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TI : TM HIU H THNG VoIP TRN ASTERISK

SINH VIN LP N V CBHD

: Nguyn H Hi ng : 08T4 : TRNG TN GROUP : GV. Nguyn c Quang

NNG, 1/2013

LI CM N
Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin gii thiu ni thc tp v nhit tnh hng dn em trong qu trnh thc tp. Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n lnh o cng ty to iu kin, cung cp c s vt cht em c th thc tp ti cng ty. Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n thy Nguyn c Quang ging vin ca Trng Tn Group to iu kin em thc tp ti cng ty. Em cng xin gi li cm n su sc n cc anh ch nhn vin trong Trng Tn Group nhit tnh hng dn v ch bo em c c nhng kinh nghim thc t ca ngi k s cng ngh thng tin. Qua qu trnh thc tp, em thu thp c nhng kin thc v kinh nghim qu bu. Nhng kinh nghim s gip em rt nhiu trong vic thc hin lun vn tt nghip v cng vic sau ny ca em. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n tt c mi ngi tn tnh gip v to iu kin tt nht em c th hon thnh chng trnh thc tp ca mnh.

LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan : 1 2 3 Nhng ni dung trong bo co ny l do ti thc hin di s hng dn trc tip ca thy Nguyn c Quang. Mi tham kho dng trong bo co ny u c trch dn r rng tn tc gi, tn cng trnh, thi gian, a im cng b. Mi sao chp khng hp l, vi phm quy ch o to, hay gian tr, ti xin chu hon ton trch nhim. Sinh vin, Nguyn H Hi ng

MC LC
GII THIU V MNG VOIP....................................................................5
.I Gii thiu v VoIP..........................................................................................................5 .I.1. VoIP l g?...........................................................................................................5 .I.2. Phng thc hot ng.......................................................................................6 .II u im ca VoIP........................................................................................................6 .II.1. a dng tnh nng Hiu qu kinh t cao.........................................................6 .II.2. Tit kim chi ph u t VoIP............................................................................6 .II.3. D bo tr...........................................................................................................6 .II.4. Linh hot v c ng.........................................................................................7 .II.5. Nhiu tnh nng hp dn.....................................................................................7 .II.6. Kh nng qun l ton din................................................................................7 .II.7. Cng tc thi gian thc......................................................................................7 .II.8. S dng bng thng hp l................................................................................7 .II.9. Gim chi ph in thoi ng di......................................................................8 .III Nhc im ca VoIP.................................................................................................8 .IV Cc chun thoi dng trong VoIP...............................................................................8 .V Cc t chc pht trin VoIP.........................................................................................8

TNG QUAN V GIAO THC SIP..........................................................10

.I Tng quan v giao thc khi to phin SIP.................................................................10 .II Cu trc ca SIP.........................................................................................................11 .II.1. Cc thnh phn ca SIP...................................................................................11 .II.2. Hot ng ca cc bn tin SIP.........................................................................12 .II.2.1. a ch ca SIP............................................................................................12 .II.2.2. nh v server SIP........................................................................................12 .II.2.3. nh v ngi dng......................................................................................13 .II.2.4. Thay i mt phin ang tn ti..................................................................13 .II.2.5. Cc bn tin ca SIP.....................................................................................13 .II.2.6. Tiu bn tin.............................................................................................14 .II.2.7. Bn tin yu cu.............................................................................................15 .II.2.8. Bn tin p ng............................................................................................16 .II.2.9. Thit lp v hy cuc gi SIP......................................................................19 .II.2.10. Lin vn gia SIP v SS7...........................................................................21 .II.2.11. Tnh nng ca SIP......................................................................................24

GII THIU BA PHN MM NG DNG VOIP..................................26

.I Asterisk.........................................................................................................................26 .I.1. Gii thiu v phn mm Asterisk.......................................................................26 .I.2. Tnh nng v li ch ca Asterisk.......................................................................26 .II OpenSIP......................................................................................................................27 .II.1. Khi nim OpenSIPS........................................................................................27 .II.2. Tnh nng v li ch ca OpenSIPS..................................................................27 .II.2.1. OpenSIPS trong VoIP..................................................................................27 .II.2.2. Kin trc OpenSIPS.....................................................................................28 .II.2.3. Kh nng kt ni n PSTN.........................................................................28 i

Mc lc .II.2.4. Giao tip vi NAT........................................................................................28 .II.2.5. Cn bng ti.................................................................................................28 .II.2.6. Giao din qun l v c s d liu...............................................................28 .II.2.7. Dch v truyn thng....................................................................................28 .II.2.8. Kh nng nng cp OpenSIPS.....................................................................28 .II.3. Kt lun............................................................................................................29 .III Kamailio.....................................................................................................................29

ii

TRIN KHAI H THNG ASTERISK.....................................................31

.I Gii thiu chung...........................................................................................................31 .II Kt ni phn cng.......................................................................................................31 .III Ci t phn mm......................................................................................................32 .III.1. My ch PBX.................................................................................................32 .III.2. Ci t phn mm Asterisk trn my ch.......................................................33 .III.3. Ci t softphone trn cc laptop...................................................................34 .IV Thc hin cuc gi....................................................................................................36 .V Cc ng dng c bn ca Asterisk..............................................................................39 .V.1. H thng ACD(Automatic Call Distribution)..................................................39 .V.1.1. Gii thiu......................................................................................................39 .V.1.2. Cu hnh h thng ACD n gin................................................................40 .V.1.3. Cch hot ng ca ACD.............................................................................41 .V.2. ng dng tng tc thoi IVR........................................................................41 .V.3. H thng Voicemail.........................................................................................42

KT LUN....................................................................................................44
.I Han ch cua tai........................................................................................................44 .II Hng phat trin cua tai.........................................................................................44

M U Trng Tn Group - TTG l mt n v chuyn o to trong lnh vc CNTT, t khi thnh lp n nay, TTG khng ngng n lc v nhanh chng tr thnh mt trong nhng Trung tm o to uy tn hng u v Qun Tr Mng & Thit K Website ti Nng. Tin thn l cng ty DTSCorp c tr s chnh ti Tp.HCM, thnh lp vo nm 2005, hot ng trong lnh vc t vn gii php CNTT, thit k v thi cng cc h thng mng, an ninh mng, cc ng dng CNTT cho cc doanh nghip. Thng 5 nm 2006 hp tc vi cng ty TNHH VSIC Informatics - cng ty 100% vn nc ngoi - u t v thnh lp chi nhnh cng ty TNHH VSIC Informatics ti Nng, hot ng chuyn v lnh vc o to CNTT. Thng 01 nm 2008: Mua li ton b chi nhnh cng ty TNHH VSIC Informatics ti Nng, tng vn iu l v i tn thnh TTG Training Center. T thi im c mt ti Nng nm 2006 VSIC Informatics (nay l TTG Training Center) tng bc khng nh v dn tr thnh mt trong nhng Trung tm o to Cng ngh mng my tnh hng u ti Nng ni ring v cc tnh min Trung ni chung. gi vng v th hng u trong o to Cng ngh mng my tnh, TTG Training Center tip tc nhng n lc duy tr cht lng o to u vit cng vi nhng dch v h tr hc vin tt nht. TTG Training Center hin l nh cung cp hng u v dch v o to trong lnh lc cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng ti Vit Nam: Ging vin ng cp Quc t, nhit tnh, tn tm v kinh nghim thc tin. Thit b y , hin i ca chnh hng. Chng trnh, gio trnh lun c cp nht Version mi nht. Thc hnh ngoi gi trn thit b v khng gii hn thi gian. Tham gia min ph cc Hi tho chuyn hng tun b sung thm kin thc thc tin. Tr s TRUONG TAN Group Training Center C s 1: 134 L Dun, Qun Hi Chu, Thnh ph Nng C s 2: 75 Nguyn Khuyn, Qun Thanh Kh, Thnh ph Nng in thoi: (0511) 3867768 - Fax: (0511) 3867767 - Email: info@truongtan.edu.vn. Trong nhng nm gn y, chng ta nghe ni nhiu v VoIP nh l mt cng ngh mang tnh cch mng trong vic truyn tn hiu thoi qua mi trng Internet. Cng vi s bng n Internet, VoIP cng c nhng bc pht trin di, ngy cng hon thin v cng

Nguyn H Hi ng, LP 08T4

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk ngh, cht lng n nh, tch hp c truyn thng a phng tin v rt cnh tranh v gi cc. Nhiu h thng VoIP ra i v c trin khai rng khp. V vy vic nghin cu v nm bt cc cng ngh v VoIP ang rt c quan tm. Trong qu trnh tm hiu v VoIP, em quyt nh chn ti Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk, ni dung c trnh by trong 5 chng: Chng I: Tm hiu khi qut v cng ngh truyn thoi trn nn internet (VoIP). Qua chng ta c th tng qut hnh dung v VoIP l g, cch thc hat ng ca n ra sao v u nhc im ca cng ngh ny. Chng II: Tm hiu mt trong nhng giao thc bo hiu quan trng trong VoIP l giao thc bo hiu SIP. y l mt trong nhng giao thc ca VoIP c s dng rng ri v SIP cng chnh l giao thc bo hiu s dng trong chng trnh ng dng Asterisk c trnh by cc chng tip theo. Chng III: xut 3 gii php VoIP, so snh cc gii php v quyt nh gii php trin khai chng IV Chng IV : Trin khai VoIP trn h thng Asterisk, cc bc thit lp phn cng, ci t phn mm, thc hin cuc gi, bt v phn tch cc gi tin. Chng V: Kt lun, hn ch, hng pht trin ca ti.

