ĐÁP ÁN DỰ BỊ TOÁN

Trn Xun Bang - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008

ra v Hng dn gii. 6/2010
69
S 5

Cu I.:
Hm s y =
x
mx x
+
1
2
(1)
1. Kho st, v th hm s khi m = 0 (Hc sinh t gii).
2. Tm m y c cc i v cc tiu.
y' =
2
2
2
2
) 1 (
2
) 1 (
) 1 )( 2 (
m
m x x
x
mx x x m x
+ +
=
+ + +

y c cc i v cc tiu, iu kin cn v l phng trnh y(x) = 0 c hai
nghim v y i du khi x bin thin qua mi nghim.
- x
2
+ 2x +m = 0 (2) c hai nghim phn bit khc 1.

)
`
= + +
> + = A
0 2 1
0 1 '
m
m
1 > m
Gi M
1
(x
1,
y
1
) l im cc i v im cc tiu thuc th hm s.
x
1,
x
2
l nghim ca (2), y
1
,y
2
c th tnh bng cch thay x
1
, x
2
vo (1),
nhng cng c th tnh bng cch khc nh sau:
Hm s (1) c dng y =
v
u
, y =
v
uv v u
2
' '
.
Ti x
1,
x
2
ta c y = 0
x
uv v u
2 , 1
' '
x x x x
v
u
v
u
uv uv
2 , 1 2 , 1 2 , 1 2 , 1
'
'
' 0 ' = = =

Vy tnh y
1,2
ta c th dng t s
'
'
v
u
(n gin hn t s
v
u
). Vi nhn xt ny
ta c:
y
1 =
x
m x
1
1
2
+
= -(2x
1
+ m); y
2
= -(2x
2
+ m)
M
1
M
2
=
2
2 1
2
2 1
) ( ) (
y y
x x
+ + =
2
2 1
) ( 5
x x

= 5 ( )
x x x x 2 1
2
2 1
4 +
= 5 m 4 4 +
P N D B 1 TON A 2002
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
70
M
1
M
2
=10 5(4+4m) = 100 m = 4.
Cu II :
1. Phng trnh 16 log
3
27 x
x 3log
z 3
x
2
= 0
iu kin:
=
>
3
1
0
x
x

16 log
x 3
x
3
1
- 3log
z 3
x
2
= 0
log
x 3
x
3
16
- 3log
z 3
x
2
= 0
x
3
16
= x
6
(x > 0)

x
3
16
6
= x
3
2
= 1

2. a)
3
1
3 cos 2 sin
1 cos sin 2
=
+
+ +
x x
x x

6 sinx + 3 cosx + 3 = sinx 2 cosx +3
(d thy sinx 2 cosx +3 > 0 x)
5 sinx + 5 cosx = 0 sinx = - cosx

tgx = -1 x =-
k +
4

b) Tm a
a
x x
x x
=
+
+ +
3 cos 2 sin
1 cos sin 2
c nghim.
phng trnh 2 sinx + cosx + 1 = a(sinx 2cosx + 3)
(2 a)sinx + (2a + 1)
2
cosx = 3a 1.
phng trnh c nghim, iu kin cn v l:
(2 a)
2
+ (2a +1)
2
> (3a 1)
2

5a
2
+ 5 > 9a
2
- 6a + 1
4a
2
6a 4 s 0, A = 9 + 16 = 25

x = 1
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
71
- 2
2
1
s s a .

Cu III:
1. Vit li (C) di dng
(x + 1)
2
+ (y 2)
2
= 5
Vy (C) c tm I(-1;2), bn knh R = 5 .
Theo gi thit ZMAB= 60
0
, suy
ra ZAMI = 30
0
MI = 2AI = 2R = 2 5 .
Vy M thuc ng trn tm I bn
knh 2 5 c phng trnh
(x + 1)
2
+ (y 2)
2
= (2 5 )
2
= 20.
Do M e thuc (d) nn to ca M
l nghim ca h phng trnh.
( ) ( )
= + +
= +
20 2 1
0 1
2 2
y x
y x

T phng trnh u, rt y theo x, th
vo phng trnh th hai ta c:
(x

+ 1)
2
+ (x 1)
2
= 20 x
2
= 9 x = 63
Vi x = 3 ta c y = 4.
Vi x = -3 ta c y = 2.
Vy ta c hai im M cn tm l
M
1
(3; 4); M
2
(-3;-2).
2. Vit li (S):
(x + 2)
2
+ (y 3)
2
+ z
2
= 13 m (iu kin: m< 13).
Mt cu (S) c tm I(-2;3;0),
Bn knh m 13 = IN, MN = 8 nn HN = 4,
Suy ra: IH =
HN IN
2 2
=
2
4 13 m = 3 m
(iu kin: m< 3) l khong cch t I n ng thng d.
Trong phng trnh xc nh d, t x = t ta c
+ =
+ = +
4 2 2
1 2 2
t z y
t z y

M
A
B
I
x

-

y

+

1

=
0

Hnh 20
I
N
H
M
Hnh 21
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
72
y =
2
1
t + 1; z = t -1.
Vy d c vect ch phng (1;
2
1
;1)=
2
1
(2;1;2).
D nhn thy rng M
0
(0;1;-1) l mt im ca d.
I M
0
= (-2;2;1). Do khong cch I n d bng h =
| |
n
n I M ;
0

| | n I M ;
0
=
)
`

1 2
2 2
;
2 2
2 1
;
2 1
1 2

= (3,6,-6)
IH = h =
| |
n
n I M ;
0

3
9
81
2 1 2
6 6 3
2 2 2
2 2 2
= =
+ +
+ +
=
Vy IH = 9 3 3 3 = = m m
m = -12 (tho mn iu kin).

3. C th gi s a = min { } c b a , , .
Trn cnh AC ly im E, trn AD ly im F
sao cho AB = AE = AF = a
T din ABEF c bn mt l tam gic u bng
nhau nn l t din u cnh bng a.
D dng tnh c th tch t din u cnh a l:
) 1 (
12
2
3
1
a
V =
Gi V l th tch khi t din ABCD. Theo cng thc th tch khi t din ta c:
(H l chn ng cao h t B).
) 2 (
60 sin .
2
1
E.AFsin60
2
1
) ( .
3
1
F) ( .
3
1
2
0
0
1
bc
a
AD AC
A
ACD S BH
AE S BH
V
V
= = =
A
F
C
D
B
E
H
Hnh 22
c
b
60
0

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
73
T (1) v (2) suy ra: .
12
2
1
2
abc
V
a
bc
V = =
Cu IV:
1. Tnh
2
6 3 5
0
1 cos .sin .cos . I x x xdx
}

. cos . sin . cos . cos 1
2 3 6 3
2
0
xdx x x x } =

d(1 cos
3
x) = 3cos
2
x.sinxdx, do :
| | ) cos 1 ( ) cos 1 ( 1 ) cos 1 (
3
1
3 3
6
1
3
2
0
x d x x I } =

) cos 1 ( ) cos 1 (
3
1
) cos 1 ( ) cos 1 (
3
1
3
6
7
3
2
0
3
6
1
3
2
0
x d x x d x } } =

2
0
6
13
3
2
0
6
7
3
) cos 1 (
13
6
.
3
1
) cos 1 (
7
6
.
3
1

x x =

=
= =
91
14 26
13
2
7
2

91
12

Nhn xt: Cng c th tnh I nh php i bin 1 cos
3
x = t a 1 v dng

dt t t I ) 1 (
3
1
6
1 1
=
}
ri tnh ra kt qu.
2. Tm
( ) ( )
2
sin 2
1 2 1 1 3 3
cos 1
1 2 1 3
2
2 2
0
2 3 2
0
lim lim
x
x x
x
x x
x x
+ + +
=
+ +

* Tnh
( )
3 2
3
2 2 2
2
0 2
3 2
0
1 1 3 ) 1 3 (
2
sin 2
1 1 3
2
sin 2
1 1 3
lim lim
+
+
=
+

x x
x
x
x
x
x x

=
2
3
6
1 1 3 ) 1 3 (
1
.
2
sin
2
6
3 2
3
2 2
2
0
lim
= =
+
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
x x
x
x
x

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
74
* Tnh
2
2
4
1 1 2
2
sin 2
2
2
sin 2
1 1 2
2 2
2
0 2
2
0
lim lim
= =
+ +
=
+

x
x
x
x
x
x x

Suy ra 4
cos 1
1 2 1 3
2 3 2
0
lim
=
+ +
x
x x
x

Cu V:
Bt ng thc
50 1 ,
50
50
2
s < < < s
+ +
> + d c b a
b
b b
d
c
b
a

(a, b, c, d e IN)
V a >1 ; d 50 v c > b (c, b e IN) nn c > b + 1 thnh th

.
50
50
50
1 1
2
b
b b b
b d
c
b
a
S
+ +
=
+
+ > + =

Vy bt ng thc ca ra c chng minh rt n gin.
Vy
.
50
50
2
b
b b
d
c
b
a
S
+ +
> + =

Du ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi: a = 1, d = 50, c = b + 1.
tm min S, ta t
50
1 1
50 50
50
2
+ + =
+ +
b
b
b
b b
v xt hm s c bin s lin tc x

1 1
( ) (2 48)
50 50
x
f x x
x
= + + s s
2 2
1 1 50
'( )
50 50
x
f x
x x
= =

2
50
( ) 5 2
2 48
x
f x x
x
=
= =
s s

Bng bin thin:
X 2
5 2
48
f '(x) - 0 +
f(x)
min f(x)

Chuyn v biu thc f(x) =
|
|
.
|
\
|
e
s s
+ +
IN b
b
b
b b
48 2
50
50
2

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
75
T bng bin thin suy ra khi b bin thin t 2 n 7, f(7) gim ri chuyn sang
tng khi b bin thin t 8 n 48. Suy ra min f(b) = min [f(7); f(8)].
Ta c f(7) =
175
53
350
106
350
57 49
= =
+

f(8) =
175
53
200
61
400
122
400
58 64
> = =
+
( 427 > 424)
Vy
175
53
min = S khi
=
=
=
=
50
8
7
1
d
c
b
a

Nhn xt:
Cng c th tm min f(b) = min
|
|
.
|
\
|
e
s s
+ |
.
|
\
|
+
Z b
b
b
b
48 2
50
1 1
50

Bng cch xt dy s u
b
=
b
b
b
b
50
50 1
50
2
+
= +
Lp t s:
|
|
.
|
\
|
e
s s
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
=
+
IN b
b
b b
b b b
b
b
b
b
u
u
b
b
48 2
) 50 )( 1 (
) 51 2 (
50
50
.
) 1 ( 50
50 ) 1 (
2
2
2
2
1

50 ) 1 ( 0 50 1
2 1
< + < + <
+
b b b b
u
u
b
b
b s 6 (do b nguyn)
. 7 50 ) 1 ( 1
1
> > + >
+
b b b
u
u
b
b
T c min u
b
= u
7

min S = .
175
53

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
63
S 4

Cu I :
1. Gii bt phng trnh: 1 2 3 12 + + > + x x x
iu kin: x > 3.
Bt phng trnh 1 2 3 12 + > + x x x
( ) 1 2 3 12
2
+ > + x x x (v x +12 >x-3 > 0)

( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2 9 2 12 3 2 1
12 . 3 4
9 52 0 13 4
x x x x
x x
x x x
+ + > +
+ s
+ s s s

Do iu kin x > 3, suy ra 3 4 x s s
2. Gii phng trnh
2
tan cos cos sin (1 tan tan )
2
x
x x x x x + = +
iu kin:
=
=
=
=
1 cos
0 cos
0
2
cos
0 cos
x
x
x
x

Ta c:
sin sin
2
1 tan tan 1
2
cos cos
2
x
x
x
x
x
x
+ = +
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
cos
1
2
cos cos
2
cos
2
cos cos
2
sin sin
2
cos cos
=
|
.
|
\
|

=
+
=
Phng trnh
2
sin
tan cos cos
cos
x
x x x
x
+ + =
cosx(1 - cosx) =0.
Do iu kin cosx 0 nn phng trnh cosx =1
x =2kt, (k eZ)
Cu I I :
1. y =(x - m)
3
- 3x
y' =3(x-m)
2
- 3 =3[(x - m)
2
- 1]
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
64
y'(0) =3(m
2
-1)
y" =6(x - m) y"(0) =-6m
iu kin cn v hm s t cc tiu ti x =0 l y'(0) =0
m =1 hoc m =-1.
Vi m =1 th y"(0) =-6 <0, hm t cc i ti x =0
Vi m =-1 th y"(0) =6>0, hm t cc tiu ti x =0
p s: m =-1 .
2. Kho st v v th hm s khi x =1( Hc sinh t gii)
th hm s y =(x - 1)
3
- 3x c cho trn hnh 18.
3. Tm k h bt phng trnh c nghim

s +
<
) 2 ( 1 ) 1 ( log
3
1
log
2
1
) 1 ( 0 3 1
3
2
2
2
3
x x
k x x

iu kin: (x - 1)
3
>0 x >1
Khi x >1, bt phng trnh (1)
(x - 3)
3
- 3k <k (1')
Bt phng trnh (2) log
2
x +log
2
(x - 1) s 1 (x >1).
x(x - 1) s 2

>
s
1
0 2
2
x
x x

1<x s 2
Bi ton quy v xc nh k bt phng trnh (1')
c nghim tha iu kin 1<x s 2.
Da vo th hm s v cu 2, xt ch trn khong 1<x s 2, ta suy ra
tp mi tr s k cn tm l k >-5 (k >
(1;2]
min ( ) (2) 5 f x f = = )
Cu I I I :
1. Gi H l trung im BC.
Do AABC vung cn ti A nn
AH BC; AB =AC SB =SC
SH BC. Do ZAHS =60
0
.
Hnh 18
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
65
Ta c AH = .
2 2
a BC
=
Trong ASAH vung ti A nn:
SA =
0
3
tan60
2 2
a a
= .
2. a)
d
1
l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng
x - az - a =0 v y - z + 1 = 0 nn i qua
M
1
(a; - 1; 0) v vung gc vi cc vc t

1
u
=(1; 0; - a),
1
v
=( 0; 1; - 1).
Suy ra mt vc t ch phng ca d
1
l
1
a
=[
1
u
,
1
v
] =(a; 1; 1).
d
2
l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng ax + 3y - 3 =0 v x - 3z - 6 = 0 nn i qua
M
2
(0; 1; - 2) v vung gc cc vc t
2
u
=(a; 3; 0),
2
v
=( 1; 0; - 3). Suy ra mt vc
t ch phng ca d
2
l
2
a
=[
2
u
,
2
v
] =(3; - a; 1).

