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HSDPA Measurements and Key Parameters with Nemo Tools

3.11.2009

Perfecting Wireless Communications

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HSDPA Technical Highlights

HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) Next evolution step of UMTS, 3.5G Defined in 3GPP Rel5 specs Offers peak data rates up to 14 Mbit/s (2 Mbit/s with R99 UMTS) and 50-100% increase in system capacity HSDPA is a set of new features in base station and terminal: AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding) HARQ retransmissions Fast scheduling Fast power control and variable SF are replaced with AMC, multicode transmission, and HARQ No SHO HSDPA features are applied to new HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel) transport channel Rel99 channels can co-exist with HSDSCH

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HSDPA terminal categories



HSDPA offers up to 5.4 Mbps throughput with QPSK coding, and up to 14.4 Mbps throughput with 16QAM coding Category 7/8 currently available

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HSDPA in Nemo Tools



Nemo Outdoor supports HSDPA measurements Nemo Handy for Nokia N95 supports HSDPA measurements Nemo Analyze supports post-processing of HSDPA measurements Supported terminals: Qualcomm TM6280 and MSM7200TM based terminals, data cards and USB modems Nokia N85, N95 &N96 Nokia 6120/ 6121 Motorola V3XX& V9(EMEA& NA versions) Samsung G800 (7.2Mbps) Huawei E169

Recorded HSDPA parameters include: Cellular system Carrier number HSDPA UE category Power offset between pilot power and HSDPA MAX downlink power Number of monitored signalling channels Packet data technology Packet state

- Serving HSDPA cell (SC) - Transport Block Size distribution - Effective coding rate - Modulation - Number of codes - MAC layer throughput and transmission - TTI - CQI distribution

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HSDPA Performance Analysis



Question: What is the end-user performance Answer: Throughput and delay (RTT) Question: If the performance is not good, why so? Answer: There is following potential reasons for low performance: Terminal capability. Terminal does not support high throughputs Bad radio conditions (parameters: Ec/N0, RSCP, G-factor), link adaptation Other HSDPA users in the cell. (Indicators: HS-DSCH activity rate (High Speed Downlink Shared channel), HS-SCCH usage rate (HighSpeed Shared Control channel )). Bottleneck elsewhere than in radio interface. E.g. Iub transmission, Application). (Indicators: HS-DSCH activity rate, HS-SCCH usage rate).

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HSDPA parameters in Nemo tools 1/5

All release 99 parameters available earlier with Qualcomm are supported E.g. Application throughput, PPP throughput, CPICH Ec/No etc.. Blue colored parameters are supported only with Nemo Analyze Rest of the parameters are supported both with Nemo Outdoor and Nemo Analyze

List of parameters:

CQI percentage histogram Channel quality indicator (CQI), reported by terminal to the NW Reported in every 2ms by the terminal, histogram event written to measurement file in every 200ms CQI mode The most common CQI value among in histogram

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HSDPA parameters in Nemo tools 2/5

Link adaptation parameters (percentage histogram) Modulation Effective coding Transport block size First channelisation code used Number of codes

Modulation (mode) Effective coding (mode) Number of codes (mode)

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HSDPA parameters in Nemo tools 3/5



HS-DSCH 1st retransmission rate Percentage of blocks retransmitted once HS-DSCH 2nd retransmission rate Percentage of blocks retransmitted twice HS-DSCH 3rd retransmission rate Percentage of blocks retransmitted 3 times MAC block rate downlink Number of radio blocks received in measurement period (200ms with Qualcomm) # Number of ACK/NACKs Total number of ACK/NACK status messages sent to uplink MAC-HS (L1) BLER Number of NACK messages from total in percentage (that is, percentage of erroneous blocks before HARQ) HSDPA HS-SCCH usage (high-speed shared control channel ) Percentage of time over the measurement period (200ms) when HS-SCCH has indicated incoming data to the terminal Physical layer requested throughput Computational throughput based on CQI value. The throughput that would have been achieved, if network would have sent with the link adaptation parameters defined by the CQI

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HSDPA parameters in Nemo tools 4/5



Packet technology HSDPA/UMTS/EDGE/GPRS HSDPA UE category HS-DSCH scrambling code Serving HS-DSCH cell scrambling code # HS-SCCHs Number of HS-SCCH channels listened by the phone Power offset Power offset in dB between HS-DSCH and CPICH MAC-HS(L1) throughput downlink Throughput provided by the L1/MAC-HS to the upper layers HS-DSCH activity rate Percentage of time when HS-DSCH channel has been allocated to the measured user (max 100% with inter-TTI interval 1) G-factor estimate Best active set RSCP / (Other cell1 RSCP + other cell2 RSCP + + Thermal noise)

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HSDPA parameters in Nemo tools 5/5

HS- PDSCH throughput (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel throughput) CQI feedback cycle Controls how often the UE transmits new CQI information on the uplink (see 3GPP TS 25.214 s6A.1.2). CQI repetition factor Controls how often the UE repeats CQI information on the uplink (see 3GPP TS 25.214 s6A.1.2). Ack/Nack repetition factor Controls how often the UE repeats each ACK or NACK (see 3GPP TS 25.214 s6A.1.1). HSDPA HARQ process information HARQ uses incremental redundancy, where user data is transmitted multiple times using different codings. When a corrupted packet is received, the user device saves it and later combines it with the retransmissions, to recover the error-free packet as efficiently as possible. Even if the retransmitted packets are corrupted, their combination can yield an error-free packet.

