mut.
tim ban kfnh cung tron
pld(PI,P2,dist) tIm trcn dlf(lng thfing PI P2 vii each PI Ihtmg
dist cho tmoc.
r2d(x)
d2r(x)
d6i radian x sang dO
d6i goc x di? sling radian
quay di6m A quanh tam PI di 1 goc u.
quay diem A quanh tn.lc PI P2 eli I goc a
rol(A,P I ,a.)
rol(A,PI,P2,a.)
u2w(P I)
w2u(PI)
dOi IQa di? PI tlt h UCS hin Ihai sang WCS
d6i IQa di? diem PI tit WCS hin thai sang UCS
Tn!n day 13 mi?t s6 thOng thuang nhat(xem trong AutoLlSP).
* Cach g9i /Ilh CAL
Command:
Expression:
Vi 1,' Trnll vccto
Command: cal
cal
vao thuc >
Expression: ISO, I 00,-60]+11 00,200, 160]
(ISO,300, I 00)
Vi 2:
Cho ttr din APIP2P3, {rang eto
A(70,40, I 00), PI (0,0,0), P2(S6, I 00,0),
P3(160, IS,O) (hinh 9-4).
a. Ve dUOng thtmg AB vuOng goc
vai phlmg PI P2P3.
b. Ve duong thrmg ILt giao diem H
clla dLtang. thAng AS vai phang
PIP2P3.
c. Tim khoang each tlt chan duang
vuOng goc (K) ke tit H toi AP3 voi
ph5ng API P2.
- Vo duong AB
Command: line
From point: <bAI dinh A>
To point: @0,0,-170 (di6m B)
To point: .J
- Vi; duong HK
Command: line '
From point: 'cal
Hinh 94
Expression: ilp(cnd,end,end,end,end) (tim giao diem 1-1)
Select entity ror END snap: <btl! A, B,PI,P2,P3>
(70,40,0) <cho ket qua t911 dt) giao H>
To point: per (ve dUOng vuOng g6c HK)
To <chi vao dUOng AP3>
To point: .J
- Tim khoang each tit K tOi mi.\t phang APIP2
Command: cal
Expression: dpp(INT,END,END,END)
X4
K
INTor
END of
65.9145
<chi van K>
<bal A, PI ,P2>
(ke! qua nay la kholmg each tit K to', m(lt phftng API P2)
Chu thich' [)ung 'CAL Iro giup khi nh(\p 11;1<1 dt) ella diQm ella llwi lflnh ve.
9.2. DI!l:U KHI!l:N HlEN HINH ANH 3D
9,2.1. Dim nhin (Vpoin!)
Trong kh6ng gian bi).n cOlhe thay deli diem nhln (Viewpoint) de quail sal the
a vi trf thfch hQ'p bc;lO mu6n. do b<;tll co the thl.rc hin de thay deii mai eho d6i tll'Q'ng ve.
L$NH VPOINT (ChQn di6tn nhln)
* Ckh g<;>i Inh III menu:
Menu bar >View > Setview > Viewpoint> Set Vroint
Screen menu> Display> Vpoin!
* Go Inh Itr ball phfm:
Command: Vpoint
Rotate/<View point.> < ... >:
+ Dar djnh: eho diem nhil1 mai, diem dich djnh Ii (0,0,0). mu6n co hinh
chieu bling chQn nhlo (0,0,1); mu6n co hinh chien d(mg ch<;m diem nhlo (0,-1,0); chc;m
dim (-1,0,0) cho h'inh chiu cq,nh, va dim (1,-1, I) eha hlnh chieu tn:le do vuong goc cIu
(hlnh 9-5).
,
mnh 95
+ R: cho dim nhln mai cae g6c xoay:
Enter angle in XYplane from X axis <..'>:
Enter angle from XY plane< ... >:
Hinh 9-6 a !fen chi ra dch xac d,nh cae goc nay.
Chii. thich:
p
y"""JX
H'inh 96
<eho gOc xoay tir tfl:le X trong
phtmg XV>
<cho goc xoay tir phling
XY len hay xu6ng>
+ N!!u dong nh,ic dau tien fin Enter sc hil;11 ra m(H la han (Compass) h1nh 9-7 b'.lll chi di CO!llro
qtLanh vong Iron sc chon UIlQC nhl.n \Ilong ling l\leo y
85
z
1BDO
x
Hlnh 9-7
" .... -0
Ilinh 9-X

45'
30'
10'
0'
+ CO eha fa la bim (hlnh 9-7), eho nhln hrmg de g6c qua hic:u do (hlnh 9-8) llt menu
Menu bM> View> Setvicw > Viewpoint> Axes I Presels ...
LENH DVIEW
Lnh DV1EW (Dynamic View) eila ta quan sat duqc hlnh anh 3D d(Jng. a day dCmg
kh<ii Camera (m,lY ilnh) va Target (dfch nhln t6i) quan S<II quanh lhe.
* each gqi I?nh tir menu:
,-----------------,
Menu bar> View> Set view> Dview
Screen menu> Display> Dview
* Go lnh Ill' ban phim:
Command: dview
Select object: <chQI1 cae d6i luqng>
CAmeraiTArgetlDistanceiPOintiPAiZoomiTWistiCLipiHidei
OtTiUndoi<eXil>:
Dap cae h!a ch(;m:
CA: eho cae goc quay camera.
_ TA: quay dfch (c16i tuqng ve) quanh camera.
_ D: di chuyen camera dQc tia nhln, cling 1a mode ph6i canh.
_ PO: eho dich target va dicim camera.
PA: xe d!eh imh tren hlnh.
_ Z: eh(re nang Hay co 2 ch d<): nu i:J trong mode ph6i canh thl gi6ng nhl1 tang giam
ei! ella may nnh; th{r 2 IS. tit ehc c19 ph6i canh, thl Zoom gi6ng nhtr thOng thuong.
_ TW: xotl11 xoay camera eli I g6e.
_ CL: dlfl1g m<)t cal vuOng g6e vui tia nhln, do d6 phiin tlui phfa sal! ho;::te phfa
tnr6'c cat do b! ehe khuat tlly theo b<.'n It.ra ch<;m Baek/Front. CGng co th6 Ilion IliOn b!
chc khuat neu ch<,>n OFF
Hinh 9-9 lil dui tlrqng 3D sau khi dung \nh Dview/ CL/Fron!.
_ H: giau cae net khuA't cl6i Itrqng chQIl.
_ 0: tfit mode phei dlllh.
_ U: hlly be, vira
_ X: thuc Dview va gilt I'.\i qua cua
Inh nay. Chu y rang tlll.tc hin Dview rna kh6ng
chip "X" thl qua cu6i cling kh6ng duqc gifr l<.1i.
LENH PLAN
nay thiet hlnh chieu bang etta d6i tuqng
ve (diem nhin 0,0, I) theo mt b'.\l1 chQIl.
* Cach goi lenh tir menu:
Menu bar> View> Setview > Plan view ...
Screen menu> Display> Plan ...
* Go lnh tir bim phim:
Command: plan
<Curen! UCS>/Ucs/World:
Hinh 99
+ O;:ip dinh: 'hiet hlnh chieu bang thee UCS hin hanh.
+ U: ,hie' hlnh chieu btlllg thee UCS da: duqc lUll tnrac do, ACAD se hoi ttn
+ W: hinh chieu bang thee h chufin.
9.2.2. Che duang khuat, to bong the
LENH HIDE
Lnh nay se be di dc net khuat tren d6i tlTqng 3D (hlnh 9-10).
Chu y: TruOe khi gQi !nh HIDE. b,.tn dn hin solid dl.tng !u6i:
MQDEL> Display> Mesh.
* Okh g9i Jnh tu menu:
RENDRE> Hide
* Go Inh ttf ban phfm:
Command: hide
Tn.r& I--!IDE Sau IIIDE
I-I'inh 910
LENH SHADE
UCS.
Lnh SHADE de: phtl len d6i ,uqng 3D bong ella mau g6c va che giau cac net khual.
No kht'mg chiu anh IHrOng eua anh sang. B{m ve SHADE ch'; dung de xem, kh6ng xu{!,
ra dtrqc.
X7
RENDER
Lnh RENDER dtmg de 10 bong d6i tuqng 3D thea chien sung, cuang d(:t s:ing va
lo<.ti <'inh sang (hlllh 9-11 ).
Hlnh 911
c<lu hlnh render, co cae Jnh sau day:
Lnh LIGHT: dung them vao nguon sang m6i, 10<)1 ngu6n sling, cuang di:) silng va
chinh x6" eli ngu6n S{lllg cHi co.
Lnh FINISH: de t<.to fa d.e lrau chuot eho kt 16 bong v;\ hiu chinh mall \0 eho
lUng doi LUqng. h s6 ch6i s.ing. cit? khuech Ian, cit) siing eLla anh sang b<lO qunllh, d(:t rc,mg
eho dom eh6i sang.
9.2.3. Kh6ng gian v*t the (Mspacc), kh6ng gian gia.r ve (Pspacc) va viewports
1. Khong gian "(it thl va khOlJg giml giay ve-
ACAD eho b<.tn khil nang nun vic (rong hai kh6ng gian: kh6ng gian V(lt the (Mspace=
Model space) khong gian giay ve hay khang gian phrmg (Pspacc= Paper space). Trong
kh6ng gian tht b<;ln co vc cac d6i Ilwng 2D hay 3D. Con trong kh6ng ginn giay ve
b<,ln ghi ehu, xp va in cae hlnh chieu khae nhau clla doi tuqng.
Khi chuyen cl6i gii1a Mspacc va Pspacc, ACAD se nhttc b<.111 bien h thong TILE-
MODE i. OFF(O) va goi ienh MSPACE hal' PSPACE.
y
W
x
Msp<1cC icon
x
I'space il:on
Hlnh 9-12
LENH MSPACE&PSPACE
* each gQi lnh MSPACE, PSPACE IiI menu:
Menu bar> View> Model space ... /paper space ...
Screen menu> Display> Mview > Mspacc ... !pspace ... '
* Go Jnh tll: bim phfm:
Command: mspacc pspace)
Ghi ch(i:
+ Bl,In c6 chuytn dbi giua kh6ng gian the va khOn-g gian gifly vi: bang dieh th"y dOi gia tr! cua
hien TILEMODE 0/1
+ ,-nnh 12 Iii de bieu lltt;1ng (icon) ell<l kh6ng gian Ihtf va khOng gian giay ve.
2. Viewports
Viewport 14\ ITIQI khung nh'in anh 20 hay No co d<;lng hlnh ehu tren mt phdn
hay toan b hlnh. ACAD eho phep rna cae viewport s cung mt hie. M6i viewport
co the chQn diem nh'ill vpoin! khac nhau de c6 hl11h chieu dung, hinh chieu btmg, hlnh chieu
q.nh, hlnh nOi, vv ... eua
LENH VPORTS
Lnh nay chi thL.rc hin khi bien TILEMODE Ht ON(I); no t;w ra cae khung nhlll eo
dinh ke nhall.
Command: vports
Save/RestorelBelete/Singlel ?/2/<3>/4:
;AD - {DraWing dwgJ EI
-rQ}
IS]
I:)

fh
.J
."._yports _
3
.. ,.- ,<=-"" - ftRIOiOFITI--!' J iTill
C9.Do'f1lS'!Aut!lCAO -(Drawing ... >
Hlnh 9-13: Dung Vports 1'.10 3 vicwports nhau.
uioCAO ...
pOlis:
ayoul:
Save ";
Retlme
Oelete
m.
ingle
1

Horizont
el'tical
bove
Below
left
Right
81
Dar de Iva ch<;m:
+ $: cat m!)t dinh d<;lng viewport v6i ten bi.1ll d(lt si'r v6 sau.
+ R: dlra ra Ill!)t viewport cia luu.
+ D: xoa di viewport dang 1m\,
+ S: t<.t0 mQt viewport don.
+ ?: danh sach cac viewport dang d(>ng va V! trf eLla chung.
+ 2,3,4: ra 2 ,3 hay 4 viewports nhau lien tiep.
Chli y: Khi c6 nhieu vit:.w(XJns Iren man hlnh, b'.lIl chi c6th':: lam vic lrcn lUng viewpon mit Ih6i I nnh
9-13 lit man hlnh duqc 140 vai viewporls ke nhau btlllg lnh VPORT,
Ll;.NH MVIEW
Lnh nay eOng dung de t<.lo cae khung nhln d(>og(Floating viewports), de:
cae viewports, vie giau cae duemg khl!at tren viewport khi in tren kh6ng ginn
't,' -
gl<ly ve.
Cae viewports t<,to ra bang lnh nay eo diem: ACAD eoi dc viewports nhu la
cac nguyen the: ve ella n6, do d6 b"m co the: vii hiu ehinh cae vicwp0rls a V! trf tLIY y,
cac vicwports co eham Jen nhau. Ngtrai la IJurong dtlng Jnh MVJEW t<,IO ciie khllng
nhln d(>ng de: hlnh chieu dung, hlnh ehicu bang, hlnh chieu c1.ll1h va hinh chieu 3D ella
the:; Sal! do dung ZOOM v6'i Iy J bt.ng nhau co Ueh thu6'c wO'ng (rng gifra ba
hinh chieu; tiep dLl1lg Inh MVSETUP vai chqn Align chi chrnh vi trf cac hinh
chieu dllllg duang gi6ng vai nhau. CluJng dl(q'e in ra nhu HI Tl1(>1 nhom Irong kh6ng gian gia"y
ve (Pspace),
I
'"
-C9.DDe
15:48
IIlnh 914: Dung Jnh MVmW 1,.10 de Vicwports Illy 9.
9U
MVIEW chi hi?n khi dill biEn TlLEMOD I. OPP(O).
* each gQi lnh MVIEW tir menu:
0----------,
Menu bar> Mview ...
Screen menu> Mview
,.. Go lnh tu phfm:
Command: mview
ON/OFF/Ridepiot!Fitl2/3/4IRestore/<First point>:
Dap cae l",a ch<;m:
+ ON/OFF: viewport .
+ H: khi in se bi> cae duang khu5t tren cae viewport.s bl:.lll chQn.
+ F: tl:.lO mQt viewport vi'ra khir man hloh.
+ 2/3/4: tl:.lo 2, 3 hay 4 viewports tren man hloh.
+ R: dua mt viewport da hru fa man h'inh.
+ Dap d,nh: cho diem goc thu nhAt ella viewport, sau do cho diem thu 2 Iii dinh d6i
ella viewport.
Hinh 9-14 1a 3 viewport.s tuy '9 duqc tl:.lO fa bi1i lnh MVIEW.
9.3. Mt). T PRANG co s6 (CP) TRONG VE 3D
co SfJ (Base plane) hay ph.ing kien tl:.lo (Construction Plane) HI. cae
dung lam co sa xac d!nh cae diem ella tM' (day tf1;l, day n6n, ml)t ben ella
kh6i hl}p. mt nghieng ella the vv ... ). philng co sa (CP) thuemg dung de
X3.c ml}.t tQa d<,? XY ella hi} tQa nguCri dung UCS khi cac diem trong 3D.
M6i khi thl!C hin ve 3D rna can vao 1- diem, se xu""t hin dong nhac nhu
. vi dl,l sau:
Command: solcone (ve kh6i hlnh non)
Baseplane/Ellipical/<Center poin><O,O,O>: B <de Iflp phllng co sa day non>
Baseplane by Entity/ Last! Zaxis/ View/ XY/YZ/ZX/<3 points>:
Dap cac ll!a ch(;m tren:
+ E: thiet ph.ing co sa trimg vui philng cung tron, phan polyline da ro.
+ L: tn1 phllng co sil ngay tHroc do. -
+ Z: dinh phllng co sa m6'i song song v6i cu, nhung nling len de.') cao z.
+ V: co sa vuOng g6c v6'i tia nhln, din nh*p diem g6c.
+ XY: philng co sa /I v(ri phang XY UCS.
+ YZ: phiing ca sa //vo; YZ ues.
+ ZX: phling ca sa // vo; plr.lng ZX cila Ues.
+ Dap dinh: xac dinh phAng 3
1 st point on plane: cho diem thu nn!{t 13. g6c .
2nd point on plane: cho dio!m thli 2 lUic clinh.hllOng dU(I!lS tf1!c x.
3rd point on pliJne: cho diem thu 3 d.c dinh hu6ng duang y.
Chu y: B<:ln nen dung Mode." de cho CDC diem cho nhanh vA chinh xac.
91
CHUONG 10
cAc LENH VE DUONG vA MAT 3D
. .
Tie-t nay gi6i thiu each vi! trong 3D ella cae polyline, khung (wirefram),
(surfaces), ke ...
LI;;NH3DPOLY
Vnh nay vi! polyline 3D g6m ca.c phan do'.lo thAng.
* each g<;>i lnh tit menu:
r--M-en-u-b-a-r ->-D-r-a-w->-P-o-Iy-I-ine > 3D ]
Screen menu> Surfaces> 3D poly
* Go til ban phfm:
Command: 3dpoly
From point:
Vi:c thl!c hi:n tiep thea lUang ti! nh112Dpolyline.
Vi (hinh 101)
Command: 3dpoly
From point: 7, 51, 0 <cho PI,
dan vi Iamm>
Oose/Undo/<Endpoint of line>:
67.131,50 <1'2>
97,151,20 <1'3>
150,44,0 <1'4>
87,-9,-50 <1'5>
C .J
Ghi eM:
Po
mnh 10-1
- Da tuycn 3D cung co the hiu chinh gi6ng nhU da tuye'n 20 boi lnh PEDIT
- ACAD.rl3/rJ4 cothern lnh SPLINE d6 ve <luemg cong xOlln 3D.
LENH3DFACE
r.nh nay ra mt bao g6m cac mtf.t pluing ke' nhau 3 chitu, m6i dinh c6 t<;>a d
x,Y,z kM.c nhall.
92
VI (hinh 10-2)
Command: 3dface
First point: 80,180,0
Second point: 200,250,40
Third paint: 250,100,80
Fourth point: I .J
130,-20,-50
dan 180 mm>
<P2>
<P3>
(Invisible-ve qnh tip thea khOng tha'y)
<P4>
Third point:
?ourth point:
Third point:
80,180,0 < P5=PI>
I .J
250,100,80 < P6 = P3>
.J
Chli thich: SPLFRAME di).t Iii I, cae
c:.mh eua 3DFACE deu hien thj ra di b:.m co thi SO!;III
thao nhlt 3DFACE e6 cae deu thay.
3DMESH
Lnh nay t'.lO fa mt!t lum kh6ng gian
g6m M hang va N ct')t. Chn y cae dinh
co the cho tQa dt') z tuy y .

