CNG NGH SN XUT GIY Chng1:Khai nim xeo giy

I. Khi nim xeo giy

Xeo giy l qu trnh lm ra t giy t huyn ph bt long thng qua cc cng on: to hnh, thot nc, p, sy kh.

II. S nguyn l chung v cc loi my xeo giy 1- S nguyn l chung ca my xeo giy
Thng u Li p Sy Cun Cng on to hnh t giy trn li my xeo: c thc hin ti phn u ca my xeo, khi bt c phn b u trong thng u v c phun ln li xeo hnh thnh t giy t. Trong cng on ny dng bt long c phun ln mt li, mt phn nc trong dng bt c thot i qua li v t giy t c hnh thnh. Qu trnh thot nc c thc hin trn b phn li, l qu trnh thot nc t nhin do tc dng ca trng lc v thot nc cng bc do tc dng ca cc hm ht chn khng c lp t trn b phn li, nhm mc ch lm kh dn bng giy t mi c hnh thnh. Cng on p: c thc hin ti b phn p, l cng on dng lc p c hc loi nc trong bng giy m cng nhiu cng tt, nhm lm tng kh ca bng giy, gip cho cng on sy sau s tn hi sy (gim tiu hao nhit nng, tc l gim c chi ph sn xut). (Bin php tng kh ca giy bng phng php p th kinh t hn nhiu so vi phng php sy v ngi ta tnh ton c rng nng lng tiu tn cho sy ln gp 5 ln so vi nng lng tiu tn cho p khi loi b cng mt n v nc). Cng on sy: c thc hin ti b phn sy ca my xeo, l cng on lm boc hi gn nh ton b lng nc cn li trong bng giy bng cch dng kh nng thi trn b mt giy hoc cho bng giy p st vo b mt l sy (bn trong lo say c hi nng). Kt qu l nh nhit cao ca be mat lo say nc trong giy s boc hi v bng giy c lm kh. PX Xeo V sinh, tt c cc my xeo u sy giy bng phng php sy tip xc: bng giy p st vo b mt l sy Yankee bn trong c hi nng, trong qu trnh bng giy s c lm kh. 2- Cc loi my xeo giy: Da vo hnh dng ca li xeo, ngi ta chia thnh my xeo li trn (my xeo trn) v my xeo li di (my xeo di) Li trn l tm li cun quanh mt l hnh tr Li di l tm li vng lin chy quanh cc trc dn li

Chng2: Quy trinh cng ngh san xut giy

S cng ngh
B trn B may Thung iu tit Bm pha loang Loc ly tm Sang ap lc Thung u Li p Sy Cn lng Cun Thnh phm A. Chun bi bt cho may xeo I/. Pha loang va sang loc bt e chat lng san pham at theo yeu cau, va tranh h hai cho cac thiet b phan li, ep. Cho nen bot trc khi bm vo hm bt (thng u) ca my xeo, bt phi c tin hnh pha long v sng chn nhm loi tr ln cui ct sn , cc chm b si, trc khi bt ln li hnh thnh t giy. Cc tp cht ny c mt trong bt do xut pht t nc sn xut, t cc im cho ph gia v t ng ng dn bt. 1. Pha long bt giy: Bt sau nghin c nng khong 3 5%, bt ny c pha long v nng 0,6 0,9% (giy carton) 0,15 0,25% (giay tissue). Nham tao thuan li cho viec sang loc bot de dang, tao hnh t giay ep hn. Qu trnh pha long bt c s dng bng nc trng (nc tun hon) hay cn gi l nc di hm li sinh ra trong qu trnh xeo giy. 2. Sng chn bt:

Nhiem vu cua loc, sang bot: Trong qua trnh x ly, bot van co the cha nhng tap chat phi cenlullose nh cat, san, kim loai hoac cac chum bot tho, manh bang keo, nilong, cac tap chat nay can c loai bo trc khi len may giay
2.1. Loc cat: Nhiem vu: Loai bo cac tap chat co ty trong ln hn bot nh cat san, manh kim loai. Nguyen ly lam viec: Bot t be my c bm pha loang cap vao he thong loc cat theo phng tiep tuyen vi thanh loc, chuyen ong xoay loc. Cac tap chat nh cat, san, a. Se chu lc li tam ln vang vao thanh loc ri xuong di va b tong ra ngoai theo ng bot thai. Bot tot nh s chuyen ong xoay ay len tren theo ong ra ngoai en tuyen bot hp cach. e tang hieu qua lam sach va giam ton that bot, ngi ta chia he thong loc thanh nhieu cap: Bot tot cap 1 i thang en thiet b phan ke tiep, bot xau c a en x ly loc cap 2, bot hp cach cua loc cap 2 a en au vao cua cap 1, tng t cap 3 cung vay. Cac yeu to anh hng en ket qua loc: - Ap lc cap vao va ap lc au ra(o chenh ap) - Nong o bot vao: Nng bt vo thap th hieu qua loc cao va ngc lai. -Muon loc lam viec tot cac yeu to tren phai on nh 2.2. Sang tron:

Nhiem v: Loai bo nhng vat the nhe co kch thc ln nh cac manh nha, bang keo, nilong, cac manh bot kho Nguyen ly lam viec: bot c cap vao sang theo phng tiep tuyen. Di tac dung cua canh khuay bot b ep vao li sang, bot tot mn chui qua li, cac tap chat va bot kho co kch thc ln hn khe hoac lo li b gi lai va ay ra ngoai . Cac yeu to anh hng n kt qu sng: nong o va ap suat. Kch thc lo sang B. S DNG CC CHT PH GIA Cac cht phu gia la nhng hoa cht c cho vao bt giy trc khi xeo nhm muc ich truyn cho giy nhng tinh cht cn thit theo yu cu s dung cua tng loai giy. Do o chung c chia ra thanh cac nhom khac nhau theo cac cng dung cua chung.

I/. HA CHT S DNG TRONG QU TRNH XEO GIY TISSUE 1. CHT PHN TN R-200: Mc ch s dng: - C tc dng nh cht ph gia tr to hnh cho t giy. - To cho giy c b mt mn mng, tng xp cho giy. Mc dng: 1.2 kg/tn giy bn thnh phm. im cho ha cht: Sau sang ap lc,thung cao vi 2. CHT LM MM Mc ch s dng: - C tc dng lm mm giy. - Gim tnh trng giy dnh trn l sy. Mc dng: 2.0 kg/tn giy bn thnh phm. im cho ha cht: Thng ieu tiet, hoc b trn 3 . CHT BN T (NeoX-VN170) Mc ch s dng: - C tc dng lm tng bn kh, bn t ca t giy. - Chng bc si trn b mt giy. Mc dng: 1.2 kg/tn giy bn thnh phm. im cho ha cht: Be tron,(may 10 thung iu tit) 4. CHT TCH L (DAVI-100) Mc ch s dng: - C tc dng chng dnh giy trn b mt l sy. - Lm cho giy c bng. - Lm mm giy.

Mc dng: 1.2 kg/tn giy bn thnh phm. im cho ha cht: B trn 5. CHT TNG TRNG (OBA Hunh quang) Mc ch s dng: Lm tng trng quang hc ca bt. Mc dng: 1.2 - 3 kg/tn giy bn thnh phm. im cho ha cht: B trn 6. CHT MU VIOLET Mc ch s dng: iu chnh nh mu bt. Mc dng: Theo mu im cho ha cht: B trn II. HA CHT S DNG TRONG QU TRNH XEO GIY CARTON 1. PHN {Al2(SO4)3} Mc ch s dng: - iu chnh PH dung dch bt - To lin kt gia nha thng v s si. Khi gia keo chng thm mi trng acid Mc dng: im cho: B trn, trc bm pha long 2. XT (NaOH) Mc ch s dng: iu chnh PH dung dch bt -To mi trng kim tnh khi gia keo AKD III. GIA KEO V CC CHT PH GIA
t giy nng cao c cc tnh nng a dng, trong qu trnh sn xut giy, ngi ta cho vo mt s cht ph gia. Ti nh my giy M Xun, trong qu trnh sn xut ba carton cng s dng mt s cht ph gia nhm nng cao mt s c tnh k thut cho t ba. Cc loi cht ph gia thng c s dng gm: mt s loi keo chng thm, cc cht n, cht tr bo lu, cc cht mu v mt s ph gia khc. 1/. Gia keo Gia keo l qu trnh to cho t giy c tnh nng chng thm nc. Hu ht cc loi giy (ngoi tr giy v sinh v mt vi loi giy c bit khc) u cn mang tnh chng thm nc chng khng d b phn r ra khi gp nc, in khng b lem Nc thm c vo t giy ch yu do hai hin tng: X si lm giy mang tnh hp nc Nc thm qua cc l nh trn b mt vo bn trong tm giy.

V vy, bn cht ca hin tng chng thm ca giy da trn hai nguyn tc: hoc l lm cho t giy mang tnh k nc; hoc l lp kn nhng l hng nh trn b mt giy ngn cn khng cho nc thm vo bn trong. to cho giy tnh chng thm, ngi ta thng p dng hai cch sau: - Hoc l dng nhng cht c tnh k nc nh keo nha thng, keo AKD (Alkyl Ketene Dimer), keo ASA (......), ... trn chung vi bt giy trc khi xeo. Phng php gia keo nh vy gi

l gia keo ni b. Trong phng php ny, cht k nc khi bm ln b mt x si s lm cho x si v c bng giy cng mang tnh k nc. Tuy nhin, kh nng k nc nhiu hay t ph thuc vo mc dng cc loi keo ny. - Hoc l dng nhng cht c tnh to mng nh keo tinh bt, keo polyvinylalcol, CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose),... trng ph ln b mt t giy. Phng php ny gi l gia keo b mt. Trong phng php ny cht to mng s lp kn a s nhng l trn b mt giy lm cho nc kh c kh nng thm nhp vo bn trong t giy. Phng php gia keo b mt cn c thm tc dng to cho giy c tnh bn b mt, tng bng b mt, thch hp cho cc loi giy in cao cp khng b bong x b mt khi gp ma st trong qu trnh in. i vi mt s loi giy cn c bn b mt cao nh giy in cao cp, giy photocopy, ngi ta p dng c hai phng php gia keo ni b v gia keo b mt. Mc ch ca vic gia keo ni b vo bt giy trc khi gia keo b mt cho bng giy l lm gim kh nng keo b mt thm su vo bn trong lp giy, nh vy s gim c lng tiu th cht keo b mt, m vn m bo yu cu bn b mt ca t giy. Ti nh my giy M Xun, phng php gia keo cho sn xut ba carton l gia keo ni b. Keo cho vo bt giy phn t. Cc loi keo thng c s dng y l keo nha thng phn tn v keo AKD. a- Keo nha thng thng phm Hi-pHaseR 35: Hin ti nh my giy M Xun ang s dng keo nha thng Hi-pHaseR 35 l loi keo nha thng phn tn c in tch cation, dng cht lng mu trng sa. Keo ny c s dng trong phm vi pH tng i rng (t 4.0 n 6.5) v c mc linh ng cao trong h thng (n tng i khng nhy cm vi nhng dao ng trong h thng nh pH, tnh axit v gip nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca my xeo). Keo Hi-pHaseR 35 hot ng tng i hiu qu trong nhng h thng c cha canxicarbonat c trong nguyn liu giy hoc c trong thnh phn nc trng thu hi t my xeo sn xut trong mi trng kim. Do c tnh cation nn keo Hi-pHaseR 35 c tnh bo lu tt x si, cht n v cc cht mu trong qu trnh sn xut giy. Tnh cht c bn ca keo Hi-pHaseR 35: Dng ngoi Nng (%) in tch Trng lng (kg/l) pH Thi hn s dng C ch hot ng: Khi pH mi trng t trn 4.0, Hi-pHaseR 35 (mang in tch cation) s bm ln b mt x si (mang in tch m) nh lc ht tnh in. Chnh nh c ch ny m Hi-pHaseR 35 c bo lu li trn giy, gip cho giy c kh nng chng thm tt. S dng: Hi-pHaseR 35 l cht chng thm rt n nh nn c th pha long hoc khng cn pha long trc khi s dng, nu cn pha long nn pha trn vi dung dch phn theo t l 1:1 (tnh theo lng phn kh) hoc cho t t vo cng vi phn theo t l . Liu lng s dng trung bnh : T 5 10 kg/tn bt ha T 10 15 kg/tn bt ti sinh : cht lng mu trng sa : 35 5 : cation : 1.05 1.10 : 2.1 3.7 : 180 ngy

im cho

: Trc bm pha long sau thng iu tit

Quy trnh pha ch v cp keo Hi-pHase (xem s bn di) Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh gia keo Hi-pHaseR35 b. Keo AKD (Alkyl Keten Dimer): L loi keo tng hp. N c s dng chng thm cho giy trong mi trng kim, lng tiu hao khong 9kg-11 kg cho mt tn giy carton thnh phm, v c th s dng ccbonnt lm cht n (hin nh my ang s dng cht n l cacbonat canxi (CaCO3) khi sn xut carton Duplex trng (WHITE TOP) v TESTLINER 04). Keo AKD c tc dng to cho b mt x si mt lp ngn cn s phn tn dung dch nc, lm cho giy c tnh chng thm tt hn. Ngoi ra n cn c tc dng lm tng bn, tng lin kt x si t v to bng b mt cho x si. Keo AKD thng phm HERCON TD-15: Nh my giy M Xun hin ang s dng loi keo AKD c tn thng phm l HERCON TD-15, l mt cht chng thm dng nh tng hot ng trong mi trng trung tnh v kim tnh mt cch hiu qu. (So vi mi trng axit th giy c sn xut trong mi trng trung tnh hay kim tnh thng cho dai, trng, n nh cao, cho php gim lng nc thi v mc tiu th in nng). N phn ng trc tip vi x si xenlul nn cho chng thm cao m khng cn s dng phn. c tnh c bn: Dng ngoi Hm lng rn (%) in tch T trng 2500C (kg/l) ha tan pH im ng cng Kt qu ng cng Kh nng bt chy
0

: cht lng mu trng sa : 15 0.5 : cation : 1.00 1.03 : tan khng gii hn trong nc : 3 4.5 : 00C : ph th nh tng : khng

Thi hn s dng nu lu tr nhit 23 C: khong 90 ngy C ch hot ng: Khi PH mi trng t trn 7, HERCON TD-15 s phn ng trc tip vi nhm hydroxyl ca si xenlul to trn b mt si kh nng chng thm nc rt cao. Tc phn ng s tng theo PH v nhit sy giy. Thng thng c th iu chnh PH tng trn 7 bng cch thm vo mt lng kim ha tan nh carbonat natri (Na2CO3) hoc soda (carbonat natri khan thng phm) cng nh s dng thm cht n CaCO3. HERCON TD-15 c th hot ng tt nht trong mi trng PH t 7.5 8.5 vi tng lng kim khong 100ppm. Phn ng ca HERCON TD-15 vi x si s khng hon thin ngay trn dy chuyn nhng n s hon thin trong vng 1 ngy. S dng: Liu lng: Khong t 7 15 kg/tn bt kh ty theo loi nguyn liu, cht n CaCO 3 v chng thm mong mun.

