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CHIN LC 3PL

Nhm SECOND
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L C ANH

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NGUYN MNG THY NHI Lp 35K12.2 NGUYN TH THY AN Lp 35K12.1 Lp 35K12.1 Lp 35K02.2 Lp 35K02.2 Lp 35K02.2 Lp 35k12.1

NGUYN TH KIU TRANG


ON L MINH LM DNG HNG NHUNG NGUYN BI THNG PHM TH KIU NHUNG

GVHD : PHM NGUYN HO AN

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PHN I: TNG QUAN V LOGISTIC


I. Khai nim va s phat trin cua Logistics :

1. Khai nim Logistics l mt thut ng c ngun gc Hy Lp (logistikos) phn nh mn khoa hc nghin cu tnh quy lut ca cc hot ng cung ng v m bo cc yu t t chc, vt cht v k thut cho qu trnh chnh yu c tin hnh ng mc tiu. Logistics c khi nim bt ngun t nhu cu qun s trong vic cung cp tai chinh , qun s cho chnh h trong qu trnh di chuyn ca cc on qun t cn c ra tin tuyn. V mt lch s, thut ng logistics bt ngun t cc cuc chin tranh c i ca ch Hy Lp v La M. Khi , nhng chin binh c chc danh Logistikas c giao nhim v chu cp v phn phi v kh v thc phm thit yu, m bo iu kin cho qun s hnh qun an ton t bn doanh n mt v tr khc. Cng vic hu cn ny c ngha sng cn ti cc din ca chin tranh, khi cc bn tm mi cch bo v ngun cung ng ca mnh v tm cch trit ph ngun cung ng ca i phng . Theo nh ngha ca Oxford th logistics c hiu l mt nhnh ca khoa hc qun s lin quan n vic tin hnh, duy tr v vn chuyn phng tin thit b v nhn s. Logistics c khi nim lin quan n kinh doanh bt ngun t nhng nm 1950. iu ny ch yu l do s gia tng trong vic cung cp, vn chuyn trong mt th gii ton cu ha i hi phi c nhng nh chuyn gia trong lnh vc ny. Thut ng logistics cng c s dng chnh thc trong Lut thng mi 2005, v c phin m (mt cch kh ng nghnh) theo ting Vit l l-gi-stc. iu 233 Lut thng mi ni rng: Dch v logistics l hot ng thng mi, theo thng nhn t chc thc hin mt hoc nhiu cng vic bao gm nhn hng, vn chuyn, lu kho, lu bi, lm th tc hi quan, cc th tc giy t khc, t vn khch hng, ng gi bao b, ghi k m hiu, giao
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hng hoc cc dch v khc c lin quan n hng ha theo tha thun vi khch hng hng th lao. Logistics c th tm dch mt cch khng st ngha l hu cn, nhng c l n nay Ting Vit cha c thut ng tng ng. Chng ta c th chp nhn t logistics nh mt t c Vit ha, cng tng t nh nhiu t khc trong thc t chp nhn nh container, marketing Trong sn xut kinh doanh, Logistics cp n vic ti thiu ha chi ph, t vic mua sm nguyn vt liu cho ti vic lp, thc hin k hoch sn xut v giao hng. Mc tiu ca Logistics trong sn xut kinh doanh l gim thiu cc chi ph pht sinh, ng thi vn phi t c cc mc tiu m doanh nghip ra.Tm li, Logistics c th c nh ngha nh sau (Coyle, 2003): Logistics l qu trnh d bo nhu cu v huy ng cc ngun lc nh vn, vt t, thit b, nhn lc, cng ngh v thng tin tha mn nhanh nht nhng yu cu v sn phm, dch v ca khch hng trn c s khai thc tt nht h thng sn xut v cc mng phn phi, cung cp hin c ca doanh nghip, vichi ph hp l. Logistics khng phai la mt dich vu n le ( do o thut ng nay bao gi cung dang s nhiu : LOGISTICS . Du la danh t, hay tinh t , khng bao gi ngi ta vit LOGISIC) Logistics lun lun la mt chui cac dich vu v giao nhn hng hoa nh lam thu tuc giy t, t chc vn tai, bao bi ong goi ghi nhan hiu, lu kho lu bai, phn phat hang hoa ( nguyn liu hoc thanh phm) ti cac ia chi khac nhau, chun bi cho hang hoa ti cac ia chi khac nhau, chun bi cho hang hoa lun lun sn sang trong trang thai co yu cu cua khach hang la i ngay c. Chinh vi vy khi noi ti Logistics bao gi ngi ta cung noi ti mt chui h thng dich vu . Vi chui h thng dich vu nay, ngi cung cp dich vu Logistics se giup khach hang co th tit kim c chi phi cua u vao trong cac khu dich chuyn, lu kho, lu bai va phn phat hang hoa ( nguyn liu , ban thanh phm , hoc thanh phm ) cung nh chi phi dich vu Logistics a noi trn.
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2. S phat trin cua Logistics Theo uy ban kinh t va xa hi Chu A-Thai Binh Dng cua Lin Hp Quc ( ESCAP) thi qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trin cua Logistics trai qua 3 giai oan nh sau : Giai on 1: Phn phi vt cht Vo nhng nm 60, 70 ca th k XX, ngi ta quan tm n vic qun l c h thng nhng hot ng c lin quan vi nhau m bo hiu qu vic giao hng, thnh phm v bn thnh phm...cho khch hng. Nhng hot ng l: vn ti, phn phi, bo qun, nh mc tn kho, bao b ng gi, di chuyn nguyn liu... Nhng hot ng ny gi l phn phi vt cht hay Logistics u vo. Giai on 2: H thng Logistics Vo nhng nm 80 - 90 ca th k XX, cc cng ty kt hp cht ch s qun l ca 2 mt (u vo v u ra) gim ti a chi ph cng nh tit kim chi ph.S kt hp cht ch gia cung ng nguyn liu cho sn xut vi phn phi sn phm n tay ngi tiu dng m bo tnh lin tc v n nh ca cc lung vnchuyn.S kt hp c m t l h thng Logistics. Giai on 3: Qun l dy chuyn cung cp Giai on ny din ra t nhng nm 90 ca th k XX cho n nay. Qun l dy chuyn cung cp - y l khi nim c tnh chin lc v qun l dy ni tip cc hot ng t ngi cung ng - n ngi sn xut - n khch hng cng vi dch v lm tng thm gi tr sn phm nh cung ng chng t lin quan, theo di,kim tra... Khi nim ny coi trng i tc, pht trin i tc, kt hp gia doanhnghip sn xut kinh doanh vi ngi cung ng, khch hng cng nh nhng ngilin quan n h thng qun l (cc cng ty vn ti, lu kho, nhng ngi cung cp cng ngh thng tin...). Nh vy Logistics c pht trin t vic p dng cc knng "tip vn", "hu cn" trong qun i gii quyt
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nhng vn pht sinh cathc t sn xut - kinh doanh v n nay c hon thin tr thnh h thng qun l mang li hiu qu kinh t cao 3. Nguyn nhn ra i va phat trin Logistics trong doanh nghip : Trong chin tranh, c bit l chin tranh th gii ln th II, rt nhiu k nng ca Logistics c bit n nhng li b lng qun trong hot ng kinh t thi hu chin v lc ny, s ch ca cc nh qun tr Marketing ang hng vo vic p ng nhng nhu cu hng ho sau chin tranh. Phi n thi k suy thoi kinh t v nhng nm 50 ca th k XX th h mi bt u nghin cu mng li phn phi vt cht. Cuc khng hong kinh t th gii 1958 v vic thu hp li nhun thc y cc cc doanh nghip tm kim cc h thng kim sot chi ph t hiu qu hn. V hu nh ng thi rt nhiu doanh nghip nhn ra rng "phn phi vt cht" v "Logistics" l nhng vn cha c nghin cu k v cha thc s kt hp vi nhau kim sot v gim ti a chi ph. Qua nghin cu thc t, cc doanh nghip u cho rng: Vic Logistics ra i v pht trin trong doanhnghip l mt yu t tt yu nu doanh nghip mun t c li nhun cao nht trong qu trnh hot ng, sn xut kinh doanh. Nguyn nhn chnh xut pht t cc yu t sau: Th nht, chi ph vn ti tng nhanh Cc phng thc phn phi truyn thng ngy cng t hn, dn n cn phi ch vic kim sot cht ch nhng chi ph ny vo nhng nm 70 ca th kXX, kim sot chi ph vn ti cng cn thit hn do gi nhin liu tng vt. Vn ti lc ny khng c coi l mt nhn t n nh trong phng n kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip na. Nh vy thc t i hi cn phi c ngh thut qun l cp cao hn can thip vo nhng lnh vc lin quan n vn ti c trong lnh vc chnh sch cng nh qu trnh thc hin. Th hai, hiu qu trong sn xut t ti nh cao Trn thc t, khi hiu qu trong sn xut t ti nh cao rt kh tm thm nhng bin php nhm tit kim hn na nhng chi ph t sn xut, ni khc i l chi ph trong sn
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xut c gn lc mt cch ti a. V vy mun ti u ho qu trnh sn xut vt cht, cc doanh nghip phi tm kim mt gii php khc - "phn phi vt cht" v "Logistics", lnh vc hu nh cha c khai ph
Th ba, trong nhn thc ca cc doanh nghip c s thay i c bn v nguyn

