KIM LOẠI KIỀM - KIM LOẠI KIỀM THỔ - NHÔM

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CHNG 6:
KIM LOI KIM KIM LOI KIM TH NHM

A. BI TP TRC NGHIM L THUYT
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kim loi kim l
A. ns
1
. B. ns
2
. C. ns
2
np
1
. D. (n1)d
x
nsy
y
.
Cu 2: Nhng nguyn t nhm IA ca bng tun hon c sp xp theo trnh t tng dn ca
A. nguyn t khi. B. bn knh nguyn t.
C. s oxi ho. D. in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t.
Cu 3: Cation M
+
c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s
2
2p
6
. M
+
l cation no sau y?
A. Ag
+
. B. Cu
+
. C. Na
+
. D. K
+
.
Cu 4: Nguyn t ca cc kim loi trong nhm IA khc nhau v
A. s electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t.
B. cu hnh electron nguyn t.
C. s oxi ho ca nguyn t trong hp cht.
D. kiu mng tinh th ca n cht.
Cu 5: Cu no sau y m t ng s bin i tnh cht ca cc kim loi kim theo chiu in tch ht nhn
tng dn?
A. bn knh nguyn t gim dn. B. nhit nng chy tng dn.
C. nng lng ion ho I
1
ca nguyn t gim dn. D. khi lng ring ca n cht gim dn.
Cu 6: Trong cc mui sau, mui no d b nhit phn?
A. LiCl. B. NaNO
3
. C. KHCO
3
. D. KBr.
Cu 7: Nhng nguyn t trong nhm IA ca bng tun hon c sp xp t trn xung di theo th t
tng dn ca
A. in tch ht nhn nguyn t. B. khi lng ring.
C. nhit si. D. s oxi ho.
Cu 8: Nguyn t c nng lng ion ho nh nht l
A. Li. B. Na. C. K. D. Cs.
Cu 9: Kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht trong cc kim loi kim (Li, Na, K, Cs) l
A. Li. B. Na. C. K. D. Cs.
Cu 10: Nhng c im no sau y l chung cho cc kim loi nhm IA?
A. S lp electron. B. Bn knh nguyn t.
C. in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t. D. S oxi ho ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht.
Cu 11: Kim loi kim c tnh kh mnh nht trong tt c cc kim loi l do nguyn nhn no sau y?
A. Kim loi kim d nng chy nht nn d nhng electron.
B. Kim loi kim nh nht nn d nhng electron.
C. Kim loi kim c nng lng ion ho I
1
nh nht.
D. Kim loi kim ch c s oxi ho +1 trong cc hp cht.
KIM LOI KIM KIM LOI KIM
TH V HP CHT



Cu 12: Nhn nh khng ng v ng dng ca kim loi kim?
A. Ch to hp kim c nhit nng chy thp dng trong thit b bo chy.
B. Dng iu ch mt s kim loi him bng phng php nhit luyn.
C. M bo v kim loi.
D. Kim loi Cs dng ch to t bo quang in.
Cu 13: bo qun cc kim loi kim ngi ta
A. ngm chng trong nc. B. ngm chng trong ancol etylic.
C. gi chng trong l c y np kn. D. ngm chng trong du ho.
Cu 14: Kim loi kim c nhit nng chy thp v mm l do
A. c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm din tng i rng.
B. c khi lng ring nh.
C. c tnh kh rt mnh.
D. c lc lin kt kim loi trong mng tinh th km bn.
Cu 15: Ion Na
+
khng tn ti trong phn ng no sau y?
A. NaOH tc dng vi HCl. B. NaOH tc dng vi CuCl
2
.
C. phn hu NaHCO
3
bng nhit. D. in phn NaOH nng chy.
Cu 16: Pht biu no di y khng ng?
A. Phng php duy nht iu ch kim loi kim l phng php in phn.
B. Kim loi kim c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns
1
.
C. Kim loi kim c nng lng ion ho I
1
nh nht so vi cc kim loi khc nn kim loi kim c tnh
kh rt mnh.
D. Ion kim loi kim c tnh oxi ho rt mnh.
Cu 17: X, Y, Z l cc hp cht v c ca mt kim loi, khi t nng nhit cao cho ngn la mu
vng. X tc dng vi Y to thnh Z. Nung Y nhit cao to c Z, hi nc v kh E. Bit E l hp
cht ca cacbon, E tc dng vi X cho Y hoc Z. Vy X, Y, Z, E ln lt l
A. NaOH, NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
, CO
2
. B. Na
2
CO
3
, NaOH, NaHCO
3
, CO
2
.
C. NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
, NaHCO
3
, CO
2
. D. NaOH, NaHCO
3
, CO
2
, Na
2
CO
3
.
Cu 18: Trong thng in phn dung dch NaCl iu ch NaOH, cc dng lm bng than ch (graphit).
Ngi ta khng dng st v l do no sau y?
A. Than ch khng b kh Cl
2
n mn. B. Than ch khng b dung dch NaCl ph hu.
C. Than ch dn in tt hn st. D. Than ch r hn st.
Cu 19: Trong cc qu trnh sau y ion Na
+
th hin tnh oxi ho hay tnh kh?
1. in phn NaOH nng chy.
2. in phn dung dch NaOH c mng ngn.
3. Nhit phn NaHCO
3
nhit cao.
A. 1 v 2 th hin tnh oxi ho; 3 th hin tnh kh.
B. 1 th hin tnh oxi ho; 2, 3 th hin tnh kh.
C. 1 th hin tnh oxi ho; 2, 3 khng th hin tnh oxi ho v kh.
D. 1, 2, 3 u th hin tnh oxi ho.
Cu 20: Trong cng nghip iu ch NaOH ngi ta dng phng php no sau y?
A. Cho Na tc dng vi nc. B. Cho Na
2
CO
3
tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn. D. Cho Na
2
O tc dng vi nc.
Cu 21: Thc hin hon ton cc qu trnh ho hc v in ho hc sau y?
(1) NaOH tc dng vi dung dch HCl. (2) NaOH tc dng vi dung dch CuCl
2
.
(3) Phn hu NaHCO
3
bng nhit. (4) in phn NaOH nng chy.
(5) in phn dung dch NaOH. (6) in phn NaCl nng chy.
C bao nhiu trng hp ion Na
+
c tn ti sau cc qu trnh ho hc v in ha hc nh trn
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 22: Trong mt lt dung dch Na
2
SO
4
0,2M c tng s mol cc ion do mui phn li ra l
A. 0,2 mol. B. 0,4 mol. C. 0,6 mol. D. 0,8 mol.


Cu 23: trng thi c bn, nguyn t kim loi kim th c s electron ho tr l
A. 1e. B. 2e. C. 3e. D. 4e.
Cu 24: Xp cc kim loi kim th theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, th
A. bn knh nguyn t gim dn. B. nng lng ion ho gim dn.
C. tnh kh gim dn. D. kh nng tc dng vi nc gim dn.
Cu 25: So vi nguyn t canxi, nguyn t kali c
A. bn knh ln hn v m in ln hn.
B. bn knh ln hn v m in nh hn.
C. bn knh nguyn t nh hn v m in nh hn.
D. bn knh nh hn v m in ln hn.
Cu 26: Cu no sau y din t ng tnh cht ca kim loi kim th?
A. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng theo chiu tng ca nng lng ion ho.
B. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng theo chiu gim ca ca nng lng ion ho.
C. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng theo chiu tng ca th in cc chun.
D. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng theo chiu tng ca m in.
Cu 27: Trong nhng nhn nh sau, nhn nh no khng ng i vi kim loi kim th?
A. bn knh nguyn t tng dn. B. tnh kh tng dn.
C. nng lng ion ho gim dn. D. th in cc chun E
0
tng dn.
Cu 28: Nhn nh no khng ng v cu to v tnh cht vt l ca cc kim loi nhm IIA?
A. khi lng ring tng i nh, chng l nhng kim loi nh hn Al (tr Ba).
B. nhit nng chy v nhit si tng i thp (tr Be)
C. cng tuy c cao hn kim loi kim nhng nhn chung chng l nhng kim loi mm hn nhm.
D. mng tinh th ca chng u l kiu lp phng tm khi.
Cu 29: Nhn nh no sau y khng ng khi ni v kim loi nhm IIA?
A. Cc kim loi nhm IIA u c cng mt kiu mng tinh th.
B. Kim loi Ca, Sr, Ba u tc dng mnh vi nc nhit thng.
C. Trong cc hp cht kim loi nhm IIA thng c s oxi ho +2.
D. Tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t tng dn theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.
Cu 30: Cc nguyn t trong cc cp cht no sau y c tnh cht tng t nhau?
A. Mg v S. B. Ca v Br
2
. C. Ca v Mg. D. S v Cl
2
.
Cu 31: So snh no gia Ca v Mg sau y khng ng?
A. u tc dng vi nc nhit thng.
B. u c iu ch bng cch in phn mui clorua nng chy ca chng.
C. C s electron ho tr bng nhau.
D. Nng lng ion ho I
2
ca Mg ln hn ca Ca.
Cu 32: Nhn xt no di y khng ng?
A. Cc kim loi kim th c tnh kh mnh.
B. Tnh kh ca kim loi kim th tng dn t Be n Ba.
C. Tnh kh ca kim loi kim th yu hn kim loi kim cng chu k.
D. Cc ion kim loi kim th c in tch +1 hoc +2.
Cu 33: Phng trnh ho hc no di y khng ng?
A. 2NaHCO
3
+ 2KOH Na
2
CO
3
+ K
2
CO
3
+ 2H
2
O.
B. 2NaCl + 2H
2
O
p dd
c m ng ng n

2NaOH + H
2
+ Cl
2
.
C. 2KNO
3

0
t
2K + 2NO
2
+ O
2
.
D. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
CaCO
3
+ 2NaHCO
3
.
Cu 34: iu ch Ca c th dung phng php no sau y?
A. in phn CaCl
2
nng chy.
B. dng C kh CaO trong l in.
C. dng kim loi Na y Ca ra khi dung dch CaCl
2
.


D. in phn dung dch CaCl
2
.
Cu 35: Nhm cc kim loi no sau y u tc dng c vi nc nhit thng?
A. K, Pb, Ca, Ba. B. Na, K, Ca, Ba. C. Na, Sn, Ba, Be. D. K, Na, Ba, Fe.
Cu 36: Khi so snh vi kim loi kim cng chu k, nhn xt no v kim loi kim th di y l ng?
A. Th in chun m hn. B. cng ln hn.
C. Khi lng ring nh hn. D. Nhit si v nhit nng chy thp hn.
Cu 37: Cho s sau: Ca X Y Z T Ca. Th t cc cht X, Y, Z, T c th l
A. CaO, Ca(OH)
2
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, CaCO
3
. B. CaO, CaCO
3
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, CaCl
2
.
C. CaCl
2
, CaCO
3
, CaO, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. D. CaO, CaCl
2
, CaCO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
.
Cu 38: Cho s chuyn ho sau:

X
1
X
2
Y
1
Y
2
Ca(OH)
2
Na
2
SO
4
CO
2
X
+
+ HCl
+
Z
+
+ ....
+ ....

Cht X c th l
A. CaCO
3
. B. BaSO
3
. C. BaCO
3
. D. MgCO
3
.
Cu 39: Cho s sau: Ca X
2
H O
Y Z
2 2
CO H O +
G
o
t
H
Cht rn H l
A. CaCO
3
. B. CaO. C. Ca(OH)
2
. D. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
Cu 40: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca Ca(OH)
2
?
A. lm vi va xy nh. B. kh chua t trng trt.
C. b bt khi b gy xng. D. ch to clorua vi l cht ty trng v kh trng.
Cu 41: Phn ng no di y ng thi gii thch s to thnh thch nh trong hang ng v s xm nhp
ca nc ma i vi vi?
A. CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2

Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2

CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O.
C. Ca(OH)
2
+ 2CO
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. D. CaCO
3
+ HCl CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O.
Cu 42: C 5 l ng 5 ho cht ring bit: Ba(OH)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
, NaNO
3
. Thuc th dng
nhn bit chng l
A. dung dch HCl. B. dung dch KOH.
C. dung dch BaCl
2
. D. giy qu tm.
Cu 43: M l kim loi trong s cc kim loi sau: Cu, Ba, Zn, Mg. Dung dch mui MCl
2
phn ng vi dung dch
Na
2
CO
3
hoc Na
2
SO
4
to kt ta, nhng khng to kt ta kh phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. M l
A. Mg. B. Zn. C. Cu. D. Ba.
Cu 44: phn bit 4 cht rn: Na
2
CO
3
, CaCO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
, CaSO
4
.2H
2
O ng trong 4 l mt nhn ring
bit, ngi ta dng nhm thuc th no sau y?
A. Qu tm m, dung dch H
2
SO
4
c. B. H
2
O v dung dch HCl.
C. H
2
O v dung dch NaOH. D. Dung dch NaOH v dung dch phenolphtalein.
Cu 45: Mt dung dch cha cc ion: Na
+
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Ba
2+
, H
+
, Cl
. Phi dng dung dch cht no sau y

loi ht cc ion: Ca
2+
, Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
, H
+
ra khi dung dch ban u m khng a thm ion l vo?
A. dung dch Na
2
SO
4
va . B. dung dch K
2
CO
3
va .
C. dung dch Na
2
CO
3
va . D. dung dch AgNO
3
va .
Cu 46: Nc cng l loi nc cha:
A. Nhiu cht bn. B. Nhiu ion Na
+
, H
+
.
C. Nhiu ion Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
. D. Nhiu ho cht c hi.
Cu 46: Nhn nh no sau y khng ng?
A. Nc c cha nhiu ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
gi l nc cng.
B. Nc cha t hoc khng cha cc ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
gi l nc mm.


C. Nc cng c cha anion
3
HCO
l nc cng tm thi; cha anion Cl
hoc
2
4
SO

hoc c hai l
nc cng vnh cu.
D. Nc t nhin thng ch c tnh cng tm thi.
Cu 47: Nhn nh no sau y khng ng v cch lm mm nc cng?
A. lm gim nng cc ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
trong nc cng.
B. thay th cc ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
trong nc cng bng ion Na
+
.
C. chuyn cc ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
vo hp cht khng tan.
D. lm gim nng cc ion
3
HCO
, Cl
,
2
4
SO

trong nc cng.
Cu 48: Nc cng khng gy tc hi no sau y?
A. Lm gim kh nng ty ra ca x phng, lm cho qun o mau mc nt.
B. Gy lng ph nhin liu v mt an ton cho cc ni hi, lm tc cc ng ng nc nng.
C. Gy ng c cho nc ung.
D. Lm hng dung dch pha ch, lm thc phm lu chn v gim mi v ca thc phm.
Cu 49: Anion gc axit no sau y c th lm mm nc cng?
A.
3
NO
. B.
2
4
SO

. C.
4
ClO
. D.
3
4
PO

.
Cu 50: C th loi b tnh cng tm thi ca nc bng cch un si v l do no sau y?
A. Nc si nhit cao ( 100
o
C, p sut kh quyn).
B. Khi un si lm tng tan ca cc cht kt ta.
C. Khi un si cc cht kh ho tan trong nc thot ra.
D. Cc mui hirocacbonat ca canxi v magie b phn hu bi nhit to kt ta.
Cu 51: Cho cc phn ng biu th cc phng php khc nhau lm mm nc cng (dng M
2+
thay cho
Ca
2+
v Mg
2+
).
1. M
2+
+
2
3
CO

MCO
3
. 2. M
2+
+
3
HCO
+ OH
MCO
3
+ H
2
O.
3. 3M
2+
2
3
4
PO

M
3
(PO
4
)
2
. 4. M(HCO
3
)
2

o
t
MCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O.
Phng php ch dng lm mm nc cng tm thi l
A. 4. B. 2, 4. C. 1, 2, 3, 4. D. 2.
Cu 52: Nhn nh no khng ng v cch lm mm nc cng?
A. un si nc cng lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc.
B. Cho nc cng i qua cht trao i ion (cc ht zeolit) loi b cc ion Ca
2+
v Mg
2+
ra khi nc
cng.
C. Thm dung dch Na
2
CO
3
kh tnh cng tm thi v tnh cng vnh cu ca nc.
D. Thm mt lng d dung dch nc vi trong vo nc cng kh tnh cng tm thi ca nc.
Cu 53: C 3 cc ng ln lt: nc ma, nc cng tm thi, nc cng vnh cu. Phng php ho hc
dng nhn ra mi cc l
A. dng dung dch Na
2
CO
3
. B. dng dung dch Na
3
PO
4
.
C. un si sau dng dung dch Na
2
CO
3
. D. ch cn un si.
Cu 54: C th dng cht no sau y: HCl, NaCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
lm mm nc cng tm thi?
A. dng dung dch HCl.
B. dng dung dch NaCl.
C. dng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
va hoc dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
D. dng c c 4 cht trn.
Cu 55: Trong mt cc nc cha 0,02 mol Ca
2+
; 0,01 mol Mg
2+
; 0,04 mol
3
HCO
; 0,02 mol Cl
. Nc
trong cc thuc loi
A. nc cng tm thi. B. nc cng vnh cu.
C. nc cng ton phn. D. nc mm.
Cu 56: Trong cc phng php lm mm nc cng, phng php ch kh c cng tm thi ca
nc l
A. phng php ho hc (s dng Na
2
CO
3
, Na
3
PO
4
).


B. phng php nhit.
C. phng php trao i ion.
D. phng php lc.
Cu 57: Cht no sau y lm mm nc cng tm thi?
A. NaCl. B. H
2
SO
4
. C. Na
2
CO
3
. D. KNO
3
.
Cu 58: Mt loi nc cng khi un si th mt tnh cng. Cc mui gy ra tnh cng trong dung dch nc
cng l
A. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, MgCl
2
. B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, Mg(HCO
3
)
2
.
C. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, CaCl
2
. D. MgCl
2
, CaSO
4
.
Cu 59: Nc t nhin c cha ion no di y th c gi l nc c tnh cng tm thi?
A. Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Cl
. B. Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
,
2
4
SO

.
C. Cl
,
2
4
SO

,
3
HCO
, Ca
2+
. D.
3
HCO
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
.
Cu 60: Mt loi nc cng khi c un si th mt tnh cng. Trong loi nc cng ny c ho tan nhng hp
cht no sau y?
A. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, MgCl
2
. B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, Mg(HCO
3
)
2
.
C. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, CaCl
2
. D. MgCl
2
, CaSO
4
.
Cu 61: iu no di y v nc cng l khng ng?
A. Nc cng c cha ng thi anion
3
HCO
v
2
4
SO

hoc Cl
l nc cng ton phn.

B. Nc c cha nhiu Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
.
C. Nc khng cha hoc cha t ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
l nc mm.
D. Nc cng c cha mt trong hai ion Cl
v
2
4
SO

hoc c hai l nc cng tm thi.
Cu 62: Cho cc cht sau: NaCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, HCl, NaHSO
4
. S cht c th lm mm nc cng tm
thi l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 63: Cht c kh nng lm mm nc cng ton phn l
A. Ca(NO
3
)
2
. B. NaCl. C. Na
2
CO
3
. D. CaCl
2
.
Cu 64: Trong t nhin thng c ln mt lng nh cc mui Ca(NO
3
)
2
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
,
Mg(HCO
3
)
2
. Dung dch no sau y c th loi ng thi cc cation trong cc mui trn ra khi nc?
A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch K
2
SO
4
.
C. dung dch Na
2
CO
3
. D. dung dch NaNO
3
.
Cu 65: C 4 cc mt nhn ng ring bit cc cht sau: Nc nguyn cht, nc cng tm thi, nc cng
vnh cu, nc cng ton phn. Ho cht dng nhn bit cc cc trn l
A. NaHCO
3
. B. MgCO
3
. C. Na
2
CO
3
. D. Ca(OH)
2
.
Cu 66: iu ch kim loi Mg bng cch in phn MgCl
2
nng chy, qu trnh no xy ra catot (cc
m)?
A. Mg Mg
2+
+ 2e. B. Mg
2+
+ 2e Mg.
C. 2Cl
Cl
2
+ 2e. D. Cl
2
+ 2e

2Cl
.
Cu 67: C th iu ch trc tip NaOH t cc cht no sau y?
A. Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
O, NaHCO
3
. B. Na, Na
2
CO
3
, NaCl.
C. NaAlO
2
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
. D. Na
2
O, NaHCO
3
, NaCl.
Cu 68: Cho cc hp cht: Ca, Ca(OH)
2
, CaCO
3
, CaO. Da vo mui quan h gia cc hp cht v c, hy
chn dy bin i no sau y c th thc hin c.
A. Ca CaCO
3
Ca(OH)
2
CaO. B. Ca CaO Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
.
C. CaCO
3
Ca CaO Ca(OH)
2
. D. CaCO
3
Ca(OH)
2
Ca CaO.
Cu 69: Trong mt dung dch c a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl
, d mol
3
HCO
. Biu thc lin h gia a,

b, c, d l
A. a + b = c + d. B. 2a + 2b = c + d. C. 3a + 3b = c + d. D. 2a + c = b + d.
Cu 70: Cht no sau y khng b phn hu khi nung nng?


A. Mg(NO
3
)
2
. B. CaCO
3
. C. CaSO
4
. D. Mg(OH)
2
.
Cu 71: Theo thuyt Bron stet, ion no sau y (trong dung dch) c tnh lng tnh?
A.
2
3
CO

. B. OH
. C. Ca
2+
. D.
3
HCO
.
Cu 72: Khi in phn MgCl
2
nng chy th
A. cc dng, ion Mg
2+
b oxi ho. B. cc m, ion Mg
2+
b kh.
C. cc dng, nguyn t Mg
2+
b oxi ho. D. cc m, nguyn t Mg b kh.
Cu 73: Cch no sau y thng c dng iu ch kim loi Ca?
A. in phn dung dch CaCl
2
c mng ngn.
B. in phn CaCl
2
nng chy.
C. Dng Al kh CaO nhit cao.
D. Dng kim loi Ba y Ca ra khi dung dch CaCl
2
.



B. CC DNG TON TRNG TM

DNG TON TRNG TM 5:

I. C S L THUYT V PHNG PHP GII TON

II. CC V D MINH HO

V d 1: Cho mt mu kim loi Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H
2
(
ktc). Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 60 ml. D. 30 ml.
KIM LOI, OXIT KIM LOI
TC DNG VI NC, AXIT
Cc kim loi kim v kim loi kim th (Ca, Ba) tc dng c vi H
2
O nhit thng, thu c
dung dch kim v gii phng ra kh H
2
. C rt nhiu bi ton lin quan n dung dch kim va thu
c: phn ng trung ho, ho tan Al hoc hp cht ca Al,... Cc bi ton thng gp:
(1) Kim loi kim, kim loi kim th tc dng vi H
2
O dung dch kim v H
2
. Trung ho dung
dch kim bng dung dch axit (HCl, H
2
SO
4
,...).
p dng phng trnh ion thu gn: H
+
+ OH
H
2
O
C = 2 .
(2) Hn hp (kim loi kim, kim loi kim th) v Al (hoc Zn) tc dng vi H
2
O.
Ch c kim loi kim, kim loi kim th (Ca, Ba) mi tc dng vi H
2
O thi. Sau phn ng thu c
dung dch kim v gii phng ra kh H
2
. Sau mi n Al (hoc Zn) phn ng vi dung dch kim .
V d:
Al + OH
+ H
2
O + H
2

(3) Cho hn hp (kim loi kim, kim loi kim th) v Al
Trng hp 1: Cho tc dng vi H
2
O d thu c V
1
lt kh H
2
.
Trng hp 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch kim d thu c V
2
lt kh H
2
.
Ta so snh:
Nu V
1
< V
2
, trng hp 1 Al cha tan ht (hay gp hn)
Nu V
1
= V
2
, trng hp ny Al tan ht.
Cc phng php p dng: S dng phng trnh ion thu gn, bo ton nguyn t v bo ton mol
electron,...
Qua cc v d, cc em s thy r c cc dng v cch gii c th.


T duy nhanh: Ch cn tnh s mol OH
, cc em c cng thc s mol H

+
phn ng. Ch l H
2
SO
4

phn li ra 2 H
+
nh.
Hng dn gii:

2
H
n = 0,15 mol
OH
n

= 2.0,15 = 0,03 mol
2 4
H SO
n =
0, 03
2
= 0,15 mol
2 4
H SO
V =
0,15
2
= 0,075 lt.
p n B.

T duy nhanh: Do cc th tch o cng iu kin nn t l th tch bng t l v s mol. Ta thy rng V
1
<
V
2
nn kim loi Al d sau khi hn hp X tc dng vi H
2
O.
Hng dn gii:
t x, y ln lt l s mol ca Na v Al trong hn hp X.
* X + H
2
O: Al d sau phn ng
Na + H
2
O NaOH +
1
2
H
2

x x 1/2x
Al + OH
+ H
2
O
2
AlO
+
3
2
H
2

x 3/2x

2
H
n =
1
2
x +
3
2
x = 1 mol (Ly V = n = 1 mol) (1);
* X + NaOH d: Na, Al phn ng ht
Na + H
2
O NaOH +
1
2
H
2

x x 1/2x
Al + OH
+ H
2
O
2
AlO
+
3
2
H
2

y 3/2y

2
H
n =
1
2
x +
3
2
y = 1,75 (2);
Gii (1) v (2) x = 0,5 v y = 1 mol
%m
Na
=
0, 5.23
0, 5.23 1.27 +
= 29,87%.
p n D.
Kinh nghim: Khi chng ta quen vi phng trnh phn ng v nh cc h s, cc em nn vit s rt
gn cho nhanh. Th d: Kim loi Al tc dng vi axit hay dung dch kim th u thu c: Al
( )
H OH
+

3
2
H
2
. Nn trong tnh ton, cc em s ho v da vo d kin tnh ton cho ra kt qu nhanh hn.
V d 2 (H khi B - 2007): Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot
ra V lt kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn
trm khi lng Na trong X l (bit cc th tch o trong cng iu kin)
A. 39,87%. B. 77,31%. C. 49,87%. D. 29,87%.


T duy nhanh: Kim loi khng tan l Al, v vy Al cha phn ng ht. Cc em nh h s thu c kh
cho hn hp Na v Al tc dng vi H
2
O ri d dng tm c s mol Na (nh v d trn) v suy ra c
s mol Al phn ng v Al d.
Hng dn gii:
Gi x l s mol Na phn ng.
Tng s mol H
2
thu c phng trnh Na tc dng vi H
2
O cn Al tc dng vi dung dch NaOH l:

1
2
x +
3
2
x = 0,4 mol x = 0,2 mol n
Na
= 0,2 mol n
Al ban u
= 0,4 mol (do t l 1 : 2). M Al phn
ng vi dung dch NaOH l x mol hay 0,2 mol n
Al d
= 0,4 0,2 = 0,2 mol m = m
Al d
= 0,2.27 = 5,4
gam.
p n B.

T duy nhanh: Cc em so snh s mol H
+
v OH
, ci no d sau phn ng th ta tnh pH theo ci d .

Hng dn gii:

OH
n = 2
2
H
n = 2.0,025 = 0,05 mol.

H
n
+
= 2
2 4
H SO
n + n
HCl
= 0,07 mol.
Sau phn ng trung ho xy ra th H
+
d,
d H
n
+
= 0,07 0,05 = 0,02 mol.
[H
+
]
dung dch Y
=
d H
n
V
+
=
0, 02
0, 2
= 0,1 mol pH = lg0,1 = 1.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: Theo hng truyn thng ta s thit lp c 3 phng trnh nhng c 4 n (x, y ln lt s
mol ca M v M
2
O
n
). Kh nhiu bn theo hng ny mt nhiu thi gian hn.
Nhng nu cc em quan st th thy rng trong 4 p n th chia ra l 2 trng hp. Kim loi kim c ho
tr I v kim loi kim th c ho tr II, cc em d dng t oxit kim loi l M
2
O hoc MO gii.
Hng dn gii:
V d 3 (H khi A - 2008): Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H
2
( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,8. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 43,2.
V d 4 (H khi B - 2009): Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo
nc, thu c 500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Kim
loi M l
A. Na. B. Ca. C. Ba. D. K.
V d 4: Ho tan hon ton hn hp Na, K, Ba vo H
2
O (d) c 100 ml dung dch X v 0,56 lt H
2

(ktc). Cho 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H
2
SO
4
0,2M v HCl 0,3M vo 100 ml dung dch X c
dung dch Y. Gi tr pH ca dung dch Y l
A. 1,0. B. 7,0. C. 4,0. D. 9,0.


Cch 1: Theo hng truyn thng:
t x, y ln lt l s mol ca M v M
2
O
n
(n l ho tr ca kim loi M).
Khi lng ca hn hp: Mx + (2M + 16n)y = 2,9 (1);
Khi cho hn hp vo H
2
O, ch c M phn ng vi H
2
O to kh H
2
:
M + H
2
O M(OH)
n
+
n
2
H
2
; M
2
O
n
+ nH
2
O 2M(OH)
n

x x x
n
2
y 2y

2
H
n = 0,01 mol xn = 0,02 (2);
V s mol cht tan M(OH)
n
: x + 2y = 0,02 mol (3);
Gii (1), (2) v (3) M + 8n = 153 (Cc em s mt thi gian khi gii ra n y) Vi gi tr n = 2, M
= 137 (Ba) l tho mn.
Cch 2: Chia lm 2 trng hp:
* TH1: M (x mol) v M
2
O (y mol) M l kim loi Na hoc K
M phn ng vi H
2
O to ra kh H
2

2
H
n = 0,01 mol n
M
= 0,02 mol. M tng s mol cht tan trong
dung dch l bng 0,02 mol Loi trng hp ny. V s mol cht tan = x + 2y = 0,02 mol, trong x =
0,02 mol ri y = 0 (v l).
* Chc chn l TH2: M (x mol) v MO (y mol) M l kim loi Ca hoc Ba.
Tng khi lng: Mx + (M + 16)y = 2,9 (1);
S mol kh H
2
do M to ra l x =
2
H
n = 0,01 mol (2);
S mol cht tan:
( )
2
M OH
n = x + y = 0,02 (3).
Gii (2) v (3) x = 0,01 v y = 0,01. Thay x, y vo (1) th M = 137 (Ba)
V vy chn hng i ng m vn ra kt qu tng t, s tit kim thi gian.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: m
mui
= m
cation kim loi
+ m
anion gc axit
. Trong khi lng ca cation kim loi (bng khi
lng kim loi) bit, gi chng ta tm khi lng anion gc axit (Cl
v
2
4
SO

). T s mol H
2
s mol
OH
to thnh = s mol H
+
trong dung dch Y (phn ng trung ho H
+
vi OH
t l 1 : 1) cc em tm
c s mol Cl
v
2
4
SO

.
Hng dn gii:

OH
n = 2
2
H
n = 2.0,12 = 0,24 mol
H
n
+
= 0,24 mol
Trong dung dch Y c 4x mol HCl v x mol H
2
SO
4
(v t l mol l 4 : 1)
H
n
+
= 4x + 2x = 0,24 (mol)
x = 0,04
V d 5 (H khi A - 2010): Ho tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c
dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1.
Trung ho dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam. B. 12,78 gam. C. 18,46 gam. D. 14,62 gam.