im cho: Cho t t HERCON TD-15 (nguyn cht) vo trc bm pha long sau thng iu tit (ni c nng bt giy c) bng bm nh lng gip HERCON TD-15 d bm vo x si tt hn. Khng nn pha long HERCON TD-15 vi nc trc khi cho vo v s xy ra phn ng thy phn lm mt mt phn tc dng chng thm. HERCON TD-15 cng c th c s dng nh l mt cht chng thm b mt trong p gia keo b mt (size press) hay trn my cn (calender). Bo qun v lu tr: Hiu qu ca HERCON TD-15 s gim dn nu thi gian lu tr ko di hay trong nhit cao. V th nn lu tr trong nhit cng thp cng tt nhng trnh ng cng v trnh nh nng trc tip ngoi tri. Quy trnh pha ch v cp keo AKD (xem s bn di). Cc yu t nh hng n hiu qu s dng keo AKD: - Khi t l cht n tng th tiu tn nhiu thm lng keo AKD v khi tng thm din tch b mt m keo AKD cn phi bao ph. hn ch iu ny, nn gia keo AKD vo dng bt c nng cao trc khi gia cht n (ngha l gia keo trc khi vo bm pha long) keo AKD bm vo x si trc ch khng bm vo cht n. - Khi gia thm tinh bt cation vo bt giy th lm tng hiu qu chng thm ca keo AKD, v cation tinh bt s lm tng s dnh bm ca cc ht keo AKD ln b mt x si. - PH: keo AKD c s dng hiu qu nht trong khong PH = 7.5 8.5. Do vy, khi nh my sn xut cc sn phm ba carton m s dng keo AKD lm cht chng thm th thng s dng mt lng nh NaOH vo dng bt va thc y phn ng gia keo AKD vi x si, va iu chnh gi tr PH mi trng v trung tnh hoc kim nh. Nu lng NaOH s dng nhiu m lm cho kim tnh ca dng bt qu cao (ngha l khi nng ion OH- qu cao) th s lm tng phn ng thy phn ca phn t AKD to thnh ketone khng c tnh chng thm. Phn ng ny din ra chm dn n hin tng tnh chng thm ca giy b gim dn sau khi tm giy c sn xut cn gi l hin tng hi keo. c. Nhng u im ca phng php xeo trung tnh hoc kim so vi phng php xeo axit: Phng php xeo trung tnh hoc kim tnh l phng php xeo trong iu kin mi trng PH = 6.5 8.5 khi s dng cht n l canxi carbonat. - u im v cng ngh: - Canxi carbonat c s dng va lm cht n, va lm cht trng ph b mt ca giy. - Cho php gim nng lng in tiu th trong khu nghin bt (v gim c nghin m vn gi c bn ca giy), v tit kim c nhit lng trong khu sy giy (v c CaCO 3 th giy d kh hn). - Lm tng kh nng thot nc ca dng bt trn li xeo. - Khng dng phn do vy gim c s tch t cc ion v c (SO 42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, ... do cht n ha tan vo mi trng) trong nc trng. - My xeo, thit b ph tr t b n mn hn so vi phng php xeo axit - u im v cht lng giy: - Lm tng bn c l ca giy (v x si bn hn trong mi trng trung tnh v mi trng kim). - Cho php tng t l cht n m vn gi c bn c l theo yu cu.

- Cho php tng c ca giy (v t l dng cht n cao hn). - trng ca giy cao hn so vi khi dng cao lanh lm cht n. - trng v bn ca giy c bn vng hn theo thi gian, tnh cht ny vt tri hn hn so vi giy xeo bng phng php axit. - Khi cn lng iu kin m cao th giy khng b vt t en nh i vi giy xeo bng phng php axit. d. Nhng nhc im ca phng php xeo trung tnh v kim tnh so vi phng php xeo axit: - Nhc im v cng ngh: - Phi s dng cc loi keo chng thm tng hp nh AKD, ASA, hoc keo nha thng bin tnh. Cc loi keo ny gi cao hn hn so vi keo nha thng dng trong phng php xeo axit (keo nha thng x phng ha). - Nhit ca dng bt khi i qua b phn li phi nm trong gii hn nht nh. - Nu s dng bt ti sinh t cc loi giy xeo bng phng php axit th d gp s c trong qu trnh xeo bng phng php kim. - Cc anion tp cht c nhiu trong bt c s gy nhiu tr ngi trong phng php xeo kim. - D gp hin tng tch t keo chng thm lm bn chn li, vi sinh vt pht trin mnh hn nn chu k phi dng sn xut v sinh my xeo ngn hn so vi phng php xeo axit. - Cc ha cht ph gia nh cht bo lu, cht keo bn t, cht mu dng trong h xeo kim th gi thng cao hn so vi phng php xeo axit. Cht trng quang hc hu nh khng c tc dng trong h xeo kim. - Nhc im v cht lng giy: - C th xy ra hin tng keo chng thm mt tc dng sau mt thi gian bo qun giy (hin tng hi keo), nht l khi s dng keo AKD vi cht n l PCC (canxi carbonat kt ta). Kh kim sot mc chng thm ca giy. - Nu s dng bt c sn xut giy bng phng php xeo kim (PH > 7.5) th d gp hin tng bt b sm mu i, do trong mi trng kim th lignin trong bt c b vng sm mu i. - Giy c lng thp.

2. Cht ph gia
Ngoi cc cht keo, trong qa trnh sn xut ba carton khng th thiu cc cht ph gia khc nh: cht n, cht tr bo lu, cht bn kh, cht mu v mt vi ha cht khc. a. Cht n: Cht n l nhng cht bt mn mu trng, khng tan trong nc, chng thng l nhng cht khong c sn trong t nhin nh bt vi (CaCO3), bt t st (cao lanh Al2O3.SiO2), bt Talc, hoc bt nhn to nh bt titan dioxit TiO 2,... Cht n c dng lp vo ch trng gia cc x si v c cho vo bt giy phn t (sau qu trnh nghin v trc khi pha long cho my xeo) (gia keo ni b), hoc c khi cht n c trng ph trn b mt giy thng qua mt thit b trng keo t trn my xeo ( b phn sy) (gia keo b mt). Ti nh my giy M Xun, phn xng xeo carton s dng cht n l CaCO3 (ch s dng trong sn xut carton Duplex trng v TESTLINER 04). a.1. Cng dng ca cht n:

Cht n c tc dng lm tng tnh nng in ca giy ( nn thng c cho vo lp mt ca carton nhiu lp), lm tng trng, ng u, lm phng t giy, tng bng b mt khi giy i qua p quang, gim s bin dng ca t giy nu gp nc. a.2 nh hng ca cht n n tnh cht v qu trnh sn xut: + i vi qu trnh sn xut giy (ba carton): lm tng hiu qu thot nc, tng nng sut sy, tng kh ca bng giy sau p t. + i vi tnh cht ca giy (ba carton): bn c hc ca giy gim khi tng hm lng cht n, thu kh gim, cht tng, cng gn nh khng i, trng tng, tng bng ca giy. - nh hng bt li: + Lm gim mc lin kt gia cc x si dn n hu qu l lm gim bn c l, gim cng ca t giy v lm cho giy d b bong x ra trong qu trnh in hoc photocopy. - Lm tiu tn thm cc cht ph gia (keo chng thm, cht bo lu,...) s dng trong xeo giy. - Lm tng s mi mn xy ra cho my xeo, nht l b phn li. c- Quy trnh pha ch v cp ha cht CaCO3 b. Cht bn kh: b.1. M c ch s dng: Nhng ha cht gia vo giy trong qu trnh xeo m c kh nng lm tng kin kt gia cc x si, ngha l tng bn c l ca giy trng thi kh th c gi l cht bn kh. Ngoi ra, vic s dng cht gia cng kh cn lm tng bo lu cc ht mn v tng thot nc cho m si trn li. Nhng cht thng c dng lm keo bn kh trong sn xut giy l: Tinh bt nguyn trng hoc tinh bt cation (l loi tinh bt c ch bin ha hc tr thnh tinh bt tch in dng); Cht keo dnh c ngun gc thc vt; Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC); Mt s cht bn kh l polymer tng hp. Vic gia tinh bt cation vo dng bt lm tng bn theo chiu dy (hay cn gi l hng z), tng chu ko, tng chu bc, tng chu nn, tng cng cho ba carton. Ngoi ra s dng tinh bt cation cn lm tng hiu qu gia keo, tng tnh bn b mt ca giy (v s lin kt gia x si v tinh bt lm cho cc x si vn kh b bong ra khi b mt giy). V l do ny m tinh bt cation thng c gia vo b bt lp mt khi sn xut carton hai da. b2- Quy trnh pha ch v cp tinh bt cation

c. Cht tr bo lu:
nng cao hiu qu ca qu trnh bo lu cht n v x si mn trong giy, ngi ta s dng cc cht tr bo lu ha hc, n rt cn thit i vi loi giy dng nhiu cht n. c1 Khi nim v s bo lu, bo lu v cht tr bo lu: - S bo lu: l s gi li cc ht mn nh: cc x si mn, cc ht cht n, cc ht keo chng thm trn tm giy trong qa trnh thot nc ca huyn ph bt khi i qua b phn li ca my xeo. i vi mt qu trnh xeo giy, s bo lu tt hay xu c biu th bng bo lu ca cc ht mn trn trong qu trnh xeo.

- bo lu: c biu th bng t l phn trm (%) v khi lng ca nhng ht mn cn gi li trong giy i vi tng s khi lng nhng ht mn ny c trong dng bt trc khi ln my xeo. bo lu cng cao th qu trnh xeo cng hon thin v gi li cng nhiu nhng cht ph gia cn dng trong qu trnh xeo, lm cho nc thot ra t my xeo cng trong, nh vy va nng cao cht lng giy, va tit kim c ha cht, va t gy nhim mi trng. bo lu thng c tnh ring cho mt thnh phn ht mn no c trong dng bt, th d nh: bo lu ca cht n, bo lu ca cht keo chng thm, bo lu ca tinh bt, - Cht tr bo lu: mt s ha cht khi gia vo bt giy c kh nng lm tng bo lu ca cc ht mn trong bng giy, cc cht ny c gi l cht tr bo lu. Cht tro bo lu thng dng nht trong qa trnh xeo giy l phn nhm v cc cation polymer t nhin hay tng hp. c.2 Cht tr bo lu thng phm PERCOL 47: Cht tr bo lu thng c s dng cho sn xut ba carton ti nh my giy M Xun c tn thng phm l PERCOL 47. c tnh c bn ca PERCOL 47: Dng ngoi: Vi ht c mu trng Trng thi t nhin: polymer dng rn Khi lng phn t: trung bnh n cao in tch: cation PH ca dung dch 0.5%: khng nh hn 4.0 Kh nng ha tan trong nc: rt tt S dng v bo qun: Nng dung dch s dng c ngh: Thi gian lu tr c ngh: Dung dch d tr Dung dch cp vo s dng D tr dng dung dch : 0.25 0.50% : 0.02 0.05% : 1 2 ngy

D tr dng Polymer kh : trn 2 nm c.3 ch li ca vic s dng cht tr bo lu: Nu qu trnh s dng cht tr bo lu t hiu qu tt th: - Tng c s bo lu cc ht cht n, cc ht keo chng thm, cc x si mn trong bng giy. - My chy n nh, gi cho chn li sch hn, ko di c thi gian v sinh my v ko di tui th chn li do khng b ma st nhiu bi cc ht cht n tri theo nc trng. - Gim lng tp cht c trong nc thi, gim ti qu trnh x l nc thi. - Tng c thot nc trn b phn li v b phn p. - Cht keo chng thm c bo lu tt hn, do vy gim c lng keo dung khu p keo b mt (nu c s dng p keo b mt).

d. Cht mu:
Hin nay c nhiu sn phm ba carton c nhum mu p ng cc yu cu ca khch hng. Phm mu l loi cht mu c s dng cho qu trnh nhum mu giy, chng l cc cht mu hu c tan c trong nc v c kh nng gi mu tt. Phn xng xeo carton hin ang s dng cc loi cht mu thng phm: VIOLET (mu tm), BLUE R LIQ (mu xanh), BROWN CB

LIQ, BROWN ZB LIQ (mu nu), YELLOW HAF-Z LIQ, YELLOW R (mu vng), ORANGE 2GL, ACID ORANGE II (mu da cam), BLACK C-DL LIQ (mu en). C nhiu phng php nhum mu cho giy: - Nhum mu trong bt giy (phng php nhm mu ni b) - Nhng bng giy vo trong dung dch mu - Nhum mu b mt (phng php trng mu) Trong nhum mu trong bt giy l phng php ph bin nht v hin cng ang c p dng nhum mu cho lp mt ca ba carton nhiu lp ti phn xng xeo carton. Phm mu di dng dung dch c cp vo bm trn v cho vo bt giy sau thng iu tit trc bm pha long (ti v tr ngay sau im cho keo).

e. Cc ha cht khc:
Ngoi cc ha cht trn, trong qu trnh sn xut ba carton cn s dng cc loi ha cht khc nh: - Cht ph bt: c cho vo b nc trng dung cho vic pha long, n s c tc dng chng to bt trong dng bt, gip cho qu trnh xeo giy trn my xeo c thc hin d dng. - Cht ty trng quang hc (Cht tng trng): c s dng cho sn xut cc loi giy c trng cao. phn xng xeo carton, cht ty trng quang hc OBA-Hunh quang thng c s dng cho sn xut lp mt ca carton Duplex trng (White top). - Natri hydroxit NaOH: c s dng vi mt lng nh nhm to pH mi trng trung tnh hoc kim nh trong trng hp s dng keo AKD lm cht chng thm. - Axit Clohydric HCl, phn nhm: c s dng vi mt lng nh nhm to mi trng axit (pH khong 4.5 n 5.0) trong trng hp s dng keo Hi-pHase lm cht chng thm. . QUY TRNH PHA CH V CP HA CHT CHO XEO CARTON I. Quy trnh cp keo AKD / Hi-pHase .1 Cong tac chuan b: - M nap thung keo, kiem tra xem keo nhu tng co b vang vang hay von cuc hay khong? - Kiem tra nguon ien, kiem tra tnh trang bm. Bm va ong ong phai c ve sinh sach se. - Kiem tra v tr ong hut, cac van tuy theo tng trng hp cu the. - Khi cap bot cho may xeo mi m bm keo.