CHNG 1

GII THIU V MNG VOIP

Internet Voice, c bit nh thoi qua giao thc (Voice Over IP), l mt cng ngh cho php to cuc gi dng kt ni bng thng rng thay v dng ng dy in thoi tng t (analog). Nhiu dch v dng Voice over IP c th ch cho php bn gi ngi khc dng cng loi dch v, tuy nhin cng c nhng dch v cho php gi dng s in thoi nh s ni b, ng di, di ng, quc t. Nhng dch v ch lm vic qua my tnh, hay loi in thoi qua IP (IP phone) c bit. Vi dch v cho php dng in thoi truyn thng qua mt b iu hp (adaptor)

.I
.I.1.

Gii thiu v VoIP

VoIP l g?

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) l mt cng ngh cho php truyn thoi s dng giao thc mng IP, trn c s h tng sn c ca mng Internet. VoIP l mt trong nhng cng ngh vin thng ang c quan tm nht hin nay khng ch i vi nh khai thc, cc nh sn xut m cn c vi ngi s dng dch v. VoIP cho php thc hin cuc gi dng my tnh qua mng d liu nh Internet. VoIP chuyn i tn hiu thoi t in thoi tng t analog vo tn hiu s (digital) trc khi truyn qua Internet, sau chuyn i ngc li u nhn. Khi to mt cuc gi VoIP dng in thoi vi mt b iu hp, ta s nghe m mi gi, quay s sau tin trnh ny. VoIP cng cho php to mt cuc gi trc tip t my tnh dng loi in thoi tng ng hay dng microphone. VoIP cho php to cuc gi ng di qua mng d liu IP c sn thay v phi c truyn qua mng PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). Ngy nay nhiu cng ty thc hin gii php VoIP ca h gim chi ph cho nhng cuc gi ng di gia nhiu chi nhnh xa nhau. Trc y, khi da vo giao tip thoi trn mng PSTN. Trong sut cuc gi gia hai a im, ng kt ni c dnh ring cho bn thc hin cuc gi. Khng c thng tin khc c th truyn qua ng truyn ny, cho d vn cn tha lng bng thng sn dng. Sau vi s xut hin ca mng giao tip d liu, nhiu cng ty u t cho mng giao tip d liu chia s thng tin vi nhau, trong khi thoi v fax vn tip tc s dng mng PSTN. Nhng ngy nay iu ny khng cn l vn na, vi s pht trin nhanh chng v s dng rng ri ca IP, chng ta tin rt xa trong kh nng gim chi ph trong vic h tr truyn thoi v d liu. Gii php tch hp thoi vo mng d liu, v cng hot ng bn cnh h thng PBX hin ti hay nhng thit b in thoi khc, n gin cho vic m rng kh nng thoi cho nhng v tr xa. Lu lng thoi thc cht s c mang t do (free) bn trn mng d liu thng qua c s h tng v thit b phn cng c sn

Nguyn H Hi ng, LP 08T4

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk Mc d nhng khi nim v VoIP l n gin, nhng thc hin v ng dng VoIP l phc tp. gi voice, thng tin phi c tch bit thnh nhng gi (packet) ging nh d liu. Gi l nhng phn thng tin c chia nh d dng cho vic gi gi, cng c th dng k thut nn gi tit kim bng thng, thng qua nhng tin trnh codec (compressor/decompressor). C rt nhiu loi giao thc dng thc hin dch v VoIP, nhng giao thc bo hiu VoIP ph bin SIP v H323. C SIP v H323 u cho php ngi dng thc hin cng cng vic: thit lp giao tip cho nhng ng dng a phng tin (multimedia) nh audio, video, nhng giao tip d liu khc. Nhng H323 ch yu c thit k cho nhng dch v a phng tin, trong khi SIP th ph hp cho nhng dch v VoIP. RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) nh ngha nh dng chun ca gi tin cho vic phn phi audio v video qua Internet.

.I.2.

Phng thc hot ng

Khi ni vo ng nghe hay microphone, ging ni s to ra tn hiu in t, l nhng tn hiu analog. Tn hiu analog c chuyn sang tn hiu s dng thut ton c bit chuyn i. Nhng thit b khc nhau c cch chuyn i khc nhau nh VoIP phone hay softphone, nu dng in thoi analog thng thng th cn mt Telephony Adapter (TA). Sau ging ni c s ha s c ng vo gi tin v gi trn mng IP. Trong sut tin trnh mt giao thc nh SIP hay H323 s c dng iu khin (control) cuc gi nh l thit lp, quay s, ngt kt ni v RTP th c dng cho tnh nng m bo tin cy v duy tr cht lng dch v trong qu trnh truyn.

.II u im ca VoIP
.II.1. a dng tnh nng Hiu qu kinh t cao
Tt c tnh nng, ng dng thng tin lin lc mi hin c mt trn th gii vin thng hi t u h tr nn tng mng IP. Tt c tnh nng ny c sn m khng i hi thm bt k chi ph u t no bi v chng hot ng trn nn tng mng IP v c "vn chuyn" trn mng my tnh y nh cc ng dng my tnh thng thng.

.II.2. Tit kim chi ph u t VoIP

H thng IP Telephony v VoIP h tr tt hn cho cng vic kinh doanh. Nu doanh nghip trang b thit b k thut s (nh tng i PBX), th c th tit kim c ng k chi ph u t bng cch ti s dng hu ht cc thit b ny vi h thng VoIP mi.

.II.3. D bo tr
Vic ci t v qun l h thng IP Telephony v VoIP tr nn d dng hn. Vi h thng IP Telephony th mng VoIP s t ng t iu chnh tng thch vi v tr mi ca ngi dng. Nh qun l h thng c th t bt k my tnh ni mng no tin hnh kim tra, thit lp mc ch s dng, ti khon v nhiu d liu khc cho ngi dng. Vi h thng vin thng nn IP, cng vic qun l v bo tr mng in thoi tr nn kinh t v hiu qu hn. 6

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

.II.4. Linh hot v c ng

IP Softphone l gii php phn mm gi in thoi Internet dnh cho cc my tnh s dng h iu hnh Windows. Phn mm ny cho php ngi dng d dng truy xut n cc dch v vin thng thi gian thc v nhng tnh nng ci tin khc vi cch thc s dng tht n gin: ch cn nhn chut quay s cuc gi. Trong mt mng vin thng nn IP, nhn vin c th t do i li bt k u trong vn phng cng ty, ni my tnh xch tay vo mng, bt u lm vic v nhn/thc hin cc cuc gi.

.II.5. Nhiu tnh nng hp dn

VoIP vi nhng u im nh gim chi ph lin lc,kh nng tch hp d dng cc h thng d liu, thoi v video, c s d liu c kh nng kim sot tp trung, tnh nng thoi di ng ci tin gip tit kim thi gian v chi ph...Vi giao thc SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) cho php nhiu ng dng, thit b phn cng mi d dng trin khai gii php VoIP trn mng LAN, WAN hoc Internet. Hu ht cc modem v router ADSL hin nay u h tr VoIP v giao thc SIP, cc doanh nghip va v nh c th nhanh chng trin khai m hnh in thoi Internet thng qua ng truyn internet vi cc dch v VoIP min ph nh ifone, IPTel, DrayTel, MediaRing...

.II.6. Kh nng qun l ton din

Bn c kh nng kim sot chi tit n tng bit d liu ang c lu chuyn trn mng IP Telephony (LAN) hay mng VoIP (WAN). Trong cc mng mng vin thng nn IP, cht lng thoi c th t n 99,99%. Ngha l trong mi trng mng hi t nn IP, kh nng pht hin sm cc triu chng v thay i nhng ci t trc khi c bt k trc trc no xy ra c ci tin ng k.

.II.7. Cng tc thi gian thc

Ngi dng c th b sung gii php in thoi km hnh nh Video Telephony Solution bng cc phn mm ng dng video trn nn IP, qua cho php mt my tnh bn hay my tnh xch tay gi lp mt chic in thoi IP trong vn phng. Cht lng hnh nh v m thanh khi s dng trn mng ni b thng tt hn khi s dng qua kt ni Internet do him khi gp phi tnh trng tr ting hay khng hnh.

.II.8. S dng bng thng hp l

Lu lng truyn d liu my tnh (khng phi l d liu thoi) trn h thng mng in thoi thng ch chim khong 30% bng thng ca ton h thng. u im ca VoIP l d liu c ng li thnh gi v cc gi d liu ny c truyn thng qua kt ni T-1 trn mt phn nh bng thng ca knh DSO.