1 1
M M
=(- a; 2; - 2),
1 2
[ ; ] a a

=(1 +a; 3 - a; - a
2
- 3)
Ta c
1 2
[ ; ] a a

.
1 1
M M
=a
2
- 3a +12 >0, a. Suy ra, khng c a d
1
v d
2
ct nhau.
Ta cng c kt qu l d
1
v d
2
cho nhau, vi a.
Cch 2.
Phng trnh tham s ca cc ng thng d
1
v d
2
:

1 2
'
x =a +at
d: y =- 1 +t d : 1 '
3
z =t
1
2 '
3
x t
a
y t
z t

= +
Xt h phng trnh:

a +at ' (1)
1 1 ' (2)
3
1
2 ' (3)
3
t
a
t t
t t
+ =
= +

T (2) v (3) suy ra: (1 ) ' 12 a t + =
a =- 1 khng tha
Hnh 19
H
S
C
B
A
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
66

12
1 '
1
a t
a
= =
+
,
4
2
1
t
a
= +
+
. Thay vo (1), ta c a
2
- 3a +12 =0 v
nghim.
Vy, khng c a d
1
v d
2
ct nhau.
b) Vi a =2 ta c:

1 2
2 2 0 2 3 3 0
: ; :
1 0 3 6 0
x z x y
d d
y z x z
= + =

+ = =

Theo a) d
2
l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng 2x + 3y - 3 =0 v x - 3z - 6 = 0 nn i
qua M
2
(0; 1; - 2) v vung gc cc vc t
2
u
=(2; 3; 0),
2
v
=( 1; 0; - 3). Suy ra
mt vc t ch phng ca d
2
l
2
a
=[
2
u
,
2
v
] =(3; - 2; 1).
d
1
l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng x - 2z - 2 =0 v y - z + 1 = 0 nn i qua
M
1
(2; - 1; 0) v vung gc vi cc vc t
1
u
=(1; 0; - 2),
1
v
=( 0; 1; - 1). Suy ra
mt vc t ch phng ca d
1
l
1
a
=[
1
u
,
1
v
] =(2; 1; 1).
Mt phng (P) cha d
2
v song song d
1
nn i qua M
2
(0; 1; - 2) v c mt vc t
php tuyn
P
n
=[
1
a
,
2
a
] =(3; 1; - 7). Suy ra, phng trnh ca (P):

3(x - 0) +y - 1 - 7(z +2) =0
hay: 3x +y - 7z - 15 =0
Cch 2. Mt phng (P) cha d
2
nn phng trnh c dng:
(2 3 3) ( 3 6) 0 x y x z + + = ,
2 2
0 + >
(2 ) 3 3 (3 6 ) 0 x y z + + + = ,
2 2
0 + >
Vy (P) c vect php ( )
2
2 ;3 ; 3 n = +

Trong phng trnh xc nh d
1
t x =2t ta c z =t - 1, y =t - 2.
Do vect ch phng ca d
1
l ) 1 ; 1 ; 2 (
1
= n v (P) // d
2
nn
1 2
. 0 n n =

( ) 2. 2 1.3 1.3 0 7 0 + + = =
Chn =1 ta c 7 = . Th vo phng trnh xc nh (P) ta c phng
trnh ca (P) cn tm:
9x +3y - 21z - 45=0
hay 3x +y - 7z - 15 =0.
- (P) cha d
2
v (P)// d
1
nn khong cch gia d
1
, d
2
l khong cch t mt im
ca d
1
n (P).
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
67
im M(2; - 1; 0) thuc d
1

Vy khong cch cn tm l

2 2 2
3.2 1 7(0) 15 17
59
3 1 7
d

= =
+ +

Cu I V:
1. (1 +x)
n
=a
0
+a
1
x +a
2
x
2
+....+a
k
x
k
+a
n
x
n
.
H thc ( ) 1 1 ) 1 (
24 9 2
1 1
s s = =
+
n k
a a a
k k k
.

)! 1 ( )! 1 (
!
24
1
)! ( !
!
9
1
)! 1 ( )! 1 (
!
2
1
24 9 2
1 1
+
=
=
+
= =
+
k n k
n
k n k
n
k n k
n
C C C
k
n
k
n
k
n

2.(k - 1)!(n - k +1)!=9.k!(n - k)! =24.(k +1)!(n - k - 1)!

2.(n - k +1)(n - k) =9k (n - k) =24 (k +1)k

=
+
=
+ =
= +
11
8 3
11
2 2
) 1 ( 24 ) ( 9
9 ) 1 ( 2
n
k
n
k
k k n
k k n

tn ti k tho mn h thc (1), iu kin t c v l 3n - 8 =2n +2
n =10
2. Tnh

}
+ = + + =
0
1
2 1
3
2
) 1 ( ( I I dx x e x I
x
, trong : I
1
=
} }

+ =
0
1
0
1
3
2
2
1 ; dx x x I dx xe
x

Tnh
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
} }

dx e xe dx xe I
x x x
0
1
2 2
0
1
2
1
1
0
2
1

=
4
1
4
3
4
1
4
1
2
1
1
0
4
1
2
1
2
2 2 2 2
= + =

e
e e e e
x

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
68
Tnh I
2
=
0 0
3 3
1 1
1 ( 1 1) 1 ( 1) x x dx x x d x

+ = + + +
} }

28
9
1
0
4
) 1 ( 3
7
) 1 ( 3
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
3
4
3
7
0
1
3
1 0
1
3
4
=
(
(
(
+
=
+ + + =
} }

x x
x d x x d x

Vy I =I
1
+I
2
=
28
9
4
1
4
3
2

e
=
7
4
4
3
2

e

Cu V: Gi thit:

2
cos
2
cos
2
cos
2
sin
2
sin
2
sin 8
2
cos
2
cos
2
cos ) 1 cos cos (cos 2
2
cos
2
cos
2
cos 8 ) cos cos cos 3 ( 2
2
cos
2
cos
2
cos
4
1
2
2
cos
2
cos
2
cos
2 2 2
A C C B B A C B A
A C C B B A
C B A
A C C B B A
C B A
A C C B B A C B A

=

= + +

= + + +

= + +

8 sinA sinB sinC =(sinA +sinB)(sinB +sinC)(sinC +sinA)
sinA =sinB =sinC A =B =C (ch cn p dng bt ng thc csi
cho v phi).

S 8

Cu I :
1. y =
( )
( )
2 2
2 1 4
1 1 2
2 1 2 2
x m x m m
m
x
m x m
+ + + + +
+
= + +
+ +
(1)
y' =
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
4
1 2
2
2
x m
x m x m
+
=
+ +

R rng y' lun lun c 2 nghim x
1
, x
2
, = -m v i du qua 2 nghim
hm s lun lun c cc tr vi m. Honh x
1
, x
2
l nghim ca phng
trnh:
(x + m)
2
- 4 = 0 x
1
= -m - 2, x
2
= -m + 2.
Tung y
1
, y
2
ta tnh bng t s
'
'
u
v
:
y
1
=
1 2
2
2 2 1 3 2 2 1 5
,
2 2 2 2
x x
x m x m
y
+ + + +
= = =
Khong cch gia 2 im cc tr M
1
(x
1
; y
2
) v M
2
(x
2
; y
2
) l:
M
1
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
2 1 2 1 2
4 4 32 M x x y y = + = + =

M
1
M
2
= 32 4 2 =
2. Kho st v v th hm s khi m = 0
y =
2
4
2
x x
x
+ +

Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh cos2x + cosx (2tg
2
x - 1) = 2
iu kin: cosx = 0
Vi iu kin y phng trnh cos2x + 2
2
sin
cos 2
cos
x
x
x
=

2
2
sin
2 cos 2 os2 1 2sin
cos
x
x c x x
x
= = +

2
1
2sin 1 1 cos
cos
x x
x
| |
= +
|
\ .

2(1-cos
2
x) (1-cosx) = 1(1+cosx)cosx
(1+cosx) [2 (1-cosx)
2
- cosx] = 0
2
cos 1
2
cos 1
1
cos
2 2 2cos 5cos 2
3
cos 2 (VN)
x
x k
x
x
x k x x
x

=
=

= + =

2. Gii bt phng trnh
1 1
15.2 1 2 1 2
x x x + +
+ > +
t 2
x
= t (t > 0).
Bt phng trnh 30 1 1 2 t t t + > +
i) Nu 1 4 t s s : bt phng trnh 30 1 3 1 t t + >
30t + 1 > 9t
2
- 6t + 1
9t
2
- 36t s 0
t
2
- 4t s 0 0 4 t s s , Suy ra: 1 s t s 4
ii) Nu 0< t <1:
Bt phng trnh tng ng vi 30 1 1 t t + > +
30t +1 > t
2
+ 2t + 1
t
2
- 28t s 0 0 28 t s s . Suy ra: 0 s t s 1

Kt hp hai trng hp i) v ii) ta c:
0 < t s 4 0 < 2
x
s 4 x s 2.
Cu I I I :
1. Gi H l trung im ca BC. Do AABC cn ti A
nn AH BC. Li do mp(ABC) mt phng (BCD)
nn AH mt phng (BCD). Suy ra hai mt phng
trung trc ca BD v CD nhn AH lm giao tuyn.
Do AABC cn ti A nn hai mt phng trung trc ca AB v AC ct H ti O. Vy
O l tm mt cu ngoi tip BCD. Gi R l bn knh mt cu ngoi tip BCD. Gi
R l bn knh mt th R cng lm bn knh ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
Ta c S
AABC
=
2 2
4 4
a b a b
R
R S
=
Trong AABH ta c AH =
2 2 2
2 2 2
4
4 2
b a b
AB BH a

= =
S
AABC
=
2 2
2 2
1 1 4 1
. 4
2 2 2 4
a b
BC AH b b a b
= =
A
O
H
B
D
C
Hnh 31
T d R =
2 2
2 2
2 2
1
4
4. 4
4
a b a
a b
b a b
=

2. a) Xt h:

1
(1)
1 2 1
3 1 0 (2)
2 1 0 (3)
x y z
x z
x y
+
= =
+ =
+ =

T (1) v (2) ta c x =
1
2
, y = -2. Th vo (3):
2.
1
2 1 4 0
2
| |
= =
|
\ .

Suy ra d
1
, d
2
khng giao nhau. Cc vect ch phng ca chng khng song
song nn d
1
, d
2
cho nhau, d
1
c vect ch phng
1
n
= (1;2;1).
Trong phng trnh xc nh d
2
cho x = t ta c
z = 3t + 1 y = -2t + 1
Do d
2
c vect ch phng
2
n
= (1;-2;3).
Ta c
1 2
. n n =

1.1+2 . (-2) + 1 . 3 = 0. Vy d
1,
d
2
vung gc vi nhau.
b) Lp mt phng (P) cha d
1
v song song vi A:
A c vect ch phng
3
n
= (1;4;-2).
(P) c vect php n
= (u;v;t). Suy ra:

1 3
, n n n n

1 3
. 0, . 0 nn nn = =

.
T : 1 . u + 2 . v + 1 . t = 0,1 . u + 4 . v - 2 . t = 0
u = -4t, v =
3
.
2
t
Cho t = 2 ta c u = -8, v = 3. Vy ( ) 8; 6; 2 . n =

D nhn thy im (0 ; -1 ; 0) thuc mt phng (P). vy mt phng (P) c
phng trnh: -8(x - 0) + 2(y+1) + 2(z-0) = 0
Hay: -8x + 3y + 2z + 3 = 0
Lp ng thng d ct d
1
, d
2
v song song vi A
To giao im A ca d
2
v (P) l nghim ca h:

3 1 0
2 1 0
8 3 2 3 0
x z
x y
x y z
+ =
+ =
+ + + =
A (1; -1; 4)
(Rt z, y t hai phng trnh u th vo phng trnh th 3, gii c x).
Trong (P), qua A dng ng thng d // A, khi d c phng trnh chnh tc.

1 1 4
1 4 2
x y z +
= =

T c d l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng: 4x - y - 5 = 0
2x + z - 6 = 0
Suy ra, phng trnh tham s ca d: 5 4
6 2
x t
y t
z t
=
= +

Cu I V:
1. Tham s ca t cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t
nhin m mi s c 6 ch s khc nhau v ch s 2 ng cng ch s 3?
Ta coi cp (2, 3) ch l mt phn t "kp", khi ch c 5 phn t l 0, 1, (2,3),
4, v 5. S hon v ca 5 phn t ny l P
5
, phi loi tr s trng hp phn t 0
tr u gm P
4
trng hp. Ch rng vi phn t kp ta c th giao hon nn s
trng hp s c nhn i, nn s lng cc s t nhin tho mn bi l:
2. (P
5
- P
4
) = 2. (5! - 4!) = 192 s.
2. Tnh I =
1 1
3 2 2 2
0 0
1 1 . x x dx x x xdx } = }
t 1 - x
2
= t dt = -2xdx, xdx = -
1
2
dt
x = 0 t = 1
x = 1 t = 0
I =
( )
1 3 1 1 1
2 2
2
0 0
1 1
1
2 2
t dt t t dt
| |
} = }
|
\ .

=
3 5
1
2 2
0
1 2 2
2 3
t
t
t t
t
=
=
| |
=
|
\ .

Cu V: Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC bit:
4p (p - a) s bc (1)
2
15


2 3 3
sin sin sin
2 2 8
A B C
c

= (2)
(1)
2 2
( )( ) ( )
1 1
a b c b c a b c a
bc bc
+ + + +
s s

2
2 (1 cos ) 1
1 os
2 4
bc A A
c
bc
+
s s

2
3 3
sin sin
2 4 2 2
A A
> > , do 0
2 2
A | |
< <
|
\ .
(3)
Bin i v tri ca h thc (2) nh sau:

1
sin sin sin os os
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C B C B C
c c
+ | |
=
|
\ .

2
1 1 1
sin 1 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A A A A | |
s = +
|
\ .

= -
2
2
1 1 1 1
sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 4
A A A
(
( | |
=
(
|
(
\ .
(

=
2
1 1 1
sin
8 2 2 2
A | |

|
\ .

Do (3), suy ra:

( )
2
8 2 3 1 1 1
sin sin sin 4 2 3
2 2 2 1 1 2 2 8 8
A B C
| |
s =
|
|
\ .