2. Trnh t thao tac: Len thung ieu tiet L1 L2 Bm AKD 1

Ong ong Van 2

Van 5

Van 1 Van 1

Van 3

Van 6 Bm AKD

Thun g AKD

Van 4

a- Trng hp chay bm 1, ngng bm 2: - Khoa van 2, van 4, van 6. M van 1, van 3. van 5. - Bat cong tac ien bm 1. - Sau 60 giay cho dong chay on nh tien hanh o mc dung. Cach o: o keo vao ong ong . M van 2 thi gian khoang 15 giay. - Khoa van 1, bam ong ho thi gian va ghi nhan mc keo L1. Khi u thi gian o 60 giay, ghi nhan mc keo L2 . - M van 1. - Khoa van 2 (tnh lu lng nh sau: ( L1 - L2 ) la so ml a dung trong 60 giay. Chu y: Tat ca cac trng hp o keo, lng keo trong ong ong khong c can het. Neu so o cha ung mc yeu cau th ieu chnh lai bang nut ieu chnh lu lng bm va o lai theo trnh t nh tren.

b- Trng hp chay bm 2, ngng bm 1: Khoa van 2, van 3, van 5. M van 1, van 4, van 6. - Bat cong tac ien bm 2. - Sau 60 giay cho dong chay on nh tien hanh o mc dung. Cach o: o keo vao ong ong. M van 2 trong thi gian 15 giay. Khoa van 1, bam ong ho thi gian va ghi nhan mc keo L1 Khi u thi gian o la 60 giay, ghi nhan mc keo L2 M van 1. Khoa van 2 (tnh lu lng nh sau: (L1-L2) la so ml keo a dung trong 60 giay. Neu so o cha ung mc yeu cau th ieu chnh lai bang nut ieu chnh lu lng bm va o lai theo trnh t nh tren. c- Trng hp thay thung keo mi: Chuan b san sang thung keo mi, cap AKD (Hi-phase ) ay ong ong, m van 2 cap keo t ong ong, ong van 1 t thung va ong thi chuyen ong hut vao thung mi, m van cap 1 t thung ( lu y ong tac phai nhanh tranh khong kh vao ong hut lu lng se khong chnh xac), ong van 2 t ong ong. Sau moi lan thay thung keo mi phai tien hanh xac nh lai lu lng cap. 3. Thao tac ve sinh bm, ong ong, ng ong: Khi bm keo nao ngng hoat ong, ve sinh ngay bm o bang nc nong. Khi may xeo ngng ra giay ve sinh 2 bm. a- Ve sinh bm: Bang cach rut ong nha au vao va ra cua bm, cam ong au vao cua bm vao xo nc nong, m bm chay khoang 2-3 phut cho tan can keo. Kiem tra nc au ra sach cong tac ve sinh mi c hoan tat.

b- Ve sinh ong ong: Khoa van 2 Cho nc nong vao ong ong, dung choi ra sach ben trong ong Rut ong gan au van 2, xa nc ra. Cac thao tac c lap lai cho en khi ong ong sach han. 4. Cac chu y khac: Khi bm co hien tng chay keo ra ngoai, lu lng khong on nh hoac co xu hng giam dan phai bao ngay e sa cha. - Khi mot trong hai bm trong trang thai cap, bm con lai phai c ve sinh , san sang cho chu k thay oi bm. Toan bo au hut va au ra cua bm phai c cha keo AKD tranh trng hp cap AKD b gian oan. - Khi bm c thao ra ve sinh, thay thung keo mi phai kiem tra lu lng e am bao o gia keo. 5. iem cho hoa chat: Cap vao ng ong bot i vao bm quat. -

II. Quy trnh cp tinh bt cation: 1. Cong tac chuan b: Kiem tra nguon ien, ong c, khuay. Kiem tra tnh trang bm, sang, li loc. Kiem tra hi va nc. Chuan b tinh bot. 2. Trnh t thao tac: M nc vao 1/3 noi nau. M canh khuay. Cho t t 25 kg tinh bot vao, khuay cho tinh bot tan hoan toan. Tat canh khuay. - Bo sung nc gan en vach 400 lt. - M canh khuay. M van hi t t e nhiet o trong noi tang len en nhiet o 95oC. Tiep tuc gi nhiet nhiet o 95 98oC trong thi gian 20 phut. Tat canh khuay. Nong o nau la 6%. - Xa qua sang 80 mesh xuong be pha loang, pha loang en nong o 3% theo t le lng nc gap 2 lan lng dung dch tinh bot, tng ng vi 800 lt. 3. Yeu cau chat lng tinh bot: Tinh bot phai tan eu, khong von cuc. 4.Ve sinh: Sau moi lan nau ve sinh noi nau, be pha loang, li sang. Khi ong may lau ngay ve sinh va diet khuan toan bo he thong ng ong, noi nau, be pha loang, be cha. Khi san xuat lai ve sinh va diet khuan toan bo he thong ng ong, noi nau, be pha loang, be cha. Cap vao be tron III. Quy trnh cp tinh bt anion: 1 . Cong tac chuan b: Kiem tra nguon ien, ong c, khuay. Kiem tra tnh trang bm, sang. Kiem tra hi va nc. - Chuan b tinh bot, cam quang, mau, diet khuan, pha bot, ben t.. 2 . Trnh t thao tac: - M nc vao 1/3 noi nau. - M canh khuay noi nau, cho t t 150 kg tinh bot vao noi, khuay cho tinh bot tan hoan toan. - Tat canh khuay, bo sung nc gan en vach 750 lt (tr hao lng nc ngng tu trong thi gian nau).

.5.iem cho hoa chat:

- M canh khuay, m van hi t t e nhiet o trong noi tang len en nhiet o 95oC. - Tiep tuc gi nhiet nhiet o 95 98oC trong thi gian 20 phut. - Nong o nau la 20%. - Tat canh khuay, m van xa, xa dung dch tinh bot va nau qua sang 80 mesh xuong be pha loang. - ong van xa va m nc vao noi nau en vach 750 lt . - M canh khuay, t t cho cac hoa chat vao noi e pha loang theo th t: cam quang - mau - pha bot, moi loai cach nhau 2 phut, khi cho xong hoa chat cuoi khuay them 2 phut. Tat canh khuay noi nau. - Bat canh khuay be pha loang, xa me hoa chat tren noi nau va pha. - ong van xa va m nc tiep vao noi nau, m canh khuay, cho t t cac hoa chat diet khuan, ben t vao noi e pha loang. Moi loai cach nhau 2 phut, khi cho u hoa chat khuay them 2 phut. - Tat canh khuay, xa xuong be pha loang, pha loang en nong o 7-10%, tuy theo yeu cau. - M canh khuay, khuay eu toan bo dung dch, chuan b bm sang be cha. 3 . Yeu cau chat lng tinh bot: Tinh bot tan eu, khong von cuc. Cac hoa chat c tan eu, dung dch ong nhat. 4. ve sinh: Sau moi lan nau ve sinh noi nau, be pha loang, li sang. - Khi ong may lau ngay ve sinh, diet khuan toan bo he thong noi nau, be pha loang, be cha. - Khi san xuat lai phai ve sinh toan bo he thong va cho hoa chat diet khuan .5. iem cho hoa chat: Cap vao he thong Size press. IV. Quy trnh cp mu: 1. Cong tac chuan b: Kiem tra thung mau. Khuay ky va khuay sat ay thung mau cho tan het cac can mau. .2. Trnh t thao tac va iem cho hoa chat: Bao gom 2 cong oan: a- Pha tai ho cha: Sau khi ho cha c nap u so lng nguyen lieu, nong o bot at 4%, khuay eu, bat au cho mau. Can moi loai mau ung 80% mc s dung cha vao nhng xo rieng biet.

Pha loang moi loai vi ty le : mau pha loang vi nc 10 lan. Moi loai mau cho vao be bot phai cho t t va ung trnh t cua phong cong nghe: cation anion - cation Moi loai cho cach nhau 2 phut. Xeo mau o (L*,a*,b*), ieu chnh at yeu cau Khi a at mau cho khuay them 20 phut, pha loang at nong o 3% ,bm sang be tron cua xeo. b- Pha lien tuc tai ng vao bm quat: - Tuy theo cong thc co mau cung loai hay khong cung loai ion, ta can phai tach rieng ng cap va iem cap. - Tng bm mau ieu chnh lu lng at 20% mc s dung con lai (phng phap tnh da vao toc o may, nh lng lp giay, kho giay) 3. Nhng ieu can lu y: e am bao o ong mau cua t giay can lu y nhng iem sau: - Toc o may co nh ( v a cap 20% mau lien tuc). - Nhiet lo say phai on nh (On nh ap suat cap vao l say). - nh lng lp giay mau phai on nh. - Toan bo hoa chat gia vao bot, pH phai on nh dan en o bat mau len s si on nh. V vay, toan bo qua trnh phai c kiem soat lien tuc : Nong o, pH thung au, bao lu 1, toc o may, nh lng lp mau, lu lng hoa chat, o am giay, o Cobb. Cong nhan van hanh phai thng xuyen o tr so L*,a*,b* e am bao o ong mau cua t giay va kiem soat qua trnh. V. Quy trnh cp ha cht tr bo lu cationic: .1. Cong tac chuan b: Kiem tra nguon ien, ong c, khuay. Kiem tra nc cap, tnh trang bm, cac v tr van ong, m . Chuan b hoa chat.

.2. Trnh t thao tac: - M van nc chnh ngap canh khuay di cua thung pha. M canh khuay. - M van nc pheu nap lieu ong thi cho t t 1 Kg tr bao lu cationic vao pheu. - Tiep tuc cho nc (chu y: cho nc vao t t va di vach 2 m3. - Khuay 15 phut cho tan eu. - Tat canh khuay, cho nc en vach 2 m3. - M canh khuay, khuay eu. - Nong o pha la 0,5 g/l. - Tat canh khuay.

Trc khi s dung cho khuay lai 2 phut.

3. Yeu cau chat lng: Hoa chat tan eu, dung dch ong nhat. Thi gian ton trkhong qua 48 gi. .4. Ve sinh: Khi s dung het hoa chat cua thung nao phai ve sinh ngay thung o va chuan b pha tiep thung mi neu may xeo ang hoat ong. Trng hp may xeo ong may t 2 ngay tr len phai xa bo hoa chat a pha, ve sinh thung pha, ve sinh bm va toan bo he thong ng ong. Khi tien hanh pha lai phai ve sinh sach thung pha. 5.iem cho hoa chat: Cap vao trc bm pha long n lc ct. VI. Quy trnh cp PAC: 1. Cong tac chuan b: Kiem tra nguon ien, ong c, khuay. Kiem tra nc cap, tnh trang bm, cac v tr van ong, m. Chuan b hoa chat. M nc vao thung pha en vach 1,5 m3. M canh khuay. Cho t t 75 Kg PAC. Khuay 10 phut cho tan hoan toan. Nong o pha la 50g/l. Tat canh khuay. Trc khi s dung cho khuay lai 2 phut.

2. Trnh t thao tac:

3. Yeu cau chat lng: Hoa chat tan eu, dung dch ong nhat. Chu y khi hoa chat b von cuc phai ap nho trc khi cho vao pha loang . 4.Ve sinh: Khi s dung het hoa chat cua thung nao phai ve sinh ngay thung o va chuan b pha tiep thung mi neu may xeo ang hoat ong. 5. iem cho hoa chat: Cap vao be tron va be nc trang 1 (WW1). VII. Quy trnh cp bt CaCO3: 1. Cong tac chuan b: - Kiem tra nguon ien, ong c, khuay - Kiem tra nc cap, tnh trang bm, ong van xa ay. - Kiem tra li sang co sach va am bao khong? - Kiem tra ung loai CaCO3 ?

2. Trnh t thao tac: M nc vao 1/3 be. Cau 200 Kg len tren mieng pheu cua be cap. M canh khuay. Cho t t 200 Kg bot CaCO3, anh tan 5 phut. Tat canh khuay, tiep tuc cho nc en vach 1 m 3. M canh khuay,khuay them 5 phut na Tat canh khuay. Nong o pha la 20%. Bm het so dung dch CaCO3 a pha qua li sang 60 mesh vao be cha va lap lai thao tac nh tren cho me sau. 3. Yeu cau chat lng: Bot CaCO3 phan tan eu, khong von cuc. 4. Ve sinh: Me cuoi cung cua ca san xuat pha nong o ac hn qui nh. Khi bm gan het dung dch CaCO3 a pha, m them nc vao be, tiep tuc bm sang be cha e ve sinh be pha, bm, ng ong va li sang. Chu y: can oi lng nc ve sinh e on nh nong o cap. Ve sinh sach rac tren mat sang. - Khi may xeo ngng ra giay t 2 gi tr len phai thao mat sang ra ve sinh. - Do CaCO3 de b lang tu khi ngng may lau ngay phai ve sinh be pha, be cha, mat sang, pha trong than sang, thong nc toan bo he hong ng ong va xa van ay. 5. iem cho hoa chat: Cap vao trc sang ap lc 1. -

1. Sn xut bn thnh phm giy v sinh thng: Trong trng hp sn xut bn thnh phm giy v sinh thng, cc ha cht ph gia c s dng gm: cht phn tn, cht tch l v cht lm mm. Cc ha cht ny c s dng vi mc dng v im cho nh gii thiu phn cng dung cac hoa cht . Tuy nhin, ty vo tnh hnh thc t ca sn xut, mc dng ha cht c th c iu chnh cho ph hp. 2. Sn xut bn thnh phm giy v sinh v khn giy cao cp: Trong trng hp sn xut bn thnh phm giy v sinh v khn giy cao cp, ngoi cc ha cht ph gia nh mc 1. trn, cn s dng thm cht bn t (cho trng hp sn xut khn giy), cht tng trng (OBA-Hunh quang), cht mu Violet. Cc ha cht ny c s dng vi mc dng v im cho nh gii thiu phn cng dung cac hoa cht. V cng ty vo tnh hnh thc t ca sn xut, mc dng ha cht c th c iu chnh cho ph hp. 3. San xut giy cng nghip(carton): Trong trng hp san xut giy Medium, testliner, duplex,.. cac hoa cht phu gia c s dung gm: keo chng thm, mau, tinh bt, cht bn kh, cht n, cht bao lu, nhm tao ra san

phm at cht lng theo yu cu. Mc dung va im cho Tuy thuc vao tinh hinh san xut va dy chuyn cng ngh