l tr hng Trc y c thi k cc nh bn l nm gi khong mt na lng hng thnh phm, na cn li do cc nh bn bun v sn xut nm gi. Vo nhng nm 50 ca th k XX, nhiu k thut kim sot hng tn kho c p dng, c bit trong kinh doanh hng tp ho, lm gim lng hng ha trong kho, thay i t l nm gi hng ho ca cc nh bn l xung cn 10% cn cc nh phn phi v sn xut nm gi 90%. Nh vy, nhn thc ca cc doanh nghip c s thay i rt ln v nguyn l tr hng. Hu ht cc doanh nghip u nhn thc c tm quan trng ca cng tc hu cn trong doanh nghip. Th t, cc ngnh hng sn xut gia tng nhanh chng. y l kt qu trc tip ca nguyn l Marketing c bn "cung cp chokhch hng nhng sn phm m h yu cu. Nhu cu cua khach hang ngay cang a dng v phc tp , i hi nh sn xut phi tm cch lun hon thin mnh v hon thin sn phm sao cho ph hp vi nhu cu v th hiu ca khch hng. Th nm, cng ngh thng tin to nn s thay i ln trong sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Vic qun l cch thc thc hnh Logistics i hi phi c mt khi lng ln chi tit v d liu. V d nh: V tr ca mi khch hng; nhu cu ca tng n hng; v tr ni sn xut; nh kho v cc trung tm phn phi; chi ph vn ti t kho n tng khch hng; ngi chuyn ch sn sc cc dch v m h cung cp; v tr ca cc nh cung cp v lng hng tn kho ti cc kho, trung tm phn phi...Tt c cc thng tin ny lm cho vic phn tch th cng khng th thc hin c. Nhng ngy nay, vi
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s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc cng ngh m c bit l my vi tnh - v cu tinh ton hc, vic hin thc ho khi nim phn phi vLogistics khng cn l vn kh khn na. Nh vy cc thnh tu khoa hc cng ngh gp phn rt ln trong vic to nn s thay i vt bc trong sn xut kinh doanh ca mi doanh nghip. Th su, yu t ny cng lin quan n s gia tng ca s dng my vi tnh Nh chng ta bit my tnh c vai tr rt quan trng. Hu nh tt c cc phng ban trong cc doanh nghip u c trang b h thng mng li vi tnh rt tin tin v hin i. Vi tnh i vo i sng cng s nh mt s tht hin nhin m ai cng nhn thy. Mc d c th c mt s doanh nghip khng dng my vi tnh nhng cc nh cung cp v cc khch hng ca h vn s dng. iu ny gip cho doanh nghip nhn thy c mt cch c h thng cht lng ca cc dch v m h nhn c t cc nh cung cp. Da trn s phn tch ny, nhiu doanh nghip xc nh c nh cung cp no thng xuyn cung cp cc dch v di mc tiu chun. Nhiu doanh nghip nhn thy s cn thit phi nng cp h thng phn phi ca mnh. V khi cc doanh nghip chuyn sang p dng h thng JIT (Just in time) th h cng t ra cho cc nh cung cp mt yu cu rt chnh xc v vn chuyn nguyn vt liu hoc giao hng. Trn y l nhng nguyn nhn c bn thc y s ra i v pht trin Logistics trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Khi x hi c s bin i, mun ti u ho qu trnh sn xut vt cht, gi y khng phich ch trng vo khu sn xut, nng cao nng sut lao ng, to nhiu sn phm m phi bit kt hp tt c cc yu t c lin quan nh vn ti, kho bi, cch lu tr nguyn liu, sn phm v qu trnh thc hin n hng... to thnh dng chy lin tc, t c mt dch v khch hng m bo v mt thi gian ng thi titkim c chi ph. Logistics ra i v pht trin nhm p ng nhng yu cu trn. II. Phn loai cac hoat ng Logistics :
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Th k 21, logistics pht trin m rng sang nhiu lnh vc v phm vi khc nhau. Di y l mt s cch phn loi thng gp: Theo phm vi v mc quan trng: - Logistics kinh doanh (Bussiness logistics) l mt phn ca qu trnh chui cung ng, nhm hoch nh thc thi v kim sot mt cch hiu qu v hiu lc cc dng vn ng v d tr sn phm, dch v v thng tin c lin quan t cc im khi u n im tiu dng nhm tho mn nhng yu cu ca khch hng - Logistics qun i (Military Logistics) l vic thit k v phi hp cc phng din h tr v cc thit b cho cc chin dch v trn nh ca lc lng qun i. m bo s sn sng, chnh xc v hiu qu cho cc hot ng ny. - Logistics s kin (Event logistics) l tp hp cc hot ng, cc phng tin vt cht k thut v con ngi cn thit t chc, sp xp lch trnh, nhm trin khai cc ngun lc cho mt s kin c din ra hiu qu v kt thc tt p - Dch v logistics (Service logistics) bao gm cc hot ng thu nhn, lp chng trnh, v qun tr cc iu kin c s vt cht/ ti sn, con ngi, v vt liu nhm h tr v duy tr cho cc qu trnh dch v hoc cc hot ng kinh doanh doanh . Theo v tr ca cc bn tham gia
- Logistics bn th nht (1PL- First Party Logistics): la ngi cung cp hng

ha, thng l ngi gi hng (shipper), hoc l ngi nhn hng (consignee). Cc cng ty t thc hin cc hot ng logistics ca mnh. Cng ty s hu cc phng tin vn ti, nh xng, thit b xp d v cc ngun lc khc bao gm c con ngi thc hin cc hot ng logistics. y l nhng tp on Logistics ln trn th gii vi mng li logistics ton cu, c phng cch hot ng ph hp vi tng a phng. - Logistics bn th hai (2PL - Second Party Logistics): ch hot ng logistics do ngi cung cp dch v logistics cho mt hot ng n l trong chui cung
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ng p ng nhu cu ca ch hng. Chng han nh hang tau, hang hang khng , hang xe tai
- Logistics bn th ba (3PL - Third Party Logistics): l ngi thay mt t chc

thc hin v qun l cc dch v logistics cho tng b phn chc nng. H thng m nhim mt phn, hay ton b cc cng on ca chui cung ng.

Theo qu trnh nghip v (logistical operations) chia thnh 3 nhm c bn


- Hot ng mua ( Procurement) l cc hot ng lin quan n n vic to ra cc sn phm v nguyn vt liu t cc nh cung cp bn ngoi. Mc tiu chung ca mua l h tr cc nh sn xut hoc thng mi thc hin tt cc hot ng mua hng vi chi ph thp - Hot ng h tr sn xut ( Manufacturing support) tp trung vo hot ng qun tr dng d tr mt cch hiu qu gia cc bc trong qu trnh sn xut. H tr sn xut khng tr li cu hi phi l sn xut nh th no m l ci g, khi no v u sn phm s c to ra - Hot ng phn phi ra th trng (Market distribution) lin quan n vic cung cp cc dch v khch hng. Mc tiu c bn ca phn phi l h tr to ra doanh thu qua vic cung cp mc dch v khch hng mong i c tnh chin lc mc chi ph thp nht. Theo hng vn ng vt cht - Logistic u vo ( Inbound logistics) Ton b cc hot ng h tr dng nguyn liu u vo t ngun cung cp trc tip cho ti cc t chc. - Logistic u ra ( Outbound logistics) Ton b cc hot ng h tr dng sn phm u ra cho ti tay khch hng ti cc t chc - Logistic ngc ( Logistics reverse) Bao gm cc dng sn phm, hng ha h hng, km cht lng, dng chu chuyn ngc ca bao b i ngc chiu trong knh logistics.
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Theo i tng hng ha Cc hot ng logistics c th gn lin vi c trng vt cht ca cc loi sn phm. Do cc sn phm c tnh cht, c im khc nhau i hi cc hot ng logistics khng ging nhau. iu ny cho php cc ngnh hng khc nhau c th xy dng cc chng trnh, cc hot ng u t, hin i ha hot ng logistics theo c trng ring ca loi sn phm ty vo mc chuyn mn ha, hnh thnh nn cc hot ng logistics c th vi cc i tng hng ha khc nhau nh: - Logistic hng tiu dng ngn ngy - Logistic ngnh t - Logistic ngnh ha cht
- Logistic hng in t - Logistic ngnh du kh v.v.

III. Vi tri va vai tro cua Logistics : Ngnh logistics c v tr ngy cng quan trng trong cc nn kinh t hin i v c nh hng to ln n s pht trin kinh t ca cc quc gia v ton cu. Phn gi tr gia tng do ngnh logistics to ra ngy cng ln v tc ng ca n th hin r di nhng kha cnh di y:
- Logistics l cng c lin kt cc hot ng kinh t trong mt quc gia v ton cu

qua vic cung cp nguyn liu, sn xut, lu thng phn phi, m rng th trng. Trong cc nn kinh t hin i, s tng trng v s lng ca khch hng thc y s gia tng ca cc th trng hng ha v dch v trong nc v quc t. Hng nghn sn phm v dch v mi c gii thiu, ang c bn ra v phn phi hng ngy n cc ng ngch ca th gii trong thp k va qua. gii quyt cc thch thc do th trng m rng v s tng nhanh ca hng ha v dch v, cc hng kinh doanh phi m rng quy m v tnh phc tp, pht trin cc nh my lin hp thay th cho nhng nh my n. H thng logistics hin i gip cc hng lm ch c ton b nng lc cung ng ca
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mnh qua vic lin kt cc hot ng cung cp, sn xut, lu thng, phn phi kp thi chnh xc. Nh m p ng c nhng c hi kinh doanh trong phm vi ton cu. Chnh v vy, s phn phi sn phm t cc ngun ban u n cc ni tiu th tr thnh mt b phn v cng quan trng trong GDP mi quc gia. Ti M logistics ng gp xp x 9,9% trong GDP. Nm 1999 M chi khong 554 t USD cho vn ti hng ha ng thy, hn 332 t USD cho chi ph kho d tr v, hn 40 t USD cho qun l truyn thng v qun l cc qu trnh logistics, tng cng l 921 t USD. u t vo cc c s vn ti v phn phi, khng tnh cc ngun cng cng, c lng hng trm t USD, cho thy logistics l mt ngnh kinh doanh tim nng v v cng quan trng.
- Ti u ha chu trnh lu chuyn ca sn xut, kinh doanh t khu u vo n

khi sn phm n tay ngi tiu dng cui cng. Logistics h tr s di chuyn v dng chy ca nhiu hot ng qun l hiu qu, n to thun li trong vic bn hu ht cc loi hng ha v dch v. hiu hn v hnh nh h thng ny, c th thy rng nu hng ha khng n ng thi im, khng n ng cc v tr v vi cc iu kin m khch hng cn th khch hng khng th mua chng, v vic khng bn c hng ha s lm mi hot ng kinh t trong chui cung cp b v hiu.
- Tit kim v gim chi phi ph trong lu thng phn phi. Vi t cch l cc t

chc kinh doanh cung cp cc dch v logistics chuyn nghip, cc doanh nghip logistics mang li y cc li ch ca cc third party cho cc ngnh sn xut v kinh doanh khc. T m mang li hiu qu cao khng ch cht lng dch v cung cp m cn tit kim ti a v thi gian v tin bc cho cc qu trnh lu thng phn phi trong nn kinh t.
- M rng th trng trong bun bn quc t, gp phn gim chi ph, hon thin v

tiu chun ha chng t trong kinh doanh c bit trong bun bn v vn ti quc t. Trong thi i ton cu ha, thng mi quc t l s la chn tt yu cho mi quc gia trong tin trnh pht trin t nc. Cc giao dch quc t ch thc hin c v mang li hiu qu cho quc gia khi da trn mt h thng logistics r tin v cht lng cao. H thng ny gip cho mi dng hng ha c lu chuyn thun li, sun s t quc gia
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ny n quc gia khc nh vic cung ng kp thi, phn phi chnh xc, chng t tiu chun, thng tin r rng L mt b phn trong GDP, logistics nh hng ng k n t l lm pht, t l li xut, nng sut, chi ph, cht lng v hiu qu, cng nh cc kha cnh khc ca nn kinh t. Mt nghin cu ch ra rng bnh qun mt t chc ca M c th m rng nng sut logistics 20% hoc hn trong 1 nm. Mt cch ch ra vai tr ca logistics l so snh ph tn ca n vi cc hot ng x hi khc. Ti M chi ph kinh doanh logstics ln gp 10 ln qung co, gp i so vi chi ph bo v quc gia v ngang bng vi chi ph chm sc sc khe con ngi hng nm. Xt tm vi m, trc y cc cng ty thng coi logistics nh mt b phn hp thnh cc chc nng marketing v sn xut. Marketing coi logistics l vic phn phi vt l hng ha. C s cho quan nim ny l hot ng d tr thnh phm hoc cung cp cc yu t u vo do logistics m nhim cng l nhim v ca bin s phn phi (Place) trong marketing - mix v c gi l phn phi vn ng vt l. Hiu n gin l kh nng a 1 sn phm n ng thi im, ng s lng, ng khch hng. Phn phi vt l v thc hin n t hng c th coi l s thay i ch cht trong vic bn sn phm, do cng l c s quan trng trong thc hin bn hng. Sn xut coi logistics l vic la chn a im xy dng nh my, chn ngun cung ng tt v phn phi hng ha thun tinBi l cc hot ng ny nh hng v lin quan cht ch n thi gian iu hnh sn xut, k hach sn xut, kh nng cung cp nguyn vt liu, tnh thi v ca sn xut, chi ph sn xut, thm ch ngay c vn bao b ng gi sn phm trong sn xut cng nghip hin i. Do chc nng logistics khng c phn nh rch ri nn c nhng nh hng tiu cc n cht lng dch v khch hng v tng chi ph logistics bi s sao nhng v thiu trch nhim vi hot ng ny. Quan im kinh doanh hin i ngy nay coi logistics l mt chc nng c lp, ng thi c mi quan h tng h vi hai chc nng c bn ca doanh nghip l sn xut v marketing, phn giao din gia chng c nhng hot ng chung
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SAN XUT


xut

Cht lng Mua vt liu Lich san ia im san xut Thit bi Cng sut Tiu chun

Logistics
Vn chuyn D tr X ly h Kho bai Dich vu kh inh gia ong goi ia im ban le

Marketing San phm Gia ca Phn phi Giao tip

Cc hot ng phi hp gia sn xut v hu

Cc hot ng phi hp gia marketing v hu

Hnh 1.1:

Quan h gia chc nng logistics vi chc nng sn xut

Hn th na, trong giai on hin nay, ti cc quc gia pht trin, qun tr logistics cn c ghi nhn nh mt thnh t quan trng trong vic to ra li nhun v li th cnh tranh cho cc t chc. Vai tr ca n th hin rt r nt ti cc doanh nghip vn hnh theo c ch th trng.
- Logistics nng cao hiu qu qun l, gim thiu chi ph sn trong qu trnh 59

sn xut, tng cng sc cnh tranh cho doanh nghip. Quan im marketing cho rng,
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kinh doanh tn ti da trn s tha mn nhu cu khch hng v cho thy 3 thnh phn ch yu ca khi nim ny l s phi hp cc n lc marketing, tha mn khch hng v li nhun cng ty. Logistics ng vai tr quan trng vi cc thnh phn ny theo cch thc khc nhau. N gip phi hp cc bin s marketing mix, gia tng s hi lng ca khch hng, trc tip lm gim chi ph, gin tip lm tng li nhun trong di hn.
- Logistics to ra gi tr gia tng v thi gian v a im: Mi sn phm c

sn xut ra lun mang mt hnh thi hu dng v gi tr (form utility and value) nht nh vi con ngi. Tuy nhin c khch hng tiu th, hu ht cc sn phm ny cn c nhiu hn th. N cn c a n ng v tr, ng thi gian v c kh nng trao i vi khch hng. Cc gi tr ny cng thm vo sn phm v vt xa phn gi tr to ra trong sn xut c gi l li ch a im, li ch thi gian v li ch s hu (place, time and possession utility). Li ch a im l gi tr cng thm vo sn phm qua vic to cho n kh nng trao i hoc tiu th ng v tr. Li ch thi gian l ga tr c sng to ra bng vic to ra kh nng sn phm ti ng thi im m khch hng c nhu cu, nhng li ch ny l kt qu ca hot ng logistics. Nh vy Logistics gp phn to ra tnh hu ch v thi gian v a im cho sn phm, nh m sn phm c th n ng v tr cn thit vo thi im thch hp. Trong xu hng ton cu ha, khi m th trng tiu th v ngun cung ng ngy cng tr nn xa cch v mt a l th cc li ch v thi gian v a im do logistics mang tr nn c bit cn thit cho vic tiu dng sn phm
-

Logistics cho php doanh nghip di chuyn hng ha v dch v hiu qu n

khch hng: Logistics khng ch gp phn ti u ha v v tr m cn ti u ha cc dng hng ha v dch v ti doanh nghip nh vo vic phn b mng li cc c s kinh doanh v iu kin phc v ph hp vi yu cu vn ng hng ha. Hn th na, cc m hnh qun tr v phng n ti u trong d tr, vn chuyn, mua hngv h thng thng tin hin i s to iu kin a hng ha n ni khch hng yu cu nhanh nht vi chi ph thp, cho php doanh nghip thc hin hiu qu cc hot ng ca mnh
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15 | P a g e - Logistics c vai tr h tr nh qun l ra quyt nh chnh xc trong hot ng

sn xut kinh doanh, l mt ngun li tim tng cho doanh nghip: Mt h thng logistics hiu qu v kinh t cng tng t nh mt ti sn v hnh cho cng ty. Nu mt cng ty c th cung cp sn phm cho khch hng ca mnh mt cch nhanh chng vi chi ph thp th c th thu c li th v th phn so vi i th cnh tranh. iu ny c th gip cho vic bn hng mc chi ph thp hn nh vo h thng logistics hiu qu hoc cung cp dch v khch hng vi trnh cao hn do d to ra uy tn. Mc d khng t chc no ch ra phn vn qu ny trong bng cn i ti sn nhng cn phi tha nhn rng y l phn ti sn v hnh ging nh bn quyn, pht minh, sng ch, thng hiu. IV. Ni dung c ban cua quan tri Logistics : Trong phm vi mt doanh nghip, qun tr logistics c hiu l mt b phn ca qu trnh chui cung ng, bao gm vic hoch nh, thc hin v kim sot c hiu lc, hiu qu cc dng vn ng v d tr hng ha, dch v cng cc thng tin c lin quan t im khi u n cc im tiu th theo n t hng nhm tho mn yu cu ca khch hng. Quan im ny c khi qut ho trong hnh 1.2.

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Hnh 1.2:

Cc thnh phn v hot ng c bn ca h thng Logistics

Hnh ny cho thy logistics khng phi l mt hot ng n l m l mt chui cc hot ng lin tc, c quan h mt thit v tc ng qua li ln nhau, bao trm mi yu t to nn sn phm t cc nhp lng u vo cho n giai on tiu th sn phm cui cng. Cc ngun ti nguyn u vo khng ch bao gm vn, vt t, nhn lc m cn bao hm c dch v, thng tin, b quyt v cng ngh. Cc hot ng ny cng c phi kt trong mt chin lc kinh doanh tng th ca doanh nghip t tm hoch nh n thc thi, t chc v trin khai ng b t mua, d tr, tn kho, bo qun, vn chuyn n thng tin, bao b, ng giV chnh nh vo s kt hp ny m cc hot ng kinh doanh c h tr mt cch ti u, nhp nhng v hiu qu, to ra c s tho mn khch hng mc cao nht hay mang li cho h nhng gi tr gia tng ln hn so vi i th cnh tranh. Mt cch khi qut, mc tiu ca qun tr logistics l cung ng dch v cho khch hng t hiu qu cao.C th hn, theo E.Grosvenor Plowman, mc tiu ca h thng logistics l cung cp cho cho khch hng 7 li ch - (7 rights): Khach hang S lng iu kin ia im Thi gian Chi phi
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PHN 2 : TNG QUAN V 3PL( THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS)


I.

Khi nim v ngun gc ca 3PL: Third-Party Logistics Mt cng ty 3PL c xc nh l mt nh cung cp bn ngoi thay mt ch doanh

nghip thc hin chc nng logistics. Cc hot ng logistics c cung cp 1 cch ring r hoc tch hp ty theo yu cu ca ch doanh nghip hoc nng lc ca nh cung cp dch v logistics. Khi u ca 3PL c th c bt ngun t nhng nm 70 v 80, c nhiu cng ty thu ngoi dch v logistics nh l bn th 3. Theo thi gian, nhng nh cung cp dch v logistics (3PL) m rng hot ng ca h v khu vc a l, hng ho, phng thc vn chuyn, tch hp cc dch v kho bi v vn chuyn m h hin c v tr thnh mt "3PL" nh nhng g chng ta bit ngy nay.

II.

Phn loi cc nh cung cp 3PL Da trn vn chuyn: Cc cng ty ny thng pht trin rng hn vic vn chuyn cung cp mt tp

hp y , ton din v dch v logistics. Mt s dch v c cung cp bi cc cng ty ny tn dng cc ti sn m h c tha hng t cc cng ty khc. Mt s khc th phi s dng cc ti sn vn chuyn ca t chc m.
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V d: UPS v FedEx Logistics, DHL, Ryder,

Da trn kho bi hay phn phi: Thng thng, hu ht cc nh cung cp hot ng logistics da trn kho bi hay

s phn phi u kinh doanh dch v kho bi v m rng phm vi hot ng trong logistics. Cc cng ty ny thng pht trin v cc hot ng logistics nh: qun l hng tn kho, kho bi, phn phi V d: Ozburn-Hessey Logistics, DSC Logistics, tp on Saddle Creek, tp on IBM,

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Da trn ngi giao nhn (chuyn tip)

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C vai tr l mt nh trung gian trong hot ng logistics, chuyn tip hng ha cho khch hng ti cc sn bay, cng bin, cc cng ty ny rt c lp, khng s hu ti sn v c mi quan h rng ln vi cc nh cung cp ca dch v logistics. V d: AEI, Kuehne & Nagle, Fritz, Circle, C. H. Robinson, Hub Group... Da trn ti chnh. Cung cp cc dch v nh: kim tra v thanh ton cc khon cc ph vn chuyn, k ton v kim sot chi ph v cc cng c qun l logistics gim st, t trc, theo di, kim tra v qun l hng tn kho.

V d: h thng thng tin Cass, tp on Giao thng Thng Mi (CTC), AIMS

Da trn thng tin: Cc ng cung cp loi ny c mt s tng trng v pht trin mnh m ca c s Internet, cc giao dch gia doanh nghip vi doanh nghip (B2B) , th trng in t cho dch v vn chuyn v logistics. V d: Transplace, Nistevo.
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III.

ng dng ca 3PL: Trong cc doanh nghip, 3PL c dng gii quyt cc vn sau: Doanh nghip c mng li phn phi rng v phc tp V d: National Semiconductor l mt nh sn xut chip my tnh, truyn thng v

th trng ngi tiu dng hng u th gii. Mi nm, National Semiconductor phn phi hng t chip t cc c s sn xut ca mnh ng Nam cho cc khch hng trn ton cu. UPS l i tc 3PL c la chn qun l thc hin n hng. Trung tm phn phi t ti Singapore v c mng li ton cu phn phi cc chip cho cc khch hng chu , chu u v Bc M. Cc cng ty khng tp trung vo hot ng logistics nh mt nng lc ct li ca h. V d: Cc cng ty nng lng lin quan n du th, kh thin nhin, v sn xut cc nng lng khc nh Tp on Chevron v Bristish Petroleum cn phi u t nhiu vo my mc, thit b, tp trung vo vic thm d v khai thc du th, kh thin nhin V vy, h khng tp trung nhiu vo hot ng logistics m thu ngoi hot ng ny. Khi mun tit kim thi gian, c th tp trung vo vic m rng th trng v tng doanh s. V d: Khi BMW mun tng doanh s, Kuehne & Nagel l cng ty 3PL c la chn qun l khng ch l phn phi xe cho cc i l m cn qun l phn li nhn ct li gi li ca cc i l. Xe BMW c phn phi t 2 a im kho bi ca Kuehne & Nagel California v New Jersey. Mi c s kim tra tt c cc xe n, v cc ca hng, vn chuyn theo n t hng cho cc i l trong nc M. Phn li nhun gi li t cc i l c qun l bi 5 c s Kuehne & Nagel c s, mi c s x l cc phn tr li v phn phi li nhun cho nh cung cp M v c. IV. Phn tch SWOT
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im mnh
lp mng li phn phi. v vn chuyn. khch hng. - Linh hot trong vic ti c cu mng li phn phi v k hoch m rng. - Li th v quy m kinh t trong phn phi.

im yu
cc hot ng logistic thu ngoi. sch bi cng ty cung cp 3PL. cho cc i th cnh tranh.

- Mt cch nhanh chng ti - Quyn kim sot t hn i vi - y mnh dch v phn phi - B gi mo giy t v b yu - Tit kim thi gian phc v - e da r r nng lc hot ng

C hi
- Tn dng tt hn ngun vn lun chuyn.

Thch thc
- C s h tng giao thng km

- Nhanh chng m rng doanh c th lm gim li nhun bin. nghip ch m khng cn u t - Thng mi in t l mt mi v c s h tng cng nh vn e da chnh ca 3PL chuyn. - Ti u ha chi ph bi qu trnh thc hin nhanh v hiu qu. - Tp trung vo cc nng lc ct li.