2 3 3
8

=
Du
os 1
2
3
sin
2 2
B C
c
A

=

0
0
120
30
A
B C
=

= =

Nhn xt: Cu IV v cu V l nhng phn "khc mc" ca vn ny.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
80
S 7

Cu I :
1. Kho st v v th hm s
y =
( )
( )
2
2 4 3
2 1
x x
f x
x

=

(Hc sinh t gii).
th (C) nh hnh v 29.
2. Phng trnh.
2x
2
- 4x - 3 +2mx - 1 =0
g(x) =
( )
2
2 4 3
2 1
x x
m
x

=
(1)

g(x) =
f(x), khi x >1
-f(x), khi x <1

T th hm s y =g(x) v phng
trnh (1) suy ra m phng trnh c hai
nghim phn bit.
p s:

Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh: 3 - tgx (tgx +2 sinx) +6cosx =0
iu kin: cosx =0.
Phng trnh 3 -
sinx
cosx
sinx 2sinxcos
cos
x
x
+ | |
|
\ .
+6cosx =0
3cos
2
x - sin
2
x(1+2cosx) +6 cox
3
x =0(cosx = o)
3cos
2
x (1 +2cosx) - sin
2
x (1 +2 cosx) =0
(1 +2cosx) (3cos
2
x - sin
2
x) =0

2
1
cos
2
1
4cos
4
x
x
cos
2
x =
1
4

meR
Hnh 29
y =g(x)
y =g(x)
y

=

f
(
x
)

y

=

f
(
x
)

y =-m
x O 1
y =x - 1
y
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
81

1 +cos2x =
1
2

2x =
2
2
3
k
+ x =
3
k
+ (tho mn iu kin)

2. Gii h phng trnh
log log
2 2 3
y x
x y
xy y
+ =

iu kin: x > 0, x = 1, y >0; y >0, y = 1.

Vi iu kin h tng ng vi

1
log log
2
2 2 3
y x
x y
xy y
+ =
2
1 log (1)
log
2 2 3
y
y
x y
x
x
+ =
+ =

Phng trnh (1) t
2
+t - 2 =0 (t =log
y
x)

2
1
1
2
x y
t
x t
y
=
=

= =

Kt hp vi phng trnh (2)
Nu y =x, phng trnh (2) 2
x
=
2
3 3
log
2 2
x =
Nu x =
2
1
y
, phng trnh (2) 2
y

2
1
2 3
y
+ = (y >0, y = 1).
Ta chng minh phng trnh ny v nghim. Tht vy:
Nu y >1 th
2
2
1
1
1
0
2 2 2
2 2 3
2 2 1
y
y y
y
> =
+ >
> =

Nu 0 <y <1 th
2
2
0
1
1
1
2 2 1
2 2 3
2 2 2
y
y y
y
> =
+ >
> =

Kt lun: h c nghim duy nht: x =y =
2
3
log
2
.

cos2x=
1
2

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
82
Cu I I I :
1. Gi M (x
o
; y
o
). N(x
1
; y
1
) l hai im thuc (P), khi ta c x
o
=
2 2
1 1
,
o
y x y = v
IM
=(x
o
; y
o
- 2) =
( )
2
; 2
o o
y y
( ) ( )
2
1 1 1 1
; 2 ; 2 IN x y y y = =

( )
2
1 1
4 4 ;4 8 IN y y =

Theo gi thuyt:

4 IM IN =

suy ra:

2 2
0 1
0 1
4 (1)
2 4 8 (2)
y y
y y
=

T (2) suy ra y
o
=2(2y
1
- 3) . Th vo (1) c:
4(2y
1
- 3)
2
=
2
1
4y
1 1 1
1 1 1
2 3 3
2 3 1
y y y
y y y
= =

= =

Vi y
1
=1 ta c x
1
=1, y
o
=-2, x
o
=4.
Vy ta c cp im M(4; -2), N(1; 1).
Vi y
1
=3 ta c x
1
=9, y
o
=6
,
x
o
=36.
Vy ta c mt cp im na l M(36; 6), N(9;3).
2. ( ) ( ) 4; 4; 4 4 1; 1; 1 AB = =
.
( ) 2;10; 8 2(1;5; 4) CD = =
.
Gi l gc gia hai ng thng AB v CD, ta c:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1; 1; 1 . 1;5;4 1.1 1.5 1. 4
os 0
1; 1; 1 . 1;5; 4
1 1 1 1 5 4
c

= = =

+ + + +

=90
0
.
Ta c AC =
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 7 1 59; 1 3 7 59 AD + + = = + + = .
AACD cn ti A.
T gi M l trung im ca
CD ta c AM CD, BM CD. Do
chi vi tam gic ABM l p =AB +AM
+BM nh nht khi AM +BM nh
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
83
nht (V AB khng i), tc l khi M
l trung im ca CD.
3. Gi H l trung im ca BC. V
AABC cn ti A( (AB =AC =a) nn AH
BC do gc BAC =120
0
suy ra gc
ACH =30
0
.
Ta c AH =AC sin gc ACH =a sin 30
0
=
2
a
.

BC =2HC =2acos30
0
=2a.
3
3
2
a = .
Do
2 2
2 2 2
13
' ' 3 .
4 4
a a
IB IC a = = + =
AA'B'B l hnh vung cnh a nn AB' =a 2.
AI
2
=IC
2
+AC
2
=
2 2
2
5
.
4 4
a a
a + =
Ta c AI
2
+
2 2
2 2 2
5 13
' 2 ' .
4 4
a a
AB a IB = + = = Vy AAB'I vung ti A.
Ta c
2
'
1 1 5 10
. ' . . 2
2 2 2 4
AB I
a a
S AI AB a
A
= = = .

2
1 1 3
. . 3.
2 2 2 4
ABC
a a
S BC AH a
A
= = = .
Gi l gc gia hai mt phng (ABC) v (AB'I) ta c
cos
2
2
'
3
3 30
4
10 10 10
4
ABC
AB I
a
S
S a
A
= = = =
Cu I V:
1. C bao nhiu s t nhin chia ht cho 5 m mi s c 4 ch s khc nhau?
Mi s t nhin bao gm 4 ch s khc nhau ng vi mt chnh hp chp 4
ca 10 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 9 ngoi tr cc chnh hp chp 4 c ch s 0 ng u.
s chia ht cho 5 iu kin cn v l ch s cui phi l 0 hoc 5.
B'
C'
C B
H
a
a
A'
A
Hnh 30
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
84
Khi ch s 5 ng cui, ba ch s ng trc ng vi mt chnh hp chp
3 ca 9 ch s cn li ngoi tr cc s trong ca chng c ch 0 ng u, do
cc s ny gm
3 2
9 8
A A s.
Vy s lng cc s t nhin tho mn ra l

3 3 2
9 9 8
2.9.8.7 8.7 17.56 A A A + = = =

2. Tnh I =
4 4
2
0 0
1 os2 2 os
x x
dx dx
c x c x

} = }
+

= ( )
4 4
4
0
0 0
1 1
2 2
xd tgx xtgx tgxdx

| |
|
} = }
|
|
\ .

=
4
4
0
0
1 1 sin 1
. 1 cos
2 2 2 cos 8 2
xdx
n x
x

} = +

=
1 1 1 1
1 1 2 1 2
8 2 8 2 8 4 2
n n n

+ = =

Cu V:
Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s:
y =sin
5
x + 3 cosx
Tm max y: y =sin
5
x +
4
3cos sin 3cos x x x s + (1)
Ta chng minh sin
4
x + 3cos 3, x x R s e (2)
Hay chng minh ( )
4
3 1 cos sin 0 x x >
( ) ( )
2
2
3 1 ox 1 os 0 c c x >
( ) ( )( )
2
1 osx 3 1 cos 1 cos 0 c x x
(
+ + >

Ta c theo bt ng thc Csi:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
1 1 4 32
1 osx . 1 cos 1 osx 2 2cos 1 cos
2 2 3 27
c x c x x
| |
+ + = + s =
|
\ .
< 3
952
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
85
Vy bt ng thc (3) ng Bt ng thc (2) ng y 3, x s , du
ng thc c khi cosx =1, tc x =2 . Vy max y = 3.
tm min y, ta c y =sin
5
x +
4
3cos sin 3cos , x x x > + ri tng t
nh trn ta c min y = 3, t c khi x = 2k + .

S 13

Cu I :
1. Bn c t gii.
2. Ta c y =4x
3
- 4m
2
x =0 4x(x
2
- m
2
) =0
2 2
0
(*)
x
x m
=

th hm s c ba cc tr th pt (*) c hai nghim phn bit khc 0
0 m =
Khi honh ca ba im cc tr l x
1
=0; x
2
=m; x
3
=-m.
ta ca ba im cc tr l: A(0;1); B(m;-m
4
+1); C(-m; -m
4
+1)
Ta c:

4 4
2 8
2 8
( ; ), ( ; ) AB m m AC m m
AB m m
AC m m
= =
= +
= +

Hay tam gic ABC lun cn ti A.
Vy ABC vung cn th . 0 AB AC ABAC =

-m
2
+m
8
=0
0
1
m
m
=

Kt hp k suy ra m= 1
Cu I I :
1. Gii pt: 4(sin
3
x +cos
3
x) =cosx +3sinx
Vi cosx = 0: khng tha mn pt.
Vi cosx 0: chia hai v cho cos
3
x ta c: 4tan
3
x +4 =1 +tan
2
x +3tanx(1 +
tan
2
x)
tan
3
x tan
2
x -3tanx +3 =0(tanx 1)(tan
2
x 3) =0
tan 1
4
,
tan 3
3
x k
x
k
x
x k
= +
=
e
=

= +

2. Gii bt phng trnh:
2 2 2
2 2
4
2
log [log ( 2 )]<0 log ( 2 ) 1 2 2
2 2 (*)
x x x x x x x x x
x x x
+ + > + >
>

Gii (*): k:
2
0
2 0
1
2
x
x x
x
s
>

>

Trng hp 1: nu x > 2 bpt lun tha mn vi mi x tha mn k nn x > 2
Trng hp 2:
nu
2 2 2
4 4
2:(*) 2 4 4 3 4 0
1 1 2
x x
x x x x x x x
x x
< <
s > + + >

> < s

Vy tp nghim ca bpt l S =( ; 4) (1; ) +
Cu I I I :
1. Gi tm ng trn l I(a;b). Ta c:
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
( 1) ( 1) (1)
1 2
( ;( ))
(2)
2
a b a b
IA IO
a b
IO d I d
a b
+ + = +
=

+
=
+ =

(1) b=a +1 th vo (2): a
2
+(a +1)
2
=1 2a
2
+2a =0
0, 1
1, 0
a b
a b
= =
= =

Vi I(0;1), R = 1 suy ra pt ng trn l: x
2
+(y 1)
2
=1
Vi I(-1;0), R = 1 suy ra pt ng trn l: (x +1)
2
+y
2
=1

2. a) Ta c: C(2; 0; 0), B
1
(1; 0; 2), D
1
(0; 1; 2)
1 1
(0;1;0), ( 1;0; 2) [BC; ]=( 2;0;1) BC BA n BA = = =

Phng trnh mp(A
1
BC): 2 2 0 x z + =
Gi () l mp cha B
1
D
1
v vung gc vi (A
1
BC)
Ta c:
1 1
1 1 1 1
( 1;1;0), ( 2;0;1) [ ; ] (1;1; 2)
ABD ABD
BD n n BD n = = = =

Vy ptmp() l: 2 1 0 x y z + + =
Suy ra pt hnh chiu ca B
1
D
1
ln (P) l giao tuyn
ca hai mt phng:

2 1 0
2 2 0
x y z
x z
+ + =
+ =

nn ng thng B
1
D
1
c phng trnh:
1
2 2
x t
y t
z t
= +
= +

b) rng mf i qua A v vung gc vi A
1
C
th cha AC
1
, do tam gic AA
1
C vung cn. Mf ny
ct BB
1
, CC
1
ti cc trung im E, F.
AE ct A
1
B ti J, AF ct A
1
D ti K. Thit din l tam gic IJ K.
Cu I V:
1.
2 3
2
0
0 0 0
1 os2x
sin | cos2 .
2 4 2 4 2
c x
V x xdx x dx x xdx I

= = = =
} } }

Ta tnh I:
B
1
D
D
1
C
1
A
1
B
C
A
B
1
D
D
1
C
1
A
1
B
C
A
K
J
I
F
E
t
0 0
0
sin2 sin2 os2x
| | 0
sin2
os2xdx 2 2 4
2
du dx
u x
x x c
I x dx
x
dv c v

=
=
= = =

= =
}

Vy V =
3
4
(vtt)
2. Theo gi thit, ta c:
7 3
2 ( , 7)
! !
2. ( 3)( 4)( 5)( 6) 2.7.6.5.4
( 7)!.7! ( 3)!.3!
n n
C C n n
n n
n n n n
n n
= e >
= =

Cu V:
T h phng trnh
x - my =2 - 4m
mx +y =3m +1
ta c:
Ta c:
2 2 2
1 - m 2 - 4m - m 1 2 - 4m
D = 1 , D 3 3 2, D 4 1
m 1 3m +1 1 m 3m +1
x y
m m m m m = + = = + = = + +
0, D m = H lun lun c nghim duy nht:

2
2
2
2
3 3 2
1
4 1
1
m m
x
m
m m
y
m
+
=
+ +
+

2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 2 4 1 3 3 2
2 2.
1 1 1
3 1 3 3 1
3 4 2 3
1 1 1
3 1 9 6 1 3 6 9 3 1
9 6. 16 8. 2 3
1 (1 ) 1 (1 ) 1
m m m m m m
A x y x
m m m
m m m
m m m
m m m m m m m
m m m m m
| | | | + + + +
= + = + =
| |
+ + +
\ . \ .
+ + | | | | | |
= + + =
| | |
+ + +
\ . \ . \ .
| | | | + + + + +
= + + + +
| |
+ + + + +
\ . \ .
2
2 2 2 2
10( 1) 4 28 4 18
19 19
(1 ) 1 1
m m m
m m m
| |
=
|
\ .
+ + +
= + =
+ + +

t
2
2
4 18
4 18 0 (*)
1
m
y ym m y
m
+
= + =
+

+y =0: (*) c nghim.
+y = 0: Phng trnh c nghim khi ch khi: ' A =4 - y(y - 18) > 0
y
2
-18y - 4 s 0 9 - 85 s y s 9 + 85 - 9 - 85 s - y s - 9 + 85
28 - 85 s 19 - y s 28 + 85.
Vy, maxA = 28 + 85.