CHNG III: CNG NGH XEO GIY TISSUE

1. Khi nim giy Tissue: Giy Tisue bao gm nhng loi giy mong, mm v thng c np nhn, c s dng trong cng nghip (giy t in, giy gi), trong gia nh (giy v sinh, khn giy, t lt), Loi giy Tissue thuc dng sn phm giy v sinh, khn giy, thng c nh lng t 11 23 g/m 2; c hp ph nc rt ln; v thng cn c mm mi cao. Loi giy Tissue thuc dng sn phm t lt, ngoi kh nng hp ph, th sn phm cn cn c kh nng gi c cht lng hp ph trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. hp ph ca cc loi giy Tissue ny ph thuc vo cu trc l xp ca sn phm v sc cng b mt gia cht lng v b mt si. Gc tip xc gia cht lng v b mt si ph thuc vo mt s tc cht v hm lng bt ha ty trng c trong thnh phn bt. mm mi cng l mt thng s quan trng ca loi sn phm giy ny. Thng s ny ph thuc nhiu vo qu trnh to np nhn v vo cc ph gia s dng. Kh nng chy my i vi loi giy Tissue ph thuc vo iu kin hot ng ca trc sy Yankee. Loi bt s dng thch hp nht cho sn xut giy Tissue l bt sulfit g mm ty trng, hoc ngy nay c s dng kh ph bin l loi bt c cht lng cao v bt sulfat ty trng, mt s loi giy v sinh c sn xut t bt giy thu hi hoc pha trn nhiu thnh phn. 2. Gii thiu trc sy Yankee: Trc sy Yankee c dng hnh tr bng thp, c bng cao, c ng knh ln, c s dng trong qu trnh sn xut cc loi giy c nh lng thp v c bit c np nhn nh giy v sinh, khn ph bn, cc loi khn giy hoc giy qun thuc l,... Tt c cc loi sn phm ny c mt im rt c th l chng c ly ra khi trc sy nh tc ng c hc ca mt dao co. i vi loi giy Tissue, do bng giy khng bn chu lc cng trn nhiu trc sy (nh i vi giy in, giy vit hay giy carton,...), ngoi ra cn to cc np nhn, do vy trc sy Yankee s p ng ng thi c cc yu cu ny. Trc khi n trc sy, t giy c i qua mt hay hai trc p. Ngoi tc dng p bng giy vo st trc sy, trc p cn c nhim v ht bt nc ca bng giy nh c h thng ht chn khng. ng thi chn khng cn cn trnh hin tng t giy b tut khi trc p khi my chy tc cao. Trc sy Yankee c th t ng knh n 5,5 m v di khong 8 m, nng khong 180 tn. Trc sy thng c s gn nhm tng hiu qu truyn nhit v sc bn. Tc my c th t n 1850 m/pht. Qu trnh to np nhn cho giy: Qu trnh to np nhn l rt cn thit cho giy v sinh v ch c my sy Yankee mi c th m nhim c chc nng ny. Vic to np nhn c tc dng ly t giy ra khi b mt l sy, ng thi n cn lm cho giy tr nn mm mi hn, c xp ln hn., hp ph tt hn v n hi hn. iu ny c th gii thch l do s to np nhn lm yu i lin kt ca x si, do tng tc ca lc kt dnh gia t giy v trc sy, tnh cht vt l ca t giy, lc c hc tc dng v nhng thng s hnh hc ca dao co. T s lc bm dnh ca t giy trn trc sy/lc lin kt ni ca giy l thng s gip ta xc nh hiu qu qu trnh to np nhn. Nu nh lc bm dnh qu nh t giy s b phng ln tch khi b mt sy trc khi n gp dao co. Nu nh lc bm dnh qu ln hay lc lin kt ni qu nh, t giy s dnh cht vo trc sy v do vy s b rch khi gp dao co. Nhiu nghin cu ch ra rng cu trc v tnh cht ca bng giy cn to np nhn ph thuc vo mi tng quan gia s

bm dnh, gc dao co, tnh cht ca giy (trc khi to np nhn) nh nh lng ca giy, bn ko,... v t s to np nhn. Theo nh ngha, t s to np nhn, l t s ca tc bng giy trn trc Yankee/tc bng giy lc ri trc (sau khi gp dao co). mn ca cc np nhn c lin quan vi s gia tng tnh mm mi cho t giy, c th ci thin bng s gia tng bm dnh. iu ny c th c thc hin bng s gia tng lng keo gia cng t, n lm cho t giy tin n st nh dao co hn, thu hp khong trng gia t giy v dao co lm cho cc np nhn tr nn mn hn (iu ny l gii cho trng hp sn xut giy Tissue lm khn giy c s dng cht gia cng t nn b mt cun giy bn thnh phm thng mn hn trng hp sn xut giy Tissue lm giy v sinh). 3. Cc ch tiu k thut ca sn phm: Thng thng, i vi bn thnh phm giy Tissue sn xut ra trn my xeo, thng c kim tra cc ch tiu sau: a- nh lng (Basic weight)(g/m2): l khi lng ca mt mt vung giy hoc carton. n v ca nh lng l g/m2. b- hp ph nc (i vi loi giy c ht nc cao): c 2 cch xc nh: - Cch 1: Xc nh ht nc ca giy bng cch xc nh thi gian giy ht c mt lng nc nht nh. - Cch 2: Xc nh ht nc theo mao dn ca giy, bng cch xc nh chiu cao nc dng ln trong di mu th, khi ngm n vo nc trong iu kin v thi gian quy nh. c- o mem mai (Softness) ay la mot thong so rt quan trng i vi cc loi giy Tissue. No c th c anh gia da tren s cam nhan cua cac te bao tren tay. Giay c nh gia la mem mai khi t giay khong b kho, rap, s vao cam thay em du. d- H s chun ( Creping ratio) ( dn di) La ty le van toc be mat cua lo say va lo cuon. No c anh gia bang o gin dai cua t giay theo chiu doc my xeo (MD). Cach tien hanh o: Boc mot lp giay tren cuon giay (tranh cho lp giay nay b bien dang) sau o o chieu dai l1 (mm). Tiep o keo cang ra (khong c t giay) c l2 (mm). l 2 l1 100 Ket qua ty le gian dai (%) = l1 e- o am (humidity) o am la ham lng nc con lai trong giay, no quyet nh en tnh mem mai, o ben cua giay f- trng ISO (%): L gi tr phn x nh sng xanh ca giy, carton v bt giy, c biu th bng phn trm (%). y cng l mt thng s kh quan trng, c bit l i vi giy v sinh v khn giy cao cp. 4. Cc ch tiu ngoi quan: Cun giy v sinh sau khi c sn xut ra trn my xeo, gi l cun giy bn thnh phm. Chng c kim tra cc ch tiu v ngoi quan sau:

- B mt giy: B mt giy mn, phng, khng tp cht, khng b ct. Mt giy khng c lng l, rch, bn. - m en (ht/inch2) (kch thc ht 0.2 mm): 15 (i vi giy v sinh thng); 10 (i vi giy v sinh cao cp v cc loi khn giy). - Mi ni: S mi ni trong mi cun khng c ln hn 5. Ch ni phi c nh du r rng v c ni chc bng bng keo dn theo sut chiu rng cun. - Li cun: Li cun giy phi cng , khng c mp mo, li ra hoc ht so vi mt ct ca cun giy qu 5mm. ng knh li l 76mm. - Mt ct: Cc mp giy ct phi thng, phng, khng b x xc. II/. GII THIU MY XEO V QU TRNH SN XUT GIY

B phn hnh thnh

Thng u (Head Box) A. Nhim v: - Tip nhn dng bt - Phn phi bt ng u theo sut chiu ngang li - Tc phun bt u theo thi gian theo hng my chy - To s chy ri, loi b c hin tng kt t s si B. Cu to: C hai phn - B phn phn phi dng bt vo - Khoang phun bt ln li xeo(hnh v) 1/. B phn phi dng bt vo: lm nhim v phn phi dng bt thy u theo chiu ngang ca my xeo. B phn ny gm mt ln hnh cn nm theo chiu ngang my xeo ni vi nhiu ng nh nm vung gc vi ng ln.Dng bt c a vo bn u ln ca ng ln.Cu to hnh cn ca ng ln nhm duy tr p lc khng i ca dng bt ln thnh ng ln theo chiu ngang ca my, do vy dng bt c phn phi u theo chiu ngang ca my xeo. Khi i qua ng ln hnh cn ny dng bt c chia thnh nhiu dng nh u nhau qua cc ng nh vo khoang phun bt 2/. Khoang phun bt : lm nhim v phun bt vi lu lng tht u theo thi gian ln li xeo Khoang phun bt gm c: - L c l: l l rng bng kim loi trn b mt c c nhiu l cho dng bt c th i qua l rng.Trong khoang phun bt thng c 2 hoc 3 l c l c t nm theo chiu ngang my, cc l ny quay lin tc gn y khoang phun bt , gn li ra ca bt trc khi phun ln li. Mc ch s dng l c l l to s chy ri ca dng bt, trnh s lng t trong thng u. Nh vy to iu kin cho s phn b bt trn li ng u hn. - Khe phun bt: l khe m qua dng bt c phun t thng u ln li xeo. Khe ny c to bi hai tm : bn di l tm y ca thng u v bn trn l tm mi phun nm nghing mt gc to thnh khe h vi tm di dng thot qua khe ln li xeo My xeo li di: Li xeo: l tm di c ni hai u li vi nhau to thnh tm li di lin tc Nhim v ca tm li: + L ni hnh thnh v vn chuyn tm giy t + Cho php thot mt phn ln lng nc t tm giy t + Truyn ng trong b phn li

Trc ngc: l l c ng knh tng i ln, nm ngay pha di thng u c nhim v va li v cng li Tm nh hnh: l tm phng ln hay mhiu tm nh st nhau nm k vi trc ngc c nhim v hn ch s thot nc khi bt mi c phun ln li Tm chn bin: l hai tm chn hai bn li ngn khng cho dng bt trn qua hai bn, v khng ch kh giy theo yu cu cn xeo Sut li : l nhng l nh quay t do, c nhim v li khi tm li chuyn ng trn bn li. Cc sut li cng c tc dng thot nc t tm bt t khi tm bt t i qua cc sut ny nh p sut chn khng c to thnh khi tm li v sut li tch khi nhau. chn khng ny tng khi vn tc tng v ngc li Tm gt nc: l nhng tm lm bng s c b mt rng khong 5-10cm, t hi nghing vi b mt limt gc 0.5- 3 . Tm gt thay th cho sut li Trc bng: l l nm cui b phn li. C hai nhim v chnh + Truyn ng cho ton b h thng my xeo + tng thm kh cho tm giy khi sang b phn p m ng nhim v truyn ng cho b phn li th trc bng phi l trc ln, bn, ni trc tip vi motor truyn ng m ng nhim v lm tng kh cho tm giy th trong rut ca trc bng ngi ta thit k cc khoang ht chn khng. B mt trc bng c khoang nhiu l thc hin qu trnh ht chn khng, ng knh cc l khong 5,5mm.

. My xeo trn (Cylinder Papermachine): My xeo trn l loi my xeo sn xut giy m t giy c hnh thnh trn b phn li xeo l mt hay nhiu l li hnh tr rng, c t nm ngang trong mt bn li (thng li). Khi l li quay, bng giy s c hnh thnh trn l li ny. My xeo trn nhiu l li thch hp cho vic sn xut cc loi giy c nhiu lp (nh giy bao b nhiu lp), my xeo trn mt l li thch hp cho sn xut cc loi giy mng (giy Tissue, giy bao gi thc thm,). 2. Nguyn tc hot ng ca my xeo trn: L li c t ngp mt phn trong thng li. Khi l li quay s n dng bt t thng u cha huyn ph bt long. Do chnh lch p sut gia bn trong v bn ngoi l li m mt phn nc t dng bt s thot qua l li vo trong khoang rng ca l li, cn x si s bm trn mt li, nh vy bng giy t c hnh thnh trn mt l li. Khi phn l c bng giy i ra khi vng nhn dng bt th bng giy t c p v dnh sang chn dn giy qua cc cng on p v sy kh tip theo. u im chnh ca my xeo trn l: - Thun tin dng sn xut cc loi giy bao b nhiu lp, nng ng khi cn thay i mt hng (khi cn thit c th lp thm hoc b bt l li cho ph hp vi mc ch s dng ca nh my). - Chim din tch t hn so vi my xeo di. - Cc chi tit my d ch to, thay th, my xeo d vn hnh v gi thnh tng i r. Nhng nhc im chnh ca my xeo trn l: - Do cc x si ch yu phn b theo chiu dc ca bng giy hay l chiu quay ca l li trong thng li nn s an dt ca x si km, dn n bn c l ca giy theo chiu ngang thng thp hn theo chiu dc. - Tc ca my xeo trn chm hn hn so vi my xeo di v my xeo li i nn nng sut thp. Ngy nay tuy thit k c nhng my xeo trn c tc cao hn trc nhiu, nhng do tc dng ca lc ly tm nn tc my xeo trn b gii hn tc 500 mt/pht.

Tao hnh: L qu trnh hnh thnh t giy t: Nang nong o thung au la 0.2%( giy tissue) 0.7%(giy carton) moi phun len en 18-22% tai hop hut. Cac ieu chnh thung au: + o h moi phun + Goc phun + Ap lc thung au: (phai on nh) ieu chnh toc o bot / van toc may. Toc o cua bot la tot nhat + Nong o: o h moi lam thay oi nong o dung dch bt ln li

B phn p
Sau khi b phn li kh ca tm giy t khong 18-22%, n s d9c tip tc a vo b phn p ca my xeo. .1 Nhim v chnh ca b phn p l: - Ep vt cng bc c cng nhiu cng tt lng nc c trong tm giy gim bt lng nc cn lm kh trong khu sy tip theo v lm kh bng phng php p th r hn nhiu so vi lm kh bng phng php sy. - Ci thin b mt t giy, xa b vt li trn tm giy - Tng cht ca t giy, lm tng din tch tip xc gia cc b mt s si, kt qu lm tng c bn c l ca t giy. Yu cu v cht lng hot ng ca b phn p: - Lng nc thot ra ca giai on p cng nhiu cng tt m khng ph hy n kt cu ca t giy. - m ng u trn ton b bng giy c theo chiu dc v chiu ngang. - a bng giy t cp p ny qua cp p khc phi an ton, khng lm nhn hoc rch giy. .2 s thot nc trong qu trnh p. Tm giy thng t trn tm chn khi i qua khe gia hai l p.Lc p gia hai l p c tc dng vt p cng bc nc thot ra t tm giy. Nc thot ra t tm giy s b chn len ht. Sau khi dn tm giy i qua vng p th tm giy v chn cn c tch ring ra cng nhanh cng tt trnh hin tng nc li b thm ngc tr li t chn vo tm giy , sau chn p c phun nc lm sch ri c ht chn khng lm kh trc khi tip xc vi tm giy trong chu k mi. hiu qu thot nc t b phn p ph thuc vo cc yu t sau: - Lc p: lc p cng cao th lng nc thot ra cng nhiu. Nhng p lc p khng c cao qu lm ph v kt cu ca tm giy. - Tnh cht thot nc ca chn p: chn p phi lm bng vt liu mn, bn, thot nc tt ( nh len, si tng hp), chn phi sch th thot nc mi tt, chn p bn thot nc km d gy hin tng p nt lm hng giy. - thot nc ca bt giy : nghin SR cng cao th kh nng thot nc cng chm, lc p phi hn ch v tng t t trnh hin tng p nt, hoc phi tng nhit ca tm bt lm gim nht ca nc, lm cho nc d thot hn . cch ny gi l phng php p nng. .3 Cu trc ca l p : mt cp p thng bao gm hai l p : l p di v l p trn: - l p di: thng tip xc vi chn p. N thng c c bng thp, ngoi bc bng cao su hay vt liu n hi tng din tch tip xc gia hai l p, tng kh nng chu lc ca cp p. B mt ca nhng l p di ca cc my xeo hin i c th l mt trong nhng cc dng nh sau: - l p c b mt trn Khi thot nc ph thuc hon ton vo kh nng ht nc ca chn p. lm tng kh nng thot nc ngi ta c th s dng hai chn p m hai bn mt tm giy ht nc thot ra t hai pha khi i qua p. Cp p th nht trong b phn p thng s dng dng p ny.

