HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................

im nh gi:

Hi An, ngy . thng . nm 2012

Gio vin hng dn

Th.s :

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 1

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

LI NI U
Ngy nay, vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin tin, th gii ca chng ta
v ang ngy mt thay i, vn minh v hin i hn. S pht trin ca k thut in t to
ra hng lot nhng thit b vi cc c im ni bt nh s chnh xc cao, tc nhanh, gn
nh l nhng yu t rt cn thit gp phn cho hot ng ca con ngi t hiu qu cao.
Cc b iu khin s dng vi iu khin tuy n gin nhng vn hnh v s dng c li
l mt iu rt phc tp. Cc b vi iu khin theo thi gian cng vi s pht trin ca cng
ngh bn dn tin trin rt nhanh, t cc b vi iu khin 4 bit n gin n cc b vi iu
khin 32 bit, ri sau ny l 64 bit. in t ang tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc a nhim v.
in t p ng c nhng i hi khng ngng t cc lnh vc cng nng lm ng
nghip cho n cc nhu cu cn thit trong hot ng i sng hng ngy.
n c ng ngh ng dng vi x l vo i sng ngy cng kh ph bin v khng ngng c
pht trin. Trong i sng n c ng dng kh rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc nh iu khin
t ng, trang tr qung co, cc n giao thng c bit l chng ta hay bt gp nht l ng
dng trong trang tr qung co ca vi x l.nhng bin qung co ni bt lm chng ta rt t
m. T thc tin trn v sau khi hc mn n vi x l em chn ti cho n mn hc
ny l : M

U
5X5X5.

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

Chng 1: :

THIT K H THNG

1. S khi h thng:
Bao gm cc khi sau: khi iu khin, khi hin th, khi ngun:

Hnh 1: S khi LED cube 5X5X5

Khi hin th: gm 125 con led n c ni chn vi nhau theo hng v ct
Khi iu khin trung tm: iu khin mi s hot ng ca h thng, thc hin chng
trnh, x l cc iu khin vo/ra v truyn thng vi cc thit b bn ngoi.

2 Gii thiu IC AT89C52:

AT89C52 l I vi iu khin (Microcontroller) do hng Atmel sn xut. Vi iu khi n
AT89C52 l mt vi iu khin dng CMOS c cng sut t hp, hiu s ut cao vi 8Kbyte b
nh Flash. Th b nh flash bn trong chip cho ph p cc chng trnh c ti lp trnh
trong h th ng, hoc bng mt lp trnh b nh quy c kh ng i.
Vi iu khin AT89C52 cung cp mt s c tnh c bn s au :
8k byte ROM,256 byte RAM ni.
4 Port I/O 8 bit.
2 con tr d liu, 3 b nh thi timer/counter 16-bit, 1 kin trc 6 vector ngt vi 2 mc,
1 port ni tip song cng,
1 b dao ng v mt mc h xung clock.

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 3

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

Hnh 2 : s khi ca IC AT89C52

2.1S chn AT89C52(Hnh 1.1)

2.2Chc nng ca cc chn AT89C52:
Port 0: t chn 32 n chn 39 (P0.0 _P0.7). Port 0
c 2 chc nng: trong cc thit k c nh khng
dng b nh m rng n c chc nng nh cc
ng IO
i vi cc h th ng ln c b nh m rng n
va l bus a ch byte thp va l bus d liu
truy cp b nh ngo i.
Port 1 : T chn 1 n chn 8 (P1.0 - P1.7) cng
vo ra d liu P1 hay P1.0-P1.7: chn s 1-8 d ng
trao i tin song song d liu 0-D7).
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 4