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PHN 3: M HNH TIU BIU TRN TH GII


I. S hp tc ca Ford motor v Penske logistics
1) Gii thiu Ford Motor

Ford l tp on t a quc gia ca M v l mt trong nhng nh sn xut t hng u th gii c tr s chnh c t ti Dearbon, bang Michigan, ngoi ca Metro Detroit, Hoa K. c sng lp bi Henry Ford, n nm 1903 Ford tr thnh tp on cng nghip t hng u th gii. n nay, hng s hu rt nhiu nhn mc xe hi ni ting th gii bao gm Lincoln, Mercury, Volvo ti Thy in. Ford cng nm mt phn ba s c phiu ca Mazda. ng th ba trong s nhng hng t bn chy nht th gii vo nm 2005, tp on ny cn l mt trong mi tp on c doanh thu cao nht. Nm 1999, Ford c nh gi l mt trong nhng nh sn xut t c mc sinh li ln nht th gii.

2) Gii thiu v Penske Logistic Company Penske l mt trong 5 cng ty ln nht trong mng logistics my mc thit b. c xp hng l mt trong 50 cng ty t nhn ln nht nc M, Pensken l cng ty chuyn cung cp dch v hu cn ln v thu li t cc dch v vn ti v kho bi vi 275 a im, 3000 chic xe v 15 triu feet vung kho bi phc v khch hng trn ton Bc M, Nam M, Chu u V Chu . Cng ty Penske c thnh lp bi Roger Penske vo ngy 01 thng 12 nm 1969, sau khi mua cho thu xe hi v xe ti nh v cho thu kinh doanh phc v ng Pennsylvania. Chng ti bt u ch vi ba a im, nhng, nm 1981, tng ln n 33 c s nhn vin ca 420 nhn vin v to ra doanh thu hng nm hn $ 40 triu.
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Trong nm 1982, chng ti tham gia vi cc b phn xe ti Hertz hnh thnh cho thu xe Hertz-Penske. Quan h i tc mua li Goldston trong nm 1983 v xe ti ca Leaseway Giao thng vn ti cho thu v cho thu kinh doanh trong nm 1986. Vi 102 a im v 2.300 cng ty lin kt, cng ty chng ti to ra doanh thu hng nm 200 triu USD. Trong nm 1988, chng ti mua c phn cn li ca Hertz ca cc lin doanh v thnh lp mt quan h i tc vi General Electric xp li cho thu xe ti ca Gelco GE vo Penske Cng ty cho thu xe ti, LP Hu cn kinh doanh m rng trn ton th gii Nm 1995, chng ti m rng kinh doanh hu cn ca chng ti vi vic mua li hon ton ca Leaseway Giao thng vn ti Corp Chng ti bt u hot ng hu cn chu u vo nm 1997 v delved su hn vo th trng ny vi vic mua nm 1998 ca Transportgroep van der Graaf. Cng trong nm 1998, chng ti thnh lp mt lin doanh vi Cotia Thng mi cung cp cc dch v hu cn Nam M. Chng ti c c phn li cn li Cotia Thng mi trong cng ty trong nm 2005, khi chng ti cng thnh lp mt lin doanh vi Victory Express cung cp cc dch v hu cn chu . Trong nm 2007, chng ti mua phn li cn li ca Victory Express trong cng ty. Mt th k mi S chuyn hng ca th k nhn thy chng ti pht trin hon ton vo vai tr ca chng ti nh l mt nh lnh o ngnh cng nghip ton cu. Chng ti mua Rentway Ltd ca Canada vo nm 2000 v Wilmington, Del.-Rollins cho thu xe ti trong nm 2001. Trong nm 2004, chng ti c c y dch v cho thu xe ti , cho thu , bo tr v hu cn hot ng ca AMI cho thu ti chnh t tn dng Ford Motor.
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u nm 2010, chng ti tip tc n lc m rng ca chng ti vi vic mua li Texas Bright cho thu xe ti v phn phi, cho thu y dch v xe ti t nhn, bo tr xe ti, cho thu v nh cung cp dch v hu cn. Vic mua li b sung thm khong 3.400 my ko, xe ti v xe ko hm i ca chng ti v cho thu xe ti quan trng, cho thu xe ti v hu cn khch hng. Hm nay, Penske xe ti hot ng cho thu hn 200.000 xe trn khp Bc M v chng ti s dng khong 18.000 cng ty lin kt trn ton th gii. Penske Logistics hot ng hn 275 a im v qun l c tnh 15 triu feet vung khng gian kho bi trn ton th gii. Cng vi nhau, doanh thu hng nm ca chng ti l khong $ 4 t USD.

Penske Logistics Reading, PA

Vince Hartnett, President 610-775-8285 www.penskelogistics.com Doanh thu 3PL: 3.2 t USD Tng doanh thu: 4.8 t USD bao ph: Bc M, Chu u, Brazil S hu 3PL: 9,125 nhn vin, 135 kho hng, 2,693 tractors, 5,033 trailers H thng thng tin: Rt tt; TMS LMS, i2, proprietary; WMS EXE, RT Systems, MARC, proprietary Lnh vc hot ng chnh: T ng, bn l, thc phm, thit b, hng cng nghip Khch hng chnh: DaimlerChrysler, Delphi Corp, Eaton, Ford, General Electric, General Motors, International Truck and Engine, Mission Foods, Pepsi, Samsung, Steelcase, Whirlpool Corp.
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3) S lin kt ca Ford Motor v Penske Logistic L nh cung cp dch v logistic cho cng ty Ford Motor, Penske lin kt cht ch vi Ford Motor sp xp cc hot ng, to ra v duy tr mt mt mng li Logistic ti a cho Ford. H cng nhau pht hin ra cch tit kim chi ph khi gim s thiu nht qun trong vic vn chuyn, loi b cc chi ph bo him khng cn thit v s lng hng tn kho. Ngoi ra Penske cn chu trch nhim v cc th tc logistic v dng cng ngh qun l logistic tin tin c th a mng li logistic ca Ford hon thin hn. Penske ban u ch l nh cung cp dch v Logistics cho nh my lp rp ca Ford Norfolk, Va. Vo thi im , Ford c 20 nh my v h u c nh cung cp Logistics cho ring mnh. y l mt cch phn quyn, trao cho cc nh my ton quyn kim sot cc hot ng Logistic ca mnh, nhng iu ny li gy nn s tn km trong vic x l v vn chuyn nguyn liu v thnh phm. Ford tin hnh nghin cu xc ch li ch ca vic chuyn hot ng Logistic phn cp sang tp trung. Cc quyt nh nhanh chng trong hot ng Logistic ca cng ty s lm tng tc v tnh minh bch trn ton b h thng cc nh my, cng nh lm gim chi ph chui cung ng.Ngay sau , Ford chn Penske l nh cung cp dch v Logistic tp trung cho 19 nh my lp rp v 7 nh my dp khun. Trc khi thc hin thng nht 1 nh cung cp Logistic,Ford khng th c ci nhn r rng v tnh trng ti chnh ca hot ng Logistic. Vi khong 1500 nh cung cp cng hn 20,000 chuyn hng mi tun, vic thanh ton vn chuyn l cc k phc tp. 4) Cng c hot ng Logistic Penske ngay lp tc pht trin mt chng trnh mi cho h thng Logistic ca Ford. Penske s cung cp tp trung cc hot ng Logistic cho tt thnh vin ca tp on Ford. Bng cch lm vic vi cc nh my v cc nh qun l, Penske thit lp mi
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lin kt cho cc hot ng hin ti v xut nhng gii php. Chng trnh Logistics s thnh lp trung tm Logisitcs Penske bao gm cc chc nng ct li sau: Ti a ha mng li: thc hin hiu qu hn chin lc nguyn liu u vo thng qua cc trung tm giao hng nhanh Qun l chi ph vn chuyn v bo him: qun l tt c cc i tc Logistic v gim chi ph bo him Tch hp h thng cng ngh thng tin: S dng cng ngh th hin r thi hn ca cc vn chui cung ng: vn chuyn, lch trnh, t hng. Qun tr ti chnh: ci thin kh nng thanh ton nhm gii quyt yu cu chi tr trong sut chui cung ng. Sau khi hon thin cc k hoch mi ny, i ng ca Ford v Penske tin hnh nh gi li mng li logistic v thy rng mng li logistics hin ti rt chng cho, khng c s hiu qu lm cho hng tn kho cao ko theo chi ph lu tr cc nh my cng tng ln. tp trung cc hot ng vn chuyn v phn phi, Penske thnh lp 10 trung tm giao hng (ODCs- Oder Dispatch Centers). Cc ODCs s l im trung gian cho cc nh cung cp giao hng.Nhng l hng ca cc nh cung cp khc nhau nhng cng chuyn v 1 nh my s c nhp vo cc ODCs. Sau hng c vn chuyn t cc ODCs v cc nh my. iu ny s gim bt s tin vn chuyn v bo him cho cc l hng. iu ny ph hp vi trit l ca Penske trong vic qun l chi ph bo him v vn ti: Ti a ha dch v vn chuyn v gim thiu chi ph vn chuyn. Vi cng ngh ng b v hin i, cc ODCs c th gim st cc l hng, xc nh nhng thiu st v x l chng trong thi gian sm. Hn na, vic tp trung 1 nh cp Logistic lm cho vic thanh ton chi ph Logistic r rng, minh bch hn. Penske pht trin mt h thng chng t vn chuyn vi nhng thng s r rng nh: gi tr, thi
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gian giao hng, lch trnh,gip Ford nm bt r rng vn lin quan n hot ng logistics ca mnh. Hin ti Penske ang tip tc gim thiu chi ph ng k cho Ford bng vic ci thin hot ng ca mnh. V bt kp vi yu cu ca cc nh my lp rp, Penske ng ca 6 ODCs do s thay i trong chin lc vn chuyn. Vi 4 ODCs hot ng ht cng sut, Penske mt ln na sp xp chin lc Logistic hiu qu cho Ford gim thiu chi ph.

II. S hp tc ca Whirpool v Penske logistics 1) Gii thiu cng ty Whirlpool Tp on Whirlpool l nh sn xut v marketing chuyn v thit b gia dng hng u hin nay. Tr s chnh t ti Cng Benton, Michigan, Whirlpool c nh my sn xut 13 nc v hin din trn 170 nc vi 11 tn thng hiu chnh ton cu. Nhng sn phm ca cng ty bao gm my git, my sy, my ra chn, l viba, my ht m, t lnh, my lnh Nhng thng hiu thnh cng ca Whirlpool c th k nh Whirlpool, KitchenAid, Roper, Estate v Speed Queen ( Canada). Mi thng hiu c nhn din theo mt nt ring, khc bit qua hnh nh v mc ch. Nm 1929, hai ngi sng lp Louis v Frederick Upton quyt nh s dng tn Whirlpool. T mt ca hng in my gia nh Lake Michigan, ci tn y pht trin tr thnh thng hiu dn u ton cu. Chin lc ca tp on Whirlpool vi mc tiu nh hnh v i u trong ngnh cng nghip thit b gia dng ton cu gt hi nhiu thnh cng v h ci thin mt cch nht qun cht lng tan b sn phm v dch v, ng thi cht lc li nhng hiu bit ca h v khch hng cng nh nhng iu khch hng mong mun
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thit b gia dng ca Whirlpool. Thnh cng ca Whirlpool l kt qu ca tin trnh hach nh v thc hin c chin lc nghim tc, tp trung v ton din.

