Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Phn loi
2. Mt s khi nim
3. T chc b nh
4. B nh trong
5. B nh ngoi
2:12 PM
Chng 3
Phn loi
B nh ngoi
B nh trong
ROM
(Read Only
Memory)
ROM
PROM (Programmable ROM)
EPROM (Erasable PROM)
EEPROM (Electrically EPROM)
RAM
2:12 PM
(Random Access
Memory)
Flash ROM
Chng 3
Phn loi
RAM
Chng 3
Giao tip
2:12 PM
Chng 3
: tn s xung clock
PC1600, PC2100
2:12 PM
Chng 3
T chc b nh
B nh 2KB
A0 A6
m ng
vo
Gii m
hng
A7 A10
Ma trn nh
8 mch gii m
ct
m ng ra
2:12 PM
Chng 3
T chc b nh
Memory Cell
(W d logic)
(Word
l i )
Word vt
l
Memory Array
Gii m
hng
Gii m ct
2:12 PM
Chng 3
T chc b nh
B nh 64K x 16 gii m 2 bc vi 10 bit gii m hng:
S bit gii m ct
: 6 bit
: 216
: 16 bit
Tng s word vt l
: 210
: 16 x 26
Chng 3
B nh trong
S cu to DRAM
DRAM
Tin np
(precharge)
iu
khin
Ma trn nh
a ch
m a
ch
D liu
vo
Gii m
hng
Khuch i
nhy
m d
liu
m
d liu
D liu
ra
Gii m ct
2:12 PM
Chng 3
B nh trong
DRAM
Bit line
Word line
Cu to mt t bo nh DRAM
2:12 PM
Chng 3
10
VDD
Mch tin np
(precharge)
B nh trong
T bo nh
DRAM
+
Gii m
hng
S nguyn l ca DRAM Khuch i nhy
(sense amplifier)
Bit line
Bit line
VDD
m
ng
vo
m
ng
ra
Chng 3 Gii m ct
2:12 PM
11
B nh trong
DRAM
tchu k
tRAS
tPR
tCAS
a ch
D liu
Gin thi gian c DRAM
2:12 PM
Chng 3
12
VDD
Mch tin np
(precharge)
B nh trong
SRAM
T bo nh
Gii m hng
Khuch i nhy
(sense amplifier)
S nguyn l ca SRAM
Bit line
VDD
Bit line
m
ng
ra
m
ng
vo
2:12 PM
Gii m ct
Chng 3
13
B nh trong
VCC
ROM
Lu tr bng diode
0
Hng
VD
2:12 PM
Chng 3
0
Ct
14
B nh trong
PROM
VCC
Lu tr bng diode
mc ni tip vi
cu ch
Hng
Ct
2:12 PM
Chng 3
15
B nh trong
EPROM
Lu tr bng FET c cu trc FAMOST
(Floating gate Avalanche injection MOS Transistor)
VCC
FET dn
1
2:12 PM
Chng 3
16
B nh trong
EPROM
Lu tr bng FET c cu trc FAMOST
(Floating gate Avalanche injection MOS Transistor)
VCC
FET khng dn do
floating gate c in tch
0
2:12 PM
Chng 3
17
Chng 3
18
B nh ngoi
a mm
2:12 PM
B nh ngoi
a mm
1 Bo v chng ghi
2 Trc quay
3 Bo v mt a
4 Lp nha bo v
5 Vng giy
6 Lp t lu tr d liu
9 Track: 0
2:12 PM
Chng 3
19
B nh ngoi
a mm
Dung lng a mm = s track s sector/track s side 512 byte
a mm c 80 track, 2 side, 18 sector / track:
Dung lng = 80 x 18 x 2 x 512 = 1440 x 210 = 1440 KB
Nh sn xut: 1440 KB = 1.44 MB
H iu hnh: 1440 KB = 1440 / 1024 = 1.4 MB
2:12 PM
Chng 3
20
10
B nh ngoi
a cng
2:12 PM
Chng 3
21
Chng 3
22
B nh ngoi
a cng
2:12 PM
11
B nh ngoi
a cng
Chng 3
23
B nh ngoi
a cng
Track cylinder : 0
Side : 0
Sector : 1 (thng thng t 1 63 v cha 512 byte)
2:12 PM