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

.II.9. Gim chi ph in thoi ng di

Vi mt h thng VoIP hon chnh, doanh nghip thm ch cn c th trin khai gii php chuyn tip cuc gi thng minh, cho php "hn ch" cc cuc gi ng di trc tip t mt khu vc (tnh, thnh ph hay quc gia) sang mt khu vc khc (c 2 khu vc ny phi c vn phng ca doanh nghip ny) bng cch chuyn d liu thoi thng qua mng VoIP ni b ri sau chuyn tip sang h thng PSTN.

.III Nhc im ca VoIP

Cht lng dch v: do cc mng truyn s liu vn d khng c thit k truyn thoi thi gian thc cho nn vic tr truyn hay vic mt mt cc gi tin hon ton c th xy ra v s gy ra cht lng dch v thp. Bo mt: do mng Internet l mt mng hn hp v rng khp bao gm rt nhiu my tnh cng s dng cho nn vic bo mt cc thng tin c nhn l rt kh.

.IV Cc chun thoi dng trong VoIP

Cc chun thoi dng trong VoIP: SIP, H323, IAX2, MGCP... Chun SIP (Session Initiation Protocol ): chun ca IETF, thng dng nht hin nay v t tn thit b phn cng v c th m rng h thng d dng. y l giao thc chi tit xc nh nhng ch th v nhng p ng, thit lp hay kt thc cuc gi. SIP cng m t chi tit v cc tnh nng nh bo mt (sercurity), s y nhim (proxy), vn chuyn (transport). SIP nh ngha ra c ch bo hiu cuc gi end-to end gia cc thit b. SIP l giao thc text-base c nhiu tnh nng tng t HTTP, nh l cng m hnh yu cu (request) v p ng (response). Chun H323: y l giao thc chun ca ITU. Giao thc ny ban u c pht trin cho h thng a phng tin(multimedia) phng tin trong mi trng khng hng kt ni (connectionless), nh LAN. H323 l chun nh ngha tt c tin trnh lin quan n vn ng b cho thoi, video, v truyn d liu. H323 nh ngha tn hiu cuc gi end-to-end. Chun MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol - Giao thc iu khin cng truyn thng) n l mt giao thc trong VoIP c a ra theo xut ca Cisco v Telcordia nh ngha s lin lc gia nhng phn iu khin cuc gi Media Gateway. MGCP l giao thc iu khin, cho php trung tm iu khin theo di nhng s kin trong cuc gi IP v nhng Gateway v ch o chng gi thng tin ti nhng a ch c th.

.V

Cc t chc pht trin VoIP

Nh cung cp dch v VoIP ln : Skype, Yahoo, Google. Cc thit b phn cng VoIP : Tng i IP, VoIP Gateway : Cisco, Avaya, Alcatel, Nortel, Digium.. Card giao tip PCI : Digium, Openvox, Sangoma

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk in thoi IP : Alcatel, Nortel, Welltech Cc phn mm ng dng tng i VoIP PBX : CCM ca Cisco, Asterisk trn Linux, Avaya... Trn h iu hnh WINDOWS: ch yu s dng giao thc SIP, phn mm ny c th d dng ci t v s dng. Tuy nhin phi mua License ty theo cu hnh doanh nghip cn ng dng. 3CX : ca hng 3CX www.3cx.com Brekeke : ca hng phn mm BREKEKE www.brekeke.com Axon : ca hng NCH www.nch.com.au/pbx Trn h iu hnh LINUX: CCM ( Cisco Call Manager ) : chy trn h hnh Linux, c bn min ph cho ngi dng. Tuy nhin, bn min ph cn nhiu tnh nng cha Update, mun s dng cc tnh nng Update th phi mua thm License. Asterisk : chy trn h iu hnh LiNux, hon ton min ph cho ngi dng. Phn ny s c trnh by r hn phn sau.

CHNG 2

T N G QUAN V GIAO THC SIP

.I Tng quan v giao thc khi to phin SIP

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) l giao thc iu khin bo hiu thuc lp ng dng trong m hnh OSI (hnh II.1), c pht trin nh l mt chuun m RFC 2543 ca IEFT. Khc vi H.323, n da trn ngun gc Web (HTTP) v c thit k kiu module, n gin v d dng m rng vi cc ng dng thoi SIP. SIP l mt giao thc bo hiu thit lp, duy tr v kt thc cc phin a phng tin nh : thoi IP, hi ngh v cc ng dng tng t khc lin quan n vic truyn thng tin a phng tin. SIP s dng cc bn tin mi (INVITE) thit lp cc phin v mang cc thng tin m t phin truyn dn. SIP h tr cc phin n b (unicast) v qung b (multicast) tng ng cc cuc gi im ti im v cuc gi a im. C th s dng nm chc nng ca SIP thit lp v kt thc truyn dn l : nh v thu bao, kh nng thu bao, sn sng ca thu bao, thit lp cuc gi v x l cuc gi. SIP c s dng kt hp vi cc chun giao thc IETF khc nh l SAP, SDP v MGCP (MEGACO) cung cp mt lnh vc rng hn cho cc dch v VoIP. Cu trc ca SIP tng t vi cu trc ca HTTP (giao thc client-server). N bao gm cc yu cu c gi n t ngi s dng SIP client n SIP server. Server x l cc yu cu v p ng n client. Mt thng ip yu cu, cng vi cc thng ip p ng to nn s thc thi SIP.

Hnh I-1: V tr ca SIP trong m hnh OSI. Ni chung, SIP h tr cc hot ng chnh sau: nh v tr ca ngi dng. nh media cho phin lm vic. nh s sn sng ca ngi dng tham gia vo mt phin lm vic. Thit lp cuc gi, chuyn cuc gi v kt thc.

Nguyn H Hi ng, LP 08T4

10

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk SIP l mt giao thc theo thit k m do n c th c m rng pht trin thm cc chc nng mi. S linh hot ca cc bn tin SIP cng cho php p ng cc dch v thoi tin tin bao gm c cc dch v di ng.

.II Cu trc ca SIP

.II.1. Cc thnh phn ca SIP
SIP Components

Location Server

Redirect Server

Registrar Server

PSTN User Agent Proxy Server Proxy Server Gateway

Hnh II-2: Cc thnh phn ca SIP H thng SIP gm 5 thnh phn chnh : User Agent (UA) : ng vai tr ca thit b u cui trong bo hiu SIP , c th l mt my in thoi SIP, c th l my tnh chy phn mm u cui SIP...UA bao gm hai loi User Agent Client (UAC) v User Agent Server (UAS). UAC khi to cuc gi v UAS tr li cuc gi. iu ny cho php thc hin cuc gi ngang hng thng qua m hnh clientserver. My ch y quyn (Proxy server) : l mt chng trnh trung gian, hot ng nh l mt server v mt client cho mc ch to cc yu cu thay mt cho cc client khc. Cc yu cu c phc v bn trong hoc truyn chng n cc server khc. Mt proxy c th dch v nu cn thit c th to li cc bn tin yu cu SIP trc khi chuyn chng n server khc hoc mt UA. Trong trng hp ny trng Via trong bn tin p ng, yu cu ch ra cc proxy trung gian tham gia vo tin trnh x l yu cu . My ch nh v (Location Server) : l phn mm nh v thu bao, cung cp thng tin v nhng v tr c th ca thu bao b gi cho cc phn mm my ch y quyn v my ch chuyn i a ch. My ch chuyn i a ch (Redirect Server) : l phn mm nhn yu cu SIP v chuyn i a ch SIP sang mt s a ch khc v gi li cho u cui. Khng ging nh my ch y quyn, my ch chuyn i a ch khng bao gi hot ng nh mt u cui, tc l

11

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk khng gi i bt c yu cu no. My ch chuyn i a ch cng khng nhn hoc hu cuc gi. My ch ng k (Register Server) : l phn mm nhn cc yu cu ng k. Trong nhiu trng hp my ch ng k m nhim lun mt s chc nng an ninh nh xc nhn ngi s dng. Thng thng my ch ng k c ci t cng vi my ch y quyn v my ch hay a ch hoc cung cp dch v nh v thu bao. Mi ln u cui c bt ln (v d my in thoi hoc phn mm SIP) th u cui li ng k vi my ch. Nu u cui cn thng bo cho my ch v a im ca mnh th bn tin REGISTER cng c gi i. Ni chung cc u cui u thc hin vic ng k li mt cch nh k.

.II.2. Hot ng ca cc bn tin SIP

SIP l mt giao thc da trn k t vn bn vi c php bn in v cc trng mo u ng nht vi giao thc truyn siu vn bn HTTP (Hypper Text Transfer Protocol). Cc bn tin ca SIP truyn trn cng mt kt ni TCP hoc b d liu UDP.