Vy trong Y:
2 4
2
4
SO
HCl
Cl
H SO
n 4.0, 04 0,16 mol n 0,16mol
n 0, 04mol n 0, 04mol
= = =
= =

Tng khi lng mui to thnh l: m
mui
= 8,94 + 0,16.35,5 + 0,04.96 = 18,46 gam.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: y l cu hi kh c bn v tnh ca kim loi tc dng vi H
2
O v axit. Ta thy rng,
phn 1 cho vo KOH d th c K v Al u phn ng ht to ra kh H
2
. Nhng phn 2 ch c K phn ng
vi thu c dung dch KOH, lc ny Al phn ng vi dung dch KOH cho ra H
2
v kim loi Al vn d sau
phn ng ny (tt nhin l Fe khng phn ng ri). Hn hp kim loi Y l Al d v Fe d. bi cho 3 kim
loi v yu cu tnh khi lng 3 kim loi th chng ta t 3 n, thit lp h 3 phng trnh.
Nhng nu bn no lm nhiu dng ny th t d kin phn 2 tc dng vi H
2
O, cc em c th tnh ra s
mol K v Al phn ng v da vo d kin phn 1 ta li tnh c s mol Al ban u.
Hng dn gii:
Gi x l s mol ca K.
Phn 2:
2
H
n = 0,02 mol
1
2
x +
3
2
x = 0,02 x = 0,01 mol n
K
= 0,01 mol m
K
= 0,39 gam.
Loi ngay c 2 p n B v D. (Chn ngu nhin 50 : 50).
Phn 1:
2
H
n = 0,035 mol
1
2
x +
3
2
y = 0,035 mol (trong y l s mol ca Al), c x = 0,01 y = 0,02;
phn 1: n
Al phn ng
= n
NaOH
= n
Na
= 0,01 mol Vy n
Al d phn 2
= 0,02 0,01 = 0,01 mol.
Vy trong hn hp kim loi Y:
Al d: 0, 01mol
Fe

Y + HCl d:
S mol H
2
sinh ra do Al phn ng l:
2
H
n =
3
2
n
Al
=
3
2
.0,01 = 0,015 mol;
M
2
H
n = 0,025 mol s mol H
2
do Fe phn ng l: 0,025 0,015 = 0,01 mol n
Fe
= 0,01 mol (1Fe
phn ng vi HCl thu c 1H
2
, hoc da vo bo ton mol e, s e cho bng 2 v s e nhn bng 2). Vy
khi lng Fe l 0,56 gam.
p n C.

V d 6 (H khi A - 2011): Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Cho phn 1 vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 0,784 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
- Cho phn 2 vo mt lng d H
2
O, thu c 0,448 lt kh H
2
(ktc) v m gam hn hp kim loi Y.
Ho tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
Khi lng (tnh theo gam) ca K, Al, Fe trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l:
A. 0,39; 0,54; 1,40. B. 0,78; 1,08; 0,56. C. 0,39; 0,54; 0,56. D. 0,78; 0,54; 1,12.
V d 7 (C - 2011): ho tan hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm kim loi R (ch c ha tr II) v oxit ca
n cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi R l
A. Ba. B. Be. C. Mg. D. Ca.


T duy nhanh: Theo hng tip cn truyn thng t x, y ln lt l s mol ca R v oxit RO th chng ta c
3 n (x, y v R) t nht l phi c h 3 phng trnh th mi tm ra c. V vy ta khng theo hng tip
cn ny c.
Khi R v RO cng phn ng vi HCl th 1 mol R hoc 1 mol RO cn 2 mol HCl. Nu bit s mol HCl
phn ng s mol ca R v RO. Da vo khi lng hn hp, cc em tm gi tr khi lng mol trung bnh
( M) khong gii hn ca R, suy ra kim loi R l kim loi no.
Hng dn gii:
n
HCl
= 0,4 mol n
(R, RO)
= 0,2 mol.
M=
6, 4
0, 2
= 32.
Theo M th: R < M = 32 < R + 16 (RO) 16 < R < 32 Vy R ch c th l Mg (24).
p n C.

T duy nhanh: Cc i lng ch cho gi tr tng trng, tng i nn ta t chn gi tr d dng tnh
ton. Ta chn V = 1 lt (tng ng l 1 mol, v trong cng iu kin c t l th tch = t l v s mol). Da
vo d kin hn hp X tc dng vi H
2
O cc em tnh c s mol Na v Al. Xem Al phn ng ht cha hay
cn d. T tm s mol Fe da vo s mol kh H
2
thu c khi cho Y phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
.
Hng dn gii:
Trong hn hp X
Na :2xmol
Al :xmol
;
* X tc dng vi H
2
O:
Na + H
2
O NaOH +
1
2
H
2

2x 2x x (mol)
Al + NaOH + H
2
O NaAlO
2
+
3
2
H
2

x x
3
2
x
Sau phn ng ny Al phn ng ht (do NaOH c 2x mol).

2
H
n = x +
3
2
x = 1 x = 0,4 n
Al
= 0,4 mol;
* Cht rn Y l Fe, cho phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
:
2
H
n = 0,25 mol n
Fe
= 0,25 mol.
Vy t l
Fe
Al
0, 25
0, 4
n
n
= =
5
8

p n D.
V d 8 (C - 2012): Hn hp X gm Na, Al v Fe (vi t l s mol gia Na v Al tng ng l 2 : 1). Cho X
tc dng vi H
2
O (d) thu c cht rn Y v V lt kh. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long
(d) thu c 0,25V lt kh. Bit cc kh o cng iu kin, cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. T l s mol
ca Fe v Al trong X tng ng l
A. 16 : 5. B. 5 : 16. C. 1 : 2. D. 5 : 8.


III. BI TP T LUYN
Cu 1: Nng ca dung dch to thnh khi ho tan 39 gam kali kim loi vo 362 gam H
2
O l kt qu no
sau y?
A. 15,47%. B. 13,97%. C. 14%. D. 14,04%.
Cu 2: Cho 3 gam hn hp gm Na v kim loi kim M tc dng vi nc. trung ho dung dch thu
c cn 800 ml dung dch HCl 0,25M. Kim loi M l
A. Li. B. Cs. C. K. D. Rb.
Cu 3: Ho tan 4,7 gam K
2
O vo 195,3 gam nc. Nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c l
A. 2,6%. B. 6,2%. C. 2,8%. D. 8,2%.
Cu 4: Cho 17 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim ng k tip nhau trong nhm IA tc dng vi nc
thu c 6,72 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y.
a) Hn hp X gm
A. Li v Na. B. Na v K. C. K v Rb. D. Rb v Cs.
b) Th tch dung dch HCl 2M cn dng trung ho dung dch Y l
A. 200 ml. B. 250 ml. C. 300 ml. D. 350 ml.
Cu 5: Cho 3,9 gam kali tc dng vi nc thu c 100 ml dung dch. Nng mol ca dung dch KOH
thu c l
A. 0,1M. B. 0,5M. C. 1M. D. 0,75M.
Cu 6: 1,24 gam Na
2
O tc dng vi nc, c 100 ml dung dch. Nng mol ca cht trong dung dch l
A. 0,04M. B. 0,02M. C. 0,4M. D. 0,2M.
Cu 7: Cho 6,2 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim tc dng ht vi nc thy c 2,24 lt H
2
(ktc) bay ra. C cn
dung dch th khi lng cht rn khan thu c l
Cu 8: Ho tan hon ton 5,2 gam hai kim loi kim 2 chu k lin tip vo nc thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2

(ktc). Hai kim loi l
A. Li v Na. B. Na v K. C. K v Rb. D. Rb v Cs.
Cu 9: Cho 2 gam mt kim loi thuc nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 5,55 gam mui
clorua. Kim loi l kim loi no sau y?
A. Be. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Ba.
Cu 10: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim k tip nhau tc dng vi 100 gam dung dch HCl 3,65% thu
c dung dch X. Cho MgCl
2
d vo dung dch X thu c 4,35 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi l
A. Na v K. B. Li v Na. C. K v Rb. D. Rb v Cs.
Cu 11: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh
nhm II) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Hai kim loi l
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ca v Sr.
Cu 12: Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml dung dch HCl
1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong X l
A. Mg v Ca. B. Be v Mg. C. Mg v Sr. D. Be v Ca.
Cu 13: X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn hp gm kim loi
X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Mt khc, khi cho 1,9 gam
X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra cha n 1,12 lt ( ktc).
Kim loi X l
A. Ba. B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg.
Cu 14: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th vo nc thu
c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch X. trung ho hon ton dung dch X cn va V ml dung dch
HCl 2M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 100. B. 20. C. 200. D. 50.
Cu 15: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th tan hon ton vo nc thu c dung
dch Y v gii phng 2,688 lt H
2
(ktc). Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M cn thit trung ho dung dch Y l
A. 120 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 30 ml. D. 60 ml.


Cu 16: Cho 24,8 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim th v oxit ca n tc dng vi dung dch HCl d
thu c 55,5 gam mui khan. Kim loi kim th l
A. Ca. B. Sr. C. Ba. D. Mg.
Cu 17: Cho 1,78 gam 2 kim loi ho tr II tan hon ton trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, gii phng c
0,896 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Nu 2 kim loi c s mol bng nhau th 2 kim loi l
A. Ca v Ba. B. Ca v Fe. C. Mg v Fe. D. Mg v Zn.
Cu 18: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Ba v Al. Ho tan X vo cc nc d thy c 0,896 lt kh thot ra.
Nhng nu ho tan X vo dung dch NaOH d th thu c 1,344 lt kh. Cc th tch kh o ktc. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 2,27. B. 5,84. C. 6,56. D. 14,6.
Cu 19: Cho 12,4 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim th v oxit ca n tc dng vi dung dch HCl d
th thu c 27,75 gam mui khan. Kim loi kim th l
A. Ba. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Sr.
Cu 20: Ho tan hon ton 1,36 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim k tip nhau trong nhm IA vo nc c
0,56 lt kh H
2
(ktc). 2 kim loi l
A. Li, Na. B. Na, K. C. K, Rb. D. Rb, Cs.



DNG TON TRNG TM 6:


BI TON CO
2
, SO
2

TC DNG VI DUNG DCH KIM
y l bi ton c bn v in hnh, thng xut hin trong cc thi tuyn sinh H, C v dng
ton ny l mt dng ton d kim im. Cc em cn nm vng c s l thuyt v cch gii mt s
dng trng tm ( nu cc v d minh ho).
1) C s l thuyt:
Khi cho CO
2
hay SO
2
tc dng vi dung dch kim (OH
), v bn cht sinh ra sn phm tng t

nhau (CO
2
th cho mui cacbonat cn SO
2
th cho mui sunfit). y thy ly bi ton CO
2
tc dng
vi dung dch kim (cn SO
2
cc em cng xt tng t).
Khi cho CO
2
tc dng vi dung dch, phng trnh ion thu gn:
CO
2
+ 2OH

+ H
2
O (1)
CO
2
+ OH
(2)
Tu thuc vo t l mol gia CO
2
v OH
th c th thu c hoc hoc c v

.
Ta xt t l: T = ; C cc trng hp sau:
2) Cn ch v hiu r:
C Khi cho CO
2
tc dng vi dung dch kim d ch thu c v OH
d. Cho CO
2
d tc
dng vi OH
th ch thu c . Sinh ra 2 mui v th c CO

2
v OH
u phn ng
ht.
C Khi cho CO
2
tc dng vi lng kim ti thiu, t nht thu c mui duy nht l .
C Khi cho CO
2
tc dng vi OH
, sau phn ng thu c dung dch c kh nng:

+ phn ng c vi OH
(dung dch cho thm vo) chng t dung dch c .

+ phn ng c vi dung dch c cation Ca
2+
(hoc Ba
2+
) (dung dch c thm vo) to ra kt ta
chng t dung dch c .



+ un nng thu c kt ta dung dch c mui ca Ca(HCO
3
)
2
hoc Ba(HCO
3
)
2
.
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
C Khi bi ton cho ng thi c CO
2
v SO
2
th ta nn t chung mt cng thc XO
2
gii .
3) Cc dng cu hi ca bi ton v phng php gii c th:
(1) Bi ton xui: Cho v bi yu cu tnh lng , .
Xt T = ; Trong
Cc em thy rng khi ly phng trnh (2) (1), ta c cng thc gii nhanh:
=
(2) Bi ton ngc: Cho lng , (kt ta y l CaCO
3
hoc BaCO
3
) yu cu tnh s
mol (hoc V) CO
2
, OH
. Chia lm 2 dng nh sau

C Bi ton cho v tnh OH
. C 2 trng hp sau:
+ Nu = ch c , vy = 2 = 2
+ Nu < c c 2 mui v , p dng cng thc gii nhanh:
=
C Bi ton cho v tnh CO
2
. C 2 trng hp sau:
+ Nu = 2 Ch sinh ra , vy = .
+ Nu > 2 sinh ra c 2 mui , , p dng cng thc gii nhanh:
=

V vy cn ch lc no c 2 trng hp xy ra hoc xy ra ng thi c 2 trng hp, tnh
ton cho chnh xc v ra kt qu ng.
Chia s kinh nghim: Trong vic gii ton, thy cng khng nh ht c cc cng thc nh trn.
Quan trng l chng ta lm nhiu s thnh k nng gii ton, nhn nhn ra vn v a ra hng i
ng v nhanh. C nhiu bn nh my mc lm cho t duy hng ra chm chp hn. V vy vic rn
luyn vi cc bi tp l kh quan trng.
Trong vic gii cc bi ton cc em nn s l ht s liu v s mol.
+ Khi bi ton cho s mol cc cht nh NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)
2
, Ba(OH)
2
. Cc em tnh nhanh .
ri a ra nhn xt l bi ton xui hay ngc, a ra cch hng gii nhanh.
p dng cng thc tnh nhanh: = v p dng cc phng php: Bo ton mol
nguyn t (C hay S), bo ton in tch,...
Nh mt s khi lng mol ca cc cht: CaCO
3
(100); BaCO
3
(197); gc nh (60);
(61),...



II. CC V D MINH HO

T duy nhanh: y l bi ton ngc tnh
OH
n

. Cc em so snh s mol CO
2
v s mol kt ta BaCO
3
. p
dng cng thc gii nhanh trn tm s mol OH
.
Hng dn gii:

2
CO
n = 0,12 mol >
3
BaCO
n =
15, 76
197
= 0,08 mol to ra c
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO
.
p dng cng thc tnh nhanh:
2
3
CO
n

=
OH
n
2
CO
n

OH
n = 0,08 + 0,12 = 0,2 mol
( )
2
Ba OH
n = 0,1
mol [Ba(OH)
2
] = a =
0,1
2, 5
= 0,04M.
p n D.

T duy nhanh: Tnh
2
CO
n v
OH
n

. Xt t l T =
2
OH
CO
n
n

. Kt ta l BaCO
3
nn ta so snh s mol Ba
2+
v
2
3
CO

s mol v gi tr m ca BaCO
3
.
Hng dn gii:

2
CO
n = 0,2 mol;
OH
n

= n
NaOH
+ 2
( )
2
Ba OH
n = 0,5.0,1 + 0,5.0,2.2 = 0,25 mol.
C
2
OH
CO
n
n
=
0, 25
0, 2
= 1,25. p dng cng thc tnh nhanh:
2
3
CO
n

=
OH
n

2
CO
n = 0,25 0,2 = 0,05 mol.
Kt ta hnh thnh: Ba
2+
+
2
3
CO

BaCO
3
;
2
Ba
n
+
= 0,1 mol >
2
3
CO
n

= 0,05 mol.
Vy
3
BaCO
n = 0,05 mol m =
3
BaCO
m = 0,05.197 = 9,85 gam.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: Ging vi v d s 2, cc em cng lm tng t.
Hng dn gii:
V d 1 (H khi A - 2007): Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
a
mol/l th thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,032. B. 0,048. C. 0,06. D. 0,04.
2
( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp
gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70. B. 17,73. C. 9,85. D. 11,82.

V d 3 (H khi A - 2009): Cho 0,448 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn
hp NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)
2
0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,182. B. 3,940. C. 1,970. D. 2,364.



2
CO
n = 0,02 mol;

OH
n = n
NaOH
+ 2
( )
2
Ba OH
n = 0,03 mol T =
2
OH
CO
n
n
=
0, 03
0, 02
= 1,5.
y l trng hp c bit: T = 1,5 S mol ca
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO
bng nhau (nu bi ton c tnh ton

n s mol
3
HCO
).
Theo bo ton nguyn t cacbon, th
2
3
CO
n

=
0, 02
2
= 0,01 mol (hoc cc em p dng cng thc tnh
nhanh:
2
3
CO
n

=
OH
n
2
CO
n , cng cho ra cng kt qu).
Do
2
Ba
n
+
= 0,012 mol m
2
3
CO
n

= 0,01 mol
3
BaCO
n = 0,01 mol m =
3
BaCO
m = 0,01.197 = 0,197
gam.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: Bi kh nh nhnh, cc em tnh s mol CO
2
v s mol OH
, xt t l. bi ny cht tan l
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
.
Hng dn gii:

2
CO
n = 0,15 mol;
OH
n = 2
( )
2
Ba OH
n = 2.0,125 = 0,25 mol. T =
2
OH
CO
n
n
=
0, 25
0, 15
= 1,67.
p dng cng thc:
2
3
CO
n

=
OH
n
2
CO
n
2
3
CO
n

= 0,25 0,15 = 0,1 mol
Theo bo ton nguyn t C, ta thy 0,15 mol CO
2

OH

2
3
3
CO :0,1mol
HCO : x mol
x = 0,15 0,1 = 0,05

mol.
Vy
( )
3
2
Ba HCO
n =
0, 05
2
= 0,025 mol [Ba(HCO
3
)
2
] =
0, 025
0,125
= 0,2M.
Hoc cc em c th tnh s mol
3
HCO
theo phng php ng cho:

CO
3
2-
HCO
3
-
T =
5
3
(2)
(1)
3
2
3
1
2
1
0,1 mol
0,05 mol

[Ba(HCO
3
)
2
] =
0, 025
0,125
= 0,2M.
p n A.

V d 4 (C - 2010): Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M, thu
c dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X l
A. 0,2M. B. 0,6M. C. 0,1M. D. 0,4M.



T duy nhanh: Cc em vn xt t l T =
2
OH
CO
n
n
; Cc em nh so snh
2
Ca
n
+
vi
2
3
CO
n

tnh ton lng
CaCO
3
theo ci no.
Hng dn gii:

2
CO
n = 0,03 mol;

OH
n = n
NaOH
+ 2
( )
2
Ca OH
n = 0,025 + 2.0,0125 = 0,05 mol.
T =
2
OH
CO
n
n
= 1,67, Ta c
2
3
CO
n

=
OH
n
2
CO
n = 0,05 0,03 = 0,02 mol.

2
Ca
n
+
= 0,0125 mol <
2
3
CO
n

= 0,02 mol
3
CaCO
n =
2
Ca
n
+
= 0,0125 mol
x =
3
CaCO
m = 0,0125.100 = 1,25 gam.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: y li l mt bi ton quen thuc v d na. Cc em lm tng t v d trn.
Hng dn gii:

2
3
CO
n

=
OH
n
2
CO
n = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol. M
2
Ba
n
+
= 0,12 mol >
2
3
CO
n

3
BaCO
n = 0,1 mol.
m =
3
BaCO
m =0,1.197 = 19,7 gam.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: tnh c khi lng cht rn khan sau khi c cn dung dch th ta cn tnh khi lng
ca cc thnh cht tan trong dung dch . Ta vn xt t l T ri tnh ton thnh phn cht tan trong dung
dch X.
Hng dn gii:
T =
2
OH
CO
n
n
=
0, 04
0, 015
= 2,67 > 2 c
2
3
CO

v OH
cn d.

2
3
CO
n

=
2
CO
n = 0,015 mol.
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH
0,025M v Ca(OH)
2
0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,00. B. 1,00. C. 1,25. D. 0,75.

V d 6 (H khi B - 2012): Sc 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch hn hp Ba(OH)
2
0,12M v NaOH
0,06M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70. B. 23,64. C. 7,88. D. 13,79.
V d 7 (C - 2012): Hp th hon ton 0,336 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch gm NaOH 0,1M v
KOH 0,1M thu c dung dch X. C cn ton b dung dch X thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?



Dung dch X sau phn ng: Na
+
, K
+
;
2
3
CO

; OH
d. S mol Na
+
, K
+
vn bo ton (bng s mol NaOH
v KOH ban u). Cc em tnh s mol OH
?
Theo phng trnh ion:
CO
2
+ 2OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O
0,015 0,03
Vy OH
d: 0,04 0,03 = 0,01 mol.

Theo bo ton in tch: Trong dung dch X tng s mol in tch dng = Tng s mol in tch m.
Ta c:
Na
n
+
+
K
n
+
= 2
2
3
CO
m

+
OH
n

d OH
n = 0,02 + 0,02 2.0,015 = 0,01 mol.
Khi lng cht rn sau khi c cn dung dch l:
m
cht rn
=
Na
m
+
+
K
m
+
+
2
3
CO
m

+
OH
m = 0,02.23 + 0,02.39 + 0,015.60 + 0,01.17 = 2,31 gam.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: Khi bi ton cho CO
2
v SO
2
ta nn t cng thc chung ca 2 kh d dng gii. Ta vn
xt t l T, ri tnh kt ta. kt ta ny l BaCO
3
v BaSO
3
.
Hng dn gii:
t (CO
2
, SO
2
) = RO
2
. (R l gi tr trung bnh ca C v S).
T t khi X M = 1,75.32 = 56. Vy trong RO
2
R = 56 32 = 24.

2
RO
n =
28
56
= 0,5 mol;

OH
n = n
NaOH
+ 2
( )
2
Ba OH
n = 0,75 mol.
T =
2
OH
RO
n
n
=
0, 75
0, 5
= 1,5 (gi tr c bit)
RO
2

OH

2
3
3
RO
HRO
; c
2
3
RO
n

=
3
HRO
n

=
2
RO
n
2
= 0,25 mol;
Vy
2
3
RO
n

= 0,25 mol >
2
Ba
n
+
= 0,2 mol
3
BaRO
n = 0,2 mol
3
BaRO
m = 0,2 (137 + 24 + 48) = 41,80
gam.
p n D.

T duy nhanh: trng hp th 2 l hp th 0,35 mol CO
2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
to ra 2 mui
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO
. p dng cng thc tnh nhanh
OH
n
Hng dn gii:
V d 8: Cho 28 gam hn hp X gm CO
2
v SO
2
(c t khi ca X so vi O
2
bng 1,75) li chm qua
500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,7M v Ba(OH)
2
0,4M c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 54,25. B. 52,25. C. 49,25. D. 41,80.
V d 9: Cho 0,05 mol hoc 0,35 mol CO
2
hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
u thu c 0,05
mol kt ta. S mol Ca(OH)
2
trong dung dch l
A. 0,15. B. 0,20. C. 0,30. D. 0,05.



p dng cng thc:
2
3
CO
n

=
OH
n
2
CO
n

OH
n = 0,05 + 0,35 = 0,4 mol
( )
2
Ca OH
n = 0,2 mol.
p n B.

T duy nhanh: Cc em cn lm r dung dch sau phn ng c kh nng phn ng OH
chng t dung
dch thu c c
3
HCO
. Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng vi OH
(KOH) thu c
2
3
CO

. Vy ta ch
xt duy nht 1 phng trnh to mui
2
3
CO

tnh ra s mol OH
cn dng.
Hng dn gii:

2
CO
n = 0,25 mol;

OH
n = n
NaOH
+ n
KOH
= (0,2a + 0,1) mol
CO
2
+ 2OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O
0,25 0,5
Ta c (0,2a + 0,1) = 0,5 a = 2M.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: y l bi ton kh quen thuc trong cc bi ton t chy hp cht hu c ri dn qua dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
hoc Ba(OH)
2
lm cho khi lng dung dch tng hoc gim. Cc em ch cn so snh khi lng CO
2
hp
th vo v khi lng kt ta sinh ra.
Hng dn gii:

2
OH
CO
n
n
=
0, 2
0,16
= 1,25; sinh ra 2 mui
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO
. Ta c
2
3
CO
n

=
OH
n
2
CO
n = 0,2 0,16 = 0,04
mol.

3
CaCO
n = 0,04 mol.

2
CO
m = 0,16.44 = 7,04 gam;
3
CaCO
m = 0,04.100 = 4 gam.
Vy lng CO
2
hp th vo ln hn lng kt ta khi lng dung dch sau phn ng tng l
m = 7,04 4 = 3,04 gam.
p n A.

V d 12: Sc V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch X gm Ba(OH)
2
1M v NaOH 1M. Sau phn
ng thu c 19,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 v 4,48. B. 2,24 v 11,2. C. 6,72 v 4,48. D. 5,6 v 1,2.

V d 10: Dn 5,6 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo bnh cha 200 ml dung dch NaOH nng a mol/l; dung dch
thu c c kh nng tc dng ti a vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca a l
A. 1,75. B. 2,00. C. 0,5. D. 0,8.
V d 11: Hp th hon ton 0,16 mol CO
2
vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,05M c kt ta X v dung
dch Y. Khi khi lng dung dch Y so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
ban u s
A. tng 3,04 gam. B. tng 7,04 gam. C. gim 3,04 gam. D. gim 7,04 gam.


T duy nhanh: y l bi ton ngc, lc ny gi tr ca V s c 2 gi tr tho mn. Chia ra lm 2 trng hp: 1)
Ch sinh ra BaCO
3
, OH
d; 2) sinh ra c 2 mui
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO
, OH
ht (trng hp ny p dng cng thc tnh

nhanh ra s mol OH
).
Hng dn gii:
Kt ta l BaCO
3
, c
3
BaCO
n = 0,1 mol
2
3
CO
n

= 0,1 mol;
C

OH
n = n
NaOH
+ 2
( )
2
Ba OH
n = 2.0,2 + 0,2 = 0,6 mol.
1) Ch to ra
2
3
CO

: CO
2
+ 2OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O

2
CO
n =
3
BaCO
n = 0,1 mol
2
CO
V = 2,24 lt Loi p n C v D.
2) To ra 2 mui
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO
:
p dng cng thc:
2
3
CO
n

=
OH
n
2
CO
n
2
CO
n =
OH
n

2
3
CO
n

= 0,6 0,1 = 0,5 mol

2
CO
V = 0,5.22,4 = 11,2 lt.
p n B.

III. BI TP T LUYN
Cu 1: Dn 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 250 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,3. B. 12,9. C. 13,9. D. 17,9.
Cu 2: Cho m gam hn hp hai mui Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
c s mol bng nhau tc dng vi dung dch
H
2
SO
4
long d. Kh sinh ra c dn vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c 41,4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 20. B. 21. C. 22. D. 23.
Cu 3: Ho tan mt mu hp kim K-Ba c s mol bng nhau vo H
2
O c dung dch X v 6,72 lt kh
(ktc). Sc 0,025 mol CO
2
vo dung dch X thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,955. B. 4,344. C. 3,940. D. 4,925.
Cu 4: Hp th V lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch x mol/l thu c 10,6 gam Na
2
CO
3
v 8,4 gam
NaHCO
3
. Gi tr ca V v x ln lt l
A. 4,48; 1,0. B. 4,48; 1,5. C. 6,72; 1,0. D. 5,60; 2,0.
Cu 5: Hp th ton b 0,3 mol CO
2
vo dung dch cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH)
2
. Khi lng dung dch sau phn
ng tng hay gim bao nhiu gam?
A. tng 13,2 gam. B. tng 20 gam. C. gim 16,8 gam. D. gim 6,8 gam.
Cu 6: Hp th hon ton 0,224 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,01M ta c m gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,0. B. 1,5. C. 2,0. D. 2,5.
Cu 7: Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh CO
2
v SO
2
vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH c nng
a mol/l, thu c dung dch X, dung dch X c kh nng hp th ti a 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,4. B. 0,6. C. 0,5. D. 0,8.
Cu 8: Nhit phn 3,0 gam MgCO
3
mt thi gian thu c kh X v hn hp rn Y. Hp th hon ton X
vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH x M thu c dung dch Z. Dung dch Z phn ng vi BaCl
2
d to ra 3,94
gam kt ta. trung ho hon ton dung dch Z cn 50 ml dung dch KOH 0,2M. Gi tr ca x v hiu sut
phn ng nhit phn MgCO
3
ln lt l
A. 0,75 v 50%. B. 0,5 v 66,67%. C. 0,5 v 84%. D. 0,75 v 90%.
Cu 9: Dung dch X cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,02M, hp th 0,5 mol kh CO
2
vo 500 ml dung dch X
thu c kt ta c khi lng l


Cu 10: Dung dch X cha a mol Ca(OH)
2
. Cho dung dch X hp th 0,06 mol CO
2
c 2b mol kt ta,
nhng nu dng 0,08 mol CO
2
th thu c b mol kt ta. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l
A. 0,08 v 0,04. B. 0,05 v 0,02. C. 0,06 v 0,02. D. 0,08 v 0,05.
Cu 11: Hp th ht 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch cha KOH 0,2M v Ca(OH)
2
0,05M thu c
kt ta c khi lng l
A. 1 gam. B. 15 gam. C. 10 gam. D. 5 gam.
Cu 12: Hp th 7,84 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch X gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,15M. Sau phn
ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,55. B. 9,85. C. 68,95. D. 39,4.
2
(ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v
Ca(OH)
2
0,01M. Tng khi lng mui thu c l
A. 1,26 gam. B. 2 gam. C. 3,06 gam. D. 4,96 gam.
Cu 14: Cho dung dch cha a mol Ca(OH)
2
tc dng vi dung dch cha b mol NaHCO
3
thu c 20 gam
kt ta. Tip tc cho thm a mol Ca(OH)
2
vo dung dch, sau phn ng to ra thm 10 gam kt ta na. Gi
tr ca a v b ln lt l
A. 0,2 v 0,3. B. 0,3 v 0,3. C. 0,3 v 0,2. D. 0,2 v 0,2.
Cu 15: t chy hon ton 1,6 gam kim loi M thuc nhm IIA trong lng d khng kh, c hn hp
cht rn X (gm oxit v nitrua ca kim loi M). Ho tan X vo nc c dung dch Y. Thi CO
2
n d
vo dung dch Y thu c 6,48 gam mui. Kim loi M l
A. Mg. B. Sr. C. Ca. D. Ba.
Cu 16: Trong mt bnh kn cha 0,02 mol Ba(OH)
2
. Sc vo bnh lng CO
2
c gi tr bin thin trong
khong t 0,005 mol n 0,024 mol. Khi lng kt ta (gam) thu c bin thin trong khong
A. 0 n 3,94. B. 0,985 n 3,94. C. 0 n 0,985. D. 0,985 n 3,152.
Cu 17: Hp th ton b x mol CO
2
vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol Ca(OH)
2
c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x
l
A. 0,02 hoc 0,04. B. 0,02 hoc 0,05. C. 0,01 hoc 0,03. D. 0,03 hoc 0,04.
Cu 18: Sc V lt kh CO
2
2
0,05M, thu c 7,5 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
V l
A. 1,68. B. 2,88. C. 2,24 hoc 2,8. D. 1,68 hoc 2,8.
Cu 19: Cho 0,14 mol CO
2
hp th ht vo dung dch cha 0,11 mol Ca(OH)
2
. Khi lng dung dch sau
phn ng gim bao nhiu gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u?
A. 1,84 gam. B. 184 gam. C. 18,4 gam. D. 0,184 gam.
Cu 20: Cho 1,4 gam hn hp X gm CO
2
v SO
2
li chm qua 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,1M. Sau th
nghim phi dng 250 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M trung ho Ba(OH)
2
d. Thnh phn phn trm theo s mol
ca CO
2
v SO
2
trong hn hp X l
A. 50% v 50%. B. 40% v 60%. C. 30% v 70%. D. 20% v 80%.
Cu 21: Sc t t V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
1,0M thu c 15,0 gam kt ta. Gi
tr ca V l
2
(ktc) vo dung dch nc vi trong c cha 0,075 mol Ca(OH)
2
.
Sn phm thu c sau phn ng l
A. ch c CaCO
3
. B. ch c Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
C. c c CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. D. c c 2 cht CaCO
3
v CO
2
d.
Cu 23: Dn t t 112 cm
3
kh CO
2
(ktc) qua 200 ml dung dch nc vi trong nng a mol/l th thy
khng c kh thot ra v thu c 0,1 gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,03. B. 0,015. C. 0,02. D. 0,025.
Cu 24: Cho V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) hp th hon ton vo 450 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M thu c 15,76
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,792. B. 1,792 hoc 2,016. C. 2,016 hoc 2,24. D. 1,792 hoc 2,24.