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

Port 2 (P2)
Port 2 gm 8 chn (t chn 21 n chn 28) c hai chc nng:
Chc nng xut/nhp
Hnh 3. S chn 89C52
Chc nng l bus a ch cao (A8-A15): khi kt ni vi b nh ngoi c dung lng ln,cn 2
byte nh a ch ca b nh, byte thp do P0 m nhn, byte cao do P2 ny m nhn.
Port 3 (P3)
Port 3 gm 8 chn (t chn 10 n 17):
Chc nng xut/nhp
Vi mi chn c mt chc nng ring th hai nh trong bng sau
Bit Tn Chc nng
P3.0 RxD Ng vo nhn d liu ni tip
P3.1 TxD Ng xut d liu ni tip
P3.2 INT0 Ng vo ngt cng th 0
P3.3 INT1 Ng vo ngt cng th 1
P3.4 T0 Ng vo ca Timer/Counter th 0
P3.5 T1 Ng vo ca Timer/Counter th 1
P3.6 WR g iu khin ghi d liu ln b nh ngoi
P3.7 R
g iu khin c d liu t b nh bn ngoi
P1.0 T2 Ng vo ca Timer/Counter th 2
P1.1 T2X Ng Np li/thu nhn ca Timer/Counter th 2
Chn RESET (RST)
Ng vo RST chn 9 l ng vo Reset d ng thit lp
trng thi ban u cho vi iu khin. H thng s c thit
lp li cc gi tr ban u nu ng ny mc 1 ti thiu 2 chu
k my
Chn XTAL1 v XTAL2
Hai chn ny c v tr chn l 18 v 19 c s dng
nhn ngun xung clock t bn ngoi hot ng, thng
c ghp ni vi thch anh v cc t to ngun xung
clock n nh.
Chn 40(Vcc) c ni vi ngun 5v.

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 5

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

2.3

To chc bo nh :

Chip AT89S52 co khong gian bo nh rieng cho chng trnh va d lieu .

Ca hai bo nh chng trnh va d lieu eu c at ben trong chip, tuy
nhien ta co the m rong bo nh chng trnh va bo nh d lieu bang
cach s dung cac chip nh ben ngoai vi dung lng toi a la 64 K cho
bo nh chng trnh va 64 K cho bo nh d lieu . oi vi e tai nay ta
ch nghien cu ve bo nh ben trong chip.
Bo nh noi ben trong chip AT89S52 bao gom ROM va RAM . RAM co
tat ca 256 byte, trong o co 128 byte tren ( t 80h en FFh ) co a ch
trung vi a ch cua cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet .Tuy nhien ieu
nay khong gay ra s xung ot v 128 byte Ram tren ch co the truy xuat
bang cach dung kieu nh a ch gian tiep . To chc bo nh noi cua
8952 c tom tat hnh sau :
ch gian tiep . To chc bo nh noi cua 8952 c tom tat hnh
sau :
FFH

80H
7FH

00H

Ch c truy
xuat bang
kieu nh a
ch gian
tiep

Ch c
truy xuat
bang kieu
nh a
ch trc
tiep

Truy xuat
bang kieu
nh a ch
trc tiep va
gian tiep

FFH

80H

Cac thanh
ghi chc
nang ac
biet

Hnh 4 : Khong gian nh noi cua 8952 (tom tat)

e co the hnh dung ro hn ve khong gian nh noi cua chip 8952, ta
se tm hieu chi tiet ve no qua hnh 4 .
Khong gian nh noi nay c chia thanh :
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 6

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

Cac bank thanh ghi a ch t 00H en 1FH .

RAM nh a ch bit a ch t 20H en 2FH .
RAM a dung t 30H en 7FH .
Cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet a ch t 80H en FFH .
RAM a dung
-

Mac du tren hnh ve ( hnh 4 ) cho thay 208 byte a dung chiem cac a

ch t 30H en FFH, 32 byte di t 00H en 1FH cung co the dung vi

muc ch tng t (mac du cac a ch nay a co muc ch khac) .
Cac a ch trong vung RAM a dung a ch t 30H en 7FH
eu co the truy xuat t do dung kieu a ch trc tiep hoac gian tiep .
-

Cac a ch trong vung RAM a dung a ch t 80H en FFH

c truy xuat t do bang cach s dung kieu a ch gian tiep .

RAM co the truy xuat tng bit :
Chip 8952 cha 210 v tr bit c nh a ch, trong o co 128 bit
cha trong cac byte a ch t 20F en 2FH va cac phan con lai cha
trong nhom thanh ghi chc nang ac biet.
Y tng truy xuat tng bit bang phan mem la mot ac tnh manh
cua microcontroller x ly chung. Cac bit co the c at, xoa, AND,
OR, . . . , vi 1 lenh n. a so cac microcontroller x ly oi hoi mot
chuoi lenh oc sa - ghi e at c ket qua tng t. Ngoai ra cac port
cung co the truy xuat c tng bit .
Cac day thanh ghi :
32 v tr thap nhat cua bo nh noi cha cac day thanh ghi . Cac
lenh cua 8952 ho tr 8 thanh ghi t R0 en R7 thuoc day 0 ( bank 0 ) . ay
la day mac nh sau khi reset he thong . Cac thanh ghi nay cac a ch
t 00h en 07h .
2.4 Hoat ong nh thi :
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 7