Vi du: (hlnh 10-3)
Command: 3dmesh
Mesh M size: 4
Mesh N size: 3
Vertex(O,O): 80,70,80 <dan vi mm>
Vertex(O, I): 80,110,85
Vertex(0,2): 80, 160,80
Vertex(l,O): 120, 70, 85
Vertex (I , I): 120, 110,80
Vertex(I,2): 120, 160,70
Vertex(2,0): 180, 70, 80
Vertex(2,1): 180,lfo,.85
Vertex(2,2): 180, 160,90
Vertex(3,0): 240, 70, 90
Vertex(3,1): 240, llO, 85
Vertex(3,2): 240, 160,75
Vertex(3,3): .J
L1;NH PFACE
P2r--___ _
__
moh 10-2
P4
3,2)
(2.2 3,1 )
(3,0)
(0,0)
Hloh 10-3
Lnh PFACE dung de cac m{lng lum cua cac da gwc 3 chieu (3D polygon mesh).
phai xac d!nh m6i dinh va m6i cua cac da giac.
Vi (hlnh 10-4)
Command: pface
Vertex I: 90,70,0 <dinh I>
Vertex2: 70,140,50
Vertex3: 170,50,100
Vertex4: 220,170,70
Vertex5: J
Facel, Vertex1: 1
Face I, Vertex2: 2
Face I, Vertex3: 3
Facel, Vertex4: 4
Facel, Vertex5: .J
Face2, Vertex 1: 1
Face2, Vertex2: 3
Face2, Vertex3: .J
Face3, Vertex 1: 2
P4
PO
H'ioh 10.4
93
Face3. Vertex2: 4
Face3. Vertex3: 1
Face3. Vertex4: .J
Ghi chu: Cac IWi da giac 3D mesh, pface co thi hiu chlnh boi Inh PEOn:
TAB SURF
Tabsurf (Tabulated Surface) la lnh t'.l-o mij.t vai mN dU'Ong chuAn va mt dU'Ong
th&ng vec to dinh hU'ang dU'Ong sinh
Command: tabsurf
Select path curve: <B<.lfl chQn dU'Cmg chuftn C>
Select direction vector: <aWn dU'Cmg thfing lam vec to hU'Cmg dU'Ong sinh s>
CM y:
+ Vec to d,nh hUOng e6 g6c ia mut
ella thang g.1n diem eh9n.
+ DuOng thang vec to d,nh huang cho
trong 3D.
+ Bl,ln c6 thi d6i d cac duang
sinh bang bien SURFTABl, SURFTAB2.
Hinh 10-5 la VI du ve cac mat
trl! voi cae dU'Cmg c va hU'ang
dU'Cmg sinh s boi lnh TABSURF
trong 3D.
RULESURF
RULESURF (Ruled
Surface) de tao miit kJ bdng each
cho dU'mtg thfing (dU'mtg sinh) di Hinh 10-5
chuyen trtn 2 dU'Ong khac trong khOng gian (gQi la dU'Ong chuan). Hai dU'Ong chuan co the
la dU'Cmg cong. dU'Cmg thing, co the hay ghenh.
Command:
Select first defining curve:
Select second defining curve:
ChUy:
+ Ca 2 duO'ng chuan phai ctmg la dong
kIn, hortc cung ho. Mt trong 2 dUOng chuan
c6 the 13 1
+ Thay d6i d dUang sinh bang
cae bin nhu trong lnh TABSURF.
Hinh 10-61a VI du ve cac mat ke
bilng RULESURF. .
REVSURF (Surface of
Revolution)
Lnh nay de m{lt tron xoay
dung mQt dll'Cmg lam dll'Ong sinh va
mt dU'Cmg tha.ng lam trl!c xoay.
Command: revsurf
Select path curve: <chQn mt
dttOng lam dU'Cmg sinh>
94
rulesurf
<chQn dU'mtg chua.n c 1 >.
<chQn dU'Cmg chmln c2>
Hinh 10-6
Select axis of revolution: <ch<;m tfl;1c xoay>
Sta.;t angle<O>: <cho gOc ban dlu lam g6c xoay>
Included angle(+=CCW, -_CW)<Full circle>: <cho g6c,xoay>
mnh 10-71a VI dl,l t<,Lo cac tron xoay boi Inh REV SURF.
Hlnh 10-7'
Li;,NH EDGESURF (Edge defined surface)
nay \<;10 luoi d\,fa tren C(1 so 4 q.nh ta 4 duemg ghep kin voi nhau.
Command: edgesurf
SelQCt"edge 1: <chQn 1>
SeIec1 qnh 2>
SeleCt edge3:' <chgn c'lIlh 3>
., Select edge4: <cht;>n qmh 4>
Xem vi d1,l trtn hinh 10-8,
eM thich: BI,IIl c6 thi! thay d6i
mfl,t d \lrai cua cac
SURFfABl, SURFfAB2.

4nh ELEVchopMp b'lIl nlog,', ' " i
cao z (Elev) ban 114Q 16nril!)t gill
tri lam nhO len ffi\lt hi! , , ", ,,' , ffmh 10-8
(Thickness) cho dc nguyen the se v! sau do, pbang XY co cao lit 0, d6i nrgng
co be day 0 tuc lit khOng nhO len (ph/lOg), d6i nrgng nhO'len ttil: Iii co hi! day duong va ngugc
1<,Li. '
Command: etev
New current elevation< ... >: <b;:m cho cao ban d1.u m(tt gia tr! mob
New curent thickness<. .. >: <cho be day mcri nhO
HinhlO-91a VI dl;l cho d cao ban diu va nAng bt day Itn thanh cac 3D tlr cac
the 2D.
Vi dl,l 1: Ve binh dvng sua nhuhlnh 10-10. HUCmg dan dtroi day siIdl,lng REVSURF,
ELEV vit TIlICKNESS,
95
1- GQi ban ve khOi thuy ra (vi da: covm ten
"A4.dwg"), cac lap 2D, 3D, va cho nhin
vpoint (1,1,1).
2 Xlic dinh 1 phAng kinh tuyen cua binh sila
- Command: line.
From point: 0,0 (diem A)
To point: @0,100 (diem B, hlnh 1Ol\)
- Nang Thickneess dllbng AB len 150:
Command: change
Select objects: <chi vito AB>
Change what property (Color .... Thicknees)? T
New thicknees< ... >: 150
3 Chuyin UCS tell vi tri phang (XY) trung
vell phang kinh tuyen do (hlnh 1Ol\)
4 Ve dllimg kinh tuyen (Path Curve) vii tay dim
- ml.it phclng (XY) song song voi man hlnh de ve
dllCmg kinh tuyen (Path curve) va tnJ.c xoay (t). a day
dung PLAN/current ucs.
- Dlla lOp 2D ra hin thai. bien FILLMODE=O
(kh6ng to den be r(lng pline). dung PLiNE voi be
r(lng width=3 de ve path curve (hlnh 10-12) .
. Vi! tay dm PUNE vai width=6 (btl day
tay clim). Sau do dung CHANGE/ thickness=12 (btl
r(lng tay d.m).
96
mnb 10-10
Hinh 10-11
'.
5- Dung REVSURF blnh trim xoay
- Xac djnh s6 dui'mg khung luai: SURFfAB1=32,
SURFfAB2=12.
- Command: revsurf
Select path curve: <chi vao Path curve>
Start angle<. .. >: 0
Include angle<Full circle>: .J
- Lam dong(Freeze) liip 2D; chon Vpoint(l,-I,l) va
ROTATE3DI goc 60
0
se co blnh sua nhu hlnhlO-lO
a
VI 2: VO nha kh6ng mID nhu hlnh 10-13 duai
day. Hu6ng dAn sir ve trong 2D, sau do dung
Inh nang dQ cao z de thilnh d6i tuqng 3D.
1- Mil biin ve khiri thuy da cO, ole liip 2D, 3D
2- Ve Mng ngbi nh.
HlohlO-J3
t
A'---------' B
Hlnh 10-12
- Dull lap 2D r. hiD thlli, (kit6ng to den be rQng pline), dung
lnb!'LINE vm be rQng width=4dl eve tui'mg, cQt;eOn cktaiiilAt ttU6r; eira chon be rQng
. width=20 ve dQc em. (hlnb 10-\4), . '"
3- NAng d(> eao z bin ve 2D .!banb ban ve 3D
- Nang d(l cao tulmg va c(lt len 100:
Command: elev
New current elevation< ... >: 0
New current thickness< ... >: .... 100
- Na.ng cao cae til'm lat dla len 4:
Command: elev
97
IT

Ng"e'
K. ... o.' NG_V Hl(N 1i!f'I.I
Hlnh 10-14
New current elevation< ... >: 0
New current thickness< ... >: 4
- VPOINT/(l, I, I) va IflDE che net ta c6 hlnh vi! 3D cua og6i oM
(hlnh 10-13).
98
CHUaNG 11
CHUONG TRiNH AME VE SOLID vA. REGION
ILl. GI()I AME
AME (AutoCAD Advanced Modeling Extention) Ht. m()t chUang trloh dung de mAll
dn (solid) 3D, hay ph&ng (region) 2D trong mOi tntilng AutoCAD.
V 6i solid sir dl,mg cae kh6i co sa ia hinh h()p, n6n, tr1,l. ca.u, xuyen, hloh oem, hloh trcm
xoay. V6i region cae kh6i co sala cae nguyen the khep kin cuaACAD nhu Ia circle, ellipse,
2d polyline, polygon. cae kh6i co sa solid c6 the duqc hqp hay dUQ'c tm vo; nhall, ciing co
the tim phltn giao eua chung bbi ham boole de thArth cae solid m6i hay mall the da
hqp. D6i. ven d.c region cling c6 the UlITl ttrong U!.
KhOi d/ing AME
,. Oich gqi lnh tir menu:
,--------------------,
Screen menu> Model> Utility> Load
Menu bar > Model> Utility> Load Modeler
Go til blm phlm:
Command: (xload "arne")
* Khi gQi mQ:t'lnh cua AME neD AME chua duqc tai thl ACAl) se nhac blp} tii h!
dQog bAng lIri. dAp eho clie dOng sau dAy:
No modeler is load yet. Both AME and Region Modeler available.
Autoload Region! <AME>: <chQn R thi chi thl,lc region, chQn AME
thi thl,l'C hin ca dc ve region va solid>
ThaogaAME
Khi khOng dung AME nila. nen ,Mo go AME de giiIi ph6ng bQ nba .
each gQi tiI menu:

Menu bar > Model> Utility> Unload Modeler
,. Go lnh tiI ban phim:
Command: (xunload "arne")
n.2. cAe SOLID G6C
SOLBOX sol box de ve hlnh hQp)
Command: solbox
Baseplanel Center/<Corner of box>:.
Dap cac IJ!3. chQn:
_ B: xk phAng ea sa (Ci'), tile dAy eita hlnh hQp.
_ C: cho tam hlnh hl)p, san d6 nha.c nha tiejt cho cac tham s6 ve box
_ Dap mij.c dinh: cho cac dinh cua hinh- hp.
99
Vi ve h"p co cae c;;mh day 13 150, 100 va chieu caQ 13 70 nhu san:
Command: box
Baseplane/Center/<Corner of box>: <cho dinh PI tuy y>
Cube/Length/<Other comer>: L
Length: 150 <dQc If\lC x>
Width: 100 <dQc tn,lC Y>
Height: 70 <dQc t1"QC z>
Xem hinh 11-1.
SOLWEDGE (vo hlnh nem 3D)
Command: sol wedge
Raseplanel <Corner of wedge>:
_ Dap B: xac phfing ca sa,
nay chua 1 Mn lang tl\l
day nem).
C1ton mac dinh: chol dinh cua
Wedge(pl\ do thi ve n6 1
trong 2 each sau:
Height
a. + 010 P3: Ia dlnh d6i thu 2 ella day Wedge.
+ Height: cho chieu cao Wedge.
b. + Length: cho chieu dai day Wedge.
+ Width: cho chieu r"og ella day Wedge.
+ Height: cho chieu cao Wedge.
Vi Ve kh6i hloh nem co chieu
da,i va fQng day nem la 150 va
100, chieu cao nem HI 70.
Command: sol wedge
Baseplane! <Corner of wedge>:

<cho dinh PI>
Cube!Length!<Other comer>: L
Length: 150 <dQc tr1;lC x>
Width: 100 <dQc trl,lC y>
Height: 70 <dQc tf\lC r>
Hinh ll-J
Kt qua nhu hlnh 11-2.
SOLCONE (vo hlnh non)
HiDh 11-2
Command: solcone
Baseplanet EllipticaU <Center poinl>:
_ Dap B: de dinh ph&ng co sl1, (&y n6n)
. _ Dap E: cho day non I. ellipse, sau d6 v! lit'p bing 1 Irong 2 each:
1- Apex: cho' dinh n6n; .
100
2- Height: cho cao non. '
_ Dap d!nh: cho tam duang trim day n6n, sau do ve tie'p ba.ng 2'c4ch:
1- Apex: cho dinh n6n;
2- Height: cho cao n6n.
Hinh 11-3 lit d.c non duqc vi! Mng lnh solcone.
SOLCYL (vo kh6i "u)
Command: soleyl
Baseplace! Elliptical/<Center point>:
Dap B: xac dinh phing co
sir (day tI1!).
_ Dap dinh: cho tam duang
tron day tfl,l, sall do ve tip bAng 2
each:
1- Center of other end: cho
tam ducrng tron clla day thu 2
tm; hoac
2-' Height: cho chiell cao tn,l.
_ Dap E: de ve tI1,l co day Iii
ellipse, sau do ve tip bang 1 trong 2
cach nhu tren.
Hlnh 11-4 Iii vi dl,J. ve tI1,l btiog
lnh soleyl.
SOLSPHERE (vo kh6i cAul
Command: solsphere
Baseplane/<Center of sphere>:
_ Dap B: chQn ca sa chua tam cau.
Hinh 11-3
_ Dap ml[lc d!nh: cho tam Call va cho ban kinh hay dUUng kinh cau.
Hlnh 11-5 chi ra call t<;\o ra bang Inh solsphere.
Hioh 11-5
Hioh 11-4
101
SOLTORUS (ve kh6i hinh xuyn)
Command: soltorus
Baseplane/<Center of torus>:
_ Dap B: xac dinh cC1 sa chua tam xuyn.
_ Dap dinh: cho tAm xuyn, sall do cho cae thOng s6 khac:
+ Diameter/<Radius> of torus: <cho dlICmg kinh/ ban kinh xuyn>
+ Diameter/ <Radius> of tube: <cho dlICmg kfnh/ban kfnh ella vong trOD siuh>
Vi d\l ve xuyn nhu chi ra tren hlnh 11-6.
Hinh 11-6
11.3. KEO cAc NGUYEN THf 2D THANH cAc u61 TUQNG 3D
SOLIDIFY
Lnh nay de cae nguyen the eua ACAD trong 2D (circle, ellipse, donut, trace,
polyline, polygon) thanh cae solid hay region. Neu cae nguyen da: c6 be day (thickness)
se dugc dOi thanh cae solid; cbn cae nguyen the khOng co bt day se dugc d6i thanh cae
reglou.
Command: solidify
Select object: < chi vAonguyen the clln dOi>
Xem vi dl,l tren hloh 11-7: ;.,.-
KIl6NG THICKNESS CO THICKNESS
Hinh 11-7
102
SOLEXT (extrusion = keo len)
nay t<.LO fa cae solid bang ca.ch ten cao tit cae nguyen the 2D (circle, ellipse,
polyiine, polygon, donut) hay tu cae region d co.
Command: solext
Select objects: <ChC;>D nguyen thE 2D hay region>
Height of extrusion: <cho chieu cao keo "ltn, co the am dl1cmg>
Extrusion taper angle<O>: <cho gOc. vu6t so v6'i dlJCmg th:1ng dUng z, tu 0-90>
Hinh 11-813 ml)t 86 solid t<;to fa bang each keo len.
mnh 11-8
11.4. SOLID TRON XOA Y
SOLREV (revolution = quay)
Dung ln"tl nay t<.LO fa cae solid bang phep quay cae nguyen 2D hay cae region cua
ACAD di I gOc tily y.
Command: solrev
. Select objects: <chQn d.c nguyen the 2D hay region>
Axis of revolution-EntitylXlYl<Start point of axis>:
_ Dap E: chQn xoay lit dO<:m thing da co, hay phAn do .... " ella polyline. Clui y rfing
chc;m chieu duang eua xoay litn quan den dl1cmg cua goc xoay. D6. lit chieu tit
diem chqn gcin 1 dciu ella dUCmg-thDng mut tha 2 clla dl1Cmg thcing .do; coo cbieu
duang cua goc x6ay d1}ll
thea xoay vll
ngugc quay kim
d6ng hi!.
_ X hay Y: dUng
tfl,lc x bay tfl,lc y clla M.
ues hin thai lam tn,Jc
xoay.
_ Dap djoh: cho
2 diem cua trl,lc.xoay.
Sau do cfin cho goc
xoay til 0-360.
H"inh 11-9 la m(lt s6
bloh tron xoay t<:t0 ra til
solrev.
Hloh 11-9
103
u.s. cAc PHEP ToAN BOOLE DOl VOl cAc SOLIDS V A REGIONS
SOLUNION (hqp C .. lC solids va regions)
4nh nay lien kii cae solids vai nhau, cae regions vai nhau Ihanh cae solids hay
regions moi.
Command: sol union
Seleclobjec[s: <chQIl d.c solid hay region>
Hlnh 11- 10 chi ra d.c VI 1;:.10 de solid region da hqp.
UNION
UNION
a.V&i regions h.V6i solids
Hinh 1110
SOLSUB (Irtr cae sol ids vll regions)
rnQl region hay solid da hqp bang each trit cae regions hay solids ch<;:m IhCt I vOi
cae region hay solid chc:;m sau.
Command: solsub
Select objects: <ch<.>n region hay solid bj Irlr>
Objects to subtract from them ...
Seleclobjects: <chQIl cae region hay solid duqc tril>
Hay xem hlnh 11-11 ia cae vi dlJ. da hqp subtract.
SOLINT (giao de solids va regions)
Lnh nay l<:t0 fa cac solids hay regions da hqp iii phtin chung ella cae d6i tuqng duqe
ehQn.
Command: solint
Select objects: <chQn cac d6i tuqng lay phAn giao>
Hinh 11-12 la vi dy. lily giao cl\a 2 kh6i
11.6. HIj:;U CHiNH ,TRA cOlJ VE SOLID, REGION
SOlSEP (sep"rale = pMn raj
nay de pMn di cae solids hay regions da hQ'p (IiI cae Inh sol union, solsub, solint)
tMoh cae solids, regions goc ban diiu.
104
SOLSUB
SOLSUS
u. V oi regions b.Vui solids
Hlnh 11-11
SOLI NT SOLINT
a.V6i regions b.V6'i solids
Hlnh 11-12
105
'.
Command: soisep
Select .object: <chQn d6i tuqng phan ra>
SOLCHP (change propoties)
nay cho dieu kin thay dOi d.c tinh mau sac, kich thubc, xoa, copy ... d_c
solids, regions goc cung nhu da hqp.
Command: so1chp
Sele"ct a solid ro region: <chQn solid hay region>
Color/ Delete! Evaluate/ Instance/ Move/ Next/ Pick/ Replace/ Size/
/eXit/ <N>:
Dap cac ll!a chQn:
_ C: thay d6i mau sac
_ D: xoa kh6i g6c
_ E: evaluate = u6c luqng, cho phep b'.ln ubc luqng xem cac thay dbi anh huirng the nilO
tbi da hqp.
_ I: t'.lo ra mt bim sao kh6i goc rna kh6ng phan ra da hqp chua no.
M: di kh6i g6c.
_ N: chQn kh6i g6c ke tiep trong da hqp.
_ P: chi vao kh6i g6c khac trong da hqp dil chQn.
_ R: thay th kh6i gOc da chQn boi mt solid hay mt region khac.
_ S: cho' phep thay dbi kfch thuGC cua khoi goc dil chQn lrong da hqp.
_ X: exit - ket thuc Inh solchp va ghi cae thay d6i.
SOLMOVE
Lnh solmovc cho phep b'.ln di chuyen quay solid, region.
Command: solmove
Select objects: <chQn cac d6i tm;mg>
Sau khi chQn d6i tuqng, m!)t h t<;lm thai MCS (Motion Coordinate System) XUllt
hin de chQn phm;mg thuc di chuyen. Sau do b<;ln hay dap dong nhac sau:
?I <Motion description>: }'
T'.li day dua vao d.c mO ta chuyen d!)ng bang cach dap cac ll!a chQn sau:
_ e: tr!,lc z cua h MCS dQc theo 1 c'.lnh solid, region
_ f: tfl,lc Z clla h MCS dQc theo I clla solid, region.
_ u: MCS trlIng vbi h UCS.
_ w: MCS trung v6i h WCS.
_ ae: (align to edge) di MCS cung v6i d6i tuqng chQn tai mQt q,nh cua d6i tuqng
khac.
_ af: (align to face) di chuyen MCS cung vai d6i tuqng chQn tai mt clla d6i tuqng
khac.
_ au: (align to UCS) di chuyn d6i tuqng chQn sao cho MCS trung voi h UCS.
_ aw: (align to WCS) di chuyen d6i tuqng chQn sao cho MCS trung v6i h WCS.
_ rxd: quay d6i tuqng quanh x di mQt goc d dQ.
106
_ ryd: quay d6i tuqng quanh y di mt goc d do.
_ rzd: quay d6i tuqng quanh z di mQt g6c d dQ.
_ txl: (translate) dai d6i tuqng dQc theo x di mt dO<.lI1 I.
_ tyl: dai d6i tuqng dQc thee y di mQt 1.
_ tzl: dai d6i tuqng d<;>c thee z di mt dO<;ln I. .
_ 0: (origin orientation) dua d6i tuqng dil di chuyen trt1 ve V! tri dau.
. Vi dl!: am hlnh ban (hlnh 11- \3a), hay di chuytn kh6i Itn trtn kh6i hp titl'p
lye di chuyen kh6i non len kh6i tf1:l.
Command: solmove
Select objects: <chQn kh6i tIl;l. h ues vao tAm day tnp
?1<Motion description>: af <di chuyen MCS cilllg tev da chQn tm ml)t coa
doi tUQllg kbac>
select face to define destination coordinate system: . <chi VaG I c<;lnh a
eua hlnh h9P>
Next/<OK>: <dap N de chQn ke vOi da cbt;m, OK - d6ng y>
Sau khi OK, kh6i In! chuy.!n tm I g6c tren cua kh6i hp (hlnh 1l-\3b).
?/<Motion description>: tx60 <tinh tien tl1,l dQc x di mt
60=1/2 kh6i hp>
trtn
?1<Motion description>:
?1<Motion description>:
ty60
.J <tr1,l chuyen tai tam kh6i hQp.
hlnh 11-13c>
Command: ues <chuyen ues tai tam day non>
Command: solmove
select objects: <ChQD kh6i non>
?/<Motion description>: at
select face to define destination coordinate system: <chi vao day tTlP
Next/<OK>: N
Next?<OK>: OK
?1<Motion description>: .J <kit qua hloh 11-13d>
b)
a}
c)
d)
Hinh 11-13
107
SOLSECT (sol sect = mat dt)
B<.tn co tht dung nay de thie't cal (thift cua solid.
Command: sol sect
Select objects: <chQIl solid>
Select plane by Entity/LastiZaxislVicw/XY/YZ/ZX/<3 point>:
B<,lll dap cae Iva chon phllng eftt lUang II! nhu each xac dinh phang cct sa. Chli
y di.il cae bien xac d,nh ch d g'.leh g<;tch citt !lhl! sau:
+ SOLSECTYPE:
1- kh6i ciu;m t<,lo thanh Ill' cae duans Ihdng, cling Iron.
2- kh6i chQn l<.t0 Ihanh tit de polyline.
3- kh6i ch<,>11 1<,\0 thanh Il! de region.
+ SOLlIPAT: ehe mall S<.tch (Pattern).
+ SOLANGLE: eho g6c nghicng eua dubng soc.
+ SOLSIZE: cho khm'mg dch giua 2 dlt<rng
H1nh 11-14 it!. vi dy dlmg Inh soiseci g<.tch cItl ehe solid.
IIlnhll14
SOLCHAMP
Lnh solchamp de vat mep solid da chQI1 deh 1:,\0 ra kh6i theo kich Ihu6c b<,lll
ehe va It! dQng hQ'p vao hay tru di vai solid chQn.
108
Command:
Select base surface:
Next/<OK>:
solchamp
<chi van I ella co so Clla solid>
<nell co so chon dung thi .J, nell khOng dung
hay go N de chQn kt
Pick edges of this face 10 be champhered (press ENTER when done):
<chi vao dc qnh ban dn val, r6i U"n ENTER>
Enter distance along base sucrface < ... >: <cho dOi.1Il vat dQC theo co sCt>
Enter distance along ajacent surface< ... >: vilt dqc ke
Tren hlnh 1115 la vi dy. v6i solchamp.
SOLFILL
c6 the Iltf!11 Iron cac g6c ella solid bang Inh nay.
l-finh 1115 '
Command: solfill
Select edges of solidto be filleted (Press ENTER when done):
<chQn dic c<,lnh can luqn Iron Clla solid, r6i a'n ENTER>
Diameter/<Radius>of fillcl< ... >: <cho duCtng klnh hay ban kfnh cung luqn>
I nnh 11-16 chi ra VI up Inh sol fill.
l-finh 1116
SOLCUT
oay 111 dung de: dt cae sol id bOi phAng va co the giG' nlia flaO d6, hay
giG' l'.li cit 2 mia.
Command' <;olcut
Select objects: <chQn cae solid>
Otting plane by Entity/Last(Zaxis/View/xYIYUZX/<3 point>:
<chQn phang cM, gi6ng nhu chQn m(\I phc1ng cd sC!>
Both side/<Point on desired size of the plane>:
_ Dap B: gilt c.a 2 Illla duqc cat.
_ Dap dinh: eho I a phla ben Ilaa the dll'qc giG' l'.li.
Vi dlF dung SOLCUT cat b6 nih the.
Command: soleut
Select objects: <chQn solid >
Cutting plane by Fntity/Last/Zaxis/View/XYfYzn:xJ<3 point>:
phAng cat di qua 3 gilia ella 3 e .... nh ben song song nhau>
Both sideJ<Point on desired size or the plane>: <osnlp1END bat I dinh thu<>c nira
53U e6a solid>
Hinh 11-17 minh hQa ka't qua dung soleut VI d6.
109
Hiohl1-17
SOLPROF (Profile = bao hlnh, nhln thay)
Lnh nay dung de thiet hlnh bao eho cae solid (Profile image). Oie buoe
thl!e hin:
1- bien TILEMODE gia tfj 0 (off).
2- Chuyen sang khOng gian the MSPACE: Mview>Fit>Mspaee.J
3- Command: solprof
Ssleet objects: <eh9n cae solid>
Display hidden profile line on separate layer?<Y>:
co mu6n cae duang bao khuAt duqe tren cae lap rieng bit khOng>
+ neu b'.ln dap N thl teft d. cae duemg proftle la duemg thi'fy.
+ nell dap Y se cae duang bao thay va khU<lt vao 2 lap (layer) rieng: PV - lap cae
duimg bao thay, PH' lap cac duimg bao khuat.
Project.proflle line onto a plane?<Y>: <e6 ehieu duemg bao len mQt