Chng 3
24
12
B nh ngoi
a cng
a cng c 1022 cylinder, 255 side, 63 sector / track:
Dung lng = 255 x 1022 x 63 x 512 = 8,209,215 x 210
Nh sn xut: 8,209,215
8 209 215 KB = 8.2
8 2 GB
H iu hnh: 8,209,215 KB = 8,209,215 / 10242 = 7.8 GB
2:12 PM
Chng 3
25
B nh ngoi
a cng Giao tip
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)
EIDE (Enhenced IDE): pht trin t IDE, dng DMA truyn d liu
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) SASI (Shugart Associates System
Interface)
Fibre Channel: SCSI song song
SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)
SAS (Serial Attached SCSI): da c s trn SCSI v tng thch vi SATA)
2:12 PM
Chng 3
26
13
B nh ngoi
Sector logic
80 track, 2 side, 18 sector / track:
Sector vt l
Sector logic
Sector logic 0
Sector logic 17
Sector logic 18
Sector logic 36
Side tng 1
sector logic tng 18
= s sector/track
Track tng 1
sector logic tng 36
= s sector/track *
s side
Chng 3
27
B nh ngoi
Sector logic
Sector logic = STT track * S sector / track * S side +
+ STT side * S sector / track + STT sector - 1
80 track, 2 side, 18 sector / track:
Track 5, side 1, sector 17
Track 15, side 0, sector 19
2:12 PM
28
14
B nh ngoi
Sector logic
Sector logic = STT cylinder * S sector / track * S side +
+ STT side * S sector / track + STT sector - 1
1022 cylinder, 255 side, 63 sector / track:
Cylinder 95, side 50,
sector 42
2:12 PM
Chng 3
29
B nh ngoi
Sector logic
Chuyn t sector logic sector vt l:
Sector log ic
= a d b
So sec tor / track So side
b
= c d d
So sector / track
Sector vt l: Track (Cylinder) a, side c, sector d + 1
2:12 PM
Chng 3
30
15
B nh ngoi
Sector logic
80 track, 2 side, 18 sector / track
Chuyn t sector logic 500 sector vt l:
500
= 13 d 32
18x 2
32
= 1 d 14
18
Sector vt l: Track 13, side 1, sector 15
2:12 PM
Chng 3
31
B nh ngoi
Sector logic
1022 cylinder, 255 side, 63 sector / track
Chuyn t sector logic 5,000,000 sector vt l:
5, 000, 000
= 311 d 3785
63x 255
3785
= 60 d 5
63
Sector vt l: Cylinder 311, side 60, sector 6
2:12 PM
Chng 3
32
16
B nh ngoi
Phn vng
Primary DOS
Extended DOS
Non DOS
2:12 PM
Chng 3
33
B nh ngoi
Sector phn vng
Lu tr thng tin v cc phn vng
V tr: sector logic 0 ca a cng (cylinder 0, side 0, sector 1)
Thng tin v phn vng bt u ti cc im vo (partition entry)
2:12 PM
Chng 3
34
17
B nh ngoi
Sector phn vng
MBR (Master Boot Record): 446 byte
Byte 0 - 445
512 byte
Chng 3
35
B nh ngoi
Bng phn vng
Byte
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 - 11
12 - 15
ngha