S 19

CU I.
1. Khao sat vaveoth
+ +
=
+
2
x x 1
y (C)
x 1

MX: { } D R\ 1 = .
( )
+
= = + = = =
+
2
2
2
x 2x
y' ,y' 0 x 2x 0 x 0,x 2
x 1

BBT
x -2 -1 0 +
y'
+ 0 - - 0 +
y

-3 +

1
+

Tiem can:
x 1 = laphng trnh tiem can ng
y x = laphng trnh tiem can xien

2. Phng trnh tiep tuyen A qua
( ) M 1,0 ( hesogoc k ) codang
A: ( ) y k x 1 = +
A tiep xuc vi ( ) C hept sau co
nghiem
( )
( )
+ +
= +
2
2
2
x x 1
k x 1
x 1
x 2x
k
x 1

phng trnh hoanh otiep iem la
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
x 2x x 1
x x 1
x 1
x 1
+ +
+ +
=
+
+

x 1 =
3
k
4
=
Vay pt tiep tuyen Avi ( ) C qua ( ) M 1,0 la: ( )
3
y x 1
4
= +
CAU II.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
131
1. Giai hept : ( )
2x y 1 x y 1
I
3x 2y 4
+ + + =
+ =

( )
( ) ( )
2x y 1 x y 1
I
2x y 1 x y 5
+ + + =

+ + + + =

at = + + > = + > u 2x y 1 0,v x y 0
(I) thanh
( )
= = =

= =
+ =

1 1
2 2
2 2
u v 1 u 2 v 1
u 1 v 2 loai
u v 5

Vay ( )
2x y 1 2
I
x y 1
+ + =

+ =

2x y 1 4 x 2
x y 1 y 1
+ + = =

+ = =

2. Phng trnh
| | t
=
|
\ .
3
2 2cos x 3cosx sinx 0.
4

3
2cos x 3cosx sinx 0
4
t ( | |
=
| (
\ .

( )
+ =
+ + + =
3
3 3 2 2
cosx sinx 3cosx sinx 0
cos x sin x 3cos xsinx 3cosxsin x 3cosx sinx 0 (*)

- cosx =0 sinx = 1: Tha phng trnh. Do
t
= + t x k
2
lnghim.
- cosx = 0: Chia 2 v (*) cho cos
3
x:
+ + + =
t
= = + t
3 2 2 3
1 tan x 3tanx 3tan x 3 3tan x tanx tan x 0
tanx 1 x k
4

Vy, nghim ca phng trnh l:
t
= + t x k
2
,
t
= + t x k
4
.
CAU III
1. ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
C x y 12x 4y 36 0 x 6 y 2 4 + + = + = .
Vay (C) cotam
( )
I 6;2 vaR =2
V ng tron ( )
1
C tiep xuc vi 2 truc Ox, Oy nen tam
1
I nam tren 2 ng
thang y x = . V (C) cotam ( ) I 6,2 , R =2 nen tam
1
I (x; x)vi x >0.
1
TH : Tam
1
I e ng thang y =x
( )
I x;x , ban knh =
1
R x.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
132
( )
1
C tiep xuc ngoai vi (C) = +
1 1
I I R R ( ) ( ) + = +
2 2
x 6 x 2 2 x
( ) ( ) + = + + + =
2 2
2 2
x 6 x 2 4 4x x x 16x 4x 36 0
+ = = =
2
x 20x 36 0 x 2hayx 18. ng vi = =
1 1
R 2hayR 18
Co2 ng tron la: ( ) ( )
2 2
x 2 y 2 4 + =
( ) ( )
2 2
x 18 y 18 18 + =
2
TH : Tam
1
I e ng thang ( ) y x I x, x = ; =
1
R x
Tng tnh tren, ta cox=6
Co1 ng tron la( ) ( )
2 2
x 6 y 6 36 + + =
Tom lai ta co3 ng tron tha:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
+ =
+ =
+ + =
2 2
2 2
2 2
x 2 y 2 4;
x 18 y 18 18;
x 6 y 6 36

2. a) Tgiac OABC lahnh chnhat =

OC AB B(2,4,0)
* oan OB cotrung iem la ( ) H 1,2,0 . H chnh latam ng tron ngoai tiep
tam giac vuong OBC. V A, O, C cung nhn SB di mot goc vuong nen trung
iem I ( 1; 2; 2 ) latam mat cau vaban knh R = = + + =
1 1
SB 4 16 16 3
2 2
,
Vay phng trnh mat cau la( ) ( ) + + =
2 2
2
x 1 y 2 (z 2) 9
b) ( ) SC 0,4, 4 =
chon ( ) 0,1, 1 lavc t ch phng cua SC.

Pt tham song thang (SC):
x 0
y t
z 4 t
=

Mp (P) qua ( ) A 2,0,0 vavuong goc vi SC cophng trnh la:

( )
+ = = 0 x 2 y z 0 y z 0
Thex, y, z (1) vo phng trnh (P), ta cot =2 vasuy ra
( )
M 0;2;2
Goi ( )
1
A x,y,z laiem oi xng vi A qua SC. CoM latrung iem cua
1
AA
nen:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
133

+ = =

+ = =

+ = =

2 x 2.0 x 2
0 y 2.2 y 4
0 z 2.2 z 4
Vay ( )
1
A 2,4,4 .
CAU IV:
1. Tnh
7
3
0
x 2
I dx
x 1
+
=
+
}

at
3 2 3
t x 1 x t 1 dx 3t dt = + = =

3
x 2 t 1 + = + . oi can t( 0) =1 ; t (7 ) =2.
Vay
( )
( )
2 3 2
5 2
2 2
4
1 1
1
t 1 3t
t t 231
I dt 3 t t dt 3
t 5 2 10
+
(
= = + = + =
(

} }

2. Ta co ( )
+
+ +
+ + + + +
+ = + + + + +
2n 1
0 1 2 2 3 3 2n 1 2n 1
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
1 x C C x C x C x ... C x
Cho x 1 = Ta co
2n 1 0 1 2 3 4 2n 1
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
2 C C C C C ... C
+ +
+ + + + + +
= + + + + + + (1)
Cho x 1 = Ta co
0 1 2 3 4 2n 1
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
0 C C C C C ... C
+
+ + + + + +
= + + (2)
Lay (1) - (2)
2n 1 1 3 5 2n 1
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
2 2 C C C ... C
+ +
+ + + +
(
= + + + +

2n 1 3 5 2n 1 10
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
2 C C C ... C 1024 2
+
+ + + +
= + + + + = = . Vay 2n=10
Ta co( ) ( ) ( )
10
10 k k
k 10 k
10
k 0
2 3x 1 C 2 3x
=
=

Suy ra hesocua
7
x la
7 7 3
10
C 3 .2 hay
3 7 3
10
C 3 .2
CAU V: Ta co:
3
4
3
x x x x
1 x 1 4
3 3 3 3
+ = + + + >

3
4
3 3
y y y y y
1 1 4
x 3x 3x 3x 3 .x
+ = + + + >
( )
3
4 3
9 3 3 3 3
1 1 4
y y y y
y
+ = + + + >
2
6
4
3
9 3
1 16
y y
| |
+ >
|
|
\ .

Vay ( )
| |
| |
+ + + > =
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
2
3 3 6
4
3 3 3 3
y 9 x y 3
1 x 1 1 256 256
x y 3 3.x y
.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
142
S 22

CAU I
1. Khao sat ( )
3 2
y x 2m 1 x m 1 = + + khi m=1
Khi m =1 th
3 2
y x 3x 2 = +
MX: D=R
( ) = + = + = = =
2
y' 3x 6x 3x x 2 ,y' 0 x 0hayx 2
y'' 6x 6,y'' 0 x 1 = + = =
BBT
x 0 2 +
y'
- 0 + -
y
+ 2

-2
th:

2. Tm m e( )
m
C tiep xuc vi ( ) y 2mx m 1 d =
(d) tiep xuc vi ( )
m
C
( )
( )
+ + =

+ + =
3 2
2
x 2m 1 x m 1 2mx m 1
3x 2 2m 1 x 2m
conghiem
( )
( )
= v + + =

+ + =
2
2
x 0 x 2m 1 x 2m
3x 2 2m 1 x 2m
conghiem
1 3 1 3 +
1
x
y
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
143
( )
( ) ( )
+ + =
= v

+ + = + +
2
2 2
x 2m 1 x 2m
m 0
3x 2 2m 1 x x 2m 1 x
conghiem
( )
( )
+ + =
= v

+ =
2
2
x 2m 1 x 2m
m 0
2x 2m 1 x 0
conghiem
( )
+ + =
= v

+
=
2
x 2m 1 x 2m
m 0
2m 1
x
2
conghiem
( )
| | +
= v + + =
|
\ .
2
2 2m 1 1
m 0 2m 1 2m
2 2
= v =
1
m 0 m
2

CAU II:
1. Giai bt phng trnh: 2x 7 5 x 3x 2 + > (1)
ieu kien:
+ >
> s s
>
2x 7 0
2
5 x 0 x 5
3
3x 2 0

(1) + > + 2x 7 3x 2 5 x
( )( ) + > + + 2x 7 3x 2 5 x 2 3x 2 5 x
( )( ) > 2 3x 2 5 x + >
2
3x 17x 14 0
s v s
14
x 1 x
3

Kt hp vi iu kin, ta c nghim: s s v s s
2 14
x 1 x 5
3 3

2. Giai phng trnh
3 sinx
tg x 2
2 1 cosx
t | |
+ =
|
+
\ .
(2)
(2)
sinx cosx sinx
cotgx 2 2
1 cosx sinx 1 cosx
+ = + =
+ +

2 2
cosx cos x sin x 2sinx 2sinxcosx + + = + va = sinx 0
( ) ( ) + = + cosx 1 2sinx cosx 1 va = sinx 0
= 2sinx 1
t
= + t x k2
6
hay
t
= + t
5
x k2
6
.
Ghi chu: Khi sinx = 0 th cos x = 1
CAU III.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
144
1. ng tron (C) cotam ( ) I 2,3 , R =5
( ) ( )
M M M M M M
M x ,y d 2x y 3 0 y 2x 3 e + = = +
( ) ( )
2 2
M M
IM x 2 y 3 10 = + =
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
M M M M
M M
M M
x 2 2x 3 3 10 5x 4x 96 0
x 4 y 5 M 4, 5
24 63 24 63
x y M ,
5 5 5 5
+ + = =
= =
| |
= =
|
\ .

2. a) V ( ) ( )
1 1
AA Oxy A 2,0,4
( ) ( )
1 1
BB Oxy B 0,4,4
Viet pt mat cau (S) qua O, A, B, O
1
:
Gi s phng trnh mt cu (S):
2 2 2
x y z 2ax 2by 2cz d 0 + + + =
V ( ) O S d 0 e =
V ( ) A S 4 4a 0 a 1 e = =
V ( ) B S 16 8b 0 b 2 e = =
V ( )
1
O S 16 8c 0 c 2 e = =
Vay (S) cotam I(1; 2; 2)
Ta co
2 2 2 2
d a b c R = + +

2
R 1 4 4 9 = + + =
Vay phng trnh mat cau (S) la: ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
x 1 y 2 z 2 9 + + =
b) Tnh KN.
Ta co
( )
M 1;2;0 ,
( )
=
1
O A 2;0; 4
mf(P) qua M vuong goc vi
1
O A nen nhan
1
O A
hay (1;0; -2) lam vc t php

tuyn.
phng trnh (P): ( ) ( ) + = 1 x 1 0 y 2 2(z 0) 0
= x 2z 1 0
Phng trnh tham soca ng thng (OA) la
=
x t
y 0
z 0

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
145
Thevao phng trnh (P):
( ) ( )
= = = t 1 0 t 1 OA P N 1;0;0

Vi
( )
=
1
OA 2;0;4 nn a
=(1;0;2) lavc t ch phng ca (

1
OA ). Suy ra phng
trnh tham soca ng thng (
1
OA ) la:
=
x t
y 0
z 2t

Thevao phng trnh (P): = =
1
t 4t 1 0 t
3

( )
1
1 2
OA P K ,0,
3 3
| |
=
|
\ .

Vay ( )
2 2
2 1 2 20 20 2 5
KN 1 0 0 0
3 3 9 3 3
| | | |
= + + + + = = =
| |
\ . \ .