Cu 25: Trong bnh kn cha 15 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,01M. Sc vo bnh lng CO
2
c gi tr bin thin
trong khong 0,02
2
CO
n 0,12. Khi lng kt ta thu c bin thin trong khong no?
A. 0 gam n 15 gam. B. 2 gam n 15 gam.
C. 2 gam n 12 gam. D. 0 gam n 12 gam.
Cu 26: X l hn hp kh gm SO
2
v CO
2
c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 27. Dn a mol hn hp kh X qua bnh
ng 1 lt dung dch NaOH 1,5aM, sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c m gam mui. Biu thc lin h
gia m v a l
A. m = 105a. B. m = 87a. C. m = 116a. D. m = 141a.
Cu 27: Hp th hon ton 672 ml CO
2
2
nng aM, say phn ng
thu c 3,94 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,04M. B. 0,08M. C. 0,25M. D. 0,05M.
2
(ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,16M thu c dung dch X.
Thm 250 ml dung dch Y gm BaCl
2
0,16M v Ba(OH)
2
a mol/l vo dung dch X thu c 3,94 gam kt
ta v dung dch Z. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,02M. B. 0,03M. C. 0,015M. D. 0,04M.
Cu 29: Cho 2,24 lt kh CO
2
2
, ta thu c 6 gam kt ta. Vy nng
mol ca dung dch Ca(OH)
2
l
A. 0,004M. B. 0,002M. C. 0,006M. D. 0,008M.
Cu 30: Cho 4,48 lt CO
2
vo 150 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
1M, c cn hn hp cc cht sau phn ng ta thu
c cht rn khan c khi lng l
A. 18,1 gam. B. 15 gam. C. 8,4 gam. D. 20 gam.
2
( ktc) hp th hon ton vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp KOH 1M v Ba(OH)
2

0,75M thu c 27,58 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 6,272. B. 8,064. C. 8,512. D. 2,688.
2
( ktc) hp th ht vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau phn
ng thu c 25,2 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96. B. 4,48. C. 6,72. D. 5,33.
2
(ktc) vo 250 ml dung dch NaOH 2M c dung dch X. Cho X tc dng
vi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d c a gam kt ta. Nu cho X tc dng vi dung dch CaCl
2
d b gam kt ta.
Gi tr
(a b) bng
A. 0. B. 15. C. 10. D. 30.



DNG TON TRNG TM 7:


MUI CACBONAT ( , )
TC DNG VI AXIT (H
+
)
Tnh tan:
+ Cc mui cacbonat ( ) v hirocacbonat ( ) ca kim loi kim tan trong nc to ra
dung dch (tr mui NaHCO
3
t tan).
+ Cc mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim th khng tan trong H
2
O nh: MgCO
3
, CaCO
3
, BaCO
3

(thng l dng kt ta). Cn cc mui hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim th th tan c trong nc thu
c dung dch.
1) C s ca bi ton:
a) Ch cho dung dch mui tc dng vi H
+
:
* Nu cho t t vo H
+
: + H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O
* Nu cho t t H
+
vo :
H
+
+ (1)
H
+
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
Hay gp bi ton l cho t t H
+
vo th xy ra phng trnh ion thu gn theo th t (1) v (2).
iu quan trng l phi nhn ra c im dng phng trnh ion no ca (1) v (2).
Cc du hiu:
C Nu c kh CO
2
thot ra th kt thc phng trnh phn ng (1) ton b lng chuyn
ht thnh v (2) xy ra.
C Nu kt thc th nghim, cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch kim nh: Ca(OH)
2
,
Ba(OH)
2
,... thy xut hin kt ta Chng t cha kt thc phng trnh (2), vn cn d (v
vy H
+
ht).
+ OH
+ H
2
O
+ Ca
2+
CaCO
3

C Sau th nghim khng c kh thot ra ch c phn ng (1) xy ra, cha c phn ng (2).
b) Khi cho t t H
+
vo dung dch cha dung dch hn hp v :
Do c tnh baz mnh hn , nn khi cho H
+
t t vo dung dch hn hp v ,
phn ng s xy ra theo th t nh 2 phng trnh phn a).



II. CC V D MINH HO

T duy nhanh: Du hiu ca bi ton l kh thot ra v dung dch sau phn ng vi tc dng vi Ca(OH)
2

xut hin kt ta T du hiu ca bi ton, ta thy rng kt thc giai on phn ng (1) v dung dch sau
phn ng vn cn
3
HCO
d (ht H
+
) bin lun theo cht ht tm V.
Hng dn gii:
Xy ra theo th t sau:
H
+
+
2
3
CO

3
HCO
(1)
b b
Do c kh thot ra nn ht
2
3
CO

(kt thc 1) chuyn sang (2) v dung dch sau phn ng phn ng vi Ca(OH)
2

cho kt ta ht H
+

H
+
+
3
HCO
CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
(a b) (a b)
Vy
2
CO
V = 22,4(a b)
p n C.

H
+
+ (1)
H
+
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
Cc du hiu tng t phn a). Tuy nhin cn ch l lng l c t lng ban u v
lng mi to ra phng trnh (1).

2) Phng php gii ton:
Cn ch n du hiu ca bi ton a ra (c kh, dung dch sau phn ng to kt ta vi Ca
2+

hoc Ba
2+
), a ra im dng phn ng no.
Do phng trnh (1) v (2) u c t l mol 1 : 1 nn ta so snh: vi xt tip phn ng
(2), ta li tip tc so snh vi =
ban u
+
(1)
tnh s mol CO
2
theo thnh
phn no ht, hoc tnh khi lng kt ta CaCO
3
, BaCO
3
.

V d 1 (H khi A - 2007): Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na
2
CO
3

ng thi khuy u, thu c V lt kh (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch
X thy xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a v b l
A. V = 11,2(a - b). B. V = 22,4(a + b). C. V = 22,4(a - b). D. V = 11,2(a + b).


T duy nhanh: Du hiu l sinh ra kh CO
2
kt thc phn ng (1), tc l
2
3
CO

chuyn ht sang
3
HCO
.
Cc em xt s mol ca H
+
v
3
HCO
tm s mol CO
2
.
Hng dn gii:
Trong 100 ml dung dch X:
2
3
CO
n

= 0,15 mol;
3
HCO
n

= 0,1 mol.
Khi cho 0,2 mol H
+
(HCl) vo X:
H
+
+
2
3
CO

3
HCO
(1)
0,15 0,15 0,15
H
+
d: 0,2 0,15 = 0,05 mol;
3
HCO
n

=
3
HCO
n
ban u
+
3
HCO
n
(1)
= 0,1 + 0,15 = 0,25 mol.
Tip tc xy ra phn ng (2):
H
+
+
3
HCO
CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,05 0,25
Vy
3
HCO
d, H
+
phn ng ht
2
CO
V = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 lt.
p n D.

T duy nhanh: Du hiu ca bi ton l thot kh CO
2
, nn
2
3
CO

chuyn ht thnh
3
HCO
. Cc em li xt
xem H
+
c phn ng ht vi lng
3
HCO
hay khng t y suy ra s mol kh CO

2
.
Hng dn gii:

H
n
+
= 0,03 mol;
2
3
CO
n

= 0,02 mol v
3
HCO
n

= 0,02 mol.
Ta thy
H
n
+
= 0,03 mol >
2
3
CO
n

= 0,02 mol H
+
d: 0,03 0,02 = 0,01 mol (do phn ng theo t l mol
1 : 1).
Xy ra phn ng (2): C
+
d H
n <
3
HCO
n

=
3
HCO
n
ban u
+
3
HCO
n

= 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04

2
CO
n =
+
d H
n = 0,01 mol.
p n D.

V d 2 (H khi A - 2009): Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh t t
tng git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi
tr ca V l
A. 4,48. B. 3,36. C. 2,24. D. 1,12.

V d 3 (H khi A - 2010): Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch
cha Na
2
CO
3
0,2M v NaHCO
3
0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO
2
l
A. 0,020. B. 0,030. C. 0,015. D. 0,010.
V d 4 (H khi A - 2012): Cho hn hp K
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
(t l mol 1 : 1) vo bnh dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2

thu c kt ta X v dung dch Y. Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo bnh n khi khng cn kh thot ra
th ht 560 ml. Bit ton b Y phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng kt ta X l


T duy nhanh: Kt ta X l BaCO
3
. Ch rng khi cho axit HCl vo bnh, lc ny c kt ta v dung dch Y
phn ng c vi H
+
. Dung dch Y cha
3
HCO
, c th cn
2
3
CO

cn d, nhng ch c
3
HCO
phn ng
vi OH
trong NaOH thi, nn

2
3
CO

d hoc khng d cng khng nh hng. C 2 n s mol (K
2
CO
3
v
NaHCO
3
) v Ba(HCO
3
)
2
m c 2 d kin s mol H
+
v OH
thit lp h 2 phng trnh.

Hng dn gii:
t
2 3
K CO
n =
3
NaHCO
n = x mol (do t l mol 1 : 1) v
( )
3
2
Ba HCO
n = y mol.
n
HCl
=
H
n
+
= 0,5.0,56 = 0,28 mol v
OH
n

= 0,2 mol.
Khi cho axit HCl vo bnh c c kt ta X v dung dch Y: Th c kt ta v cc ion
3
HCO
,
2
3
CO

phn
ng ht to kh CO
2
.
2H
+
+
2
3
CO

CO
2
+ H
2
O
2x x (mol)
H
+
+
3
HCO
CO
2
+ H
2
O
(x + 2y) (x + 2y) (mol)
(Ch l Ba(HCO
3
)
2
phn li cho 2y mol
3
HCO
)
C
H
n
+ phn ng
= 2x + (x + 2y) = 0,28 (1)
Dung dch Y + 0,2 mol NaOH:

3
HCO
+ OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O
(x + 2y) (x + 2y)

OH
n = x + 2y = 0,2 (2)
Gii (1) v (2) x = 0,04 v y = 0,08 mol.
Ba
2+
+
2
3
CO

BaCO
3

0,08 0,04

3
BaCO
n = 0,04 mol
3
BaCO
m = 0,04.197 = 7,88 gam.
p n B.

T duy nhanh: Bi ny cho c kh CO
2
thot ra tc l
2
3
CO

chuyn ht thnh
3
HCO
v H
+
ht; dung dch Y
phn ng Ca(OH)
2
cho kt ta trong Y cn d
3
HCO
. Cc em vit 2 phng trnh ion thu gn, da vo

s mol cc ion ri tm im dng. Cc phng trnh u t l mol 1 : 1 nn ta d dng tnh nhanh c.
Hng dn gii:
H
+
+
2
3
CO

3
HCO
(1)

H
n
+
= 0,525 mol >
2
3
CO
n

= 0,375 mol
2
3
CO

chuyn ht thnh
3
HCO
v H
+
d sau phn ng ny l:
0,525 0,375 = 0,15 mol.
V d 5: Dung dch X cha 0,375 mol K
2
CO
3
v 0,3 mol KHCO
3
. Thm t t dung dch cha 0,525
mol HCl vo dung dch X c dung dch Y v V lt CO
2
(ktc). Thm dung dch nc vi trong d
vo dung dch Y thy to thnh m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v m l
A. 3,36 v 17,5. B. 8,4 v 52,5. C. 3,36 v 52,5. D. 6,72 v 26,25.


Sau phn ng (1), s mol ion
3
HCO
l:
3
HCO
n

=
3
HCO
n
ban u
+
3
(1) HCO
n

= 0,3 + 0,375 = 0,675 mol.
H
+
+
3
HCO
CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,15 0,15 0,15

2
CO
V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 lt (loi 2 p n B v D).
Dung dch Y cn c ion
3
HCO
,
3
HCO
n

= 0,675 0,15 = 0,525 mol.
Khi cho dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d vo dung dch Y th
3
HCO
chuyn thnh
2
3
CO

(to kt ta CaCO
3
). Theo bo
ton mol nguyn t C:
3
HCO
n

=
3
CaCO
n = 0,525 mol
3
CaCO
m = 52,5 gam.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: Khi cho t t H
+
vo dung dch X th sinh ra kh CO
2
nn
2
3
CO

chuyn ht thnh
3
HCO
. V dung
dch Y tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c kt ta dung dch Y cn
3
HCO
d. p dng bo ton
mol nguyn t C v da vo phng trnh phn ng tm ra s mol ca
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO
.
Hng dn gii:

H
n
+
= 0,15 mol;
2
CO
n = 0,045 mol;
3
BaCO
n = 0,15 mol.
H
+
+
2
3
CO

3
HCO
(1)

H
+
+
3
HCO
CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
0,045 0,045

T phng trnh (2)
H
n
+
dng cho phng trnh (1) l
H
n
+
= 0,15 0,045 = 0,105 mol =
2
3
CO
n

.
Theo bo ton mol nguyn t C:
2 3
Na CO
n +
3
NaHCO
n =
2
CO
n +
3
BaCO
n = 0,045 + 0,15 = 0,195 mol.
M
2 3
Na CO
n =
2
3
CO
n

= 0,105 mol
3
NaHCO
n = 0,195 0,105 = 0,09 mol.
Vy trong dung dch X: [Na
2
CO
3
] =
0,105
0, 2
= 0,525M v [NaHCO
3
] =
0, 09
0, 2
= 0,45M.
p n C.

V d 6: Cho t t 150 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 200 ml dung dch X gm Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
th thu
c 1,008 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d th thu
c 29,55 gam kt ta. Nng mol ca Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
trong dung dch X ln lt l
A. 0,525M v 0,8M. B. 0,5M v 1,0M. C. 0,525M v 0,45M. D. 2,0M v 0,65M.
V d 7: Nh t t 200 ml dung dch X (K
2
CO
3
1M v NaHCO
3
0,5M) vo 200 ml dung dch HCl
2M, sau phn ng thu c V lt CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 5,376. B. 8,96. C. 4,48. D. 5,60 lt.



T duy nhanh: Ch khi nh t t
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO
vo H
+
th c 2 ion phn ng ng thi vi axit sinh ra CO
2
v
H
2
O. Gi s nu lng
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO

phn ng ht th lng H
+
dng hay hay cha, nu H
+
thiu th vic tnh
ton s mol kh CO
2
ta phi da vo s mol H
+
.
Hng dn gii:
Ta c:
2
3
CO
n

= 0,2 mol;
3
HCO
n

= 0,1 mol;
H
n
+
= 0,4 mol.
Gi s H
+
phn ng ht vi
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO
th:

H
n
+
= 2
2
3
CO
n

+
3
HCO
n

= 2.0,2 + 0,1 = 0,5 <
+
theo H bi ra
n = 0,4 mol. Vy vic tnh ton s mol CO
2
phi
theo H
+
.
Trong dung dch X ban u
2
3
CO
n

:
3
HCO
n

= 2 : 1. t
3
HCO
n

= x mol
2
3
CO
n

= 2x mol.

2
3
CO

+ 2H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O
2x 4x 2x

3
HCO

+ H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O
x x x
Ta c 4x + x = 0,4 x = 0,08

2
CO
V = 3x.22,4 = 3.0,08.22,4 = 5,376 lt.
p n A.

III. BI TP T LUYN
Cu 1: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
v KHCO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Dn kh thot ra vo
dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d th khi lng kt ta thu c l
Cu 2: Cho a gam hn hp 2 mui Na
2
CO
3
v NaHSO
3
c s mol bng nhau tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4

long d. Kh sinh ra c dn vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c 41,4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 20. B. 21. C. 22. D. 23.
Cu 3: Thm t t n ht dung dch cha 0,02 mol K
2
CO
3
vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol HCl. Th tch kh
CO
2
(ktc) thot ra l
A. 0,448 lt. B. 0,224 lt. C. 0,112 lt. D. 0,336 lt.
Cu 4: Nh t t tng git n ht 100 ml dung dch X gm K
2
CO
3
1,5M v NaHCO
3
1M vo 200 ml dung
dch HCl 1M, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 3,36 B. 4,48 C. 1.12 D. 2,688.
Cu 5: Dung dch X c cha a mol Na
2
CO
3
v b mol NaHCO
3
. Nh t t 0,15 mol dung dch HCl vo dung
dch X th sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y v thot ra 0,045 mol kh. Nh tip dung dch nc vi trong
d vo dung dch Y th thu c 15 gam kt ta. Gi tr a v b ln lt l
A. 0,105 v 0,09. B. 0,105 v 0,08. C. 0,09 v 0,105. D. 0,08 v 0,105.
Cu 6: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh t t tng git cho n ht 450
ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 200 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 1,12.
Cu 7: Thm t t 300 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 200ml dung dch hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1M v NaHCO
3

0,5M c dung dch X v gii phng V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Cho thm nc vi vo dung dch X ti d thu
c m gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca m v V l
A. 15 gam v 3,36 lt. B. 20 gam v 3,36 lt.
C. 20 gam v 2,24 lt. D. 15 gam v 2,24 lt.


Cu 8: Trn 100 ml dung dch cha KHCO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
1M vi 100ml dung dch cha NaHCO
3
1M v
Na
2
CO
3
1M c 200 ml dung dch X. Nh t t 100 ml dung dch Y cha H
2
SO
4
1M v HCl 1M vo dung dch
X c V lt CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch Z. Cho Ba(OH)
2
d vo Z th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v m l
A. 2,24 v 59,1. B. 1,12 v 59,1. C. 2,24 v 82,4. D. 1,12 v 82,4.
Cu 9: Thm t t 70 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M vo 100 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
1M thu c dung dch Y. Cho
Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch Y th khi lng kt ta thu c l
Cu 10: Dung dch X cha 0,6 mol NaHCO
3
v 0,3 mol Na
2
CO
3
. Thm t t dung dch cha 0,8 mol HCl
vo dung dch X c dung dch Y v V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Thm vo dung dch Y nc vi trong d thy
to thnh m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v m tng ng l
A. 16,8 lt; 60 gam. B. 11,2 lt; 60 gam. C. 11,2 lt; 90 gam. D. 11,2 lt; 40 gam.
Cu 11: Trn 150 ml dung dch hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
0,5M vi 250 ml dung dch HCl 2M.
Th tch CO
2
(ktc) thot ra l
A. 3,36 lt. B. 2,52 lt. C. 5,04 lt. D. 5,6 lt.
Cu 12: Cho t t dung dch hn hp cha 0,5 mol HCl v 0,3 mol NaHSO
4
vo dung dch cha hn hp
0,6 mol NaHCO
3
v 0,3 mol K
2
CO
3
c dung dch X v V lt CO
2
(ktc). Thm dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo
dung dch X thy to thnh m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v m ln lt l
A. 11,2 v 78,8. B. 20,16 v 148,7. C. 20,16 v 78,8. D. 11,2 v 148,7.
Cu 13: Cho t t dung dch 0,015 mol HCl vo dung dch cha a mol K
2
CO
3
thu c dung dch X (khng
cha HCl) v 0,005 mol CO
2
. Nu th nghim trn c tin hnh ngc li (cho t t K
2
CO
3
vo dung dch
HCl) th s mol CO
2
thu c l
A. 0,005. B. 0,0075. C. 0,01. D. 0,015.
Cu 14: Trn 100 ml dung dch KHCO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
1M vi 100 ml dung dch cha NaHCO
3
1M v
Na
2
CO
3
1M vo dung dch X. Nh t t 100 ml dung dch Y cha H
2
SO
4
1M v HCl 1M vo dung dch X
c V lt CO
2
2
d vo Z th c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v m ln
lt l
A. 5,6 v 59,1. B. 2,24 v 59,1. C. 1,12 v 82,4. D. 2,24 v 82,4.
Cu 15: Dung dch X cha 0,6 mol NaHCO
3
v 0,3 mol Na
2
CO
3
. Thm rt t t dung dch cha 0,8 mol
HCl vo dung dch X thu c dung dch Y v V lt CO
2
(ktc). Thm nc vi trong d vo dung dch Y
thy to thnh m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v m ln lt l
A. 11,2 v 40. B. 11,2 v 60. C. 16,8 v 60. D. 11,2 v 90.
Cu 16: C 2 cc ring bit: Cc (1) ng dung dch cha 0,2 mol Na
2
CO
3
v 0,3 mol NaHCO
3
; Cc (2)
ng dung dch cha 0,5 mol HCl. Khi nh t t cc (1) vo cc (2) thy thot ra V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi
tr ca V l
A. 6,72. B. 7,84. C. 8,00. D. 8,96.
Cu 17: Cho 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 200 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
thu c dung dch X cha 3 mui.
Cho dung dch X vo nc vi trong d thu c 15 gam kt ta. Nng mol ca dung dch Na
2
CO
3
ban
u l
A. 0,75M. B. 0,65M. C. 0,85M. D. 0,9M.
Cu 18: Khi sc a mol kh SO
2
vo 200 ml dung dch cha Ba(HCO
3
)
2
0,4M v BaCl
2
0,5M thu c 23,3
gam kt ta v V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 3,854. B. 3,136. C. 4,480. D. 2,240.
Cu 19: Cho rt t t tng git dung dch cha 0,15 mol Na
2
CO
3
v 0,1 mol NaHCO
3
vo 100 ml dung dch
HCl 2M. Th tch kh CO
2
thot ra ( ktc) l
A. 3,36 lt. B. 2,8 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 3,92 lt.
Cu 20: Cho t t tng git dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na
2
CO
3
v c mol
NaHCO
3
thu c dung dch X v kh CO
2
. Cho nc vi trong d vo dung dch X thu c m gam kt
ta. Mi lin h gia m vi a, b, c l
A. m = 100(2b + c 2a). B. m = 100(b + c a).
C. m = 100(b + c 2a). D. m = 100(2b + c a).


Cu 21: Ho tan hon ton 27,4 gam hn hp gm M
2
CO
3
v MHCO
3
(M l kim loi kim) bng dung dch
HCl d thy thot ra 6,72 lt CO
2
(ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Li. B. Na. C. K. D. Rb.
Cu 22: Cho V
1
lt dung dch NaOH 1M trn vi V
2
lt dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
1M. sau phn ng thu c
dung dch cha Na
+
v
3
HCO
th t l V
1
/V
2
l
A. 3/2. B. 1/2. C. 1. D. 2.
Cu 23: Trn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo 100 ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X
tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaHCO
3
0,5M. Nng mol dung dch HCl l
A. 0,5M. B. 1,5M. C. 0,5M v 1,5M. D. 0,5M v 2,0M.
Cu 24: Cho 150 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
0,5M vo 250 ml dung dch HCl 2M th thu c V
lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 3,36. B. 2,52. C. 5,60. D. 5,04.
Cu 25: Cho rt t t tng git 100 ml dung dch HCl 2,5M vo dung dch cha 0,15 mol Na
2
CO
3
. Sau khi
dung dch HCl ht cho dung dch nc vi trong d vo thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta?
A. 7,5 gam. B. 10 gam. C. 5,0 gam. D. 15 gam.
Cu 26: Cho t t tng git ca dung dch cha b mol HCl vo dung dch cha a mol Na
2
CO
3
thu c V
lt CO
2
. Ngc li, cho t t tng git ca dung dch cha a mol Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch cha b mol HCl thu
c 2V lt CO
2
. Biu thc lin h ng gia a v b l
A. a = 0,8b. B. a = 0,35b. C. a = 0,75b. D. a = 0,5b.
Cu 27: Cho rt t t 100ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
x M vo 100ml dung dch HCl y M thu c 2,24 lt CO
2

(ktc). Nu lm ngc li thu c 1,12 lt CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr x v y ln lt l
A. 1M v 1,5M. B.1M v 2,5M. C.1M v 2M. D. 1,5M v 2M.
Cu 28: Cho t t 100 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
2M vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 3,5M sau phn thu c V
1
lt
kh CO
2
(ktc). Mt khc, nu lm th nghim ngc li th thu c V
2
lt kh CO
2
. T l V
1
: V
2
l
A. 6 : 7. B. 7 : 6. C. 5 : 6. D. 6 : 5.
Cu 29: Nh t t 100 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
1,5M vo 100 ml dung dch HCl xM sau phn ng thu c
1,25V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Nu lm ngc li th thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,5. B. 2,0. C. 2,5. D. 3,0.
Cu 30: Nh t t tng git n ht 100 ml dung dch HCl xM vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na
2
CO
3
2M v
NaHCO
3
3M, sau phn ng thu c V lt CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y, nh tip dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo
dung dch Y th thu c 39,4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 6.
Cu 31: Nh t t tng git n ht 100 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
xM vo 100 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
y M, sau
phn ng 2,24 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y, nh tip dung dch Ba(OH)
2
n d vo dung dch Y th
thu c 86 gam kt ta. Gi tr x v y ln lt l
A. 2,5; 4. B. 1,5; 2. C. 2,0; 3. D. 2,5; 3.
Cu 32: Cho rt t t 100 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
xM vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 4M thu c 2V lit CO
2

(ktc). Nu lm ngc li thu c V lit CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr x v V ln lt l
A. 2; 2,24. B. 2; 4,48. C. 3; 4,48. D. 3; 2,24.



A. BI TP TRC NGHIM L THUYT
Cu 1: Nhn nh no sau y khng v Al?
A. Al c tnh kh mnh nhng yu hn Na v Mg.
B. Al thuc chu k 3, nhm IIIA, s 13 trong bng tun hon.
C. Al dn in, dn nhit tt, tt hn cc kim loi Fe v Cu.
D. Al d nhng 3 electron ho tr nn thng c s oxi ho +3 trong cc hp cht.
Cu 2: T Al n Mg, Na theo chiu tnh kh tng dn
A. nng lng ion ho I
1
gim dn, ng thi th in cc gim dn.
B. nng lng ion ho I
1
tng dn, ng thi th in cc gim dn.
C. nng lng ion ho I
1
tng dn, ng thi th in cc tng dn.
D. nng lng ion ho I
1
gim dn, ng thi th in cc gim dn.
Cu 3: Pht biu no di y l ng?
A. Nhm l mt kim loi lng tnh. B. Al(OH)
3
l mt baz lng tnh.
C. Al
2
O
3
l mt oxit trung tnh. D. Al(OH)
3
l mt hiroxit lng tnh.
Cu 4: Trong nhng cht sau, cht no khng c tnh lng tnh?
A. Al(OH)
3
. B. Al
2
O
3
. C. ZnSO
4
. D. NaHCO
3
.
Cu 5: Nhm hiroxit thu c t cch no sau y?
A. Cho d dung dch HCl vo dung dch natri aluminat.
B. Thi d kh CO
2
vo dung dch aluminat.
C. Cho d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
D. Cho Al
2
O
3
tc dng vi nc.
Cu 6: Cc dung dch ZnSO
4
v AlCl
3
u khng mu. phn bit hai dung dch ny ta c th dng dung dch
ca cht no sau y?
A. NaOH. B. HNO
3
. C. HCl. D. NH
3
.
Cu 7: Hin tng no sau y ng khi cho t t dung dch NH
3
n d vo ng nghim ng dung dch AlCl
3
?
A. Si bt kh, dung dch vn trong sut v khng mu.
B. Si bt kh v dung dch c dn do to ra cht kt ta.
C. Dung dch c dn do to ra cht kt ta sau kt ta tan v dung dch li trong sut.
D. Dung dch c dn do to ra cht kt ta v kt ta khng tan khi cho d dung dch NH
3
.
Cu 8: Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do
A. nhm l kim loi km hot ng. B. c mng oxit Al
2
O
3
bn vng bo v.
C. c mng hiroxit Al
2
O
3
bn vng bo v. D. nhm c tnh th vi khng kh v nc.
Cu 9: Nhm khng tan trong dung dch no sau y?
A. HCl. B. H
2
SO
4
. C. NaHSO
4
. D. NH
3
.
Cu 10: Cho Al + HNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O. S phn t HNO
3
b Al kh v s phn t HNO
3
to mui
nitrat trong phn ng l
A. 1 v 3. B. 3 v 2. C. 4 v 3. D. 3 v 4.
Cu 11: Mt pin in ho c cu to bi cc cp oxi ho - kh Al
3+
/Al v Cu
2+
/Cu. Phn ng ho hc xy ra khi
pin hot ng l
A. 2Al + 3Cu 2Al
3+
+ 3Cu
2+
. B. 2Al
3+
+ 3Cu 2Al + 3Cu
2+
.
C. 2Al + 3Cu
2+
2Al
3+
+ 3Cu. D. 2Al
3+
+ 3Cu
2+
2Al + 3Cu.