Phn vng c khi ng c (=80h) hay khng (=00h)
Side bt u
Sector bt u (bit 0-5, bit 6-7 dng cho cylinder)
Cylinder bt u
Loi phn vng
Side kt thc
Sector kt thc
Cylinder kt thc
Sector logic
Tng s sector
2:12 PM
Chng 3
36
18
B nh ngoi
Loi phn vng
Gi tr
ngha
FAT-12 hay a logic vi s sector <
32680
FAT-16hay a logic vi s sector 2680
v 65535
Phn vng m rng
BIGDOS FAT (> 32MB)
NTFS chnh
FAT32 chnh, dng INT 13 m rng
FAT32 m rng, dng INT 13 m rng
FAT16 m rng, dng INT 13 m rng
FAT16 chnh, dng INT 13 m rng
01h
04h
05h
06h
07h
0Bh
0Ch
0Eh
0Fh
2:12 PM
Chng 3
37
B nh ngoi
Bng phn vng
Phn vng 1
Phn vng 2
01
41
C1
1
C1
00
97
2
2D
93
06
07
05
01
0F
0F
0
0F
0F
2:12 PM
7F
FF
FF
FF
96
2C
92
A6
3F
90
30
D0
00
42
81
12
00
06
0
0C
0E
00
00
00
00
51
A0
A0
0
C0
Chng 3
80
42 06 00 00
3E 06 00 00
91 01 00 00
4E 00 00
01
00
00 Phn vngg 3
00
Phn vng 4
38
19
B nh ngoi
Phn vng 1
Side bt
u: 1
Cho php
khi ng
80 01
01 00 06 0F 7F 96 3F 00 - 00 00 51 42 06 00
Sector bt
u: 1
Cylinder
bt u: 0
Sector vt l kt thc:
Side: 15
Sector: 63
Sector: 01h 0000 0001b
(7Fh 0111 1111b: 6 bit thp l 11 1111b 63)
(ch dng 6 bit thp)
Cylinder: 00h 0000 0000b Cylinder: 406
(96h1001 0110b tng cng 10 bit: 01 1001 0110b
(10 bit bao gm 2 bit trong
2:12 PM
Chng 3
39
phn sector)
B nh ngoi
Phn vng 1
80 01
01 00 06 0F 7F 96 3F 00 - 00 00 51 42 06 00
Cho php khi ng
Sector vt l bt u: Cylinder 0, side 1, sector 1
Sector vt l kt thc: Cylinder 406, side 15, sector 63
Loi phn vng: BIGDOS FAT
Sector logic: 63
Tng s sector: 410, 193 dung lng: 410,193*512/10242 = 200 MB
2:12 PM
Chng 3
40
20
Byte
ngha
0
Phn vng c khi ng c (=80h) hay khng (=00h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 - 11
12 - 15
Side bt u
Sector bt u (bit 0-5, bit 6-7 dng cho cylinder)
Cylinder bt u
Loi phn vng
Side kt thc
Sector kt thc
Cylinder kt thc
Sector logic
Tng s sector
Phn vng 2
00 00
41 97 07 0F FF 2C 90 42 - 06 00 A0 3E 06 00
Phn
vng
3
00 00
C1 2D 05 0F FF 92 30 81 - 0C 00 A0 91 01 00
Phn vng 4
00 00
C1 93 01 0F FF A6 D0 12 - 0E 00 C0 4E 00 00
2:12 PM
Chng 3
41
B nh ngoi
H thng file FAT (File Allocation Table
File System)
Cu trc ca h thng file FAT
Partition Boot
Sector
2:12 PM
FAT1
FAT2
Folder gc
(Root folder)
Chng 3
Folder v file
khc
42
21
B nh ngoi
Sector khi ng phn vng (PBS)
Byte
02
3 10
11 12
13
14 15
16
17 18
19 20
21
22 23
ngha
Lnh nhy
Nh sn xut
S byte / sector
S sector / cluster
S th t ca sector dnh ring
S lng FAT (thng l 2)
S lng im vo gc
Tng s sector ( 16 bit)
Mi trng lu tr (F8h ch a cng)