CAU IV:
1. Tnh
3 2
e
1
ln x
I dx
x lnx 1
=
+
}

at t lnx 1 = +
2
dx
t lnx 1 2tdt
x
= + = va
2
t 1 lnx =
oi can: = =
3
t(e ) 2; t(1) 1
( )
+
= = = +
+
} } }
3 2 4 2
e 2 2
4 2
1 1 1
ln x t 2t 1
I dx 2tdt 2 t 2t 1dt
t x lnx 1
(
= + =
(

2
5 3
1
t 2t 76
2 t
5 3 15

2.
k
2005
C ln nhat
k k 1
2005 2005
k k 1
2005 2005
C C
C C
+
>
>
k N e
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2005! 2005!
k! 2005 k ! k 1! 2004 k !
k 1 2005 k
2005! 2005! 2006 k k
k! 2005 k ! k 1! 2006 k !
>
+
+ >

>
>

k 1002
1002 k 1003,k N
k 1003
>
s s e

= = k 1002hayk 1003
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
146
CAU V: Tm m ehephng trnh sau conghiem:
( )
+ + + +
+ s
+ + + >
2x x 1 2 x 1
2
7 7 2005x 2005(1)
x m 2 x 2m 3 0(2)

ieu kien la > x 1. Ta co | |
+ + + +
s e
2x x 1 2 x 1
7 7 0, x 1;1.
Ta co: (1)
( )
( ) | |
+
s e
x 1 2x 2
7 7 7 2005 1 x : ung x 1;1 vasai khi x >1
Do o(1) 1 x 1 s s .
Vay, hebpt conghiem ( ) ( ) = + + + >
2
f x x m 2 x 2m 3 0 conghiem | | 1,1 e
[ 1;1]
max ( ) f x
0 >
{ }
+ > max f( 1),f(1),f(m 2) 0
{ }
> max f( 1),f(1) 0
{ }
+ + > max 3m 6,m 2 0 > m 2.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
152
S 24

Cu I :
1. Kho st hm s (Bn c t gii)
2. Yu cu ca bi ton 4 <m
2
+2m +5 <5 - 2 <m <0 v m = 1
Cu I I :
1. Pt cho tng ng: cos3x4cos
3
x - sin3x 4sin
3
x =
2 3 2
2
+

cos3x(cos3x +3cosx) - sin3x (3sinx - sin3x) =
2 3 2
2
+

cos
2
3x +sin
2
3x +3(cos3xcosx - sin3xsinx) =
3 2
1
2
+
cos4x =
2
2

2. Khi y =0 h cho tr thnh:
2
2
1 0
( 1)( 2) 0
x
x x
+ =
+ =
: V nghim
Khi 0 y= , chia tng v ca h cho y:

2
2
2
2 2
1
2 2
1
1 1
1 2 0
( 2) 1 2 1
x
y x
x
x y y
y
x x x
y x y x
y
+
+ + = +
= + =

+ + =

+ = + =

2
1 2 1
2 1
x x x
y y x
= v = =

= = +

hoc
2
5
x
y
=

Cu I I I :
1. Ta c:

' (0;2; 2), ' ( 2;2;2) ' . ' 0
(2;0;0) ' . 0
A C BC A C BC
AB A C AB
= = =
= =

' A C
l vc t php tuyn ca mf(ABC')

Phng trnh mf(ABC'): y - z =0
2. Ta c ' ' ( 2;2;0). B C BC = =

Gi (P) l mf cha B'C' v vung gc mf(ABC'). Khi hnh chiu ca B'C' trn
mf(ABC') l giao tuyn ca (P) v mf(ABC').
(P) c vc t php tuyn B'C', ' ( 4; 4; 4)
P
n A C
(
= =

Suy ra phng trnh (P) l x +y +z - 4 =0.
Hnh chiu ca ng thng B'C' trn mf(ABC') c vc t ch phng:
P N D 1 TON A 2006
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
153
' , ( 16;8;8)
P
u A C n
(
= =

hay ' (2; 1; 1) u =
v i qua im M(4; 0; 0) .
Suy ra phng trnh hnh chiu ca ng thng B'C' trn mf(ABC') l:

4
2 1 1
x y z
= =

Cu I V:
1. t 4 1 t x = +
2
1
4
t
x

= ,
2
tdt
dx=
Suy ra I =
5
5 5 5
2 2
3 3 3 3
( 1 1) 1 3 1
ln( 1) ln
( 1) 1 ( 1) 1 2 12
t dt dt dt
t
t t t t
+ (
= = + + =
(
+ + + +

} } }

2. t A = x
2
+xy +y
2
, B =x
2
- xy - 3y
2
.
Nu y = 0 th A =B =x
2
3 s . Do 4 3 3 0 3 4 3 3 B < s s < (pcm)
Nu y = 0 th t x = ty, ta c: B = A.
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 3
.
1
x xy y t t
A
x xy y t t

=
+ + + +

t
2
2
3
1
t t
u
t t

=
+ +
th
3 4 3 3 4 3
3 3
u
+
s s (Tm tp gi tr ca u)
V 0 3 A < s v B =A.u nn 4 3 3 4 3 3 B s s
Cu Va:
1. (E):
2 2
1
12 2
x y
+ = c hai tiu im
1 2
( 10;0), ( 10;0) F F
(H) c cng tiu im vi (E) (H):
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
= , vi a
2
+b
2
=c
2
=10.
(H) c hai tim cn 2 2 2
b b
y x x b a
a a
= = = = .
Suy ra a
2
=2, b
2
=8 (H):
2 2
1
2 8
x y
=
2. Ta c:
( )
100
2 0 100 1 99 2 99 198 100 200
100 100 100 100
0 100 1 101 99 199 100 200
100 100 100 100
... .
...
x x C x C x x C xx C x
C x C x C x C x
+ = + + + + =
= + + + +

o hm hai v:
( ) ( )
99
2 0 99 1 100 99 198 100 199
100 100 100 100
100 1 2 100 101 ... 199 200 x x x C x C x C x C x + + = + + + +
Cho x =-
1
2
:
99 100 198 199
0 1 99 100
100 100 100 100
99 100 198 199
0 1 99 100
100 100 100 100
1 1 1 1
0 100 101 ... 199 200
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
0 100 101 ... 199 200
2 2 2 2
C C C C
C C C C
| | | | | | | |
= + + + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
| | | | | | | |
= + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

P N D 1 TON A 2006
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
154
Nhn hai v vi - 1:

99 100 198 199
0 1 99 100
100 100 100 100
1 1 1 1
0 100 101 ... 199 200
2 2 2 2
C C C C
| | | | | | | |
= + +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

Cu Vb:
1. Gii bt phng trnh
1
log ( 2 ) 2 (1)
x
x
+
>
K: - 1 <x <0
T K suy ra 0 < x + 1 < 1
Bpt
2 2 2
2 ( 1) 2 1 4 1 0
2 3 2 3
x x x x x x
x x
< + = + + + + >
< v > +

Nhng - 1 <x <0 nn 2 3 0 x + < <
2. Gi O l tm ca hnh thoi ABCD,
S l im i xng ca A qua A'.
Khi S, M, D thng hng v M
l trung im ca SD; S, N, B
thng hng v N l tung im ca SB.
Tam gic BAD c AB =AD =a, ZBAD =60
0
nn u
3
2
a
AO =
AC =2AO = 3 a =SA
CC' =
3
2
a
=AO.
Hai tam gic vung SAO v ACC' bng nhau. Suy ra ZSAO = ZCAC'
' (1) AC SO
Do , ' ( ' ') ' (2) BD AC BD AA BD mf ACC A BD AC
T (1) v (2) suy ra ' ( ) AC mf BDMN
Do :
2 3
3 3 1 1 3 3
. . 3
4 4 3 4 4 16
ABDMN SABD ABD
a a
V V SAS a = = = = .

S
M D'
C'
B'
N
A'
D
C
B
A
O
P N D 1 TON A 2006
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
155
S 25

Cu I :
2. ng thng d i qua A(0; 2) c phng trnh dng: y = kx + 2
d tip xc (C) khi ch khi h sau c nghim:

4
2
3
2 2 2
2
2 4
x
x kx
x x k
+ = +

Thay k phng trnh th hai vo phng trnh th nht, suy ra 3x
4
- 8x
2
=0
8
0,
3
x x = = .
+Khi x =0 th k =0, ta c phng trnh tip tuyn l y =2.
+Khi
8
3
x= th k =
8 2
3 3
, ta c phng trnh tip tuyn l y =
8 2
3 3
x +2.
Cu I I :
1. Phng trnh tng ng vi:
2
3sin2 os2x +sin4x +1 =0 2 2sinxcosx +4sinx +2sin 0 x c x =
sinx( 3 os +sinx +2) 0 c x =
sinx =0
3 osx +sinx +2 =0 c

x =k
7
x= 2
6
k

2. H phng trnh cho tng vi:
3 3
2 2
2(4 ) (1)
x 3 6 (2)
x y x y
y
= +
3 3 3 3 2 2
2 2 2 2
3( ) 6(4 ) 3( ) (x 3 )(4 ) (3)
x 3 6 x 3 6 (4)
x y x y x y y x y
y y
= + = +

= =

(3)
3 2 2
0
12 0 3
4
x
x x y xy x y
x y
=
+ = =

- x =0 - 3y
2
=6 : V nghm
- x =3y 9y
2
- 3y
2
=6 Hai nghim (3; 1), (- 3; - 1).
- x =- 4y 16y
2
- 3y
2
=6 Hai nghim
6 6 6 6
4 ; , 4 ;
13 13 13 13
| | | |

| |
| |
\ . \ .
.
Cu I I I :
1. To giao im ca ng thng AB v mt phng ( ):
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
156
ng thng (AB) l giao tuyn hai mt phng:
4
0
x y
z
+ =

To giao im ca (AB) v mt phng ( ) l nghim ca h:

4
0
3 2 4 0
x y
z
x y z
+ =
+ + =

Suy ra to giao im M(- 12; 16; 0).
2. V I l trung im ca AB nn I(2; 2; 0). Gi K(x; y; z) th KI
cng phng
vi vc t php tuyn n
ca mt phng ( ) v KO =d(K, ( )) (1)

Phng trnh (KI):
2 3
2 2
x t
y t
z t
= +
= +
(2)
(1)
2 2 2
3 2 4
14
x y z
x y z
+ +
+ + = (3)
Thay (2) vo (3) suy ra
3
4
t =
1 1 3
; ;
4 2 4
K
| |
|
\ .
.
Cu I V:
1. Phng trnh cho bit honh giao im
2
3 2 1 1, 2. x x x x x + = + = =
2
3 2 1 1 2. x x x x + s + s s
Do , din tch hnh phng S =
2
2
1
1
2 1 ( 3)
6
x x x dx ( + + =
}

2. Chng minh bt ng thc:
Chng minh rng:

9 9 9 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 4
x x x x y z
x y z y z x z x y + + +
+ +
+ + >
+ + +
, trong 3 3 3 1
x y z
+ + =
t a = 3
x
, b =3
y
, c =3
z
.
Theo gi thit a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 v ab +bc +ca =abc (1)
Bt ng thc cn chng minh tng ng:
2 2 2
4
a b c a b c
a bc b ac c ab
+ +
+ + >
+ + +

3 3 3
2 2 2
4
a b c a b c
a abc b abc c abc
+ +
+ + >
+ + +
(2)
Thay abc (2) vo (1):
3 3 3
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 4
a b c a b c
a b a c b c b a c a c b
+ +
+ + >
+ + + + + +

Theo Cauchy:
3 3
3
3
3
( )( ) 8 8 64 4
a a b a c a a
a b a c
+ +
+ + > =
+ +
(3)
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
157

3 3
3
3
3
( )( ) 8 8 64 4
b b c b a b b
b c b a
+ +
+ + > =
+ +
(4)

3 3
3
3
3
( )( ) 8 8 64 4
c c a c b c c
c a c b
+ +
+ + > =
+ +
(5)
Cng tng v cc bt ng thc trn ta c pcm.
Cu Va:
1. Tm to A, B, C.
V ACBH nn c h s gc bng - 1 nn h s gc ca AC bng 1.
V M(1; 1) thuc AC nn phng trnh AC: y =(x - 1) +1 hay y =x.
To A(x;y) l nghim ca h:
4 2 0
2 2 2
;
3 3 3
x y
x y A
y x
=
| |
= =
|
=
\ .

V M l trung im AC nn
8 8
;
3 3
C
| |
|
\ .
.
Cnh BC//d v quaC nn phng trnh (BC):
8 8
4 0 4 8 0
3 3
x y x y
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

To B(x;y) l nghim ca h: ( )
3 0
4;1
4 8 0
x y
B
x y
+ + =

.
2. Gi s cn tm l
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1 0 4 3 2 1 0
.10 .10 .10 .10 n a a a aa a a a a a = = + + + + .
Suy ra c 4 cch chn
4
a ,
c 4 cch chn
3
a ,
c 3 cch chn
2
a ,
c 2 cch chn
1
a ,
c 1 cch chn
0
a .
Nh th c 4.4.3.2.1 = 96 s.
Cch 2: C 4 cch chn
4
a v c 4! cch chn cc ch s cn li.
Nh th c 4.4! = 96 s
- Tng 96 s c thit lp:
C 24 s c dng
4 3 2 1
0 n a a a a = ,
18 s c dng
4 3 2 1
1 n a a a a = ,
18 s c dng
4 3 2 1
2 n a a a a = ,
18 s c dng
4 3 2 1
3 n a a a a = ,
18 s c dng
4 3 2 1
4 n a a a a = .
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
158
Tng cc ch s hng n v l 18(1 +2 +3 +4) =180; tng cc ch s hng
chc bng 1800, tng cc ch s hng trm bng 18000, tng cc ch s hng
ngn bng 180000.
C 24 s c dng
3 2 1 0
1 n a a aa = ,
24 s c dng
3 2 1 0
2 n a a aa = ,
24 s c dng
3 2 1 0
3 n a a aa = ,
24 s c dng
3 2 1 0
4 n a a aa = ,
Suy ra tng cc ch s hng chc ngn bng 24(1 + 2 + 3 + 4).10
4
=240000.
Vy tng 96 s c lp nn l: 180 +1800 +18000 +180000 +240000 =
2599980.
Cch 2. C 24 s c dng
4 3 2 1 0
, n a a a aa = vi { }
4
1,2,3,4 a e
18 s c dng
4 3 2 1 0
, n a a a aa = vi { } 1,2,3,4 , 0,1,2,3.
i
a i e =
Vy tng 96 s c lp nn l:

4 3 2 1 0
(1 2 3 4) 24.10 18(10 10 10 10 ) 2599980. ( + + + + + + + =

Cu Vb:
1. Phng trnh cho:

2 2
2
2 2 2
1 4 6
log 2 2log 4 log 8 log 1 2
log 1 log 1 log
x x
x
x x
x x x
+ = + = = =
+ +
.
2. Th tch hnh chp SBCMN.
mf(BCM)//AD nn n ct (SAD) theo giao tuyn MN//AD.
Ta c , BC AB BC SA BC BM .
Nh th, t gic BCNM l hnh thang vung
c BM l ng cao.
Ta c SA =ABtan60
0
= 3 a .

3
3
4
3
.2
3 3
a
a
MN SM a
MN a
AD SA a
= = = .

2
2 2 2
2
3 3
a a
BM AB AM a = + = + =
Gi S l din tchca BCNM, ta c
2
4
2
1 2 10
3
( )
2 2 3 3 3
a
a
a a
S BC MN BM
| |
+
|
= + = =
|
|
\ .
.
Gi H l hnh chiu ca S trn ng thng BM. Khi SH BC (do BC vung
gc mf(SAB) cng l mf(SBM)). Suy ra ( ) SH mf BCNM .
S
H
N
M
A
D
C
B
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
159
Suy ra:
1
. ( )
3
SBCNM
V SH dt BCNM = (1)
Mt khc, trong tam gic SAB:
0
1
2
os60 2
AB AB AM
SB a
c SB MS
= = = = BM l phn
gic gc SBA. Do
0
30 SBH = . Suy ra
1 1
.2
2 2
SH SB a a = = = .
Thay vo (1):
2 3
1 10 10 3
.
3 27 3 3
SBCNM
a a
V a = = .