NHM V HP CHT CA NHM



Cu 12: Hp cht no sau y ca nhm tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (theo t l mol 1:1) cho sn phm
Na[Al(OH)
4
]?
A. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. B. AlCl
3
. C. Al(NO
3
)
3
. D. Al(OH)
3
.
Cu 13: Dy no di y gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch axit va tc dng c vi dung dch
kim?
A. AlCl
3
v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. B. Al(NO
3
)
3
v Al(OH)
3
.
C. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v Al
2
O
3
. D. Al(OH)
3
v Al
2
O
3
.
Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y ng khi ni v nhm oxit?
A. Al
2
O
3
c sinh ra khi nhit phn mui Al(NO
3
)
3
.
B. Al
2
O
3
b kh bi CO nhit cao.
C. Al
2
O
3
tan c trong dung dch NH
3
.
D. Al
2
O
3
l oxit khng to mui.
Cu 15: Nhn nh no sau y khng ng v tnh cht ca cc kim loi Na, Mg, Al.
A. Na l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn Mg, Al.
B. Al tan trong dung dch NaOH cng nh trong Mg(OH)
2
gii phng H
2
.
C. Na, Mg, Al u kh d dng ion H
+
trong dung dch axit HCl, H
2
SO
4
long thnh H
2
.
D. Al c th kh nhiu oxit kim loi nh: Fe
2
O
3
, Cr
2
O
3
,... nhit cao thnh kim loi t do.
Cu 16: Trong qu trnh sn xut Al bng cch in phn Al
2
O
3
nng chy, criolit c vai tr nh sau:
(1) Criolit c cho vo h nhit nng chy ca hn hp, t tit kim nng lng.
(2) Criolit nng chy ho tan Al
2
O
3
to ra cht lng c tnh dn in tt hn Al
2
O
3
nng chy.
(3) Criolit nng chy ho tan Al
2
O
3
to iu kin cho Al
2
O
3
d dng tc dng trc tip vi C (ca in
cc) to thnh Al nng chy.
(4) Al
2
O
3
tan trong criolit nng chy to ra hn hp c khi lng ring nh hn Al ni ln trn v bo v
Al nng chy khng b oxi ho bi O
2
khng kh.
A. (1), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
Cu 17: Cho phn ng: Al + NaOH + 3H
2
O Na[Al(OH)
4
] +
3
2
H
2

Cht tham gia phn ng ng vai tr cht oxi ho l
A. NaOH. B. Na[Al(OH)
4
]. C. H
2
O. D. Al.
Cu 18: C th dng bnh bng Al chuyn ch cc dung dch no sau y?
A. dung dch KOH, NaOH.
B. dung dch HNO
3
, dung dch H
2
SO
4
.
C. dung dch HNO
3
c ngui v H
2
SO
4
c ngui.
D. dung dch HCl, H
2
SO
4
.
Cu 19: Phng trnh in phn Al
2
O
3
nng chy: 2Al
2
O
3

pnc
4Al + 3O
2

cc m xy ra qu trnh:
A. Al Al
3+
+ 3e. B. Al
3+
+ 3e Al.
C. 2O
2-
O
2
+ 4e. D. O
2
+ 4e 2O
2-
.
Cu 20: Nhn nh khng ng v qu trnh in phn sn xut Al l
A. cn tinh ch qung boxit (Al
2
O
3
.2H
2
O) do c ln tp cht l Fe
2
O
3
v SiO
2
.
B. t 1 tn boxit (cha 60% Al
2
O
3
) c th iu ch c gn 0,318 tn Al vi hiu sut 100%.
C. criolit c cho vo h nhit nng chy ca Al
2
O
3
, tng dn in v ngn cn s oxi ho bi
oxi khng kh.
D. sn xut 2,7 tn Al tiu hao 18 tn C lm anot, nu cc qu trnh l hon ton v sn phm oxi ho ch
l CO
2
.
Cu 21: Khi in phn nng chy sn xut Al, ngi ta ho tan Na
3
AlF
6
vo
A. gim nhit nng chy ca Al
2
O
3
(2050
o
C 950
o
C) do tit kim nng lng, tit kim nguyn liu Al
2
O
3

v bt tiu hao C anot.
B. gim nhit nng chy ca Al
2
O
3
(2050
o
C 950
o
C) do tit kim nng lng.


C. tit kim nguyn liu Al
2
O
3
.
D. bt tiu hao C anot.
Cu 22: Khi cho m gam Al tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c x lt kh v khi cho m gam Al tc dng
vi HNO
3
long d c y lt kh N
2
duy nht (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). Quan h gia x v y l
A. x = 5y. B. y =5x. C. x = y. D. x = 2,5y.
Cu 23: Phn nhm c dng lm trong nc v:
A. Mi trng ca dung dch l axit (chua), nn trung ho cc baz.
B. Khi ho long, kt ta Al(OH)
3
c to ra, ko theo cc cht rn, bn l lng trong nc.
C. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
l cht in li mnh, khi in li, ion Al
3+
kt hp vi cc cht bn, lng xung.
D. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
phn ng trao i vi cc ion Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
c trong nc, to kt ta.
Cu 24: Ngi ta sn xut nhm bng cch in phn Al
2
O
3
nng chy m khng dng in phn AlCl
3
v
A. AlCl
3
nng chy nhit cao hn Al
2
O
3
.
B. Al
2
O
3
cho ra Al tinh khit hn.
C. S in phn AlCl
3
nng chy to ra Cl
2
c hi, cn Al
2
O
3
to ra O
2
khng c hi.
D. AlCl
3
l hp cht cng ho tr nn thng hoa khi nung.
Cu 25: Nhn nh no sau y khng ng v tnh cht ca Al
2
O
3
?
A. Al
2
O
3
c tnh bn vng v ion Al
3+
c in tch ln (3+) v bn knh ion nh nn lc ht gia ion Al
3+

v ion O
2
rt mnh to ra lin kt Al
2
O
3
rt bn vng.
B. Al
2
O
3
c tnh lng tnh v n va th hin tnh axit, va th hin tnh baz.
C. Al
2
O
3
c tnh lng tnh nn tan c trong nc to ra dung dch kim hoc dung dch axit.
D. Do cu trc rt bn vng m Al
2
O
3
c nhit nng chy rt cao v kh b kh thnh Al.
Cu 26: Qung boxit cha Al
2
O
3
.2H
2
O thng c ln tp cht l Fe
2
O
3
v SiO
2
. tinh ch qung, ngi ta
lm nh sau: Cho qung tc dng vi NaOH c, d. Lc b cht rn khng tan c dung dch X. Sc CO
2

vo dung dch X c kt ta Y v dung dch Z. Nung kt ta Y nhit cao c Al
2
O
3
tinh khit. S
phn ng xy ra trong qui trnh trn l
A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 27: Trong cc cht sau: Al(OH)
3
; Al
2
O
3
; NaHCO
3
; Al. S cht c tnh lng tnh l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 28: Ch dng ho cht no sau y c th phn bit c 4 kim loi: Na, Al, Mg, Ag
A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch NH
3
. C. H
2
O. D. dung dch HCl.
Cu 29: C 4 mu bt kim loi l Na, Al, Ca, Fe. Ch dng nc lm thuc th th s kim loi c th phn bit
c ti a l bao nhiu?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 30: Dy cht no sau y gm cc cht u khng tan c trong nc nhng tan c trong dung dch
HCl hoc nc c ho tan CO
2
?
A. MgCO
3
, Al
2
O
3
, CaCO
3
. B. MgCO
3
, CaCO
3
, Al(OH)
3
.
C. MgCO
3
, BaCO
3
, CaCO
3
. D. Ba(HCO
3
)
2
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, MgCO
3
.
Cu 31: nhn bit 3 cht rn: Al
2
O
3
, MgO, CaCl
2
c th dng nhm thuc th no sau y?
A. H
2
O v H
2
SO
4
. B. H
2
O v NaOH. C. H
2
O v NaCl. D. H
2
O v HCl.
Cu 32: Cho cc th nghim sau:
(1) Sc kh CO
2
d vo dung dch natri aluminat.
(2) Sc kh NH
3
d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
(3) Nh t t n d dung dch HCl long vo dung dch natri aluminat.
Nhng th nghim c hin tng ging nhau l
A. (1) v (2). B. (1) v (3). C. (2) v (3). D. (1), (2) v (3).
Cu 33: Th nghim no sau y khi hon thnh khng c kt ta?
A. Cho dung dch AlCl
3
d vo dung dch NaOH.
B. Cho Ba kim loi vo dung dch NH
4
HCO
3
.
C. Cho dung dch NH
4
Cl vo dung dch natri aluminat.
D. Cho dung dch HCl d vo dung dch natri aluminat.


Cu 34: t nng hn hp gm bt Al v bt Fe
3
O
4
trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp X. Cho hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy c kh thot ra.
Vy trong hn hp X c
A. Al, Fe, Fe
3
O
4
, Al
2
O
3
. B. Al, Fe, Al
2
O
3
.
C. Al, Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Al
2
O
3
. D. Al, Fe, FeO, Al
2
O
3
.
Cu 35: Hin tng no sau y khi nh t t dung dch KOH vo ng nghim dung dch Al(NO
3
)
3
n rt
d?
A. kt ta xut hin, lng kt ta tng dn ri sau dn tan ht to dung dch khng mu.
B. kt ta trng.
C. kt ta trng xut hin v tan ngay to dung dch khng mu.
D. khng c hin tng g xy ra.
Cu 36: Nh t t dung dch Al(NO
3
)
3
vo ng nghim dng dung dch KOH, hin tng xy ra l
A. kt ta trng xut hin, lng kt ta tng dn ri sau dn tan ht to dung dch khng mu.
B. xut hin kt ta trng.
C. khng c kt ta, ch c kh bay ln.
D. kt ta trng xut hin ri tan ht ngay to dung dch khng mu.
Cu 37: Tch ring kim loi nhm ra khi hn hp gm Cu, Al, Mg , nn thc hin theo trnh t no sau y?
A. Ngm hn hp trong ddch NaOH, thi CO
2
vo dung dch, ly kt ta nung nng, in phn oxit nng chy.
B. Ngm hn hp trong dd HCl, in phn dung dch.
C. Ngm hn hp trong dd CuCl
2
, in phn dung dch.
D. Cho hn hp tc dng vi oxi, in phn oxit nng chy.
Cu 38: sn xut nhm trong cng nghip, ta dng cch no sau y
A. Dng kim loi natri y nhm ra khi oxit nhm nhit cao, hoc dng CO kh Al
2
O
3
nhit cao.
B. Dng kim loi magie y nhm ra khi mui ca n trong dung dch.
C. in phn Al
2
O
3
nng chy.
D. in phn AlCl
3
nng chy.
Cu 39: Trong cc pht biu sau:
(1) Nhm kh d dng ion H
+
ca dung dch axit, nh HCl v H
2
SO
4
long, gii phng H
2
.
(2) Nhng vt bng nhm hng ngy tip xc vi nc xy ra phn ng nhit thng.
(3) Nhm khng tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
v HNO
3
c, ngui.
(4) Nhm b th ng s khng tc dng vi cc dung dch HCl, H
2
SO
4
long.
S pht biu ng l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1.
Cu 40: Khi cho hn hp gm a mol kali v b mol nhm ho tan trong nc, bit a > 4b. Kt qu l
A. kali v nhm u tan ht, thu c dung dch trong sut.
B. kali v nhm u tan ht, trong bnh phn ng c kt ta trng keo.
C. kali tan ht, nhm cn d, dung dch thu c trong sut.
D. kali tan ht, nhm cn d, trong bnh phn ng c kt ta trng keo.
Cu 41: Khi sc t t kh CO
2
lng d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
, thu c:
A. Lc u c to kt ta (Al(OH)
3
), sau kt ta b ha tan (to Al(HCO
3
)
3
) v NaHCO
3
.
B. C to kt ta (Al(OH)
3
), phn dung dch cha Na
2
CO
3
v H
2
O.
C. Khng c phn ng xy ra.
D. Phn khng tan l Al(OH)
3
, phn dung dch gm NaHCO
3
v H
2
O.
Cu 42: Cho mt lng bt kim loi nhm trong mt cc thy tinh, cho tip dung dch HNO
3
long vo cc,
khuy u cho phn ng hon ton, c cc kh NO, N
2
O v N
2
thot ra. By gi cho tip dung dch xt
vo cc, khuy u, c hn hp kh thot ra (khng k hi nc, khng kh). Hn hp kh ny c th l kh
no?
A. NO
2
; NH
3
. B. NH
3
; H
2
. C. CO
2
; NH
3
. D. H
2
; N
2
.
Cu 43: Trong cc pht biu v sn xut Al c bao nhiu pht biu ng?
(1) Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut t qung boxit bng phng php in phn.


(2) Trong qung boxit, ngoi thnh phn chnh l Al
2
O
3
.2H
2
O cn c tp cht l SiO
2
v Fe
2
O
3
. Bng
phng php ho hc, ngi ta loi b cc tp cht c Al
2
O
3
nguyn cht.
(3) h nhit nng chy ca Al
2
O
3
t 2050
o
C xung 900
o
C, ngi ta ho tan Al
2
O
3
trong criolit
(Na
3
AlF
6
) nng chy. Vic lm ny mt mt mt tit kim nng lng ng thi to c cht lng c
tnh dn in tt hn Al
2
O
3
nng chy. Mt khc, hn hp cht in li ny c khi lng ring nh hn
nhm, ni ln thng in phn c cc m (catot) v cc dng (anot) u l than ch.
(4) cc m xy ra s oxi ho Al
3+
thnh kim loi Al.
(5) cc dng xy ra s kh cc ion O
2
thnh kh O
2
.
S pht biu ng l
A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 44: Cho kh CO
2
vo mt bnh kn cha Al(OH)
3
. Kt lun no sau y ng?
A. C to Al
2
(CO
3
)
3
lc u, sau vi CO
2
d s thu c Al(HCO
3
)
3
.
B. Lc u to Al
2
(CO
3
)
3
, nhng khng bn, n t phn hu to Al(OH)
3
v CO
2
.
C. Khng c phn ng xy ra.
D. C phn ng xy ra v to mui Al
2
(CO
3
)
3
.
Cu 45: Trng hp no di y to ra kt ta sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton?
A. Cho dung dch HCl d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hay Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
B. Cho dung dch AlCl
3
d vo dung dch NaOH.
C. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
D. Sc CO
2
d vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
Cu 46: Trong cc pht biu sau:
(1) nhit cao, Al kh c nhiu oxit kim loi nh Fe
2
O
3
, Cr
2
O
3
,... thnh kim loi t do.
(2) Phn ng ca Al vi oxit kim loi gi l phn ng nhit nhm.
(3) Nhng vt bng nhm b ho tan trong dung dch kim d NaOH, Ca(OH)
2
,
(4) Nhng axit H
2
SO
4
c, ngui v HNO
3
c, ngui oxi ho b mt kim loi Al to thnh mt mng
oxit c tnh tr, lm cho Al th ng.
S pht biu ng l
A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 47: Ha tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
(d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm Al
2
O
3
v Fe
2
O
3
. B. hn hp gm BaSO
4
v FeO.
C. hn hp gm BaSO
4
v Fe
2
O
3
. D. Fe
2
O
3
.
Cu 48: Phn chua c cng thc l
A. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O. B. Na
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
C. K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O. D. Li
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
Cu 49: Chia m gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Ba, Mg, Al thnh 3 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng vi
H
2
O d thu c V
1
lt kh H
2
. Phn 2 tc dng vi NaOH d thu c V
2
lt kh H
2
. Phn 3 cho tc dng
vi dung dch HCl d thu c V
3
lt kh H
2
. Cc gi tr V
1
, V
2
, V
3
(o cng iu kin) c so snh nh
sau:
A. V
1
= V
2
= V
3
. B. V
1
= V
2
= V
3
. C. V
1
< V
2
< V
3
. D. V
1
V
2
V
3
.
Cu 50: Ho tan hon ton hn hp a mol Al v b mol Na vo nc thu c dung dch X ch cha mt cht
tan duy nht. iu kin ca a v b l
A. a = b. B. a < b. C. b 2a. D. a < 2b.



B. CC DNG TON TRNG TM

DNG TON TRNG TM 8:


TNH LNG TNH CA Al(OH)
3

1) Mui Al
3+
tc dng vi OH
:
Ban u khi cho OH
vo Al
3+
th xut hin kt ta keo:
Al
3+
+ 3OH
Al(OH)
3

Khi lng Al
3+
ht, OH
d s ho tan kt ta Al(OH)
3
:
Al(OH)
3
+ OH

gii nhanh bi ton cc em nn s ho bi ton:
Al
3+
+ OH

p dng bo ton mol nguyn t Al v nhm OH
:

T 2 cng thc trn ta suy ra mi quan h gia 3 i lng s mol: Al
3+
, OH
, Al(OH)
3
l
Cng thc T:
p dng mt s cng thc tnh nhanh sau:
C Lng OH
tiu tn t nht (kt ta cc i):

min
= 3 .
Nu cho dung dch cha OH
vo dung dch hn hp cha (Al

3+
v OH
) th:

min
= 3 +
C Lng OH
tiu tn nhiu nht (kt ta cc tiu):

max
= 4
Nu cho dung dch cha OH
vo dung dch hn hp (Al

3+
v H
+
) th:

max
= 4 +
2) Thm dung dch axit H
+
vo dung dch aluminat :
Ban u khi cho H
+
vo dung dch cha (hoc ) xut hin kt ta Al(OH)
3
:
+ H
+
Al(OH)
3
+ H
2
O

= + v = 3 + 4


II. CC V D MINH HO

V d 1 (H khi B - 2007): Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH
0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2,0.

Khi lng ht, H
+
cn d ho tan kt ta:
Al(OH)
3
+ 3H
+
Al
3+
+ 3H
2
O
gii nhanh bi ton cc em nn s ho bi ton:
+ H
+

p dng bo ton mol nguyn t Al v bo ton in tch:

p dng mt s cng thc tnh nhanh sau:
C Lng H
+
tiu tn nh nht: =
C Lng H
+
tiu tn ln nht: = 4 3
Nu cho dung dch axit H
+
vo dung dch cha v OH
th cng thm lng OH
vo 2 v ca
cng thc trn:
= + ; = 4 3 +
3) Mt s ch khi gii ton:
(1) Khi cho dung dch NH
3
vo dung dch mui Al
3+
th hnh thnh kt ta Al(OH)
3
, nhng kt ta khng
b ho tan khi NH
3
d. Do dung dch NH
3
c tnh baz yu.
Al
3+
+ 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ 3
qua phn ng ny, ion (mi trng axit) khng ho tan c Al(OH)
3

(2) Sc kh CO
2
d vo dung dch , hnh thnh kt ta nhng khng b ho tan.
CO
2
+ Al(OH)
3
+
(3) p dng cc phng php gii ton: Bo ton mol nguyn t, bo ton in tch v c bit nh
mt s cng thc tnh nhanh.

=

v = 3 +


T duy nhanh: C s mol Al
3+
, OH
v s mol kt ta p dng cng thc tnh nhanh
OH
n .
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc tnh nhanh:
max OH
n = 4
3
Al
n
+
n
= 4.0,2.1,5
15, 6
78
= 1,0 mol.
V
NaOH
=
1
0, 5
= 2,0 lt.
p n D.

T duy nhanh: C s mol Al
3+
, H
+
v s mol kt ta p dng cng thc tnh nhanh
OH
n .
Hng dn gii:

3
Al
n
+
= 2
( )
2 4
3
Al SO
n = 2.0,1 = 0,2 mol;
H
n
+
= 2
2 4
H SO
n = 2.0,1 = 0,2 mol;
( )
3
Al OH
n =
7, 8
78
= 0,1 mol.
Lng OH
ln nht to ra 7,8 gam kt ta l:

OH
n
max
= 4
3
Al
n
+
n
+
H
n
+

= 4.0,2 0,1 + 0,2 = 0,9 mol.
V
NaOH
=
0, 9
2
= 0,45 lt.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: S ho bi ton v p dng bo ton nguyn t Al v nhm OH
ta gii c bi ton ny mt
cch nhanh chng.
Hng dn gii:
Khi thm tip OH
vo dung dch Y li hnh thnh kt ta chng t dung dch Y vn cn Al

3+
cha phn ng ht
ln u. Gi s OH
ln 2 khi cho vo th lng kt ta t cc i ri b ho tan mt phn. Ta c:

S : Al
3+
+ OH
(0,39 mol)
( )
( )
3
4
:0, 09 Al OH
A
ol
l OH
m

p dng bo ton mol nguyn t Al v nhm OH
OH
n = 3
( )
3
Al OH
n + 4
( )
4
Al OH
n

( )
4
Al OH
n

=
( )
3
Al OH
OH
3n
4
n
= 0,03 mol.

3
Al
n
+
=
( )
3
Al OH
n +
( )
4
Al OH
n

= 0,09 + 0,03 = 0,12 mol.
V d 2 (H khi A - 2008): Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v
0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu
c lng kt ta trn l
A. 0,45. B. 0,35. C. 0,25. D. 0,05.
V d 3 (H khi B - 2010): Cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch AlCl
3

nng x mol/l, thu c dung dch Y v 4,68 gam kt ta. Loi b kt ta, thm tip 175 ml dung
dch KOH 1,2M vo Y, thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,2. B. 0,8. C. 0,9. D. 1,0.


[AlCl
3
] = x =
0,12
0, 1
= 1,2M.
Cch khc: p dng cng thc T:
3
OH
Al
n
4
n
n
+

+
=
3
Al
n
+
=
0, 39 0, 09
4
+
= 0,12 mol
[AlCl
3
] = 1,2M.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: Khi cho dung dch E vo dung dch BaCl
2
d th hnh thnh kt ta l BaSO
4
. T
4
BaSO
n
2
4
SO
n

tm c s mol ca Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
= y (mol). Da vo s mol OH
v s mol kt ta ta tm c gi tr ca x.
Hng dn gii:

4
BaSO
n =
33, 552
233
= 0,144 mol
2
4
SO
n

= 0,144 mol
( )
2 4
3
Al SO
n = y =
0,144
3
= 0,048 mol.

3
Al
n
+
= 2
( )
2 4
3
Al SO
n = 2.0,048 = 0,096 mol.

Ta c
OH
n = 0,612 mol v
( )
3
Al OH
n = 0,108 mol.
tnh s mol Al
3+
ta p dng cng thc T:
3
OH
Al
n
4
n
n
+

+
= =
0, 612 0,108
4
+
= 0,18 mol.
Trong dung dch E:
3
Al
n
+
= (x + 2y), c y = 0,048 (x + 2.0,048) = 0,18 x = 0,084.
Vy x : y = 0,084 : 0,048 = 7 : 4
p n D.

T duy nhanh: t n lng kt ta cc i th Al(OH)
3
khng tan trong OH
. Tnh s mol Al
3+
s mol OH

Hng dn gii:

( )
2 4
3
Al SO
n = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 mol
3
Al
n
+
= 2.0,02 = 0,04 mol.

OH
n = 3
3
Al
n
+
= 3.0,04 = 0,12 mol.
Khi cho K vo dung dch th: 2K + 2H
2
O 2KOH + H
2
; Ta c n
K
= n
KOH
=
m
39
mol
Theo bi ra
OH
n = 2
( )
2
Ba OH
n + n
NaOH
+ n
KOH
= 2.0,03 + 0,03 +
m
39
(mol).
V d 4 (H khi B - 2011): Cho 400 ml dung dch E gm AlCl
3
x mol/lt v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
y mol/lt tc
dng vi 612 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 8,424 gam kt ta. Mt
khc, khi cho 400 ml E tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
(d) th thu c 33,552 gam kt ta. T l x : y
l
A. 3 : 4. B. 3 : 2. C. 4 : 3. D. 7 : 4.
V d 5: Thm m gam kali vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dung
dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c
lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l
A. 1,59. B. 1,17. C. 1,71. D. 1,95.


Vy
m
39
+ 0,09 = 0,12 m = 1,17 gam.
p n B.

T duy nhanh: Khi cho dung dch NH
3
n d vo dung dch X th thu c kt ta Al(OH)
3
khng tan trong NH
3

d. bi ny cc em p dng bo ton mol nguyn t Al tnh ra s mol Al tc dng vi axit HCl sinh ra kh H
2
.
Hng dn gii:
t n
Al
= a mol;
2 3
Al O
n = b mol.
Tng khi lng hn hp l: 27a + 102b = 1,56 (1).
S phn ng:
2 3
Al
Al O

HCl
Al
3+

3
NH
Al(OH)
3

o
t
Al
2
O
3

Ta c
2 3
Al O
n =
2, 04
102
= 0,02 mol.
p dng bo ton mol nguyn t Al: a + 2b = 2
2 3
Al O
n = 0,04 (2).
Gii (1) v (2) a = 0,02 = n
Al
.
Khi Al tc dng vi dung dch axit (hay kim): Al
HCl

3
2
H
2
. Vy theo phng trnh ny:

2
H
n = 0,03 mol V = 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 lt.
p n D.

T duy nhanh: Khi ho tan X vo H
2
O th Na
2
O tc dng vi H
2
O to ra dung dch kim; lc ny dung dch kim
phn ng vi Al
2
O
3
to ra cht tan duy nht trong dung dch Y l NaAlO
2
. Khi thi kh vo dung dch Y (cha cht
tan NaAlO
2
) thu c kt ta Al(OH)
3
. p dng bo ton mol nguyn t tm gi tr m v a.
Hng dn gii:
Ta c
2
NaAlO
n = C
M
.V = 0,5.0,2 = 0,1 mol;
S ho bi ton:
2
2 3
Na O
Al O

2
H O
NaAlO
2

2
CO
Al(OH)
3

Bo ton mol nguyn t Al:
( )
3
Al OH
n =
2
NaAlO
n = 0,1 mol.
V d 7 (C - 2010): Cho 1,56 gam hn hp gm Al v Al
2
O
3
phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu
c V lt kh H
2
(ktc) v dung dch X. Nh t t dung dch NH
3
n d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta,
lc ht lng kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 2,04 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,448. B. 0,224. C. 1,344. D. 0,672.

V d 8 (C - 2009): Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
vo H
2
O thu c 200
ml dung dch Y ch cha cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M. Thi kh CO
2
(d) vo Y thu c a gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l
A. 8,3 v 7,2. B. 11,3 v 7,8. C. 13,3 v 3,9. D. 8,2 v 7,8.



khi lng kt ta, gi tr ca a =
( )
3
Al OH
m = 0,1.78 = 7,8 gam Loi c A v C.
tnh c gi tr m ta phi tnh c s mol Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
. Trong :
+ Bo ton mol nguyn t Na:
2
NaAlO
n = 0,1 mol
2
Na O
n = 0,05 mol.
+ Bo ton mol nguyn t Al:
2
NaAlO
n = 0,1 mol
2 3
Al O
n = 0,05 mol.
m
X
= m = 0,05.62 + 0,05.102 = 8,2 gam.
p n D.

T duy nhanh: Bi ny ta cn chia thnh 2 trng hp. Trng hp 1: Ba(OH)
2
ht v Trng hp 2: Ba(OH)
2
d.
Bin lun theo khi lng kt ta tm ra trng hp ng. Nhng bi ny hay nht l trng hp 2, lng
Ba(OH)
2
d ho tan mt phn Al(OH)
3
.
Hng dn gii:
TH1: Ba(OH)
2
ht. Lc ny kt ta BaSO
4
tnh theo Ba
2+
v Al(OH)
3
tnh theo OH
.

4
BaSO
n =
2
Ba
n
+
= 0,05 mol v
( )
3
Al OH
n =
OH
3
n
=
0,1
3

m
kt ta
=
4
BaSO
m +
( )
3
Al OH
n = 0,05.233 +
0,1
3
.78 = 14,25 gam > m
kt ta ca bi
= 12,045 gam.
Loi trng hp ny.

TH2: Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
ht. Lc ny lng kt ta BaSO
4
tnh theo gc
2
4
SO

v lng Al(OH)
3
tnh theo OH
.
Ta c
2
4
SO
n

= 0,3V mol
4
BaSO
n = 0,3V mol
4
BaSO
m = 233.0,3V = 69,9V.
v
( )
3
Al OH
m = m
kt ta

4
BaSO
m = (12,045 69,9V) gam
( )
3
Al OH
n =
( ) 12, 045 69, 9V
78
mol.
p dng cng thc T:
3
OH
Al
n
4
n
n
+

+
=
Trong
3
Al
n
+
= 0,2V mol;
OH
n = 0,1 mol; n
=
( ) 12, 045 69, 9V
78
. Thay vo cng thc T, ta c:

( ) 12, 045
0,1
6
78
0, V
4
9, 9V
2
+
= ; gii ra ta c V = 0,15 lt = 150 ml.
p n D.

Thy thy kh nhiu sch tham kho v cc gio vin khi gii bi ny (v nhiu cc bi khc na) u gii theo
truyn thng v rt l di bn no m khng kin tr c th c khi khng hiu ra ngay. Nhng nu p dng cng
thc T ca thy ngh ra (^^) th ch cn tm cc i lng ri lp rp vo gii ra thi. Cc bi trn thy cng p
dng cng thc ny nn cc em c th lm cc bi tp khc trong bi tp t luyn ca thy.

V d 9 (H khi A - 2012): Cho 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,1M vo V ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M; sau
khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 12,045 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 300. B. 75. C. 200. D. 150.


T duy nhanh: Khi cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch X th th t phn ng vi H
+
l NaOH u tin, ht NaOH ri
mi n Na[Al(OH)
4
]. Do lng kt ta tan tr li mt phn c ngha l kt ta Al(OH)
3
b H
+
ho tan mt phn
cn li mt phn th lc em nung. Bi ny c kh nhiu cch gii khc nhau.
Hng dn gii:
Theo bi ra: n
NaOH
=
OH
n = 0,01 mol;
( )
4
Na Al OH
n

=
( )
4
Al OH
n

= 0,03 mol;
2 3
Al O
n = 0,01 mol
( )
3
Al OH
n = 0,02
mol.
Cch 1: Vit phng trnh ion thu gn, tnh theo phng trnh:
H
+
+ OH
H
2
O
H
n
+
=
OH
n = 0,01 mol = const.
H
+
+ ( )
4
Al OH

Al(OH)
3
+ H
2
O
0,03 0,03 0,03

Gi lng kt ta b ho tan l x mol, ta c:
Al(OH)
3
+ 3H
+
Al
3+
+ 3H
2
O
x 3x

( )
3
Al OH
n = 0,03 x = 0,02 x = 0,01.
Vy
H
n
+
= 0,01 + 0,03 + 3x = 0,04 + 3.0,01 = 0,07 mol V
HCl
=
0, 07
0,1
= 0,7 lt.
Cch 2: p dng cng thc tnh nhanh
Ta c:
max H
n
+
= 4
( )
4
Al OH
n

3 n
OH
n = 4.0,03 3.0,02 + 0,01 = 0,07 mol V
HCl
=
0, 07
0,1
= 0,7 lt.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: Khi cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch X th HCl phn ng trc vi dung dch NaOH ri
mi n
2
AlO
( ( )
4
Al OH

). Cc em so snh s mol H
+
vi s mol kt ta xem, kt ta c b ho tan hay
khng.
Hng dn gii:
Ta c: n
HCl
= 0,48 mol; n
NaOH
= 0,2 mol;
( )
3
Al OH
n =
3,12
78
= 0,04 mol
Khi cho HCl vo dung dch X: n
HCl phn ng vi NaOH
= n
NaOH
= 0,2 mol;

n
HCl cn li
= 0,48 0,2 = 0,28 mol >
( )
3
Al OH
n = 0,04 Kt ta b ho tan mt phn.
V d 10: Cho 100 ml dung dch X cha NaOH 0,1M v Na[Al(OH)
4
] 0,3M. Thm t t dung dch
HCl 0,1M vo dung dch X cho n khi kt ta tan tr li mt phn. em nung kt ta n khi lng
khng i thu c cht rn nng 1,02 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 0,1M dng l
A. 0,5 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,7 lt. D. 0,8 lt.
V d 11: Nh t t 480 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 200 ml dung dch X gm NaOH 1M v
Na[Al(OH)
4
] aM th thu c 3,12 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,6. B. 0,5. C. 0,56. D. 0,75.