2) S hp tc ca Whirlpool v Penske logistics Vn ca Whirlpool L nh cung cp dch v logistics cho cng ty Whirlpool , Penske hp tc vi Whirlpool v gip cho h gim chi ph qun l chui cung ng, gia tng th phn v nng cao li nhun. Vi hng tn kho khc nhau, cng vi mt lng ln lc lng bn hng trc tip ti hn 170 quc gia v mt doanh s bn hng chu k khng th on trc, hiu qu qun l chui cung ng l rt quan trng cho s tng trng ca cng ty. Whirlpool khng bao gi ngh rng s dng nh cung cp hu cn l mt li th cnh tranh. Tuy nhin, k t khi chn cng ty Penske l nh cung cp hu cn chnh ca n, Whirlpool tit kim chi ph mt cch tt nht, tng s hi lng ca khch hng v tm thy mt i tc gip tch hp vic mua li gn y ca Maytag. Qun l chui cung ng khng phi lc no cng l mt li th cnh tranh choWhirlpool Penske ban u hp tc vi Whirlpool l nh cung cp hu cn duy nht ca n Express cht lng mng. Penske chu trch nhim cho cc dch v hu cn ca ton b mng, bao gm c qun l mi quan h ca hai khu vc k hp ng ph vi Kenco. iu ny to nn quan h i tc Penske-Whirlpool thay th gii php hu cn trc y ca Whirlpool, bao gm hai nh cung cp hu cn ng nhim ca bn th ba. Whirlpool cng i tc tm ra gii php thc hin mc tiu hu cn u, ng ch nht, thit lp cc quy trnh v th tc c hiu qu, cho php hin th nhiu hn mng li phn phi ca cng ty v gim chi ph chui cung ng.
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Gn y, qun l ca Whirlpool xut phng php tip cn khch hng trung tm phn tch chui cung ng ca mnh v bt u im chun chui cung ng ca n vi cc cng ty khc xc nh "tt nht trong lp hc" thc hnh. Bi tp ny nhc nh Whirlpool t cu hi liu c mt nh cung cp hu cn duy nht l cu trc tt nht vt qu mong i ca khch hng v tit kim ti a chi ph. ng thi,Whirlpool chun b cho vic mua li Maytag v hiu qu cao hot ng ca Maytag. Sau khi hon thnh kin phn tch ca khch hng trung tm v chui cung cp ca n, Whirlpool bit i mi l cn thit duy tr mt li th cnh tranh. Sau khi xem xt cn thn, Whirlpool quyt nh iu chnh cu trc chui cung cp ca cng ty v gii thiu cc nh cung cp hu cn ca bn th ba (3PL) vo ha nhp. Bng cch ny, Whirlpool hy vng s tip tc gim chi ph chui cung ng. Tuy nhin, c rt nhiu cng ty 3PLs to ra s cn thit cho mt ngun ti nguyn khch quan gi tnh ng nht cho ngi tiu dng la chn v qun l cc cng ty 3PLs v phn tch cc chui cung ng tng th. Sau khi xem xt la chn ni b, Whirlpool nhn ra rng n thiu kh nng hoc ngun lc trong nh qun l cc mi quan h 3PL v thc hin cc quyt nh khng tng cng nhn vin m nhn vai tr ny. Quyt nh ny dn ti s cn thit l phi thu mt nh cung cp dch v hu cn (LLP). Gii php ca Penske Thng qua cc mi quan h LLP Penske / Whirlpool, Penske nhn trch nhim thc hin v qun l ca nh cung cp hu cn bn th ba 3PLs, v cung cp mt kh nng nng cao xem cc ch s hot ng quan trng ca mi nh cung cp tch hp vi ti chnh.
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Penske xy dng mt cng c nh tuyn mi, c bit cho Whirlpool c cung cp ti u ha chi ph tng th v la chn ch . Whirlpool tm kim LLP phi, Penske Logistics lin tc ni ln nh l nh lnh o trong cng ngh v k thut. Thm vo , sau nhiu nm lm vic cng nhau, kh nng ca Penske c nhng vo trong cc qu trnh v c cu ca Whirlpool. Mi quan tm chnh phi i mt vi Whirlpool trong quyt nh b nhim Penske l LLP ca n l Penske s phi duy tr mc tiu khi xem xt cc cng ty 3PLs. V c bn, Whirlpool c quan tm v vic liu Penske khch quan c th quyt nh hoc loi b t mt doanh nghip 3PL c quyn da trn cc yu cu kinh doanh v khng hin th bt k thin v no cho Penske 3PL. Penske thc s m nhn vai tr khng chnh thc ca LLP khi c nhu cu. Penske hon thnh cc l hng v thit k li mng ca Whirlpool thch ng vi cu trc 3PL mi nhiu. Bng cch chng minh kh nng ca mnh trc chnh thc c trao hp ng, Penske xy dng s tin tng ca qun l cp cao ca Whirlpool v thc hin cc qu trnh chuyn i d dng hn. Penske LLP trong hp tc ca Whirlpool v Penske "Penske Logistics cung cp cho chng ti vi cc cng ngh, nn tng v thc hin chng ta cn phi m bo cc dch v phn phi ng cp th gii tht, n l mt quan h i tc hp tc k t khi mt ngy." Steve Whalen, gim c cc hot ng chui cung ng, Tng cng ty Whirlpool Penske c trao gii thng kinh doanh. Ngay lp tc, Penske LLP bt u xy dng mt nn tng kinh doanh vng mnh duy tr s t tin vi Whirlpool rng n c th hot ng c lp. Penske LLP u tin c tch ra t Penske 3PL. iu ny p dng cho tt c cc kha cnh ca doanh nghip, bao gm c bo co ti chnh, h thng cng ngh, ngun nhn lc v v tr a l. S tch bit thnh cng l rt quan trng xy dng lng tin vi Whirlpool, Whirlpool chy cc nguy c kin tng t cc nh cung cp 3PL khc nu bt c bn no nghi ng quyn / c quyn c bit c trao cho Penske 3PL.
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Vic chuyn i u tin v ng ch nht hon thnh l tch cc bo co ti chnh v iu hnh, c thc hin ch trong 60 ngy. Trong qu trnh ny, Penske v Whirlpool quyt nh nhng thng tin c th c chia s v nhng g c gi b mt. Lm vic cng nhau, mt quy tc ng x v qu trnh k kt gia hai thc th c thnh lp. Penske LLP cng ti a ha ngun nhn lc bng cch khng thm bt k nhn vin b sung, thay vo , di chuyn cc cng s c nng lc trong t chc in vo vai tr cn thit. Penske b nhim ngi mt s qun l chung gim st cc chc nng quan trng, chng hn nh: H thng phn phi dch v bao gm h tr chin lc tm ngun cung ng v qun l hp ng, thanh ton nh cung cp dch v qun l, ci tin quy trnh kinh doanh, chnh sch, th tc v dch v khch hng ca tt c cc trung tm phn phi v qua cc bn cng. Giao thng vn ti dch v mng tp trung vo quy hoch v ti u ha ti l hng, ch la chn, u thu v gim st l hng, nh cung cp dch v hiu qu hot ng, nh cung cp dch v vn chuyn hng ha thanh ton, bng chng ca vic tun th giao hng, tuyn b mc gi nh cung cp dch v v tun th qun l v qun l ngn sch Ti chnh hp nht chu trch nhim v kim ton v xem xt cc ch s hot ng chnh (KPIs) ca tt c cc cng ty 3PLs. Chc nng ny tp trung trn RFP ti chnh phn tch, k hoch kinh doanh hng nm, vn chuyn v nh cung cp dch v kim ton ti chnh, bo co ti chnh v cng c tuyn b. Cng ngh v k thut-mt chc nng quan trng nh Penske LLP l lin kt cho php kh nng hin th Whirlpool cho tt c cc nh cung cp ca h. Chc nng ny bao gm thit k mng v m hnh giao thng vn ti, vn chuyn hng ha kho hng k thut / thit k, LLP v qun l nh cung cp dch v, cc LLP cng thng tin cc cng ty
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3PLs, web theo di kh nng hin th / chuyn, ngoi l / cnh bo gim st, kim ton, ha n vn chuyn hng ha v giao din h tr thanh ton, kinh doanh tnh bo v EDI. Nh LLP ca Whirlpool, Penske nhn trch nhim thc hin v qun l tt c cc cng ty 3PLs. Penske LLP tr thnh mt phn m rng ca Whirlpool, trong i ng nhn vin, mi doanh nghip v cuc hp ngn sch. T mt quan im ti chnh, Penske LLP cung cp Whirlpool vi kh nng nng cao xem cc ch s hot ng quan trng ca nh cung cp tch hp vi ti chnh.Bng im ny cung cp mt bc tranh r rng v hiu sut. Penske LLP pht trin mt qu trnh bo co hng thng cho Whirlpool xem xt mt mc cao LLP, RDC v scorecards nc km pht trin, cng nh bng im cho mi v tr ca nh cung cp. Penske LLP bt u tin hnh nh gi hng thng vi tt c cc nh cung cp v Whirlpool s dng Bng im lm c s xc nh thc hnh tt nht v cc khu vc ci thin. RDC s liu Bng im bao gm tnh chnh xc hng tn kho tnh chu k, thit hi nh l mt phn trm ca thng, ti v thi gian gi n v khi hnh v thi gian.Cc LDC s liu Bng im bao gm tng s n v mi im dng, dm mt dng li v % giao hng ng thi gian. Cng ngh cng l mt trnh iu khin quan trng trong s thnh cng ca mi quan h ny. Penske xy dng mt cng c nh tuyn mi c thit k c bit cho Whirlpool. Whirlpool hng li vi ti u ha chi ph tng th v la chn ch . n t hng t tt c cc cng ty 3PLs c gi n h thng trung tm, m cc ca hng tt c cc d liu vn chuyn cho tng khu vc mi ngy v xc nh gii php chi ph nht cho d l mt nh cung cp dch v xe ti, i tu chuyn dng, vv iu ny ti u ha cho php Whirlpool vn t tin rng hng ngy h ang nhn c cc gii php tt nht chi ph. Ci tin trong tng lai c pht trin. Khi nn tng I2 mi c thc hin, n s sp xp qu trnh hn na x l v thanh ton. Mt s nh cung cp ln hn c th di
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chuyn EDI. Trong khi cc nh cung cp khc c th truy cp vo mt qu trnh lien kt t hng, m l ng dng web bao gm mt chc nng t ng tr tin.

Penske LLP Scorecard ni bt Ch trong vng bn thng, Penske LLP c th: Tng On-Time Loading 13% Tng-Thi gian khi hnh 13% Tng Thi gian giao hng 12% LDC

III. S hp tc ca P&G v CEVA logistics

1) Gii thiu v P&G Ci tn P&G t lu khng cn l lm i vi nhiu ngi dn Vit Nam. Vi nhiu nhn hiu uy tn nh Head and Shoulders, Downy, Tide, Rejoice, Hugo Boss, Olay, v.v, P&G hin c coi l mt trong nhng cng ty hng u th gii trong lnh vc sn xut hng tiu dng v lun cam kt to ra mt mi trng lm vic a dng, hiu qu. P&G hay Procter & Gamble l mt tp on a quc gia ca Hoa K, c tr s t ti khu thng mi Cincinnati, bang Ohio. Hng nm, tp on ny cung cp cho th gii mt lng ln hng ha tiu dng.
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Nm 2011, P&G t doanh thu k lc $82,6 t la. Tp ch danh ting Fortune xp hng P&G v tr th 5 trong danh sch Nhng cng ty c ngng m nht th gii, tng mt bc so vi nm 2010.