+ neu dap Y se thiet cae profile thay va khuat mQt phing (2D).
+ neu dap N thiet cae profile thAy va khllAt the 3D.
Delete tangential edges?<Y>: <co xoa cae qnh tiep xlle, cae dut'mg
ehuyen tiep ella hai khOng?>
4- Sau do mu6n xem hlnh bao!ren nguyen 1M, hay dlmg LAYER de (OFF)
lap ban chua solid g6c.
Hlnh 11-18 neu ra vi dung lnh solprof.
Hioh 11-18
SOLFEAT (Features = net d.c trung)
Lnh solfeat eho phep b1,ln trieh cae qnh hay cae tnrng tit cae solid, region.
Command: solfeat
Edge! <Face>:
_ Dap E: de ehQn cae e1,lIlh tnrng eua solid hay region. AME eho phep b1,ln eh9n loan
b cae qnh (ALL) hay ehQn tUng qnh (Select). Neu solid thi khOng phili khung
(wire) thi AME nhae b'.ln co ehuyen sang d1,lIlg kh6ng (YIN ?).
110

Sol FEAT /Faoe
mnh 1119
_ Dap dinh: chQn ca.c d<Jc tnmg ella solid hay region. B<;ln co the ch<;m tat
c3 cae mQt Ilk (ALL), hay chQn timg (Select). Neu chQn timg thi ca.n lra
li1i chQn ke' tiep N hay d6ng y do OK", VI solid co hai chung
mQt c<.tJlh.
Xem vi dl,l leto hloh 11-19.
SOLAREA
Lnh solaTea de Hoh din tkh cua solid, region.
Command: solaTea
Select objects: <chQn d6i tlIqng tfoh din tfeh>
hien ra ket qua ph1,l thu<: dij.t hai bien sall da.y (xem SOLVAR &phln sau):
SOLSOLIDIFY = 1,2,3
SOLAREAU = sq em < cm
2
>
SOLINTERF
khi ohin loh trong 3D kh6ng thiy ro cae solids c6 giao nhau kh6ng,
SOUNlERF dung de thc\m Ira xem cae solids co phan giao nhau neu co thi AME
se hoi
Creat interrerence solids?<N>: <co 1'.10 solid tir phan chung do kh6ng>
SOLMASSP
nay ti'nh toan kh6i Im;:mg va cae tinh khae (nhlIla the tich, din tieh be!
tQa d trQng tam, m6 men quan Hnh ... ) cua solid .region d6i vOi h ues
Command:
Select objects: .. <chQq d6i tuqng>
Sau d6 lren mw hlnh I1l ba.1!1 cae ktl qua, va ohio Dha b\ eo cAn ghi kel qua do
thanh mQI fIle khOng: .
Write to a fi1e?<N>:
SOLMESFf& SOLWIRE
_ Solrnesh: de thi cae solid hay region fum (mesh). d lu6'i eua
chung phI! thUC vao gill tei bitn SOLWDENS em SOLVAR).
_ Solwire: de hien th! cae solid hay region <4ng cae dlIoog khung tren cae d
cac dlt/mg khung phI! thu(lc vao bin SOLWIRE.
Hinh 11-20 eho vi d1,l hin cac solid bCri cac solmesh vaf solwire.
SOLMAT: (gan liu cho solid, region)
Lnh sol mat gan liu cho cac solids, regions. B;;m cung eo the thay d6i va
nghia l<;li eac liu dang t6n
111
112
SolMESH SolWIRE
Hinh 1120
Command: solmat
ChangelEditILIsI/LOadlNew/Remove/SAve/SETI?I<eXil>:
Dap cae h!a ch<;>n d6 nhu sall:
C: thay d6i liu gan vm solid, region; cae nhie nha tie(>:
+ Select objects: <chQn d6i tuqng tbay>
+ New material< ... >: <cho ten liu, hay gO ? de xem danh sach
E: cho phep bc:m thay d6i cae tham s6 ella liu.
+ Material name: <ten liu dn thay d6i, vi du copDer>
+ Material COPPER: .
1. Density,kgicu_m ......................... 8940 <kh6i luqng riengkgicm
3
>
2. Young's modulus,GN/sq_m ........... 17.5 <mOdun dan h6i GN/m
2
>
3. Poisson's ratio ............................. 0.345 <he s6 dan nO>
4. Yield strength, MN/sq_m ............... 330 <db ben u6n MN/m2>
5. Ultimate strength, MN/sq_m ......... .380 tin k60 MN/m2>
6. Thennal conductivity coeff ............. 386 <h 86 dAn nhit>
7. Linear expansio coeff, x/le6 ......... .16.7 <b. 86 din no nhit>
8. Specific heat, kj/(kg des-c) ......... 0.383 dung liens> .
Enter the number of a value you,wanttO cb,.ange or PJ;Css EN1'ERlO'EXlT.
<cho con .6 Ilng vUi mulSn, ho: i\li. enter.M \hoot>
Update COPPER &fmition in drawing.' .
Save the material to a file?<N>: ' dinh nghia cho COPPER vao
I ve. co ghi vao 1 file kh6ng?>
_ U: hin fa djnh nghia,,*t
_ LO: tAi dWt nghta vao ban ve ella
_ N: dinh nghta v$t mm.
_ R: xoa dinh nghta kh6i bin ve.
_ ghi dinh nghia "trong ban ve fa 1 file.
_ SET: cho liu thanh d!nh va gan vao solid, region.
_ 1: hin danh sach cae
X: kft \huc lnh.
SOLUes
Lnh nay dung d.! h UCS16i (Edge) hay (Face).cua solid, region.
Command: 501ucs
Edge/<Face>: <g6 E UCS v10 qnh, go F UCS too
SOLVAR
Unh nay de dat cae bitn cua AME. Bang ke cae bin chinh nhtl sau:
Ten bien

Gia tri Y ngh1.
I.So1WDENS s6 nguyen 1-12 dQ khung lucri
2.SolDELENT s6 nguyen 1,2,3 1. khOng x6a nguyen thi goc
2. hoi co xoa khOng
3. luOn lu6n xoa
3.So1DISPLAY string wire/mesh solid wire hay mesh
4.SolHANGLE
s6 th"c
s6 thl!c goc ella dUCmg gC).ch s<?c
5.SolHPAT string hatch pattern gC).ch SQC
6.SolHSIZE s6 thl,IC so th,=,c khoang each 2 duemg gC).ch SQC
7.So1LENG1H string don vi chieu dai dan do df> dai
8.So1AREAU string dan V! din tlch dan vi tfnh tich
9.So1VOLUME string dan vi tM deh dan ttnh the tlch
1O.So1MASS string dan vi khai luc;mg dan vi tfnh kh6i lUl1llg
11.So1RENDER string COs, Unifonn COS - Solid da hqp nhiu
mall khi render.
Unifon - Solid mt')t mall
khi render
12.So1SECIYPE s6 nguyen 1,2,3 1- wire fram (4:0 tir solext)
2- polyline
3- region
13.So1SOLlDIFY so nguyen 1,2,3 1- d6i .hl<;mg chQn kh6ng t1,l'
chuyen thanh solid.
2- 5e hoi.
3- lll0n tl,l' chuyen thanh solid.
14.SolUPGRADE s6 nguyen 1,2 1- nang dt'} chfnh xac cua solid
don tMoh kep. 2- khOng.
15.SolDECOMP string x.y,z huang phan ro cua nnh
, kh6i luqng x, y, z.
i16.So1SUBDIV s6 nguyen 1,2, .. ,,1t ,mac chlnh ,nnh kh6i luqng
17 .SolPAGELEN s6 nguyen is
' .
s6 dOng tnmg text.
18.So1MATCURR string ttn Ihm.
19.5o1AMEVER string bien s6 release cua AME
. "
each goi M bien AME
Command: solvar
Variable name or?: <go ten bie!n vl\o, ? danh sach ten de xem>.
113
* each gQi lnh AME Ill' menu
MENU BAR > MODEL>hin ra Pulldown menu dudi day:
4-
Help

Revolve

...
Union
SUQlrad
Intersect
Modif,Y
Se!up

D..Lsplay
U lilitl!