S sector / FAT (khng dng)
2:12 PM
Chng 3
43
B nh ngoi
Sector khi ng phn vng (PBS)
Byte
24 25 S sector / track
ngha
26 27
28 31
32 35
36 39
40 41
S side
Sector logic
Tng s sector ( > 16 bit)
S sector / FAT
C m rng (bit 7 xc nh c cn cp nht thng tin cho FAT
hay khng)
42 43 Phin bn h thng file
44 47 Cluster u tin ca folder gc
48 49 S th t ca sector cha thng tin h thng file
50 2:12
51PMS th t ca bn sao boot sector
Chng 3
44
22
B nh ngoi
Sector khi ng phn vng (PBS)
Byte
52 63 Dnh ring
64
65
66
67 70
71 81
82 89
90 509
ngha
S th t a vt l (80h ch a 1)
Khng dng
= 28h hay 29h WinNT nhn dng
S serial
Nhn a
H thng file
M khi ng
2:12 PM
Chng 3
45
B nh ngoi
Sector khi ng phn vng (PBS)
EB
02
F4
01
80
20
58
00
51
00
00
20
90
00
7A
06
29
46
2:12 PM
4D
00
00
00
FA
41
53
00
86
00
10
54
57
F8
1E
00
30
33
49
00
00
00
15
32
4E
00
00
00
53
20
34
3F
00
00
59
20
2E
00
00
00
53
20
31
FF
00
00
20
20
Chng 3
00
00
00
00
20
20
02
3F
02
00
20
08
00
00
00
20
20
00
00
00
20
00
00
00
00
20
46
23
B nh ngoi
Lnh nhy
Sector dnh
ring:
0020h (32)
S sector / cluster: 8
Nh sn xut: MSWIN4.1
MSWIN4 1
EB 58 90 4D 53 57 49 4E - 34 2E 31 00 02 08 20 00
S lng FAT
Tng s sector
( 16 bit)
S sector / track:
003Fh (63)
S side: 00FFh
(255)
Sector logic:
0000003Fh (63)
02 00 00 00 00 F8 00 00 - 3F 00 FF 00 3F 00 00 00
Tng s sector: 007A51F4h
(8,016,372)
S sector / FAT:
00001E86h (7,814)
F4 51 7A 00 86 1E 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00
2:12 PM
Chng 3
47
B nh ngoi
Sector cha thng tin
h thng file: 0001h (1)
01 00 06 00
S th t a
vt l: 1
S th t ca bn sao
boot sector: 0006h (6)
Dnh ring
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
S serial
Nhn a: SYS
80 00 29 FA 10 30 15 53 - 59 53 20 20 20 20 20 20
H thng file: FAT32
20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 - 20 20 20 20
2:12 PM
Chng 3
48
24
B nh ngoi
EB
02
F4
01
80
20
58
00
51
00
00
20
90
00
7A
06
29
46
4D
00
00
00
FA
41
53
00
86
00
10
54
57
F8
1E
00
30
33
49
00
00
00
15
32
4E
00
00
00
53
20
34
3F
00
00
59
20
2E
00
00
00
53
20
31
FF
00
00
20
20
00
00
00
00
20
20
02
3F
02
00
20
08
00
00
00
20
20
00
00
00
20
00
00
00
00
20
S sector / cluster: 8
S lng FAT: 2
S sector / track: 63
Sector logic: 63
S side: 255
2:12 PM
Chng 3
Sector vt l: Cylinder 0,
side 1, sector 1
49
B nh ngoi
EB
02
F4
01
80
20
58
00
51
00
00
20
90
00
7A
06
29
46
4D
00
00
00
FA
41
53
00
86
00
10
54
57
F8
1E
00
30
33
49
00
00
00
15
32
4E
00
00
00
53
20
34
3F
00
00
59
20
2E
00
00
00
53
20
31
FF
00
00
20
20
00
00
00
00
20