H
+
+ ( )
4
Al OH

Al(OH)
3
+ H
2
O
x x x
3H
+
+ Al(OH)
3
Al
3+
+ 3H
2
O
(0,28 x)
( ) 0, 28 x
3

Lng kt ta cn l l 0,04 mol x
( ) 0, 28 x
3
= 0,04 x = 0,1.
a =
0,1
0, 2
= 0,5M

Cch khc: p dng phng php bo ton in tch cho dung dch sau phn ng:
Dung dch sau phn ng gm:
3
: 0, 2 0, 2a (mol); :0, 2a 0, 04(m Na Al

C
ol)
:0, 4 l 8mol
+ +
+

p dng bo ton in tch: 0,2 + 0,2a + 3(0,2a 0,04) = 0,48 a = 0,5M.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: y l bi ton kh hay v s lng tnh v hp cht ca nhm. Khi ho hn hp (Na
2
O + Al
2
O
3
)
thu c dung dch X trong sut th lng Al
2
O
3
tan ht to ra cht tan l Na[Al(OH)
4
] c th cn NaOH d hoc
khng (nhng kh nng cao l NaOH d). Khi cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch X th bt u xut hin kt ta th
lng HCl phn ng vi NaOH d u tin chng t NaOH d. Ta tnh c s mol NaOH cn d. Da vo
s mol H
+
phn ng ta tm c s mol kt ta v d dng tm c gi tr a. Kh khn nht l ta tm gi tr ca m
m thi.
Hng dn gii:
Cch 1: Theo phng trnh ion thu gn.
S ho bi ton:

Na
2
O
Al
2
O
3
H
2
O
dung dch X
(trong sut)
bt u xut hin kt ta
khi cho 100 ml dd HCl
chng t c NaOH d: 0,1 mol
c Na[Al(OH)
4
] : x mol

Khi cho 300 ml HCl (tng ng 0,3 mol HCl): Trong c 0,1 mol tc dng vi NaOH d, cn li 0,2
mol tc dng vi Na[Al(OH)
4
] to kt ta.
H
+
+
( )
4
Al OH

Al(OH)
3
+ H
2
O
0,2 0,2
Vy gi tr ca a =
( )
3
Al OH
m = 0,2.78 = 15,6 gam. Loi 2 p n B v C.
V d 11 (H khi A - 2012): Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
vo nc thu c
dung dch X trong sut. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo X, khi ht 100 ml th bt u xut hin kt ta; khi
ht 300 ml hoc 700 ml th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l
A. 15,6 v 27,7. B. 23,4 v 35,9. C. 23,4 v 56,3. D. 15,6 v 55,4.



Khi cho 700 ml HCl (0,7 mol) th c 0,6 mol HCl tc dng vi Na[Al(OH)
4
] to kt ta. Lng kt ta
t cc i ri b ho tan mt phn cn li l 0,2 mol nh trng hp ca trn.
H
+
+ ( )
4
Al OH

Al(OH)
3
+ H
2
O
x x x
Lng H
+
cn li: (0,6 x) mol ho tan mt phn Al(OH)
3
:
3H
+
+ Al(OH)
3
Al
3+
+ H
2
O
(0,6 x)
0, 6 x
3

Lng kt ta cn li l 0,2 mol tng ng vi: x
0, 6 x
3
= 0,2 x = 0,3.
Vy s mol nguyn t Na: 0,1 + x = 0,1 + 0,3 = 0,4 mol
2
Na O
n

= 0,2 mol.
s mol nguyn t Al chnh l = x mol = 0,3 mol
2 3
Al O
n = 0,15 mol.
Vy gi tr ca m = 0,2.62 + 0,15.102 = 27,7 gam.

(Do thy trnh by din gii cc em hiu nn bi ny hi di mt cht. Nu cc em quen ri th ta ch cn 2, 3
dng l c th gii tt bi ny).

Cch 2: p dng cng thc tnh nhanh.
Ta c s mol NaOH d l 0,1 mol; n
= 0,2 mol v s mol H

+
dng cho trng hp 2 l
H
n
+
= 0,6 mol.
p dng cng thc:
max H
n
+
= 4
( )
4
Al OH
n

3 n

( )
4
Al OH
n

=
H
3
4
n n
+

+
=
0, 6 3.0, 2
4
+
= 0,3 mol.
C
( )
4
Al OH
n

=
( )
4
Na[Al OH ]
n = 0,3 mol.
Ta cng p dng bo ton mol nguyn t nh trn tm ra s mol Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
m = 27,7 gam.
p n A.

Vy l cch ngn nht l cch 2. Cch ny thi trc nghim p dng th nhanh ri. Nhng cc em phi nm
bn cht ca cng thc nh. p dng lung tung l hng (^^).

III. BI TP T LUYN
Cu 1: X l dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, Y l dung dch Ba(OH)
2
. Trn 200 ml X vi 300 ml Y thu c 8,55 gam kt
ta. Trn 200 ml X vi 500 ml Y c 12,045 gam kt ta. Nng mol/l ca dung dch X v Y ln lt l
A. 0,1M v 0,05M. B. 0,1M v 0,2M.
C. 0,05M v 0,075M. D. 0,075M v 0,1M.
Cu 2: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
n khi
phn ng hon ton thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l
A. 0,45. B. 0,35. C. 0,25. D. 0,15.
Cu 3: Chia m gam hn hp Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Ho tan trong nc d thu c 1,02 gam cht rn khng tan.
- Phn 2: Ho tan va ht trong 140 ml dung dch HCl 1M.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,26. B. 2,66. C. 5,32. D. 7,0.


Cu 4: Ho tan 47,4 gam phn chua KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O vo nc c dung dch X. Thm dn n ht 300
ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M vo X c a gam kt ta v dung dch Y. Lc b ht kt ta ri sc kh CO
2
d
vo dung dch nc lc thy to ra b gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l
A. 46,6 v 27,5. B. 46,6 v 7,8. C. 54,4 v 7,8. D. 52,5 v 27,5.
Cu 5: Cho a mol AlCl
3
vo 1 lt dung dch NaOH c nng b M c 0,05 mol kt ta, thm tip 1 lt dung dch
NaOH trn th c 0,06 mol kt ta. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l
A. 0,15 v 0,06. B. 0,09 v 0,18. C. 0,09 v 0,15. D. 0,06 v 0,15.
Cu 6: Trn 100 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1M vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2,25M c dung dch X. kt ta
hon ton Al
3+
trong dung dch X di dng hiroxit cn dng V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,12. B. 2,24. C. 3,36. D. 6,72.
Cu 7: X l dung dch cha 0,1 mol AlCl
3
, Y l dung dch cha 0,32 mol NaOH. Thc hin 2 th nghim
sau:
- Th nghim 1: Cho t t Y vo X, sau khi cho ht Y vo X c a gam kt ta.
- Th nghim 2: Cho t t X vo Y, sau khi cho ht X vo Y c b gam kt ta.
Nhn nh no sau y l ng?
A. a = b = 3,12. B. a = b = 6,24. C. a = 3,12, b = 6,24. D. a = 6,24, b = 3,12.
Cu 8: X l dung dch AlCl
3
, Y l dung dch NaOH 2M. Cho 150 ml dung dch Y vo cc cha 100 ml dung
dch X, khuy u ti phn ng hon ton thy trong cc c 7,8 gam kt ta. Thm tip vo cc 100 ml dung
dch Y, khuy u n khi kt ta phn ng thy trong cc c 10,92 gam kt ta. Nng mol ca dung
dch X l
A. 3,2M. B. 2,0M. C. 1,6M. D. 1,0M.
Cu 9: Cho t t dung dch NaOH 1,0M vo dung dch c cha 26,7 gam AlCl
3
cho n khi thu c 11,7
gam kt ta th dng li, thy dng ht V lt NaOH. Gi tr ca V l
Cu 10: Ho tan 26,64 gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.18H
2
O vo nc c dung dch X.
a) Th tch dung dch NaOH 0,2M cn thm vo dung dch X thu c lng kt ta ln nht v nh
nht ln lt l
A. 1,17 lt v 1,56 lt. B. 2,34 lt v 3,12 lt.
C. 1,20 lt v 1,60 lt. D. 0,60 lt v 0,80 lt.
b) Cho 250 ml dung dch NaOH tc dng ht vi X th thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Nng mol ca dung
dch NaOH dng l
A. 0,36M. B. 0,36M hoc 1,52M.
C. 0,36M hoc 0,80M. D. 0,36M hoc 1,16M.
Cu 11: Ho tan va ht m gam Al vo dung dch NaOH th thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H
2
(ktc). Rt
t t dung dch HCl 0,2M vo X th thu c 5,46 gam kt ta. Th tch dung dch HCl dng l
A. 0,35M, B. 0,35M hoc 0,85M.
C. 0,35M hoc 0,50M. D. 0,35M hoc 0,70M.
Cu 12: Cho 200 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M nhn thy khi dng 180 ml hay
dng 340 ml dung dch NaOH u thu c mt lng kt ta bng nhau. Nng dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3

trong th nghim trn l
A. 0,125M. B. 0,25M. C. 0,375M. D. 0,50M.
Cu 13: Trong mt cc ng 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
2,0M. Rt vo cc V ml dung dch NaOH nng
aM; thu c kt ta em sy kh v nung n khi lng khng i th cn li 5,1 gam cht rn. Nu V =
200 ml th gi tr ca a l
A. 1,5M. B. 7,5M. C. 1,5M hoc 7,5M. D. 1,5M hoc 3,0M.
Cu 14: Ho tan 10,8 gam Al trong mt lng H
2
SO
4
va thu c dung dch X. Th tch dung dch
NaOH 0,5M phi thm vo dung dch X c kt ta sau khi nung n khi lng khng i cho ta mt
cht rn c khi lng 10,2 gam l
A. 1,2 lt hoc 2,8 lt. B. 1,2 lt. C. 2,8 lt. D. 1,2 lt hoc 1,4 lt.


Cu 15: Rt t t dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M vo 150 ml dung dch AlCl
3
0,04M n khi thu c lng kt
ta ln nht, nh nht. Th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
dng tng ng l
A. 45 ml v 60 ml. B. 45 ml v 90 ml. C. 90 ml v 120 ml. D. 60 ml v 90 ml.
Cu 16: Chia m gam hn hp X gm Al v Ba thnh 2 phn bng nhau
- Phn 1: tc dng vi nc (d) c 0,04 mol H
2
.
- Phn 2: tc dng vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (d) c 0,07 mol H
2
v dung dch Y. Cho V ml
dung dch HCl vo Y c 1,56 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V ln nht thu c lng kt ta trn l
A. 20. B. 50. C. 100. D. 130.
Cu 17: Cho 100 ml dung dch AlCl
3
2M tc dng vi dung dch KOH 1M.
a) Th tch dung dch KOH ti ti thiu phi dng khng c kt ta l
A. 0,4 lt. B. 0,8 lt. C. 0,6 lt. D. 1,0 lt.
b) Cho dung dch sau phn ng trn tc dng vi HCl 2M thu c 3,9 gam kt ta keo. Th tch dung
dch HCl dng l
A. 0,025 lt. B. 0,325 lt hoc 0,10 lt.
C. 0,025 lt hoc 0,10 lt. D. 0,025 lt hoc 0,325 lt.
Cu 18: Cho t t a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol mui Al
3+
. iu kin thu c sau phn ng l
A. a < 4b. B. a = 2b. C. a > 4b. D. 2b < a < 4b.
Cu 19: Cho dung dch cha a mol AlCl
3
vo dung dch c cha b mol NaOH. iu kin c kt ta ln
nht v b nht ln lt l
A. b = 3a v b = 4a. B. b = 3a v b 4a. C. b = 4a v b = 3a. D. b = 3a v b 4a.
Cu 20: Cho dung dch c cha a mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo dung dch c cha b mol NaOH. iu kin c kt
ta ln nht v b nht ln lt l
A. b = 6a v b = 8a. B. b = 3a v b 4a. C. b = 4a v b 5a. D. b = 6a v b 8a.
Cu 21: Mt dung dch X cha NaOH v 0,3 mol Na[Al(OH)
4
]. Cho 1 mol HCl vo dung dch X thu c
15,6 gam kt ta. S mol NaOH trong dung dch X l
Cu 22: Thm dung dch HCl vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 1M v Na[Al(OH)
4
] 1M. Khi kt
ta thu c l 6,24 gam th s mol HCl dng l
Cu 23: Cho t t V lt dung dch HCl 0,5M vo 200 ml dung dch Na[Al(OH)
4
] 1,0M thu c 11,7 gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,3 hoc 0,4. B. 0,4 hoc 0,7. C. 0,3 hoc 0,7. D. 0,7.
Cu 24: Cho m gam Na tan ht trong 100 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c 0,78 gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,69 gam. B. 0,69 gam hoc 3,45 gam.
C. 0,69 gam hoc 3,68 gam. D. 0,69 gam hoc 2,76 gam.
Cu 25: Rt t t dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch K[Al(OH)
4
] 0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c
1,56 gam kt ta. Th tch dung dch HCl dng l
A. 0,2 lt hoc 1,0 lt. B. 0,3 lt hoc 0,8 lt. C. 0,2 lt hoc 0,8 lt. D. 0,3 lt hoc 1,0 lt.



DNG TON TRNG TM 9:


PHN NG NHIT NHM

1) C s ca phn ng:
nhit cao Al kh c nhiu oxit kim loi nh Fe
2
O
3
, Cr
2
O
3
,... thnh kim loi t do.
2yAl + 3M
x
O
y
yAl
2
O
3
+ 3xM
Th d: 2Al + Fe
2
O
3
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Fe

2) Mt s ch khi gii ton phn ng nhit nhm:
O Bi ton c cp ti hiu sut phn ng hay khng, hoc phn ng xy ra hon ton hay khng
hon ton.
+ Nu xy ra hon ton (H = 100%) th ta cn xt Al hay oxit kim loi phn ng ht hay cha.
+ Nu khng hon ton (H < 100%) th c Al v oxit kim loi cn d sau phn ng.
O Ch du hiu ca bi ton:
+ Hn hp cht rn sau phn ng tc dng vi axit (H
+
) sinh ra kh H
2
th cn ch kim loi
sinh ra nh Fe phn ng v cn Al (nu cn d sau phn ng) tc dng vi axit sinh ra kh H
2
.
+ Hn hp sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch kim chng t Al cn d.
O Chia hn hp thnh hai phn khng u nhau, ta cn t k l h s t lng ca phn 2 so vi phn
1. Thng qua d kin ca u bi ta tm c lng cht ca tng phn.
O Cc bi ton lin quan n dung dch: Khi cho cc cht rn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th
sau phn ng ta thu c dung dch NaAlO
2
. Dung dch ny c c im:
+ Sc kh CO
2
vo dung dch ny ta thu c kt ta l Al(OH)
3
.
CO
2
+ NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ NaHCO
3

+ Nh t t dung dch axit (H
+
) vo dung dch ny ta cng thu c kt ta l Al(OH)
3

H
+
+ + H
2
O Al(OH)
3

O Hn hp cht rn sau phn ng nhit nhm tc dng vi axit HNO
3
hoc H
2
SO
4
c nng: p
dng bo ton mol electron cho c qu trnh.

3) Phng php chung gii ton: Nhm cc phng php bo ton (khi lng, nguyn t,
electron), v s ho bi ton gii nhanh.



II. CC V D MINH HO

T duy nhanh: Khi bi cho s liu v khi lng ta p dng phng php bo ton khi lng. y ta
s tm c khi lng ca Al v do phn ng xy ra hon ton nn ta s xt xem Al hay Cr
2
O
3
ht.
Hng dn gii:

2 3
Cr O
n = 0,1 mol.
Khi lng Al tham gia phn ng nhit nhm l: m = m
X

2 3
Cr O
m = 23,3 15,2 = 8,1 gam.
n
Al
= 0,3 mol.
2Al + Cr
2
O
3

o
t
2Cr + Al
2
O
3

mol: 0,3 0,1
Sau phn ng xy ra hon ton, Al d: 0,1 mol.
Hn hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl sinh ra kh H
2
gm Al (0,1 mol) v Cr (0,2 mol):

Al Al
3+
+ 3e 2H
+
+ 2e H
2

0,1 0,3 0,7 0,35 (mol)
Cr Cr
2+
+ 2e
0,2 0,4

2
H
V = 0,35.22,4 = 7,84 lt.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: Du hiu: phn ng xy ra hon ton v phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d kh H
2

chng t Al d v Fe
2
O
3
ht. p dng bo ton mol electron v bo ton mol nguyn t tm gi tr ca
m.
Hng dn gii:
phn 2: Al
NaOH

3
2
H
2

0,025 0,0375 (mol)
phn 1:
2
H
n = 0,1375 mol
V d 1 (H khi B - 2007): Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr
2
O
3
v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau
khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi dung
dch axit HCl (d) thot ra V lt kh H
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 7,84. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 10,08.
V d 2 (H khi A - 2008): Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe
2
O
3
(trong mi trng khng c khng
kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H
2
( ktc);
- Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H
2
( ktc).
Gi tr ca m l
A. 22,75 B. 21,40. C. 29,40. D. 29,43.



S mol H
2
do Fe phn ng vi axit l:
2
H
n = 0,1375 0,0375 = 0,1 mol = n
Fe

Phn ng nhit nhm: 2Al + Fe
2
O
3

o
t
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Fe
Theo phn ng t s mol Fe
2 3
Fe O
n = 0,05 mol v n
Al phn ng
= 0,1 mol.
Vy trong hn hp ban u c:
n
Al
= 2(n
Al phn ng
+ n
Al d
) = 2(0,1 + 0,025) = 0,25 mol v
2 3
Fe O
n = 2.0,05 = 0,1 mol.
m = m
Al
+
2 3
Fe O
m = 0,25.27 + 0,1.160 = 22,75 gam.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: Du hiu: phn ng xy hon ton v hn hp cht rn X tc dng vi NaOH sinh ra kh H
2

Al d sau phn ng. Ta cn tm s mol ca Al d v Al
2
O
3
sinh ra tm s mol NaOH phn ng V.
Hng dn gii:
Ta c
2 3
Fe O
n = 0,1 mol;
2
H
n = 0,15 mol.
2Al + Fe
2
O
3

o
t
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Fe
0,1 0,1 (mol)
Hn hp cht rn tc dng vi c vi dung dch NaOH l: Al d v Al
2
O
3
(0,1 mol)
Al + NaOH + H
2
O NaAlO
2
+
3
2
H
2

0,1 0,15
Al
2
O
3
+ 2NaOH 2NaAlO
2
+ H
2
O
0,1 0,2
n
NaOH
= 0,3 mol V
NaOH
= 0,3 lt = 300 ml.
p n D.

T duy nhanh: Du hiu: phn ng xy hon ton v hn hp cht rn X tc dng vi NaOH sinh ra kh H
2

Al d sau phn ng. Khi sc kh CO
2
vo dung dch Y ta thu c kt ta l Al(OH)
3
p dng bo
ton mol nguyn t Al ta tnh c Al
2
O
3
to thnh v t s mol kh H
2
cc em tnh c s mol Al d.
Hng dn gii:

2
H
n = 0,15 mol n
Al d
= 0,1 mol.
V d 3 (C - 2008): t nng mt hn hp gm Al v 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c khng
kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng va vi V ml dung
dch NaOH 1M sinh ra 3,36 lt H
2
A. 150. B. 100. C. 200. D. 300.
V d 4 (H khi B - 2009): Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe
3
O
4
trong iu kin khng c
khng kh. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH (d) thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Sc kh CO
2
(d) vo dung
dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 45,6. B. 48,3. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.


Ch kh cho hn hp cht rn sau phn ng gm Fe, Al
2
O
3
v Al d tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th
c Al v Al
2
O
3
tc dng thu c dung dch NaAlO
2
. V khi sc kh CO
2
vo dung dch ny th thu c kt
ta Al(OH)
3
:
CO
2
+ NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ NaHCO
3

( )
3
Al OH
n = 0,5 mol n
Al ban u
= 0,5 mol.
Vy lng Al phn ng l: n
Al phn ng
= 0,5 0,1 = 0,4 mol.
Phn ng nhit nhm: 8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4
4Al
2
O
3
+ 9Fe
0,4 0,15 (mol)
Vy gi tr ca m l: m = m
Al
+
3 4
Fe O
m = 0,5.27 + 0,15.232 = 48,3 gam.
p n B.

T duy nhanh: Do phn ng c hiu sut nn c Al v Fe
3
O
4
u d sau phn ng. Lc ny khi cho dung
dch H
2
SO
4
long tc dng vi cht rn sau phn ng th c Al v Fe u phn ng.
Hng dn gii:
n
Al ban u
= 0,4 mol;
3 4
Fe O
n = 0,15 mol;
2
H
n = 0,48 mol.
Phn ng nhit nhm: 8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4
4Al
2
O
3
+ 9Fe
Ta xt t l n
Al
:
3 4
Fe O
n = 0,4 : 0,15 = 8 : 3 Ta tnh hiu sut theo Al hoc Fe
3
O
4
u c.
Gi s mol Al phn ng l x mol n
Fe thu c
=
9x
8
mol v n
Al d
= (0,4 x) mol.
Hn hp cht rn sau phn ng tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
long, bo ton mol electron:

Al
Al
3+
+ 3e
(0,4 - x) (0,4 - x) 3
Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e
9x
8
9x
4
2H
+
+ 2e H
2
0,48
0,96

Ta c: 3(0,4 x) +
9x
4
= 0,96 x = 0,32.
Vy hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l: H =
0, 32
.100%
0, 4
= 80%.
p n A.

V d 5 (H khi B - 2010): Trn 10,8 gam bt Al vi 34,8 gam bt Fe
3
O
4
ri tin hnh phn ng nhit
nhm trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Ho tan hon ton hn hp rn sau phn ng bng dung dch
H
2
SO
4
long (d), thu c 10,752 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 80%. B. 90%. C. 70%. D. 60%.



T duy nhanh: Phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc em xt xem Al hay Fe
2
O
3
ht tnh theo cht ht.
Hng dn gii:
n
Al
= 0,4 mol;
2 3
Fe O
n = 0,1 mol.
Phn ng nhit nhm: 2Al + Fe
2
O
3
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Fe
0,2 0,1 0,2
Vy khi lng kim loi sau phn ng: m
Y
= m
Al d
+ m
Fe
= (0,4 0,2).27 + 0,2.56 = 16,6 gam.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: Do bi ny ta khng r Al phn ng ht hay cn d cc em gi s lng Cr
2
O
3
phn ng
ht th lng Cr to ra tc dng vi dung dch HCl th thu c bao nhiu mol kh H
2
. T d kin s mol kh
H
2
thu c suy ra c s mol Al d. V khi cho hn hp cht rn sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH c c Al d v Al
2
O
3
phn ng.
Hng dn gii:

2 3
Cr O
n = 0,03 mol;
2
H
n = 0,09 mol.
Gi s ton b lng Cr
2
O
3
phn ng ht th thu c n
Cr
= 0,03.2 = 0,06 mol.
Cr
HCl +
H
2
; ta c
2
H
n = 0,06 mol <
2
theobi ra H
n = 0,09 mol Al cn d.
Al
HCl +

3
2
H
2
;
2
cnli H
n = 0,09 0,06 = 0,03 mol n
Al d
= 0,02 mol.
Phn ng nhit nhm: 2Al + Cr
2
O
3
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Cr
0,03 0,03
Hn hp cht rn X gm: Cr, Al d (0,02 mol) v Al
2
O
3
(0,03 mol). X phn ng vi NaOH d ta thu
c dung dch NaAlO
2
. Bo ton mol nguyn t Al:
2
NaAlO
n = n
Al
+ 2
2 3
Al O
n = 0,02 + 2.0,03 = 0,08 mol.
Vy s mol NaOH cn dng cho phn ng l n
NaOH
=
2
NaAlO
n = 0,08 mol.
p n B.

V d 6 (C - 2011): Nung hn hp gm 10,8 gam Al v 16,0 gam Fe
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c
khng kh), sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn Y. Khi lng kim loi trong Y l

V d 7 (H khi B - 2011): Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm m gam Al v 4,56 gam Cr
2
O
3

(trong iu kin khng c O
2
), sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp X. Cho ton b X vo mt lng
d dung dch HCl (long, nng), sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,016 lt H
2
(ktc). Cn nu
cho ton b X vo mt lng d dung dch NaOH (c, nng), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc th s mol NaOH
phn ng l


T duy nhanh: Mt cu v phn ng nhit nhm c bn. Bi ny ch cn vit phng trnh v xt t l.
Hng dn gii:
8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4
4Al
2
O
3
+ 9Fe
Theo phng trnh phn ng
3 4
Fe O
n : n
Al
= 3 : 8 m bi ra l
3 4
Fe O
n : n
Al
= 3 : 9 Al d. Do phn ng
xy ra hon ton nn hn hp cht rn sau phn ng l: Al, Fe v Al
2
O
3
.
p n D.

T duy nhanh: p dng phng php bo ton mol nguyn t. T s mol NaOH phn ng suy ra c s
mol nguyn t Al c trong hn hp cht rn ban u, t suy ra s mol Cr
2
O
3
.
Hng dn gii:
n
NaOH
= 0,3 mol;
Cht rn sau phn ng
NaOH +
NaAlO
2
n
nguyn t Al
= n
NaOH
= 0,3 mol.
Trong hn hp ban u: m
Al
= 2.0,3.27 = 16,2 gam
2 3
Cr O
m = 46,6 16,2 = 30,4 gam
2 3
Cr O
n = 0,2
mol.
Phn ng nhit nhm: 2Al + Cr
2
O
3
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Cr
0,4 0,2 0,2 0,4
Cht rn sau phn ng phn 2 gm: 0,2 mol Cr; 0,1 mol Al d; 0,1 mol Al
2
O
3
. Cho phn ng vi dung
dch HCl, s mol HCl cn dng l
n
HCl phn ng
= 3n
Al
+ 2n
Cr
+ 6
2 3
Al O
n = 3.0,1 + 2.0,2 + 6.0,1 = 1,3 mol.
p n B.

T duy nhanh: Du hiu ca bi ton l: phn ng xy ra hon ton v hn hp cht rn tc dng vi NaOH
d thu c kh H
2
Kim loi Al d sau phn ng nhit nhm.
Hng dn gii:
V d 8 (H khi A - 2012): Hn hp X gm Fe
3
O
4
v Al c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3. Thc hin phn
ng nhit nhm X (khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp gm
A. Al, Fe, Fe
3
O
4
v Al
2
O
3
. B. Al
2
O
3
, Fe v Fe
3
O
4
.
C. Al
2
O
3
v Fe. D. Al, Fe v Al
2
O
3
.
V d 10 (C - 2012): Nung hn hp bt gm Al v Fe
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c oxi), thu c hn hp
cht rn X. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Cho phn 1 vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 7,84 lt kh H
2
(ktc);
- Cho phn 2 vo dung dch NaOH (d) thu c 3,36 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
Bit rng cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l
A. 33,61%. B. 42,32%. C. 66,39%. D. 46,47%.

V d 9 (H khi B - 2012): Nung nng 46,6 gam hn hp gm Al v Cr
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c
khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Chia hn hp thu c sau phn ng thnh hai phn
bng nhau. Phn mt phn ng va vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (long). ha tan ht phn
hai cn va dung dch cha a mol HCl. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,9. B. 1,3. C. 0,5. D. 1,5.


Phn 2:
2
H
n = 0,15 mol n
Al
= 0,1 mol;
Phn 1: C 2 kim loi Al v Fe tc dng vi axit thu c H
2
. Ta c
2
H
n = 0,35 mol n
Fe
= 0,35
0,15 = 0,2 mol.
C n
Fe
= 0,2 mol
2 3
Fe O
n = 0,1 mol =
2 3
Al O
n .
Vy %m
Fe(trong X)
=
+ +
2 3
Fe
F l O e Al d A
m
.100%
m m m
= 46,47%.
p n D.