Tren bang Pulldown menu do eo cac Ii!a ehQn Ihi
tn!c tiep de Inh va co cae thlfc dO'r1 phl,l chua cae
nhom rieng nhu sau:
'" Cae liJ'a ehQn ling v(ri cac
+ Extrude = solex!
+ Revolve = Solrev
+ Solidify = Solidify
+ Union = Solunion
+ Subtract = Solsub
+ Intersect = sol int
'" Cac thiJ'c don pht,J
_ Primitive: khi b';ln ehQIl nll,lc nay AME dua fa hlip
lhO<;li "AME Primitive" eM b<).n I<,tO cae solid g6c: box,
sphere, wedge, cone, cylinder, torus (hlnh 1121).
_ Modify: ehQn ml,lc nay b<;tn eo sLta d6i solid, region. Trong do chua cac hla ehQfl
li"ng v6i d ,c Inh sau:
+ Move Object = sol move
+ Change Primit = Solchp
+ Separate = Solsep
+ Cut solids = SolclI!
+ Chamfer solid = Solcham
+ Fillet solid = Solfill
_ Setup: cai cae bien AME, dan
vi do vv ...
. _ Inquiry: tra Cllu ve d6i IUQ'ng
ve, din tfeh, kh6i luQ'fl
p
...
_ Display: kieu hien th! dUQ'e ehQIl
Lrong hlip lho<,li sau day.
+ Mesh = sol mesh
+ Wire fram = Solwirc
+ Set Wire Dens = Solwdens
dli khung ILt6i)
+ Copy Feature = Solfeal
+ Section Solids = solsect
+ Prom Solids = Solprof
_ Utility: de lnh lin feh.
+ Material = hin hQp Ihm.li
material
+ solves = Solucs
+ ASM in... = Solin
+ ASM out... = So10Ul
+ Purge Objects = Solpurge
+ Load Modeler = tai AME
AME Primitives m
r-____ ';create Solid Primitivr=e ____ -,
Box
Sphere Wedge
Cone Cylinder Torus
Baseplane -------------,
aOn
Mode: 13 Points
Ell
Object Snap Mode... I
OK
I Cancel I
Help ...
ll'inh 1121
+ Unload Modeler = [hao lui AME gi<li ph6ng bli oh6".
114
11.7. TAO RA cAc lliNH CHIEU 20 Tif MO HINH 3D
Gill Slr chung la da co m6 hlnh gin
dil3D (vo Iren lap 3D) nhl! hinh 11-22
dLtoi day. Bay gia hay xfty dt!1lg cae
hinh chieu dting, hlnh chicu hlnh
chieu canh Ilr ml) h111h do.
Ban Ihue hin then cae bu6c sau
day:
1- Dat bien T1LEMOOE=O.
chuyfn san'g kh6ng gian gi<'fy (Pspace).
+ Lnh LIMITS d!Tlh gi6i h<.l.Il
viS trong kh6ng gian giay (kh6
A4=297.21O). Va Icnh ZOOM / All.
+ Hi (load) duimg dUt Hidden
bling LINETYPE vao ban vi! de
sau lao net dUt Iren de hlnh chieu.
2- Dung Inh MVIEW 1<;10 4 khllng
nhln d9ng k6 nhau (ch<;m Fit) (hlnh 11- Hillh 11-22
23), Dimg Inh Mspacc sang
kh6ng gian l:no hlnh.
3-01111g I<;nh VPOINT chQn cae diem nhln eho tiOlg khllng nhln de c6 hinh chieu dUng,
hlnh chicu hlnh chicu cq.nh.
. . IT dol dwol I!lIOIEI
:.f!staltl -tT-dol .dwg1 l\YMicro$ot\WordChgl1b ._1
mnh 11-23
115
4- Dung Inh ZOOM vai ty I bang nhau (VI scale= I) de chinh klch thLIoe cae hlnh
ehieu tren cae khung nhln eha ILIong (mg bang nhau. Sau do dung Inh MVsetup/Align M
ehinh V! lri cae hlnh ehieu [ren cae khung nhlEl eho cung dltong giong dttng va ngang.
5- Dung Inh SolPROF t<:ta cae chtctng bao thriy va khuat laLl lttQ1 eho lung khung nhlLl.
6- OllOg Inh LAYER lam dong lap chua 1116 hlnh gia dO' nay(lap 3D).
- T<,lo l&p mai len la "KHUNG", roi lam dong lOp nay.
- Lnh PSPACE sang kh6ng gian gi5y.
- DDchprop dua cae dLtcJng vien cua cae khung nhln(Vpolrs) sang lap
" KHUNG" da lam dong(b6 de duong vien khung di).
7-Ghi kfch tillroe tren cUc hlnh chieu va ve khung ban ve, khung len.
Chu y: N6u thay net elm d6i v6i die dlrO'ng khua't lhl (lung LTscalc lang giam Iy I cho
thily dlIq'C net chn.
Ket qua ta co ban ve de hll1h chieu va 1116 hlnh 30 elLa gi,\ dO' nhu hlnh I J -24 .
.:AD . IT do2.dwg) I!!I[!] EI
J:!elp
--
,
--
,
,
c-
c,-
o
-- 0
0
I
--
I
'"
;0
"'''
" -
- - " - . - - -- --- - - - _.
. - .' .
Hinh 11-24
116
CHUONG12
-'? - -' ... -
XUAT BAN VE 3D RA GIAY VA RA TIN
12.1. XUAT BAN vi<: RA GIAY
Khi ve xong ban ve 3D, ca.n phii Xll:ll ra giay xut(t thanh tp tin ph1,lc VI,I cho
lrao d6i vai cae ph:in mern khac.
o trong khOng gian rnO hloh (Mspace) thi b'.lo chi in duqc hloh aoh tren khung ohin hin
thai. Nhtnlg a trong khOng gian giay (Pspace) co tM in hloh imh tl1t d. cae khung
ohin t<.t0 bm lnh Mview. Neu in cae hloh chien ph6i doh h<;ln ch(;>n ty l in ia Scale
to Fit.
- TrInh tt! in him ve trong kh6ng gian gi5y (Pspace) thea tUng buOc wang tt! nhu d.c
buoc cae hioh chiu 2D tir mO hloh 3D da trloh bay a chuang II, tiet 11.7 tren day. Cu6i
cimg dung Inh PLOT de in fa gil1y qua may in (Printer), hay may ve (Plotter).
- B<:Lo cung co the mO hloh 3D thanh d6i tm:;mg 2D qua tp tin DXB file.
Sau do tp tin nay dugc g;li vao ban ve AutoCAD bang DXBIN va duqc in fa nhu ban
ve 20.
- Mu6n in mO hlnh duqc to bOng, b'.ln co thi! chen no vao ban ve AutoCAO cben
V30 tp tin van ban vv ...
+ Dl chen m6 hlnh duQ'c to bOng vao ban vi! AutoCAD, b'.ln dung d.c lnh GIFIN,
TGAIN.
Command: GIFlN
Gif file name: <go ten tp tin .GIF vao>
Insertion point< ... >: <cho diem chen>
Scale factor<. .. >: <h s6ry
Sau khi chen, cac hlnh 3.nh do co hiu chlnh dUl;1C bang lnh Clla AlltoCAD, va in ra.
nha bim ve 2D.
+ D<l chen him vo m6.hlQh h<\ng\.lIp{i> bAn; duai day
(WMF file). < < <
<;
12.2. XUAT BAN vi<: THANH
ACAD co the duqc xua:t thanh cac tin:
+ WMF (windows Metal File)- de chen vao tp tin van ban, d6 hQa khac. Lnh xu5t la
WMFOUT.
+ BMP (Bitmap file)- hlnh anh m.nh raster. 4nh I. BMFOUT.
+ EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)- dung Irong ch ban, in 4nh I. PSOUT.
+ DXF (Data eXchange Format)- trao d6i dii liu v6i pMn mem CAD/CAM khac. 4nh
13 DXFOUT, Inh gQi vao ban vo ACAD Ja DXFIN.<
+ DXB (Data eXchange Binary)- chuyi!n mo hlnh 30 thanh 20. Lnh gQi vao ban ve
ACAD Ja DXBIN.
117
* co the S11 dl,lng xuAt thanh c;],e tin bang hQp til menu nhu sau:
FILE> Export> HQP tho<.ti "Export Data"> Ch(;m kieu file xulit > Save
Vi dr,t: dn chen ban ve mo hlnh 3D e6 ten la "Gia-do.dwg" vao van bim sO';1n
trong word 97, hay lam nhu sau:
I. Ma ban ve "Gia-do.dwg" trong AutoCAD for windows.
2. Xulit bim ve thanh d<;lng .WMF bang WMFout Export v6i ACAD.rl4)
gQi Inh xuat til menu FILE. Luc d6 hc.jp "Export WMF" "Eexport Data")
xuat nhl1 hlnh 12-1.
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
EXPOft WMF E3
FiIe.ll_: llirectOfiM:
OK
I
liI!!Ilill
I
c: \scadwin\support
I
Cancel
long. wlnf
'd
c
:\
..!.
a acadwin
@) support

list Files of Type: Drixu;
.\101...,;10 ('.WMFJ
B

3
Hinh 121
+ DOng "Save as type:" b,,1n ehQn Metalfile[.wmf].
+ DOng "File name:" b<;lJl go len file xuat, vi dlr "Gia:'do" va chQn nut "Save".
+ Sau do xuiit dong nhile: "Select objects", b;;tn ehQn cae d6i tuQ'Og ve xutlt ra
van ban.
+ Thu nho elra s6 AutoCAD/Win.
3. Vao Word 97 va rna van bim. file "Gia-do.wmf' vao nhl1 sau:
+ con tro vao dung eho eua van ban mu6n chen hlnh ve.
+ Tu menu:
Insert>Picture>From file> hin fa hp thO';1i "Insert Picture"
Trong do b'.ln file "Gia-do.wmf' va nhay vao nut "Insert" de chen.
4. Sau khi ban ve dugc chen, b"m co the dung chuc nang Picture cua word de chinh
duemg net, mau sac.
12.3. Ti).O HiNH A.NH DONG TRONG AUTOCAD
a. Script file
AutoCAD co kha nang thl!c dl1qc mQt chuoi dc Inh. Vi the chung ta co lam
cho hinh anh hien thj Ian 111<;rt lien tip nhau, t';1o nen hlnh anh dQng (gi6ng phim hO';1t hinh).
m Hlm ditu d6 ta dn mQt tp van ban (co the dung EDIT cua DOS) gQi Hl Script file
(duoi la .SCR) hay con gQi la tp tin k!ch ban.
Vi dl;l: Ta t;;tO mc.jt Script file de ve mc.jt kh6i h"p co Length=60, Width=30, Height= I 00,
sau d6 dai n6 dQc trl,lc x mc.jt do;;tn 150. gQi EDIT clla DOS va ca.c dong
sau day:
Solbox 0,0,0 60 30 100
delay 1000
move all 150,0,0
delay 2000
redraw
erase all
Rscript
ghi tin nay vm duOi ".SCR", vi dl,l: "Hop.ser",
Dil tin nay, viio ACAD va go ten "Script"
sau dong nhiic
"Command:" ;
Command:
Script fIle:
Ghi ch6
Script
Hop
<go vao, kh6ng dll!,c go 4u6i>
+ Trong cae dbng SO! thAa coo script file, mOi khoeing trong (Space bar) tUOIlg duong y{fi mt 1:10
ENTER.
+ dUng yic thl!C I trong script file, bl dung DELAY. Thi'ti gian di:rng \ii sO duong nhb
han 32767ms (milliseconds),
+ Mu6n di chuOi cho Rscript yaO cooi tin script file.
+ Khi Script dang thl,fC hin rna mutSn dimS lilli, An Ctrl+C (v(ri ACAD.rI4 go phim ESC:).
Vii. mutSn tilp h,lc, dung Inh Resume.
b. Cae anh va anh ra
Gi6ng nhu phinl h9a. khi ta dung gQi Ian lUgl cae blob cinh ra. Chung ta co the
cht,JP cae 3nh tren man blob bang Mslide Shade cho cae mO hloh to bOng;
va gQi cae anh da fa ta dung Vslide.
+ anh Mslide:
Command: Mslide
Slide file: ttn hnh va; duOi .SLD>
+ GQi imh fa:
Command: V slide
Slide file: <chi ten Anh .SLD clln ra>
+ Script fIle Anh dong:
Vi dl! 1: VO mot hlnh hOp c6 cae length=60, width=30, height=IOO vAchyp Anh IJ
cae vi ttl di cbuyen kh3e nhall. B!m Imn theo c4c bm\e sau:
I. Vi! kh6i hop biri. SOLBOX.
2. DUng MSLIDE ten "Hop1.sld"
3. DIri vA xoay blnh hOp dobiri. DVlEW de c6 vi tri !hu 2 cu. Anh. Sou d6 dung
MSLIDE hnh ven ten "Hop2.sld"
4. DIri va xoay hlnh hOp do biri. DVlEW di! c6 vi ttl !hu 3 cua anh. Sau d6 dimg
Inh MSLIDE chyp hnh ven ten "Hop3.sld"
5. DIri vA xoay hlnh hOp do biri. DVlEW di! c6 vi tn thu 4 eua hnh. Sau do dung
MSLIDE hnh ven ten "Hop4.sld" vv ...
6. EDIT eua OOS di! !hao Script file nhu sau:
Vslide hopl
delay 1000
Vslide bop2
delay 1000
Vslide hop3
119
delay 1000
Vslide hop4
delay 2000
Rscript
Ghi th1mh Script file c6 ton "Hop.SCR".
7. De Script file, vao
Command: script
Script file: Hop
V{ d1.l2: cu6'n phim hO'.lt hioh htrang dill ve mO hloh chi tiet may 3D (hloh ve).
1- Bu9c 1: rna ban ve khdi thuy "A4.dwg".
+ 4nh MSLIDE chvP 'nh dot ton la "b l.sld"
2- Bucrc 2: lenh VPOINT/(-I,-I,l)
+ 4nh MSLIDE chVp anh dot ton la "b21sd"
3- Sucre 3: lenh SOLBOX vo d c6
length=IOO, width=90, height=30 (chua
2 gOc).
+ lenh MSLIDE chVP 'nh
ten I. "b3.sld"
4- Bucre 4: lenh ues chuyen he
ues Ion dlnh A. DUng Inh SOLBOX vo
kh6i hp ben ph.i c6 length=22,
width=90, height=90 .
+ lenh MSLIDE chVP "nh
dot ten Iii. "b4.sld"
5- Bucre 5: Inh SOLMOVE /tx80 de
doi kh6i do sang phii tir A tm B.
+ lenh MSLlDE chVP Imh
ten la "bS.sld"
6- Buoc 6: Inh SOLCYL (ues van
a A) de ve trl,! ngoai tam A, r=30,
height=40. 4nh SOLCYL /B vo trV ben
trong co day d116i la du6i r=15, height=70.. Jfmh 12-2
+ Inh MSLIDE chVP anh ton lA "b6.sld"
7.Bucre 7: lenh SO'LMOVE /tx4O va ty45
+ lenh MSLIDEchvp aM !!IlIa "b7.sld"
8- Bucre 8: lenh uCS,Io cit d1ri hUCS Wi diem giu. e cua c'!llh diii Irlii-ton cUa th1mh
bon phiti. 4nh SOLBOX, chodlnh thll nMlla (0;-30;-2'), length=20, width=60, height=25.
+ MSLrDE l1t'''b8 . .sld". :. .
9- BuOc 9: lenh SOLCHAM de vat 2 gOc tmi de, tnli d, 2 C'!llh
vat th!ng dUng, vat=IO. . '.
+ lenh MSLlDE chvP 'nh ten I. "b9.s1d" ..
10- Bucre 10: lnh SOLWEDGE vo gan(hic nay c6 ues d C), cho dlnh thu
qo,O,O), lenglh=15, widlh=lO, heighl=15.
120
+ lenh MSLlDE chvP 'nh dot ton la "b lO.sld"
\1- Buoc II: lenh ROTATE 3D xoay gan d6 di I gOc 180"
+ lenh MSLIDE chVP anh len Ja "bl1.sld"
Buac 12: ALIGN de can dung gan vao vi trt B.
+ MSLIDE anh ten Ia "bI2.sld"
13- Buac 13: lnh SOLSUB chqn kh6i hI tm 13 thanh phaj, d, tn,I Ian va cac kh6i trir la
ranh chu trong. 4nh SOLUNION lien ket de, thanh phai va gan thanh solid
da hqp. .
+ Inh MSLIDE anh ten H. "bl3.sld"
14-Buoc 14: SHADE to bOng vita ra . .
, + lenh MSLIDE imh teilla "bI4.sld"
lS-T<;lo script file voi la "cachve3D.scr" trong h thao EDITcua DOS nhu sau:
Vslide bl
Delay 2000
Vslide b2
Delay 3000
Vslide b3
Delay 3000
. Vslide b4
Delay 3000
Vslide bS
Delay 3000
Vslide b6
Delay 3000
Vslide b7
Delay 3000
Vslide b8
Delay 3000
Vslide b9
Delay 3000
Vslide blO
Delay 3000
Vslide bll
Delay 3000
Vslide bl2
Delay 3000
Vslide bl3
Delay 3000
Vslide b14
Delay 3000
Rscript
121
1. HlfONG DAN cAc BAI VE TRONG 2D
1
biin ve khOi tbUy (Prototype Drawing)
1. XlIe dan vi ve, dung UNITS
- Doo vi dl) dhl ChQD 2-Decimal (ddll. vi co sO Iii mm).
- Do g6c chQn 2-Degrees/mimutes/seconds, g6c 0 6ng v(ri kim d6ng h6 hie 3 gio,
chieu dUdl1g eua g6c 13. chieu quay nguqc chieu kim d6ng h6.
2. gio; b3n ve (Ung vo; khO giay A4=297,210), dung LIMITS
- Cho diem g6c tnU dum (Lower left comer) ia 0,0
- Cho g6c ph3i tren (Upper right comer) HI. 297,210
3. thJ toan-bQ giOi ve ra maD binb, dung ZOOM vOll"a ch9D ALL
4. Ve khung baD ve va khung ten, dung LINE.
Chu y dung cae each cho tQa dl) tuyt d6i, tl1dl1g d6i (@).
5. cae thOng s6 khae
- lum treo man hlnh: + SNAP: luCri.
+ lenh GRID: bien luOi ra man blnh.
- lap cho ban ve. dung LAYER' .
- kieu ghi kich tlmac. diing Dim V AR de xie djnh eac bien kichtbuac tboo kieu
ghi ella ffilnh: . _
DimCEN: dQ dai dail tam dllt'lng tron, vi <ill cbQn
DimDU: khoang each cae duOng U:h thu\jc. N nhau. YO: 6mm.
Diml'X'r. dQ cao chil siS kiclo IhuiicrYO: 4mm. .
DimEXE: dQ dhl duimg kich tbuac \'1lQl quadueJng d6ng. YO: 3mm.
DimASZ: dQ dhl ten duimg kich dluac, VD: 4uun
DimEXO: dQ hiJ cua duimg dOng to; g6c gbi klcl).tbuac, VD: 2mm
DimCLRD: cho duimg kich thuac, VI): red
DimCLRE: milu cho duimg d6ng. VD: red
DimCLRT. milu cho chi! s6 kich tbuOc, YO: red
DimTAD: dot ON de ghi chi! s6 kich tbu6c len teen duimg klch tbuac
DimTIH: dot OFF ghi chi! s6 kich tbu6c hUUng dQC tboo duimg kich tbu6c
DimTIX: OFF chi! s6 kich tbmJc do dQ dai. do g6c du<;IC a trong hay IJ ngoai 2
duiing dong tuy du chb hay khOng; elm d6i vo; chi! s6 kich tbuac duiing kinh, ban kinh tbi
se ghi ra ngoai cung tron. D<}.t ON thl chu s6 kkh thuOc dAi, gOc se luOn ghi 0 trong, con
kich thuoc ducrng kfnh, ban kinh ghi 0 trong cung tron.
122
DimSCALE: tY cua \dch thu&:, VD: 12
DimlOFL: ON thl dulmg kich thu&: luOn vo ben trong 2 duimg d6ng.
- viel chil, dilug Inh STYLE.
6. giil ban vi! khiri Ihuy (PD) vita Il,lo, dung SAVE AS vOl ten mm, vi d\l
"A4.dwg".
2
Sir d\mg cae each cho t<;>a d() tuyt d6i, t<;>a" d() mang d6i (@) ella diem de vi! hlnh.
a. Ve tam giae deu nhu hinb 1
-Inh OPEN rna ban vo khi1i thuy (A4.dwg, bili i1 tren)
- Command: line
From point:
To point:
To point:
To point:
P'\ f-_--,,60"-_-1.1"'
Hlnbl
@60<60
@60<-60
c
b. V@ hinh thang C3n nhu hlnh 2
<chi con tro cho 1 diem tren man hinh>
<choP2>
<cho P3>
<dong kin tharm tam giac>

H"mh2
Hiiy sit dl:mg d. 2 each cho tQa de) tt1ang d6i:
- @ pp (loa d c\IC luang d6i )
-@ x2,y2 (so vm diem xl,yl da c6)
3
VO hlnh duOi day vm be rQng ntl a 0,7. Hiiy. oiI dyng nay dn thiel
trong vo 3 chieu) voi Osnap rnode/CEN PEDIT. HuUng d!n vo bftng 2 each:
a. Cach 1: cho t1)ng IJ1Itjc khl ye polyline
1. open rna ban vi! khiri thuy .. A4.dwg" (bal ,*p 1 da lam)
2. Vi ebu vi ngoai, drra hi 0.7 vao b"rl6r khi 1'1
Command: pline
From point: <dung con trb cho P1>
Current line wi""th is 0
Arc/Close/Halfwidlh/Length/Undo/Width/<Egd poinl of line>: W
Den day dap W de! cho be rI\g 001 0.7 thl ti'r.day vo polyline se c6 be 1.0.7;
C\l the nhu sau: .
Startingwidth< ... >: 0.7
Ending width< ... >: 0.7
123
Arc/Oose/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>: @120,0
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/UndofWidth/<End point of line>: a
Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwith/Line/Radius/Secondpoint/
Undo/Width/<End point of arc>: @O,-IOO
Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwith/Line/Radius/Secondpoint/
Undo/Width/<End point of arc>: I
Arc/Close/HalfwidthjLength!UndofWidth/<End point of line>:
Arc/Oose/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>:
Arc/Oose/ ... /Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>: a
Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Line/Radius/Secondpoint/Undo/
@-120,0"
@0,20
Width/<End point of arc>: R
Radius: 30
Angle/<Endpoint>: @0,60
Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwith/Line/Radius/Secondpointl
UndofWidth/<End point of arc>: 1
Arc/Oose/Halfwidth/Length/UndofWidthl<End point of line>: c
P1 P2
3. Vo du/mg Iron $50 eli r(lng net 0.7
Command: donut
Inside diameter< ... >: 49.65
Outside diameter< ... >: 50.35
Center of doughnut: <dung Osnap/CEN va chi V30 cung tron>
Center of doughnut: .j
b. Cach2: ve vOi be rQng net dfnh, chua cho be r(mg net
124
1. Ve chu vi ngoai
Command: pline
From point: <dung con tro cho PI>
Current liI)e width is 0
Arc/Oose/Halfwidth/Length/UndofWidth/<End point of line>: <cho P2>
- Ve tip cac khac tUC1Ilg tl;t nhu phAn a 0 tren.
- G9i Inh PEDIT d6i b<\ rQng net thanh wdJ.7:
Command: pedit
Select polyline: <chi vao polyline da
Open/Join/width/Editvertex/Fit/Spline!Decuve/LtypeGenjUndo/eXit< ... >: w
Enter new width for all segments: 0.7
Open/Join/width/Editvertex/Fit/ ... /LtypeGen!Undo/eXit< ... >: .J
2. Vo duimg trim $50 c6 be r(lng net 0.7 nhu;' philn a lJ tren
4
Ve ehi tiet may dum day. Huang dan sau sir cae lnh CIRCLE, LINE, COPY,
Osnap/CEN ... theo tdnh tv sau:
1. Vo 2 duimg trim d6ng tam $30, $50 phia tren dinh
- lnh open mb ban vo khlri thuy (A4.dwg)
- Command: circle (ve dUOng tron
3P/2PfITR/<Center point>: <dung chut chi 1 diem>
- Command: offset (ve duemg trOn
offset distance or Throught<Throught>: 10
Select object to offset: <chi vao duemg trim
Side to offset: <chi 1 diim viing ngoru duang tron 30>
Select object to offset: .J
'80
o