.II.2.1.

a ch ca SIP

a ch ca SIP cn c gi l b nh v ti nguyn chung URL (Universal Resource Locator), tn ti di dng user@host. Phn user trong phn a ch c th l tn ngi s dng hoc s in thoi. Phn host c th l tn min hoc a ch mng. V d a ch SIP : SIP: ptithcm@ptithcm.edu.cn SIP: 401160020@203.162.17.8

.II.2.2.

nh v server SIP

Khi client mun gi mt yu cu, client gi yu cu n mt proxy server SIP c cu hnh hoc gi n a ch IP v s cng tng ng vi URL SIP. Gi yu cu trc tip n proxy server th d dng nu ng dng cui bit proxy server. Gi yu cu theo cch th hai th phc tp hn. Client phi c gng tip xc vi server s cng c lit k trong b nh v ti nguyn ng nht URL SIP. Nu s hiu cng khng c trong URL SIP th client s dng s cng 5060. Nu URL SIP ch nh mt giao thc (UDP hoc TCP) th client tip xc vi server s dng giao thc . Nu khng c giao thc no c ch nh hoc nu client khng h tr UDP nhng c h tr TCP th n c gng dng TCP. Client c gng tm mt hoc nhiu a ch server SIP bng cch truy vn DNS (Domain Name System). Tin trnh nh sau: Nu phn host ca URL SIP l a ch IP, client tip xc vi server a ch cho trc. Ngc li n x l bc k tip. Client truy vn server DNS cho a ch phn host ca URL SIP. Nu server DNS khng tr v a ch ca URL SIP, client s ngng v n khng th nh v c server.

12

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

.II.2.3.

nh v ngi dng

Ngi b gi c th di chuyn gia nhiu h thng u cui theo thi gian. Cc v tr ny c th ng k ng vi server SIP. Mt server v tr c th tr v nhiu v tr bi v ngi dng ng nhp nhiu trm mt cch ng thi hoc server v tr c thng tin khng chnh xc. Server SIP kt hp cc kt qu cung cp mt danh sch cc v tr hoc khng c v tr no. Hot ng nhn danh sch cc v tr thay i ty thuc vo SIP server. Mt Redirect server tr v mt danh sch hon chnh cc v tr v cho php cc client nh v ngi dng chnh xc. Mt Proxy server cng c gng nh a ch cho n khi cuc gi thnh cng hoc ngi b gi t chi cuc gi.

.II.2.4.

Thay i mt phin ang tn ti

iu ny c thc hin bng cch pht li bn tin INVITE, s dng cng Call-ID nhng ni dung mi hoc cc trng tiu mang thng tin mi. Chng hn, hai i tc ang tr chuyn v mun thm v mt ngi th ba. Mt trong hai mi ngi th ba vi a ch multicast mi v ng thi gi bn tin INVITE n i tc th hai vi s m t phin mulicast mi, ngoi tr s nhn dng c.

.II.2.5.

Cc bn tin ca SIP

C hai loi bn tin SIP: Bn tin yu cu c khi to t client. Bn tin p ng c tr li t server. Mi bn tin cha mt tiu m t chi tit v s truyn thng. SIP c th s dng UDP. Khi c gi trn UDP hoc TCP, nhiu giao dch SIP c th c mang trn mt kt ni TCP n l hoc gi d liu UDP. Gi d liu UDP (bao gm tt c cc tiu ) th khng vt qu n v truyn dn ln nht MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) nu MTU c nh ngha, hoc khng qu 1500 byte nu MTU khng c nh ngha. Mt bn tin SIP c bn bao gm: dng bt u (start-line), mt hoc nhiu trng tiu , mt dng trng (CRLF) dng kt thc cc trng tiu v mt ni dung bn tin ty chn.

Bn tin chung =

Dng bt u Tiu bn tin

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

CRLF [ ni dung bn tin]

.II.2.6.

Tiu bn tin

Tiu bn tin dng ch ra ngi gi, ngi b gi, ng nh tuyn v loi bn tin ca cuc gi. C 4 nhm tiu bn tin nh sau: Tiu chung: p dng cho cc yu cu v cc p ng. Tiu thc th: nh ngha thng tin v loi bn tin v chiu di. Tiu yu cu: cho php client thm vo cc thng tin yu cu. Tiu p ng: cho php server thm vo cc thng tin p ng.

Tiu chung Accept AcceptEncoding AcceptLanguage Call-ID Contact CSeq Date Encryption Expires From Record-Route Timestamp To

Tiu thc th ContentEncoding ContentLength Content-Type

Tiu yu cu Authorization Contact Hide Max-Forwards Organization Priority ProxyAuthorization Proxy-Require Route Require Response-Key Subject User-Agent

Tiu p ng Allow ProxyAuthenticate Retry-After Server Unsupported Warning wwwAuthenticate

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

Via Bng II-1: Cac tiu ban tin. Gii thch mt s tiu chnh ca SIP: Tiu Call-ID Gii thch So khp cc yu cu vi cc p ng tng ng, nhn dng duy nht li mi hoc s ng k ca client. Cseq Trong mt cuc gi, Cseq tng ln khi mt yu cu mi c gi i v bt u mt gi tr ngu nhin. Tuy nhin, i vi yu cu ACK v Cancel th Cseq khng tng. C mt trong tt c cc yu cu v p ng ch ra ni nhn yu cu. C mt trong tt c yu cu v p ng cha tn v a ch ca ni khi to yu cu. Via Ghi li ng i ca yu cu cho php cc server SIP trung gian chuyn cc cu tr li tr li cng ng i. Encryption Ch nh ni dung v mt s tiu bn tin c m ha nh th no. ContentLength Contenttype Expires Accept Subject Ch ra kch thc ca ni dung bn tin (tnh bng octet). Ch ra loi media ca ni dung bn tin (vn bn/html,). Nhn dng ngy v thi gian khi bn tin ht hn . Ch ra loi media no c chp nhn trong bn tin p ng. Cho thng tin v bn cht ca cuc gi. Bng II-2: Gii thch mt s tiu chnh ca SIP

To From

.II.2.7.

Bn tin yu cu

Cc yu cu cng c th c xem nh cc phng php cho php User Agent v server mng inh v, mi v qun l cc cuc gi. Bn tin yu cu SIP c dng sau:

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

Yu =

cu

Dng yu cu (Request-line) Tiu chung/tiu yu cu/tiu thc th. CRLF [Ni dung bn tin]

Dng yu cu bt u vi m phng php, b nhn dng ti nguyn ng nht yu cu, phin bn giao thc SIP v kt thc vi CRLF. Cc thnh phn c phn cch bi k t SP. Dng yu cu = Method SP Request-URI SP SIP-Version CRLF. C 6 loi bn tin yu cu SIP: INVITE, ACK, OPTIONS, BYE, CANCEL v REGISTER. Bn tin INVITE ACK BYE CANCEL REGISTE R OPTIONS INFO S dng xc nh nng lc ca server S dng ti cc thng tin Bng II-3: Cc bn tin yu cu ca SIP ngha Khi to mt phin Khng nh rng client nhn c bn tin p ng cho bn tin INVITE Yu cu kt thc phin Hu yu cu ang nm trong hng i u cui SIP ng k vi registrar server

.II.2.8.

Bn tin p ng

Cc bn tin p ng c dng nh sau: p ng = Dng trng thi Tiu chung/tiu p ng/tiu CRLF [ni dung bn tin]

16

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk Dng trng thi = SIP-version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF M trng thi c 3 ch s ch ra kt qu ca vic p ng yu cu. L do (Reason-Phrase) l s m t ngn gn v m trng thi. Ch s u tin ca m trng thi nh ngha lp p ng. SIP phin bn 2.0 nh ngha 6 gi tr cho lp p ng :

Bn tin 1xx 2xx 3xx 4xx 5xx 6xx

ngha Cc bn tin chung Thnh cng Chuyn a ch Yu cu khng c p ng S c ca server S c ton mng

Bng II-4: Cc loi bn tin p ng ca SIP. Mt s m trng thi c nh ngha trong SIP c trnh by trong bng sau: Lp p ng Thng tin M trng thi 100 180 181 182 Thnh cng i hng 200 300 301 302 380 Li client 400 401 Gii thch ang c gng Rung chung Cuc gi c chuyn c xp hng i OK Nhiu chn la c di chuyn thng xuyn c di chuyn tm thi Dch v thay i Yu cu li Khng nhn thc c

17

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 413 414 415 420 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 Li server 500 501 502 503 504

Yu cu tr tin (payment required) Cm Khng tm thy Bn tin khng cho php Khng chp nhn Yu cu nhn thc proxy Yu cu timeout Xung t Tip tc (gone) Yu cu chiu di Thc th yu cu qu ln URL yu cu qu ln Khng h tr loi media M rng sai Khng sn c Cuc gi hoc s trao i Vng lp c pht hin Qu nhiu hop a ch khng hon thnh M h ang bn Li server bn trong Khng thc thi Gateway li Dch v khng c sn Gateway timeout

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

505 Li ton cu 600 603 604 606

Phin bn SIP khng h tr Bn mi ni T chi Khng tn ti mi ni Khng chp nhn

Bng II-5: Mt s m trng thi c nh ngha trong SIP.

.II.2.9.