20
02
3F
02
00
20
08
00
00
00
20
20
00
00
00
20
00
00
00
00
20
Nhn a: SYS
Chng 3
50
25
B nh ngoi
Sector khi ng phn vng (PBS)
EB
02
21
01
80
20
FE
00
0A
00
00
20
90
00
95
06
29
46
4D
00
00
00
48
41
53
00
30
00
24
54
57
F8
25
00
CC
33
49
00
00
00
6B
32
4E
00
00
00
50
20
2:12 PM
34
3F
00
00
52
20
2E
00
00
00
4F
20
31
FF
00
00
47
20
00
00
00
00
52
20
02
72
02
00
41
08
52
00
00
4D
20
7A
00
00
20
00
00
00
00
20
Chng 3
51
B nh ngoi
FAT (File Allocation Table)
Phn t 0
Cluster 0
Phn t 1
Cluster 1
Phn t 2
Cluster 2
Phn t 3
Cluster 3
Phn t n
Cluster n
2:12 PM
52
26
B nh ngoi
FAT16
File1
File2
File3
2:12 PM
Chng 3
FFF8h
Cluster 0
0002h
Cluster 1
0004h
Cluster 2
0001h
Cluster 3
FFFFh
Cluster 4
000Eh
Cluster 5
FFFFh
Cluster 6
0009h
Cluster 7
000Dh
Cluster 8
000Ch
Cluster 9
000Bh
Cluster 10
0008h
Cluster 11
0005h
Cluster 12
0006h
Cluster 13
FFFFh
Cluster 14
53
FFF8h
B nh ngoi
0002h
0004h
0001h
FAT16
FFFFh
000Eh
FFFFh
FFF8
0002
0004
0001
FFFF
000E
FFFF
000D
000C
000B
0008
0005
0006
FFFF
0009
0009h
000Dh
000Ch
000Bh
0008h
F8 FF 02 00 04 00 01 00 FF FF 0E 00 FF FF 09 00
0D 00 0C 00 0B 00 08 00 05 00 06 00 FF FF
0005h
0006h
FFFFh
2:12 PM
Chng 3
54
27
FF8
B nh ngoi
02F
400
000
FAT12
001
FF0
F8 FF 02 00 04 00 01 00 FF FF 0E 00 FF FF 09 00
0D 00 0C 00 0B 00 08 00 05 00 06 00 FF FF
EFF
000
FFF
09F
FF8
02F
400
000
001
FF0
EFF
000
FFF
09F
D00
000
00C
0B0
800
000
005
060
F00
FFF
D00
000
00C
0B0
800
2:12 PM
Chng 3
55
B nh ngoi
FAT32
F8 FF 02 00 04 00 01 00 FF FF 0E 00 FF FF 09 00
0D 00 0C 00 0B 00 08 00 05 00 06 00 FF FF 00 00
0002FFF8
00010004
000EFFFF
0002FFF8
00010004
000EFFFF
0009FFFF
0000FFFF
0009FFFF
000C000D
0008000B
00060005
0000FFFF
2:12 PM
Chng 3
56
28
B nh ngoi
F8 FF 08 00 0C 00 02 00 - 06 00 FF FF 01 00 0E 00
FF FF 0F 00 03 00 0D 00 05 00 FF FF 0B 00 07 00
File1: bt u ti cluster 4
Fil 2 bt
File2:
b u
tii cluster
l
9
File3: bt u ti cluster 10
2:12 PM
Chng 3
57
B nh ngoi
1 entry ca folder gc (root folder)
Byte
0-10
11
Chc
nng
Byte
Tn
M rng
18-19
Thuc tnh
Chc
nng
Ngy
truy xut
2:12 PM
12-13
14-15
16-17
Ngy to
20-21
22-23
Thi gian
to
24-25
26-27
28-31
Cluster bt
u (2 byte
cao)
Thi gian
thay i thng
tin
Ngy thay
i thng
tin
Cluster bt
u (2 byte
thp)
Kch
thc
Chng 3
58
29
B nh ngoi
1 entry ca folder gc (root folder)
Thuc tnh file / folder
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Archive
SubDir
Volume
System
Hidden
ReadOnly
Back
2:12 PM
Chng 3
59
B nh ngoi
1 entry ca folder gc (root folder)
Ngy