Ii
2. Vi! 2 duimg Ir/)o $30, +50 phis cltnlI.WI\ plulJvlt Wn Inii
- Command: copy
Select objects: <Chi vao 2 duimglron+30, +.50>
Select objects: .J
<Base point or displacement>/Multiple: cEN
of <chi vao du<mg tron ,SO>
Second point of displacement: @90,-110
- Command: copy
Select objects: P <Previous>
Select objects: .J
<Base point or displacement>/Multiple: CEN
125
of <chi vao dui1ng tron
Second point of displacement: @-90,-llO
3_ Ve 2 tie'p tuyn ben ph.i, ben trai
- Command: line
Frompoint: TAN
To <chi vao dUCmg trOD $50 a tren dinh>
10 point: TAN
To <chi vao duang tron $50 ben trai>
To point: .J
- nha de ve tie'p tuyen ben phai.
4_ Ve eung tiep xue R150
- Command: circle
3P!2PfTIR/<Center point>: TTR
Enter tangent spec: <chi vao dUCmg trOD $50 ben tnii>
Enter second tangent spec: <chi vao duang trlm $50 ben phai>
Radius< ... >: 150
- command:
Select cutting edges .,_
Select objects:
Trim cae cung thua)
<chi vao 2 dUOng trOD ben trai, phai va 2 duemg
tip tuyn tnii, phai>
<Select objects to trim>/Undo: <chi vilo phAn dum cung R150 va phla dl100
duimg tron trtn dinh>
<Select objects to trim>/Undo: .J
5_ Ve trlle d6i xUng
- linetyPe/set de g9i dui1ng center ra vi!:
126
Command: Linetype
? /Create/LOad/Set: L
Linetype(s) to load: Center
Linetype(s) to load: .J
- Command: line'
Line From point: CEN <vi! In!C di qua tAm dui1ng trOn <\>SO ph!a trtn dinh>
of <chi V30 tron $50 tren dinh>
To point: 4n F8 va di chu"t xu6ng duOi chi tha 2 cua
- dung MOVE dm trl!c nay len cho clln Mi.
5
Ve hlnh chieu cua chi tiet may dum da.y, r(mg net ve Ii'!. O.Smm.
1. Ve cbu vi
- open mo bim vi; kMi thuy (A4.dwg)
- ve chu vi ngoai dung PLINE (hay PL) :
Command: pi
From point: <cm 1 di!m A tren man hlnb>
Current line width is 0.000
Are/Oose/Halfwidth,lLengthNndo/Width/<End point of line>: w
Starting width< ... >: 0.5
Ending width< ... >: 0.5
Arc/Oose/Halfwidth/LengthNndo/Width/<End point of line>: @11S,0
.r
5B
1
-1'>
,
7
,
B ,
,
<
94
74
Angle/CEnter/CLoselDirection/HalfwidthlLine/ ...
/Width/<End point of arc>:
Angle/CEnter/CLoselDirection/HalfwidthlLine/ ...
Arc/Oose/Haifwidth/LengthfUndo/Width/<End point of line>:
Angle/CEnter/CLose/DirectiooJHa\fwidth/Line/ ...
. /Width/<End point of arc>:
Angle/CEnter/CLose/Directioo/Haifwidth/Line/ ...
Arc/Oose/Haifwidth/LengthfUndo/Width/<End point of line>:
Arc/Oose/Halfwidth/LengthfUndo/Width/<End point of line>:
2, Dung FILLET IU<!D trim 2 goc I.:!i A va B
Command: fillet
PolylinelRadius/<Select first objest>: R
Enter fillet radius: 7
Command: .J
Polyline/Radius/<Select first objeHl>: . P
a
@0,-90
L
@-168,0
a
@0,68
L
@53,0
c
Select 2D polYline: <chi polyline dii vi!>
3, CiIc du/mg Iron _ trong F34 va F4S .'
- Qe vi! dutmg tron 4>34 c6 n6t Il 05, dMg DONUT (xem bai 3)
4, Vi! 16 khuill va CiIc dU/mg I",c .
- lnh line vi! tt1!c dUng di qua tarn duimg tron b!n pOOi <1>45 nhu sau (I> dAy vhl dilng
dUOng continuous):
Command:
From point:
of
Th point:
line
CEN
<chi VB-O dumag trim <D45>
<Jfn F8 va keo Ie con tro len sal mep tren mm hlnh, blfrn
phfm de! xac dinh dic!m thll 2 cus tt1!c dUng>
- lnh MOVE diJi trl,lc d6 xu6ng cho can d6i
Ve cae trl;lc ngang cling tuang ll!
127
- OFFSET VO trl!c cua lO va 2 dUOng khuM:
Command: offset
Offset distance or throught<Throught>: 74
Select object to offset:
Side to offset:
Hai duang khua't cung dung lnh offset wong tt!
- CHANGE de thay dOi kieu dUOng:
Command: change
<ve 10 khua.:t>
<chi vao tIl,lC dUng da ve>
<chi 1 0 ben tnii
Select object: <chi V3.0 cae- dUng va ngang>
Properties/<Change point>: p
Change what property(Color/Elev/Layer/LTypefThicknees)?: LT
New linetype< ... >: center
De thay d6i d.c dl1Cmg continuous thanh cae dl1Cmg dlit{hidden) cung lam tl1C1ng t\l.
6
Ve hloh chit!u eua chi may dum dAy .
..
10 YO dau ben Irai
- rna blm ve khOi thuy A4.dwg
- RESfANG vo hinh chi! nhAt, dlnh tha nhilt cbo bfutg 'con tro, dinh tha 2: @96,-80
- lnh circle ve duemg tron ben trong:
Command: circle
3DI2DfITR/<Center point>: oX
of <bat diem giua MID q.nh nAm ngang eua hloh chfr
(need YZ): oY
of < bat giUa MID qnh thfing dUng eua hloh chii'
(need z): 0
- FILLETlugn 2 goc R13
20 YO pMn ben ph"i
- lnh line ve cac dUng, ngang qua HIm 0
- lnh OFFSETtIQc mam ngang voi khoang cach 5 de ve 16 khoang cach 20 ve
$40; sau do offset tf\lc thkg dUng v6i khoiing cach 54 va 176
- lnh ARC v6i h,ra ch9n Start, End,Radius de ve cac eung R13
- lnh trim cae do..,.n thira
128
- CHAMFER vat 2x45
3. Dung change dili cae duimg true tMnh dUimg cenler, duimg bao 16 +10
!banh duimg hidden.
7
Ve hloh chieu cua chi tiet sau day. Hu6ng dan nay se dung cac CIRCLE, LINE,
OFFSET, CHANGE, 1RIM. Osnap/CEN ... theo cae bucle:
".
1. Vi! 2 duimg Iron d6ng lam 011a +60,+100
- rna: ban ve khOi thuy A4.dwg
- circle ve duang tron $60
- Inh of set ve dUCmg trim +100
2. Vi! 2 duimg Iron d6ng tam 02 la +60, +30
- lnh copy de copy duang tron +60 sang trai khoang each Ia 150.
dung circle vai osnap/CEN di ve duemg tron $30.
3. Vi! liep tuyen dulii viii duimg Iron +100 v8 +60
- lnh line v6i osnaprrAN.
4. Vi! eung tjep xue R80 vOi +100 v8 +60
- Inh eirclefITR
- trim cung thita
5. Vi! cae duimg lAm Ihang dUng, nam ngang Il!i 01 V8 02
- line vOi osnap/CEN va F8
6. Vi! 2 duimg ngang each nhau 15, va cae 16 +16
offset, chQo duemg tam ngang di qua 0102 dua 1m 7.5 va xu6ng 7.5
- offset, chQn duang tam thiing dUng qua 01 dl1a sang tnii 8 va sang phai 8; tuang
tI! chQn duemg tam thiing dUng qua 02 va dl1a sang tnii 8, sang phai 8.
- trim cac phan thua.
7. D6i dU<mg net
change vai Iva chQn LTYPE d6i cac duang 16 +16 thanh net dm(hidden}, dOi cae
duang tam thanh net tam(center}.
129
BAI T,,"P S
Vi! hlnh chieu cua chi tia may dtroi
dfiy. Trong huang dAn sir cae
CIRCLE, OFFSET, MIRROR,
MOVE, TRIM, CHAMFER, Osnap '"
theo cae buOc sau:
1. Mlr ban ve khOi thuy, ve 2 trl!c
thiing d(mg(>170), nam ngang(>220)
qua A: dung line vOi FS.
2. YO 2 duimg trim d6ng tam $30,
$60
circle ve duemg trem tam
diem A(giao ella 2 t"!c)
- offset vo $60 tiI $30 tfim A
!
I
&

" 5'.,1
move doi 2 duang tron$30, $60 do toi Ol(@-80,O
3. Vii phan treD
..
...

r
, ..
- Offset tr1,lc dUng sang tnii 40, offset tf'.1C ngang sang len treo 140
I!

,\.
"? ...
- lnh chamfer vat goc giua 2 dl1tmg thAng do voi 2 phia vat 18. 8
- circle(lTR ve cung tiep xt1c v6i dUCmg tron va dUCmg thang dUog
- lnh trim chiflt cung thua cua duemg trim xuc d6
- lnh mirror My d6i xling Uit ca phAn btn phai dUng sang btn tnii
4, Ve tlep tuyen duO! vOi 2 duimg tron $60
- lnh line vOi osnap(fAN
5, duOng bao 16 ben trong
circle vi! dullng tron R15 c6 tAm tai A(giao 21n!e)
<Ii copy R15 do len tren doan 70
- line/I1R vo 2 tieF lUyen pMi vOi 2 duang tron R IS
- trim coic cung thira cua duang tron 15-
- lnh move dM duemg bao trong vila viS tu A len B
BAIT,,"P 9
Ve ban ve lfip nhu hinh 1.
Huang dAn chu yeu v6
lap, kh6i, chen kh6i,
cat, ghi kfch thl1ac cho ban ve;
phin ve CCJ ban coi nhu da
thl!c hanh.
1. T .... o cae lOp
- rnb ve khbi thuy
(A4.dwg)
- LAYER tao lOp
"crt" blue, duemg
continuous va lap "Cf2"
mau white, duemg continuous.
26
2
54

Hinh 1
130
2. chi IfEI 1 va kh6i
LAYER dua lap "CTI" ra thm
- Ve vit l(dung line, phfm F8 ve duemg nam ngang va thimg dUng, sau d6 du_og CaG
lenh offset, trim, arc ... )
. BLOCK dua hlnh ve vit I th'nh block I. "Vit", diem co so I. A (blnb 2a).
3. Ve chi li<'1 2
- LAYER dua lap "CT2" ra thm
- line ve dU(mg ngang va dUng di qua diem A, sau do dung cae
offset, circle, trim ... lJ day chua dn ve 16 ren, chua g<;lch ck
, 4. CMn block "Vii" vao hlnh ve chi liel 2 ,
- lnh INSERT. de block "Vit" vao hloh ve chi tit 2, diem chen 13. A, ty 1 chen=} ,
gOc xoay=O
- dung cae lnh trim cae net thua, lnh line ve them phlin 16 ren
BLOCK
"Vit"
a) OJi tit"t 1 b) OJi lilt 2
Hinh 2
"<0
5. dlt, gbi kich thOOc, vlEI cbit vii" ban vi _
- BHATCH (ho HATCH) di ;.'
DIM ghiklch tillm;:(chuy zoom) ,
-,Itnh DTEXT eli vitlehll,'iIao bOn.e'" ",' "
. . " -',. ,',- -
BAI T.,.P 10
Ve bOn ve 3 cbi titl moiy dum day.
1. dlc 16p cho ban ve
- mer biin ve khiri thily
-lap thd nhlit ttn lap la,HCft ", mau blue, duemg continuous
-lap thtl 2 ten lap 13. "CT2", mau white, duemg continuous
- lap thu 3 ten lap la "CIT', mau green, duemg continuous
2. G9i 16p "CTl" ra ve chi liil Irllc 1 va khOi
- g9i lap "CTI" ra tboi (ltnb layer)
- viS tf\lC 1 line, offset, chamfer, trim ... )
131
-lenh block tao kh6i e6 ten "TRUC\", ehQIl
diem co sir 13 A . .'
3. G1)i lOp "CT2", "CT3" ra ve chi tie'! 2,3
- gQi lap "CT2" viS chi tiet 2, gQi lap
"CD" de viS chi tiet 3, viS duang tfl;lc nam ngang
cua 16 di qua diim A (ll dfty chua viS 16 va chua
cat cho 2 chi tiet nay).
4. Chen kh6i "TRUCr' vao hlnh ve chi
tiet 1,2
- lnh INSERT de chen kh6i ten "TRUCI".
diem chen Ia A cua 16; .
- dung cae lnh trim cae net thila.
5. G:,tch cAt, ghi kfch thuac, viet chfi
V30 baD ve
- lnh BHATCH HATCH) de
mat cAt;
. -lnh DIM ghi kich thu<Jc (eho y kiOt hqp bfit
d6i tm;mg-osnap modes va lnh zoom);
- DTEXT de viet chu vao ban ve.
11
. Ve ban ve U.p ella 4 chi tiet may (hlnh 1). Huang da.n cae builc thl,tc hin nhtl sau:
Hiob 1
1. Tao 3 lOp
- rna ban ve khai thuy;
- lnh layer t<.t0 cae lap c6 ten Hi "CT3,4", mall blue, duemg continuous; lap "CT2",
mall white, duemg continuous; lap "crI", mall red, ducmg continuous.
2. Vi! chi tiet 3,4 va khoi
- lnh layer g,?i lap co "CT3,4" ra thai;
132
"
- ve nhom chi tiet 3,4 (xem each ve- dliu vit 6 qmh duOi day, hinh 2);
- Mnh block tao kh6i cho nhom chi tiet 3,4, ten kh6i Ia "VIT", diem co sa Ia A.
. .
30 Ve chi tiet 1,2
- g<;>i lOp "crl" de ve chi tiet I, g<;>i lOp "Cf2" ve chi tiet 2.
40 insert de chen kh6i "Vit" V30 16 chi tiet 2, diem chen la A
- dung d.c trim d.c net thua.
50 G .... ch m;)t cat, ghi kich thucJC, viet chi! va cat baD ve trong thu ml;lc "TEM" vOi
teD "op-trt,Ic"o
CACH VE DAU VIT 6
Cac kich thu6c clla dAu VIt 6 c<,mh dl1qc Hnh nhl1 sau: cho vit M34 --) d=34 mm khoang
cach tit t:n,Ic thftng dUng tai dc qmh dUng dAu l1,lc lang = d/2 = 17, ban kinh cung giua qua
B Iii R= 1,5. d = 51. (hlnh 2a)
+
4
ill
+
. r
I
,
3