2) Gii thiu v CEVA logistics Thnh lp vo thng 8 nm 2007 da vo vic st nhp 2 cng ty Logistic hng u th gii l TNT v EGL. Cng ty cung cp cc dch v logistics hng u th gii vi cc hot ng lin quan n vn ti, kho bi v ng gi. Cng ty c kinh nghim trong mt lot lnh vc nh: oto v lp xe, cng ngh cao, tiu dng bn l, cng nghip, xut bn, nng lng, hng khng v tr v chm sc sc khe. CEVA c hn 49,000 nhn vin vi mng li ton cu ti hn 170 quc gia, nm 2010 doanh thu t c l 6,8 t euro. 3) Mt s li ch ca vic s dng dch v 3PL i vi cc cng ty a quc gia ni chung v P&G ni ring :

Th nht ,Dch v 3PL em li nhiu gi tr gia tng cho khch hng v gi tr th hin rt r dch v thu ngoi. Nu DN u t vo xy kho v mua phng tin vn ti th chi ph u t c bn cao, m hiu sut khai thc c khi ch c 30 50%/ngy. Cha k vic u t vo cc phng tin ng di container, hay cc kho v tinh cc khu vc ln cn iu tit ngun hng m cng sut khai thc thp do mc tiu th cc vng ny c t l khng cao, dn n lng ph ngun lc v ngun vn. Th 2 , s dng dch v ca cc cng ty chuyn nghip v logistics s gip cng vic ca nh sn xut c tri chy, gim cc nt tc trong h thng vn hnh, c th khai thc cc ngun lc ca nh cung ng dch v logistics vi cc gii php linh hot.
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Th 3 , trong hot ng vn hnh chui cung ng c rt nhiu ri ro: an ton vn chuyn hng, an ton kho hng, mt mt hng ha trong kho, giao hng tr hn v nht l hin nay, tai nn giao thng lin tc xy ra i vi xe ti, xe container l vn nhc nhi ca x hi, v th nhng ri ro ny nu c xy ra th bn th ba l ngi trc tip gii quyt. Th 4 , quan nim ca mt s nh sn xut vn cho rng gia vic la chn t lm hay thu ngoi, th t lm chi ph s r hn. Tuy nhin, h cha tnh n hiu sut u t, chi ph v hnh t chuyn ri ro, uy tn thng hiu khi lm hi lng khch hng t vic vn hnh chui cung ng chuyn nghip, ng cam kt v cht lng hng ha (vn chuyn khng hng, mt mt) v thi gian (ng gi). l nhng gi tr gia tng khng th ong o c. Kt lun : c th ni 3PL mang li nhiu li ch thit thc v to ln , c bit l cho cc cng ty a quc gia v cc cng ty ln .

4) S hp tc ca P&G v CEVA ti CEVA c la chn tr thnh i tc vi P & G trong vai tr qun tr hu cn logistic nh kinh nghim phong ph trong cc lnh vc quc t hng ha tiu dng,c th ni y chnh l li th ca CEVA v th trng ny . C th ni P & G ang ngy cng m rng quan h i tc vi CEVA, bt u t nm 2005, CEVA s chu trch nhim iu hnh hu cn cho cc sn phm t ba nh kho ca P&G ti , CEVA s tip tc x l cc sn phm thnh phm v cc hot ng hp tc ng gi cho cc khch hng ti kho Pomezia gn Rome. Hn na CEVA c trch nhim x l cc sn phm chm sc 2 ni khc ca P&G ti l : Campochiaro, trn a bn tnh ca Campobasso, v trung tm Gattatico trong tnh Reggio Emilia. CEVA s qun l tng cng 27.000 m vung ca khng gian lu kho ca P&G . Vo ngy 26 thng T 2010 ti Milan, Italy - CEVA Logistics, nh cung cp dy chuyn qun l cng ty hng u th gii , k kt ba hp ng vi Procter & Gamble (P & G) l 1 cng ty a quc gia hng u trong ngnh nghin cu, sn xut v bn cc
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hng ha tiu dng, cht ty ra, m phm , nc hoa v dc phm.V nh vy . CEVA s x l cc hot ng kho hng y cho cc sn phm ca P & G.

5) S hp tc ca P&G v CEVA ti Dubai :

Tng t nh i vi dch v hu cn logistic ti , ti Dubai, UAE, vo ngy 01 thng T 2010 CEVA cng k 1 tha thun vi Procter & Gamble (P & G v cc dch v cung cp chui tch hp Dubai. CEVA s qun l cc hot ng thng quan hi quan cho hng ha P & G n vi ngi tiu dng , vn chuyn cc sn phm t cng nh nc n cc khu vc Nam Jebel Ali Free Zone, Dubai. Cc nh iu hnh hu cn CEVA s ph trch cc hot ng kho bi, cung cp dch v la chn v ng gi. CEVA s qun l vic phn phi ra bn ngoi ca sn phm ca P & G United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain v Yemen. Theo Al Rajwani, Ph Ch tch v Tng Gim c ca P & G ti bn o Rp v Pakistan, cho bit: "P & G v CEVA la chn i tc ny ti khu vc chin lc ca th gii v y l 1 s khi u mnh m ca chng ti cc pha ng chu u, Trung ng v Chu Phi (CEEMEA) . chng ti mun tn dng iu ny t c nhng thnh cng trong quan h i tc 1 tm cao khc : i tc hu cn mi s h tr chng ti trong vic qun l chui cung ng thng qua cc gii php hiu qu v thch hp, c thit k p ng nhng nhu cu c th ca chng ti ".

IV. STARBUCKS VT QUA KHNG HONG NH THAY I CHNH

SCH 3PL. a. STARBUCKS.

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Tr s chnh : Seattle, Washington, USA Tng thu nhp rng trong nm ti chnh 2009:US $9.7 t USD Nhn vin : 142,000 trn ton cu (thng 9 nm 2009) Sn Xut: 5 nh my sn xut ca cng ty (Nevada, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Washington, USA, and the Netherlands) 24 i tc sn xut ca cng ty (in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and Latin America) 1 Nh my ch bin tr (Portland, Oregon, USA) Phn phi: 9 Trung tm Phn Phi vng ( RDCs). 48 Trung tm phn phi (CDCs) 6 Kho c ph ht. b. VN GP PHI. Vi chi ph hot ng tng v doanh s bn hng suy gim, ngi cung cp c ph ton cu thc hin mt k hoch ba bc ci thin hiu sut chui cung ng, ct gim chi ph, v chun b cho tng lai. Phi mt mt chui cung ng ng m bo rng th pha c ph mt tch cph ca Starbucks. l bi v cuc hnh trnh t ht cho n tch tri qua rt nhiu giai on. C ph v hng ha khc phi c c ngun gc t khp ni trn th giiv sau chuyn thnh cng ca Tng cng ty Starbucks 16.700 ca hng bn l, phc v khong 50 triu khch hng ti 51 quc gia mi tun. Nhng trong nm 2008, Starbucks khng m bo c rng chui cung cp ca n p ng c mc tiu . Mt u mi rng mi th khng hon ton ng: chi ph hot ng ca cng ty tng mc
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d doanh s bn hng vn ng bng. T Thng 10 nm 2007 v thng 10 nm 2008, chng hn, chi ph cung cp chui Hoa K tng t 750 triu USD nhiu hn 825 triu USD. c. NGUYN NHN.

Gia tng qu nhanh tc pht trin : Bi v cng ty c m ca hng trn khp th gii vi mt tc

nhanh chng, cc t chc chui cung ng phi tp trung vo vic gi ln vi s m rng . "Chng ti pht trin qu nhanh m chng ti khng c thc hin mt cng vic tt, nhn c [chui cung ng] nguyn tc c bn ti ch, " ng Peter D. Gibbons, ph ch tch iu hnh cc hot ng chui cung ng ton cu. Kt qu l, ng ni, "Chi ph vn hnh chui cung cp cc hot ng chi ph tng rt nhanh" n. Di y l kim mt ci sot nhng chi ph kim nhn ticc tra v t c mt s cn ca bng gia chi ph l hiu qu,Starbucks s phi thay i ng k cho hot ng ca bc Gibbons v ng nghip ng v kt qu h t c. Qu tp trung vo m rng.

d. GII QUYT VN . Phn tch . Mt phn tch chi ph cho thy chi tiu qu nhiu cho vic thu ngoi; 65 n 70% ca chi ph hot ng chui cung ng ca Starbucks c gn lin vi tha thun thu ngoi cho giao thng vn ti, hu cn bn th ba, v sn xut hp ng. "Thu ngoi
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c s dng nhm cho php cc chui cung ng m rng nhanh chng theo kp vi m ca hng, nhng thu ngoi cng dn n lm pht chi ph ng k", Gibbons nhn nh. Cc hot ng tm ngun cung ng c nhm li thnh hai khu vc: c ph v mua sm "khng c ph".(Starbucks dnh US $ 600 triu trn c ph mi nm mua hng ca cc mt hng khc, nh sn phm sa, bnh nng, ni tht ca hng, v giy, tng s US $ 2,5 t hng nm..) Sn xut Tt c, cho d thc hin trong nh hoc bi cc nh sn xut hp ng , c giao cho cc n v chc nng "thc hin". V cui cng, tt c cc nhn vin lm vic trong giao thng vn ti, phn phi, v dch v khch hng c giao cho nhm "cung cp". Sau khi cc chui cung cp chc nng c t chc li cc phng ban khc nhau bin s ch ca h n mc tiu th hai ca vic chuyn i chui cung ng: gim chi ph v nng cao hiu qu. L mt phn ca n lc , nhm tm ngun cung ng lm vic vo vic xc nh cc qu trnh gy ra tng gi. "Chng ti hiu c nhng hp ng chng ti k kt, gi, chng ti tr tin, v chi ph vn chuyn, v chng ti bt u xem xt tng thnh phn ch khng phi ch l gi mua", Gibbons ni. "Chng ti xy dng hiu qu hn" nn chi ph "m hnh, bao gm cc thnh phn im chun v quy trnh, cho thy chng ta c th thng lng gi tt hn."

Gii php. To ra mt h thng hu cn ton cu duy nht l rt quan trng cho Starbucks bi v chui cung ng xa ca n. Cng ty mang n cho ht c ph t chu M La tinh, Chu Phi, v chu n Hoa K v Chu u trong container bin. T cc cng nhp cnh, "xanh" (cha rang) u trucked n su cc trang web lu tr, hoc ti mt nh my rang c ph ti khch sn hoc khu vc gn . Sau khi ht c ph c rang v ng gi,
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sn phm hon thnh c trucked trung tm phn phi khu vc, c khong t 200.000 n 300.000 feet vung trong kch thc. Starbucks chy nm trung tm phn phi khu vc (DC) ti Hoa K, hai cng ty s hu v ba c iu hnh bi cc cng ty hu cn bn th ba (3PL). N cng c hai trung tm phn phi chu u v hai chu , tt c u c qun l bi cc cng ty 3PLs. C ph, tuy nhin, ch l mt trong nhiu sn phm c t chc ti cc kho. H cng x l cc mt hng khc theo yu cu ca ca hng Starbucks-bn l tt c mi th t ni tht cappuccino hn hp. Ty thuc vo v tr ca h, cc ca hng c cung cp bi cc DCs ln trong khu vc hoc kho nh hn c gi l trung tm phn phi trung ng (CDCs). Starbucks s dng 33 CDCs nh vy ti Hoa K, by trong khu vc Chu / Thi Bnh Dng, nm Canada, v ba chu u, hin nay, tt c, nhng c iu hnh bi cc cng ty logistics ca bn th ba. CDCs thc hin sn phm sa, bnh nng, v cc mt hng giy nh ly v khn n. H kt hp c ph vi cc mt hng khc thc hin giao hng thng xuyn thng qua cc hm i xe ti chuyn dng ca Starbucks, ca hng bn l v ca hng bn l bn Starbucks, nhn hiu sn phm. Bi v chi ph giao hng v thc hin c an quyn vo nhau, Gibbons v nhm ca ng v vic ci thin c hai. Mt trong nhng bc u tin ca h l xy dng mt bn ton cu ca Starbucks giao thng vn ti chi ph khng c nhim v d dng, bi v n lin quan n thu thp tt c cc chi ph chui cung ng khu vc v ca khch hng, Gibbons ni. Mt phn tch v nhng chi ph cho php Starbucks quat lua tu sn bay vn ti ca mnh, ch gi li nhng ngi cung cp dch v tt nht. Nhm hu cn cng gp g vi cc cng ty 3PLs v xem xt nng sut v t l hp ng. h tr qu trnh xem xt, nhm nghin cu to ra cc th tnh im hng tun o nhng nh cung cp. "C cc s liu dch v rt r rng, s liu chi ph r rng, v cc s liu nng sut r rng, v nhng ngi c tho thun vi cc i tc ca chng ti", Gibbons ghi ch.
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Bng im nh gi ca hiu sut ca mt 3PL c da trn mt h thng rt n gin, bng cch s dng ch c hai s 0 v 1. V d, nu mt nh cung cp hot ng mt nh kho hoc DC chn mt sn phm mt cch chnh xc, n kim c mt "1" cho hot ng . Nu mt l hng mt tch, ngay c mt pallet, 3PL nhn c mt im s "0." L mt phn ca sng kin Bng im, Starbucks cng bt u lm dch v d liu ca ca hng, ng giao hng, v n v lu gi chng khon (M hng) c sn cho cc i tc trong chui cung ng ca mnh. "Bng im v nhp iu hng tun (i vi nh gi ca scorecard) m bo minh bch trong vic lm th no chng ti c ci thin c s chi ph trong khi vn duy tr tp trung vo tm kim sau khi ngi ca chng ti v phc v khch hng ca chng ti", Gibbons ni. Mc d Starbucks c mt lot cc s liu nh gi hiu qu chui cung ng, tp trung vo bn loi cao cp to ra tnh thng nht v cn bng gia cc nhm nghin cu chui cung cp ton cu: an ton trong hot ng, dch v o bng thi gian giao hng v in t l, tng s end-to-end chi ph chui cung ng v tit kim doanh nghip. Cui cng ny cp n tit kim chi ph n t khu vc bn ngoi hu cn, chng hn nh mua sm, tip th, nghin cu v pht trin.