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

2.4.1 M au :
-

Moi bo nh thi la mot chuoi cac Flip Flop vi moi flip flop la mot

mach chia 2, no nhan tn hieu vao la mot nguon xung clock . Xung clock
c a vao Flip Flop th nhat, flip flop nay chia oi tan so xung clock.
Ngo ra cua flip flop th nhat tr thanh nguon xung clock cua Flip Flop th
hai, nguon xung clock cung c chia cho 2 V moi tang ke tiep chia cho 2,
nen bo nh thi n tang phai chia tan so clock ngo vao cho 2n .
-

Ngo ra cua tang cuoi cung lam xung clock cho mot flip flop bao tran

bo nh thi hay con goi la c tran, c tran nay c kiem tra bi phan
mem hoac tao ra mot ngat. Gia tr nh phan trong cac flip flop cua bo
nh thi la so em cua cac xung clock t khi bo nh thi bat au
em . V du bo nh thi 16 bit se em t FFFFH xuong 0000H.
- Cac bo nh thi c s dung trong hau het cac ng dung hng
ieu khien. Trong 8952 co 3 bo nh thi 16 bit, bo nh thi 0 va 1 co ba
che o hoat ong , bo nh thi 2 co ba che o hoat ong. Cac bo
nh thi dung e nh thi trong mot khoang thi gian, em s kien va
tao toc o baud cho cong noi tiep.
- Vi bo nh thi 16 bit, tang cuoi cung la tang th 16 se chia
tan so clock ngo vao cho 216 = 65536 .
- Trong cac ng dung nh thi trong mot khoang thi gian, 1 bo nh
thi c lap trnh e tran mot khoang thi gian qui nh va set c
tran bo nh thi bang 1 . C c dung e ong bo chng trnh nham
thc hien mot hoat ong nh la kiem tra trang thai cua cac ngo nhap
hoac gi d lieu en cac ngo xuat . Cac ng dung khac co the s
dung xung clock qui nh cua bo nh thi e o khoang thi gian gia hai
s kien ( v du o o rong xung).
- Cac bo nh thi cua 8952 c truy xuat bi viec dung 6 thanh ghi
chc nang ac biet nh sau :
Cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet ( SFR ) cua bo nh thi
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 8

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

SFR cua bo
nh thi

Muc ch

a ch

nh a ch
bit

TCON

ieu khien

88H

Co

TMOD

Chon che o

89H

Khong

TL0

Byte thap cua

bo nh thi 0

8AH

Khong

TL1

Byte thap cua

bo nh thi 1

8BH

Khong

TH0

Byte cao cua bo

nh thi 0

8CH

Khong

TH1

Byte cao cua bo

nh thi 1

8DH

Khong

T2CON

ieu khien

C8H

Co

RCAP2L

Nhan byte thap

CAH

Khong

RCAP2H

Nhan byte cao

CBH

Khong

TL2

Byte thap cua

bo nh thi 2

CCH

Khong

TH2

Byte cao cua bo

CDH

Khong

nh thi 2

2.4.2. Cac thanh ghi ieu khien nh thi :

a. Thanh ghi che o nh thi TMOD :
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 9

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

Thanh ghi TMOD gom hai nhom 4 bit dung e thiet lap che o hoat

ong cho bo nh thi 0 va bo nh thi 1 : 4 bit thap at che o hoat

ong cho bo nh thi 0 va 4 bit cao at che o hoat ong cho bo nh
thi 1 . 8 bit cua thanh ghi TMOD c tom tat nh sau :
Thanh ghi chon che o nh thi
Bit

Ten

Bo

Mo ta

nh
thi
7

GATE

Khi GATE = 1, bo nh thi ch lam

viec khi i INT1=1

C/T

Bit chon chc nang em hay nh

thi
C/T = 1 : em s kien
C/T = 0 : nh thi trong mot khoang
thi gian

M1

Bit chon che o cua bo nh thi 1

M0

Bit chon che o cua bo nh thi 1

GATE

Bit cong cua bo nh thi 0

C/T

Bit chon em/nh thi cua bo nh

thi 0

M1

Bit chon che o cua bo nh thi 0

M0

Bit chon che o cua bo nh thi 0

Hai bit M0 va M1 cua TMOD chon che o cho bo nh thi 0 hoac bo nh

thi 1.
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 10

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

Cac che o nh thi

M1

M0

Che

Mo ta

o
0

Che o nh thi 13 bit

Che o nh thi 16 bit

Che o t ong nap lai 8 bit

Che o nh thi chia xe :