I
,
I
I
M
a) b)
Hioh 2
I. Vi! cac dUng (>100), nam ngang (>80) di qua A.
2. offset dua ngang qua A ten, xu6ng thea cac kich thu6c 3, 30, 60, 43; dua
tr1,lc dUng qua A sang trai dO<,ln 17 va 34.
3. Ve dUCmg tron R51 di qua B, lenh circle/2P (duang tron qua 2 mut clla 1 duemg kinh)
4. Ve duang th!ng di qua giao di6m I clla dl1Cmg tron Rl5 dt duemg th:ing dUng ngoai
qua D. Sau trim phfin phai K cua dUCmg th!ng d6 (con dO<,ln IK).
5. Vi! dUCmg tron tam E ta diem giUa doan IK, ban kinh ia EC.
6. VO do.n thAng di qua D va nghieng 30", dai toy y (@20<30), .
7. Lnh trim dc dO<,ln thua, Inh change d6i kie-u net clla dUng AB thaoh net
center, ta co hlnh 2b.
8. Lnh mirror My d6i xUng dc hinh vtra vi! sang phai tr1;lC dUng AB, ta co hlnh ve
chinh cua vong 3 va vit 4 nhu hlnh 1.
BAr 12
Ve ban vi! lllp cua 4 chi tiel nhu hlnh du61 da.y. Huang din co sir d1,lng cac lnh circle,
line, copy, offset, trim, layer, block, insert, dim, hatch, dtext, osnap/CEN,lNT, sketch ... thea
cac buac sau:
133
1. cac lap
- rna ban ve khbi thuy;
- lnh layer ca.c lap co "CTl,2", mall blue, dl10ng continuous; lap "Cf3", mall
'. white, duemg continuous; 16'p"CT4", mall red, net continuous.
2. VO cbi tiet 1,2 va tMnb kMi
- gQi lap fa hin thOi;
- ve chi tiet 1 va 2;
- lnh block kh6i cho chi tiet 1,2 co ten Ia "CAN_SO", co sa Iii A.
3. Ve.chi tiet 3,4
- vo 2 duimg tron $20, $40 d6ng tAm iJ 01;
- copy de copy duimg tron $40 tm 02. sau do vo $68;
- lnh line v6i osnapffAN de ve 2 tiep tuyen vm $40 va $68;
- line vm osnap/CEN vo tnJc dUng (> 130), ngang (>200) qua 02;
- lnh offset dua tIc ngang xu6ng 60 de co trl,lc ella 16 vit qua A. Ll;li offset dua tn,Ic 16
vit xu6ng 11 len 11 va xu6ng 27;
-lnh offset dUng sang tnii 130 de co tIc di qua 01, sang trai cae do'!." 3,28
va sang phiii 3, 18;
- lnh circle/TIR de ve duemg trim tiep xuc R30 vCri. 2 duemg thAng;
- de ve duemg Im;m song gi6i philo cat rieng philo tren chi tiet 3 c6 2 cach sau:
a- lnh pline ve duang gAp khuc ngan) lien tii!p, sau d6 trim chJilt bOt pM.n
thita ngoai;
b- lnh sketch ve duemg ttl do theo duemg di con tr6:
Command: sketch
Record incremend< ... >.: 1 <cho dt) dai buac di con tnh
An phim tnii chut)t giG' va di theo duemg mu6n, khi dUng hay nhay phim trai
chuQt Ian nITa de ng&t. Cuoi cimg go R ghi vao ban ve;
- lnh trim chJilt cung thita va cac thita.
134
4. Unh insert chen khm eliten "CAN SO"
- lenh insert chen kh6i "CAN SO" vito hlnh viS ella chi tiet 3,4; diem chen Hi A;
- d'rmg lnh trim, line df thua va. ve them duemg 16 ren;
- lnh bhatch g<:tch cat.
6. save as-cat ban ve vao thu "TEM" v6i. ten bim vi!: 13 "can_so.dwg"
2. H110NG DAN cAc BAI VE TRONG 3D
BAI 13
VO vAt the nhu hinh
duai dAy. Hu6ng diin nay sil dl,lng
cae SOLBOX, SOLCYL, SOL-
MOVE, SOLCHAM, SOLEDGE,
SOLSUB, SOLUNION, ALIGN,
UCS, MIRROR '" tien hanh theo
cae Quae sall dfiy:
I. Vi! de duO;
- rna ban ve khdi thuy va dung
Inh VPOINT/(I,-l,l)
DVIEW.
Command: solbox
Base plane/Center/<Comer
of box>: <chi 1 diim PI>
Cu be/Length/<Other
corner>: L
Length: \00
Width: 90
Height: 30
2. Vi! Ihimh ben pha; (hlnh h\>p ehii
lnh UCS /0 duo UCS tm dinb A iJ Iren:
Command: UCS
OriginlZaxis!3 points/ .. ./<World>: 0
Origin point< ... >: <bAt dinb A phi. teen de>
Command: UCSicon bic!u tIIQI1g UCS iJ s6c ,moo)
ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/ORigin/<ON>: OR" ,
lnb solbox, cho dinb cu. box A, 1.=20, W=90, H=90:
Command: solbox. ,
Base plane/Center/<comer of box>: <bat dinh A>
Length: 20
Width: 90
Height: 90
- lnh solmove/tx80 de dCri thanh nay sang phai tit A t6"i B:
Command: solmove
Select objects: <chi kh6i chu wa
135
Select objects: .J
?/<Motion description>: txSO
? /<Motion description>: .J
3. Ve kh6i .
soleyl (DCS vAn" A), day In! Iii A, R=30, Height=40:
Command: soleyl
Base plane/Elliptical/<Center point>: 0,0,0 (UeS vAn" A)
Center of other endl<Height>: 40
-lnh so1cyl/B de ve trong co co so (day du6i trl,l) la day dum de, R=15,
Height=70:
Command: . soleyl
SOLCYL Base plane/Elliptical/<Center point>: B (UCS vAn iJ A)
Base plane by Entity!Last/Zaxis/XY /yZaX!<3 points>: 3
Fist point on plane: <bat dinh A>
2
nd
point on plane: <bat dinh B>
3
rd
point on plane: <bM dinh thu 3 cUa day tren>
Base plane by Entity!Last/Zaxis/XY/YZaX!<3 points>: .J
Center of other endl<Height>: 70
- lnh solmove/tx40 va ty45 dCri 2 kh6i II do too tam day tren:
Command: solmove
Select Objects: <chi vao 2 II>
?/<Motion description>: tx40
-?/<Motion description>: tx45
? /<Motion description>: .J
4. Ve rAnh thiinh ben phili
- lnh UCS/o chuyen UCS tm diem giUa Cella qmh dai wii-tren cua thanh phai:
Command: ues
OrigirvZaxis/3 points/. .. /<World>: 0
Origin point< .. >: MID
of <bat diem giua C >
solOOx, cho dinh dAn Iii (0,-30.-25), L=20, W=60, H=25:
Command: solbox
Base plane/Center/<Comer of box>: 0,-30,-25
Length: 20
Width: 60
Height: 25
5. Ve mop vat cu. de
Command: solcham
Pick base surface: <chi du61 trai de>
Next/<OK>: N
Next/<OK>: .J
Pick edge of this face to be chamfered(Press ENTER when done):
. <chi 2 dUng ben trai cua de>
Enter distance along base surface< .. >:
Enter distance along base surface< ... >:
6. Vo 2 gan lam giac
- Command:
Base plane/<Comer of wedgex ... >:
Length/<Other comer>:
Length:
Width:
Height:
- Command:
Select objects:
select objects:
<Base pOint or displacement>/Multiple:
Second point of displacement:
7. Tao Ihanh solid da hqp
- Command: solsub
\0
\0
solwedge
<bat diem B>
L
-IS
\0
IS
copy
<chi vao gAn wedge>
.J
<bat g6c gan B>
@O,80,-90 (UCS vAn iJ C)
Select objects: <chqn kh6i b! triI a thllnh chi! M, kMi trilla rfulh
- Command
Select objects:
- Command:
Select objects:
BAI 14
chu ben tren cung>
solsub-
<chon kh6i b! trill. de, In! \(m, kh6i triI a In! bl!>
solunion
<chQn all>
Vo thl! duai day (hlnh
I). Huang dAn sir cac Inh
SOLBOX, SOLCYL, SOLREV,
SOLSUB, SOLUNION, SOL-
MOVE, SOLEXT, SOLFILL,
SOLSECT, SOLCUT, UCS.
ALIGN. COPY ... theo dic bucrc
sau:
1. Vo d duOl
- rno bIIn vo khm thuy va goi
Inh VPOINT(I,.I,I) hay Inh
DVIEW xem anh 3D;
- lnh solbox,' cho dinh B,
L=150, W=IOO, H=30, (chua
lU\1!l tron g6o).
2. V. gil Irai de'
- lnh ues chuyen h ues lfmh 1
tm g6c A;
- lnh pline ve duemg chAn de b tren de;
- lnh solext nang chifu cao h=8, g6c vu6t a= 10
6

137
3. Ve2 IH20 ciia go
- UCS.chuyen ues tm g6c B;
soleyl chQn tam day In! dum (0,0.0), R=IS, h=1O (16 rong dum);
soleyl/B de cho tam day In! nhi> tren R=IO, h=40 (cao hon de);
- solmove/tx20 vA ty20 de dlri 2 In! d6 tm dung vi trl;
- solsub, kh6i bi trir lil de, glr, kh6i trir ta 2 16 In!.
4. kho. chii' nh,t ben ph,,;
- ues, dua ues tm C;
solbox,dinh dOu lil C, L=-60, W=IOO, H=70.
5. ranh cua khO; chI} nhj).t
- UCS, dlri ues t6i D;
- lnh pline ve profile Tanh a tren kh6i elill (profile va tf1:1C khep kin pline);
- solrev quay polyline quanh dulmg thi\ng n6i 2 diem gifta 2 qnh tren kh6i chii
t<.to thanh kh6i tron xoay;
- lnh solsub, kh6i bi triI lit kh6i chu kh6i tru la kh6i tron xoay.
6. solid da h'1P
- lnb solunion, chQn de, ga, kh6i chu
7. cae g6c lu(,ll1
- solfill, chQn 2 dUng ben trai de, R=20;
- lnh soltill, chQn c'.lIlh trai-du6i kh6i chu R=15.
Den dAy do vo xong the. Nhung de lilm ro cau ben ttong the,
tMm ciit vA g6c cat cho the (hlnh 2) nbu sau:
a)
,

b)
I
'-/

Hlnhl
8. TaO dlt qua tam 2 16 cUa go
- UCS, dlri M ues tm g6c mm 1A tam duimg trOn day dUm 10 In!;
- lnh soisect, chQn elit HI. (YZ);
- lnh move, dCri. cAt fa
138
9. g6c cit
- soleut, phing cat la (YZ) va (ZX), lua ch9n B (both);
- move dui ph.in gOc cat nhc, ra ngoai;
- lnh solunion, ch(;m d.c pMn hi cal l<;li solid da hqp.
10. G\tch
- lnh bhatch cat the dang iJ trong (ZX);
-lnh UCS/z de xoay h ues quanh z mQt g6c 90, trung '-(oi cat th6 2 cua the.
Bay gicr dung bhatch cat thu 2.
BAI 15
Vo cita s6 trong 2D (hinh I) va dua vao khOng
gian 3D (hinh2). Huang dan c6 sir di)ng cac
PLINE, OFFSET. COpy. MOVE, DIVIDE,
VPOINT DVlEW, CHANGE, SOLIDIFY.
SOLSUB, SOLUNION. SOLMESH, HIDE ...
. thea cae bu6c sau:
'.
1. VO duimg bao cira s6 trong 2D (hinh I)
- rna him viS khm thuy;
- PLINE vo dulmg bao ngoal;
- OFFSET vai khoimg cach = 10 M vo
duang bao trong;
- PLINE vo d6 thing dang fQng=4, dili
han duemg bao trong nhung be han dUOng bao
ngoai; viS fn;ic d6i x6ng thing d6ng ella d6 (hay
viS do d ngoai);
- PLINE vo d6 ngang rQng=4, dai hun
'duemg bao trong nhl1I1g be han dl1Cmg bao ngoai;
viS d6i xling Dam ngang cua do;
- MOVE ALIGN d11i d6 dang, d6
""l.
,
- -
I
D'
-
'&
,
,
,
B
,
(,4.
ngang I1lm 0 cung tron cira s6;' mob 1
- DIVIDE chia dO(lIl AB trong thing dUng) fa 3 ph4n;
- COpy M copy d6 ngang xu6ng 2 ditm chiapbia dum.
2. T"o cira s6 trong 3D (hlnb 2)
- lnh VPOINT vm ditmnhln
1,-I,l)h<$:DVlEW Mc6inlin6i5D;
- CHANGEJthicknCs, .
day khung ngoa; = 6, chi6u dAy d6 = 4;.
- SOLIDIFY chuyen thAnh
solid;
- lenh SOLSUB, kh6i bi nil chi
khung ngoai, kh6i trir chi khung
vom trong;
- Inh SOLUNION lien ke"t
thanh kh6i da hqp.
3. Xem ilnh trong :m
- SOLMESH solid
lum mesh; lfmb2
-

139
140
- HIDE xem the! be cAc ducrng n6t ; RENDER t6 bOng.
BAI 16
qp ban vo chi tit GlA DO nhu hlnh 1. Sau day huang dan 1 cach vo:
0
'"
-.
til ; I :
, , , ,
N
, , ,
"
I.
112
,I
R24
o

1. Vo val 3D
aj Chudn bi bdn .t" kMi thrl,.: .
OPEN: rna bOn.ekhl!i tluiYfvl dl/: M.d,i..gj.N6u chilli c6th! mm..
VPOINT: cho dic!m nhln (1,-1,1) de 1M 3D hlnh chieu
lI1!C do VUOng g6c dc!u.
Command: vpoint
Rotate/<View point>: i.-I,I
LAYER chon M: de! mm. Wn 18 3D dua III !hOi .
Command: layer
?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/ ... /Unlock: M
New current layer <>: 3D
?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/ ... /Unlock: -'
bjVi"2kMidt:
PLINE: dimg nay vo chu vi 1 chan d (hlnh 1)
Command: pline
From point: chi 1 dibn tily Y bang chu"t
Arc/Close/Halfwidthl ... /Widthl<Endpoint of line>: @0,70
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ ... /Width/<Endpoint of line>: A (M ve cung)
Angle/Center/Close/ ... /Line/Radius/ ... /Widthl<Endpoint of arc>: .@36,0
Angle/Center/Close/ ... /Line/Radius/ ... /Widthl<Endpoint of are>: L (ve line)
Arc/Close/Halfwidthl ... /Widthl<Endpoint of line>: @0,-70
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/ ... /Width/<Endpoint of line>: A (M ve cung)
Angle/Center/Oose/ ... /Line/Radius/ ... /Width/<Endpoint of arc>: CL
* CIRCLE: vi! 2 duemg tron 0 18 ben trong dUCmg pline do
Command: circle
3P/2PfITR/<Center point>: CEN
of (b3.t tAm cung tron cua pline da vel
Command:.J (Hip 1 ~ l ~ n h de ve vong tron thil 2 tuoog n!, xem hinh 2a)
0)
c)
/Ilnhl
SOLEXT(Extrljde): nang dlllmg pline vA2 dullng tron (2D) th8nh solide (3D)
Command: solexI (hoAc trenmenu chon MODEL> Extrljde)
Select objects: chQll daang pline va 2 duemg troD
Height ofextrljde: 24 (chieu cao)
Extrusion taper angle<>: 0 (g6c nang O )
COPY: de t ~ o dE thu 2
Command: copy
Select objects: chi vao de thu 1
<Base point or displacement>{Multiple: CEN
of (bat Him cung tron dum de)
Second point of displacement: @1I2,0 (xem hlnh 2b)
141
c) Ve kh6i chu trtn dE:
SOLBOX: vo kh6i Mp
Command: solbox MODEL> prinfttives>box ... )
Baseplane/Center/<Comer of box><>: 0,0,0
Cobe/Length/<Other comer.>: L (cho dhl
Length: 160 (huang x) .
Width: 30 (huang y)
Height: 80 (huang z) (hinh 2c)
SOLCYL: vo riinh tf\l trtn kh6i vim vo
Command: soleyl MODEL>primitives>cilynder)
Baseplase EllipticaV<Center point><>: B (cho phAng co sO day lf1:1 ZX)
Baseplane by Entity(Last/ ... fXY {Yza;xJ<3 point>: ZX
Point on ZX plane<O,O,O>: .J (cho 1 diem t.-tn ZX I. g6c 0,0,0)
Baseplase Elliptical/<Center point><>: MID
of (bilt diem giiia c'!fib trtn - tnli cua kh6i lam tam day If\l)
Center of other endl<Height>: 30 (chieu dhllf\l) em hinh 2c)
MOVE: di chuyen kh6i vi. kh6i If\l vim vo len trtn 2 de
Command: move
Select objects: (chi vao cae kh6i ciin di
Base point or displacement: MID
of (bAt diem giiia c'!fib ngAn ben tnii dum kh6i Mp)
Second point,of displacement: MID
of (bAt men\ giiia cua c'!fib trtn de ben tnii) em hinh 2d)
d) T(JO thank .oUd 4a h'!P :
sOLSUB: trlI clio kIl6i tao thAnh 10, rinh
Command:"
SOurce " ,'." -' -.:,- '.
Select objeCls:' kblltbjtrikll:" de)
Objects to subtlactftrii'n,ihem... ..' -''':''. .' .
Select objects: . (chi"Wo "'" kh6i trlIll it ciSkb6i If\l)
Bay gill ta dli 3D . .
2. 4 khuDg cw s6 hlnh chilo
TILEMODE: lil 0 (off) _ khOll8 gian (PSPACE).
LIMITS: d*t gim hlpl VO A4(297 ZOOM/all duo ra man hinh.
LINETYPE: chQn L: ill duilng hidden, center vlo ban vi!.
MVIEW: 4 khung clm sO hinh chi':u
Command: mview VIEW>Mview>4)
ON/OFF/Hideplot/Fit/2/3/4/ .. ./<First point>: 4
Fit/<First point>: F (4 khung clm sO vira khit man hinh)
MSPACE: chuyen ve khOng gian mO hinh.
VPOINT: de chQn diem nhin t.-tn timg khung clm sO hinh chiEu bang, hinh chiu
dang. hinh chi':u c'!fib. TnIOc Mt kich con 1r0 v'o clm sO hinh chi':u bAng :
Command: vpoint VIEW>setview>view point)
Rotate/<View poio!>: 0,0,1
Chu j: nfu hinh chie .. bdng celn xDay, dunglnh ROTATE.
Bay gio b',m nch chut vao Clla s6 hinh chleu dUng hlnh chieu qmh) va lam
tuong W de cho diem nhln hlnh chiou dUng (ho: hlnh chiou.c;mll).
ZOOM: cho ty I nhau (1,2) dtl chioh dQ IOn tren tUng hinh chiu.
Command: zoom
All/Center/ ... /wiodows/<Scale(X/xp: 1,2
MVSETUP chon A: chinh vi trf gi6ng dUng (V), gi6ng ngang(H) giila cac hlnh chieu:
Command: mvsetup
Align/Create/Scale viewports/ ... /Undo: A (cm chinh)
Angle/Horizontal/Vertical alignmentl ... /Undo? V (chinh dUng)
Base point: kieh ehuQt vao hlnh ehieu dling va go END
of (bat dinh tnii tren eua hlnh ehieu dUng lam eel sa)
Other point: kich ehuQt vao hinh ehieu bang va go END
of (Mt dioh a hlnh chiou tuang Ung chinh dUng vm diem co sa)
Angle/Horizontal/Vertical alignmentl ... /Undo? H (chiohngang)
Base point: kich ehut vao hlnh ehieu dUng va go END "
of (bilt dinh trai tren cua hlnh chiou dUng lam diem co so) .'
Other point: Dch chut vllo hlnh chiou c;mll go END
of (bAt dinh i:J hlnh chiou c;mll lUang Ung)
Angle/Heriwntal/Vertical alignmentl ... /Undo? .J
AJign/Create/Scaie viewports/ ... /Undo: .J
Kot qua ta duqc cae hioh crueu nhu tren hlnh 3.
IDnh3
143
3. Hoan chinh hlnh chieu tr':lc do
Kfch con tro vao cUa sO hlnh t:n,J.c do.
VPLAYER chQn N,T: lap mOi(N) ten la TDO va lam tan (T) lap nay.
Command: vplayer.
?/FreezefThaw!Reset!Newfrz{Vpvisdflt: N
New viewport frozen layer narne(s): TOO
?/Freeze!Thaw!Reset!Newfrz/Vpvisdflt: T
Layer(s) to thaw: TOO
All/Select/<Current>: ,J
?/FreezefThaw!Reset!Newfrz{Vpvisdflt: ,J
LAYER chQn S: dua lap TOO ra thm (current).
SOLPROF: di6u khien imh tit<! 3D chi c6 cac duimg bao vien.
Command: solprof MODEL>Display>profile solids)
Select objects: chQn the 3D
select objects: .J
Display hidden profile lines on separate layer?<Y>: .J (hin ca.c dUCmg bao
.\dlua:t lap kh6ng ?)
Project pro(t.le lines on to a plane?<Y>: .J (cac duiJng bao d!).t tren 1 m/phiing)
Delete tangential edges?<Y>: .J (x6a cac qtnh tiep xuc tren cac
LAYER chQn?: xem ten lap duimg iJ hlnh tfl!c do (vi du: PH-CIE)
VPLAYER chQn F: Jam dOng 2 lap: 3D va PH-CIE. Hlnh chiEu truc do chi con
cac duong bao tha:y
Command: vplayer
?/Freeze!Thaw!Reset!Newfrz{Vpvisdflt: F
New viewport frozen layer name(s): 3D, PH-CIE
All/Select/<Current>: ,J
?/Freeze!Thaw!Reset!Newfrz{Vpvisdflt: ,J
UCS chQn V: chuyenh UCS rOi vi ill co (XY) song song vOi man hlnh d<! hiu
crunh hlnh chieu tfl:lc do.
Dung eae chinh:
+ EXPLODE: phan ra kh6i the 3D del hieu chinh.
+ PEDlT: ddi be r<lng net (width) la 0.5
UCS chQn P: chuyin ues ve vi tdCll.
4. HOlm chlnh hlnh chieu dUng (HCI)
Kich con tro vao ciia sO hinh chieu dUng.
VPLAYER ch9Jl N,T: M tao lap mOi(N) ten I. HCI va lam tan (I) lap nay.
LAYER chQn S: duo lap mOi HCI ra hin thm.
SOLPROF: dieu khiin hin anh hlnh chieu dUng chi Co cac duimg bao vien.
VPLA YER ch9Jl F: Jam dOng lap 3D. Hlnh dUng cO cae duimg bao va khMt.
UCS chQn V: chuyen he UCS rOi vi Iri co (XY) song song vOi man h1Ph de hieu
chinh hlnh chiEu dUng.
Dung cac cblnb:
+ EXPLODE: phlln ra kh6i Ihe 3D de hieu chinh hlnh chieu dUng.
144
+ ve duang tI1;lc, ghi kich thuOc ...
+ PEDIT: dO; b<! cQng net (width) I. 0.5
UCS chQn P: chuycin UCS vi tri cu.
5. Hoan chinh hlnh chieu bang (HC2)
Kfch con teo vao clla s6 hinh chieu bAng.
VPLAYER chQn N, T: lapmm c6 ten HC2 va lam tan lap nay.
LAYER chQn S: dua lap HC2 ca thm.
* SOLPROF: dieu khien imh hinh chieu bang chi c6 cac duang bao vien.
VPLAYER chQn F: lam dOng 3D.
'" UCS chQn V: chuyen ues too vi tei c6 (XY) song song vOO man hinh de
chinh hInh ba.ng.
* Dung cac chinh :
+ EXPLODE: phan ca kh6i tM 3D d6 hiu chinh hlnh chieu biing.
+ ve tn,Ic, ghi kich thuOC ...
+ PEDIT: dOi b<! cQng net (width) la 0.5
'" UCS chQn P: chuyen ues ve vi tei cu.
6. Hoan chinh hlnh chieu
De hoan chinh hlnh chi!!u qlllh b(llliam tuong "! hoRn chinh hlnh chieu dUng.
7. Hoan cbioh toan ban ve
LAYER chQn F: liIm dOng lap 3D de! bO cac khung cua cac cira sO va chi
cac hlnh c.bill> thoi. .
PIH'ACE: chuy6n sang khOng gian gi4y;phAng M themk,hung bOn khung len
va viet -chu de c6 bim ve hoan chinh. -.
Cu6i cDng ta c6 ban vo GIA 00 nhu hlnh I:
'.

