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GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

Mc Lc:
Mc Lc:..................................................................................................................... 1

A.

Li m u:
Ngy nay, khi khi i sng con ngi ngy cng c ci thin th vic s dng bp gas v cc sn phm ca gas lm nhin liu un nu khng phi l mt vic xa l vi hu ht mi ngi dn. Bn cnh vic tin li ca gas, mt vn khc cng c t ra l vn v an ton khi s dng gas. Khi con ngi tip xc trc tip vi kh gas (vt qu mt nng cho php nht nh) trong thi gian th rt d b ng c gas v c th gy t vong. Khng nhng vy kh gas r r vo trong khng kh c th d dng bt la v gy chy n, nh hng nghim trng ti an ton ca ngi s dng cng nh nhng ngi xung quanh. V vy, vn pht hin v x l s c r gas l mt vic rt cn thit vi ngi thng xuyn s dng gas. c bit l cc bn sinh vin thng s dng cc bnh gas mini khng m bo cht lng, c th r r gas bt c khi no. c s t vn v hng dn ca thy, em nhn thy y l mt ti hay, c tnh ng dng cao v c th pht trin nn em chn ti ny lm ti chnh trong n mn hc I.

B.

S khi:

GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

I. Nhn bit:
Dng cm bin nhn bit s xut hin ca kh gas trong khng kh. C th y em dng cm bin kh gas MQ6. Tn hiu ng ra ca khi nhn bit s c a vo x l khi x l.

II. X l:
Tn hiu ng ra Vo ca MQ6 s c a qua ADC 0804 chuyn i thnh tn hiu s. Tn hiu s c a vo vi x l (AT89c51), vi x l s phn tch v so snh d liu vo vi cc gi tr c tnh ton sn v quyt nh a ra bo ng nhng mc khc nhau vi nhng nng kh gas trong khng kh khc nhau, ty theo mc nguy him ca chng. Tn hiu bo ng s c gi n khi bo ng.

III. Bo ng:
Dng ci 5v v cc n LED. Khi c hin tng r gas xy ra th cc n LED s sng, khi nng gas t ti mc nguy him th ci s h cng vi bo sng ca cc n LED. Ty vo mc r gas th h thng bo ng s bo mt mc khc nhau ngi pht hin c th tm cch x l thch hp.
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GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

S dng cc n LED bo ng phng trng hp xung quanh c cc ting n, m thanh ca ci c th khng bo ng v ngi s dng nhn bit c mc nguy him ca s c thng qua cc LED sng.

C.Thit k v thi cng : I. Linh kin:


1) MQ6:
a. Hnh dng thc t:

MQ6 l cm ng kh gas s dng SnO2 , da vo s thay i kh nng dn in ca SnO2 khi nng kh gas v cc cht kh d chy khc thay i. Khi nng cng tng th dn in s cng tng, in tr ca cm bin gim.

b. S cu to v cch mc:

GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

in p ly ra trn chn A (hoc B) ca cm bin ging nh in p ly ra cu phn p. in tr Rs ca cm bin thay i lm cho gi tr in p trn u ra ny thay i, ty thuc vo nng kh gas trong khng kh ni t cm bin m ta c cc gi tr Vout khc nhau. in tr RL c chn nm trong khong t 10K n 20K. c. Cc thng s cn bit: Biu ch s ph thuc ca Rs vo nng kh gas v nhit mi trng

GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

R0: in tr cm bin 20oC, 1000ppm, 65%RH

Tm o nng gas: 300ppm 10000ppm (ppm: part per milion) RH= 33 5% gi tr o c l RH = 30 PH900mW RS=RAB= 10K - 60K (1000ppm LPG ) Rs(in air)/Rs(1000ppm C3 H8 )5 Theo mch, o c RS=15 K (in air) Theo th ta thy: in tr ca cm bin trong khng kh iu kin bnh thng gp 10 ln 1000ppm suy ra in tr RS 1000ppm khong 1,5K. 2000ppm Rs = 0.7x1,5 = 1,05 K

2) ADC0804: S chn:

CS: chn chn chip, tch cc mc thp.

GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

RD: Tn hiu vo tch cc mc thp. Khi c tn hiu vo t 1 xung 0 gi n chn RD (CS=0) th d liu 8 bit c a ti ng ra (D0 D7). WR: Tn hiu vo tch cc mc thp, khi c tn hiu vo t 1 xung 0 gi n chn WR (CS=0) th bt u qu trnh chuyn i gi tr Vin. INT: Tn hiu ra tch cc mc thp, sau khi qu trnh chuyn i hon tt, INT c chuyn xung mc 0. Vin+ v Vin-: u vo tng t vi sai. Thng th Vin- c ni xung t.

AGND : analog GND. t ca tn hiu analog.