e. KT QU THC HIN. K t khi Starbucks bt u n lc chuyn i chui cung ng ca n, n ct gim chi ph m khng nh hng n cung cp dch v trn ton th gii. "L mt cng ty", Gibbons ni, "chng ti ni cng khai trn $ 500 triu tin tit kim trong hai nm qua, v chui cung ng l mt ng gp quan trng ." Trong mt Gibbons, cc n lc chuyn i l mt thnh cng. "Ngy nay c rt tin tng vo chui cung cp ca chng ti thc hin mi ngy, lm cho 70.000 giao hng mt tun, c c sn phm mi ra th trng, v qun l cc qu trnh
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chuyn i sn phm, gii thiu sn phm mi, v cc chng trnh khuyn mi," ng ni. "ti rt tin tng rng chng ta hin nay ang tp trung vo dch v v cht lng cung cp nhng g cc ca hng ca chng ti cn v nhng g cc khch hng doanh nghip ca chng ti cn."

PHN 4: THC TRNG V LOGISTICS NI CHUNG & 3PL NI RING TI VIT NAM

I. Tnh hnh logistics Vit Nam 1. Thc trng Chui cung ng theo chn cc nh u t nc ngoi vo Vit Nam trong qu trnh hi nhp. Thi gian gn y, Logisctic v SCM Vit nam c s pht trin c v s lng v cht lng ng c ghi nhn. Theo Hip hi giao nhn kho vn Vit Nam (VIFFAS) c khong hn 1200 doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc logistics v con s ny vn ang tng ln. Xt v mc pht trin c th chia logistics Vit Nam thnh cc cp sau :
Cp 1 : Cc i l giao nhn vn ti truyn thng cc i l giao nhn ch thun

tu cung cp cc dch v do khch hng yu cu . Cc dch v thng thng l : vn chuyn hng ho bng ng b.
Cp 2 : Cc i l giao nhn ng vai tr l ngi gom hng v cp vn n nh

( Freight forwarding) . Nguyn tc hot ng ca cc doanh nghip cp ny l phi c i l ti cc cng ln thc hi vic ng rt hng xut nhp khu . Hin nay c khong 10% cc t hc giao nhn ti Vit Nam c kh nng cung cp dch v gom hng ti CFS ca chnh h hoc i thu ca nh thu. Nhng ngi
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ny s dng HBL nh vn n ca hng tu song ch c mt s t mua bo him trch nhim giao nhn vn ti .
Cp 3 : i l giao nhn ng vai tr l nh vn ti a phng thc ( Multimodal

Transport Orgnization). Vi vai tr ny, mt s cng ty phi hp vi cng ty nc ngoi ti cc cng d hng bng hp ng ph t ng thu xp vn ti hng ho ti im cui cng theo vn n. Tnh n nay c hn 50% cc i l giao nhn ti Vitnam hot ng nh MTO vi mng li i l m rng trn khp th gii.
Cp 4 : i l giao nhn l cc nh cung cp dch v Logistics v Chui cung ng.

y l kt qu tt yu ca qu trnh hi nhp. Mt s tp on ni ting trong lnh vc Logistics v SC trn th gii t i din Vitnam nh APL Logistics, Maersk Logistics, NYK Logistics, Kuehn & Nagel, Schenker, Expeditor , UTI, UPSti Vit Nam cng hnh thnh nn mt s lin doanh hot ng trong lnh vc ny nh : First Logisctics Co, Bin ng Logistics... Ngy cng nhiu doanh nghip i tn l Logistics song hot ng li cha p ng c yu cu ca Logistics. Qua nghin cu nhn thy phn ln cc doanh ngip kinh doanh dch v Logistics ti Vit Nam cn manh mn , tn mn , nh l, hot ng chia ct ch p ng c mt s cng on trong logistics (ch yu cp 2). Mt vi cng ty nh nc tng i ln nh Viconship, Vintrans, Vietrans.. song vn cha nng lc tham gia vo hot ng Logistics ton cu (cc cng ty ny ch yu lm agent cho cc cng ty vn ti v Logistics nc ngoi). Theo Vin Nghin Cu Logistics Nht Bn, Cc doanh nghip Logistic Vit nam ch p ng c 25% nhu cu th trng ca Logistics trong nc. Gi c dch v Logistics ti Vit Nam so vi mt s nc trong khu vc l tng i r song cht lng dch v cha cao v cha bn vng. Theo nh gi ca VIFFAS trnh cng ngh ca Logistics ti Vit Nam cn yu km so vi th gii v cc nc trong khu vc. C th l trong cng ngh vn ti a phng thc vn cha kt hp c mt cch hiu qu cc phng tin vn chuyn, cha t chc tt cc im chuyn ti, trnh c
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gii ho trong bc xp cn km, trnh lao ng thp, c s h tng thiu v yu, cng ngh thng tin lc hu xa so vi yu cu ca logistics. Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cn nh yu song tnh lin kt to ra sc mnh cnh tranh li cn rt km. Nhn thc ca cc doanh nhn hot ng trong lnh vc ny thng dng mc kinh nghim bn thn , hiu bit v lut php quc t, ti chnh , chuyn nghnh cn thp dn n t l b pht hp ng cn cao , lng ph trong ti chnh v hot ng khai thc. Hn na cc cng ty Logistics Vit nam ch yu l lm thu cho cc tp on Logistics trn th gii, nn ngun thu ch yu chy vo ti ca cc tp on ny. 2. Nguyn nhn su xa ca thc trng Phn ln cc doanh nghip Vit Nam sinh sau mun so vi rt nhiu doanh nghip nc ngoi ang hot ng ti Vit Nam Tm ph ca cc doanh nghip Vit nam cn rt hp (ni a hoc mt vi nc ln cn) Doanh nghip Vit nam mi ch p ng khai thc c mt vi mng nh trong ton b chui cung ng ch yu l giao nhn trong khi cc doanh nghip nc ngoi li cung cp mt chui cc dch v trn gi vi gi tr gia tng ca Trong quan h thng mi quc t, phn ln cc nh xut khu ca Vit Nam ch yu l xut theo iu kin FOB, theo hnh thc gia cng l ch yu. Cn nhp khu, chng ta lun c tn trong nhng nc nhp siu ln nht th gii song ming bnh logistics vn ang nm trong tay ccdoanh nghip logistics nc ngoi. H tng c s vt cht logistics v SC cn ngho nn, quy m nh, b tr bt hp l. H thng c s h tng giao thng cu Vit nam bao gm trn 17.000 km ng nha, 3.200 km ng st, 42.00 km ng thu, 20 cng bin v 20 sn bay. Tuy nhin cht lng ca h thng ny khng ng u, phn b khng hp l, nhiu ch cha m bo c k thut . Cc cng bin cn nng ch tip nhn c tu c trng ti nh, ang trong qua trnh container ha, cha c quy hoch
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di hn. i vi cc cng hng khng vn cha c ga hng ho, khu vc gom hng v lm cc dch v logistics khc... Nhn lc. C th ni mt cch chnh xc l hin nay ngun nhn lc chuyn nghip cho ngnh logistics ang thiu trm trng c v cht ln v lng. Hin nay hu ht nhn s trong ngnh logistics c chuyn t cc cng ty vn ti bin v giao nhn sang , c s dng theo kiu bit u lm . S o to chnh quy t cc trng i hc cng nh cc kho o to nghip v cha y v ph bin. Kin thc o to i sau th gii kh xa. Nhn vin trong ngnh logistics hin nay cn yu v trnh ngoi ng, tin hc cng cc k nng ngh nghip. H tng v c s thng tin . Mc d cc doanh nghip Vit nam trong nhng nm gn y c nhng c gng a cng ngh thng tin vo hot ng song so vi cc cc cng ty ln trong ngnh th cng ngh thng tin cn c khong cch qu xa v cc tin ch m khch hng mong mun. ci thin c iu ny i hi c gii php u t tng th, chi tit , di hn. Tnh lin kt : Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam thiu hn s lin kt cn thit. Trong xu hong thu ngoi, outshorting nh hin nay mi doanh ngip cn pht huy th mnh ca mnh v s thu ngoi c dch v m mnh cn yu to thnh Onestop shop cho khch hng. Vai tr ca nh nc : Vai tr nh hng v h tr ca nh nc l cc k quan trng . Hin nay vai tr ca Nh nc trong ngnh logistics v SCM cn cha r nt, ri II. Thc trng thu ngoi dch v 3PL Vit Nam c khong 1.200 doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v logistics. Tuy nhin, trong mng lin kt cc dch v logistics m bo thng tin hng ho t im u n im cui (dch v 3PL) th ch khong 10 15% s doanh nghip c kh nng khai thc, trong bao gm c nhng nh cung cp quc t nh Maersk, NYK, APL, Linfox, Toll Chnh v th, vic khai thc dch v 3PL ti Vit Nam hin do nc ngoi c din, vi 95% th phn.
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Trong quy hoch pht trin vn ti bin t nay ti nm 2020 c Chnh ph ph duyt, dch v logistics cng c nhn mnh vi dch v vn ti a phng tin cht lng cao, hng ti dch v trn gi (3PL, 4PL) v m rng ra nc ngoi p ng nhu cu hi nhp. Vit Nam tim nng pht trin dch v logistics cn rt ln. D tnh trong 10 nm ti, kim ngch xut khu s t 200 t USD. Nm 2010, sn lng vn ti c nc t 714,8 triu tn hng ha, 223,8 t tn/km (tng 12,4% v tn vn chuyn v 10,5% tn/km). Lng hng container thng qua cng bin tng 16,9%, hng lng tng 24%, hng qu cnh tng 6%, vn ti hng khng tng 20% v hnh khch v 30% v hng ha so vi nm 2009. Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam s c nhiu li th hn cc doanh nghip nc ngoi trc nhng c hi nu trn. Th nht, v h thng kho bi, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam hin nay ang s hu phn ln h thng kho bi phc v trong ngnh logistics (cc doanh nghip nc ngoi a phn khi thc hin chui cung ng u phi thu kho hoc nu c th phi lin kt, lin doanh vi cc doanh nghip trong nc). Th hai, cc doanh nghip trong nc l nhng ngi s nhanh nhy, nm vng c th trng, tm l khch hng, v tr a l, thi tit, vn ha ca ngi bn a hn cc doanh nghip nc ngoi. Th ba, v nhn s, lao ng Vit Nam thng minh, nhanh nhy nn d dng nm bt cc quy trnh, cng ngh tin tin ca nc ngoi. Thm ch, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam c th thu cc chuyn gia l ngi nc ngoi lm vic cho mnh. 4. Thch thc v c hi Tuy pht trin dch v 3PL trong nhng nm gn y, nhng i b phn cc doanh nghip trong nc cn c nhiu khong cch v uy tn trn thng trng, tay ngh, v c bit, h thng cng ngh thng tin, dch v khch hng cn yu km. Nhiu gi thu lt vo tay cc cng ty nc ngoi vi mt l do n gin: h c c h thng mng li ton cu gip kim sot hiu qu dng chy logistics ton cu, v c bit l uy tn kh lu i vi khch hng. Tuy vy, chic bnh 3PL ngy cng ln ln
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cng vi pht trin kinh t t nc, cc d n u t FDI, ODA. Nhng ngi lm dch v 3PL trong nc am hiu tng con ng, tng cy cu, tng iu khon lut v l ti Vit Nam, v thnh cng nh Vietranstimex, Vinatrans, Sotrans, Vietfracht,Gemadept, Tranaco T sau nm 2005, cc cng ty dch v giao nhn vn ti, logistics pht trin kh mnh m. Tuy vy, a phn cc cng ty mi ra i u c quy m nh l, tay ngh non yu, thiu mng li v thit b p ng chun, v do vy dn n lm n manh mn, khng c chin lc pht trin di hn. C nhiu kin cho rng, nhng nh cung cp dch v logistics 3PL trong nc ang thua ngay trn sn nh(?). t kh khn khc: Cc doanh nghip khch hng trong nc l nhng nh sn xut, kinh doanh thng mi, XNK cha tin dng i ng dch v logistics 3PL, con s thu ngoi mt phn hoc mt cng on n gin nh vn ti, kho, ng gi, bc d ch mc 30%.