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
177
S 30

Cu I :
1. Kho st v v th (Bn c t lm)
2. Gi (C ) l th ca hm s.
M(x,y) e ( C )
7
y x 2
x 2
= + +

Phng trnh tim cn xin y x 2 x y 2 0 = + + =
Khong cch t M n tim cn xin l
1
x y 2
7
d
2 2 x 2
+
= =

Khong cch t M n tim cn ng l
2
d x 2 =
Ta c
1 2
7 7
dd x 2
2 x 2 2
= =
: hng s.
Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh :
1 1
sin2x sinx 2cotg2x
2sinx sin2x
+ = (1)
(1) cos
2
2x cosxcos2x =2cos2x, sin2x = 0
= v + + =
2
cos2x 0 2cos x cosx 1 0(VN) cos2x =0

t t t
= + t = + 2x k x k
2 4 2

2. t
2
t x 2x 2 = + t
2
2 =x
2
2x
Bt phng trnh cho
s s s e +
+
2
t 2
m (1 t 2),dox [0;1 3]
t 1

Kho st
2
t 2
g(t)
t 1
=
+
vi 1 s t s 2
g'(t)
2
2
t 2t 2
0
(t 1)
+ +
= >
+
. Vy g tng trn [1,2]
Bt phng trnh
>
+
2
t 2
m
t 1
c nghim t e [1,2]
| | e
s = =
t 1;2
2
m maxg(t) g(2)
3

Cu I I I :
1. Ta c =
AB ( 2;4; 16) cng phng vi =
a ( 1;2; 8)
mp(P) c vc t php tuyn =
n (2; 1;1)
Ta c

[ n,a] =(6 ;15 ;3) cng phng vi (2;5;1)
Phng trnh mt phng cha AB v vung gc vi mf(P) l :
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
178
2(x +1) +5(y 3) +1(z +2) =0
2x +5y +z 11 =0
2. Tm M e (P) sao cho MA +MB nh nht.
A, B cng pha i vi mf (P). Gi A' l im i xng vi A qua (P)
Phng trnh ng thng ( AA') :
x 1 y 3 z 2
2 1 1
+ +
= =

AA' ct (P) ti H, ta H l nghim ca h:

+ + =

+ +
= =

2x y z 1 0
H(1;2; 1)
x 1 y 3 z 2
2 1 1

V H l trung im ca AA' nn ta c :

= +
= +
= +
H A A'
H A A'
H A A'
2x x x
2y y y A'(3;1;0)
2z z z

Ta c =
A'B ( 6;6; 18) (cng phng vi (1;-1;3) )

Phng trnh ng thng (A'B) :

= =
x 3 y 1 z
1 1 3

Vy ta im M l nghim ca h phng trnh

+ + =

= =

2x y z 1 0
M(2;2; 3)
x 3 y 1 z
1 1 3

Cu I V:
1. t
2
t 2x 1 t 2x 1 2tdt 2dx dx tdt = + = + = =
i cn t(4) =3, t(0) =1
Vy
4 3 3
2
0 1 1
2x 1 t 1
I dx dt t 1 dt
1 t t 1 1 2x 1
+ | |
= = = +
|
+ + + + \ .
} } }

=
3
2
1
t
t lnt 1 2 ln2
2
(
+ + = +
(
(

2. Gii h phng trnh

+ + = +
+ + = +
2 y 1
2 x 1
x x 2x 2 3 1
(I)
y y 2y 2 3 1

t u = x 1, v =y 1
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
179
(I) thnh:
+ + =
+ + =
2 v
2 u
u u 1 3
v v 1 3
(II)
Xt hm f(x)
2
x x 1 = + +
f (x)
+
+ +
= + = > >
+ + +
2
2 2 2
x x
x x 1 x
1 0
x 1 x 1 x 1

Vy f ng bin trn R.
Nu u > v f(u) >f(v) >
v u
3 3 v >u ( v l )
Tng t nu v > u cng dn n v l.
Suy ra u =v.

Do h (II)
| |
= +
| + + =
\ .

=

u 2
2 u
1 3 u 1 u
u u 1 3
u v
u v

t: g(u)
u 2
3 ( u 1 u) = +

| |
= + + |
|
+
\ .
u 2 u
2
u
g'(u) 3 ln3( u 1 u) 3 1
u 1

( ) ( ) R u , 0
1 u
1
3 ln u 1 u 3 u ' g
2
2 u
e >
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ =
Vy g(u) ng bin trn R.
Ta c g(0) =1. Vy u = 0 l nghim duy nht ca (1)
Nn (II) u =0 =v
Vy (I) x =y =1.
Ch : chng t u = v c th bin i:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
= +
+ + =

+ = +

+ + = = +
v 2
2 v
u 2 v 2
2 u u 2
1 3 u u 1
u u 1 3
3 v v 1 3 u u 1
v v 1 3 1 3 v v 1

+ +
=
2 2
u v
u u 1 v v 1
3 3
(*)
Xt hm s
+
=
2
t
t t 1
f(t)
3
ng bin, nn (*) suy ra u =v.
Cu Va:
1. ng thng OI ni 2 tm ca 2 ng trn (C), (C') l ng phn gic y = x
. Do , ng AB ng y = x h s gc ca ng thng AB bng 1.
V AB 2 = A, B phi l giao im ca (C) vi Ox, Oy.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
180
Suy ra
A(0;1),B(1;0)
A'( 1;0),B'(0; 1)

Suy ra phng trnh AB : y = x +1 hoc y = x 1.
Cch khc: phng trnh AB c dng: y = x +m.
Pt honh giao im ca AB l
x
2
+( x +m)
2
=1 + =
2 2
2x 2mx m 1 0 (2)
(2) c A =
/ 2
2 m , gi x
1
, x
2
l nghim ca (2) ta c :
= = =
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
AB 2 2(x x ) 2 (x x ) 1
A
= = =
/
2
2
4
1 2 m 1 m 1
a

Vy phng trnh AB : y = x 1.
2. Gi =
1 2 3 4
n a a a a l s cn lp.
TH1 : a
4
=0, ta c 8 cch chn a
1
(v a
1
> 2)
8 cch chn a
2
7 cch chn a
3
(1 cch chn a
4
)
Vy ta c 8.8.7.1 = 448 s n.
TH2 : a
4
= 0 v a
4
chn. Ta c : 4 cch chn a
4

7 cch chn a
1

8 cch chn a
2

7 cch chn a
3

Vy ta c 4.7.8.7 = 1568 s n
Vy c 2 trng hp ta c : 448 + 1568 = 2016 s n.

Cu Vb:
1. iu kin x > 0 , x = 1
(1)
| |
+ >
|
\ .
4 2
8
1 1
2log x log 2x 0
log x 2
( )
| |
|
+ + >
|
|
\ .
2 2
2
1
log x log x 1 0
1
log x
3

| | + +
+ > >
|
|
\ .
s v > < s >
2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2
log x 1 log x 1
(log x 3) 0 0
log x log x
1
log x 1 log x 0 0 x vx 1
2

2.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
181
Chn h trc Axyz sao cho: A O,
( )
C 2a;0;0 ,
1
A (0;0;2a 5)

| |
|
|
\ .
a a 3
A(0;0;0),B ; ;0
2 2
v M( 2a;0;a 5)
| |
= =
|
|
\ .

1
5 3
BM a ; ; 5 , MA a(2;0; 5)
2 2

Ta c: = + =

2
1 1
BM.MA a ( 5 5) 0 BM MA
Ta c th tch khi t din AA
1
BM l :

A
( (
= = = =

3
2
1 BMA 1
1
1 a 15 1
V AA . AB,AM ; S MB,MA 3a 3
6 3 2

Suy ra khong cch t A n mp (BMA
1
) bng = =
3V a 5
d .
S 3

Cch khc:
+Ta c:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
9 AM AC C M a = + =

2 2 2 0 2
2 . .cos120 7 BC AB AC AB AC a = + =

2 2 2
BM BC CM = +
= + = = +
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
A B A A AB 21a A M MB
MB vung gc vi
1
MA
+Hnh chp MABA
1
v CABA
1
c chung y l tam gic ABA
1
v ng
cao bng nhau nn th tch bng nhau.
= = = =
3
MABA CABA 1 ABC
1 1
1 1
V V V AA .S a 15
3 3

= = =
1
MBA 1
1
3V 6V a 5
d(a,(MBA ))
S MB.MA 3
.

M
C
1

B
1

A
1

C
B
A
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
182
S 31

Cu I :
1. Kho st v v th (bn c t lm)
2. Tm m:
Ta c:
2
2 2
m m (x 2) m
y x m y' 1
x 2
(x 2) (x 2)

= + + = =

th hm s c 2 im cc tr y' =0 c 2 nghim phn bit
(x 2)
2
m =0 c 2 nghim phn bit = 2 m >0
Gi A (x
1
, y
1
) ; B (x
2
, y
2
) l 2 im cc tr

1 1
2 2
x 2 m y 2 m 2 m
y' 0
x 2 m y 2 m 2 m
= = +
=
= + = + +

Phng trnh ng thng (AB) :
x (2 m) y (2 m 2 m)
(m 0)
2 m 4 m
+
= >
2x y 2 +m =0
(AB) i qua gc O (0; 0) 2 +m =0 m =2.
Cch khc:
2
x (m 2)x m u
y
x 2 v
+ +
= =
;
2
m
y' 1
(x 2)
=

y' =0 c 2 nghim phn bit m >0
Khi m > 0, pt ng thng qua 2 cc tr l
/
/
u
y 2x m 2
v
= = +
Do , yu cu ca bi ton m 2 =0 m 2 = .
Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh:
2
2cos x 2 3sinxcosx 1 3(sinx 3cosx) + + = + (1)
(1) 2 cos2x 3sin2x 3(sinx 3cosx) + + = +

1 3 1 3
2 2 cos2x sin2x 6 sinx cosx
2 2 2 2
| | | |
+ + = +
| |
| |
\ . \ .

2 2cos 2x 6cos x
3 6
t t | | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

1 cos 2x 3cos x
3 6
t t | | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
183

2
2cos x 3cos x
6 6
t t | | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

3
cos x 0vcos x (loai)
6 6 2
t t | | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

t +
t
= t +
t
=
t
k
3
2
x k
2 6
x
, k e Z.
2. Gii h:
4 3 2 2
3 2
x x y x y 1
x y x xy 1
+ =
+ =
(I)
(I)
+ + =
+ + =
2 2 3
2 3
( x xy) x y 1
( x xy) x y 1

t u = x
2
+xy, v =x
3
y
(I) thnh
= +
= =
+ =
v

= =
+ = =

2
2
v u 1
u 0 u 1
u v 1
v 1 v 0
u v 1 u u 0

Do h cho tng ng:
2 2
4 2
3 3
y x y 0
x xy 0 x xy 1
x 1 x 1(vn)
x y 1 x y 0

= =
+ = + =

v v

= = = =

= =
v

= =

x 1 x 1
y 1 y 1

Cch 2. Phng trnh th hai bin i thnh tch.
Cu I I I :
1. Ta c mt vc t ch phng ca ng thng AB l ( 2;4;0)hay =
a ( 1;2;0)
Ta c mt vc t ch phng ca ng thng OC l (2;4;6)hay =
b (1;2;3)
Ta c =
OA (2;0;0)cng phng vi =
c (1;0;0)
Ta c
(
=

a,b .c 6 = 0 AB v OC cho nhau.
2. ng thng d c mt vc t ch phng ( ) 12; 0; 36 hay ( ) u 1; 0; 3 =

Ta c ( ) a, u 6;3;2
(
=

Mt phng (o) i qua A, c mt vc t php tuyn l a, u
(

(o cha AB) nn c
phng trnh:
6(x 2) +3(y 0) +2 (z - 0) =0
6x +3y +2z 12 =0 (o)
Ta c ( ) b, u 6; 6;2
(
=

Mt phng (|) qua O, c c mt vc t php tuyn l l (3; - 3; 1) (| cha OC)
nn c phng trnh:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
184
3x - 3y +z =0 (|)
Vy, ng thng A song song vi d ct cc ng thng (AB), (OC) l giao
tuyn ca hai mt phng:

6x 3y 2z 12 0
3x 3y z 0
+ + =
+ =

D thy ng thng A i qua
4
(0; ;4)
3
M v c cp ch phng ( ) n 6;3;2
o
=
v
( ) n 3; 3;1
|
=
. T suy ra phng trnh A.

Cu I V:
1. Ta giao im ca hai ng l nghim ca h

2
x
x 0 x 4
y
v
4
y 0 y 4
y x
= = =

= =

t =
|
|
.
|
\
|
t =
|
|
.
|
\
|
t =
}
15
128
80
x
3
x
dx
16
x
x V
4
0
4
0
5 3 4
2
(vtt)

2. Vi x, y, z > 0 ta c
4(x
3
+y
3
) > (x +y)
3
(-) Du = xy ra x =y
Tht vy (-) 4(x +y)(x
2
xy +y
2
) > (x +y)
3

4(x
2
xy +y
2
) > (x +y)
2
do x, y >0
3(x
2
+y
2
2xy) > 0 (x y)
2
> 0 (ng)
Tng t ta c 4(y
3
+z
3
) > (y +z)
3
Du = xy ra y =z
4(z
3
+x
3
) > (z +x)
3
Du = xy ra z =x
Do
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
4 x y 4 y z 4 z x 2 x y z 6 xyz + + + + + > + + >
Ta li c
3
2 2 2
xyz
6
x
z
z
y
y
x
2 >
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
Du = xy ra x =y =z
Suy ra:
12
xyz
1
xyz 6 P
3
3
>
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ >
Du = xy ra
= =
=
z y x
1 xyz

x =y =z =1
Vy minP = 12. t c khi x = y = z = 1
Cu Va:
1. Ta A l nghim ca h
{ {
4x y 14 0 x 4
2x 5y 2 0 y 2
+ + = =
+ = =
A(4, 2)
V G(2, 0) l trng tm ca AABC nn
x
A
O
y
x
4
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
185

= +
= +
+ + =
+ + =
2 y y
2 x x
y y y y 3
x x x x 3
C B
C B
C B A G
C B A G
(1)

V B(x
B
, y
B
) e AB y
B
=4x
B
14 (2)
C(x
C
, y
C
) e AC
5
2
5
x 2
y
C
C
+ = ( 3)
Th (2) v (3) vo (1) ta c
= =
= =
= +
= +
0 y 1 x
2 y 3 x
2
5
2
5
x 2
14 x 4
2 x x
C C
B B
C
B
C B

Vy A(4, 2), B(3, 2), C(1, 0)
2. Nu n s 2 th n +6 s 8. Do s tam gic c ba nh c ly t n + 6 im
khng vt qua 439 56 C
3
8
< = (loi). Vy n > 3
V mi tam gic c to thnh ng vi 1 t hp 3 chp n + 6 phn t. Nhng
trn cnh CD c 3 nh, trn cnh DA c n nh nn s tam gic to thnh l:

( )( )( ) ( )( )
439
6
n 1 n 2 n
1
6
6 n 5 n 4 n
C C C
3
n
3
3
3
6 n
=

+ + +
=
+

(n +4)(n +5)(n +6) (n 2)(n 1)n =2540
n
2
+4n 140 =0 ( ) n 2 144 loai v n 3 v n 2 144 10 = > = + =
p s: n = 10
Cu Vb:
1. Gii phng trnh:
4 2
2x 1
1 1
log (x 1) log x 2
log 4 2
+
+ = + + (1)
iu kin x >1
(1) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
2 x log 1 x 2 log 1 x log
4 4 4
= + + +
( ) ( )
4
x 1 2x 1 1
log
x 2 2
+ (
=
(
+

v
x >1

2
2x x 1
2
x 2

=
+
v x >1 2x
2
3x 5 =0 v x >1
5
x
2
=
2. Gi M l trung im ca BC. th SM BC,
AM BC ( )
o
60 ABC , SBC SMA = =
.