Bo nh thi 0 : TL0 la bo nh thi 8
bit c ieu khien bi cac bit cua bo
nh thi 0. TH0 tng t nhng c
ieu khien bi cac bit chon che o
cua bo nh thi 1.
Bo nh thi 1 : khong hoat ong .

TMOD khong c nh a ch tng bit, no thng c nap mot

lan bi phan mem au chng trnh e khi ong che o hoat ong
cua bo nh thi. Sau o bo nh thi co the c dng, bat au
bang cach truy xuat cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet khac cua bo nh
thi.
b. Thanh ghi ieu khien bo nh thi TCON :
- Thanh ghi TCON cha cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien cua
bo nh thi 0 va bo nh thi 1. Hoat ong cua tng bit c tom tat
nh sau :
Thanh ghi ieu khien nh thi TCON
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 11

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

Bit

TCON.

K
hieu
TF1

a
bit

ch

8FH

Mo ta

C tran bo nh thi 1 c set bi

phan cng khi co tran, c xoa bi
phan mem hoac bi phan cng khi
cac bo vi x ly tro en trnh phuc vu
ngat .

TCON.
6

TR1

8EH

Bit ieu khien hoat ong bo nh thi

1, c set hoac xoa bi phan mem
e ieu khien bo nh thi hoat
ong hoac ngng hoat ong .

TCON.
5

TF0

8DH

C tran bo nh thi 0 ( hoat ong

tng t TF1)

TCON.

TR0

8CH

Bit ieu khien chay bo nh thi 0

4
TCON.
3

( giong TR1 )
IE1

8BH

C ngat ben ngoai 1. Khi canh xuong

xuat hien tren chan INT1 th c nay
oc set va no c xoa bi phan
mem hoac phan cng khi CPU tro en
trnh phuc vu ngat.

TCON.

IT1

8AH

TCON.
1

C ngat ben ngoai 1, c set hoac

xoa bang phan mem khi xay ra canh
am hoac mc thap tai chan ngat
ngoai.

IE0

89H

C ngat ben ngoai 0 ( kch khi canh)

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 12

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

TCON

IT0

88H

C ngat ben ngoai 0 ( kch khi canh

hoac mc)

2.4.3. Cac che o nh thi va c tran :

- 8952 co 3 bo nh thi la bo nh thi 0, bo nh thi1 va bo
nh thi 2 . ay ta ch tm hieu ve 2 bo nh thi c s dung trong
chng trnh ieu khien di kit labo nh thi 1 va bo nh thi 2 . Ta
dung ky hieu TLx va Thx e ch 2 thanh ghi byte thap va byte cao cua bo
nh thi 0 hoac bo nh thi 1 .
a. Che o nh thi 13 bit (che o 0) :
Xung clock
nh thi

TLx (5 bit)

THx (8 bit)

TFx

Hnh 5 : che o 0

C
tran

- Che o 0 la che o nh thi 13 bit, trong o byte cao cua bo nh

thi (THx) c c ghep cascade vi 5 bit thap cua byte thap bo nh
thi (TLx) e tao thanh bo nh thi 13 bit . 3 bit cao cua TLx khong dung.
b. Che o nh thi 16 bit (che o 1) :
Xung clock
nh thi

TLx (8 bit) THx (8 bit)

TFx

C trn

Hnh 6 : che o 1
- Che o 1 la che o nh thi 16 bit, tng t nh che o 0, ch khac
cho bay gi la bo nh thi 16 bit . Xung clock at vao cac thanh ghi
cao va thap ket hp ( TLx, THx ) . Khi co xung clock en, bo nh thi em
len 0000H, 0001H, 0002H, , va mot tran se xuat hien khi co s chuyen
so em t FFFFH xuong 0000H va se set c tran bang 1, va bo nh
thi em tiep.
- C tran la bit TFx trong thanh ghi TCON ma no se c oc hoac
ghi bi phan mem.
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 13