III. BI TP T LUYN
Cu 1: Nung nng hn hp gm 10,8 gam bt Al vi 16 gam bt Fe
2
O
3
(khng c khng kh), nu hiu sut phn
ng l 80% th khi lng Al
2
O
3
thu c l
Cu 2: kh hon ton m gam hn hp CuO v PbO cn 8,1 gam kim loi Al, sau phn ng thu c 50,2 gam
hn hp 2 kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
Cu 3: Trn 24 gam Fe
2
O
3
vi 10,8 gam Al ri nung nhit cao (khng c khng kh). Hn hp thu c sau
phn ng em ho tan vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 5,376 lt kh (ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 12,5%. B. 60%. C. 80%. D. 90%.
Cu 4: Nung nng 23,3 gam hn hp gm Al v Cr
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton. Chia hn hp thu c sau phn ng thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt phn ng va vi 150
ml dung dch NaOH 1M (long). ha tan ht phn hai cn va dung dch cha a mol HCl. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,75. B. 0,5. C. 0,45. D. 0,65.
Cu 5: Nung 21,4 gam hn hp X gm bt Al v Fe
2
O
3
(phn ng nhit nhm), thu c hn hp Y. Cho Y tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl d c dung dch Z. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c kt ta T. Nung T
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 16 gam cht rn. Khi lng ca Al v Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp X
ln lt l
A. 4,4 gam v 17 gam. B. 5,4 gam v 16 gam. C. 6,4 gam v 15 gam. D. 7,4 gam v 14 gam.
Cu 6: Trn u 0,54 gam bt Al vi bt Fe
2
O
3
v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn hp X.
Cho X tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
c hn hp kh NO v NO
2
c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 3. Th tch kh
NO v NO
2
(ktc) trong hn hp ln lt l
A. 0,224 lt v 0,672 lt. B. 2,24 lt v 6,72 lt. C. 0,672 lt v 0,224 lt. D. 6,72 lt v 2,24 lt.
Cu 7: Trn 0,81 gam Al vi 3,2 gam Fe
2
O
3
ri thc hin phn ng nhit nhm thu c cht rn X. Cho X
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 75%. B. 50%. C. 40,5%. D. 33,33%.
Cu 8: Trn 0,54 gam bt Al vi Fe
2
O
3
v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng c
khng kh, thu c hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan X trong dung dch HNO
3
thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh Y
gm NO
2
v NO (ktc). T khi hi ca hn hp kh Y so vi H
2
l
A. 17. B. 19. C. 21. D. 23.
Cu 9: Nung 21,4 gam hn hp X gm bt Al v Fe
2
O
3
(phn ng nhit nhm), thu c hn hp Y. Cho Y
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d c dung dch Z. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c kt ta
T. Nung T trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 16 gam cht rn. Khi lng ca Al v
Fe
2
O
3
trong hn hp X l
A. 4,4 gam v 17 gam. B. 5,4 gam v 16 gam. C. 6,4 gam v 15 gam. D. 7,4 gam v 14 gam.
Cu 10: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe
3
O
4
trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c dung


dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Sc kh CO
2
(d) vo dung dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 48,3. B. 57,0. C. 45,6. D. 36,7.
Cu 11: Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe
x
O
y
(trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c 0,03 mol H
2
, dung
dch Y v 4,48 gam cht rn khng tan. Cho t t dung dch HCl vo Y n khi thu c lng kt ta ln
nht, lc ly kt ta nung n khi lng khng i c 5,1 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m v cng thc Fe
x
O
y

ln lt l
A. 11,2 v Fe
3
O
4
. B. 8,5 v FeO. C. 9,1 v Fe
2
O
3
. D. 10,2 v Fe
2
O
3
.
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm bt Al v Fe
2
O
3
. Ly 85,6 gam X em ung nng thc hin phn ng nhit
nhm, sau mt thi gian c m gam hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: ho tan trong dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc).
- Phn 2: ho tan trong dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 10,08 lt kh H
2
( ktc).
Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp Y l
A. 18,0%. B. 19,62%. C. 39,25%. D. 40,0%.
Cu 13: Khi cho 41,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe
2
O
3
, Cr
2
O
3
v Al
2
O
3
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c (d).
Sau phn ng c cht rn c khi lng 16 gam. kh hon ton 41,4 gam X bng phn ng nhit
nhm, phi dng 10,8 gam Al. Phn trm khi lng ca Cr
2
O
3
trong hn hp X l (bit cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton)
A. 36,71%. B. 19,62%. C. 39,25%. D. 40,15%.
Cu 14: Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr
2
O
3
; 69,6 gam Fe
3
O
4
v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c 114,5 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton bt hn hp X phn ng vi dung dch
HCl (d) thot ra V lt H
2
A. 34,72. B. 24,64. C. 30,24. D. 28,00.
Cu 15: Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm 26,8 gam hn hp X gm Al gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe
2
O
3
.
Sau khi lm ngui, ly hn hp thu c ho tan trong dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 11,2 lt H
2
(ktc).
Hiu sut ca cc phn ng l 100%. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban u l
A. 20,15%. B. 40,03%. C. 59,70%. D. 79,85%.
Cu 16: Nung a gam hn hp bt Al v Fe
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi lng phn
ng c hn hp rn X. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c 0,15 mol H
2
.
- Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,55 mol H
2
v dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH d trong khng kh , lc ly kt ta ri nung n khi lng khng i c b
gam cht rn Z. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l
A. 45,5 v 3,2. B. 59,0 v 14,4. C. 91,0 v 32,0. D. 77,5 v 37,1.
Cu 17: Nung 5,54 gam hn hp X gm Fe
3
O
4
, CuO v Al n phn ng hon ton c hn hp rn Y.
Ho tan ht Y trong dung dch HCl d th lng H
2
sinh ra ti a l 0,06 mol. Nu cho Y vo dung dch
NaOH d th thy cn 2,96 gam cht rn khng tan. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong X l
A. 29,24%. B. 24,37%. C. 19,50%. D. 34,11%.
Cu 18: Oxi ho hon ton 11,2 gam Fe thu c 17,6 gam hn hp X gm cc oxit. kh hon ton X
thnh Fe cn dng va 5,4 gam bt Al. Ho tan hn hp thu c sau phn ng nhit nhm bng dung
dch HCl thy thot ra V lt kh H
2
A. 3,36. B. 8,96. C. 6,72. D. 2,24.
Cu 19: Trn 0,81 gam bt Al vi hn hp bt Fe
2
O
3
, Al
2
O
3
v CuO ri t nng tin hnh phn ng
nhit nhm. Ho tan hon ton X trong dung dch HNO
3
un nng c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24. B. 0,224. C. 0,672. D. 6,72.
Cu 20: Nung 9,66 gam hn hp bt X gm Al v mt oxit st trong iu kin khng c khng kh, khi
phn ng nhit nhm xy ra hon ton (gi s ch xy ra phn ng kh oxit st thnh st) thu c hn hp
sn phm Y. Chia Y lm 2 phn u nhau:


- Phn 1: ho tan trong dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 0,336 lt H
2
(ktc).
- Phn 2: ho tan trong dung dch HCl d c 1,344 lt H
2
(ktc).
Oxit st trong X l
A. FeO. B. Fe
2
O
3
. C. Fe
3
O
4
. D. Fe
2
O
3
hoc Fe
3
O
4
.



DNG TON TRNG TM 10:

T duy nhanh: Bi ny cc em khng th theo con ng t n x, y l s mol ca tng mui ri i tm trc
tip M c m chng ta phi bin theo gi tr trung bnh phng php gi tr trung bnh.
Hng dn gii:

2
CO
n = 0,02 mol n
hn hp 2 mui
= 0,02 mol hh M =
1, 9
0, 02
= 95
Ta c M + 61 < hh M = 95 < 2M + 60 17,5 < M < 34. Vy ch c kim loi Na (23) tho mn.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: Tm gi tr nguyn t khi trung bnh tm khong nghim thch hp. Khi ta gi s hn hp
ch c kim loi kim hoc kim loi kim th th tm c khong gi tr trung bnh .
Hng dn gii:

2
H
n = 0,25 mol
Gi s hn hp ban u l kim loi kim: X
HCl +

1
2
H
2

2
H
n = 0,25 n
X
= 0,5 mol M
X
=
7,1
0, 5
= 14,2.
Gi s hn hp ban u l kim loi kim th: Y
HCl +
H
2

2
H
n = n
Y
= 0,25 mol M
Y
=
7,1
0, 25
= 28,4.
Vy ch c cp kim loi Na (23) v Mg (24) tho mn.
p n C.

BI TP LUYN TP TNG HP

1. (H khi B - 2008): Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na. B. K. C. Rb. D. Li.
3. (H khi B - 2009): Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai
nguyn t c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t Z
X
< Z
Y
) vo
dung dch AgNO
3
(d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban
u l
A. 58,2%. B. 41,8%. C. 52,8%. D. 47,2%.
2. (H khi A - 2010): Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc
dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. kali v bari. B. liti v beri. C. natri v magie. D. kali v canxi.



T duy nhanh: Khi cho cc mui halogenua tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
th ch c mui ca ion Cl
, Br
,
I
to kt ta vi ion Ag
+
cn ion F
khng to kt ta vi Ag
+
. V vy trong bi ny ta chia thnh 2 trng
hp.
Hng dn gii:
TH1: t cng thc phn t trung bnh l NaX
NaX + AgNO
3
AgX + NaNO
3

6, 03
NaX

6, 03
NaX

AgX
m =
6, 03
NaX
(108 + X) = 8,61 X = 175,66
Loi trng hp ny.

TH2: Trng hp c mui NaF mui kia l NaCl.
Ta c n
NaCl
= n
AgCl
=
8, 61
143, 5
= 0,06 mol m
NaCl
= 0,06.58,5 = 3,51 gam.
m
NaF
= 6,03 3,51 = 2,52 gam %m
NaF
= 41,8%.
p n B.

T duy nhanh: So snh s mol kt ta ca BaCO
3
v CaCO
3
ta thy rng trong dung dch X phi cha
2
3
CO

v
3
HCO
nn khi phn ng vi CaCl

2
d, un nng ta thu c lng kt ta chnh lch nh vy. p dng
bo ton mol nguyn t v bit phng trnh ion thu gn gii bi ny.
Hng dn gii:

3
BaCO
n = 0,06 mol;
3
CaCO
n = 0,07 mol.
Ta c Ba
2+
+
2
3
CO

BaCO
3
;
2
3
CO
n

=
3
BaCO
n = 0,06 mol.
Mt khc: Ca
2+
+
2
3
CO

CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2

o
t
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,06 0,06 0,01 0,07 0,06

Vy trong 2 lt dung dch X
2
3
3
CO :2.0, 06mol
HCO d:2.0,02mol

3
HCO
+ OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O
0,12 0,12 0,12
4. (H khi A - 2010): Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO
3
nng a mol/l, thu c 2 lt
dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
(d) thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt
khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl
2
(d) ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu
c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a, m tng ng l
A. 0,08 v 4,8. B. 0,04 v 4,8. C. 0,14 v 2,4. D. 0,07 v 3,2.



3
HCO
n

= 0,16 mol =
3
NaHCO
n a =
0,16
2
= 0,08M
v
OH
n = n
NaOH
= 0,12 mol m = 0,12.40 = 4,8 gam.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: loi b ht lng Ca
2+
trong dung dch X v lng Ca
2+
c trong dung dch Ca(OH)
2
thm
vo th
2
Ca
n
+
=
2
3
CO
n

. Da vo phng trnh ion thu gn gii.
Hng dn gii:

( )
2
Ca OH
n =
a
74
=
2
Ca
n
+
mol (lng Ca
2+
thm vo)
2
Ca
n
+
= (
a
74
+ 0,003) mol.
Khi cho dung dch Ca(OH)
2
vo dung dch X th

3
HCO
+ OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O
0,006 0,006 (mol)
loi b ht Ca
2+
th
2
Ca
n
+
=
2
3
CO
n

= 0,006 mol (
a
74
+ 0,003) = 0,006 a = 0,222 gam.
p n D.

T duy nhanh: Da vo 4 p n ta c th loi b p n C v D v nu c
2
3
CO

v OH
trong dung dch

s to ra lng kt ta CaCO
3
khng tn ti dung dch. Cc em d dng tnh nhm c s mol ca ion X
da vo phng php bo ton in tch.
Hng dn gii:
Ta c
Na
n
+
+ 2
2
Ca
n
+

3
HCO
n

= n
X
= 0,03 mol.
p n A.

5. (H khi A - 2010): Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na
+
; 0,003 mol Ca
2+
; 0,006 mol Cl
; 0,006
mol v 0,001 mol . loi b ht Ca
2+
trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a
gam Ca(OH)
2
. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,180. B. 0,120. C. 0,444. D. 0,222.

7. (C - 2010): Cho 1,56 gam hn hp gm Al v Al
2
O
3
phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c V
lt kh H
2
3
n d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta, lc ht
lng kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 2,04 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,448. B. 0,224. C. 1,344. D. 0,672.

6. (H khi B - 2012): Mt dung dch gm: 0,01 mol Na
+
; 0,02 mol Ca
2+
; 0,02 mol v a mol ion X (b
qua s in li ca nc). Ion X v gi tr ca a l
A. v 0,03. B. Cl
v 0,01. C. v 0,03. D. OH
v 0,03.


T duy nhanh: Khi nh t t dung dch NH
3
vo dung dch cha mui Al
3+
th ta thu c kt ta Al(OH)
3

khng tan trong dung dch NH
3
d. Nung Al(OH)
3
Al
2
O
3
(2,04 gam cht rn). Hai d kin ta thit lp
c 2 phng trnh 2 n s mol ca Al v Al
2
O
3
.
Hng dn gii:

2 3
Al O
n =
2, 04
102
= 0,02 mol n
nguyn t Al ban u
= 2
2 3
Al O
n = 0,04 mol.
t s mol ca Al v Al
2
O
3
ln lt l x v y (mol).
Khi lng hn hp: 27x + 102y = 1,56
Tng s mol nguyn t Al: x + 2y = 0,04
x = 0,02
Al
HCl +

3
2
H
2
;
2
H
n = 0,02.
3
2
= 0,03 mol
2
H
V = 0,762 lt.
p n D.

T duy nhanh: Khi s liu dng khi lng hoc p dng bo ton khi lng hoc p dng phng php
tng gim. Bi ny khi lng cht rn sau phn ng gim so vi ban u ta loi c 1 p n l p n
A (v gc
3
HCO
chuyn sang
2
4
SO

th phi tng nhng bi ny gim chng t phi c 2 gc
3
HCO
trong
mui hirocacbonat).
Hng dn gii:
Do khi lng cht rn gim nn phi l mui ca kim loi ho tr II M(HCO
3
)
2
.
Ta c m = 9,125 7,5 = 1,625 m M = 2.61 96 = 26

( )
3
2
M HCO
n =
M
m
=
1, 625
26
= 0,0625 mol
( )
3
2
M HCO
M =
0,
9,125
0625
= 146 M = 146 2.61 = 24 (Mg).
p n D.

T duy nhanh: Khi cho dung dch Ca(OH)
2
tc dng vi 1/2 dung dch X thu c 3 gam kt ta cc em
tnh c s mol ca ion
2
3
CO

trong 1/2 dung dch X. D kin cho 1/2 dung dch phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH d tnh s mol Ca
2+
. p dng bo ton mol ic tch cc em tnh c s mol Na
+
trong dung dch
X.
Hng dn gii:
1/2 dung dch X + Ca(OH)
2
:
3
CaCO
n =
2
3
CO
n

= 0,03 mol
8. (C - 2010): Cho 9,125 gam mui hirocacbonat phn ng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
(d), thu c
dung dch cha 7,5 gam mui sunfat trung ho. Cng thc ca mui hirocacbonat l
A. NaHCO
3
. B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. C. Ba(HCO
3
)
2
. D. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
.
9. (H khi B - 2010): Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Na
+
, v Cl
, trong s mol ca ion Cl

l 0,1. Cho 1/2 dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho 1/2 dung
dch X cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n
cn dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,21. B. 9,26. C. 8,79. D. 7,47.



3
HCO
+ OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O;
2
3
CO
n

=
3
HCO
n

= 0,03 mol
1/2 dung dch X + NaOH d:
3
CaCO
n = 0,02 mol (do lng Ca
2+
<
2
3
CO

) nn
2
Ca
n
+
= 0,02 mol.
Vy trong dung dch X
3
2
(0, 04mol); x mol

HCO (0, 06mol
Ca Na
Cl ); (0,1mol)
+
+

p dng bo ton in tch x = 0,06 + 0,1 2.0,04 = 0,08 mol.
Khi c cn dung dch X, xy ra phn ng: 2
3
HCO

o
t

2
3
CO

+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,06 0,03 (mol)
Khi lng cht rn khan sau khi c cn dung dch l:
m =
Na
m
+
+
2
Ca
m
+
+
2
3
CO
m

+
Cl
m = 0,08.23 + 0,04.40 + 0,03.60 + 0,1.35,5 = 8,79 gam.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: Khi un nng ch c
3
HCO
l thnh phn thay i to ra

2
3
CO

kt hp vi lng Ca
2+
v
Mg
2+
lm gim cng ca nc cng (l mt trong nhng phng php lm gim cng). So snh s
mol
2
3
CO

vi s mol Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
nu cn 2 cation ny th nc trn vn c tnh cng.
Hng dn gii:
2
3
HCO

o
t

2
3
CO

+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,1

0,05

2
3
CO
n

= 0,05 mol <
2
Ca
n
+
+
2
Mg
n
+
= 0,06 mol vn cn Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
sau khi un nng.
Dung dch sau khi un nng cn: Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Na
+
, Cl
,
2
4
SO

nc c tnh vnh cu.
p n B.

T duy nhanh: p dng phng php gi tr trung bnh.
Hng dn gii:
n
AgCl
= 0,13 mol
MCl
n = 0,13 mol
10. (C - 2011): Mt cc nc c cha cc ion: Na
+
(0,02 mol), Mg
2+
(0,02 mol), Ca
2+
(0,04 mol), Cl

(0,02 mol), (0,10 mol) v (0,01 mol). un si cc nc trn cho n khi cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton th nc cn li trong cc
A. l nc mm. B. c tnh cng vnh cu.
C. c tnh cng ton phn. D. c tnh cng tm thi.

11. (C - 2011): Ho tan hon ton 6,645 gam hn hp mui clorua ca hai kim loi kim thuc hai chu
k k tip nhau vo nc c dung dch X. Cho ton b dung dch X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
AgNO
3
(d), thu c 18,655 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi kim trn l
A. Rb v Cs. B. Na v K. C. Li v Na. D. K v Rb.


MCl

=
6, 645
0,13
= 51,11 M = 51,11 35,5 15,6 Li v Na.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: So snh s mol OH
v CO
2
sinh mui no (
2
3
CO

,
3
HCO
) ri p dng bo ton khi

lng thnh ion trong dung dch.
Hng dn gii:

OH
n = n
NaOH
+ n
KOH
= 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04 mol

2
CO
n = 0,015 mol

2
OH
CO
n
n
=
8
3
> 2 CO
2
phn ng ht, OH
cn d, sinh ra mui
2
3
CO

.
CO
2
+ 2OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O
Ta c
2
3
CO
n

=
2
CO
n = 0,015;
OH d
n = 0,04 0,015.2 = 0,01 mol
Khi lng cht rn sau khi c cn dung dch l:

Na
m
+
+
+
K
m +
2
3
CO
m

+
OH d
m = 0,02.23 + 0,02.39 + 0,015.60 + 0,01.17 = 2,31 gam.
p n C.

T duy nhanh: p dng bo ton in tch v phng trnh ion thu gn.
Hng dn gii:

( )
2
Ca OH
n = aV
OH
n = 2aV (mol)

3
HCO
+ OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O
z 2aV
kt ta ln nht th z = 2aV (1)
Trong dung dch E, trung ho in tch th: 2x + 2y = z (2)
T (1) v (2) V =
x y
.
a
+

p n D.

12. (C - 2012): Hp th hon ton 0,336 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch gm NaOH 0,1M v KOH
0,1M thu c dung dch X. C cn ton b dung dch X thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?

13. (C - 2012): Dung dch E gm x mol Ca
2+
, y mol Ba
2+
, z mol . Cho t t dung dch Ca(OH)
2
nng
a mol/l vo dung dch E n khi thu c kt ta ln nht th va ht V lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
. Biu thc
lin h gia cc gi tr V, a, x, y l
A. V = 2a(x + y). B. V = a(2x + y). C. V = D. V =



T duy nhanh: Gi s hn hp ch c kim loi kim v gi s hn hp ch c kim loi kim th cc em s
gii hn c gi tr khi lng mol ca 2 kim loi.
Hng dn gii:
Gi s hn hp ch c kim loi kim: th M =
1,1
0,1
= 11
Gi s hn hp ch c kim loi kim th th: M =
1,1
0, 05
= 22. Vy kim loi kim ch c th l Li.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: Kt ta y l BaCO
3
, cc em ch cn so snh s mol ca Ba
2+
vi
2
3
CO

tnh ton s
mol kt ta theo ion no ht.
Hng dn gii:

2
3
CO
n

=
( )
4 3
2
NH CO
n = 0,1 mol;
2
Ba
n
+
=
( )
2
Ba OH
n =
34, 2
171
= 0,2 mol.

2
Ba
n
+
>
2
3
CO
n

3
BaCO
n =
2
3
CO
n

= 0,1 mol m = 0,1.197 = 19,7 gam.
p n A.

T duy nhanh: Khi ho tan phn chua vo nc s in li ra ion Al
3+
v
2
4
SO

s to kt ta vi OH
v
Ba
2+
. So snh s mol ion ri tm s mol kt ta theo phng trnh ion thu gn.
Hng dn gii:

( )
4 2
2
KAl SO .12H O
n =
47, 4
474
= 0,1 mol
3
Al
n
+
= 0,1 mol v
2
4
SO
n

= 0,2 mol

( )
2
Ba OH
n = 0,2 mol
2
Ba
n
+
= 0,2 mol v
OH
n = 0,4 mol
Ta thy rng
OH
n = 4
3
Al
n
+
kt ta Al(OH)
3
ho tan ht to thnh
2
AlO
(khng c kt ta ny).
Ba
2+
+
2
4
SO

BaSO
4

0,2 0,2 0,2

14. (C - 2012): Ho tan hon ton 1,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y
(M
X
< M
Y
) trong dung dch HCl d, thu c 1,12 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Kim loi X l
A. Li. B. Na. C. Rb. D. K.

15. (C - 2009): Cho dung dch cha 0,1 mol (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
tc dng vi dung dch cha 34,2 gam
Ba(OH)
2
. Sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,7. B. 39,4. C. 17,1. D. 15,5.
16. (C - 2009): Ho tan hon ton 47,4 gam phn chua KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O vo nc, thu c dung
dch X. Cho ton b X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M, sau phn ng thu c m gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8. B. 46,6. C. 54,4. D. 62,2.


gi tr ca m =
4
BaSO
m = 0,2.233 = 46,6 gam.
p n B.

BI TP T LUYN
Cu 1: in phn mui clorua ca mt kim loi kim nng chy thu c 0,896 lt kh (ktc) anot v 1,84
gam kim loi catot. Cng thc ho hc ca mui l
A. LiCl. B. NaCl. C. KCl. D. RbCl.
Cu 2: Cho 2,84 gam hn hp CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 672 ml kh
CO
2
(ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca hai mui (CaCO
3
, MgCO
3
) trong hn hp l
A. 35,2% v 64,8%. B. 70,4% v 29,6%. C. 85,49% v 14,51%. D. 17,6% v 82,4%.
Cu 3: oxi ho hon ton mt kim loi M ho tr II thnh oxit phi dng mt lng oxi bng 40% lng
kim loi dng. Kim loi M l
A. Zn. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Ba.
Cu 4: Nung hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi k tip nhau trong nhm IIA ti khi lng khng i
thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 4,64 gam hn hp hai oxit. Hai kim loi l
A. Mg v Ca. B. Be v Mg. C. Ca v Sr. D. Sr v Ba.
Cu 5: trung dung dch ho hn hp X cha 0,1 mol NaOH v 0,15 mol Ba(OH)
2
cn bao nhiu lt dung
dch hn hp Y cha HCl 0,1M v H
2
SO
4
0,05M?
A. 1 lt. B. 2 lt. C. 3 lt. D. 4 lt.
Cu 6: Ho tan hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II trong dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 lt
kh (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thy khi lng mui khan thu c nhiu hn khi lng 2
mui cacbonat ban u l
Cu 7: Cho a gam hn hp BaCO
3
v CaCO
3
tc dng ht vi V lt dung dch HCl 0,4M thy gii phng
4,48 lt CO
2
(ktc), dn kh thu c vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d
a) Khi lng kt ta thu c l
b) Th tch dung dch HCl cn dng l
A. 1,0 lt. B. 1,5 lt. C. 1,6 lt. D. 1,7 lt.
c) Gi tr ca a nm trong khong no
A. 10 gam < a < 20 gam. B. 20 gam < a < 35,4 gam.
C. 20 gam < a < 39,4 gam. D. 20 gam < a < 40 gam.
Cu 8: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi thuc nhm IIA hai chu k lin tip tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl. C cn dung dch sau khi phn ng thu c 20,6 gam mui khan. Hai kim loi
l
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Ca v Sr. D. Sr v Ba.
Cu 9: Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaHCO
3
1M v Na
2
CO
3
0,5M. Khi
lng kt ta to ra l
Cu 10: Ho tan hon ton 4 gam hn hp gm MCO
3
v MCO
3
vo dung dch HCl thy thot ra V lt kh
(ktc). Dung dch to thnh em c cn thu c 5,1 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,12. B. 1,68. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.
Cu 11: Dung dch A cha 5 ion: Mg
2+
, Ba
2+
, Ca
2+
, Cl
(0,1 mol),
3
NO
(0,2 mol). Thm dn V ml dung

dch K
2
CO
3
1M vo dung dch A cho ti khi lng kt ta thu c ln nht. Gi tr ca V l
A. 150. B. 300. C. 200. D. 250.
Cu 12: in phn Al
2
O
3
nng chy vi dng in cng 9,65A trong thi gian 3000 giy, thu c 2,16 gam
Al. Hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn l
A. 60%. B. 70%. C. 80%. D. 90%.


Cu 13: Cho 5,4 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th tch kh H
2

(ktc) thu c l
A. 4,48 lt. B. 0,448 lt. C. 0,672 lt. D. 0,224 lt.
Cu 14: t chy bt Al trong bnh Cl
2
d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh tng
4,26 gam. Khi lng Al tham gia phn ng l
Cu 15: Cho 3,04 gam hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng vi axit HCl thu c 4,15 gam hn hp mui clorua.
Khi lng ca mi hiroxit trong hn hp ln lt l
A. 1,17 gam v 2,98 gam. B. 1,12 gam v 1,6 gam.
C. 1,12 gam v 1,92 gam. D. 0,8 gam v 2,24 gam.
Cu 16: Sc 6,72 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch c cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH)
2
. Khi lng kt ta thu c l
Cu 17: Sc a mol kh CO
2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
thu c 3 gam kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, dung dch cn li
mang un nng thu thm c 2 gam kt ta na. Gi tr ca a l
Cu 18: Cho 31,2 gam hn hp bt Al v Al
2
O
3
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 13,44 lt H
2
(ktc).
Khi lng tng cht trong hn hp ban u ln lt l
A. 16,2 gam v 15 gam. B. 10,8 gam v 20,4 gam.
C. 6,4 gam v 24,8 gam. D. 11,2 gam v 20 gam.
Cu 19: Ho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp gm Al v Al
2
O
3
trong dung dch NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt kh H
2

(ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l
A. 48%. B. 50%. C. 52%. D. 54%.
Cu 20: in phn nng chy 4,25 gam mui clorua ca mt kim loi kim thu c 1,568 lt kh ti anot (o
109,2
o
C v 1 atm). Kim loi kim l
Cu 21: Cho 21,6 gam mt kim loi cha bit ho tr tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long thu c 6,72 lt N
2
O
duy nht (ktc). Kim loi l
A. Na. B. Zn. C. Mg. D. Al.
Cu 22: Ho tan hon ton m gam bt Al vo dung dch HNO
3
d ch thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh X gm NO v
N
2
O (ktc) c t l mol l 1 : 3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 24,3. B. 42,3. C. 25,3. D. 25,7.
Cu 23: Sc 11,2 lt kh SO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch NaOH d, dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi BaCl
2
d th
khi lng kt ta thu c l
Cu 24: Cho 7,8 gam hn hp Mg v Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng thy khi lng dung
dch tng thm 7 gam. S mol HCl tham phn ng l
Cu 25: Cho 700 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 100 ml dung dch AlCl
3
0,2M. Sau phn ng, khi lng kt ta
to ra l
Cu 26: Cho 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
1M v CuSO
4
1M tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d. Kt
ta thu c em nung n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi lng l
3
1M vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2,25M c dung dch X. kt ta hon
ton ion Al
3+
trong dung dch X di dng hiroxit cn dng mt th tch kh CO
2
(ktc) l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 1,12 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
Cu 28: 100 ml dung dch X cha 2,17 gam hn hp gm: NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
v Na
2
SO
4
. Cho BaCl
2
d vo
dung dch X thu c kt ta v dung dch Y. trung ho dung dch Y cn 20 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M.
Mt khc, 50 ml dung dch X tc dng va ht vi dung dch HCl c 112 ml kh (ktc). Nng mol ca
Na
2
SO
4
trong dung dch X l


A. 0,5M. B. 0,05M. C. 0,12M. D. 0,06M.
Cu 29: Dung dch X cha hn hp NaOH a mol/l v Ba(OH)
2
b mol/l. trung ho 50 ml dung dch X cn
60 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. Mt khc, cho lng d dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo 100 ml dung dch X c 0,394
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a, b ln lt l
A. 0,1; 0,01. B. 0,1; 0,08. C. 0,08; 0,01. D. 0,08; 0,02.
Cu 30: C 2 lt dung dch NaCl 0,5M. Khi lng kim loi v th tch kh thu c (ktc) t dung dch
trn (hiu sut iu ch t 90%) l
A. 27 gam v 18 lt. B. 20,7 gam v 10,8 lt.
C. 10,35 gam v 5,04 lt. D. 31,05 gam v 15,12 lt.
Cu 31: Cho 100 gam CaCO
3
tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Kh thot ra c hp th vo 200 gam dung
dch NaOH 30%. Khi lng mui thu c l
A. 10,6 gam. B. 16,8 gam. C. 95 gam. D. 100,5 gam.
Cu 32: Cho 6 lt hn hp CO
2
v N
2
(ktc) i qua dung dch NaOH, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X.
Cho BaCl
2
vo dung dch X c 2,955 gam kt ta, lc b kt ta thu c dung dch Y. Cho Ba(OH)
2
d
vo Y li c 11,82 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch CO
2
trong hn hp l
A. 42%. B. 56%. C. 28%. D. 50%.
Cu 33: Cho 5 gam hn hp Na, Na
2
O v tp cht tr tc dng vi H
2
O c 1,875 lt kh (ktc). Trung ho
dung dch sau phn ng cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Phn trm tp cht tr l
A. 2%. B. 2,8%. C. 5,6%. D. 1,1%.
Cu 34: Cho 16,8 lt CO
2
(ktc) hp th hon ton vo 600 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c dung dch X.
Nu cho dung dch BaCl
2
d vo dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta?
Cu 35: Cho V ml (ktc) CO
2
vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,02M th thu c 0,2 gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca V l
A. 44,8 ml hoc 89,6 ml. B. 44,8 ml.
C. 44,8 ml hoc 224 ml. D. 89,6 ml.
Cu 36: Dn V lt (ktc) kh SO
2
qua 100 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
1M thu c 7,2 gam kt ta. Lc b kt
ta, ly nc lc un nng li thu c thm kt ta na. Gi tr ca V l
A. 3,136. B. 3,36 hoc 1,12. C. 1,344. D. 1,344 hoc 3,136.
Cu 37: Sc 2,24 lt CO
2
vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Ca(OH)
2
0,5M v KOH 2M th thu c m
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,0 gam. B. 30 gam. C. 10 gam. D. 5 gam.
Cu 38: Nung 13,5 gam hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi ho tr 2, thu c 6,9 gam cht rn v kh X.
Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l
Cu 39: Cho 200 ml dung dch X cha MgCl
2
v BaCl
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c kt ta Y. Nung
kt ta Y n khi lng khng i c 6 gam cht rn. Mt khc, cho 400 ml dung dch X tc dng vi dung
dch H
2
SO
4
d c 46,6 gam kt ta. Nng mol ca dung dch MgCl
2
v BaCl
2
trong hn hp X l
A. 0,75M; 0,5M. B. 0,5M; 0,75M. C. 0,75M; 1M. D. 0,0075M; 0,005M.
Cu 40: Mt loi vi cha 80%, phn cn lai l tp cht tr. Nung a gam vi mt thi gian th thu
c cht rn nng 0,78a gam. Hiu sut phn hu CaCO
3
l
A. 60%. B. 65%. C. 62,5%. D. 70,5%.
Cu 41: Khi thm rt t t dung dch cha 0,3 mol HCl vo 500 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
0,4M n khi kt
thc phn ng c dung dch X v kh Y. Thm nc vi trong d vo dung dch c m gam kt ta. Gi
tr ca m l
Cu 42: C 28,1 gam hn hp MgCO
3
v BaCO
3
, trong MgCO
3
chim a% v khi lng. Cho hn hp trn
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl ly kh CO
2
ri em sc vo dung dch c cha 0,2 mol Ca(OH)
2
c kt ta
X. Gi tr ca a kt ta X thu c l ln nht
A. 59,78%. B. 29,89%. C. 14,945%. D. 44,835%.