Suy ra ASMA u c cnh bng
2
3 a

Do
o
SMA
60 sin . AM . SM .
2
1
S =
S
A
C
B
M
N
60
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
186

16
3 a 3
2
3
.
4
a 3
.
2
1
2 2
= =
Ta c
SABC SBAM SAM
1
V 2V 2. .BM.S
3
= =
16
3 a
16
3 a
. a .
3
1
3 2
=
3
=
Gi N l trung im ca on SA. Ta c CN SA

a 13
CN
4
= (v ASCN vung ti N)

2
SCA
1 1 a 3 a 13 a 39
S .AS.CN . .
2 2 2 4 16
= = =
Ta c
( ) ( ) SAC , B d .
16
39 a
.
3
1
SAC , B d . S .
3
1
16
3 a
V
2
SCA
3
SABC
= = =

( )
= =
3
2
3 3a
d B,(SAC) a 3
a 39 13
.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
208
S 36

Cu I .

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
Vi m =-1 hm s tr thnh y =x
3
3x
2
+1
1
0
. Tp xc nh:
2
0
. S bin thin :
* Gii hn:
lim
x
y
+
= + ; lim
x
y
=
* Lp bng bin thin:
y =
2
3 6 x x
0
' 0
2
x
y
x
=
=

=

Bng bin thin
x - 0 2 +
y + 0 - 0 +
y 1 +

- -3
3
0
. th
Giao Oy: (0,1).
f(x)=x^3-3x^2+1
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
x
y

2. Gi M l im thuc th hm s (1) c honh x =-1, suy ra M(-1; 2m-1)
Ta c y =3x
2
+6mx +(m+1); y(-1) =4 5m. Tip tuyn d ca th hm s
cho ti M(-1; 2m - 1) c phng trnh l: y =(4 - 5m)( x +1) +(2m - 1)
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
209
Tip tuyn d i qua A(1; 2) khi v ch khi 2 =
5
(4 5 )2 2 1
8
m m m + =

Cu I I .
1. Gii phng trnh:
iu kin: sin x. cos x 0. Phng trnh cho tng ng vi:
tgx cotgx =4cos
2
2x
2 2
sinx osx 2 os2x
4 os 2 4 os 2 0
cosx sinx sin2x
c c
c x c x = + =

1
os2x 2 os2x 0 os2x(1+sin4x)=0
sin2x
c c c
| |
+ =
|
\ .

-
cos2x=0
4 2
x k

= +

-

sin4x =-1
8 2
x k

= +
So vi iu kin suy ra nghim ca phng trnh cho l:

4 2
x k

= + v
8 2
x k

= +
2. Gii phng trnh :
2
(2x - 1)
2x +1 + 3 - 2x =
2

iu kin x
1 3
;
2 2
(
(

Ta c :
2
( 2 1 3 2 ) 4 2 2 1 3 2 x x x x + + = + + 4 > 2 1 3 2 2 x x + + > (1)
Mt khc ( )
( )
2
2
2 1
2 2 1 2 0 2 1 4 0 2
2
x
x x

s s s s s s (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra phng trnh tng ng vi:

2
1
2 1 3 2 2
2
3
(2 1) 4
2
x
x x
x
x
=

+ + =

So vi iu kin ta c nghim ca phng trnh l:

1
2
3
2
x
x

Cu I I I . 1. Chng minh d
1
v d
2
ct nhau: Gii h phng trnh:

3 3 3
2 2 1
5 6 6 13 0
6 6 7 0
x y z
x y z
x y z

= =
+ =
+ =

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
210
ta c x = y = 1, z = 2. suy ra d
1
v d
2
ct nhau ti I (1; 1; 2).
2. Tm to cc im A, B:
Vc t ch phng ca d
1
l 1 (2;2;1) u =

Ta c
2
' u
= ( )
6 -6 6 5 5 -6
; ; ; 72; 36; 24
6 6 6 1 1 -6
| |
=
|

\ .
. Suy ra
2
(6;3;2) u =
cng
phng vi
2
' u
l vc t ch phng ca d
2
.
Gi l gc gia d
1
v d
2
ta c cos
1 2
1 2
.
20 41
sin
21 21
u u
u u
= = =

Ta c
41
42
=S
IAB A
=
2 2
1 41
sin 1
2 42
IA IA IA IB = = =
V A thuc d
1
nn to ca A(1+2t; 1+2t; 2+t) IA =3t =1
1
3
t =
5 5 7
; ;
3 3 3
A
| |
|
\ .
hoc
1 1 5
; ;
3 3 3
A
| |
|
\ .
v B thuc d
2
nn to ca B (1+6k; 1+3k; 2+2k)
7 IB k = =1
1
7
t =
13 10 16
; ;
7 7 7
B
| |
|
\ .
hoc
1 4 12
; ;
7 7 7
B
| |
|
\ .
.
Cu I V.
1. Tnh tch phn
3
3
1
2
2 2
xdx
I
x
=
+
}

t t =
3
2 2 x+
3 2
2 3 1
; 1; 3 2
2 2 2
t t dt
x dx x t x t
= = = = = =
suy ra I =
3 2
2 2 2 5
4 2 2
1
1 1 1
2 3
.
3 3
2 2
( 2)
4 4 5
t t dt
t
t t dt t
t
| |
= =
|
\ .
} } }
=
12
5

2. Gii phng trnh:
iu kin cos x 0 = . D thy sinx = 0 khng tho mn phng trnh .
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi
2 2
si nx cosx
2 (si nx - cosx )
2 2
2
si nx e e
e = =
cosx si nx cosx
(1)
Xt hm s f(t) =
2
t
2
e
t
, vi t [ 1;0) (0;1] e
f (t) =
( )
2
t
2
2
t
2
2 2
2
t - 1 e
2t - 2 e
2
= <0
t 2t
| |
|
\ .
.
Suy ra hm s nghch bin trn cc khong [ 1;0),(0;1]
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
211
T (1) suy ra sinx, cosx cng du. Suy ra u, v cng thuc na khong [-1; 0)
hoc cng thuc na khong (0; 1].
(1) f(sinx) =f(cosx) sinx =cosx tgx =1
4
x k
= +
So vi iu kin ta c nghim ca phng trnh cho l :

4
x k
= + vi k e .
PHN RING.

Cu V.a. Theo chng trnh khng phn ban
1. S t nhin chn gm 4 ch s khc nhau ca E c dng: abcd , trong
a = 0, d e{0, 2, 4}.
Xt d =0. Khi cc s c 3 ch s
abc
bng A
3
6

=120 .

Xt d =2 (hoc d =4), khi a c 5 cch chn, ng vi mi cch chn a ta c 5
cch chn b, ng vi mi cch chn hai ch s a, b ta c 4 cch chn ch s c.
Suy ra, khi d =2, c tt c 5.5.4 =100 s.
Tng t cho d = 4.
Vy s tt c cc s l: 120 +100.2 =320
2. Gi d
1
, d
2
ln lt l ng cao k t nh B v ng phn gic trong ca
gc A, M(a; b) l im i xng ca M qua d
2
v I l trung im ca MM.
Ta c ' MM

= (a; b -2) Vect ch phng ca d
2
l u
=(1; 1) H :

2
2 0
1 ' 0
2
1 1 0
2 2
a b
a MM u
a b
b I d
+ =
= =

+
= + = e

Khi M(1; 1) thuc ng thng AC. Mt khc vect ch phng v
4; 3
ca ng cao d
1
chnh l vect php tuyn ca ng thng AC. Do phng
trnh ng thng AC l 4(x - 1) 3(y - 1) =0 4x 3y 1 =0.
Ta A =
2
d AC xc nh bi h:

3
3 4 10 0
1
3 4 8 0
4
x
x y
x y y
=
+ + =

+ = =

Vy B(-3;-
1
)
4
. ng thng AC: 4x - 3y - 1= 0; do C
4 1
;
3
c
c
| |
|
\ .

MC =
2 1
2
2
(1;1)
1
4 1
2 2 2
31 33 31
; 3
25 25 25
C
c
c
c
C c
=
| |

+ =
| | |

=
\ .
|
\ .

ta thy
1
AC v
2
AC cng chiu.
Kt lun A(4;5), B
1 31 33
3; , ;
4 25 25
C
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

Cu V.b.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
212
1. Gii bt phng trnh:
1 2
2
2x +3
log log 0
x +1
| |
>
|
\ .

Bpt cho tng ng vi:
0 <
2
2 3 2 3
log 1 1 2
1 1
x x
x x
+ +
s < s
+ +
2
2 3
2 1 0
1 1
2 3
1
2 0
0
1
1
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
< +
< >

> +

+

s
s
+
+

Suy ra, nghim ca bpt l x <-2.
2. IJ //SE ( ) ( ) IJ ABC IJ EHI
1
.
3
EHIJ
V IJ dt EHI = A
v SE ( ) , ABC SE MC SH MC MC EH
EC=
2 2 2 2
4 5 BE BC a a a + = + =

ECsin =a 5sin EH =
HC=EC os =a 5 os c c .
Gi K l hnh chiu ca H trn EC,

2
. 5 sin .cos 5sin2
2 5
HE HC a a
HK
EC a

= = =
EI=
2
1 5 1 5
. sin2
2 2 2 8
a
EC dt EHI HK EI a = A = =
2
3
1 1 5 5
. . sin2 sin2
3 3 8 24
EHIJ
a
V IJ dt EHI a a = A = =
3
5
24
EHIJ
a
V s
Du = xy ra khi sin 2 1 45
o
= =

H
J
I
C
B
A
S
K
M
E
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
213
S 37

Cu I . Hm s y = x
4
- 8x
2
+7 (1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s.
- Tp xc nh: R
- S bin thin ca hm s.
+Gii hn ca hm s ti v cc.
lim
x
y =+ v lim
x+
y =+
+Bng bin thin.
Ta c: y' =4x
3
- 16x =4x(x
2
- 4)
y' =0 x =0 hoc x = 2 hoc x = -2.

x - -2 0 2 +
y' - + - +
+ 7 +
y
-9 -9

Hm s nghch bin trn mi khong (- ; -2) v (0 ; 2).
Hm s ng bin trn mi khong (-2 ; 0) v (2 ; +).
Hm s t cc i ti x = 0, y
C
=y(0) =7.
Hm s t cc tiu ti x = 2 , y
CT
= y( 2) =-9.
- th.
+ im un: y'' = 12x
2
- 16; y'' =0 x
1
=
2
3
v x
2
= -
2
3
.
y' i du khi qua x
1
, x
2
nn im un l: U
1
2 17
;
9 3
| |
|
\ .
; U
2
2 17
;
9 3
| |

|
\ .

+ Giao im ca th vi trc tung l im (0 ; 7).
Ta c y =0 x = 1 hoc x = 7.
Vy th ct trc honh ti 4 im (1;0) ; (-1;0) ; ( 7;0) v (- 7;0).
2. ng thng y = mx - 9 tip xc vi th hm s (1) khi v ch khi h
phng trnh
4 2
3
8 7 9(2)
4x 16 (3)
x x mx
x m
+ =
c nghim.
Thay (3) vo (2), rt gn, ta c: 3x
4
- 8x
2
- 16 =0 x = 2.
x =2 m =0 x =-2 m =0
Vy ch c 1 gi tr m = 0 duy nht ng thng y = mx - 9 tip xc vi th
hm s (1).
Cu I I .
1. iu kin: x e R.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
214
2
sin(2 ) sin( )
4 4 2
x x

= + sin(2 ) sin sin( )
4 4 4
x x

=
2sin( )cos sin( )
4 4
x x x

=
sin( )(2cos 1) 0
4
x x
=
sin( ) 0
4
(2cos 1) 0
x
x

=

4
2
3
x k
x k
= +
4
2
3
x k
x k
= +
= +

2. iu kin: 1 1 x < <

2
2
1 3
1
1
1
x
x
x
+ >

2
2
2
3
2 0
1
1
x x
x
x
+ >

(1)
t
2
1
x
t
x
=
, ta c
2
( )
1
x
t f x
x
= =
;
2 3
1
'( ) 0, ( 1;1)
(1 )
f x x
x
= > e
.
Do teR.
(1) vit thnh: t
2
- 3t +2 >0
2
1
t
t
>
<

t >2:
2
2
1
x
x
>

2 2
4(1 )
1 1
x x
x
>
< <

2
4
5
1 1
x
x
>
< <

2
1
5
2
1
5
x
x
< <
< <

t <1:
2
1
1
x
x
<

2
1
1 1
x x
x
<
< <

2 2
1 0
1
0 1
x
x x
x
< <
<
s <

1 0
1 1
2 2
0 1
x
x
x
< <
< <
s <

1 0
1
0
2
x
x
< <
s <

1
1
2
x < <
Kt hp 2 trng hp, x c gi tr thuc cc khong (-1;
1
2
) v (
2
5
;1).
Cch 2. iu kin: 1 1 x < <

2 2
2
2
1 3
1 2 3 1
1
1
x
x x x
x
x
+ > >

(1)
i) 1 0 x < s : Tha (1).
ii) 0 <x <1:
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 2
(1) 2 9 1 4 4 9 9 10 13 4 0

x x x x x x x x x > + > + >

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
215
2
2
1 1
1
2 2 2
4 2 2
5 5 5
x
x
x x x
< <
<

> < v >

Nhng 0 < x < 1 nn
1
0
2
2
1
5
x
x
< <
< <

Vy, nghim ca bt phng trnh cho l cc khong (-1;
1
2
) v (
2
5
;1).
Cu I I I .
1. Phng trnh mt cu c dng x
2
+y
2
+z
2
+2ax +2by +2cz +d =0 (a
2
+b
2

+c
2
>d)
Tm I(-a;-b;-c) thuc mt phng (P) nn: -2a -3b +3c +1 =0 (1)
Mt cu i qua A nn: 16 +9 +8a +6c +d =0 (2)
Mt cu i qua B nn: 1 +1 +9 -2a - 2b +6c +d =0 (3)
Mt cu i qua C nn: 9 +4 +36 +6a +4b +12c +d =0 (4)
T (1); (2); (3); (4) ta c h phng trnh
-2a -3b +3c +1 =0
16 +9 +8a +6c +d =0
1 +1 +9 -2a - 2b +6c +d =0
9 +4 +36 +6a +4b +12c +d =0

Gii h, ta c:
1
2
3
1
a
b
c
d
=
.
Tha mn iu kin, vy phng trnh mt cu cn tm l: x
2
+y
2
+z
2
- 2x - 4y -
6z +1 =0.
2. ng thng d:
3 5
2 9 1
x y z +
= =
x =3 y =0 ; z =-5
x =5 y =9 ; z =-4
im M(3; 0; - 5) v N(5; 9; - 4) thuc ng thng d, suy ra M, N thuc mt
phng (Q).
Ta c mt phng (Q) ct mt cu (S) theo ng trn c bn knh ln nht khi v
ch khi (Q) i qua tm mt cu (S), tc (Q) qua I(1;2;3).
IM
=(2;-2;-8) ; IN
=(4;7;-7) l cp ch phng ca mt phng (Q).