. L p c khoan l v c ht chn khng: B mt l c nhi l khoan lm l thot nc, ng knh mi l khong 0.5cm v bn trong l c lp t cc khoan ht chn khng nh i vi trc bng. ( hnh 15.5 L p di c khoan l v c ht chn khng ) Cc l ny c ng dng trong cc trng hp p ht chn khng. Cch p ny cho cho php tng ng k kh tm giy khi i qua p. Nhng v c nhiu l nn lm gim kh nng chu lc p ca l v l p kiu ny rt t tin v chi ph gia cng ln. . L c cc khe thot nc : chiu su mi khe l o,5mm, chiu ngang khe 2,5 mm, khong cch gia hai khe khong 3,2 mm (c khong 8 khe trn mi inh theo chiu di l). Cch thit k ny gip tng ng k kh nng thot nc t tm giy sang chn v t chn sang khe ca l p, do c php tng lc tc dng ln l p. Kt qu l tng c ng k kh ca tm giy sau khi i qua l p dng ny so vi l p mt nhn. Nc t cc khe sau vng i do lc ly tm khi my xeo chy vi tc cao. Cc khe p c lm sch bng chc phun nc sau c tm gt nc lm kh b mt l trc khi tip xc vi giy trong chu trnh mi. L p kiu ny gi thnh cng r hn v bn hn hn so vi l p ht chn khng. L p trn : l ny thng tip xc vi b mt tm giy, n thng c lm bng granit hoc nhn to c gia cng nhn. Vic s dng granit lm l p trn c hai mc ch : th nht l li dng t trng cao ca tng lc p, th hai l kt cu t nhin ca granit c c im l c cc l nh li ti, trong c cha khng kh, v vy khi p mnh ln b mt giy th cc l nh ny c tc dng to thnh lp m kh, lm cho tm giy tuy b p cht nhng khng b dnh vo b mt l. i vi nhng my xeo hin i, kh giy ln ngi ta thng sn xut nhng l p trn bng vt liu thp c gia cng nhn b mt. 4 lch tm gia hai l p: l trn lun lun c t lch v pha trc mt cht so vi l di theo chiu chuyn ng ca tm giy: t lch tm nh vy nhm hai mc ch : th nht l llc p c tng ln t t trc khi t gi tr cao nht, th hai l tng din tch p, nh vy qu trnh p c n ha hn, trnh c s ph v kt cu ca tm giy trong vng p. lch tm thng khong 50-120mm. lch tm ph thuc vo ng knh l p v tc my xeo : ng knh l cng ln , tc my cng cao th lch tm cng nhiu. Trn my xeo c nhiu l p th lch tm ca cp p sau cng l nh nht. 5 Lc p: lc p trong tm giy trong khe p thng c biu th bng lc tc dng ln mt n v chiu di ca l p. Lc p ny thng trong khong 4000- 8500N/cm. S bin thin ca lc p trong khe p c biu th trong hnh. Lng nc thot ra t l thun vi din tch phn gii hn bi th ca lc p vi trc thi gian. Lc p c th p dng ty thuc vo thot nc ca bt hay ni ng hn l vo tng loi giy cn sn xut v vo v tr ca cc cp p. Lc p khi sn sut : giy in, vit cao cp( nghin cao, kh that nc nn lc p tng i nh) khong 3000-5000 N/cm; giy bao b carton ( nghin thp kh nng that nc nhanh nn c th p dng lc p ln) khong 3000N/cm. Nu lc p cao qu th gy hin tng p nt. Trong b phn p thng c ba cp p: cng cc cp p sau lc tc dng cn cng phi ln hn cc cp p trc. 6 Chn p: Chn p gi hai nhim v chnh: th nht l pha di tm giy t v dn n i vo b phn p, th hai l thm ht nc thot ra t tm giy khi i qua vng p. Do vy n cn phi bn v c kh nng thm ht tt. Chn p thng c dt bng hai lp: lp di nilon rt bn lm phn ct th dt trc to bn, sau an kt s si mn l len hoc si tng hp ln trn to b mt mn v thm ht nc t tm giy. Sau khi dn tm giy i qua vng p th tm giy v chn cn c tch ring nhau ra cng nhanh cng tt trnh hin tng nc li b thm ngc tr li t chn vo tm giy sau chn p c phun nc lm sch ri c ht chn khng lm kh trc khi tip xc vi tm giy trong chu trnh mi. 7 Cch b tr cc cp p trong b phn p:

p thun : l cch b tr thng thngnht: tm giy c chn dn theo chiu chuyn ng xui ca my vo khe p: mt trn ca tm giy tip xc trc tip vi b mt l p trn, mt di ca tm giy m lc trc tip xc vi li, nay tip xc vi chn sy. u im ca vic p dng cp p thun l d dng tin hnh, giy khng b t. Ti vng p, mt trn ca tm giy tip xc trc tip vi b mt ca l p trn nn n s c lm nhn theo nhn ca b mt l p, cn mt di ca giy lc trc tip xc vi li xeo, nay li tip xc vi chn p nn b mt km nhn hn. Nh vy nu ch p dng cc cp p thun th nhn ca hai mt t giy s khc nhau: mt trn s nhn hpn mt di, nhm khc phc nhc im ny ngi ta p dng thm cp p nghch. - p nghch ( cng ngh xeo) Trong cp p nghch, tm giy c dn theo chiu ngc tr li so vi cp p thun, nh vy lc ny mt bn kia ca tm giy s c lm nhn, vt hn ca li xeo trn tm giy s c xa i hai mt tm giy c nhn tng t nhau. 8 tng kh ca tm giy, ngoi cc cp p thng thng ngi ta c th p dng thm 3 cch sau: s dng hai chn p hai bn tm giy khi qua b phn p lm tng kh nng thot nc t tm giy vo chn. Cch p ny hay c ng dng trong nhng cp p u hoc cp p th 2 th 3 ( trng hp sn sut giy ng (.. ) 130 g/ m2 ) khi lng nc thot ra t tm giy t l nhiu. p nng: Gia nhit cho tm giy trc khi vo b phn p lm gim nht ca nc, lm cho nc d thot ra t tm giy hn. Ngi ta tnh rng c tng nhit ca tm giy 10oC th tng c kh ca tm giy khi i qua b phn 1 %. Nhit ca tm giy khi p dng phng php p nng l khong 60 -90oC .C cc cch ra nhit cho tm t l: cch th nht: dng vi phun hi nng ln b mt tm giy khi n i qua cc hm ht chn khng ca b phn li, cch th hai: cho tm giy tip xc trc tip vi b mt l nng ln( ng knh khong 3m )m bn trong c gia nhit bng hi ( p ,lc hi khong 3 atm). S dng c ch p trn m c nh = shoe press Trong c ch p ny l p trn vn l l p bnh thng v l p di c thay bng tm m c nh tm ny ln mt tm cng t c nh , bn trn tm cng l mt lp dy vt liu cht do khng thm nc c chu nn cao. Mc ch ca lp vt liu ny ln tng dung tch tip xc ca vng p ln l 25 cm theo chiu chuyn ng ca my xeo ( so vi 5-10cm cp p thng) v tng lc p ln ti gi tr 4000-40.000 N/cm ( so vi 8000 N/cm l t a trong cp p thng). Nh vy cch p ny cho php tng ic ng k lng nc thot ra t vng p v gim c hin tng p nt v lc p tuy cao nhng c phn b trong khong rng hn hn so vi kiu p thng. C ch p ny c th lm cho tm giy sau khi i qua n t ti 50% ( so vi kh khong 35-40% trong cc cp p thng). C ch p m ny thung c p dng trn cc my xeo giy c nh lng ln v lp t khu p cui cng sau khi vo sy. 9. hin tng cong trc ca cc l p v cc bin php khc phc khi l p trn, p l p di: lc p ln lm cho trc ca l p di b hi vng xung mt cht, gy ra hin tng lc p phn b khng u theo chiu ngang ca tm giy : hai bn u th lc p ln hn phn gia lo. C cc cch khc phc hin tng ny nh sau: Cch th nht: Ch to l p c phng ln gia so vi hai u crownedroll ( trung cao) Cu trc ca cc l p nh vy l b li s bin dng cong i ca truc l p khi chng chu lc p ln: lm cho lc p li c phn b u sut chiu di ca trc p. Tuy nhin phng ln ca cc l p phi c tnh ton k v nu phng nhiu qu th lc p hai u s nh hn lc p gia, nu phng t qu th hu qu ngc li . Thng thng th mc phng ln khong 1.25mm. Thit k kiu ny ch cho php ng dng trong trng hp lc p l c nh mt gi tr trn mt my xeo, v cong ca trc p l c nh. Cch th hai: bn trong l p di ngi ta thi k c ch nng bng du hoc thy lc lm sao duy tr c lc nn vn u dc theo l p mc d trc di c th b cong mt cht

Thit k ny c p dng trong trong hp lc p c th thay i khi cn sn xut nhng loi giy khc nhau, ngha l khi cong ca l p thay i ty theo lc p. Tm li: nh vy b phn p ng mt vai tr quan trng i vi cht lng v gi thnh khi sn xut giy. Nu b phn p c thit k v vn hnh tt n c th va m bo cht lng v nhnv bn c l ca t giy, va c kh nng tng kh ca giy ln c nhiu. Trong cc my xeo thng th kh ca tm giy sau khi qua b phn p t khong 30-40%. Trn cc my xeo hin i kh c th t trn 40%, thm ch l 50% . Nh vy s tit kim c lng hi ng k cn dng trong b phn sy tip theo, gp phn nng cao hiu qu kinh t trong qu trnh sn xut giy. . Cc loi p: Da vo cu trc, ngi ta chia thnh hai loi p: + p n (l cp p ch gm mt khe p) (My xeo H Nam 1 v 2) + p kp (l cp p gm nhiu khe p) (My xeo Hi Thin c 1 cp p kp) Da vo loi hnh v tnh nng, ngi ta chia thnh bn loi p: + p phng (p thng) + p chn khng: trong l p c vng ht chn khng + p ngc: lm cho hai mt ca t giy c nhn ng u + p l: p nhit 700C, lm cho t giy c b mt nhn bng C 3 my xeo carton ti nh my u s dng loi p thng. L p: L p pha trn thng l l kim loi, l hoc cht do nhng cng, l pha di thng c bc cao su. Vi loi cp p c ht chn khng th l cao su pha di l l ht chn khng. qu trnh loi nc ti b phn p c hiu qu ngi ta thng lp l p trn v l p di vi mt lch tm nht nh, ng ng tm ca l trn lun lun tip xc vi giy trc, ring trng hp l p c ht chn khng th ngc li. Chn (mn) p: chc nng ca chn p l vn chuyn bng giy i qua cc cp p, ng thi ht nc, do n cn phi c kh nng ht nc cao. Mun vy mn phi c xp tt, bn cao chu c lc khi p. Ngoi ra khng gy nh hng ti cht lng sn phm, mn p phi c mt s c tnh sau: + kch thc n nh + khng to vt + khng b x lng + kh nng bm giy tt Vn hnh mn v git mn: Sau p, mn c tch khi giy, n c un lin tc qua cc sut cng mn, dn mn, li mn, dn mn. Mt gi li mn c t pha thao tc iu chnh s n nh cho hnh trnh ca mn trong giai on p. H s dn di ca mn khong 10% so vi chiu di v vy hnh trnh ca sut cng mn c di t 1 1,5 m. Cng mn thng dng h thng bnh vt, trc vt, v da trn nguyn l ny ngi ta ch to ra cc b cng chn th cng hoc t ng ha. Sut cng mn v cc sut khc (sut li mn, sut dn mn) c ch to t vt liu bng ng, thp khng g hoc thp c bc cao su bn ngoi. Trn ng mn i c t cc hm ht chn khng nhm loi tr cc si bt con, cc ht ph gia ln trong nc khi nc i t giy vo chn. qu trnh loi tr cc tp cht bn hm ht chn khng c t trn chiu i v ca chn v pha bn kia trc n c vi phun ra. Cng c th thay hm ht chn khng bng cp p vt chn. Thay mn: u tin nng l p ln to khe h khong 30 mm, sau tho u bt ca cc sut nm pha trong mn, dng cu nng cp p ln. Tho chn my pha thao tc v ly chn ra ngoi. Trc khi lp chn mi cn phi ra sch ton b l p v cc l dn mn, dn mn, cng mn Mn mi c t ra v kim tra cc khuyt tt ca mn cng nh kim tra chiu chuyn ng ca mn. Trn mp mn c nh mi tn, mi tn ch v pha no th mn phi chuyn ng v pha (trong trng hp khng c mi tn th dng tay kim tra bng mt chiu mn chuyn ng). Sau

khi lp xong, mn phi c dn tri u ln cc sut , bt u cng nh mn v cho p vn hnh vi vn tc nh v git mn nu mn bn. Nu mn bn do du m, tt nht dng dung mi hu c git (ha cht git mn). Yu cu v cht lng hot ng ca b phn p: - Lng nc thot ra ca giai on p cng nhiu cng tt nhng vn m bo khng ph hy kt cu ca t giy. - m ng u trn ton b bng giy c theo chiu dc v chiu ngang . - a bng giy t cp p ny qua cp p khc phi an ton, khng lm nhn hoc rch giy. S thot nc trong qu trnh p: Bng giy thng c t trn tm chn dn khi i qua khe gia hai l p. Lc p gia hai l p c tc dng vt p cng bc nc thot ra t bng giy. Lng nc thot ra ny s b chn len ht, do vy sau khi dn bng giy i qua vng p th bng giy v chn cn c tch ring nhau ra cng sm cng tt trnh hin tng nc li b thm ngc tr li t chn vo giy. Sau chn p c phun nc lm sch ri c ht chn khng lm kh trc khi tip xc li vi bng giy trong chu trnh mi. Hiu qu thot nc t b phn p ph thuc vo cc yu t sau: Lc p: lc p cng cao th lng nc thot ra cng nhiu, nhng p lc p cng khng c cao qu s lm ph v kt cu ca bng giy (hin tng bng giy b p nt). Tnh cht thot nc ca chn p: chn p phi lm bng vt liu mn, bn, thot nc tt (nh len, si tng hp). Chn phi sch th thot nc mi tt, chn p bn thot nc km d gy hin tng p nt lm hng giy. thot nc ca bt giy: nghin cng cao th kh nng thot nc cng chm, lc p phi hn ch v tng t t trnh hin tng p nt, hoc phi tng nhit ca tm bt lm gim nht ca nc, lm cho nc d thot hn. Cch ny gi l phng php p nng.