2
(o 54,6
o
C v 2,4 atm) hp th hon ton vo 200 ml dung dch KOH 1M v
Ba(OH)
2
0,75M thu c 23,64 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,688 hoc 8,512. B. 4,25. C. 1,344 hoc 4,256. D. gi tr khc.
Cu 44: Nhit phn hon ton 38 gam hn hp X gm MgCO
3
v Mg(NO
3
)
2
thu c 13,44 lt hn hp kh Y
(ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca MgCO
3
trong hn hp X l
A. 22,11%. B. 77,89%. C. 46,95%. D. 53,05%.
Cu 45: Cho 10 gam mt kim loi kim th tc dng vi nc, thu c 6,11 lt kh H
2
(25
o
C v 1 atm). Kim loi
kim th l
A. Sr. B. Ca. C. Mg. D. Ba.
Cu 46: Ho tan 8,2 gam hn hp bt CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
trong nc cn 2,016 lt CO
2
(ktc). Thnh phn phn
trm s mol ca CaCO
3
trong hn hp l
A. 44,44%. B. 48,78. C. 51,22%. D. 55,56%.
Cu 47: Dung dch X c cha cc ion Ba
2+
, Cl
,
3
NO
c tng khi lng mui trong X l 13,54 gam. lm kt

ta ht ion Ba
2+
trong X cn 100 ml dung dch Na
2
SO
3
0,6M, thu c m gam kt ta v dung dch Y. Khi lng
mui c trong dung dch Y l
2
(ktc) hp th hon ton bi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M v Ca(OH)
2
0,1M.
Tng khi lng cc mui thu c l
A. 1,26 gam. B. 2,16 gam. C. 1,06 gam. D. gi tr khc.
Cu 49: Sc 2,24 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Ca(OH)
2
0,5M v KOH 2M th thu c
m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5. B. 30. C. 10. D. khng thu c kt ta.
Cu 50: Trn 5,4 gam bt Al vi 4,8 gam bt Fe
2
O
3
ri nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit nhm. Sau phn ng
hon ton, ly 1/2 hn hp rn thu c ho tan vo dung dch HCl d. Th tch kh H
2
thu c iu kin tiu
chun l
A. 6,72 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,024 lt.
Cu 51: Cho m gam hn hp gm Al, Al
2
O
3
tan hon ton vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c 6,72 lt kh
(ktc) v 68,4g mui sunfat. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8. B. 15,6. C. 23,4. D. 12,9.
Cu 52: Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
10% thu c 2,24
lt kh H
2
( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l
Cu 53: Cho m gam Al tc dng vi m gam Cl
2
(gi s hiu sut phn ng l 100%) sau phn ng thu c
cht rn X. Cho cht rn X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch Y v 8,904 lt H
2
(ktc). C
cn dung dch Y thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?
Cu 54: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na v Al vo nc thu c dung dch X, 5,376 lt H
2
(ktc) v 3,51
gam cht rn khng tan. Nu oxi ha m gam X cn bao nhiu lt kh Cl
2
(ktc)?
A. 9,968 lt. B. 8,624 lt. C. 9,520 lt. D. 9,744 lt.
Cu 55: Rt t t 200 gam dung dch NaOH 8% vo 150 gam dung dch AlCl
3
10,68% thu c kt ta v
dung dch X. Cho thm m gam dung dch HCl 18,25% vo dung dch X thu c 1,17 gam kt ta v dung
dch Y. Nng % ca NaCl trong dung dch Y l
A. 6,403% hoc 6,830%. B. 5,608% hoc 6,830%.
C. 5,608% hoc 8,645%. D. 6,403% hoc 8,645%.
Cu 56: Cho m gam Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl 18,25% va thu c dung dch X v kh H
2
. Thm
m gam Na vo dung dch X thu c 3,51 gam kt ta. Khi lng ca dung dch X l
Cu 57: Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm gia 6,48 gam Al vi 17,6 gam Fe
2
O
3
. Ch c phn ng nhm kh
oxit kim loi to kim loi. em ha tan cht rn sau phn ng nhit nhm bng dung dch xt d cho n kt
thc phn ng, thu c 1,344 lt H
2
(ktc). Hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm l


A. 100%. B. 90,9%. C. 83,3%. D. 70%.
Cu 58: Ha tan ht m gam bt kim loi nhm trong dung dch HNO
3
, thu c 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp ba
kh NO, N
2
O v N
2
. T l th tch
2 2
NO N O N
V :V :V = 3 : 2 : 1. Gi tr ca m l
2 2
NO N O N
V :V :V
A. 32,4. B. 31,5. C. 40,5. D. 24,3.
Cu 59: Cho 6,48 gam bt kim loi Al vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
1M v ZnSO
4
0,8M. Sau
khi kt thc phn ng, thu c hn hp cc kim loi c khi lng m gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,4. B. 14,5. C. 15,1. D. 12,8.
Cu 60: Cho dung dch hn hp cha 0,2 mol NaAlO
2
(hay Na[Al(OH)
4
]) v 0,2 mol NaOH tc dng vi V
ml dung dch HCl 1M, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 300 ml hoc 100 ml. B. 100 ml.
C. 300 ml. D. 300 ml hoc 700 ml.



S 01

Cu 1: Cho Ba kim loi ln lt vo cc dung dch sau: NaHCO
3
, CuSO
4
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, NaNO
3
, MgCl
2
. S
dung dch c xut hin kt ta l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 2: Cho 20,6 gam hn hp mui cacbonat ca mt kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th tc dng vi
dung dch HCl d thy c 4,48 lt kh thot ra (ktc). C cn dung dch, mui khan thu c em in phn
nng chy thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,6. B. 8,7. C. 8,8. D. 8,9.
Cu 3: Dung dch A cha 5 ion: Mg
2+
, Ba
2+
, Ca
2+
, Cl
(0,1 mol),
3
NO
(0,2 mol). Thm dn V ml dung dch

K
2
CO
3
1M vo dung dch A cho ti khi lng kt ta thu c ln nht. Gi tr ca V l
A. 150. B. 300. C. 200. D. 250.
Cu 4: Sc kh Cl
2
va vo dung dch hn hp cha NaBr v NaI n phn ng hon ton th to ra 1,17
gam NaCl. Tng s mol NaBr v NaI trong dung dch ban u l
Cu 5: Cho 19,2 gam hn hp mui cacbonat ca mt kim loi ho tr I v mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho
tr II tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 4,48 lt mt cht kh (ktc). Khi lng mui to ra trong
dung dch l
Cu 6: in phn mt mui kim loi M nng chy vi cng dng in l 10A trong thi gian 2 gi, ngi ta
thu c catot 0,373 mol kim loi M. S oxi ho ca kim loi M trong mui l
A. +1. B. +2. C. +3. D. +4.
Cu 7: Cho dung dch cha 8,04 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong
t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t Z
X
< Z
Y
) vo dung dch AgNO
3
(d),
thu c 11,48 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp u l
A. 47,2%. B. 58,2%. C. 41,8%. D. 52,8%.
Cu 8: C 3 l, mi l ng dung dch sau: BaCl
2
, Ba(NO
3
)
2
, Ba(HCO
3
)
2
. Ch dng thuc th no sau y c th
nhn bit c cc dung dch trn?
A. qu tm. B. phenolphtalein. C. Na
2
CO
3
. D. AgNO
3
.
Cu 9: Cho 16,0 gam Fe
2
O
3
tc dng vi m gam Al ( nhit cao) thu c hn hp cht rn X. Cho X tc dng
vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c 7,84 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,1. B. 2,7. C. 5,4. D. 6,3.
3
1M vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2,25M c dung dch X. kt ta hon
ton ion Al
3+
trong dung dch X di dng hiroxit cn dng mt th tch kh CO
2
(ktc) l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 1,12 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
Cu 11: C 3 cht rn: Mg, Al, Al
2
O
3
ng trong 3 l mt nhn. Ch dng mt thuc th no sau y c th nhn
bit c mi cht?
A. dung dch HCl. B. dung dch H
2
SO
4
. C. dung dch CuSO
4
. D. dung dch NaOH.
Cu 12: Mui va tc dng vi dung dch HCl c kh thot ra, va tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho kt ta l
A. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
. B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. C. NaHCO
3
. D. Na
2
CO
3
.
KIM TRA
N LUYN TNG HP



Cu 13: Trong mt dung dch c a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl
, d mol
3
HCO
. Biu thc lin h gia a,

b, c, d l
A. a + b = c + d. B. 2a + 2b = c + d. C. 3a + 3b = c + d. D. 2a + c = b + d.
Cu 14: Trn 100 ml dung dch cha KHCO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
1M vi 100ml dung dch cha NaHCO
3
1M v
Na
2
CO
3
1M c 200 ml dung dch X. Nh t t 100 ml dung dch Y cha H
2
SO
4
1M v HCl 1M vo dung dch
X c V lt CO
2
2
d vo Z th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v m l
A. 2,24 v 59,1. B. 1,12 v 59,1. C. 2,24 v 82,4. D. 1,12 v 82,4.
Cu 15: Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm gia Al v Cr
2
O
3
trong iu kin khng c khng kh, sau phn ng
hon ton thu c hn hp X c khi lng 43,9 gam. Chia X lm 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng
vi NaOH d thu c 1,68 lt kh (ktc). Phn 2 phn ng va vi V lt dung dch HCl 1M (long,
nng). Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,65. B. 1,15. C. 1,05. D. 1,00.
Cu 16: Cho phn ng: Al + NaOH + 3H
2
O Na[Al(OH)
4
] +
3
2
H
2

Cht tham gia phn ng ng vai tr cht oxi ho l
A. NaOH. B. Na[Al(OH)
4
]. C. H
2
O. D. Al.
Cu 17: Cho 16,2 gam kim loi X (c ho tr n duy nht) tc dng vi 3,36 lt O
2
(ktc), phn ng xong thu c
cht rn A. Cho A tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1,2 gam kh H
2
thot ra. Kim loi X l
A. Mg. B. Zn. C. Al. D. Ca.
Cu 18: C th lm mm nc cng vnh cu bng cch
A. un si nc. B. Sc kh CO
2
vo nc.
C. Ch ho vi nc vi. D. Cho Na
2
CO
3
hoc Na
3
PO
4
.
Cu 19: Dy gm cc oxit u b Al kh nhit cao l:
A. FeO, MgO, CuO. B. PbO, K
2
O, SnO. C. Fe
3
O
4
, SnO, BaO. D. FeO, CuO, Cr
2
O
3
.
2
(ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm K
2
CO
3
0,2M v KOH x mol/lt,
sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2

(d), thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,6. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 1,4.

S 02

Cu 1: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Trong hp cht, tt c cc kim loi kim u c s oxi ha +1.
B. Tt c cc kim loi nhm IIA u c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
C. Tt c cc hiroxit ca kim loi nhm IIA u d tan trong nc.
D. Trong nhm IA, tnh kh ca cc kim loi gim dn t Li n Cs.
Cu 2: Dung dch cht X khng lm i mu qu tm; dung dch cht Y lm qu tm ho xanh. Trn ln hai dung
dch trn thu c kt ta. Hai cht X v Y tng ng l
A. KNO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
. B. Ba(NO
3
)
2
v Na
2
CO
3
.
C. Na
2
SO
4
v BaCl
2
. D. Ba(NO
3
)
2
v K
2
SO
4
.
Cu 3: Cho 4,76 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht vi dung
dch HCl d, sinh ra 0,896 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Kim loi kim M l
Cu 4: Ha tan hon ton m gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo nc c dung dch X. Nu cho 500 ml dung dch NaOH
2M vo X th thu c 2a gam kt ta. Mt khc nu cho 550 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo X th thu c a
A. 51,30. B. 59,85. C. 34,20. D. 68,4.


Cu 5: C cc dung dch: KNO
3
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
, FeCl
3
, AlCl
3
, NH
4
Cl. Ch dng ho cht no sau y c th nhn bit
c cc dung dch trn?
A. dung dch NaOH d. B. dung dch AgNO
3
.
C. dung dch Na
2
SO
4
. D. dung dch HCl.
Cu 6: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh
nhm II) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Hai kim loi l
Cu 7: Cho 23,4 gam kim loi X (c ho tr n duy nht) tc dng vi 5,04 lt kh O
2
(ktc) thu c cht rn A.
Cho A tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1,8 gam kh H
2
thot ra. Kim loi X l
A. Mg. B. Zn. C. Al. D. Ca.
Cu 8: Cho 10,5 gam hn hp gm bt Al v mt kim loi kim M vo nc. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch X
v 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch X lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Lc kt ta,
sy kh, cn c 7,8 gam. Kim loi M l
Cu 9: Cho 200 ml dung dch NaOH vo 400 ml dung dch Al(NO
3
)
3
0,2M thu c 4,68 gam kt ta. Nng
mol ca dung dch NaOH ban u l
A. 0,8M hoc 1,1M. B. 0,9M hoc 1,2M. C. 0,8M hoc 1,4M. D. 0,9M hoc 1,3M.
Cu 10: Trn u 0,54 gam bt Al vi bt Fe
2
O
3
v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn hp X.
Cho X tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
c hn hp kh NO v NO
2
c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 3. Th tch kh
NO v NO
2
(ktc) trong hn hp ln lt l
A. 0,224 lt v 0,672 lt. B. 2,24 lt v 6,72 lt.
C. 0,672 lt v 0,224 lt. D. 6,72 lt v 2,24 lt.
Cu 11: Cho dung dch NH
3
vo 20 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
n d, kt ta thu c em ho tan bng dung dch
NaOH d c dung dch A. Sc kh CO
2
d vo dung dch A, kt ta thu c em nung nng n khi lng
khng i c 2,04 gam cht rn. Nng mol ca dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
ban u l
A. 0,4M. B. 0,6M. C. 0,8M. D. 1M.
Cu 12: Nc t nhin c cha ion no di y th c gi l nc c tnh cng tm thi?
A. Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Cl
. B. Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
,
2
4
SO

.
C. Cl
,
2
4
SO

,
3
HCO
, Ca
2+
. D.
3
HCO
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
.
Cu 13: Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch gm H
2
SO
4

0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M, thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 6. D. 7.
Cu 14: Dung dch X cha 0,025 mol
2
3
CO

; 0,01 mol Na
+
; 0,25 mol
4
NH
+
v 0,3 mol Cl
. Cho 270 ml dung

dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M vo v un nng nh (gi s hi nc bay hi khng ng k). Tng khi lng dung dch X
v dung dch Ba(OH)
2
sau phn ng gim i l
Cu 15: Trong cc dung dch: HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, dy gm cc cht u tc dng
c vi dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
l
A. HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
. B. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
.
C. NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
. D. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 16: T 2 mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau:
X
o
t
X
1
+ CO
2
X
1
+ H
2
O X
2

X
2
+ Y X + Y
1
+ H
2
O X
2
+ 2Y X + Y
2
+ 2H
2
O
Hai mui X, Y tng ng l
A. CaCO
3
, NaHSO
4
. B. BaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
. C. CaCO
3
, NaHCO
3
. D. MgCO
3
, NaHCO
3
.
Cu 17: Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
,
3
HCO
, Cl
,
2
4
SO

. Cht c dng lm mm
mu nc cng trn l
A. Na
2
CO
3
. B. HCl. C. H
2
SO
4
. D. NaHCO
3
.


Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
vo H
2
O thu c 200 ml dung dch Y
ch cha cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M. Thi kh CO
2
(d) vo Y thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m
v a ln lt l
A. 8,3 v 7,2. B. 11,3 v 7,8. C. 13,3 v 3,9. D. 8,2 v 7,8.
Cu 19: Trong mt cc nc cng cha a mol
2
Ca
+
; b mol
2
Mg
+
v c mol
3
HCO
. Dng dung dch Ca(OH)

2
x
mol/l lm gim cng ca nc th thy khi thm V lt nc vi trong vo cc, cng trong cc l nh nht.
Biu thc tnh V theo a, b, x l
A. V =
a b
x
+
. B. V =
a 2b
x
+
. C. V =
2a b
x
+
. D. V =
a b
2x
+
.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm c Al v Fe
x
O
y
. Tin hnh nhit nhm hon ton m gam hn hp X trong iu kin
khng c khng kh thu c hn hp Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn.
Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 1,008 lt H
2
v cn 5,04 gam cht rn khng tan.
Phn 2: C khi lng 29,79 gam, cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long d thu c 8,064 lt NO
(ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht).
Gi tr ca m v cng thc oxit st l
A. 39,72 v FeO. B. 39,72 v Fe
3
O
4
. C. 38,91 v FeO. D. 36,48 v Fe
3
O
4
.

S 03

Cu 1: Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, NaHCO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
. S cht trong dy va phn ng c vi
dung dch HCl, va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 2: in phn dung dch NaOH vi cng dng in khng i l 10A trong thi gian 268 gi. Sau
in phn cn li 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%. Nng phn trm ca dung dch NaOH trc in phn
l
A. 1,2%. B. 2,4%. C. 4,8%. D. 9,6%.
Cu 3: Cho hn hp X gm Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
lc vi nc cho phn ng hon ton thu c 200 ml dung
dch Y ch cha mt cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M. Thnh phn trm khi lng cc cht trong hn hp
l
A. 41% v 59%. B. 38,7% v 61,3%. C. 37,8% v 62,2%. D. 40% v 60%.
Cu 4: Dung dch X cha a mol Na
+
, b mol
3
HCO
, c mol
2
3
CO

v d mol
2
4
SO

. to kt ta ln nht
ngi ta phi dng 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
x mol/l. Biu thc tnh x theo a v b l
A. x =
a b
0, 2
+
. B. x =
a b
2
+
. C. x =
a b
0,1
+
. D. x =
a b
0, 3
+
.
Cu 5: C 500 ml dung dch X cha Na
+
,
4
NH
+
,
2
3
CO

,
2
4
SO

. Ly 100 ml dung dch X cho tc dng vi
dung dch HCl d c 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc). Mt khc, cho 100 ml dung dch X cho tc dng vi lng d
dung dch BaCl
2
th thu c 43 gam kt ta. Ly 100 ml dung dch X cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d
th c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Tng khi lng mui c trong 500 ml dung dch X l
A. 43,1 gam. B. 86,2 gam. C. 119 gam. D. 50,8 gam.
Cu 6: Cho 112 ml kh CO
2
(ktc) hp th hon ton bi 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
thu c 0,1 gam kt ta.
Nng mol ca dung dch Ca(OH)
2
l
A. 0,5M. B. 0,05M. C. 0,015M. D. 0,02M.
Cu 7: Thm m gam kali vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch X.
Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c lng kt ta
Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l
A. 1,59. B. 1,17. C. 1,71. D. 1,95.


Cu 8: Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H
2
;
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch HNO
3
long, sinh ra y mol kh N
2
O (sn phm kh duy nht).
Quan h gia x v y l
A. x = 2y. B. y = 2x. C. x = 4y. D. x = y.
Cu 9: Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht vi dung
dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l
Cu 10: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe
3
O
4
trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c dung
dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Sc kh CO
2
(d) vo dung dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 45,6. B. 48,3. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.
Cu 11: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng?
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO
3
)
3
.
B. Cho dung dch NH
3
n d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
C. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
D. Thi CO
2
n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
Cu 12: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c nhit nng
chy gim dn.
B. Kim loi xesi c dng ch to t bo quang in.
C. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din.
D. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u tc dng vi nc nhit thng.
Cu 13: C 5 l ng 5 dung dch mt nhn: AlCl
3
, NaNO
3
, K
2
CO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
. Thuc th dng
nhn bit 5 dung dch trn l
A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch Ba(OH)
2
. C. qu tm. D. dung dch AgNO
3
.
Cu 14: Cho 10,5 gam hn hp 2 kim loi gm Al v mt kim loi kim M vo trong nc. Sau phn ng thu c
dung dch X v 5,6 lt kh ( ktc). Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch X thu c mt lng kt ta ln nht.
Lc v cn kt ta c 7,8 gam. Kim loi kim l
Cu 15: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
0,75M tc dng vi 800 ml dung dch NaOH 1M c dung dch Y. Cn phi
cho vo dung dch Y bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M lng kt ta thu c l cc i?
A. 0,5 lt. B. 0,4 lt. C. 0,35 lt. D. 0,2 lt.
Cu 16: Ha tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
(d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm Al
2
O
3
v Fe
2
O
3
. B. hn hp gm BaSO
4
v FeO.
C. hn hp gm BaSO
4
v Fe
2
O
3
. D. Fe
2
O
3
.
Cu 17: Dung dch X gm AlCl
3
a mol/l v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
b mol/l. Cho 400 ml dung dch X tc dng vi 612
ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 8,424 gam kt ta. Mt khc nu cho 400 ml dung dch X tc dng vi
dung dch BaCl
2
d thu c 83,88 gam kt ta. T s a/b l
A. 2. B. 0,75. C. 1,75. D. 2,75.
Cu 18: C 2 ng nghim, mt ng ng NaCl, mt ng ng Na
2
SO
3
. Ch dng mt ho cht trong s cc cht sau:
dung dch HCl, dung dch H
2
SO
4
, dung dch BaCl
2
, dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
th s thuc th c th phn bit 2 cht
trn l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 19: Cho t t 150 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 500 ml dung dch X gm Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
th thu c
1,008 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c 29,55 gam kt
ta. Nng mol ca Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3


Cu 20: Cho mt hn hp X c khi lng m gam gm Ba v Al. Cho m gam X tc dng vi nc d, thu
c 8,96 lt H
2
. Cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c 22,4 lt kh H
2
. Cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o ktc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 29,9. B. 27,2. C. 16,8. D. 24,6.

S 04

Cu 1: Trong mt cc nc cha a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
v c mol
3
HCO
. Khi thm V lt dung dch

Ca(OH)
2
(nng x mol/l) lm gim cng ca nc th ngi ta thy cng trong nc l nh nht.
Biu thc lin h gia V, a, b, x l
A. xV = b + 2a. B. 2xV = b + a. C. xV = b + a. D. xV = 2b + a.
Cu 2: Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra 8,96 lt kh CO
2
(
ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO
3
.MgCO
3
trong loi qung nu trn l
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D. 92%.
Cu 3: in phn nng chy Al
2
O
3
vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg Al catot
v 67,2 m
3
( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X sc
vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 108,0. B. 75,6. C. 54,0. D. 67,5.
Cu 4: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn.
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)
2
vo dung dch NaNO
3
.
(V) Sc kh NH
3
vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
(VI) Cho dung dch Na
2
SO
4
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. II, III v VI. B. I, II v III. C. I, IV v V. D. II, V v VI.
Cu 5: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng
hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l
A. 0,05. B. 0,45. C. 0,25. D. 0,35.
Cu 6: Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H
2
( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,4. B. 7,8. C. 10,8. D. 43,2.
Cu 7: Hn hp X gm Na, Ba v Al.
- Nu cho m gam hn hp X vo nc d ch thu c dung dch Y v 12,32 lt H
2
(ktc).
- Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch Z v H
2
. C cn dung
dch Z thu c 66,1 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 36,56. B. 27,05. C. 24,68. D. 31,36.
Cu 8: Dung dch X c cha a mol Na
2
CO
3
v b mol NaHCO
3
. Nh t t 0,15 mol dung dch HCl vo dung dch
X th sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y v thot ra 0,045 mol kh. Nh tip dung dch nc vi trong d vo
dung dch Y th thu c 15 gam kt ta. Gi tr a v b ln lt l
A. 0,105 v 0,09. B. 0,105 v 0,08. C. 0,09 v 0,105. D. 0,08 v 0,105.
Cu 9: Thm V lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,1M vo 100 ml KAl(SO
4
)
2
0,1M thu c 2,1375 gam kt ta. Gi
tr ca V l
A. 0,05. B. 0,075. C. 0,08. D. 0,01.



Cu 10: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim dn.
B. nhit thng, tt c cc kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc.
C. Na
2
CO
3
l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thu tinh.
D. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al
2
O
3
bn vng bo v.
Cu 11: Trn 21,6 gam bt Al vi m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
c hn hp Y. Nung Y
nhit cao trong iu kin khng c khng kh n phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp cht rn
Z. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt kh. Nu Z tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long
d th thu c 19,04 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc th tch kh o ktc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 50,8. B. 58,6. C. 72,0. D. 62,0.
2
(SO
4
)
3
2
. Trn 200 ml X vi 300 ml Y c 8,55 gam
kt ta. Trn 200 ml X vi 500 ml Y c 12,045 gam kt ta. Nng mol ca dung dch X v Y ln lt
l
Cu 13: Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,2M vo 500 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
v KHCO
3
. Vi th tch dung dch
HCl vo l 0,5 lt th c nhng bt kh u tin xut hin v vi th tch 1,2 lt ca dung dch HCl th ht bt
kh thot ra. Nng mol ca Na
2
CO
3
v KHCO
3
trong dung dch ban u ln lt l
Cu 14: Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
n d vo 100 ml dung dch X gm cc ion:
4
NH
+
,
2
4
SO

,
3
NO
, ri tin
hnh un nng th thu c 23,3 gam kt ta v 6,72 lt ( ktc) mt cht kh duy nht. Nng mol/l ca
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
v NH
4
NO
3
A. 1M v 1M. B. 2M v 2M. C. 1M v 2M. D. 2M v 1M.
Cu 15: in phn Al
2
O
3
nng chy vi cng dng in 9,65A trong thi gian 3000s thu c 2,16
gam Al. Hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn l
A. 60%. B. 70%. C. 80%. D. 90%.
Cu 16: Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A. Na, K, Ca. B. Na, K, Ba. C. Li, Na, Mg. D. Mg, Ca, Ba.
Cu 17: Dung dch X cha hn hp KOH v Ba(OH)
2
c nng tng ng l 0,2M v 0,1M. Dung dch Y
cha hn hp H
2
SO
4
v HCl c nng ln lt l 0,25M v 0,75M. Th tch dung dch X cn dng
trung ho va 40 ml dung dch Y l
A. 0,063 lt. B. 0,125 lt. C. 0,15 lt. D. 0,25 lt.
Cu 18: Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, NaHCO
3
, Al
2
O
3
, Zn, AlCl
3
, Na
2
SO
4
. S cht trong dy
va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl, va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 3. D. 5.
Cu 19: Phn chua c dng trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu trong
ngnh nhum vi, cht lm trong nc. Cng thc ho hc ca phn chua l
A. Na
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O. B. K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
C. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O. D. Li
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
Cu 20: Ho tan ht m gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 360 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo X
thu c 2a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo X cng thu c a gam kt
ta. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 18,81. B. 15,39. C. 20,52. D. 19,665.



S 05

Cu 1: Hn hp X gm M
2
CO
3
, MHCO
3
, v MCl (M l kim loi kim). Cho 32,65 gam X tc dng va
vi dung dch HCl thu c dung dch Y v c 17,6 gam CO
2
thot ra. Dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO
3
d c 100,45 gam kt ta. Kim loi M l
A. Na. B. Li. C. K. D. Rb.
Cu 2: Cho 240 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp AlCl
3
a mol/l v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
2a
mol/l thu c 51,3 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,12. B. 0,15. C. 0,16. D. 0,2.
Cu 3: X l hn hp ca hai kim loi gm kim loi kim M v kim loi kim th R. Ly 28,8 gam X ha tan
vo nc thu c 6,72 lt kh H
2
(ktc). em 2,8 gam Li luyn thm vo 28,8 gam X th phn trm khi
lng Li trong hp kim va luyn c l 13,29%. Kim loi kim th R trong X l
A. Mg. B. Ca. C. Ba. D. Sr.
Cu 4: Cho 12,4 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim th v oxit ca n tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th
thu c 27,75 gam mui khan. Kim loi kim th l
A. Ba. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Sr.
Cu 5: Cho m gam KOH vo 2 lt dung dch KHCO
3
a mol/l c 2 lt X. Ly 1 lt X tc dng vi BaCl
2
d
thu c kt ta 15,76 gam kt ta. Mt khc cho 1 lt X tc dng CaCl
2
d ri un nng, sau phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c 10 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l
A. 5,6 v 0,04. B. 8,96 v 0,12. C. 4,48 v 0,16. D. 5,04 v 0,07.
Cu 6: Cho t t tng git ca dung dch cha b mol HCl vo dung dch cha a mol Na
2
CO
3
thu c V lt
CO
2
. Ngc li, cho t t tng git ca dung dch cha a mol Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch cha b mol HCl thu
c 2V lt CO
2
. Biu thc lin h ng gia a v b l
A. a = 0,8b. B. a = 0,35b. C. a = 0,75b. D. a = 0,5b.
Cu 7: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl
2
, Ca(NO
3
)
2
, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
, KHSO
4
,
Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l
A. 4. B. 7. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 8: Cho cc d kin thc nghim sau:
(1) Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch Ca(HCO
3
)
2
;
(2) Cho dung dch NaAlO
2
d vo dung dch HCl;
(3) Cho Ba vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long;
(4) Cho H
2
S vo dung dch CuSO
4
;
(5) Cho H
2
S vo dung dch FeSO
4
;
(6) Cho NaHCO
3
vo dung dch BaCl
2
;
(7) Sc kh NH
3
d vo Zn(OH)
2
;
(8) Cho H
2
S vo FeCl
3
;
(9) Cho H
2
S vo FeCl
3
;
(10) Cho SO
2
vo dung dch H
2
S.
S trng hp xut hin kt ta l
A. 6. B. 9. C. 7. D. 8.
Cu 9: Cho 11,15 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi Al v kim loi kim M vo trong nc. Sau phn ng thu
ch c dung dch X v V lt kh (ktc). Cho t t n 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch X. Trong
qu trnh thu c lng kt ta ln nht l 15,6 gam, sau kt ta tan mt phn. Kim loi kim M l
Cu 10: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na v Al vo nc d. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c 8,96 lt kh H
2
( ktc) v mt phn cht rn khng tan. Cho ton b lng cht rn ny tc dng vi
dung dch HNO
3
long d, sau phn ng thu c 0,448 lt kh N
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch
Y thu c 46,6 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,0. B. 15,4. C. 11,8. D. 15,9.