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

- Bit co trong so ln nhat (MSB) cua gia tr trong thanh ghi nh thi
la bit 7 cua THx va bit co trong so thap nhat (LSB) la bit 0 cua TLx. Bit
LSB thay oi trang thai va chia 2 tan so xung clock nh thi ngo vao
trong khi bit MSB thay oi trang thai va chia cho 216 (= 65.536 ).
- Cac thanh ghi nh thi TLx va Thx co the c oc hoac ghi tai
bat ky thi iem nao bi phan mem.
c. Che o t nap 8 bit (che o 2) :

Xung clock
nh thi

TL x (8 bit)
Nap lai

TH x (8 bit)
Hnh 7 : che o 2

TFx

C
tran

-Che o 2 la che o t nap lai 8 bit, byte thap TLx cua bo nh thi
hoat ong nh mot bo nh thi 8 bit trong khi byte cao THx cua bo nh
thi gi gia tr nap lai . Khi bo em tran t FFH xuong 00H, khong ch
c tran cua bo nh thi c set ma gia tr trong THx cung c nap
vao TLx ; viec em c tiep tuc t gia tr nay cho en khi s chuyen
trang thai t FFH sang 00H ke tiep va c the tiep tuc.

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 14

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

d. Che o nh thi chia xe ( che o 3 ) :

- Che o 3 la che o nh thi chia xe va co hoat ong khac nhau cho

tng bo nh thi .
- Bo nh thi 0 che o 3 c chia lam 2 bo nh thi 8 bit. TL0
va TH0 hoat ong nh nhng bo nh thi rieng le vi s tran se set
cac bit TF0 va TF1 tng ng.
- Bo nh thi 1 khong hoat ong che o 3, nhng co the c
khi ong bang cach chuyen bo nh thi nay vao mot trong cac che
o khac. Ch co gii han la c tran TF1 cua bo nh thi 1 khong b
anh hng bi cac s tran cua bo nh thi 1 bi v TF1 c noi vi
TH0.
- Che o 3 cung cap them 1 bo nh thi 8 bit na. Khi bo nh thi
0 che o 3, bo nh thi 1 co the hoat ong hoac ngng bang cach
chuyen no ra khoi che o 3 hoac vao che o 3. Bo nh thi 1 co the
c s dung bi port noi tiep hoac co the c s dung theo mot cach
nao o nhng khong yeu cau ngat .
2.4.4. Nguon xung clock nh thi :
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 15

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

Co hai kha nang tao ra nguon xung clock nay, viec la chon kha nang
nao do ta thiet lap bit C/T trong TMOD bang 1 hay bang 0 khi bo nh thi
c khi ong . Mot nguon xung clock c dung e nh thi trong mot
khoang thi gian, nguon xung clock con lai c dung e em s kien .

Thach anh
Dao ong
trong chip

Chan
T0
hoac
T1

12

Xung
clock nh
thi

C/T

0 = v tr tren (nh thi mot khoang

gian)xung clock
Hnh 9 :thi
Nguon
1 = v tr di ( em s kien )
nh thi mot khoang thi gian :
Neu bit C/T = 0, hoat ong nh thi c chon va nguon xung clock
cua bo nh thi do mach dao ong ben trong chip tao ra . Mot mach chia
12 tang c them vao e giam tan so xung clock en 1 gia tr phu hp
vi hau het cac ng dung. Luc nay bo nh thi c dung e nh
thi trong mot khoang thi gian. Cac thanh ghi TLx va THx em len vi
tan so xung clock bang 1/12 tan so cua mach dao ong tren chip. Neu
dung thach anh 12 MHz th tan so xung clock la1 MHz.
Bo nh thi se tran sau mot so xung clock co nh, no phu thuoc
vao gia tr khi tao c nap vao cac thanh ghi THx va TLx.

em s kien :
Neu bit C/T = 1 th bo nh thi c cung cap xung clock t nguon
tao xung ben ngoai . Trong nhieu ng dung, nguon xung clock nay cung cap
cho bo nh thi 1 da tren viec xay ra mot s kien - bo nh thi bay
gi em s kien . So s kien c xac nh trong phan mem bi viec
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 16