B phn sy:
B phn sy c nhim v lm tip tc bay hi phn nc cn li trong tm giy bng cch s dng nhit. c hai phng php sy c p dng trong nghnh giy nh sau: - Sy bng l sy: dng nhit t hi nc p sut cao i vo cc l sy lm kh giy. Phng php ny thng c p dng nht trong cc loi giy thng thng nh :Giy in giy vit, giy bao ba carton, giy v sinh. - Sy bng l sy: l phng php khng dng l sy m dng khng kh nng thi bn trong l sy c tm giy i qua lm kh giy. Phng php ny c p dng trong mt s trng hp c bit khi sn xut cc loi giy c xp cao nh trong sn xut giy lc, sy bt giy bn thnh phm. Trong hai phng php sy trn th phng php th nht c p dng ch yu trong ngnh giy nn s c cp chi tit trong chng ny. 1 cu to v hot ng ca l sy: L sy l mt khi hnh tr nm ngang, lm bng thp c mi nhn b mt, ng knh thng trong khong 1.2-1,8m. Chiu dy ca l sy phi ng u v phi chu p lc. Hai u l c np y, c thit k cc chi tit ni vi h thng truyn ng v ni vi h thng a hi vo v thot nc ngng t ra. Nhim v ca l sy l truyn nhit t hi nc nng cha trong thn l n lp giy c p st vo b mt l, lm bay hi lng nc trong tm giy. Hi nc qu nhit p lc cao khong 2-4 kg/cm2 c a vo trong l sy, sau khi thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit vi tm giy trn mt l th hi nc s ngng t bn trong l sy, lng nc ny cn c tho ra ngoi lin tc v nu khng n s lm gim qu trnh trao i nhit. Ngi ta dng ng siphon a lng nc ny ra ngoi do chnh lch p sut gia hi nc nng bn trong l v p sut kh quyn bn ngoi l. C hai cch siphon nc ngng ra ngoi:

Khi my xeo chuyn ng vi vn tc chm ( < 400m/phut ) th lp nc ngng ng thnh mt lp lu n pha di ca l do vy ngi ta p dng dng siphon c nh ( satationary siphon). - Khi my xeo c vn tc cao (> 600m/phut ) th lp nc ngng t s lm thnh mt lp u khp xung quanh l, trng hp ny ngi ta p dng dng xiphon quay cng vi l sy (rotating siphon) lm gim tr lc truyn nhit do c lp nc c nh trn thnh l sy lm thnh khi my xeo chy vi vn tc cao, ngi ta cn thit k thm cc thanh ngang dc hnh mng nhn trong cc l sy to ra s xo trn lp nc ngng t ny, gip tng hiu qu truyn nhit. nc ngng c tho trit t l sy ra th ngi ta cn tho km theo vi nc ngng l mt lng hi da, do vy cn phi lp t thm my phn tch hi d ra khi ncngng tn dng li. Khi lng ca hi d ny chim khong 15-20% lng nc ngng t. Trung bnh lm bay hi 1 kg nc t tm giy th phi tiu tn khong 1,2-1,5 kg hi nng p lc cao. .2 Chn sy: Chn sy c nhim v p st tm giy vo b mt l lm tng hiu qu truyn nhit t l sy nng sang tm giy, ng thi lm cho tm giy c phng, nhn trong qu trnh sy.Nu khng c chn sy tm giy s b cong, phng, bin rng do hin tng co rt khi tm giy c lm kh. .3 Qu trnh bay hi nc t tm giy trong qu trnh sy: Chn sy c nhim v p st giy vo b mt l, khi t giy cn cha trn 50% l nc. Lng nc ny tn ti di hai hnh thc ch yu l: - Lng nc c trn b mt cc s si, lng nc ny l phn chnh cn gi l lng nc t do , c c dim l d bay hi trong qu trnh sy. - Lng nc nm trong cc khe nh bn trong hoc gia cc s si k st nhau, lng nc ny cn gi l lng nc lin kt, c c im l kh bay hi. Mt qu trnh sy giy gm 4 giai on. - Giai on th nht l lm nng t giy t t ln n nhit cao nht ca qu trnh sy. Khi tc bay hi t tm giy chm. Giai on ny xy ra trn 2-3 l sy u tin, mt phn lng nc t do s bay hi trong giai on ny. - Giai on hai l: tc kh khng i l giai on khi nhit sy ln n nhit cao nht ca qu trnh sy, nhit sy v tc bay hi nc t tm giy khng i trong mt khong thi gian. Trong giai on ny lng nc t do trong tm giy c bay hi ht. - Giai on 3 l giai on sy gim tc do mt phn lng nc lin kt t cc khe nh t cc s si bay hi chm hn. - Giai on bn l giai on sy kh n nh khi trong tm ch cn li lng nc lin kt su trong cc s si, khng bay hi c na v kh ca giy khng tng thm c na. th biu din mi quan h gia nhit sy c gi l kkhc tuyn sy. i vi mi loi giy khc nhau th ngi ta c khc tuyn sy khc nhau do lng nc t do v lng nc lin kt trong mi tm giy khc nhau. Nhng loi giy c nghin thp, t l lng nc t do ln, d bay hi nn tc sy cao v c th sy nhit cao m khng s giy b dp. Nhng loi giy c nghin cao, t l nc lin kt nhiu hn nn kh bay hi hn, do vy tc sy chm, cn phitng nhit sy t t v nhit cao nht ca qu trnh sy cng thp hn. Nu tng nhit nhanh qu hoc nhit sy qu cao s xy ra hin tng dp giy do hi nc thot khng kp lm ph v cu trc tm giy. 4 Cch phn b hi v cc l sy trong b phn sy. Do qu trnh sy c nhiu giai on vi tc sy khc nhau nn cc l trong b phn sy c phn b thnh tng nhm gi l nhng t sy. Mi t sy c` cng mt nhit sy trn cc l cng chung nhau mt chn sy. Phn b nh vy thun tin cho vic phn b hi vo cc l sy v iu khin r rng nhit theo cc t sy. T sy u tin thng c nhit v t ny tng ng vi qu trnh tng dn nhit ca tm giy m, t sy gia thng c nhit sy cao nht

tng ng vi giai on tc sy khng i, sau t th 3 c nhit sy gim hn so vi t gia trnh lm gin giy do y l giai on tng ng vi qu trnh gim tc bay hi, phn cui cng ca b phn sy l l lm lnh v lc ny giy t ti kh khng i. Trong l ny ngi ta khng a hi nng m a nc lnh vo ri ra. Nhim v ca l ny l lm gim nhit ca tm giy, lm cho n tr nn mm mi trc khi i sang b phn cn lng tm giy d cn lng hn. C hai cch phn b hi gia cc t sy: - Cch th nht : hi mi c a song song vo cc l sy ca t gia v t sy ny c nhit sy cao nht, sau lng hi thu hi c do tch ra t khu thot nc ngng s c tn dng b sung cng vi hi mi c a vo cc t sy u v t sy cui ca b phn sy, v cc t sy ny cn nhit thp hn. Cch phn b hi ny c u im l tn dng c lng hi d, nhng c nhc im l kh kim sot v phn b theo cch ny th lng hi vo cc t sy c lin quan ging buc vi nhau, khi thay i dng hi t mt t s lm thay i n ton b cc t khc. khc phc nhc im ny, ngi ta p dng cch phn b hi di y. - Cch th hai: mi t sy c b phn cung cp hi ring bao gm c hi mi( p lc cao ) v hi thu hi( p lc thp). Lng hi thu hi i ra t mi t sy s c tch khi nc ngng ri qua my nn kh n p sut cao, sau mi c kt hp vi hi mi ri a vo l sy u im ca cch phn b hi ny l va tn dng c lng hi thu hi, va d dng iu khin p sut hi trong tng t sy theo yu cu ca khc tuyn sy do cc t sy c c lp vi nhau v phn b hi. Cch phn b chn sy trong b phn sy: Trong b phn sy cc l sy thng c lp dt lm hai dy trn v di so le nhau, c hai cch mc chn sy trong b phn sy nh sau: Cch th nht : dng hai chn cc l sy hng trn trong cng mt t sy chung mt chn sy.cc l hng di chung mt chn sy. Cch mc ny c hai u im l: c hai mt tm giy thay phin nhau tip xc trc tip vi b mt lng ca l sy nn tm giy c nhn u hai mt, tm giy c nhng khong chuyn ng gia cc l m khng phi tip xc vi chn nn c nhng khong thong gip cho vic bay hi nc c d dng hn. Nhng c hai nhc im l: 1- nhng lc tm giy c t do chuyn ng khng c chn d gy hin tng tm giy b bp bng dn n hu qu c vt ln hoc nhu giy khi tm giy i tip vo cc vng p gia chn v l sy, 2- tm giy nu c bn km s d b t khi khng c cc chn sy khi i qua b phn sy. - Cch th hai : dng mt chn sy c mc chung cho c cc l hng trn v hng di trong mt t sy. u im ca cch mc ny l khc phc c nhng nhc im ca cch mc trn, nhng nhc im ca cch mc ny l: Tm giy ch c mt mt tip xc vi b mt nhn ca l sy nn ch c lm nhn mt mt - thng l mt c tp xc vi li xeo. - tn dng nhng u im ca hai cch mc trn th trong cc my xeo p mng cao cp, ngi ta thng kt hp s dng c hai cch mc trong cng mt b phn sy: s dng cch mc chn th hai cho nhng t sy u tin khi giy cn t, cn km bn, nh vy s trnh c hin tng t giy, v s dng cch mc th nht cho t sy gia v sau cng, nh vy s lmcho giy nhn c c hai mt v thng thong kh d dng hn trong b phn sy 5 S to thnh cc ti kh v phng php thng thong kh trong khoang giy: Khi tm giy chuyn ng t l sy ca hng trn n l sy ca hng di th khong khng gian ca tm giy, cc chn sy, l s v l dn chn s hnh thnh mt khong khng gian b bt kn go l ti kh. N tm chn lm bng vt liu kh thot kh th hi nc b tch t trong cc ti kh na lm cho giy lu kh, hiu qu sy km. Ngy nay tm chn lm bng vt liu thng kh tt, trong qu trnh chuyn ng ca ma xeo khng kh gia bn trong v bn ngai ti kh s c lu thng mt cch t nhin nh tc ng ca hai khe : mt bn ht kh vo, mt

bn p kh ra thng qua s thng thong ca chn p, v do vy khng kh m khng b tch t ti cc ti kh, nh vy m tm giy c kh nhanh hn, hiu qu sy cao hn. tng cng kh nng kh nhanh cu tm giy, ngi ta cn p dng thm hai cch thng kh sau: Cch th nht: t cc hm phun kh nng kh ti cc khe khi xy ra cc hin tng ht kh va Nh vy kh nng kh s c ht vo cc ti kh s b p ra khe bn kia, lm cho qu trnh thng thong kh tt hn, giy mau kh hn. Cch th hai: s dng cc l dn chn l l rng c cc l phun kh nng kh vo ti kh kh m trong ti kh th b p ra trong qu trnh chuyn ng ca my xeo. Nh vy s thng thong kh gi bn trong v bn ngoi ti kh c ci thin tt hn. Ngy nay ton b my xeo u c b phn sy c t trong mt khoang kn ln , bn trn c t cc chp ht u khng kh m ra v ht khng kh kh vo. Nh vy va m bo hiu qu thng thong kh tt, mau kh, v m bo an ton khi chy my . Khoang sy cn c ca c th m ln khi cn s l nhng s c bn trong khoang sy. 6. L sy Yanki : l l sy ln c ng knh khong 3,5-4,5 m, nhn cu b mt ca l cao hn hn l sy thng. L Yanki thng c s dng chuyn sn sut giy v sinh v loi giy ny mng , d t nn giy khng phi chuyn ng gia cc l do trnh c s t giy , hoc dng sn xut cc loi giy nhn mt mt. Pha trn l Yanki lun c chp chn bng kim loi phn x li nhng tia nhit lm tng hiu qa ca qu trnh sy . Khi sn xut giy v sinh th phi c dao lm nhn giy. Dao na l mt bn kim loi mng t st vo l Yanki u ra ca giy. Dao c tc dng tch lp giy mng ra khi l sy v lm nhn tm giy mng ny , lm cho tm giy tr nn xp v mm mi hn thch hp lm giy v sinh. Nu tm giy c lm nhn khi m cn cao th sau khi lm nhn tm giy s cng v th iu ny c p dng khi sn xut giy nh lng trn 40g/m2 c cn nhn dng lm khn lau tay t bt c ty trng. Nu mun sn sut tm giy mm mi phi lm nhn khi m cn li cng thp cng tt - iu ny c p dng khi sn xut cc loi giy nh lng thp khong 2025g/m2 c cn nhn lm giy v sinh , giy khn n. V th tch ca l Yankee ln nn cn phi cn thn khi bt u gia nhit cho l Yankee- phi gia nhit t t. 7. B phn gia keo b mt ngay trn my xeo. mt s my xeo c thm b phn gia keo b mt ngay trn my xeo.B phn ny nm gia b phn sy ca my xeo. N cu ta gm hai l t p st vo nhau song song thng hng theo chiu ng, chiu ngang, hoc nghing mt gc 45o bn di mi l c mng cha keo tinh bt . Khi hai l ny quay n s cun theo keo tinh bt ln b mt l v p sang b mt tm giy . Sau khi tm giy c ph lp keo tinh bt cn t n s dn tip qua phn cui ca b phn sy n khi kh. Nh c lp keo tinh bt ny m tm giy c b mt tr nn nhn hn, bn b mt cao hn, khng b s ra khi gp ma st trn b mt giy. Tnh cht bn b mt l mt tnh cht quan trng i vi loi giy in v giy photocopy. 8. b phn cn lng thng v cn lng cao cp( calender and Supercalender) Sau khi i qua b sy tm giy s c tip vo b phn cn lng. Nhim v ca b phn cn lng l lm cho b mt tm giy c nhn hn, bng hn v cht hn ( xp gim i) C hai loi cn lng: H cn lng thng : bao gm hai l xp chng kht ln nhau . Tm giy i qua khe p gia hai l s chu lc p v lc ma st trt lm cho b mt tm giy c lm nhn i. Nu c hai l u bng kim loi cn l kia b mt c ph mt lp vt liu mm nh plastic giy hoc cao su th ta c h cn ln mm. trong h thng cn ln cao cp th ngi ta lp t xen k mt l cng li k tip mt l mm. S khc bit v tc dng cn lng ca h cng v h mm l: - H cn lng cng cho ra giy c chiu di u nhau.