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HSDPA key parameters examples

3.11.2009

Perfecting Wireless Communications

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Verification of Link Adaptation


Variations in channel conditions (CPICH Ec/No) affect link adaptation parameters Key parameters: L1 throughput Effective coding rate Modulation Number of multicodes HARQ retransmission rate Physical Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) HS-DSCH power offset CPICH Ec/No

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Verification of Link Adaptation


HARQ Retransmissions

Key parameters: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd MACHS retransmission rate 1st retransmission rate should be in reasonable level Low rate can indicate too conservative link adaptation 2nd and 3rd retransmission rates should be near to 0

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Verification of Link Adaptation MAC- HS Throughput vs. Radio Channel Conditions



The effect of all link adaptation parameters is seen in throughput MAC- HS throughput vs. radio conditions gives the best overall picture of link adaptation Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) indicates the channel quality seen by the terminal HS-DSCH radio condition measurements other than CQI are not available CPICH Ec/No together with HS-DSCH power offset indicates the channel quality of HSDSCH Throughput may also vary due to other than radio reasons: Core/transmission network bottlenecks Application protocol effects, etc.
HS-DSCH power offset to CPICH: 3dB HS-DSCH power offset to CPICH: 4.5dB

HS-DSCH power offset to CPICH: 0dB

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Throughput
Transmission/Core NW Limitation or Other HSDPA users in the Cell

Physical layer requested throughput is 5.34MB (computational throughput based on CQI) Actual MAC-HS throughput is ~235kB Radio conditions would allow ~5MB higher throughput HS-SCCH usage is 12% 88% of the time the HSDPA channel has been idle or allocated to another user

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Packet Scheduling Verification


Trade-off between system capacity and service coverage with packet scheduling Performance and scalability of HSDPA depends strongly on the vendor-specific packet scheduling algorithm Testing needed! Multiple test terminals in the same cell downloading bulk data Different channel conditions and/or QoS profiles Key parameters: HS-DSCH activity rate End-user/cell throughput

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Switching from HS-DSCH to DCH



Running out of HSDPA capacity, or defined coverage, or some other RRM reason Switching is an RRC procedure, where at least transport channel is reconfigured Channel switching causes a break in the data flow MAC-HS buffer in Node B is flushed, and the data is retransmitted in RLC layer From application perspective the switch is seamless

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HS-DSCH Cell Change



HS-DSCH is not in SHO HS-DSCH is transmitted from one of the active set cells HS-DSCH channel changed to other active set cell with RRC signaling Channel switching causes a break in the data flow RNC stops sending DL data before channel reconfiguration Data is not lost From application perspective the switch is seamless

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R99 vs. HSDPA Example

R99 terminal and HSDPA terminal, both downloading data in the same cell Stationary test

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Example: Increased Interference Due to HSDPA

R99 384kbps bearer (SF8), lowers CPICH Ec/No about 1dB HSDPA transfer decreases CPICH Ec/No about 4dB HSDPA typically takes up a large share of the power resources

Interference

HS-DSCH power offset to CPICH: 4.5dB

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HSDPA Field Tests


Expected HSDPA Performance Based on R99 Measurements
G-factor or Ior/Ioc together with HS-DSCH Tx power are the variables in most of the HSDPA performance simulations G-factor or Ior/Ioc can be estimated based on CPICH measurements from serving and neighboring cells Equally loaded cells are assumed Estimation of: HSDPA performance in existing R99 network HSDPA performance in loaded network Microcell environment (antennas on the walls)

Macrocell environment (antennas on masts and rooftops

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HSDPA Field Tests


Challenge in Radio Network Planning
Serving cell dominance has a relatively big effect on throughput compared to R99 HSDPA makes the deployment scenario (micro/macro, etc.), and the radio network planning visible to the end-user

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HSDPA Field Tests


Geographical Visualization

Results can be visualized on a map For example, MAC-HS DL throughput Problem areas can be pinpointed geographically
Best active set cell Ec/No below -15dB Number of HS-DSCH multicodes less than 3

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HSDPA Field Tests


Statistics Per Cell
Throughput statistics per cell Modulation statistics per cell Problem/worst cells can be pinpointed

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Conclusions

Radio conditions
CPICH Ec/No HS-DSCH power offset CQI

Link adaptation
Coding rate Modulation Number of multi codes MAC BLER HS-DSCH activity rate

Performance
MAC-HS throughput RLC/PPP/App. throughput RTT (Ping)

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THANK YOU!

Questions, comments?

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