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

oc cac thanh ghi bo nh thi TLx/THx, bi v gia tr 16 bit trong cac thanh
nay tang len theo moi s kien. Bay gi chan P3.4 la ngo vao xung clock
cho bo nh thi 0 ( T0 ) va chan P3.5 la ngo vao xung clock cho bo nh
thi 1 ( T1 ).
2.4.5. Khi ong, dng va ieu khien cac bo nh thi :
Bit TRx trong thanh ghi TCON c ieu khien bi phan mem e khi
ong hoac dng cac bo nh thi. Bit TRx b xoa khi thiet lap lai he
thong, ngha la cac bo nh thi ngng hoat ong .
2.4. 6. Khi ong va truy xuat cac thanh ghi nh thi :
- Cac bo nh thi c khi ong 1 lan au chng trnh e at
che o hoat ong cho chung. Trong than chng trnh cac bo nh thi
c ieu khien hoat ong, dng, kiem tra cac bit c va xoa, cac thanh
ghi nh thi c oc hoac cap nhat theo yeu cau cua tng ng
dung cu the.
- TMOD la thanh ghi au tien c khi ong, bi v ay la thanh ghi
thiet lap che o hoat ong cho cac bo nh thi. Cac bo nh thi ch
bat au nh thi khi bit ieu khien chay TR1 cua no c set bang 1 .

2.5. Hoat ong cua cong noi tiep :

Ben trong chip 8952 co mot cong noi tiep hoat ong nhieu che o
tren mot tam tan so rong . Chc nang chu yeu la thc hien chuyen
oi song song sang noi tiep vi d lieu xuat va chuyen oi noi tiep sang
song song vi d lieu nhap.
ac trng cua cong noi tiep la hoat ong song cong ( full duplex: thu
va phat ong thi) va em d lieu khi thu (receiver buffering) cho phep
mot ky t c nhan va lu gi trong bo em thu trong khi ky t th hai
c nhan vao. Neu CPU oc ky t th nhat trc khi ky t th hai c
nhan ay u th d lieu se khong b mat.

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 17

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

Hai thanh ghi chc nang ac biet cho phep truy xuat en cong noi tiep
la: SBUF va SCON. Bo em cong noi tiep ( SBUF ) co ia ch 99H nhan
d lieu e thu hoac phat. Thanh ghi ieu khien cong noi tiep ( SCON )
ia ch 98H la thanh ghi c nh a ch bit cha cac bit trang thai va
cac bit ieu khien. Cac bit ieu khien at che o hoat ong cho cong
noi tiep, va cac bit trang thai ch ra s ket thuc viec phat hoac nhan
mot ky t . Cac bit trang thai co the c kiem tra bang phan mem
hoac co the lap trnh e tao ngat.
2.6 . Hoat ong ngat :
2.6.1 . M au :
Ngat ( interrupt ) la s xay ra cua mot s kien mot ieu kien
lam cho chng trnh hien hanh b tam ngng trong khi ieu kien c phuc
vu bi mot chng trnh khac.
2.6.2 . To chc ngat cua AT89S52 :
Co sau nguyen nhan tao ra ngat oi vi AT89S52 : hai ngat do ben
ngoai, ba ngat do bo nh thi va mot ngat do cong noi tiep. Khi ta thiet
lap trang thai ban au cho he thong ( goi tat la reset he thong ), tat ca
cac ngat eu b vo hieu hoa va sau o chung c cho phep rieng re
bang phan mem.
Khi xay ra hai hay nhieu ngat ong thi hoac xay ra mot ngat trong
khi mot ngat khac ang c phuc vu, ta co hai s o x ly cac ngat : s
o chuoi vong va s o hai mc u tien.
Cho phep va khong cho phep ngat :
Moi mot nguyen nhan ngat c cho phep hoac khong cho phep
rieng re thong qua thanh ghi chc nang ac biet nh a ch bit IE co a
ch byte la 0A8h.
Bang 8 : Thanh ghi cho phep ngat IE
Bit

Ky

a ch Mo ta ( 0 : khong cho phep ; 1 : cho

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 18

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

hieu

bit

phep)

IE.7

EA

AFH

Cho phep / khong cho phep toan cuc

IE.6

AEH

Khong s dung

IE.5

ET2

ADH

Cho phep ngat do bo nh thi 2

IE.4

ES

ACH

Cho phep ngat do cong noi tiep

IE.3

ET1

ABH

Cho phep ngat do bo nh thi 1

IE.2

EX1

AAH

Cho phep ngat t ben ngoai 1

IE.1

ET0

A9H

Cho phep ngat do bo nh thi 0

IE.0

EX0

A8H

Cho phep ngat t ben ngoai 0

2.6.3 . X ly ngat :
Khi co mot ngat xuat hien va c CPU chap nhan, chng trnh
chnh b ngat. Cac thao tac sau xay ra :
-

Hoan tat viec thc thi lenh hien hanh.