- H cn lng mm cho ra giy c cht u nhau. Khi s dng cn ln mm giy s c cht u nhau nn kh nng thm mc in ca giy u hn, do vy cht lng in cao hn. mt u im na ca cn lng mm l : Khi i qua cn lng mm giy khng b lng bng nh qua cn lng cng, y l iu c li cho giy in v nu giy lng qu th kh c, gy chi mt. Do vy phng php cn lng mm c ng dng sn xut cc loi giy Mat s dng cho cc s dng in cho cc sn phm in cao cp. Cc my cn lng thng th c lp t trong dy truyn my xeo. - H cn lng cao cp (cn gi l supercalender) gm nhiu l kim loi xp chng ln nhau. L u tin trn cng l l chu tc dng lc p v l cui cng di l l truyn ng l nhng l chu lc ln nht nn c ng knh c ng knh ln hn nhng l gia S cn Lng cao cp supercalender Khi cc l quay tm giy c chy qua tia p gia cc l nh lc p ma st vi b mt cc l m tm giy tr nn nhn bng v cht hn. Nhng c, trng v cng ca giy th gim do dy ca tm giy gim. lc p gia cc khe p i vi my cn lng loi thng l khong 1000-100000N/cm; i vi my cn lng cao cp vo khong 14000-30000 N/cm Trong my cn lng cao cp cc l gia c lp t xen k nhau c mt l cng th xen k mt l mm nhm cho php tng lc p v tng din tch p, tng hiu qu ca qu trnh cn lng . L cng thng l l c bng kim loi , l mm l nhng l bng kim loi ,l mm l nhng l m bn ngoi c c bc mt lp vt liu mm nh vi si, cao su,nha. My cn lng cao cp thng lp t ring bn ngoi dy chuyn my xeo (.). Tm giy sau khi i qua my cn lng cao cp thng c nhn v cht tng ln nhiu. 9. B phn cun: B phn cun l b phn chi tit cui cng ca dy chuyn my xeo. N bao gm mt li kim loi ng knh nh t nm song song v t ln mt l kim loi rng ng knh ln quay lin tc - gi l l cun. Khi li t ln l ln v quay theo l ln th tm giy th t ng cun lin tc cho n khi ng knhcun giy t c kch thc theo yu cu, ngi ta dng cu cu cun giy ra v thay li mi vo. Cac yeu to van hanh co anh hng en tieu hao hi dan say Lo say: neu be mat d giam kha mang truyen nhiet say kho kho, hi that thoat cao Chup hut am: thong gio tot, lng gio va u, tieu hao hi thap. Lng gio lu thong qua ln cung tieu hao nhiet cao Cac yeu to anh hng en qua trnh truyen nhiet t lo say qua giay: o o day lp nc ngng o S chuyen ong cua lp nc ngng qua ma sat thanh ong o S tch tu hi o Mc o ong vo can trong lo o o day cua vo lo o Vat lieu lam lo o Mc o bam ban ben ngoai lo say o Lp khong kh gia t giay va lo say, nham be mat cua t giay,o kho cua t giay Cc yu t lm tng hiu qu qu trnh sy: - Tng vn tc chuyn khng kh bng bin php thng gi - Gim p sut ring phn ca khng kh xung quanh

- Khng kh trong bung sy l nng m - Khng kh bn ngoi bung sy l kh v nhit thp.

1.Yeu cau: Giay phai csay kho vi hieu qua kinh te cao nhat (t tieu hao nang lng khong tao phong rop, nhan) 2. Lo say giay: e truyen nhiet t hi nc ti t giay, loai nguyen lieu thep pha gang c s dung e lam lo say giay. Khi tiep xuc vi t giay t, be mat gia nhiet b nguoi i va dong nhiet c truyen qua thanh lo say ra be mat ngoai cua lo ti t giay . Nhiet o pha trong cua lo say c khong che on nh bang hi (ngng tu) bao hoa . Lu lng nhiet c quyet nh bi cac yeu to: a. Ap suat hi ben trong lo say b. Chieu day cua lp nc ngng c. o day cua thanh lo say d. On nh cua t giay e. He so truyen nhiet cua lo say f. Nhiet o cua t giay T giay c ep vao lo say, b say co cau truc thoang nen lam tang hieu suat say, khi b say tiep xuc vi t giay lng nc c chuyen qua b say mot phan nho, phan ln la bay hi bi s chenh lech nhiet o gia b va giay. Qua trnh thong gio: Muc ich cua qua trnh thong gio: Thong gio la qua trnh rat can thiet trong cong nghe giay va cai thien ieu kien lao ong . o Tranh hien tng ngng tu, co tnh kinh te, tiet kiem hi say o Trang thiet b cua he thong thong gio: Phan quan trong nhat cua bo phan thong gio, thu hoi nhiet la chup hut. No la loai thiet b trum len toan bo phan say va no c bao on cach nhiet vi cng o cao III/. H THNG MY XEO TRN SN XUT GIY TISSUE TI NM GIY M XUN Ti phn xng Xeo V sinh ca nh my giy M Xun hin c 10 my xeo trn sn xut ra bn thnh phm giy Tissue gia cng thnh cc thnh phm: giy v sinh dng cun (loi thng v loi cao cp), khn giy hp, khn giy b ti, khn tic, khn y t, . - My xeo 1 n 9: l loi my xeo trn 1 l li, 1 l sy, thng sn xut ra cc bn thnh phm cho giy v sinh thng, khn tic, khn y t . - My xeo 10: l loi my xeo trn 1 l li ruot co hut chan khong, 1 lo say Yankee, thng u l kiu hm phun bt ging my xeo li di, ch sn xut ra bn thnh phm cho cc sn phm cao cp (giy v sinh v khn giy cao cp). 1. Nhim v thit b: Tiep nhan bot t cong oan nghien e san xuat ra giay theo ch tieu ky thuat cua tng loai san pham.

2. c tnh thit b: A- May xeo 1 n 9: Cong suat thiet ke: 1250 Tan/nam/may. Toc o may: 120 130 m/phut . Bo phan t: Thung cao v: 4 m3 Qui cach: dai x rong x cao (mm): 2140 x 1500 x 1310 So lng: 09 thung. Thung li: Qui cach: May:1 thung inox, 2, thung go: dai x rong x cao (mm): 2960 x 2210 x 1610 May: 3,4,5,6,8,9, thung nha: dai x rong x cao (mm): 1940 x 2120 x 1500 May:7, thung sau li: sat; thung len li: go. dai x rong x cao (mm): 3250 x 2140 x 1540 3.

1.

2.

Lo li: x L (mm):1500 x 2050 So lng: 02 Li: dai (mm) x rong (mm) x so mat (mesh ) li trong (inox) : 4710 x 2000 x 12 li gia (nilon) : 4700 x 2400 x 40 li ngoai (nilon): 4700 x 2400 x 90 x L (mm):1500 x 2066 So lng: 01 Li: dai (mm) x rong (mm) x so mat (mesh ) li trong (inox) : 4710 x 2000 x 12 li gia (nilon) : 4700 x 2400 x 40 li ngoai (nilon): 4700 x 2400 x 90 x L (mm):1500 x 2010 So lng: 01 Li: dai (mm) x rong (mm) x so mat (mesh ) li trong (inox) : 4710 x 1950 x 12 li gia (nilon) : 4700 x 2400 x 40 li ngoai (nilon): 4700 x 2400 x 90 Bo phan ep: 1. Ep li: May 3,4,7. Qui cach x L (mm): 380 x 2000 lam bang cao su mem, o cng 25-30 Shore A. May 1,2,5,6. Qui cach x L (mm): 420 x 2050 lam bang cao su mem, o cng 25-30 Shore A. May 8,9. Qui cach x L (mm): 400 x 2100 lam bang cao su mem, o cng 25-30 Shore A.

May 1,2:

May 7:

May 3,4,5,6,8,9:

2. Ep say: May 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9. Qui cach x L ( mm): 450 x 1950 So lng: 08 lo, lam bang cao su, o cng 85-90 ShoreA May 7. Qui cach x L ( mm): 450 x 2100 So lng: 01 lo, lam bang cao su, o cng 85-90 ShoreA 3.Chan len: - Vt liu: Si tong hp - Quy cach: Dai (mm) x rong (mm) x nh lng (g/m2): 24000 x 2000 x 750 - So lng: 09 cai. B phn sy: Lo say Yankee: - Lam bang vat lieu gang. - Qui cach : x L (mm) May 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9: 2500 x 1950 May 7 : 2500 x 2050 - So lng: 09 cai. B phn hon thnh: Lo cuon: - Lam bang vat lieu gang. - Qui cach :x L (mm) + May 1,2 : 800 x1950 + May 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 : 900 x 1900 + May 7 : 750 x 1900 Bo phan truyen ong: Motor chu lc: May 1,2,5: Cong suat 30KW; toc o 1470 v/ phut My 3,4,6: Cong suat 37 KW; toc o 1470 v/ phut May 8,9 : Cong suat 37 KW; toc o 1480 v/ phut May 7 : Cong suat 37 KW; toc o 1450 v/ phut Motor lo cuon: May 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9: Cong suat 4 KW; toc o 1440 v/ phut May 7 : Cong suat 3 KW; toc o 960 v/ phut Cac thiet b phu tr: Thung nh lng: Bm nc trang1: Loai li tam. May 1,3,4,5,6,8,9: Motor cong suat 15kw;toc o1460 v/phut May2 : Motor cong suat 19,5kw;toc o1470v/phut May 7 : Motor cong suat 18,5kw;toc o1470v/phut (Bm pha loang vao loc cat: May 8,9 lu lng160 m3/h h22m; cac may con lai lu lng 224m3/h h15m) Bm nc trang 2: Loai li tam

May 1,3,4: Motor cong suat 11 Kw; toc o 1450 v/phut May2,5,6: Motor cong suat 11 Kw; toc o 1740 v/phut May 7 (2 bm): Motor1 cong suat 11 Kw; toc o 1450 v/phut Motor2 cong suat 11 Kw; toc o 1760 v/phut May8,9: Motor cong suat 22 Kw; toc o 1470 v/phut Bm chan khong : + May 3,4,5,6,8,9: . Bm chan khong1(hut chan): Q=6m3/phut; 400 v/phut. Motor cong suat 7,5Kw; toc o 970 v/phut . . Bm chan khong 2(hut giay): Q=10m3/phut; 450 v/phut; 0.03Mpa. Motor: Cong suat15Kw; toc o 1460 v/phut . + May 1,2 (1 bm hut chan khong) Motor cong suat15Kw; toc o 1460 v/phut . + May 7 (1 bm hut chan khong) Motor cong suat11Kw; toc o 970 v/phut. Hom hut chan khong: + May 1,2: 02 hom hut giay, 01 hom hut chan . Than hom : Lam bang sat . Qui cach: Dai x rong x cao(mm): 2190 x 220 x 150 . Mat hom: Lam bang PVC Qui cach: dai x rong x cao(mm): 2220 x 270 x 20 + May 3,5,6: 03 hm hut giay, 02 hm hut chan . Than hom : Lam bang PVC. Qui cach: dai x rong x cao(mm): 2000 x 240 x 155 . Mat hom: Lam bang PVC Qui cach: dai x rong x cao(mm): 2200 x 200 x 30 + May 7: 03 hm hut giay, 02 hm hut chan . Than hom : Lam bang sat. Qui cach: dai x rong x cao(mm): 2200 x 165 x 160 . Mat hom: lam bang PVC Qui cach: dai x rong x cao(mm): 2200 x 175 x 25 + May 8,9: 03 hm hut giay, 02 hm hut chan . Than hom : lam bang PVC. Qui cach: dai x rong x cao(mm): 2000 x 130 x 200 . Mat hom: lam bang PVC Qui cach: dai x rong x cao(mm): 2200 x 200 x 30 + May 4: 03 hm hut giay (02 than bang sat-mat bang PVC, 01 thanmat bang PVC), 02 hm hut men bang PVC.

bang PVC kch

. Hom hut chan khong than bang sat-mat thc nh may 7. . Hom hut chan khong than-mat bang PVC kch thc nh may 6. Loc cat: 09 motor bm cao ap cong suat 1,5KW; toc o 2900v/phut Sang tron: 09 motor cong suat 15 KW; toc o 970 v/phut Quat ay hi am: Motor cong suat 375 w; toc o 1450v/phut Quat hut am: May 1,2,3,4,6,7: Motor cong suat 5,5 Kw; toc o 2970v/phut May 5: Motor cong suat 2,2 Kw; toc o 1420v/phut May 8,9: Motor cong suat 5,5 Kw; toc o 2800v/phut ap chan: May 4,5,6,7,8,9: Motor cong suat 2,2 Kw; toc o 1420v/phut May 1,2,3: khong co ong c ap chan. Cang chan: May 1,2,3: Motor cong suat 0,55; toc o 1400v/phut May 4,5,6,7,8,9 cang chan bang tay ong c ay can ra li: May 1,2,7: Motor cong suat 0,75kw; toc o 910v/phut May 4,5,6: Truyen ong t lo li May 8,9: Piston May 3: cha lap Bm nc cao ap ra li: 02 motor cong suat 22 Kw; toc o 2900 v/phut (s dung chung 09 may) Bm nc cao ap ra men: 02 motor (s dung chung cho 09 may) Motor 1. Cong suat 15 Kw; toc o 2930 v/phut Motor 2. Cong suat 11 Kw; toc o 2930 v/phut Be cha bot: 05 be; V=80m3 Qui cach: dai x rong x cao (mm): 5000 x 5000 x 4500.

Bm bot: May 1,2,5,6: Motor cong suat 4 Kw; toc o1440 v/phut. May3,4,8,9: Motor cong suat 3 Kw; toc o1420 v/phut. May 7: Motor cong suat 3 Kw; toc o1420 v/phut. ong c khuay: May 1,2,3,4,5,6: Motor cong suat 15 Kw; toc o1460 v/phut. May7: Motor cong suat 22 Kw; toc o1470 v/phut. May 8,9: Motor cong suat 15 Kw; toc o1460 v/phut. May cau giay: Motor cong suat 5 HP; toc o 1450 v/phut He thong pha chat phan tan: + Be pha: V= 7,13 m3.gom 02 phan. Phan tru : x h = 1,67 x 3,03. V= 6,63 m3 Phan chop ay : V= 0,50 m3

Canh khuay : motor cong suat 15 kw; toc o 1400 v/phut + Be cha : x h = 2 x 3,2. V= 10 m3. + Be dung : x h = 1,3 x 1,5. V= 2 m3. 3. Ch tiu k thut: San xuat giay ve sinh, giay khan cac loai nh lng :20-24 g/m2 Van toc may: 120 -130 m/phut Nong o bot len li: 0,1 -0,2% Tr so pH: 7,0 - 7,2 o kho sau say: 92 - 94% B- My xeo 10: . . . 3. Ch tiu k thut: - Chung loai san pham: +, giay ve sinh cuon +, giay khan an - nh lng: 13 22g/m2. - Kho giay: 2415mm ; Kho li: 2425 mm - San lng: 20.422 kg/ ngay - Toc o lam viec: theo Thiet ke: 500 m/ phut - Nang lng tong: 1880 KW. - o kho: - Trc cong oan ep: 17 20 % - Trc cong oan say: 38 42 % - Sau cong oan say: 93 _96 % - Thi gian chay may hu hieu : 22,5 h. - Hieu qua san xuat: 96 % - T le thu hoi san pham: 95 % III/. QUY TRNH THAO TC MY XEO 1. An toan lao ong: Kiem tra so giao ca, may moc thit b Cam xt nc vao cac motor, cau dao, cong tac ien. Khong c ng gan, chay nhay, bc qua cac truc truyen ong cac day curoa, khong c chui vao gam may, khong cho tay vao cac truc ep, truc dan chan, lo cuon giay khi may ang hoat ong. Khong e dau m dnh vao chan, li. Khong c lam viec rieng va bo may khi may ang hoat ong. Khi thao tac ong, m may phai thc hien ung qui trnh thao tac cua may. Khi sa cha phi treo bin bo ti t iu khin 2. Quy trnh thao tac:

1. 2.