Thit lp v hy cuc gi SIP

Trc tin ta tm hiu hot ng ca my ch y quyn v my ch chuyn i : 1. Hot ng ca my ch y quyn (Proxy Server)

Hnh II-3: Hot ng Proxy Server Client SIP userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin INVITE cho userB@hotmail.com mi tham gia cuc gi. Cc bc nh sau: Bc1: userA@yahoo.comgi bn tin INVITE cho userB min hotmail.com bn tin ny n proxy server SIP ca min hotmail.com (bn tin INVITE c th i t Proxy server SIP ca min yahoo.com v c Proxy ny chuyn n Proxy server ca min hotmail.com). Bc 2: Proxy server ca min hotmail.com s tham kho server nh v (Location server) quyt nh v tr hin ti ca UserB.

19

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk Bc 3: Server nh v tr li v tri hin ti ca UserB (gi s l UserB@hotmail.com). Bc 4: Proxy server gi bn tin INVITE ti userB@hotmail.com. Proxyserver thm a ch ca n trong mt trng ca bn tin INVITE. Bc 5: UAS ca UserB p ng cho server Proxy vi bn tin 200 OK. Bc 6: Proxy server gi p ng 200 OK tr v userA@yahoo.com. Bc 7: userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin ACK cho UserB thng qua proxy server. Bc 8: Proxy server chuyn bn tin ACK cho userB@hostmail.com. Bc 9: Sau khi c hai bn ng tham d cuc gi, mt knh RTP/RTCP c m gia hai im cui truyn tn hiu thoi. Bc 10: Sau khi qu trnh truyn dn hon tt, phin lm vic b xa bng cch s dng bn tin BYE v ACK gia hai im cui. 2. Hot ng ca my ch chuyn i a ch (Redirect Server):

Hnh II-4: Hot ng ca Redirect Server. Cc bc nh sau: Bc 1: Redirect server nhn c yu cu INVITE t ngi gi (Yu cu ny c th i t mt proxy server khc). Bc 2: Redirect server truy vn server nh v a ch ca B. Bc 3: Server nh v tr li a ch ca B cho Redirect server. Bc 4: Redirect server tr li a ch ca B n ngi gi A. N khng pht yu cu INVITE nh proxy server. Bc 5: User Agent bn A gi li bn tin ACK n Redirect server xc nhn s trao i thnh cng. 20

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk Bc 6: Ngi gi A gi yu cu INVITE trc tip n a ch c tr li bi Redirect server (n B). Ngi b gi B p ng vi ch th thnh cng (200 OK), v ngi gi p tr bn tin ACK xc nhn, cuc gi c thit lp.Ngoi ra SIP cn c cc m hnh hot ng lin mng vi SS7 (n PSTN) hoc l lin mng vi chng giao thc H.323. Tng qut li trong mng SIP qu trnh thit lp v hy mt phin kt ni:

Hnh II-5: Thit lp v hy cuc gi SIP. Bc 1: ng k, khi to v nh v u cui. Bc 2: Xc nh phng tin ca cuc gi, tc l m t phin m u cui c mi tham gia. Bc 3: Xc nh mong mun ca u cui b gi, tr li hay khng. Pha b gi phi gi bn tin xc nhn chp thun cuc gi hay t chi. Bc 4: Thit lp cuc gi. Bc 5: Thay i hay iu khin cuc gi (v d nh chuyn cuc gi). Bc 6: Hy cuc gi.

.II.2.10. Lin vn gia SIP v SS7

3. Thit lp cuc gi c bn gia SIP v PSTN

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

Hnh II-6: Thit lp cuc gi c bn gia SIP v PSTN. Bc 1: Khi ngi dng SIP mun bt u mt phin hi thoi vi ngi dng PSTN, SIP s pht bn tin yu cu INVITE. Bn tin ny tng t nh bn tin SETUP ISDN. Gateway bt u x l cc ti nguyn dnh ring cho cuc gi. Cc ti nguyn ny bao gm cng RTP/UDP bn pha IP v cc khe E1/T1 bn pha PSTN. Bc 2: Bn tin INVITE c xc nhn bi Gateway vi bn tin SIP cha m trng thi 100. Bn tin ny cng xc nhn l Gateway ng iu khin cuc gi. Bc 3: Bn tin INVITE c nh x thnh bn tin IAM ISUP v c gi n PSTN. V kt ni audio c thc hin. Bc 4: PSTN p ng vi bn tin ACM ISUP thng bo rng bn tin IAM c nhn thnh cng. Bc 5: Bn tin ACM cha mt trng c gi l m trng thi ngi b gi v c nh x n p ng SIP tm thi. p ng tm thi l 180 cho thu bao ri v 183 cho khng ch nh. p ng tm thi ny c Gateway gi n SIP. V Gateway thc hin kt ni audio. Bc 6: Xc nhn p ng tm thi ACK (PRACK, Provisional Response ACK) c gi tr li Gateway t SIP. Bc 7: M 200 c gi tr li SIP. y l mt ACK. Bc 8: Bn tin xl cuc gi (CPM, Call Proceeding Message) c gi tr v t PSTN vi cc m ch ra trng thi ca cuc gi. Bc 9: Thng tin trong bn tin CPM c t trong thn ca p ng SIP 18x v c Gateway gi n SIP. M s kin ISUP c nh x thnh m trng thi SIP nh sau:

22

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

M s kin ISUP

M trng thi SIP

1: thng bo 2: tin hnh 3: thng tin inband 4: chuyn cuc gi, ng dy bn 5: chuyn cuc gi, khng tr li 6: chuyn cuc gi, v iu kin

180: rung chung 183: tin hnh cuc gi 183: tin hnh cuc gi 181: cuc gi ang c chuyn 181: cuc gi ang c chuyn 181: cuc gi ang c chuyn

Bc 10 v 11: p ng tm thi c tr v v c xc nhn. Bc 12: ngi b gi tr li cuc gi, PSTN gi n Gateway bn tin ANM. Gateway thc hin kt ni audio hai chiu. Bc 13 v 14: cuc gi hon thnh bn pha IP ca kt ni. 4. nh hng cuc gi SIP

Hnh II-7: nh hng cuc gi SIP. Bc 1: Cuc gi c khi u t mng PSTN, bn tin IAM c gi n Gateway. Gateway thc hin kt ni audio n PSTN. Bc 2: Da vo thng tin m n nhn c trong bc 1, Gateway gi bn tin INVITE n SIP 1. 23

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk Bc 3: SIP 1 tr li bn tin 3xx thng bo rng ngi b gi mt v tr khc. Thng tin ny c m ha trong trng Contact ca bn tin SIP. Bc 4: Gateway gi li PSTN bn tin x l cuc gi CPG thng bo rng cuc gi c chuyn. Bc 5: Gateway cng nhn bn tin 3xx. Bc 6: Da vo thng tin nhn c trong bc 3, Gateway gi bn tin INVITE n SIP 2. Bc 7: Khi SIP 2 nhn c thng tin a ch y , n tr li p ng tm thi l 18x. Gateway thc hin kt ni audio n SIP. Bc 8: Da vo m trng thi 18x, Gateway gi bn tin ACM n PSTN. Bc 9: Bn tin PRACK c gi t Gateway xc nhn vic nhn p ng tm thi. Bc 10: SIP 2 p tr bn tin thnh cng vi m trng thi 200. Bc 11: SIP 2 tr li cuc gi. Bc 12:SIP 2 gi bn tin 200 n Gateway thng bo rng cuc gi c trli v audio hai chiu c vt ngng (cut through) bi Gateway. Bc 13: Gateway gi bn tin ANM n PSTN v to kt ni audio hai chiu. Bc 14: Gateway xc nhn bn tin c SIP 2 gi i trong bc 12.

.II.2.11. Tnh nng ca SIP

Giao thc SIP c thit k vi nhng ch tiu sau: Tch hp vi cc giao thc c ca IETF: Cc giao thc khc ca IETF c th xy dng xy dng nhng ng dng SIP. SIP c th hot ng cng vi nhiu giao thc nh : RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) : Giao thc ginh trc ti nguyn mng. RTP (Real-time transport Protocol) : Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc. RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) : Giao thc to lung thi gian thc. SAP (Session Advertisement Protocol) : Giao thc thng bo trong phin kt ni. SDP (Session Description Protocol) : Giao thc m t phin kt ni a phng tin. MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension - M rng th tn Internet a mc ch) : Giao thc th in t. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) : Giao thc truyn siu vn bn. COPS (Common Open Policy Service) : Dch v chnh sch m chung.