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Nm - 1980
Thng
Ngy
Back
2:12 PM
Chng 3
60
30
B nh ngoi
1 entry ca folder gc (root folder)
Thi gian
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Gi
Pht
Giy/2
Back
2:12 PM
Chng 3
61
B nh ngoi
Tn M rng:
WINZIP.80
57 49 4E 5A 49 50 20 20 38 30 20 11 00 0A
8C 6B
C9 2A C9 2A 00 00 8D 6B C9 2A 17 8F 00 00 00 00
Ngy truy xut thng tin cui cng
Ngy to: 2AC9h 0010 1010 1100 1001
Nm: 0010101b 21 21 + 1980 = 2001
Thng: 0110b 6
Ngy: 01001b 9
09/06/2001
2:12 PM
Kch
thc
Cluster bt u: 00008F17h
(36,631)
Chng 3
62
31
Byte
0-10
11
Chc
nng
Byte
Tn
M rng
18-19
Thuc tnh
Chc
nng
Ngy
truy xut
D7
-
D6
-
12-13
14-15
16-17
Ngy to
20-21
22-23
Thi gian
to
24-25
26-27
28-31
Cluster bt
u (2 byte
cao)
Thi gian
thay i thng
tin
Ngy thay
i thng
tin
Cluster bt
u (2 byte
thp)
Kch
thc
D5
Archive
D4
SubDir
D3
Volume
D2
System
D1
D0
Hidden Read-Only
4F
2E
56
00
45
31
Gi
4D 54
2F 31
52 54
00 00
53 54
59 31
2:12 PM
52
0D
4F
00
45
06
49
00
4F
00
52
00
41
30
4C
EE
20
6D
4C
6E
53
9C
20
84
45
C3
20
1F
4A
69
Pht
58
2E
20
31
50
30
45
B1
20
AB
47
5C
Chng 3
23
E4
10
00
20
F9
00
C8
00
00
00
40
64
2F
00
00
A5
72
2F
13
00
00
9A
01
Giy/2
6E
15
00
00
9D
00
63
B nh ngoi
NTFS (New Technology File System)
Partition Boot
Sector
2:12 PM
Master File
Table
System File
Chng 3
File area
64
32
NTFS
Sector khi ng phn vng (PBS)
Byte
02
3 10
11 12
13
14 15
16 18
19 20
21
22 23
24 25
26 27
ngha
Lnh nhy
Nh sn xut
S byte / sector
S sector / cluster
Sector dnh ring
Lun bng 0
Khng dng
Mi trng lu tr (F8h ch a cng)
Lun bng 0
S sector / track
S side
2:12 PM
Chng 3
65
NTFS
Sector khi ng phn vng (PBS)
Byte
28 31
32 35
36 39
40 47
48 55
56 63
64 67
68 71
72 79
80 83
ngha
Sector logic
Khng dng
Khng dng
Tng s sector
S cluster vt l dnh cho $MFT
S cluster vt l dnh cho $MFTMirror
S cluster dng cho File Record Segment
S cluster dnh cho khi ch mc
Serial
Kim tra
2:12 PM
Chng 3
66
33
NTFS
EB
00
00
04
F6
00
52
00
00
00
00
00
90
00
00
00
00
00
4E
00
00
00
00
00
54
00
80
00
01
2:12 PM
46
F8
00
00
00
53
00
80
00
00
20
00
00
00
00
20
3F
4A
54
14
20
00
F5
FF
A5
20
FF
7F
07
1B
Chng 3
00
00
00
00
74
02
3F
00
00
C9
08
00
00
00
1B
00
00
00
00
74
00
00
00
00
1C
67
NTFS
MFT (Master File Table)
2:12 PM
Chng 3
68
34
NTFS
MFT (Master File Table)
2:12 PM
$MFT
$MFTMirror
$Logfile
$Volume
$AttrDef
Root Dir
$Bitmap
$Boot
$BadClus
$Secure
$Upcase
$Extend
$Quota
$ObjId
$Reparse
Chng 3
69
Chng 3
70
NTFS
MFT Record
-
2:12 PM
Sector
Name
Type
Attributes
Size
Date
1st cluster
NT attribute
35