L Th Mn

Bi 46:Benzen v ankylbenzen_Tit 1

GIO N
Bi 46
Lp
Tit
Ngi son
GVHD

: BENZEN V ANKYL BENZEN

: 11 Nng cao
: 61 - 62
: L TH MN
: Thy TRNH L HNG PHNG

I. Chun kin thc k nng

1. Kin thc
a. Hs bit :
nh ngha, cu trc phn t,c im cu to, ng ng, ng phn v danh php.
Tnh cht vt l: quy lut bin i nhit nng chy, nhit si ca cc cht trong
dy ng ng benzen.
b. HS hiu:
Mi lin quan gia cu trc phn t v tnh cht ho hc: Cu trc phng, phn t c
dng hnh lc gic u, h lin kt lin hp benzen v ng ng c tnh cht ca
hidrocacbon no, hidrocacbon khng no.
Tnh cht ho hc: Phn ng th ca benzen v toluen: Halogen ho, nitro ho (iu
kin phn ng, quy tc th ; S lc c ch th); Phn ng cng Cl2, H2 vo vng
benzen ; Phn ng oxi ho hon ton, oxi ho nhm ankyl.
2. K nng:
Vit c cu trc phn t ca benzen v mt s cht trong dy ng ng.
Vit c cc phng trnh ho hc biu din tnh cht ho hc ca benzen,
toluen; Vn dng quy tc th d on sn phm phn ng.
Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn.
Gii c bi tp: Tnh khi lng benzen, toluen tham gia phn ng hoc thnh
phn phn trm khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp ; Mt s bi tp khc c ni
dung lin quan.
B
0

II. Trng tm
Cu trc phn t ca benzen v mt s cht trong dy ng ng.
Tnh cht ho hc benzen v toluen.
III. Chun b
- M hnh phn t ca benzene.
- My tnh, my chiu, phiu hc tp
- Kin thc v hidrocacbon no v hidrocacbon khng no.
1

L Th Mn

Bi 46:Benzen v ankylbenzen_Tit 1

IV.Phng php
-Thuyt trnh nu vn ,m thoi
-Trc quan, m hnh.
-Tho lun nhm
IV. Tin trnh bi ln lp:
1. n nh lp:
2. Kim tra bi c:
Thc hin dy chuyn ha sau .
1. Nhm cacbua

CH4

C2H2

benzen
2. Propan

metan

vinyl axetilen

ivinyl

cao su Buna

bc axetilua

axetilen

vinylaxetilen
ivinyl

Butan

propilen

nha pp

caosu buna

3. Bi mi : (Tit 1): BENZEN

Hot ng ca Gio
vin (GV)
Hot ng 1:
Trong cc chng
trc c hc
cc loi hirocacbon
no?
Mi loi HC hy nu
nhng cht tiu biu?
Hm nay, chng ta
s tm hiu thm v
mt loi
hirocacbon khc
l hirocacbon
thm.
bit hirocacbon
thm c thnh phn,
tnh cht, ng dng
nh th no th chng
ta i vo tm hiu
chng VII.
- Khi qut v
hidrocacbon thm.
- C my loi
hidrocacbon thm?

Hot ng ca hc
sinh (HS)

Ghi bng

HC no: ankan,
xicloankan
HC khng no:
anken, ankadien,
ankin
Chng VII: HIROCACBON THM.
NGUN HIROCACBON THIN
NHIN.
- Nhng hidrocacbon m trong phn t c
cha vng benzen c gi l
Hidrocacbon thm (hay aren).

L Th Mn

Bi 46:Benzen v ankylbenzen_Tit 1

- C 2 loi
aren:n vng, a
vng.

- Aren n vng: L hidrocacbon thm c

cha 1 vng benzen trong phn t.
CH 3

CH

CH2

- Aren a vng: l Hidrocacbon thm c

cha nhiu vng benzen trong phn t.
CH2

- Cc aren l ngun nguyn liu quan trng

ca cng nghip tng hp polime,dc
phm, phm nhum.
Hot ng 2: Cu
trc phn t
- Gv yu cu HS
nghin cu c im
lin kt trong phn t
benzen?
- V tr cc nguyn t
trong phn t benzen?
- Gc lin kt?
- Hnh dng b khung
cacbon?