24

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk OSP (Open Settlement Protocol) : Giao thc tha thun m.

n gin v c kh nng m rng SIP, khng c cc chc nng tha nhng SIP c th s dng thit lp nhng phin kt ni phc tp nh hi ngh. n gin, gn nh, da trn khun dng vn bn, v SIP khc phc c im yu ca nhiu giao thc trc y.Cc phn mm ca my ch y quyn, my ch ng k, my ch chuyn i a ch, my ch nh v c th chy trn cc my ch khc nhau v vic ci t thm my ch hon ton khng nh hng n cc my ch c. Chnh v th h thng chuyn mch SIP c th d dng nng cp. H tr ti a s di ng ca u cui. Do c my ch y quyn, my ch ng k v my ch chuyn i a ch h thng lun nm c a im chnh xc ca thu bao. V d thu bao vi a ch ptit@vnpt.com.vn c th nhn c cuc gi thoi hay thng ip bt c a im no qua bt c u cui no nh my tnh bn, my xch tay, in thoi SIP Vi SIP rt nhiu dch v di ng mi c h tr. D dng to tnh nng mi cho dch v v dch v mi. L giao thc khi to phin trong mng chuyn mch gi, SIP cho php to ra nhng tnh nng mi hay dch v mi mt cch nhanh chng. Ngn ng x l cuc gi (Call Processing Language) v Giao din cng kt ni chung (Common Gateway Interface) l mt s cng c thc hin iu ny. SIP h tr cc dch v thoi nh ch cuc gi, chuyn tip cuc gi, kha cuc gi (call waiting, call forwarding, call blocking), h tr thng ip thng nht

25

CHNG 3

GII THIU BA PHN MM NG DNG VOIP

.I
.I.1.

Asterisk
Gii thiu v phn mm Asterisk

Asterisk l phn mm m ngun m min ph v thoi qua VoIP, cho php cc doanh nghip c th lp t h thng tng i PBX m khng cn phi mua mt h thng tng i o hay phn mm s hu c quyn cho mt h thng tng i ni b. Asterisk l cng c phn mm m cho thoi ph bin nht trn th gii. N cho php cc my tnh ca mt t chc c th lin lc thng tin bng thoi vi nhau thng qua giao thc VoIP, tch hp chuyn mch TDM, v n p ng c nhu cu giao tip vi mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng (PTSNs). Asterisk hot ng trn nhiu h iu hnh bao gm FreeBSD, Linux, OS X, Windows, v Solaris. Asterisk c o ch n cho php cc doanh nghip thit lpmt h thng tng i ni b PBX chuyn nghip vi y cc tnh nng cn thit, truy nhp s dng dch v thoi khng tnh cc, v n cn cung cp mt mc ln cc tu bin v tnh linh hot cho cc nhu cu s dng c th ca tng i tng. i vi cc c nhn, t chc bit cch s dng Asterisk th s c nhiu li ch v tnh nng m n c th cung cp. Mt s nh cung cp m ngun m PBX s dng Asterisk nh mt k thut nn tng cho cc gii php v tng i ring PBX hoc phn mm VoIP ca h. Cc nh cung cp, chng hn nh Free PBX, Elastix, Trixbox v Call Weaver, tt c u s dng Asterisk nh l k thut li cho cc gii php phn mm ca h.

.I.2.

Tnh nng v li ch ca Asterisk

Asterisk c mt s li ch v mt s nhc im. Nhng li ch ca vic s dng Asterisk lm cho n tr thnh mt gii php ngy cng ph bin cho nhiu t chc. Mt s li ch ca vic s dng Asterisk : Cc c nhn v cng ty c th chnh sa phn mm cho ph hp vi nhu cu c th ca h. u im chnh chnh l tit kim chi ph lp t cng nh chi ph cho thoi. Asterisk linh hot v c kh nng chnh sa lm vic vi mt lot cc thit b phn cng. Truy cp vo hng ngn hng dn trn internet to cc gii php PBX khc nhau. H tr k thut v truy cp vo cc din n vi chi ph h tr k thut hng thng thp. Cc chc nng cho mt gii php tng i PBX chuyn nghip thng c cp nht.
Nguyn H Hi ng, LP 08T4 26

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk Asterisk c cc GUI v giao din ngi dng cho php truy cp trc quan v d qun l. Mt s nhc im m cc gii php phn mm m ngun m PBX cn l : H tr l mt chi ph thm trong hu ht cc gii php Kh khn trong vic trin khai thc hin hoc hiu r lm th no s dng phn mm. i vi doanh nghip: cn c thi gian v ngun lc cn thit chi tr cho vic o to nhn vin bit cch ci t, cu hnh, v s dng phn mm.

.II OpenSIP
.II.1. Khi nim OpenSIPS
OpenSIPS (Open SIP Server) l mt h thng m ngun m ca mt SIP server. N khng ch l mt SIP proxy/router v OpenSIPS bao gm nhng chc nng cp ng dng, OpenSIPS nh l mt my ch SIP, l thnh phn ct li ca bt k gii php VoIP trn SIP server a chc nng, a mc ch: router, switch, application-server, redirect-server, gateway, load-balancer...Vi mt c cu nh tuyn linh hot v ty bin OpenSIPS hp nht ting ni, video, IM(Instant Message) v cc dch v Presence mt cch c hiu qu cao nh thit k dng Module c th m rng. V vy, OpenSIPS c hiu qu cao, ng tin cy. OpenSIPS l mt trong nhng my ch SIP nhanh nht, vi mt thng lng c xc nh n nh l mt gii php ti u cho doanh nghip, cc ngnh cng nghip.

.II.2. Tnh nng v li ch ca OpenSIPS

.II.2.1. OpenSIPS trong VoIP

Hnh II-8: OpenSIPS trong VoIP

27

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

.II.2.2.

Kin trc OpenSIPS

OpenSIPS l mt SIP proxy, n n gin hn B2BUA trong Asterisk bi v mt SIP proxy ch lin quan n bo hiu. OpenSIPS bao gm hn 70 module, mi module c mt chc nng ring, vi giao din module PLUG and PLAY th OpenSIPS d dng m rng v nng cp cc tnh nng ca m khng nh hng ti phn li v cang lm tng s n nh ca h thng li.

.II.2.3.

Kh nng kt ni n PSTN

OpenSIPS cn mt SIP gateway kt ni ti PSTN. N khng c kh nng ci t th in thoi trong server. Thng thng, ngi ta s thc hin Asterisk nh l mt cng PSTN cho OpenSIPS.

.II.2.4.

Giao tip vi NAT

OpenSIPS c lin quan nhiu n NAT, cho php thoi hoc lung d liu t in thoi IP hoc phn mm VoIP ca khch hng trc tip n mt nh cung cp dch v trong nhiu trng hp (khng i xng NAT). OpenSIPS cng cho php bn thao tc trc tip SIP truyn thng x l cc trng hp c bit, chng hn nh khi bn c hai my in thoi VoIP pha sau cng mt NAT router v mun gi cc phng tin truyn thng trc tip gia chng.

.II.2.5.

Cn bng ti

Mt sc mnh c o ca OpenSIPS l kh nng cn bng ti cho cc cuc gi VoIP. Thut ton chuyn ngnh bm trong OpenSIPS c th c cu hnh cn bng ti bi cc"tn ngi dng", "ruri", "callid", v cc c tnh khc. OpenSIPS l "failover aware" v c th lm mt phn b sung rt hu ch ca gii php Asterisk.

.II.2.6.

Giao din qun l v c s d liu

Giao din qun l (cho tch hp ngoi) thng qua FIFO file, XMLRPC hoc Datagram (UDP hoc Unixsockets). OpenSIPS a c s d liu backends - MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Berkeley, flat files v cc loi database khc c th x l unixodbc

.II.2.7.

Dch v truyn thng

OpenSIPS l mt Proxy SIP v khng c kh nng ca bt k mng li dch v truyn thng tin lin quan (phn ting ni ca mt cuc in thoi). OpenSIPS khng phi l mt nn tng m bn s dng to ra h thng nh IVR, th thoi, TTS v nhn bit ting ni, iu ny l do thit k.

.II.2.8.

Kh nng nng cp OpenSIPS

OpenSIPS c th chy trn h thng nhng, hiu sut c th ln n hng trm thit lp cuc gi/giy. Vi h thng c b nh 4GB, OpenSIP c th phc v hn 300000 thu bao trc tuyn.

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk H thng c th d dng m rng bng cch thm my ch OpenSIPS. OpenSIPS h tr IPv4 v IPv6 v c th phc v c multiple domain.

.II.3. Kt lun
OpenSIPS l Carrier Class SIP proxy server c s dng ch yu bi cc nh cung cp VoIP. N c thit k x l khi lng ln cc cuc gi, cn bng truyn ti SIP, gii quyt cc kch bn nng cao cho NAT v lin quan n bo hiu trong SIP. Ni bt v tinh nng linh hot v s n inh, OpenSIPS ang lin tc pht trin cc cc tnh nng trong Vin thng. Rt ph bin trong cc dch v cung cp VoIP/Internet Telephony, OpenSIPS cung cp nn tng truyn thng hon chnh: Vocie,Video, Instant Messaging v Presence. Hn th na, cu hnh OpenSIPS server khng phi l d dng, nhng l cha kha thnh cng v bo mt cho d n IP. Vi c tnh linh hot ca OpenSIPS cho php trin khai dich v tin tin v tit kim c thi gian v chi phi.