Cu 11: Trn 0,25 mol bt Al vi 0,15 mol bt Fe
2
O
3
ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin
khng c khng kh thu c hn hp cht rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c dung
dch Y, m gam cht rn Z v 0,15 mol H
2
. Hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm v gi tr ca m ln lt l
A. 60% v 20,40. B. 60% v 30,75. C. 50% v 30,75. D. 50% v 40,80%.
Cu 12: Cho dung dch cha 0,23 gam Na
+
, 0,48 gam Mg
2+
, 0,96 gam
2
4
SO

v x gam
3
NO
. Mnh no
di y khng ng?
A. Gi tr ca x l 1,86 gam.
B. Khi dung dch tc dng vi BaCl
2
d th thu c 2,33 gam kt ta.
C. C cn dung dch s thu c 3,53 gam cht rn khan.
D. Dung dch c iu ch t hai mui Na
2
SO
4
v Mg(NO
3
)
2
.
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
th thu
c 1,008 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c 29,55 gam
kt ta. Nng mol ca Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
Cu 14: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
ln lt tc dng vi cc dung dch sau: NaOH, NaHSO
4
, HCl, KHCO
3
,
K
2
CO
3
, H
2
SO
4
. S trng hp xy ra phn ng v s trng hp c kt ta l
A. 5 v 4. B. 4 v 4. C. 5 v 2. D. 6 v 5.
2
(SO
4
)
3
2
. Trn 200 ml X vi 300 ml Y thu c 8,55 gam kt
ta. Trn 200 ml X vi 500 ml Y c 12,045 gam kt ta. Nng mol/l ca dung dch X v Y ln lt l
A. 0,1M v 0,05M. B. 0,1M v 0,2M.
C. 0,05M v 0,075M. D. 0,075M v 0,1M.
Cu 16: Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:
A. HCl, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
. B. NaOH, Na
3
PO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. KCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
. D. HCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
.
Cu 17: Trn 10,8 gam bt Al vi 34,8 gam bt Fe
3
O
4
ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin
khng c khng kh. Ho tan hon ton hn hp rn sau phn ng bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d), thu
c 10,752 lt kh H
2
A. 80%. B. 90%. C. 70%. D. 60%.
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
th thu
c 1,008 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c
29,55 gam kt ta. Nng mol ca Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
Cu 19: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
CaO
X +
CaCl
2

Y +
Ca(NO
3
)
2

Z +
CaCO
3

Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. HCl, HNO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
. B. Cl
2
, HNO
3
, CO
2
.
C. HCl, AgNO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
. D. Cl
2
, AgNO
3
, MgCO
3
.
Cu 20: Nh t t 3V
1
ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
(dung dch X) vo V
1
ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
(dung dch Y)
th phn ng va v ta thu c kt ta ln nht l m gam. Nu trn V
2
ml dung dch X trn vo V
1
ml
dung dch Y th khi lng kt ta thu c c khi lng bng 0,9m gam. T l V
2
/V
1
l



Cu 1 (H khi A - 2007): Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl
3
. Hin tng xy ra l
A. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. B. ch c kt ta keo trng.
C. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln. D. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
Cu 2 (H khi A - 2007): Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na
2
CO
3
ng thi
khuy u, thu c V lt kh (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy xut
hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a v b l
A. V = 11,2(a - b). B. V = 22,4(a + b). C. V = 22,4(a - b). D. V = 11,2(a + b).
Cu 3 (H khi A - 2007): Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl
3
vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt
ta ln nht th cn phi c t l
A. a : b = 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4. C. a : b = 1 : 5. D. a : b > 1 : 4.
Cu 4 (H khi A - 2007): Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
a mol/l th
thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,032. B. 0,048. C. 0,06. D. 0,04.
Cu 5 (H khi A - 2007): Cho m gam hn hp gm Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M
v axit H
2
SO
4
0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H
2
( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y
c pH l
A. 1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2.
Cu 6: (H khi B - 2007): Trong cc dung dch: HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, dy gm
cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
l
A. HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
. B. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
.
C. NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
. D. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 7 (H khi B - 2007): Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M,
lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2,0.
Cu 8 (H khi B - 2007): Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100
o
C. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l
A. 0,24M. B. 0,48M. C. 0,4M. D. 0,2M.
Cu 9 (H khi B - 2007): Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA
(phn nhm chnh nhm II) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Hai kim
loi l
Cu 10 (H khi B - 2007): Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V
lt kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn trm khi
lng Na trong X l (bit cc th tch o trong cng iu kin)
A. 39,87%. B. 77,31%. C. 49,87%. D. 29,87%.
Cu 11 (H khi B - 2007): Hn hp X cha Na
2
O, NH
4
Cl, NaHCO
3
v BaCl
2
c s mol mi cht u
bng nhau. Cho hn hp X vo nc (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha
A. NaCl, NaOH, BaCl
2
. B. NaCl, NaOH.
C. NaCl, NaHCO
3
, NH
4
Cl, BaCl
2
. D. NaCl.
Cu 12 (H khi B - 2007): thu c Al
2
O
3
t hn hp Al
2
O
3
v Fe
2
O
3
, ngi ta ln lt:
A. dng kh H
2
nhit cao, dung dch NaOH (d).
B. dng kh CO nhit cao, dung dch HCl (d).
KIM LOI KIM KIM LOI KIM NHM
TRONG THI H, C T NM 2007 N NAY



C. dng dung dch NaOH (d), dung dch HCl (d), ri nung nng.
D. dng dung dch NaOH (d), kh CO
2
(d), ri nung nng.
Cu 13 (C -2007): Khi cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M vo 100 ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch c
cha 6,525 gam cht tan. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca HCl trong dung dch dng l
A. 0,75M. B. 1M. C. 0,25. D. 0,5M.
Cu 14 (C - 2007): Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng
nhit nhm?
A. Al tc dng vi Fe
3
O
4
nung nng. B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.
C. Al tc dng vi Fe
2
O
3
nung nng. D. Al tc dng vi axit H
2
SO
4
c, nng.
Cu 15 (C - 2007): Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn dung dch NaNO
3
, khng c mng ngn in cc.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc.
D. in phn nng chy NaCl.
Cu 16 (C - 2007): Cho mt mu kim loi Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt
H
2
( ktc). Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 60 ml. D. 30 ml.
Cu 17 (C - 2007): Thm m gam kali vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c
dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c
lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l
A. 1,59. B. 1,17. C. 1,71. D. 1,95.
Cu 18 (C - 2007): C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht kh
A. NH
3
, SO
2
, CO, Cl
2
. B. N
2
, NO
2
, CO
2
, CH
4
, H
2
.
C. NH
3
, O
2
, N
2
, CH
4
, H
2
. D. N
2
, Cl
2
, O
2
, CO
2
, H
2
.
Cu 19 (C - 2007): Cho s phn ng: NaCl (X) NaHCO
3
(Y) NaNO
3
. X v Y c th l
A. NaOH v NaClO. B. Na
2
CO
3
v NaClO.
C. NaClO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
. D. NaOH v Na
2
CO
3
.

Cu 20 (H khi A - 2008): T 2 mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau:
X
o
t
X
1
+ CO
2
X
1
+ H
2
O X
2

X
2
+ Y X + Y
1
+ H
2
O X
2
+ 2Y X + Y
2
+ 2H
2
O
Hai mui X, Y tng ng l
A. CaCO
3
, NaHSO
4
. B. BaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
. C. CaCO
3
, NaHCO
3
. D. MgCO
3
, NaHCO
3
.
Cu 21 (H khi A - 2008): Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1
mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng
kt ta trn l
A. 0,45. B. 0,35. C. 0,25. D. 0,05.
Cu 22 (H khi A - 2008): Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al
4
C
3
vo dung dch KOH (d),
thu c a mol hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO
2
(d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu c l
46,8 gam. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,55. B. 0,60. C. 0,40. D. 0,45.
2
( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70. B. 17,73. C. 9,85. D. 11,82.
Cu 24 (H khi A - 2008): Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H
2
( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 10,8. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 43,2.


Cu 25 (H khi A - 2008): Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe
2
O
3
(trong mi trng khng c khng kh)
n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H
2
( ktc);
- Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H
2
( ktc).
Gi tr ca m l
A. 22,75 B. 21,40. C. 29,40. D. 29,43.
Cu 26: (H khi B - 2008): Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
,
3
HCO
, Cl
,
2
4
SO

. Cht c
dng lm mm mu nc cng trn l
A. Na
2
CO
3
. B. HCl. C. H
2
SO
4
. D. NaHCO
3
.
Cu 27 (H khi B - 2008): Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
(d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay
hi dung dch X l
Cu 28 (H khi B - 2008): Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l
Cu 29 (H khi B - 2008): Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra
8,96 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO
3
.MgCO
3
trong loi qung nu trn
l
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D. 92%.
Cu 30 (C - 2008): Hai cht c dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu l
A. Na
2
CO
3
v HCl. B. Na
2
CO
3
v Na
3
PO
4
.
C. Na
2
CO
3
v Ca(OH)
2
. D. NaCl v Ca(OH)
2
.
Cu 31 (C - 2008): Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H
2
;
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch HNO
3
long, sinh ra y mol kh N
2
O (sn phm kh duy nht).
Quan h gia x v y l
A. x = 2y. B. y = 2x. C. x = 4y. D. x = y.
Cu 32 (C - 2008): X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn hp
gm kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Mt khc, khi
cho 1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra cha n 1,12 lt
( ktc). Kim loi X l
A. Ba. B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg.
Cu 33 (C - 2008): Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
(d), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X (sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc). Kh X l
A. N
2
O. B. NO
2
. C. N
2
. D. NO.
Cu 34 (C - 2008): Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v
H
2
SO
4
0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H
2
( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui
khan l
Cu 35 (C - 2008): t nng mt hn hp gm Al v 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c khng kh)
n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng va vi V ml dung dch
NaOH 1M sinh ra 3,36 lt H
2
A. 150. B. 100. C. 200. D. 300.

Cu 36 (H khi A - 2009): Cho 0,448 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp
NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)
2
0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,182. B. 3,940. C. 1,970. D. 2,364.


Cu 37 (H khi A - 2009): Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh t t tng
git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V
l
A. 4,48. B. 3,36. C. 2,24. D. 1,12.
Cu 38 (H khi A - 2009): Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
long (d), thu c
dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N
2
O v N
2
. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi
kh H
2
l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,34. B. 34,08. C. 106,38. D. 97,98.
Cu 39 (H khi A - 2009): Ho tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d),
thu c 5,6 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Th tch kh O
2
( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam hn hp X
l
A. 2,80 lt. B. 1,68 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,92 lt.
Cu 40 (H khi B - 2009): in phn nng chy Al
2
O
3
vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu
c m kg Al catot v 67,2 m
3
( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc)
hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 108,0. B. 75,6. C. 54,0. D. 67,5.
Cu 41 (H khi B - 2009): Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s
mol mui tng ng. t mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c mu vng. Hai
mui X, Y ln lt l:
A. KMnO
4
, NaNO
3
. B. Cu(NO
3
)
2
, NaNO
3
. C. CaCO
3
, NaNO
3
. D. NaNO
3
, KNO
3
.
Cu 42 (H khi B - 2009): Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe
3
O
4
trong iu kin khng c khng
kh. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d)
thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Sc kh CO
2
(d) vo dung dch Y, thu c 39
A. 45,6. B. 48,3. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.
Cu 43 (H khi B - 2009): Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc,
thu c 500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na. B. Ca. C. Ba. D. K.
Cu 44 (H khi B - 2009): Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai
nguyn t c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t Z
X
< Z
Y
) vo dung
dch AgNO
3
(d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l
A. 58,2%. B. 41,8%. C. 52,8%. D. 47,2%.
Cu 45 (H khi B - 2009): Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn.
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)
2
vo dung dch NaNO
3
.
(V) Sc kh NH
3
vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
(VI) Cho dung dch Na
2
SO
4
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. II, III v VI. B. I, II v III. C. I, IV v V. D. II, V v VI.
Cu 46 (H khi B - 2009): Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng?
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO
3
)
3
.
B. Cho dung dch NH
3
n d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
C. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
D. Thi CO
2
n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
Cu 47 (C - 2009): Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
vo H
2
O thu c 200 ml
dung dch Y ch cha cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M. Thi kh CO
2
(d) vo Y thu c a gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l
A. 8,3 v 7,2. B. 11,3 v 7,8. C. 13,3 v 3,9. D. 8,2 v 7,8.


Cu 48 (C - 2009): Cho dung dch cha 0,1 mol (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
tc dng vi dung dch cha 34,2 gam
Ba(OH)
2
. Sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,7. B. 39,4. C. 17,1. D. 15,5.
Cu 49 (C - 2009): Ho tan hon ton 8,862 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO
3
long, thu
c dung dch X v 3,136 lt ( ktc) hn hp Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha nu
trong khng kh. Khi lng ca Y l 5,18 gam. Cho dung dch NaOH (d) vo X v un nng, khng c
kh mi khai thot ra. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban u l
A. 19,53%. B. 12,80%. C. 10,52%. D. 15,25%.
Cu 50 (C - 2009): Ho tan hon ton 47,4 gam phn chua KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O vo nc, thu c dung
dch X. Cho ton b X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M, sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8. B. 46,6. C. 54,4. D. 62,2.
Cu 51 (C - 2009): Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau
y?
A. Mg, Al
2
O
3
, Al. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Zn, Al
2
O
3
, Al. D. Fe, Al
2
O
3
, Mg.

Cu 52 (H khi A - 2010): Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc
dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. kali v bari. B. liti v beri. C. natri v magie. D. kali v canxi.
Cu 53 (H khi A - 2010): Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c nhit nng
chy gim dn.
B. Kim loi xesi c dng ch to t bo quang in.
C. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din.
D. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u tc dng vi nc nhit thng.
Cu 54 (H khi A - 2010): Ho tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c
dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung
ho dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
Cu 55 (H khi A - 2010): Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO
3
nng a mol/l, thu c 2 lt
dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
(d) thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt
khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl
2
(d) ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c
7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a, m tng ng l
A. 0,08 v 4,8. B. 0,04 v 4,8. C. 0,14 v 2,4. D. 0,07 v 3,2.
Cu 56 (H khi A - 2010): Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na
+
; 0,003 mol Ca
2+
; 0,006 mol Cl
; 0,006
mol
3
HCO
v 0,001 mol
3
NO
. loi b ht Ca
2+
trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a gam
Ca(OH)
2
. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,180. B. 0,120. C. 0,444. D. 0,222.
Cu 57 (H khi A - 2010): Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch
cha Na
2
CO
3
0,2M v NaHCO
3
0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO
2
l
A. 0,020. B. 0,030. C. 0,015. D. 0,010.
Cu 58 (H khi B - 2010): Trn 10,8 gam bt Al vi 34,8 gam bt Fe
3
O
4
ri tin hnh phn ng nhit
nhm trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Ho tan hon ton hn hp rn sau phn ng bng dung dch
H
2
SO
4
long (d), thu c 10,752 lt kh H
2
A. 80%. B. 90%. C. 70%. D. 60%.
Cu 59 (H khi B - 2010): Cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch AlCl
3
nng
x mol/l, thu c dung dch Y v 4,68 gam kt ta. Loi b kt ta, thm tip 175 ml dung dch KOH
1,2M vo Y, thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,2. B. 0,8. C. 0,9. D. 1,0.


Cu 60 (H khi B - 2010): Ha tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml
dung dch HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi
trong X l
A. Mg v Ca. B. Be v Mg. C. Mg v Sr. D. Be v Ca.
Cu 61 (H khi B - 2010): Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Na
+
,
3
HCO
v Cl
, trong s mol ca ion

Cl
l 0,1. Cho 1/2 dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho 1/2 dung
dch X cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n cn
dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,21. B. 9,26. C. 8,79. D. 7,47.
Cu 62 (C - 2010): Cho 1,56 gam hn hp gm Al v Al
2
O
3
phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c V
lt kh H
2
3
n d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta, lc ht lng
kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 2,04 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,448. B. 0,224. C. 1,344. D. 0,672.
Cu 63 (C - 2010): Cho hn hp gm 6,72 gam Mg v 0,8 gam MgO tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch
HNO
3
. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,896 lt mt kh X (ktc) v dung dch Y. Lm bay
hi dung dch Y thu c 46 gam mui khan. Kh X l
A. N
2
O. B. NO
2
. C. N
2
. D. NO.
Cu 64 (C - 2010): Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt kh CO
2
2
1M, thu
c dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X l
A. 0,6M. B. 0,2M. C. 0,1M. D. 0,4M.
Cu 65 (C - 2010): Ho tan hn hp gm: K
2
O, BaO, Al
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
vo nc (d), thu c dung dch X
v cht rn Y. Sc kh CO
2
n d vo dung dch X, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c kt ta
l
A. Fe(OH)
3
. B. K
2
CO
3
. C. Al(OH)
3
. D. BaCO
3
.
Cu 66 (C - 2010): Cho 9,125 gam mui hirocacbonat phn ng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
(d), thu c
dung dch cha 7,5 gam mui sunfat trung ho. Cng thc ca mui hirocacbonat l
A. NaHCO
3
. B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. C. Ba(HCO
3
)
2
. D. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
.
Cu 67 (C - 2010): Dy gm cc kim loi c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A. Be, Mg, Ca. B. Li, Na, K. C. Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, Ca.
Cu 68 (C - 2010): Nh t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton ch thu c dung dch trong sut. Cht tan trong dung dch X l
A. AlCl
3
. B. CuSO
4
. C. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. D. Fe(NO
3
)
3
.
Cu 69 (C - 2010): Cho s chuyn ho sau:
CaO
X +
CaCl
2

Y +
Ca(NO
3
)
2

Z +
CaCO
3

Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. HCl, HNO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
. B. Cl
2
, HNO
3
, CO
2
.
C. HCl, AgNO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
. D. Cl
2
, AgNO
3
, MgCO
3
.

2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH
0,025M v Ca(OH)
2
0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,00. B. 1,00. C. 1,25. D. 0,75.
Cu 71 (H khi A - 2011): Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:
A. HCl, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
. B. NaOH, Na
3
PO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. KCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
. D. HCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
.
Cu 72 (H khi A - 2011): Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?
A. Thch cao nung (CaSO
4
.H
2
O). B. vi (CaCO
3
).
C. Vi sng (CaO). D. Thch cao sng (CaSO
4
.2H
2
O).
Cu 73 (H khi A - 2011): Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Cho phn 1 vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 0,784 lt kh H
2
(ktc).


- Cho phn 2 vo mt lng d H
2
O, thu c 0,448 lt kh H
2
(ktc) v m gam hn hp kim loi Y. Ho
tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
Khi lng (tnh theo gam) ca K, Al, Fe trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l:
A. 0,39; 0,54; 1,40. B. 0,78; 1,08; 0,56. C. 0,39; 0,54; 0,56. D. 0,78; 0,54; 1,12.
Cu 74 (H khi A - 2011): Phn chua c dng trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht
cm mu trong ngnh nhum vi, cht lm trong nc. Cng thc ho hc ca phn chua l
A. Na
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O. B. K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
C. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O. D. Li
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
Cu 75 (H khi B - 2011): Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A. Na, K, Ca. B. Na, K, Ba. C. Li, Na, Mg. D. Mg, Ca, Ba.
Cu 76 (H khi B - 2011): Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm m gam Al v 4,56 gam Cr
2
O
3
(trong
iu kin khng c O
2
), sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp X. Cho ton b X vo mt lng d dung
dch HCl (long, nng), sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,016 lt H
2
(ktc). Cn nu cho ton b X
vo mt lng d dung dch NaOH (c, nng), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc th s mol NaOH phn ng l
Cu 77 (H khi B - 2011): Cho 400 ml dung dch E gm AlCl
3
x mol/lt v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
y mol/lt tc dng vi
612 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 8,424 gam kt ta. Mt khc, khi cho
400 ml E tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
(d) th thu c 33,552 gam kt ta. T l x : y l
A. 3 : 4. B. 3 : 2. C. 4 : 3. D. 7 : 4.
Cu 78 (H khi B - 2011): Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm K
2
CO
3
0,2M
v KOH x mol/lt, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi
dung dch BaCl
2
(d), thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,6. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 1,4.
Cu 79 (H khi B - 2011): Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim dn.
B. nhit thng, tt c cc kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc.
C. Na
2
CO
3
l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thu tinh.
D. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al
2
O
3
bn vng bo v.
Cu 80 (C - 2011): ho tan hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm kim loi R (ch c ha tr II) v oxit ca n
cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi R l
A. Ba. B. Be. C. Mg. D. Ca.
Cu 81 (C - 2011): Nung hn hp gm 10,8 gam Al v 16,0 gam Fe
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c khng
kh), sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn Y. Khi lng kim loi trong Y l
Cu 82 (C - 2011): Mt cc nc c cha cc ion: Na
+
(0,02 mol), Mg
2+
(0,02 mol), Ca
2+
(0,04 mol), Cl

(0,02 mol),
3
HCO
(0,10 mol) v
2
4
SO

(0,01 mol). un si cc nc trn cho n khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton th nc cn li trong cc
A. l nc mm. B. c tnh cng vnh cu.
C. c tnh cng ton phn. D. c tnh cng tm thi.
Cu 83 (C - 2011): Ho tan hon ton 6,645 gam hn hp mui clorua ca hai kim loi kim thuc hai chu
k k tip nhau vo nc c dung dch X. Cho ton b dung dch X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
AgNO
3
(d), thu c 18,655 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi kim trn l
A. Rb v Cs. B. Na v K. C. Li v Na. D. K v Rb.
Cu 84 (C - 2011): t chy hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong kh oxi (d) thu c 30,2 gam
hn hp oxit. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l
A. 4,48 lt. B. 8,96 lt. C. 17,92 lt. D. 11,20 lt.
Cu 85 (C - 2011): Dy gm cc kim loi u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A. Na, K, Ca, Ba. B. Na, K, Ca, Be. C. Li, Na, K, Mg. D. Li, Na, K, Rb.
Cu 86 (C - 2011): Dy gm cc oxit u b Al kh nhit cao l:
A. FeO, MgO, CuO. B. PbO, K
2
O, SnO. C. Fe
3
O
4
, SnO, BaO. D. FeO, CuO, Cr
2
O
3
.


Cu 87 (C - 2011): Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na v K vo dung dch HCl d thu c
dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c (m + 31,95) gam hn hp cht rn khan. Ho tan hon ton 2m
gam hn hp X vo nc thu c dung dch Z. Cho t t n ht dung dch Z vo 0,5 lt dung dch CrCl
3

1M n phn ng hon ton thu c kt ta c khi lng l

Cu 88 (H khi A - 2012): Hn hp X gm Fe
3
O
4
v Al c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3. Thc hin phn ng
nhit nhm X (khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp gm
A. Al, Fe, Fe
3
O
4
v Al
2
O
3
. B. Al
2
O
3
, Fe v Fe
3
O
4
.
C. Al
2
O
3
v Fe. D. Al, Fe v Al
2
O
3
.
Cu 89 (H khi A - 2012): Cho 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,1M vo V ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M; sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc thu c 12,045 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 300. B. 75. C. 200. D. 150.
Cu 90 (H khi A - 2012): Hn hp X c khi lng 82,3 gam gm KClO
3
, Ca(ClO
3
)
2
, CaCl
2
v KCl. Nhit
phn hon ton X thu c 13,44 lt O
2
(ktc), cht rn Y gm CaCl
2
v KCl. Ton b Y tc dng va vi 0,3 lt
dung dch K
2
CO
3
1M thu c dung dch Z. Lng KCl trong Z nhiu gp 5 ln lng KCl trong X. Phn trm
khi lng KCl trong X l
A. 12,67%. B. 18,10%. C. 25,62%. D. 29,77%.
Cu 91 (H khi A - 2012): Ha tan hon ton 2,43 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn vo mt lng va dung dch
H
2
SO
4
long, sau phn ng thu c 1,12 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l
Cu 92 (H khi A - 2012): Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
vo nc thu c dung dch
X trong sut. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo X, khi ht 100 ml th bt u xut hin kt ta; khi ht 300 ml
hoc 700 ml th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l
A. 15,6 v 27,7. B. 23,4 v 35,9. C. 23,4 v 56,3. D. 15,6 v 55,4.
Cu 93 (H khi A - 2012): Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, NaHCO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
. S cht trong dy va
phn ng c vi dung dch HCl, va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 94 (H khi A - 2012): Cho hn hp K
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
(t l mol 1 : 1) vo bnh dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
thu
c kt ta X v dung dch Y. Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo bnh n khi khng cn kh thot ra th ht
560 ml. Bit ton b Y phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng kt ta X l
Cu 95 (H khi B - 2012): Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Nguyn t kim loi thng c 1, 2 hoc 3 electron lp ngoi cng.
B. Cc nhm A bao gm cc nguyn t s v nguyn t p.
C. Trong mt chu k, bn knh nguyn t kim loi nh hn bn knh nguyn t phi kim.
D. Cc kim loi thng c nh kim do cc electron t do phn x nh sng nhn thy c.
Cu 96 (H khi B - 2012): Mt dung dch gm: 0,01 mol Na
+
; 0,02 mol Ca
2+
; 0,02 mol
3
HCO
v a mol ion X
(b qua s in li ca nc). Ion X v gi tr ca a l
A.
3
NO
v 0,03. B. Cl
v 0,01. C.
2
3
CO

v 0,03. D. OH
v 0,03.
Cu 97 (H khi B - 2012): Sc 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch hn hp Ba(OH)
2
0,12M v NaOH
0,06M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70. B. 23,64. C. 7,88. D. 13,79.
Cu 98 (H khi B - 2012): Dung dch cht X khng lm i mu qu tm; dung dch cht Y lm qu tm ho
xanh. Trn ln hai dung dch trn thu c kt ta. Hai cht X v Y tng ng l
A. KNO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
. B. Ba(NO
3
)
2
v Na
2
CO
3
.
C. Na
2
SO
4
v BaCl
2
. D. Ba(NO
3
)
2
v K
2
SO
4
.
Cu 99 (C - 2012): Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Trong hp cht, tt c cc kim loi kim u c s oxi ha +1.


B. Tt c cc kim loi nhm IIA u c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
C. Tt c cc hiroxit ca kim loi nhm IIA u d tan trong nc.
D. Trong nhm IA, tnh kh ca cc kim loi gim dn t Li n Cs.
Cu 100 (C - 2012): Hp th hon ton 0,336 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch gm NaOH 0,1M v KOH
0,1M thu c dung dch X. C cn ton b dung dch X thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?
Cu 101 (C - 2012): Dung dch E gm x mol Ca
2+
, y mol Ba
2+
, z mol
3
HCO
. Cho t t dung dch Ca(OH)

2

nng a mol/l vo dung dch E n khi thu c kt ta ln nht th va ht V lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
. Biu thc
lin h gia cc gi tr V, a, x, y l
A. V = 2a(x + y). B. V = a(2x + y). C. V =
x 2y
.
a
+
D. V =
x y
.
a
+

Cu 102 (C - 2012): Hn hp X gm Na, Al v Fe (vi t l s mol gia Na v Al tng ng l 2 : 1). Cho X tc
dng vi H
2
O (d) thu c cht rn Y v V lt kh. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d) thu
c 0,25V lt kh. Bit cc kh o cng iu kin, cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. T l s mol ca Fe v Al
trong X tng ng l
A. 16 : 5. B. 5 : 16. C. 1 : 2. D. 5 : 8.
Cu 103 (C - 2012): Nung hn hp bt gm Al v Fe
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c oxi), thu c hn hp cht
rn X. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Cho phn 1 vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 7,84 lt kh H
2
(ktc);
- Cho phn 2 vo dung dch NaOH (d) thu c 3,36 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
Bit rng cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l
A. 33,61%. B. 42,32%. C. 66,39%. D. 46,47%.
Cu 104 (C - 2012): Ho tan hon ton 1,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y
(M
X
< M
Y
) trong dung dch HCl d, thu c 1,12 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Kim loi X l
A. Li. B. Na. C. Rb. D. K.

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GV: Trn Vn Tn (T: 0984532986) BI DNG KIN THC HO 12 LTH

Email: vantangvh@gmail.com facebook : Trn Tn (hoc vantangvh@gmail.com) Trang 1

. Phi dng dung dch cht no sau y

l nc cng tm thi; cha anion Cl

l nc cng ton phn.

. Biu thc lin h gia a,

, cc em c cng thc s mol H

, ci no d sau phn ng th ta tnh pH theo ci d .

), v bn cht sinh ra sn phm tng t

th c th thu c hoc hoc c v

th ch thu c . Sinh ra 2 mui v th c CO

, sau phn ng thu c dung dch c kh nng:

(dung dch cho thm vo) chng t dung dch c .

. Chia lm 2 dng nh sau

bng nhau (nu bi ton c tnh ton

x = 0,15 0,1 = 0,05

theo phng php ng cho:

d: 0,04 0,03 = 0,01 mol.

. p dng cng thc tnh nhanh

. Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng vi OH

ht (trng hp ny p dng cng thc tnh

hay khng t y suy ra s mol kh CO

trong NaOH thi, nn

thit lp h 2 phng trnh.

. Cc em vit 2 phng trnh ion thu gn, da vo

tiu tn t nht (kt ta cc i):

vo dung dch hn hp cha (Al

tiu tn nhiu nht (kt ta cc tiu):

vo dung dch hn hp (Al

th cng thm lng OH

v s mol kt ta p dng cng thc tnh nhanh

ln nht to ra 7,8 gam kt ta l:

vo dung dch Y li hnh thnh kt ta chng t dung dch Y vn cn Al

ln 2 khi cho vo th lng kt ta t cc i ri b ho tan mt phn. Ta c:

: 0, 2 0, 2a (mol); :0, 2a 0, 04(m Na Al

= 0,2 mol v s mol H

nn khi phn ng vi CaCl

trong dung dch

, trong s mol ca ion Cl

(0, 04mol); x mol

l thnh phn thay i to ra

) ri p dng bo ton khi

(0,2 mol). Thm dn V ml dung

c tng khi lng mui trong X l 13,54 gam. lm kt

(0,2 mol). Thm dn V ml dung dch

. Biu thc lin h gia a,

. Cho 270 ml dung

. Dng dung dch Ca(OH)

. Khi thm V lt dung dch

, trong s mol ca ion

. Cho t t dung dch Ca(OH)

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