3.

Chuan b chay may: Kiem tra toan bo he thong may xeo. Kiem tra toan bo thiet b lien quan: He thong kh nen, Ve sinh toan bo khu vc may. Lien he vi cac bo phan hi, nc, bot, hoa chat. Thao tac chay may: Xt nc lm t eu chan len. Ha lo ep li. ong cau dao chnh. M cong tac ong c lo say, chay lo say toc o 24-26 m/p. M nc git chan va ap chan neu chan ban. Xa het nc ngng tren ng ong hi. M van hi t t vao lo say en ap lc hi theo yeu cau cong nghe: 2-3 bar. a dao co v sinh l p vo l sy Cang chan en mc yeu cau. ieu chnh lo ep bng en ap lc yeu cau khoang 0,30,6 MPa Tang toc o lo say 120-130 m/phut. Chy bm hut chan khong Chy sang ap lc, m van xa kh. Chy bm pha long lc ct ong Van xa kh va ieu chnh ap lc M van nc sach vao thung cao v, i cho en khi nc ay thung li, tran ra ngoai thung li, ong van lai .M bm nc trang 2. Chy bm bot len thung iu tit va ieu chnh van bot cho en khi at nh lng yeu cau. M van chat phan tan. M quat hut-ay cabo. a dao to chun ap vao lo say. Chy l cun Kiem tra cac ch tieu cong nghe, giay ra at yeu cau san pham, cuon giay vao truc cuon giay. Thao tac ngng may: Ngng may bnh thng : Tat bm bot, ong van cung cap chat phan tan. ng van hi vo l sy Ngng lo cuon. Chay lu trnh thng u vi nc trang khoang 10-15 phut, tat bm loc cat, tt sng p lc Giat sach chan. Tat quat hut, quat ay cabo. ong van phun nc ra chan Tat bm hut chan khong. Tat ap chan. X lo ep bng.

4.

Xa chung chan. Nang lo ep li. X y thng u Ngng may do mat ien ot xuat hoac co s co: X l ep sy. Kha hi ,kha nc, khoa van hoa cht, xa chn. V sinh, giao ca: V sinh cng nghip phai uc duy tr thng xuyn, ni lam vic phai lun sach se. Lun lun theo di tnh trang may moc thit bi, ghi nht k tnh trang may moc trong ca va ban giao ca y u r rang. Cun giy: Giy sau khi ra khi l Yankee th c vo l cun, cun thnh nhng cun ln (gi l cun m). Cc cun ny c gi l cu bn thnh phm, nu t cc ch tiu cht lng s c nhp kho v chuyn sang gia cng ti phn xng thnh phm

QUY TRNH VN HNH MY XEO 2&3 1. Chuan b chay may: Nhan ban giao thiet b, xem ro so giao ca va lenh san xuat. Kiem tra cac thiet b phu tr: tu ien, ong c, may nen kh, chan khong, van cao ap, van hi ... Trc khi chay may, may phai c an toan va ve sinh sach se. Kiem tra he thong bm, sang, loc. Kiem tra bien li con tot khong? Co ung kho giay e san xuat khong? li co b lung, d khong? Bo nc cu, neu d, bo sung nc mi. Kiem tra cac chan, bat, truc dan, truc ep. Kiem tra cac lo lai chan. Kiem tra cac voi phun ra. Kiem tra, ve sinh ep quang. Bao cac bo phan cap ien, hi, nc, bot. Trc khi khi ong khong c ep dao cao. 2. Thao tac may: a. Chay may khong tai: M may nen kh. Lam t chan len (tuyet oi khong lam t bat say). Cang tat ca cac chan vi sc cang va phai va ieu chnh cho ngay ngan.

Ha ep li. Ha ep vat chan. Ha ep a 1. Ha ep a 2. Ha ep a 3. ong cau dao tong. Khi ong cum truyen ong I gom lo li (1+2+3) va lo ep a (1+2+3) vi van toc30-35 m/phut Khi ong cum truyen ong II gom 1 cap ep pho thong vi toc o30-35 m/phut Khi ong cum truyen ong III gom lo say 1( lo yankee) vi toc o 30-35 m/phut. Sau o ep ep bung vi lc ep 0,1- 0,2 Mpa. Xa nc ngng van tong, ch het nc ngng, ong van, ,m van bypass, m t t van cap hi vao lo say xa trc tiep,ch het nc ngng,m ng xa nc ngng qua bay hi, ong van bypass, ieu chnh ap lc hi cap vao lo say. M bm trung ap ra chan. M bm cao ap cho ra li. M bm chan khong. M quat hut, ay hi am. Gia nhiet cho lo say 1 vi ap lc toi a 0,3 MPa. Khi ong truyen ong IV gom 6 lo say vi toc o 30-35m/phut, qui trnh lay hi nh lo Yankee. Cap hi cho 6 lo say: 0,02-0,3 Mpa cho tuy tng lo. Kiem tra tong quat toan bo he truyen ong, kiem tra ap lc hi cac lo say va ieu chnh ap lc ep: Ep li: 0-0,4 Mpa Ep a 1: 0,1-0,2 Mpa Ep a 2: 0,1-0,2 MPa Ep a 3: 0,2-0,3 MPa Ep pho thong: 0,4-0,5 MPa Ep lo say 1: 0,5-0,6 MPa Chay ep quang, chuan b lo cuon. Tang toc o may len 50-70 m/phut, tuy theo nh lng giay. b. May chay co tai Chay 1 bm nc thu hoi (WW2). Chay 2 sang ap lc. Chay 2(3) bm pha loang (fanpump).

Chay 2(3) bm nc trang (WW1). Chay bm loc cat cap 2. Sau khi can bang nc on nh tien hanh cap bot. Chay 2(3) bm bot. Tuy mat hang san xuat may xeo 3 e bo tr chay sang ap lc, cac bm cho hp ly. Kiem tra ap lc cua cac thiet b va ieu chnh: Loc cat: . Ap lc vao: 0,2- 0,4 MPa . Chenh ap gia au vao va ra: 0,1-0,2 MPa. Sang ap lc: . Ap lc vao 0,8- 0,1 MPa. . Chenh ap gia au vao va ra: 0,02-0,04 MPa. ieu chnh o chan khong cac hop hut cho hp ly. Bat giay t cum truyen ong 1 cum truyen ong 2 cum truyen ong 3 cum truyen ong 4 ep quang lo cuon. Kiem tra giay, at chat lng bat giay vao lo cuon. 3. Thao tac ngng may: a. Ngng may bnh thng: Tat bm cap bot len xeo. Ch cho het bot, thao ca xa bot. Khoa van hi cac lo say. Tat quat hut am. Tat bm pha loang, bm nc trang, bm thu hoi nc ra chan, bm loc cat cap Tat sang tron. Tat ep quang, lo cuon. Xa ep say 1. Giam toc o may 20 -25 m/phut, lam ve sinh may, giat chan, ra li. Tat bm chan khong. Tat ep a 3, nang 3 ep a va lo ep li, ep vat chan. Dng may nen kh. Dng cac lo say. Khoa cac van nc. Ngat cong tac tong. Bao ngng cap ien, hi . b. Mat ien ot xuat: Xa ep truc ep bung lo say 1 va cac ep a.

Khoa van hi vao lo say. Thao ca xa bot cua thung li. Ngat cong tac tong. Khi co ien tr lai, ve sinh lai thung li, chan len va tien hanh lap lai thao tac m may nh ban au, neu mat ien lau phai nang cac truc ep li, lam ve sinh may, giat chan, ra li bang nc ve sinh, xa chung chan,. Khoa cac van nc. c. Khi co s co: Nhan nut ngng may khan cap Ngat cong tac tong. Xa truc ep bung lo say 1 va cac ep a. Khoa van hi vao cac lo say. Thao ca xa bot cua thung li.

0 2. Chuan b chay may:

Nhan ban giao thiet b, xem ro so giao ca va lenh san xuat. Kiem tra cac thiet b phu tr: tu ien, ong c, may nen kh, chan khong, van cao ap, van hi ... Trc khi chay may, may phai c an toan va ve sinh sach se. Kiem tra he thong bm, sang, loc. Kiem tra bien li con tot khong? Co ung kho giay e san xuat khong? li co b lung, d khong? Bo nc cu, neu d, bo sung nc mi. Kiem tra cac chan, bat, truc dan, truc ep. Kiem tra cac lo lai chan. Kiem tra cac voi phun ra. Kiem tra, ve sinh ep quang.

 Bao cac bo phan cap ien, hi, nc, bot. Trc khi khi ong khong c ep dao cao. 4. Thao tac may: c. Chay may khong tai: M may nen kh. Lam t chan len (tuyet oi khong lam t bat say). Cang tat ca cac chan vi sc cang va phai va ieu chnh cho ngay ngan. Ha ep li. Ha ep vat chan. Ha ep a 1. Ha ep a 2. Ha ep a 3. ong cau dao tong. Khi ong cum truyen ong I gom lo li (1+2+3) va lo ep a (1+2+3) vi van toc30-35 m/phut Khi ong cum truyen ong II gom 1 cap ep pho thong vi toc o30-35 m/phut Khi ong cum truyen ong III gom lo say 1( lo yankee) vi toc o 30-35 m/phut. Sau o ep ep bung vi lc ep 0,1- 0,2 Mpa. Xa nc ngng van tong, ch het nc ngng, ong van, ,m van bypass, m t t van cap hi vao lo say xa trc tiep,ch het nc ngng,m ng xa nc ngng qua bay hi, ong van bypass, ieu chnh ap lc hi cap vao lo say. M bm trung ap ra chan. M bm cao ap cho ra li. M bm chan khong. M quat hut, ay hi am. Gia nhiet cho lo say 1 vi ap lc toi a 0,3 MPa. Khi ong truyen ong IV gom 6 lo say vi toc o 30-35m/phut, qui trnh lay hi nh lo Yankee. Cap hi cho 6 lo say: 0,02-0,3 Mpa cho tuy tng lo. Kiem tra tong quat toan bo he truyen ong, kiem tra ap lc hi cac lo say va ieu chnh ap lc ep: Ep li: 0-0,4 Mpa Ep a 1: 0,1-0,2 Mpa Ep a 2: 0,1-0,2 MPa Ep a 3: 0,2-0,3 MPa

Ep pho thong: 0,4-0,5 MPa Ep lo say 1: 0,5-0,6 MPa Chay ep quang, chuan b lo cuon. Tang toc o may len 50-70 m/phut, tuy theo nh lng giay. d. May chay co tai Chay 1 bm nc thu hoi (WW2). Chay 2 sang ap lc. Chay 2(3) bm pha loang (fanpump). Chay 2(3) bm nc trang (WW1). Chay bm loc cat cap 2. Sau khi can bang nc on nh tien hanh cap bot. Chay 2(3) bm bot. Tuy mat hang san xuat may xeo 3 e bo tr chay sang ap lc, cac bm cho hp ly. Kiem tra ap lc cua cac thiet b va ieu chnh: Loc cat: . Ap lc vao: 0,2- 0,4 MPa . Chenh ap gia au vao va ra: 0,1-0,2 MPa. Sang ap lc: . Ap lc vao 0,8- 0,1 MPa. . Chenh ap gia au vao va ra: 0,02-0,04 MPa. ieu chnh o chan khong cac hop hut cho hp ly. Bat giay t cum truyen ong 1 cum truyen ong 2 cum truyen ong 3 cum truyen ong 4 ep quang lo cuon. Kiem tra giay, at chat lng bat giay vao lo cuon. 5. Thao tac ngng may: a. Ngng may bnh thng: Tat bm cap bot len xeo. Ch cho het bot, thao ca xa bot. Khoa van hi cac lo say. Tat quat hut am. Tat bm pha loang, bm nc trang, bm thu hoi nc ra chan, bm loc cat cap Tat sang tron. Tat ep quang, lo cuon. Xa ep say 1. Giam toc o may 20 -25 m/phut, lam ve sinh may, giat chan, ra li.

Tat bm chan khong. Tat ep a 3, nang 3 ep a va lo ep li, ep vat chan. Dng may nen kh. Dng cac lo say. Khoa cac van nc. Ngat cong tac tong. Bao ngng cap ien, hi . b. Mat ien ot xuat: Xa ep truc ep bung lo say 1 va cac ep a. Khoa van hi vao lo say. Thao ca xa bot cua thung li. Ngat cong tac tong. Khi co ien tr lai, ve sinh lai thung li, chan len va tien hanh lap lai thao tac m may nh ban au, neu mat ien lau phai nang cac truc ep li, lam ve sinh may, giat chan, ra li bang nc ve sinh, xa chung chan,. Khoa cac van nc. c. Khi co s co: Nhan nut ngng may khan cap Ngat cong tac tong. Xa truc ep bung lo say 1 va cac ep a. Khoa van hi vao cac lo say. Thao ca xa bot cua thung li.

H THNG NC TRNG VA S LY GIY T, PH

H thng thu hi nc trng: Nc trng l nc thot ra t bng giy t thu hi c phn di ca b phn li trn l li ca my xeo trn. Nc trng c cha x si mn v nhng cht ph gia c trong thnh phn bt giy. Nc trng c thu hi v s dng li trong h thng my xeo nhm mc ch tit kim nc v tn dng nhng thnh phn c trong nc trng xeo giy (tit kim mt phn nguyn liu v ha cht). Ti phn xng xeo v sinh ca nh my, h thng thu hi nc trng l cc b cha c t ngay cnh thng li ca mi l li trong h thng my xeo. X l giy t v giy ph: Mi khi t giy trong qu trnh xeo t khu t n khu kh, hoc khi c cun giy khng t cht lng (giy ph), th ton b lng giy ny cn phi c thu hi v x l ngay ti h thng x l giy t trong dy chuyn my xeo thu hi bt giy nhm tit kim nguyn liu. Nhim v ca qu trnh x l ny l nh ti cc phn giy hng ra thnh bt phn tn tht u s dng li cho sn xut giy. C nhiu loi my nh ti nh: my nghin thy lc (l loi my ang c s dng ti nh my M Xun), ... Giy hng sau khi nh ti c quay li dy chuyn sn xut trc cng on sng chn.