.III Kamailio
Cng ging nh OpenSIP, Kamailio c pht trin ln t OpenSER, nhng OpenSIP th li i theo hng khc, hai nhnh ny do s xung t v nhm core nn c tch ra lm hai. n Kamailio phin bn 3.0 th hai nhm li kt hp v cng chia s nhiu chc nng chung tng thch vi nhau, c th s hp nht li trong tng lai. Kamailio l SIP Server, gm cc vai tr: SIP Registrar SIP Proxy SIP Redirector. Asterisk l BUA: Back-to-back User Agent, ngoi x l, SIP cn c mt s giao thc khc nh: IAX H323 X l c media ln control, Asterisk ging nh mt media gateway trong m hnh lm vic ca SIP, ngoi ra cn lm c: SIP Registrar SIP Client (UA). Asterisk l IP PBX, h tr rt y tnh nng ca mt tng i ni b, cn Kamailio th c gi l SIP Server, mt phn ca h thng SIP (ch quan tm ti control), ch khng gi l IP PBX (mt b hon chnh c control ln media). Cng v l do ch quan tm ti control, nn kh nng x l ca Kamailio l rt khng khip. Mt server bnh thng (2 core, vi GB RAM) c kh nng qun l hng chc ngn subsciber, nh tuyn hng ngn hng khc nhau, v hng trm cuc gi/1 giy. Asterisk t c kh nng th phi s dng rt nhiu server mnh. Nhn chung c Asterisk vkamailio u h tr SIP. im khc nhau l ch, trong khi Asterisk l mt h thng kh hon chnh, h tr c iu khin v cc dch v a phng tin th Kamailio n thun ch l SIP server trong m hnh VoIP, chnh v tnh chuyn 29

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk bit nh vy nn hiu sut ca n l rt cao. Tuy nhin, mt mnh Kamailio th cha to nn mt h thng VoIP kiu nh PBX m Asterisk vn lm, phi c thm hng lot cc thit b lin quan n mediana mi gn chc nng nh Asterisk: Media gateway (v d FXO gate kt ni i PSTN, ci ny Asterisk c th t lm hoc l s dng ngoi) MCU (conference server) IVR gateway ACD Gateway Recording Server Voice Mail server Trong khi cc chc nng ny Asterisk c sn. Nhn chung, Kamailio l mt sn phm ca hng pht trin VoIP, l chia nh v chuyn bit ha cc thnh phn ca h thng. Vi vic bc u lm quen vi VoIP, kin thc cn hn ch nhiu mt, nn trong chuyn ny chng em s tm hiu v Asterisk, do hin nay Asterisk kh ph bin v c s dng nhiu, cc ti liu h tr tm hiu cng a dng. Vic xy dng m hnh mng cng tng i n gin, nm trong kh nng ca nhm.

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CHNG 4

TRIN KHAI H THNG ASTERISK

Asterisk l mt phn mm mang tnh cch mng, tin cy, m ngun m v min ph m bin mt PC r tin thng thng chy Linux thnh mt h thng in thoi doanh nghip mnh m. Asterisk l mt b cng c m ngun m cho cc ng dng thoi v l mt server x l cuc gi y chc nng. Asterisk l mt nn tng tch hp in thoi vi tnh ho kin trcb m. Nhiu h thng Asterisk c ci t thnh cng trn khp th gii. Cng ngh Asterisk ang phc v cho nhiu doanh nghip. Asterisk em n cho ngi s dng tt c cc tnh nng v ng dng ca h thng tng i PBX v cung cp nhiu tnh nng m tng i PBX thng thng khng c c.

.I

Gii thiu chung

Mc ch: Thc hin th nghim cc hnh thc truyn thoi qua mi trng IP Nghin cu cc tnh nng ti u m h thng Asterisk em li. Quy m h thng:

Do hn ch v c s h tng, thit b nn th nghim y c xy dng vi quy m nh, ch yu nhm mc ch nghin cu cc tnh nng mt h thng VoIP.

.II Kt ni phn cng

Cc thit b dng cho trin khai h thng Asterisk c kt ni theo m hnh sau:

Nguyn H Hi ng, LP 08T4

31

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk Hnh II-9: Cc thit b trong h thng Asterisk PBX l mt my ch s dng OS l linux (ubuntu), ci t Asterisk 1.8.10.1. Cu hnh my ch: RAM: 1024MB CPU: Core 2 Duo 2.66GHz HDD: 200GB 2 laptop s dng c ci t softphone. Switch c cng kt ni ti cc my tnh khc. Kt qu mong mun t c l thc hin c cuc gi VoIP trong mng LAN, trin khai cc ng dng c bn ca Asterisk.

.III Ci t phn mm
.III.1. My ch PBX
Ci t OS l ubuntu version 12.04 LTS, giao din ca h iu hnh:

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

.III.2. Ci t phn mm Asterisk trn my ch

Chng ta cn 3 gi xy dng Asterisk l : build-essential, libxml2-dev, v ncursesdev.
apt-get install build-essential libxml2-dev ncurses-dev

Ti phin bn mi nht ca Asterisk v gii nn n

Wget http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/asterisk/releases/asteris k-1.8.20.1.tar.gz tar zxvf asterisk-1.8.3.3.tar.gz

Sau ci t, config v to sample

cd asterisk-1.8.3.3/ ./configure make make install make config make samples

Sau khi ci t kt thc, chng ta cu hnh trc cho Asterisk. chy th Asterisk vi 2 softphone th chng ta cn config 2 file sip.conf v extensions.conf. File sip.conf:
[general] context = default bindport = 5060 bindaddr = 0.0.0.0 tcpbindaddr = 0.0.0.0 tcpenable = yes [1001] type = friend callerid = User One <1001> secret = 1001 host = dynamic canreinvite = no dtmfmode = rfc2833 mailbox = 1001 disallow = all allow = ulaw transport = udp [1002] type = friend callerid = User Two <1002> secret = 1002 host = dynamic canreinvite = no

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

dtmfmode = rfc2833 mailbox = 1002 disallow = all allow = ulaw transport = udp

Cu hnh ny c ngha l Asterisk s lng nghe tp c IP, cng 5060, v TCP c bt. N c 2 s b sung nh ngha cho user one v user two. File extension.conf
[general] static=yes writeprotect=no [default] exten => 1001,1,Answer() exten => 1001,n,Dial(SIP/1001,20,tr) exten => 1001,n,Hangup exten => 1002,1,Answer() exten => 1002,n,Dial(SIP/1002,20,tr) exten => 1002,n,Hangup.

Cu hnh ny c ngha l c 2 truy cp m rng tn ti. Sau khi cu hnh Asterisk ta cn khi ng n.
/etc/init.d/asterisk start

.III.3. Ci t softphone trn cc laptop

http://www.counterpath.com/x-lite-4.0-for-windows-download.html)
Softphone c s dng l phn mm X Lite ( download phn mm min ph t a ch:

34

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

Hnh III-10: Giao din X-Lite Cu hnh X-Lite ti cc Laptop

35

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

Hnh III-11: Cu hnh Account X-Lite Tt c d liu n t file sip.conf. Domain l a ch IP ca server.

.IV Thc hin cuc gi

Sau khi tin hnh khai bo cu hnh cho 2 Laptop ta tin hnh thc hin cuc gi. Kch bn cuc gi: sau khi khai bo thu bao xong c hai softphone, softphone 1thc hin cuc gi ti soft phone 2 . Softphone 2 nhc my, m thoi, softphone 1 gc my kt thc cuc gi. Bn user1:

36

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

Hnh IV-12: User 1 gi Bn User 2:

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

Hnh IV-13: User 2 nhn cuc gi Truy cp vo mn hnh Asterisk CLI

asterisk -vvvvvvr

Mn hnh ny cho ta thy c mt cuc gi thnh cng t 1001 ti 1002

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

Hnh IV-14: Cuc gi c thc hin

.V

Cc ng dng c bn ca Asterisk

.V.1. H thng ACD(Automatic Call Distribution)

.V.1.1. Gii thiu
H thng phn phi cuc gi t ng ACD l h thng tip nhn cc cuc gi t bn ngoi a vo h thng hng i, sau chuyn n nhn vin tr li theo nhng chin lc thch hp, iu ny s lm cho vic tr li cc cuc gi linh hot v hiu qu. Trong lc cc thu bao gi n s c a n hng i v ti y thu bao c th nghe nhc hoc c gii thiu cc thng tin v cng ty. Mc tiu chnh ca h thng ACD nhm phc v khch hng gi n c h tr k thut, tm hiu thng tin hay trao i mua bn mt cch tt nht.