'.' .
"
-" ,.,..j'
4p bio.n vO chi tiet TAM 00 nhu hlnh I dum day. Sauclaylnt6ngd!nl c4Clrvo
1. 3D
a) Chutin hi lnin v'khOi thdy: .' .:.
OPEN: lnh rna bio.n vo khlli thuy (vi d'l' A4.dWl!),;,Mfu d1ua \:6,thl'''I0 mOl ..
VPOINT: cho ,Mm nhln (I.-I.I)M quan sat8nh ""illl!\'3D hlnh chieu tn)c
dovuOngg6cMu.i, "::" .
Command: vpoint ; , ": ::f'
Rotate/<View point>: 1,-1,1,
LAYER chQn M: de! lap mm ten 11l3D va dua ra
Command: . layer
?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/ ... /Unlock: M
?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/ ... /Unlock: .J
b) ve2 khifidi:
SOLBOX: vo kh6i chit
Command: solbox MODEL>Primitives>box) .
Baseplane/Cenler/<Comer of boX><>: dung chuQI chi I diem ta dinh hQp
.
'.
>,'
L
>00
.I
,"0

0
{)
Cube/Lengthi<Other comet>: L
Length: 160 (huc'mg x)
Width: 90 (huc'mg y)
Heighl: 15 (huc'mg z)
,
I
J
.

-
f
0
0
Hlnhl
UCS chon 0: chuyen g6c UCS 1m tam day chu dum de
Command: ucs
Origin/Zaxis/. .. !?!<World>: 0
Origin poinl<O,O,O>: .X (Ioe loa dQ x cu. 1 diem dii c6)
of MID
of (bAt dii!m giila CIInh do; dum d)
(need YZ): .Y (IQc tQa d y Clla I diem dii c6)
of MID
of (bAt dii!m giila c'!nh ngan dum d)
(need Z): 0
Command: UCSICON biilu tuc;mg UCS ra g6c mm)
ON/OFF/AIV .. ./Origino: OR
SOLCYL: vo kh6i If\I 11 giila d
Command: soleyl (ho MODEL>Primitives>Cylinder)
Baseplane/EllipticaV<Center point><O,O,O>: .J (tam day In! Iii gOc 0,0,0)
Center of other end<Heigbt>: 100 (chi!!u cao 1f\I)
COPY: copy If\I d6 thAnh 2 tn! a 2 ben
Command: copy
Select objects: ChQD kh6i 1f1:l giita vita ve
<Base point or displacement>/Multiple: M
Base point: CEN
of (bAt tam cung tron day dum diilm co sl1)
Second point of displacement: @50,0
Second point of displacement: @50,0
Second point of displacement: .J
SOLCHAM: vAt 4 g6c cua M
Command: so1cham (ho MODEL>Modiy>Chamfer solid)
Pick base serface: ChQD 1 ddng eua de
Next<OK>: .J
Picl< edge of this face to be chamfered (press ENTER when done): chQn 2 e'!nh
can vat.
Enter distance along base surfaceo: IS (d d& vat 1)
Enter distance along base surface<>: 15 (d ciai vat 2)
Urn tuang n,r de vat cAe e'!nh coo
c) Vekhdin611tri1l4#:
CIRCLE: vo trOn dAy nOO +64 a
_+64 d61en thloh saM"
ConuDand: solext(h,*MODEL>Extrude)
Select regions, poiyline and circle for extrusion ...
Select objects: chQn troD cjl64 Vita ve
Select objects: .J
Height of extrusion: 65 cao nang
Extrusion taper angle<>: 10 (g6c w6t 10 bang 1/2 g6c dinh n6n)
147
d) thanh so!ide 4a h(1p :
SOLSUB: trU cae kh6i thlmh solide da hqp
Command: ,olsub (h,* MODEL>Subtract)
Source object...
Select objects: (chi len cae kh6i bi trU la dO va kh6i n6n tren M)
Objects_to subtract from them ...
Select objects: (chi vao cae kh6i trU 1a tat ca 3 kh6i tI1;I)
2. 3 khung cira ,6 hloh chieu (viewports)
TILEMODE chQn 0: 0 (of) chuyen sang kh6ng gian giay phlmg (PSPACE)
LIMITS: giUi han blm vo (A4=297,2JO) va Inh ZOOM/All duo giUi han vo ra
manhinh.
LINETYPE ch9n 1: tlti (Load) cae duang- hidden, center vao ban ve de: sau co
the lam hin chung ra ban ve.
" -'
Hlnbl
- -."
,
MViEW: de 3 kh\lllg eira s6 hlnh chieu dUng, hlnh chieu va.b\nh chieu
true do.
. Command: mview VIEW:>Mview)"
148
ON/OFF/Hideplot/FitI2/3/4/. . ./<First point>: 3
Horizontal/Vertical/ .. ./<Right>: .J
Fitl<First point>: F (chQn 3 khung vila khit man hlnh)
MSPACE: ehuytn sang kh6ng gian m6 hlnh
VPOINT: de chQn diem nhin IItn tlmg khung cira s6 hlnh chieu hlnh chieu
dang. Tru6c het kfch con irQ vao cira s6 hlnh chieu bAng:
Rotate/<View point>: 0,0,1 ,
Chu j: neil hl'nh chieu bang can :way, btfn dung 14nh ROTATE.
Bay gib' kfch chut vao ciia sO hinh chieo dUng va lam tl1cm.g tI! de cho diem nhin
hinh chieu dang.
ZOOM: cho ty nhau (1.4) M chinh dQ Ian tren tlmg hlnh chieu
Command: zoom
AIVCenter/ ... /Windows/<Scale(x/xp: 1.4
MVSETUP chQn A: chlnh vi tr! gi6ng dang (V) giila cac hinh chieu
Command: mvsetup
Align/Create/Scale viewports/ ... /Undo: A(ciin chinh vi tn')
Angle/HorizontaVVertical alignment/ ... /Undo? V (chinb dang)
Base point: klch chuQt vao hinh chieu dang va go END
of dinh trai Clla de 11 IItn hinh chien dang lAm diem co sa)
Other point: Deh chut vao hinh chie'u bAng vA g5 END
of (bilt dinh a hinh chieu biing wang ang)
Angle/Horizontal/Vertical alignment/ ... /Undo? -1
Align/Create/Scale viewports/ ... /Undo: .J
Ket qua ta dl1QC cae hinh chien nhl1 tren hinh 2 a tren
3, Clit hi> mi)t g6c
Kich con tro vao ciia sO hinh chieo uvc do.
VPLA YER chQn N ,T: lOp mOl ten I. COPY3D de sau mQt bAn sao, kbi cAt
mQt g6c the se khOng 8.nh huang tm c4c hinh chieu kMc. Sau d6 chQn T(Thaw)lAm tan
lOp COPY3D nay.
Command: vplayer
?/Freeze{Thaw/Re,et/Newfrr/Vpvisdflt:N
New viewport fro",n layer name(s): COPY3D
?/Free",{Thaw/Reset/Newfrr/Vpvisdflt: T.
Layer(s) to thaw: COPY3D
AIVSelect/<Corrent>: .J
? /Frce",{fhaw/Reset/Newfiz[V pvisdllt: .J
LAYER chQn S: dua lOp COPY3D ra thm.
COpy chQn All: de mt trJ.n sao moo. chQn diem gec copy, va diem
dich copy trimg nhao:
Command: copy
149
Select objects; All
<Base point or displacement>/Multiple: 0,0,0 (di&n co sa)
Second point of displacement: 0,0,0 (di&n copy tOil
CHANGE: chuyen bim sao d6 (Lats) sang Illp (Layer) ten I. COPY3D.
Command: change
Select Objects: L (Last)
Select objects: .J
Propoties/<Change point>: P
Change what propoty(Color/ElevlLayer/L Type/ ... )?: LA
New layer <>: COPY3D
Change what propoty(Color/Elev/Layer/LType/ ... )?: .J
Chu thieh: sau kId chuyd'n ban sao di cac hinh chie'u khac bien mat kh6i man hinh,
b9n dung REDRAW ALL dl l{li ban ve day duo
VPLAYER chon F: lam dong(Freeze) lllp 3D cil, chi c6 the tac d<)ng len Illp
COPY3D hien thm.
Command: vplayer
?/Freeze{Thaw!Reset/NewfrzNpvisdflt: F
New viewport frozen layer name(s): 3D
All/Select/<Current>: .J
? /Freeze{Thaw!Rese!/Newl'r7JV pvisdllt: .J
UCS chon X, Y: di! xoay ues quanh X h""c Y cbo (XY) trUng vOi dt de dung
Inh SOLClIT ca.t M thi!. . .
SOLCUT chQn (XY): hiiDh bO I gllC bimg 2 phimg, sau d6
dung inh BHATCH de g'!Ch ca.t ngay. <'l day ta dilng cach thll 2 nhu sau:
Chu thich: b{1n co thl dung each khdi hgp 2 m{1t trung vai 2 cat
bO, sau do dung Inh SOLS UB dltril b6 di I g6c ,hi (kMng cdn dung SOLCUT):
+ Command: solb6x MODEL:>Primitives>box)
Baseplane/Center/<Comer of box><>: 0,0,0
150
Length: 90
Width: 50
Height: 90
+ Command: solsub MODEL>Subtract)
Source object ...
Select objects: chi len thi! 3D
Select objects: chi l&n kh6i bp vUa ve
BHATCH M dt liu tren tilng ca.t (chuyen UCS).
'" UCS chqn P: dua ues ve vi tti cu.
4. flooo chinh hloh chieu tr\lc do
Kich con trc vao cua s6 hlnh chie'u tI1;Ic do. '
VPLA YER chon N.T: lap mm (N) ten lit MCAT va lam tan (n lap nay de sau
chuyen ca.c cat sang lap nay mm chinh duqc hinh chieu tI1,lc do.
LAYER chon S: dua lap MCAT ra thm.
CHANGE: de chuyen cac dt sang lap MCAT.
Command: change
Select objects: chQn 2 cat
Select objects: .J
Change what propoty(Color/Elev/Layer/LType/ ... )?: LA
New layer<>: MCAT
LAYER chon S: dua lap COPY3D ra thm.
.. SOLPROF: khien anh thl! 3D chi co cac dUang tmo vien.
Command: solprof MODEL>Display>Proflle solids)
Select objects: chQn thl! 3D
Select objects: .J
Display hidden profile lines on separate layer?<Y>: .J ca.c duang bao
khuAt tren lap rieng ?)
Project profile lines on to a plane?<Y>: .J (cac duang bao tren 1 m/phang)
Delete tangential edges?<Y>: .J (xoa cac q.nh tip xuc tren cac
LAYER chon?: xem ten lap chUa duemg !ren tryc do (vi PH-CD9).
VPLAYER chon F: lam dOng 2 lap COPY3D. PH-CD9. Hlnh chieu In!c do chi
con dc duang bao tha:y
Command: vplayer
.1/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfi7/VP"lsdfll:' F . .... .'
New viewport fr9zen biytr naine(s):' . COl'Y3D.i'fl:CD9
. , .
All/Select/<Current>: .J
? /Freeze/Thaw/Reset/NewfI7/Vpvisdflt: .J .
UCS chon V: <buyin Des tm vi tri c6 (XY) song song vmlllan hlnh de
chinh hinh chieu tryc do.
Dung ctlc hifu chinh :
+ EXPLODE: phan r. kh6i thi 3D di! hiu chinh.
+ PEDIT: ddi be rQng net (wiQth) 0.5
* ues ch9n P: UCS vi tri co..
151
S. Hoan chinh hlnh chilo dUng (HCl)
Kich con tro vao cUa sO hlnh chieu dUng.
VPLAYER ch9n N,T: dt lap mm (N) 1. HCl va lam tan (f) lap nay.
LAYER chQn S: dua lap mm HCl ra thm.
SOLPROF: diu khin anh hinh chiou dUng chi c6 cae duimg bao
LAYER ch9n?: xem ten lap duimg iJ hlnh chieu dUng (vi du: PH-CDS).
VPLA YER ch9n F: lam dOng 2 lap 3D, PH-CDS. H'mh chieu dUng chi cOn cac
duimg bao tMy.
UCS ch9n V: chuyen h UCS Wi vi tri c6 (XY) song song v<li man hlnh de hi?u
chinh hlnh chieu dUng.
Dung cae chinh :
+ EXPLODE: ph1ln dii kh6i the 3D chinh hlnh chieu dUng.
+ ve them duang tf1:lc, c6t, ghi kich thu6c ...
+ PEDIT: dOi btl rQng net (width) 0.5
.. ues chQn P: ueS ve vi tci cu.
6. Hoon chlnh hlnh chieu bAng (HC2)
Kich con tro vao ella sO hinh chi6'u bAng.
VPLA YER ch9n N,T: lap mm c6 ten HC2 va lam tan lap nay.
LAYER ch9n S: dua lap HC2 ra thm.
SOLPROF: dieu khien arm hinh chiu Mng chI co cae duemg baD vien.
LAYER chQn?: xem ten lap duimg iJ hinh chieu bAng (vi du: PH-CD?).
VPLAYER Ch9fi F: lam dOng 2 lap 3D, PH-CD? Hlnh chieu bbtg chi con cae
duimg bao tMy.
UCS eh9n V: ehuynb UCS't6iVjii! e6 (Xlsons sons vm man hlnh de
ehinh hlnh ehi6u bAng. . " . . . . .
Dung cae chinh :
+ EXPLODE: ph1ln rii kh6i tht3D de emnh hlnh ehieu bAng ..
+ ve tJc, ghi Deh thuOc ...
+ PEDIT: dOi btl rQng net (width) 0.5
ues chQn P: chuyen ues ve vi tti cu.
7. Hoan chinh toan be? ban vi
LAYER eh9n F: lam dOng lap 3D de bi> cae khung Clla clic eira sO va hin chi
ciie hlnh ehiu thOi.
PSPACE: chuyen sang khOng gian gi(y phing M ve them khung ban ve, khung
ten va viet chit de c6 ban ve hoan chmh.
Cu6i ciing ta e6 ban ve cua TAM DO nhu hlnh 1.
152
BAI 18
<
bim ve chi tiet GO! TRI)C nhu hlnh 1. Sau day hUOng dan 1 each vee
R25
(\70

-- -\
\
1350
f
0
0

12
100
J
l,'