I. CU TRC, NG NG, NG
PHN, DANH PHP.
1. Cu trc ca phn t benzene
a. M hnh phn t.

- C 3 lin kt i
xen k 3 lin kt n
to thnh h lin
hp.
- Khung C l hnh
lc gic u, c 6
nguyn t C u
nm trn 6 nh ca - Phn t benzen c hnh lc gic u.
- 12 nguyn t (6C + 6H) nm cng 1 mt
lc gic.
phng.
- Gc lin kt bng 120o.
- 6 C trng thi lai ha sp2
b. Biu din cu to ca benzen.

c. S hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t

benzene

- 6 nguyn t C trong phn t benzen

trng thi lai ha sp2 (lai ha tam gic)
- 6 obitan p cn li ca 6 nguyn t C xen
3

L Th Mn

Bi 46:Benzen v ankylbenzen_Tit 1

ph bn vi nhau to thnh h lin hp

chung.
- Lin kt trong phn t benzen kh bn
vng.
Hot ng 3: ng
ng, ng phn,
danh php
ng ng ca
benzene gm cc cht
c CTPT: C6H6,
C7H8, Nu CT
chung ca dy ng
ng benzen?

- T C6H6 theo
khi nim ng
ng C6H6(CH2)k,
t n = 6 + k t
suy ra cng thc
chung ca dy
ng ng benzen
l.
CnH2n-6 (n 6)

- Ankylbenzen c
nhng kiu ng phn
no?
- Khi no th
- T C8 tr i th
ankylbenzen c hin
ankylbenzen c hin
tng ng phn?
tng ng phn

2.ng ng, ng phn, danh php

a. ng ng
- Khi thay cc nguyn t H trong phn t
benzen (C6H6) bng cc nhm ankyl ta
c ankylbenzen to thnh dy ng
ng ca benzen.
- Cng thc chung dy ng ng benzen:
CnH2n-6 (n 6)

b. ng phn, danh php

- C6H6,C7H8 khng c ng phn
- T C8 tr ln mi c ng phn
+ ng phn v cu to mch cacbon ca
nhnh

- Cch nh s mch
Cacbon?
- Cch gi tn
ankylbenzen?
- Cho v d minh ha

ng phn v v tr tng i ca cc
nhm ankyl quanh vng benzen

- tn h thng ca ng ng benzen gi
bng
- S ch v tr nhnh Tn nhnh + benzen
- Khi vng benzen c hai hay nhiu nhm
ankyl th phi ch r v tr cc nhm ankyl
trn vng benzen.
- nh s cc nguyn t C trn vng
benzen sao cho tng ch s l nh nht khi
gi tn.
- Nu vng benzen c 2 nhm ankyl th gi
tn theo tn bn h thng, xc nh cc v
tr
+ 1,2: ortho (o-)
4

L Th Mn

Bi 46:Benzen v ankylbenzen_Tit 1

+ 1,3: meta (m-)

+ 1,4: para (p-)
VD:
CH2CH3

CH3
CH3

Etylbenzen

CH3

1,2-metylbenzen
o-dimetylbenzen
(o-xilen)

CH3

Hot ng 4: L tnh
GV cho HS
nghin cu cc c
tnh vt l cc cht
trong dy ng ng
ca benzene (trng
thi, nhit si,
nhit nng chy)
- Bng 7.1 SGK

CH3
CH3
1,4-dimetylbenzen
1,3-dimetylbenzen
II. L TNH
1.Nhit nng chy, nhit si v
khi lng ring.

- Benzen v ng ng l cht lng c

tng dn.
gim dn v c s bt thng pxilen, o-xilen v m-xilen.
2. Mu sc, tnh tan v mi
- Benzen v ng ng l cht lng khng
mu, c mi thm. Khng tan trong nc,
tan tt trong dung mi hu c v l dung
mi ha tan nhiu cht khc.

Hot ng 5:Ha
tnh
- Da vo cu trc
phn t hy d on
tnh cht ha hc ca
benzen v ankyl
benzen

III. HA TNH
-Benzen c cu to mch vng v h lin
kt lin hp khp kn v vy nhn
benzen kh bn.
- Cc hidrocacbon thm c 2 trung tm
phn ng: nhn benzen v mch nhnh.

L Th Mn

Bi 46:Benzen v ankylbenzen_Tit 1

Phn ng c trng ca benzen l d th, kh

cng v bn vi tc nhn oxi ha to thnh tnh
thm.

V. CNG C
-

Vit CTCT cc ng phn ankyl benzene ng vi cng thc C9H12 ?

Lm bi tp SGK v cng n tp.
Dn d: n tp chun b kim tra.

Nhn xt ca Gio vin hng dn

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