Bo em chng trnh PC c cat vao stack.

Trang thai cua ngat hien hanh c lu gi lai.

Cac ngat c chan lai mc ngat.

Bo em chng trnh PC c nap a ch vector cua trnh phuc vu

ngat ISR.

ISR c thc thi.

Cac vector ngat :

Khi mot ngat c chap nhan, gia tr c nap cho bo em chng
trnh PC c goi la vector ngat. Vector ngat la a ch bat au cua trnh
phuc vu ngat cua nguyen nhan ngat tng ng
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 19

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

Chng 2: THI CNG V LP TRNH

2.1 Thi cng:
2.1.1 Nguyn l hot ng
LED CUBE c to thnh t 125 bng LED, xp thnh 5 lp, mi lp 25 bng.
Ta mc chung cc chn anode ca 25 bng trn 1 lp li vi nhau v mc chung 5 chn cathode
to thnh ct (c 25 ct).
cho 1 led bt k bt sng, u tin ta ni chn anode chung ca lp vi im c in th cao,
khi 25 bng led s c chn anode c gn vi im in th cao, vic cn li l ni im
in th thp cho chn cathode ca bng led no cn thp sng.
Vic cp in th cao cho cc lp c thc hin bi 5 transistor P P. 5 Transistor ny c
iu khin bi 5 chn IO ca vi iu khin v c phn cc v ng bo ha v v ng ngng
tng ng vi mc logic 0 v 1 ngc mc logic vi chn IO ca vi iu khin) Vic cp in
th thp cho cc ct c thc hin bi 25 chn IO ca vi iu khin.
2.1.2 S nguyn l mch iu khin

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 20

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

2.1.2 Chn led :

Ty vo mi ngi m chn mu sc led khc nhau , nhng cn phi ch in p ca tng
led khc nhau m tnh ton gi tr ca in tr .Led thng c chn l led v c m bo
pht sng ra xung quanh tt nht.

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 21

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

2.1.3 To khung led:

Tham kho cch lm ca cc trang web nc ngoi thy phng php c s dng nhiu
thng l lm khun xong khoan l va bng led sau hn dy .Vi cch lm ny m bo
cc led thng nhau trnh chm chp . Khun y c th dng g p , g dn , nhng theo nh
mnh lm th bng xp l tin li nht vn m bo cht lng

2.1.4cch ni chn led.

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 22

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

Sau khi c khung xong ta tin hnh b chn led nh sau anot l chn di hn ta b vung
gc ,chn katot gi nguyn sau khi b ta tin hnh hn led . n 25 led ta
c 1 lp th nht

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 23

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

2.2. Lp trnh

a. Phng php lp trnh:

Phng php lp trnh: s dng I AT89 52 lp trnh
rt nhiu phn mm h tr son tho vi nhiu ng n nh khc nhau v bin dch, nap...
h phn mm Ride, Keil ,...
Vi ng n ng Assembly, , ++...
Trong n ny chng em s dng phn mm C vi ng n ng son tho vit chng
trnh.

b. Chng trnh:

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 24

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn Qunh H

HC PHN: PROJECT 2

Chng 3: KT LUN
Sau mt thi gian tm hiu v lm vic mt cch nghim tc, c ng vi s gip , ch bo tn
tnh ca thy Th.s V Minh Thng v c ng cc bn trong lp n nay chng em hon thnh
ti: M
. Trong qu trnh thc hin ti nhm chng em
vn dng c nhng kin thc hc, t mnh nh gi c trnh ca bn thn, c ng
nhau nghin cu v hc hi ln nhau, tm ra phng n gii quyt. Th ng qua qu trnh thc
hin ti chng em dn lm quen vi cch lm vic c lp v phi hp lm theo nhm.

* TI LIU THAM KHO:

1/ Gio trnh vi iu khin - Tng Vn n
2/ http://dientuvietnam.net
3/ http://dientuvienthong.net
SVTH: Nguyn Vn Lc Nguyn Qunh H

Trang: 25