DGND : digital GND. t ca tn hiu digital. Thng th AGND, DGND v Vin- c ni chung vi nhau v ni vi mass ca mch. D0 D7: tn hiu digital u ra. Vcc: chn ngun nui. Thng s dng ngun 5V. Vref/2: Chn in p tham chiu, nu chn ny h th in p tham chiu trong khong 0 Vcc. CLK R v CLK IN : s dng to thi gian, thng c mc vi s nh hnh v. f=

GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

nu chn R=10 K v C=150pF th f=606 Hz v thi gian chuyn i l 110us. 3) AT89c51: L chip vi x l thuc h 8051. y l loi chip d tm trn th trng, v gi kh phi chng, ph hp vi yu cu ca mch. Dng ln nht mt chn port c th xut ra l 10mA. Tng dng ln nht port 0 chu c l 26mA Tng dng ln nht port 1, port 2, port 3 c th chu mi port l 15mA. Tng dng tt c cc port c th chu ng thi l: 71mA

p mc cao nh nht xut ra cc port : 2.4 V

4) C1815:

khi ch bo ha: Icmax = 150mA


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GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

VBE = 0.8 V hfemin = 70


5) Tr v t in v LED v ci:

Tr gm c: 10K, 220 Ohm, 390 Ohm T gm c: 10uF, 33pF, 151pF


LED : LED . Ci : chn ci 5V, tr o c l 300 ohm. Dng m bo ci c th ku bnh thng khong 16mA.

II. S nguyn l:
1) S :

2) Thit k:

GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

Vi MQ6 v ADC0804, ta mc theo datasheet ca nh sn xut, ngoi ra: ADC0804: Chn RD ni vi port P2.0 Chn WR ni vi port P2.1 Chn INT ni vi port P1.3 T ni vi chn CLK IN c dng l t 151pF MQ6: Chn Rout l 10 K

RH = 30 ohm

8051: Port P0 ni vi D0 D7 ca ADC0804. Chn reset c ni nh hnh v vi C = 10uF, R = 10K.

Cc LED c ni vi in tr 390 Ohm trc khi ni t gii hn dng. Ci c ni qua transitor C1815, C1815 c dng ch bo ha. Khi c mt tch cc mc cao c a ra P2.7 (3V 5V). transitor hot ng ch bo ha th : IB

= 150/ 70 = 2.2mA

IB=

Rb =

720 Ohm

GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

Chn Rb = 220 Ohm mch lun hot ng ch bo ha khi c tn hiu tch cc mc cao c a ra chn P2.7 Thch anh chn loi thch anh 11.0592 Mhz Tr thanh chn loi 4.7K Tr khng vo ca mch: V RH = 30 Ohm cc thnh phn cn li c tr khng vo rt ln khi nhn vo hai u ngun nn tr khng vo ca mch l khong 30 Ohm. Thc t o c Rin = 30 ohm. Nh vy, cng sut ca mch l : P= U2/R = 0.83 (w) I = U/R = 0.17 (A) 3) Mch in:

III. Chng Trnh:


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GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

1) Tnh ton: Nng kh gas trong khng kh mc trn 1000 ppm l c th gy nguy him. Bi vy, mch s a ra tn hiu cnh bo 500 ppm nhm ngi s dng c th pht hin v c nhng bin php x l kp thi trc khi s c tr nn nguy him. in p ra ng ra ca MQ6 c xc nh bng cng thc : Vout =

x5

Cm bin s nhn in p ra ca MQ6 so snh vi in p chun ( 5V ), sau chuyn thnh s nh phn 8bit trc khi a n ng ra, gi tr thp phn ca s nh phn 8bit sau khi chuyn i c xc nh bng cng thc A= 500ppm Rs = 1.5x1.5=2.25K Gi A l gi tr ng ra ca ACD A = 10x255 / (10 + 2.25) = 208 600ppm Rs = 1.4x1.5 = 2.1 K A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.8) = 211 700ppm Rs = 1.3x1.5 = 1.95 K A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.8) = 213 800 ppm

Rs = 1.2x1.5 = 1.8 K

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GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.8) = 216 1000ppm: A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.5) = 221 1300 ppm Rs = 0.9x1.5 = 1.35 K A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.35) = 224 1800ppm Rs = 0.8x1.5 = 1.2 K A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.8) = 228 2000ppm Rs = 0.75x1.5 = 1.125K A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.2) = 230 2500ppm Rs = 0.65x1.5 = 0.975 K A = 10x255 / (10 + 0.975) = 232 3000ppm Rs = 0.6x1.5 = 0.9 K A = 10x255 / (10 + 0.75) = 235

4000 ppm

Rs = 0.5x1.5 = 0.75 K A = 10x255 / (10 + 0.75) = 239

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GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

2) Chng trnh:

ORG INT RD1 WR1 LED1 LED2 LED3 LOA MAIN:

0000H BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT P1.3 P2.0 P2.1 P2.5 P2.6 P2.7 P2.4

MOV MOV MOV LAP: CLR MOV DJNZ CLR MOV DJNZ MOV SETB
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b,#0 A,#0F0H P2,A

WR1 R1,#200 R1,$ RD1 R1,#20 R1,$ A,P0 INT

GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

SETB SETB CJNE AJMP KT

RD1 WR1 A,B,LAM

LAM: MOV CLR CLR CLR CLR CJNE JC SETB CJNE JC SETB CJNE JC SET CJNE JC SETB CLR
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B,A LED1 LED2 LED3 loa A,#208,$+3 KT LED1 A,#211,$+3 KT LED2 A,#213,$+3 KT BLED3 A,#216,$+3 ;BAT LOA KT LOA LED3

GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

CLR CLR CJNE JC SETB CJNE JC SETB CLR CJNE SETB CJNE SETB CLR CLR CJNE JC SETB CJNE JC SETB CLR CJNE JC
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LED2 LED1 A,#221,$+3 KT LED1 A,#224,$+3 KT LED2 LED1 A,#228,$+3 LED1 A,#230,$+3 LED3 LED2 LED1 A,#232,$+3 KT LED1 A,#235,$+3 KT LED2 LED1 A,#239,$+3 KT

GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

SETB KT: MOV LAP1: MOV DJNZ DJNZ AJMP END

LED1

R1,#50

R2,#100 R2,$ R1,LAP1 LAP

IV. Mch thc t: 1) Mt trc:

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GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

2) Mt sau:

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GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

V. S dng :
1) Cng dng: Mch s dng bo s c r gas, c th dng cc h gia nh, phng tr, cc ca hng bn gas v mt s ni d b r gas khc. Nng o: o T 500 4000ppm vi kh gas thng.
o o

T 1000 10000 ppm vi CH4. Nhit t -100C 500C.

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GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

2) Ch : Lp mch gn ni c kh nng xy ra r r gas ln nht. khng nn nc hoc cc cht lng khc ri vo mch, c bit l ri vo cm bin. Sau mt thi gian lm vic khong 2 ngy th nn mch ch ngh khong 5 pht. Khi c bo ng xy ra th cn tm cch khc phc s c kp thi: Nu n bo sng v ci cha h th ch tm cch khc phc li r gas, v d nh kha van an ton ca gas, mang bnh gas ra ni kh ro, thong mt v t ngi qua li, dng qut thi kh gas khi phng. Nu ci h th ch , khng nn bc vo phng v c th gy ng c, khng dng bt c dng c nh la no hoc khng nn bt bt c cng tc no trong phng, trnh chy n xy ra.

D. Ti liu tham kho:

Sch Vi X L ca thy H Trung M.

Sch Cu Trc Ghp Ni v ng Dng Vi iu Khin ca thy Nguyn Mnh Giang. Sch K thut xung ca c Nguyn Nh Anh.

Trang http://tailieu.vn/ Trang http://www.datasheetcatalog.com Trang http://www.statistics.gov.uk V mt s trang web khc.

E. Li cm n:

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GVHD: L Anh Khoa

SVTH: Trng Xun Trung

Mc d ti v bo chy, bo r gas khng phi l mt ti mi m, cng khng phi l mt ti qu kh v phc tp nhng n cng kim tra c kin thc c bn v in t v phn nh c s vn dng kin thc hc mt cch khoa hc, tinh thn lm vic nghim tc, s tm ti hc hi, nghin cu kin thc mi ca em. Trong qu trnh thit k v thi cng, em gp khng t kh khn v kh c th hon thnh c sn phm nu khng c s hng dn chi tit v s gip nhit tnh v ch bo chu o ca gio vin hng dn l thy L Anh Khoa t khu chn ti, thit k v kim tra sn phm. Em xin chn thnh cm n s gip v ch bo ca thy trong thi gian qua. Do thi gian lm n c hn v cc kin thc lm mch ca em cha c hon chnh nn ti ca em cn mt s hn ch v thiu st. Nu c iu kin th ti c th pht trin thm hng thit k c nhiu tnh nng tt hn v hiu qu hn. Bng cch kt hp mt s thit b cn thit nh iu khin qut gi gim nng kh gas khi nng vt qu mt mc cho php no , kt ni vi in thoi khi c hin tng r gas xy ra th c th bo ng qua in thoi, t ng kha van an ton ca bnh gas sau mt thi gian khng s dng bp gas.... Sau cng, mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n thy L Anh Khoa l gio vin hng dn n mn hc I ca em gip em hon thnh n ny.

Tp H Ch Minh Ngy 24 thng 12 nm 2010 Trng Xun Trung

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