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III. ngh cho cc doanh nghip 3PL ti Vit Nam

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PHN 5: V D TIU BIU V 3PL TI VIT NAM


I. V d s dng 3Pl ti Vit Nam - Ducth Lady
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1. Gii thiu cng ty Ducth Lady


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FrieslandCampina Vit Nam l cng ty lin doanh c thnh lp t nm 1995 ti Vit Nam gia cng ty Xut nhp khu tnh Bnh Dng (Protrade) v Royal FrieslandCampina tp on sa hng u ti H Lan vi 135 nm kinh nghim hot ng trn ton th gii. Vi cam kt gp phn ci thin i sng cho ngi dn Vit Nam, trong 15 nm qua, FrieslandCampina Vit Nam v ang ng gp tch cc vo s pht trin bn vng ca Vit Nam.

Tm nhn: Ci thin cuc sng S mnh: - Pht trin v kinh doanh cc sn phm sa c cht lng cao, giu dinh dng, ng tin cy - Gp phn xy dng mt cuc sng khoe mnh y sc sng.
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Cc dng sn phm ca Dutch Lady


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1. Dutch Lady a. Sa tit trng ( c ng, khng ng, v du, v chocolate, v tr xanh) b. Sa ti 100% ( c ng, khng ng) c. Sa bt nguyn kem d. Sa c C gi H Lan ( cao cp, hng ngy) 2. Dutch Lady 123, 456 a. C Gi H Lan Step 1 - (Sa cho tr di 6 thng tui) - Cng thc tin tin hc hi hiu qu b. C Gi H Lan Step 2 - (Sa cho tr trn 6 thng tui) - Cng thc tin tin hc hi hiu qu c. C Gi H Lan 123 - (Sa cho tr trn 12 thng tui) - Cng thc tin tin hc hi hiu qu d. C Gi H Lan 456 - (Sa cho tr trn 36 thng tui) - Cng thc tin tin hc hi hiu qu 3. Dutch Lady Gold a. Dutch Lady Gold Step 1 b. Dutch Lady Gold Step 2 c. Dutch Lady Gold 123 d. Dutch Lady Gold 456 4. Friso a. Friso (hp thu) (Friso 1, 2, 3, 4) b. Friso Gold (tng cng min dch) ( 1, 2, 3, 4) c. Frisolac Premature d. Frisolac Comfort e. Frisolac Soy f. Friso Gold Mum 5. Yomost a. YOMOST "Thc ung dnh cho tui teen" 6. Fristi
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a. FRISTI Tr thnh siu nhn vi Fristi ( c ng, v du, v chocolate) b. FRISTI FRUITY Cng l dng s ( v xoi, du, nho) 7. Completa a. Hon ho Cho Ly C Ph Thm Ngon 8. Longevity a. TRNG SINH "Cho mi nhu cu s dng.

2. Nguyn nhn ca vic thu ngoi


Mng li phn phi l mt mc xch v cng quan trng trong chin lc kinh doanh ca Dutch Lady Vit Nam. H l ngi thu hp khong cch gia nh sn xut v khch hng, mang sn phm n tn tay ngi tiu dng c nc. Ti Vit nam, hng nm, cng ty cung cp 1,5 t sut sa cc loi thng qua h thng hn 150 nh phn phi v 100.000 im bn l v cc siu th i l cho n cc tim tp ha. Nm 2000, Ducth Lady trin khai mng li phn phi rng khp c nc. Vic qun l mt mng li phn phi rng l rt kh khn v phi lm sao to c s ng b cho tt c cc trung tm phn phi. Cng thm danh mc sn phm a dng khin cho Ducth Lady gp phi nhng tr ngi, c bit l phn phi khu vc pha Bc.

Cn nhc gia chi ph b ra t u t cho vic xy dng kho bi khu vc pha


Bc v vic thu ngoi dch v kho vn, cng ty quyt nh thu dch v logistic ca Vinafco.

3. Gii thiu cng ty Vinafco


Cng ty c phn VINAFCO.c thnh lp ngy 15/11/1990 vi nhim v: lm i l vn ti, lin hip vn chuyn hng ho t kho n kho, t chc cung ng vt t k thut cho cc t chc kinh t trong v ngoi ngnh giao thng vn ti.
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Vi phng chm S hi lng ca khch hng v cht lng dch v l mc tiu phn u ca Cng ty , VINAFCO LOGISTICS c khch hng nh gi rt cao v cht lng dch v.. Dch v: + Khai thu hi quan hng ha XNK + Vn ti Quc t + Vn ti a phng thc bao gm xp d/ ng gi/ cho thu kho & qun l hng, phn phi. + T vn thu XNK, th tc hi quan, thu xp bo him + XNK u thc + Qun l hng cm c ca Ngn hng vi t cch l bn th ba & l nh cung cp dch v Logistics tin cy. VINAFCO logistics ang thc hin quan l kho hng bng phn mm theo m hnh qun l tin tin ( Warehouse management system-WMS), gip khch hng cc thng tin lin quan n hot ng ca hng ho, tnh ton t l d tr, ti u ho cng c qun l kho thng qua h thng bo co c cp nht thng xuyn v y . VINAFCO logistics thc hin qun l xut nhp hng ho bng phn mm qun l kho chuyn nghip, lp cc bo co xut nhp tn v hng ho theo yu cu qun l ca khch hng.

Dch v 3PL ca Vinafco Vinafco p dng v tr thnh cng ty u tin ti Vit Nam thc hin m hnh phn phi hng ha 3PL ( Third Party Logistics ) phn phi hng ha trn gi t khu bo
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quan, lu gi hng ha, n khu vn chuyn, giao nhn tn ni khch hng yu cu bng cc hnh thc vn chuyn nh t, vn chuyn bng xe my c khch hng sn ICI nh gi cao. Trong thi k Vit Nam hi nhp v m ca, dch v logistics lun lun c xu th bin ng v khng ngng c ci tin cht lng dch v nhm tm ra cc gii php ti u nht vi phng chm h gi thnh dch v nhng vn lun m bo cht lng dch v . VINAFCO LOGISTICS khng ngng tm ti cc gii php nhm hng ti vic hon thin tt c cc quy trnh, cng on trong vic cung ng dch v logistics cho khch hng v nh vy VINAFCO LOGISTICS , ang hng ti mt quy trnh l giao hng t kho ( distribution centre/warehouse/depot ) n cc nh phn phi ( Shops/agents/distributors...) vi phng chm Lin tc nghin cu ci tin quy trnh nhm rt ngn thi gian giao hng v m bo vic giao hng ng gi , an ton hng ho .

Hin nay VINAFCO LOGISTICS p dng cho m hnh 3PL (Third Party Logistics) trn gi c thc hin theo quy trnh cc bc nh sau: 1. Tip nhn yu cu khch hng qua h thng in thoi/Email/Faxcng vic c thc hin bi cc nhn vin C/s ( Customer Service Agents) chuyn nghip . Sau khi tip nhn cc n hng ca khch hng yu cu (sales order), nhn vin C/s tin hnh x l n hng trn h thng phn mm qun l chuyn nghip 2. (BPCS, WMS). 3. a. Chuyn n gom hng (picking list) cho b phn kho v b phn vn ti. B phn kho nhn lnh gom hng s tin hnh gom hng v xc nhn tnh trng thc t chc chn ca n hng c th c giao hay khng , bo co li cho b phn C/s tin hnh in ho n.
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b.

B phn vn ti nhn lnh gom hng v tin hnh cc hot ng iu phi vn ti/ sp xp phng tin cho vic vn chuyn hng ho.

4.

Sau khi nhn c xc nhn t kho, b phn dch v khch hng s in ho n v chuyn xung kho lm th tc xut hng ra khi kho.

5. a. b. c.

Tu theo phng thc giao hng : Khch hng t n ly ( Self Pick Up) Giao hng ra cc bn xe trung chuyn ( Bus station) Giao hng n cc i l hoc trc tip ti ngi tiu dng.

H thng kho bi ca Vinafco

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4. Quy trnh giao hng ca Vinafco


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C th thy rng vic x l cc n hng c th giao hng n cc i l /nh phn phi l cng vic cc k phc tp, tri qua nhiu cng on, vi s phi hp nhun nhuyn, ng b ca nhiu ngi, nhiu b phn trnh tnh trng giao hng chm v thiu chnh xc cho khch hng, VINAFCO LOGISTICS nhn nhn ra trc c tng cng on quan trng d xy ra v ch ng ci tin cc quy trnh thc hin. ng thi cc mt xch trong cng on ny c tnh ton v hoch nh tng thi lng chnh xc, mi cng on u c gn lin vi tng chc danh cng vic c th. tit kim ti a thi gian hot ng vn chuyn v giao nhn hng ho, trnh gi cao im cm t, cc tuyn ng cm , VINAFCO LOGISTICS t chc linh hot m hnh phng tin vn chuyn kt hp c t ti v vn chuyn bng xe my.

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Quy trnh giao hng t kho phn phi n cc i l nh s 2:

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5. Kt qu ca vic thu ngoi


Vic thu ngoi dch v kho bi gip Ducth Lady - Hon thin knh phn phi, m bo s thng nht cht ch gia cc kho bi. - Gim chi ph
-

n gin hn trong vic qun l knh phn phi.

PHN 6 : ANH GIA ONG GOP CUA CAC THANH VIN


THNH VIN L C ANH (C) NGUYN MNG THY NHI NGUYN TH THY AN NGUYN TH KIU TRANG ON L MINH LM DNG HNG NHUNG NGUYN BI THNG PHM TH KIU NHUNG NH GI XP LOI A A A A A A A A

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