Hinh 1
1. Ve 3D
a) Chruln bi bdn "khOi Ihrly:
OPEN: mil him vekblJi. tbuy(vi 6,: A4.ciwS):N6l ehuac6lhlc6
VPOINT: <libnnhln (1,-I,l)<!tqQ8D""im 3D hh\hehi6u trye
do vuOng g6c <!tu. . . . ... ":. '. " :."' . .
Command: vpoint
Rotate/<View point>: 1,-1,1
LAYER ehQll M: di!tao lclp rom ten Th. 3D dlla ra thOi.
Command: layer
?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/ ... /Uniock: M
?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/ ... /Unlock: .J
153
b) Ve khOi dh. kIWi :
+ Command: pline (ve chu vi ngoai dU'm de, xem hloh chieu bang a hloh 1)
From point:
chiou bdng, hinh I.
cho 1 diem tren man hinh tlng v6i diem g6c phili - dUm eua hinh
Arc/Oose/ ... /Width/<Endpoint of line>: @-100,0
Arc/Close/ ... /Width/<Endpoint of line>: A (chuyen sang ve cung)
Angle/Center/Close/ ... /Width/<Endpoint of are>: @O,loo
Angle/Center/Close/ ... /Width/<Endpoint of arc>: L (chuy<!n sang ve line)
Arc/Close/ ... /Width/<Endpoint of line>: @100,0
Arc/Close/ ... /Width/<Endpoint of line>: C
+ Command: circle (ve 2 trelO tjl70)
of (bat tam cung tron ella dl1Cmg pline da ve)
Diameter/<Radius>o: 25
Command: .J
of (bAt tam tron dii vel
DiameterI<Radius>o: 35
* SOLEXT: de nang dUCmg pline va 2 tron dii ve len thanh cae solide
Command: solext MODEL>ExtIude)
154
Select regions, popyline and circle for extrusion ...
Select objects: ch9n dl1Cmg pline
Select objects: .J
Height of extrusion: 30 (chieu cao nang )
Extrusion taper angle<>: 0 (g6c vu6t bAng 0) .
Command: .J
Select regions, papyline ..... .
.. .
_ ' .' ... -..: ... -,'.;- ;:c. ... '
!.>';. --'., ',"_'-';':,_,
. Height of extlu'ion: '110 . , " ;
Extrusion-taper angle<D::>: .J
c) Velhdnh hlnh hptrin ili':
SOLBOX: ve kh6i chi!
Command: solbox (ho<\ic MODEbPrimitives>box)
Baseplane/Center/<Comer of box>o: END
of (bat ldinh trtn-btn phiti cua de,
Cube/Length/<Other comer>: L (cho chieu dai cae qmh)
Length: -30 (huang x)
Width: 100 (huang y)
Height: 90 (huang z)
* UCS chQn 0; chuytn UCS tm 1 dinh tren-tnii kh6i hQp lIen de'de ve dinh tron
... PLINE: vi!: dl1bng profit dong kin eua riinh ](hoet tcen kh6i ht)p
Command: pline
From point: MID
of (bat diem giiia 1 dlii ben tnH tren kh6i hQp)
Current line-width is 0
Arc/Close/ ... /width/<Endpoint of line>: @0.25
Arc/CIose/ ... /width/<Endpoint of line>: @7,0
Arc/Close/ ... /width/<Endpoint of line>: @5,7
Arc/Close/ ... /width/<Endpoint of line>: @6,0
Arc/Oose/ .. ./Width/<Endpoint of line>: @5,-7
Arc/Close/ .. ./Width/<Endpoint of line>: @7,O
Arc/Close/ ... /Widt!t/<Endpoint of line>: @O,-25
Arc/Close/ . ../Width/<Endpoint of line>: C
... SOLREV: xoay duemg pline vira ve thanh solid tron xoay
Command: solrev (hoac MODEL>Revolve)
Select objects: chQn dubng profit vila vi!
Select objects: .J
Axis of revolusion-Entity/XIY/<Start point of axis>: END
of (biit 1 diem mut dlii dl1Cmg prom, diem 1 cua t11lc xoay)
End point of axis: END
of (bat diem mllt thi! 2 qnh dai cua profil, diem 2 cua tfl,lc xoay)
Angle of revolusion <Full circle>: ..J
d) VI' 2 gan tT" lc giua de' pel khoi ht}p :
SOLWEDGE: veganhinhnem
Command: sol wedge MODEL>Primitives> Wedge)
Base plane/<Comer of wedge><>: END
of (bat dinh goe tnii-dum giila d va thanh
Length: -30 (dQc x)
Width: 12 (dQC y)
Height: 30 (dQc z)
* COPY: t<:,o ban sao thiinh gm thu 2 ben phM.
e) vetO xuyen ngang $24 :
* UCS ehQn 0: ehuyen ues tm tip diem eua thang va eung tron ptine
155
SOLCYLE: vo If\l ngang co phi\ng day (ZX)
Command: soleyl (hoij.c MODEL>Primitives>Cylinder)
Baseplane/EllipticaV<Center point><O,O,O>: B (chQo co sa ZX)
Baseplane by Entity/Last/ ... /XY (YZ/ZXI<3 points>: ZX
Point on ,ZX plane<O,O,O>: .J
Baseplane/Elliptieal/<Center point><O,O,O>: 0,0,55 (eho tam day trv)
Diameter/<Radius><>: 12
Center of other end<Height>: 100
f) solid da h<fp :
SOLSUB: trueae kh6i
Command: solsub MODEL>Subtract)
Source object ...
Select objects: chc;m cae kh6i bj tnI lade vakh6i hp tren de va kh6i tIV ngoa.i
Select objects: chQn cae kh6i trir la kh6i tron xoay thanh, tr\l trong
va tI1,l ngang $24.
SOLUNION: lien ke't tAt eli cac kh6i thanh I solid da hqp 1M 3D)
UCS chon W: chuyen ues ve chullo.
2. 4 khung cira 56 blob chieu
TILEMODE: 10 O(ofl) chuyen sang khOng gian gia:y (PSPACE).
LIMITS: giUi vo A4(297,21O) va ZOOM/all
"* LINETYPE chQn L: t\i duang hidden, center vao bin ve
'" MVIEW: 4 khung elm s6 hlnh chieu
Command: mview VIEW>Mview>4)
ON/OFF/Hideplot/Fit/2/3/4/ .. ./<First point>: 4
Fit/<First point>: F (cho 4 khung vim khit man hlnh)
MSPACE: chuyiln khOng gian mO hlob
* VPOINT: de cht?n diem nhin tren tUng khung cua s6 hlnh thie'u bang, hinh chiu
dUng, hinh chieu qulh. Tru&: het kich con tro vao Clm s6 hinh chieu hang:
Rotate/<View point>: 0,0,1
Chu j: neu hinh chie'u bang can xoay, dung ROTATE.
BAy gia Dch chut vao cua s6 hinh chieu dUng hinh chieu c;pIh) va lam
tuang W de cho diem nhm hinh chieu dUng hmh chicu
156
ZOOM: eho Iy bang nhau(l) de chinh d(>l6n Iren tUng hlob chie'u
Command: zoom
AlliCenter/ ... jWindows/<Scale(XJXP. I
MVSETUP chqn A: chlnh vi Iri gi6ng dUng(V), gi6ng ngang(H) giila c8c hinh
chieu:
Command: mvsetup
Align/Create/Scale viewport,/ ... /Undo: A (can chinh vi irQ
Angle/HorizontallVertical alignmenti ... /Undo? V (chinh dUng)
Base point: klch chut vao hlnh chil!u dUng va g6 END
of dinh phiU Irtn cua hinh chiou dUng lam diem co ,a)
Other point: klch chutvao hlnh chieu Va g6 END
of dinh iJ hinh chieu tuong Ung)
Angle/HorizontallVertical alignmenti ... /Undo? H (chinh ngang)
Hlnb2
Base point: klch chut vA<> hlJlb chiell dUn!! ;!lNP
of (bAI dinh phiUtren Clla hinh chi61 dUng lam c<J.o) .
Other point: klch chut vA<> hinh chieu c'!nh va g6 END
of (bAt dinh 11 hinh chieu c'!nh tuang Ung)
Angle/Horizontal/Vertical alignmenti ... /Undo? ,J
Align/Create/Scale viewport'/ ... /Undo: ,J
Kol qua ta duqc cae hinh chieu nhu Iren hinh 2.
3, Cilt hi> mN nim
Kich con tco vao cua 56 hlnh chieu do.
157
.. VPLAYER chQn N,T: 16p m6i te.n Iii COPY3D de sau m(H ban sao,
khi dt 1/2 vi},t the se khOng Anh huang tai cac hlnh chieu khac. Sau d6 ch9n T (Thaw) lam
tan lap COPY3D nAy i; tren khung cua s6 hlnh dUng va hlnh chieu truc do (Select) M
cho vi': cat b6 c6 mc dng den hinh chieu tIlJ.c do va hinh chieu dUng.
Command: vplayer
?/Freeze{Thaw/Reset/NewfrzJVpvisdflt:
New viewport frozen layer name(s):
? /Freeze{Tha w IReset,IN ewfrzJV pvisdflt:
Layer(s) to thaw: COPY3D
All/Selectl<Current>: S
N
COPY3D
T
Select objects: chi len khung cua s6 hinh chieu tI1:lc do
Select objects: chi khung ctra s6 hloh chieu dung
Select objects: .J
?/Freeze{ThawIReset/Newfrz/Vpvisdflt: .J
LAYER chon S: dua lap COPY3D ra thm.
.. COpy chQn AU: de t<.to mt ban sao mai. chQn diem g6c copy va. diem dich
copy trimg nhau :
Command: copy
Select objects: All
<Base point or displac<:mlml >/Muhiple: 0,0,0
Secimd point of 0,0,0 .. .. . ....
, ,-. ; .-" "
CHANGE' chuyen (Last) .... g!6p"4-ayer} len \a COPY3D.
".,', _' > 'f : _____ "" .,
Command: change
Select objects: L (last)
objects: .J
Change what propoty(Color/Elev/Layer/LType/ ... )?: LA
New layer<>: COPY3D
Chu th{ch : sau khi chuyln ban sao di cac hinh chitu khac bien nui't khoi man hinh,
b(ln dung REDRAWAU di hin [(Ii ban vi day duo
VPLA YER chon F: lam dong (Freeze) lap 3D Cll iJ !ren 2 khung cua s6 hlnh chieu
truc do va hlnh chieu dUng, chi co thi tac dQng len lap COPY3D hien thai.
158
Command: vplayer
? /Freeze{Thaw/Reset,INewfrzJV pvisdflt: F
Layer(s) to Freeze: 3D
All/Selectl<Current>: S
Select objects: chi len khung cua s6 hinh chieu lIVe do
Select objects: chi len khung cim s6 hlnh chitu dUng
Select objects: .J
?/FreezefThaw/Reset/Newfu}Vpvisdflt: .J
1(1 UCS: chuyen ues tOi giiia cua q.nh dum de, va xoay (XY) Iii cat.
SOLCUT: cAt bb lfl thE bbi phAng (XY)
Command: Solcut
Select objects: <ChQll 3D>
Select objects: .J
Cutting plane by Entity/ ... /XY {YVZJ{j<3 points>: XY
Point on XY plane <0,0,0>: .J
Both side/<Point on desired of the plane>: <ch<;>n 1 diem b ben phai kh6i 3D>
.. BHATCH: cat tren m$t cat (XY) cua the (nhu lrong 2D)
... UCS/P: de chuyen ues ve vi tri eli
4. Holm chinh hlnh chieu do (TDO)
&m chuOt vao cua s6 hlnh chieu true do.
. . .
VPLAYER chQllN.T: de lapmm ten IA MCAT vA lAm tan lap nay.
Command: vplayer
. ?/FreczefThaw/Reset/Newfl7/Vpvisdflt:
New viewportfrozen layer name(s):
?/FreczefThaw/R5set/Newfrz/Vpvisdflt:
Layer(s) to thaw:
All/Select/<Current>:
?/FreezefThawIR5set/NewfrzNpvisdflt:
N
MCAT
T
MCAT
.J
LAYER chqn S: dE dtta lap MCAT ra thOi .
CHANGE: dI! cat sang lap MCAT.
Command: change
Select objects: <chQll cat dii Ve>
Select objects: .J
Change what property(Color/Elev/Lsyer/LType/ ... )?: LA
New layer< ... >: MCAT
Change what property(Color/Elev/Lsyer/LType/ ... )?: .J
LAYER chqn S: dua lap COPY3D ra thm .
SOLPROF: khien hien i.nh kh6i 3D chi co cae duang bao
Command: Solprof
Select objects: <chon kh6i 3D>
Select objects: .J
Display hidden profile lines on separate layer?<Y>: .J (co d.c dui'mg baa
khuilt tren lClp rieng khOng?)
Project profile lines on to a plane?<Y>: .J (cae dUOng bao tren ph&ng7)
Delete tangential edges?<Y>: .J (x6a cae qnh tit!p xuc giUa cae
LAYER chon?: de xem ltn lClp chUa duang khuilt tren tfllc do (vi PH-3E23).
VPLAYER chon F: Him dOng cac lClp COPY 3D, PH-3E23. hinh chieu tfllc do chi
con cae dUCmg bao thtfy.
Command: vplayer
?/FreezefThaw/Reset/Newfrz/Vpvisdflt: F
New viewport frozen layer narne(s): COPY3D, PH-3E23
All/Selectl<Current>: -l
?/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/NewfulVpvisdflt: -l
UCS chon V: ues tffi vi tr! c6 (XY) song song vm man hinh d!!
chinh hlnh chiu do.
Dung cllinll : '
+ EXPLODE: pbAn fa kMi 1M 3D M h$I chinh.
+ PEDn:: 46i MrQng om (width)
UCS chQn P: tJ1:S'Vf'vi trl cu.
5, Hoan cbinh blnb <bleu dt'mg (HCI)
- Kfch COn trb vao cira s6 hlnh chit!u dUng.
VPLAYER chonN,T: d!!4-0IClpmm(N)liiHClv1i!amtan(1)cacl&pHCl,MCAT
de cat rei hinh chit!u dUng.
LAYER chon S: dua lClp mm HC) ra tMi.
SOLPROF: inh hinh chiu dUng chi co cac duang baD vin.
LAYER chon 1: xem ltn lClp duang khuilt" hinh chiu dUng (vi PH-3E21).
VPLA YER chon F: L\m dOng 2 lClp : COPV3D, PH-3E2l. Hinh chi(u dUng chi cOn
cae duang bao thay.
ues chon V: ues tm vi tri cO (XY) song song vm man hinh de
chinh hinh chiu dUng .
160
.
.. Dung cae chinh :
+ EXPLODE: fa kh6i the 3D M chinh hinh chieu dUng.
+ ve d\Icrng t:n;Ic, ghi kich thu6c ...
+ PEDlT: dOi b<! rQng net (width) 0.5
UCS ch9D P: ues v1 tri cu.
6. Hoan chinh hlnh chieu bilng (HC2)
Kich con tro vilo cua s6 hinh chieu bang.
1/1 VPLA YER Chqll N,T: t<,l.o lap mm co len Iii HC2 va lam tan lOp nay.
LA YERch9n S: dua lOp HC2 ra thili.
.. SOLPROF: dieu khien anh hinh chieu bang chi co cae dubng bac vien.
LAYER ch9n?: xem ten lOp duang iJ hlnh chieu (vi d
u
: PH3E22).
VPLAYER ch9n F: lam d6ng 2 lOp 3D. PH3E22. Hlnh chieu chi con cac
dubng bao
1/1 UCS chQn V: chuyen h ues tm vi tfi c6 (XY) song song v& man hinh de hiu
chinh hinh chieu bAng.
.. Dung cae chinh :
+ EXPLODE: phan rii kh6i the 3D chlob hlnh chieu
+ ve tn,lc, ghi kich thuac ...
+ PEDlT: dbibe r(lng net (width) 0.5
1/1 ues ch9n P: chuyen ues ve V! tri cu.
7. Hoiln chinh hlnh chieu canh (HC3)
Kich con tro vao cira s6 hinh ehieu qnh.
1/1 VPLAYER chQn N,T: lap mm co ten He3 va lam tan lap nay.
LAYER chon S: dua lOp HC3 ra thili.
1/1 SOLPROF: khien hin lmh h'tnh ehieu bang chi c6 ca.c dubng bac vien.
LAYER ch9n?: xem ten lOp duang khua't iJ hlob chieu (vi d
u
: PH3E20).
VPLA YER ch9n F: lam d6Dg 2 lOp 3D. PH3E20
.. UCS ch<;>n V: chuyen h ues tm vi tTi c6 (XY) song song vai man hlnh.
.. Dung cae hiu chlnh :
+ EXPLODE: phan dii khoi thi! 3D de chlob hlob chieu bang.
+ ve ghi kich th11d'e, dimg BHATG-I gl;lch cat. ..
+ PEDIT: ddi be rMg net (width) 0.5
* UCS chQn P: ehuyen UCS ve V! tfi cu.
8. Hoan chinti toan b(\ ban ve
* LAYER chQn F: la.m dOng lap 3D de be cae khung eua cae eua s6 va ll;li chi
d.c hinh chieu th6i.
.. PSPACE: ehuyen sang kh6ng gian gi:iy phAng de ve them khung ban ve, khung len
va viet chii' de co ban vi! hoan chinh.
161
162
MI,IC LI,IC
Uri n6i dliu
PMn n"il. BAN VE PHANG
Chuang 1. MO DAU vt AUTOCAD
1.1. Gim AutoCAD
1.2. Ma d!u vi AutoCAD
Chuang 2. cAc LJlNH vi! CO BAN
Trang
3
5
6
2.1. Point: ve 16
2.2. Line: vi! dubng mAng, dtrOng gap lch6c thitng 16
2.3. Pline: ve eta tuytn g6m thing vii cung Irbn 16
2.4. CIrcle: Vi!,dOO'ng troD 18
2.5. Arc: vi! cung tron 19
2.6. Trace: vi! lhAng c6 rng net dlIl;/C chqn tn16c 20
2.7. Polygon: vi: da: gi!c 20
2.8. Donut: vi! hlnh vAnh khAn 21
2.9. Ellipse: vi! elip 21
2.10. Solid: vi: miin ph4ng to mAll 22
2.11. Sketch: ve dtrong tl! do 22
2.12. cae irQ' giup khi ve 23
Chuang 3. cAc LJlNH BIJlN TAP vA TRA coo
3.1. ChQn d6i tm;mg (Select). 27
n
3.3. Bitn hlnh 29
3.4. Hiu chinh vi\. lhay d6i: FD...l.ET (n6i titp). UlAMFER(vat), OFFSET (vi tI!),
DIVIDE (ehia CHANGE, DDFDIT (thay d6i text), PEDIT, GRIP 34
3.5. Huy b6 U, UNDO. REDO 42
3.6. O!.e lnh tra clhl: usr, DBUsr. ID, DIST. AREA 43
Chuang 4. mEu KmtN MAN HlNH
4.1. Lnh ZOOM 45
4.2. PAN 46
4.3. Lnh VIEW 47
4.4. Lnh REDRAW 47
4.5. Lnh REGEN 47
4.6. Lnh DRAGMODE 47
4.7. VIEWRES 47
Chuang 5. cAT, GHI KicH TRUOC, \'ItT cOO CHO BAN vJl
5.1. ml;lt cat
5.2. Ghi Deb thu6c (DIM)
5.3. Yilt eM cho ban ve
Chuang 6. LOP CHO BAN vJl
6.1. KMi (LAYER), mW! sac, duang net ve
6.2. LAYER
6.3. Lnh DDEMODES
Chuang 7. KH61 vA THUc)C rtNH
7.1. Kh6i (BLOCK)
7.2. ThuOc tinh eua kh6i (Attribute)
Chuang g. DUA BAN V RA MAy IN, MAy VE
8.1. Qi d,(l.t m4y in (Printer), may ve (Plotter), chut (Mouse)
8.2. xu(t bim ve fa may in. may vI!
Pluln hai: VE BA CHIEU
Chuang 9. MOl TRUONG VJl3D
9.1. H 19a d ngum dung va each diem 3D
9.2. Di/!u khien hin hinh cinh 3D
9.3. M,(I.t phAng co sa (CP) trong ve 3D
Chuang 10. cAc Lli:NH vJl DUONG vA 3D
Otucmg 11. CHliONG TRINH AME vI! SOLID V A REGION
11.1. GiOi. thiuAME
11.2. cae solid goc
11.3. Kto d.e thl'! 2D thAnh cae d6i tUQIlg 3D
11.4. Solid tnm xoay
11.5. Ok pMp loAn Boole vdi cae solids va regions
11.6. Hiu chinh. tra clhl solid region
11.7. cae hlnh chiu 2D til' mO hlnh 3D
Chuang 12. XUAT BAN V RAGIAYvA RA TJlP TIN
12.1. Xu(t bin ve fa gia:y
12.2. Xu!ft bin vi! IhAnh tp tin
12.3. T{lo hlnh MIl d()ng [rong AutoCAD
HlICJNG DAN BAI
1. HIlOng dAn cae ve [rong 2D
2. HIlOng dAn cl.c bAi ve trang 3D
Ml.lc h,IC
49
53
64
66
68
69
70
72
75
76
80
85
91
92
99
99
102
103
104
104
115
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117
118
122
135
162
163
Chju trach nhim xuat ban:
Chu t!ch HDQT kiem TOng Gi<im d6c NGO mAN AI
Ph6 TOng Gi'm d6c kiem TOng bien tap vD DUONG TH1)Y
Bien t(ip ldn ddu va fai ban:
THANHBlNH
Bien t(ip my thu(it:
THDYHANH
Sua ban in:
BlNHMlNH
Chi'ban:
HUYNH MINH TUAN
AUTOCAD CHO T1!lONG H6A T H I ~ T K ~
Ma so : 78501 T5 - DAI
In 1.000 bim (07TK), kh6 19 x 27 em t ~ i NhB in DHQG Ha Ni,
S6 xuat him : 2 1/292 - 05.
In xong va n(lp iLru chieu lhing 2 nam 200S.
rm
CONG TY c6 PHAN SACH DAI HOC DAY N G H ~
HEVOBCO
D!a chi : 25 Him Thuyen, Hil NO;
I
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