39

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

Nhng cng vic chnh ca mt h thng ACD c th c trnh by nh sau: Tip nhn cc cuc gi vo, h thng ACD c s lng cuc gi vo ln hn hoc bng s lng ngi tr li thng l ln hn s lng ngi tr li, nu thu bao gi n trong trng hp tt c ngi tr li u bn th cuc gi s c t vo hng i. Ngi tr li s tr li cc cuc gi n theo cc chin lc phn phi cuc gi ph hp. Thu bao c th nghe nhc khi trong hng i. Thu bao c th nghe thng bo v tr ca mnh trong hng i v cc thng tin khc do Cng Ty Cung cp. Trong mt h thng c th thit lp nhiu hng i gii p nhiu thng tin khc nhau ca cng ty. C hai phng php phc v tr li cuc gi qua hng i, phng php th nht l mi ngi tr li lm vic c nh trn mt my in thoi, khi c cuc gi n ngi tr li ch vic nhc my tr li cuc gi, tt nhin cuc gi s phn phi n cc ngi tr li mt cch thch hp. V d ngi tr li trong trng thi ri nhiu s c u tin tr li cuc gi trc. Phng php ny cn gi l phng php tnh. Phng php th hai Ngi tr li s dng headset eo thng trc trn tai lun sn sng tr li cuc gi, khi c cuc gi n ngi tr li s nghe mt m hiu boob bo hiu cuc gi hin din ti v tr mnh, lc ny thu bao ch vic ln ting tr li cuc gi, thng lm vic vi softphone. Phng php ny cn gi l phng php ng.

.V.1.2.

Cu hnh h thng ACD n gin

to mt h thng ACD chng ta cn cu hnh trong 3 tp tin Agent.conf, queue.conf, extention.conf. File agent.conf :

40

Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

agent => 1001,4321,Le Quoc Toan

File queue.conf :
[queue1] member => Agent/1001

File extention.conf :
exten => 28,1,AgentLogin(1001) exten => 29,1,Queue(queue1)

.V.1.3.

Cch hot ng ca ACD

Agent ng nhp vo h thng hng i bng cch quay s 28 sau nhp vo mt khu 4321. Ti y Agent s nghe nhc v ch cuc gi n. Khi thu bao quay s 29 th cuc gi s c nh hng n hng i. Khi cuc gi n Agent s nghe mt ting beep bo c cuc gi ang hin din kt ni vi Agent, Lc ny tt nhin Agent thc hin tr li cuc gi.

.V.2. ng dng tng tc thoi IVR

ng dng tng tc thoi l ng dng thng gp i vi bt c h thng tng i PBX no. Cho php cc thu bao tng tc vi h thng qua cc thng ip thoi, v d khi thu bao gi n s c thng ip pht ra Hn hnh Bn gi n cng ty ABC ca chng ti, mi nhn phm 1 gp Phng Kinh Doanh nhn phm 2 gp Phng h tr khch hng. Trong phn ny s trnh by tng bc xy dng h thng tng tc thoi mt cch d hiu nht. Khai bo trong tp tin extention.conf nh sau:
[default] exten => LAN,1,Dial(SIP/lan); exten => HAI,2,Dial(SIP/hai); [mainmenu] exten => s,1,Answer exten => s,n,Background(thanks) ; Pht thng ip cm n gi n cng ty exten => s,n,WaitExten exten => 1,1,Goto(submenu,s,1) exten => 2,1,Hangup [submenu] exten => s,1,Ringing ; rung chung trong vng 2 giy

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

exten exten doanh exten exten exten

=> s,n,Wait,2 => s,n,Background(submenuopts) ; Cm n gi n phng kinh => s,n,WaitExten => 1,1,Goto(default,LAN,1) => 2,1,Goto(default,HAI,2)

on trn c th gii thch nh sau : tt c cc cuc gi n u c chuyn n ng cnh [mainmenu] trong ng cnh ny hm ng dng Background(thanks) s thc hin pht ra thng ip Cm n gi n cng ty ca chng ti mi nhn phm 1 gp phng kinh doanh sau khi thu bao nhn phm 1 s c a n ng cnh [submenu] ng vi ng cnh ca phng kinh doanh. Ti ng cnh phng kinh doanh hm ng dng Background(submenuopts) s pht thng ip Cm n gi n phng kinh doanh mi nhn phm 1 gp LAN phm 2 gp HAI Ti y ty vo thu bao nhn phm 1 hoc 2 s c chuyn n quay s ngi cn gp tng ng.

.V.3. H thng Voicemail

Asterisk cung cp kh nng xy dng ng dng VoiceMail, vi kh nng ny gip cho ngi s dng in thoi khng b l bt c cuc gi in thoi no. Mt s tnh nng ca h thng voiceMail: Khi ngi gi khng c tr li, my khng c kt ni mng hay my in thoi ang bn, h thng u c thng ip ring thng bo tnh trng ca my thu bao c gi v pht thng ip mi li tin nhn. Mi hp th u c qun l bng password v th mc ring. Khi thng ip c nhn h thng VoiceMail c th gi qua Mail thng bo, tt nhin c km theo file thng ip. C th kim tra VoiceMail trc tip trn my in thoi. Nhng thng ip Li cho trong h thng hon ton c th thay i ph hp vi ng cnh s dng. Khng nht thit phi s dng thng ip mc nh. Sau y l cc bc xy dng h thng VoiceMail: To hp th trong tp tin voicemail.conf
[hopthu] 8051 => 1212, nhhd, qwerty.nhhd@gmail.com

Trong file sip.conf khai bo nh sau

[8051] Type = friend

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Tm hiu h thng VoIP trn Asterisk

Username = 8051 Secret = 1212 Host = dynamic Context = TestHopMail Mailbox=8051@hopthu [1234] Type = friend Username = 1234 Secret = 1212 Host = dynamic Context = TestHopMail

Trong file extention.conf khai bo nh sau

[TestHopMail] exten => 1234,1,Dial(SIP/ivan, 45) exten => 1234,2,VoiceMail(8051@hopmail) exten => 1234,3,PlayBack(vm-goodbye) exten => 1234,4,Wait(2) exten => 1234,5,HangUp() ; Kim tra Voicemail exten => 8,1,VoiceMailMain(s${CALLERIDNUM}) exten => 8,2,Hangup

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CHNG 5

KT LUN
SIP l giao thc bo hiu linh hot, mm do v rt thch hp khi s dng trong mng IP. SIP ngy cng tr nn ph bin v tr thnh mt giao thc bo hiu chnh trong mng VoIP. SIP c phn m rng s cho nhng tnh nng, ng dng, dch v v mi trng c th. V vy vn quan trng cn xc nh trc tin i vi nh cung cp dch v l xc nh phng hng pht trin dch v, trn c s s tip tc xy dng ti liu chun cho cc phn m rng lin quan. OpenSIPS l SIP Proxy Server m ngun m ch o. OpenSIPS c kh nng nh tuyn hng t pht v x l hang triu hot ng cc cuc gi in thoi VoIP mi thng. Ni bt v tinh nng linh hot v s n inh, OpenSIPS ang lin tc pht trin cc cc tnh nng trong Vin thng. Rt ph bin trong cc dch v cung cp VoIP/Internet Telephony, OpenSIPS cung cp nn tng truyn thng hon chnh : Vocie ,Video, Instant Messaging v Presence. Hn th na.Cu hnh OpenSIPS server khng phi l d dng ,nhng l cha kha thnh cng v bo mt cho d n IP. Vi c tnh linh hot ca OpenSIPS cho php trin khai dich v tin tin v tit kim c thi gian v chi phi.

.I

Han ch cua tai

Cha khai thac va th hin c ht cac chc nng cua OpenSIPS. Mi thc hin thit lp cuc goi gia PC PC , cha thc hin c nhng ng dung cua OpenSIPS trong thc m hinh thc t khac vi du nh thc hin cuc goi t IP telephone PC, IP telephone IP telephone thng qua OpenSIPS

.II Hng phat trin cua tai

Tim hiu va nghin cu cach cu hinh OpenSIPS co th ng dung c cac chc nng cua no trong mang VoIP, phuc vu cho cac doanh nghip, cac nganh Cng nghip mt cach ti u nht.

Nguyn H Hi ng, LP 08T4

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DANH MUC T VIT TT

DNS HTTP IEFT ISDN MGCP MTU NAT PBX PSTN RSVP RTP RTSP SAP SCTP SDP SIP SMS TCP UDP UAC URL VoIP XCAP XML XMPP Domain Name System Hypertext Transfer Protocol Internet Engineering Task Force Integrated Service Digital Network Media Gateway Control Protocol Maximum Transmission Unit Network address translation Private Branch Exchange Public Switched Telephone Network Resource Reservation Protocol Real-time transport Protocol) Real Time Streaming Protocol) Session Advertisement Protocol Stream Transmission Control Protocol Session Description Protocol Session Initiation Protocol Short Message Service Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol User Agent Client Universal Resource Locator Voice over Internet Protocol XML Configuration Access Protocol Extensible Markup Language The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

Nguyn H Hi ng, LP 08T4

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Mark A.Miller, P.E..2002. Voice over IP Technologies Building the Converged Network, M&T Books [2] Henry Sinnreich, Alan B.Johnston, Delivering VoIP and Multimedia Services with Session Initiation Protocol, Second Edition, Wiley Publishing_Inc, 2006. [3] Wiliam C.Hardy, VoIP service quality, McGraw Hill, 2003.

NHN XT CA CN B HNG DN

Nguyn H Hi ng, Lp 08T4