Vc t php tuyn ca mt phng (Q): n
= ; IM IN
(

=(70;-18;22).
Phng trnh mt phng (Q) l: 70(x - 1) - 18(y - 2) +22(z - 3) =0 hay 35x - 9y
+11z - 50 =0.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
216

Cu I V.
1. Tnh tch phn:
2
0
sin2
3 4sin cos2
xdx
I
x x
=
+
}
=
2 2
2 2
0 0
sin cos sin (sin )
1 2sin sin 1 2sin sin
x xdx xd x
x x x x

=
+ + + +
} }

t sinx = t . x =
2
t =1 ; x =0 t =0.
1
1 1 1 1
1
2 2
0
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1
ln 1 ln2
1 2 ( 1) 1 1 1 2 2
tdt tdt t dt
I td t
t t t t t t
| |
= = = = + = + + = +
|
+ + + + + +
\ .
} } } }

Cch 2.
1
1 1 1 1
2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
ln 1 ln2
1 2 ( 1) 1 ( 1) 1 2
tdt t dt dt dt
I t
t t t t t t
+ | |
= = = = + + = +
|
+ + + + + +
\ .
} } } }

2. Phng trnh: 4
x
(4x
2
+ 1) = 1 (1). t f(x) = 4
x
(4x
2
+1) - 1.
Ta thy x = 0 v x =-
1
2
l nghim v f(0) =f(-
1
2
) =0.

2 2
'( ) 4 ln4.(4 1) 8 .4 4 (4 ln4 8 ln4)
x x x
f x x x x x = + + = + +
Nhn xt 4
x
> 0. t
2
4 ln4 8 ln4 x x + + =g(x).

2
' 16 4ln 4 0 A = > , nn g(x) c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
; m x
1
x
2
=
1
4
>0 v x
1
+x
2
=
2
ln4
<0 nn x
1
<0; x
2
<0.
Do f '(x) c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
; x
2
<0:
f '(x) >0 vi mi x < x
1
hoc x > x
2
; f '(x) <0 vi mi x
1
<x <x
2
.
Ta c f(-
1
2
) =f(0) nn xy ra 2 trng hp.
TH1: -
1
2
<x
1
<x
2
<0
Khi : 0 = f(-
1
2
) <f(x
1
) ; f(x
2
) <f(0) =0. Vy tn ti ae(x
1;
x
2
) sao cho f(a) =0,
a l duy nht v f(x) nghch bin trn (x
1
; x
2
).
TH2: x
1
<-
1
2
<x
2
<0
f(x
1
) >f(-
1
2
) = 0, m f(x) ng bin trn (; x
1
) nn tn ti ae(; x
1
) sao cho
f(a) =0, a cng l duy nht.
Tm li, phng trnh (1) c ng 3 nghim thc phn bit.
Cch 2. Phng trnh: 4
x
(4x
2
+1) =1 (1).
Xt hm s f(x) = 4
x
(4x
2
+1) - 1.
TX: R
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
217

2 2
'( ) 4 ln4.(4 1) 8 .4 4 (4 ln4 8 ln4)
x x x
f x x x x x = + + = + +
Nhn xt 4
x
> 0. t
2
4 ln4 8 ln4 x x + + =g(x).

2
' 16 4ln 4 0 A = > , nn g(x) c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
;
f '(x) >0 vi mi x < x
1
hoc x > x
2
; f '(x) <0 vi mi x
1
<x <x
2
.
Do phng trnh f(x) =0 c nhiu lm l 3 nghim thc phn bit.
Mt khc, f(0) = f(-
1
2
) =0, f(- 3).f(-2) < 0. Suy ra pcm.
Cu V.a.
1.
3 2
! 2 !
2 ( 1)( 2) 2 ( 1) 100
( 3)! ( 2)!
n n
n n
A A n n n n n
n n
+ = + = + =

3 2
100 0 5 n n n = = (do neN)
Ta c:
2
2
2
0
(1 3 ) (3 )
n
n k k
n
k
x C x
=
+ =

S hng cha x
5
ng vi k = 5, v n =5.
H s ca x
5
l :
5 5
10
.3 61236 C = .
2. ng trn (C): x
2
+y
2
=1 c tm l gc ta O, bn knh R = 1.
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, ly 1 im M sao cho gc gia 2 tip tuyn k t M
ti ng trn tm O l 60
o
, ta c OM =2. Vy M thuc ng trn tm O bn
knh bng 2.
S im M nm trn ng thng y = m m t k c n ng trn (C)
hai tip tuyn to vi nhau gc 60
o
l s giao im ca ng trn (O;2) v ng
thng y = m.
m <-2: C 0 giao im.
m = 2: C 1 giao im.
- 2 < m < 2: C 2 giao im.
m = 2: C 1 giao im.
m > 2: C 0 giao im.
Vy c gi tr ca m tha mn bi ra l: -2 <m <2.
Cu V.b.
1. iu kin:
2
3
0 0 0
2
6 6 2
9 0 9
3
3
1
log 0 1 1
x x x
x
x x x
x x
x
x x x
> > >

>

> > >

=
= = =

Bin i ta c:
3 4 2
2 2
6 2 2
3 log 3 log (9 ) log (3 ) 3 3 3 2 0
( 1)( 2) 0
x x x
x x x x x x
x x x
x x
+ = = = + =
=
1
2
x
x
=

Kt hp vi iu kin, ch c gi tr
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
218
x = 2 l tha mn.
Nghim ca phng trnh l x = 2.
2. Chng minh SI AD
Gi giao im ca MN v AE l K.
Trong mt phng SAD, k SK ct AD ti I.
V SK thuc mp(SMN) nn, I l giao ca
(SMN) v AD.
Ta c SA = SB = SC = a v chng i mt
vung gc nn, cc tam gic SAC, SAB,
SBC l cc tam gic vung cn ti S, cnh
bng a. Suy ra: SM = SN = SE =
2
2
a
;
AB =AC =BC =a 2, do tam gic ABC u.
MN l ng trung bnh ca tam gic ABC nn MN =
AB
2
=
2
2
a
. Suy ra MN =
SN =SM =
2
2
a
nn tam gic SMN u.
Tam gic ABC u, E trung im BC nn K trung im MN. Suy ra SKMN, m
SK c(ASD) MN(ASD)MNAD(1)
SB SC
SB SA

)
( ) SB SAC , m DC // SB nn DC(SAC)DCSN, kt hp vi
SNAC, ta c SN (ADC)SNAD(2)
T (1) v (2), suy ra: AD(SMN), m SI c(SMN)ADSI (pcm).
Tnh th tch khi t din MBSI
SD =2SE =a 2
Tam gic SAD vung ti S: AD =
2 2
SA SD + =a 3.
C SI l ng cao nn:
2
. SA AI AD = AI =
2 2
3 3
SA a a
AD a
= =
1
3
AI
AD
= .
Ta c:
1 1 1
.
2 3 6
ASMI
ASBD
V AM AI
V AB AD
= = =
ASMI
V =
1
6
ASBD
V ;
1
3
ASBI
ASBD
V AI
V AD
= =
1
3
ASIB ASBD
V V =
1
3
AMBI ASBI ASMI ASBD
V V V V = =
Tnh
ASBD
V :
2
2
SBD SBC
a
S S = = ;
2 3
1 1
. .
3 3 2 6
ASBD SBD
a a
V S AS a = = =
V
AMBI
=
3
18
a
.

E
K
I
M
N
C
D
B
A
S
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
56
S 3

Cu I :
1. a) Kho st v v th hm s khi m =
1
2
.
(Hc sinh t gii). Gi (C) l th hm s.
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) bit tip tuyn y song song vi ng
thng y =4x +2.
Ta c hm s y =
3 2
1 1 4
2
3 2 3
x x x + +
y' =x
2
+x - 2
Theo gi thit tip tuyn th phi tm c h s gc k =4. Vy c:

2 2
2 4 6 0
x
x x x
+
+ = =
1 1
2 2
2
2;
3
1
3;
6
x y
x y
= =
= =

Vy, c 2 tip tuyn tho mn iu kin bi.
Tip tuyn (d
1
): ( )
2 26
4 2 4
3 3
y x y x + = =
Tip tuyn (d
2
): ( )
1 73
4 3 4
6 6
y x y x = + = +
2. Do 0 <m <
5
6
nn:

1 1
(0) 2 0
3 3
y m = < <

8 1 5
(2) 2 4 2 0
3 3 3
y m m = + = <
Li c: y' =x
2
+2mx - 2
y" =2x +2m >0, x e [0; 2]
Suy ra th hm s
3 2
1 1
2 2
2 3
y x mx x m = + lm trn on [0; 2]. Kt hp
vi y(0) <0; y(2) <0 suy ra y <0, xe [0; 2].
Do :

2 2 2
2 3
0 0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
S y dx ydx x mx x m dx
| |
= = = + =
|
\ .
} } }

P N D B 1 TON B 2002
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
57

4 3
2
2
3 1
2 0
12 3
x
x x
m x m x
| |
| |
= + + + =
| |
\ .
\ .

4 8 2 4 10
4 4
3 3 3 3 3
m
m m = + + + = +
Theo gi thit S =4 m =
1
2
(tho mn iu kin 0 <m <
5
6
)
Ch : Khng cn dng tnh "lm" ca th hm s trn [0; 2] chng minh y
<0, xe [0; 2] nh sau:

1 1
(0) 2 0
3 3
y m = < <

8 1 5
(2) 2 4 2 0
3 3 3
y m m = + = <
Li c: y' =x
2
+2mx - 2
y" =2x +2m >0, x e [0; 2]
Suy ra y' ng bin, lin tc trn [0; 2], vi tp gi tr [-2; 2 + 2m], nn i du
t m sang dng trn [0; 2]. Do hm s cho nghch bin ri chuyn sang
ng bin, lin tc trn [0; ]. ng thi vi g(0) < 0 v g(2) < 0, ta c pcm.
Cu I I : Gii h phng trnh:

4 2
4 3 (1)
log log 0 (2)
x y
x y
+

iu kin:
4
2
log 0 1
log 0 1
x x
y y
> >

> >

Vi iu kin phng trnh (2) log
4
x =log
2
y
log
2
x =log
2
y
2
x =y
2

Phng trnh (1) y
2
- 4y +3 =0 (do y > 1)
y =1; y =3
x =1; x =9
Vy, phng trnh c hai nghim (1;1) v (9;3)
2. Phng trnh tg
4
x +1 =
( )
2
4
2 sin 2 sin3
os
x x
c x

iu kin: cos = 0 sinx = 1
Phng trnh sin
4
x +cos
4
x =(2 - sin
2
2x) sin3x
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
58

( )
2 2
1
1 sin 2 2 sin 2 sin3
2
x x x =

( )
2 2
2 sin 2 2 sin 2 .2sin3 x x x =
sin3x =
1
2
(d thy tho mn iu kin)

3 2
6
5
3 2
6
x k
x k
= +
= +

2
18 3
5 2
18 3
k
x
k
x

= +
= +
(ke Z)
Cu I I I :
1. K AH BE. Do SA (ABC) nn BE SH. Do SH l khong cch t S
n BE. Ko di BE ct AD ti M. E l trung im ca CD nn ED =
2 2
a AB
= D
l trung im ca AM AM =2a
AABM vung ti A ta c:
ASAH vung ti A ta c:
SH =
2
2 2 2
4 3 5
5 5
a a
SA AH a + = + =

a
B
C
E
D
M
S
A
a
H
Hnh 16
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
59
2. (d) l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (P) th (d) l giao tuyn ca (P) v mt
phng (Q) cha A v vung gc vi (P). rng, mt phng (Q) cha A c
phng trnh dng: ( ) ( ) 2 1 2 0 x y z x y z + + + + + + + = ,
2 2
0 + > (1)
Tht vy, tt c cc im M(x; y) thuc A u c ta tha:
2 1 0
2 0
x y z
x y z
+ + + =
+ + + =

v do tha (1).
(1) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 x y z + + + + + + + ,
2 2
0 + >
suy ra (Q) c vct php tuyn ( ) 2 ; ;
Q
n = + + +

Do (Q) (P) nn ( ) ( ) ( ) . 0 4. 2 2 1 0 7 3 0
Q P
n n = + + + + = + =

Chn 3 = ta c 7 =
Vy, (Q) c phng trnh x +4y +4z +11 =0
Nh th, (d) l giao ca hai mt phng:

4 2 1 0
4 4 11 0
x y z
x y z
+ =
+ + + =

(d) c vc t ch phng [ , ]
P Q
a n n =

=(4; 5; -6), trong ,
P
n
=(4; - 2; 1),
Q
n
=(1; 4;
4) v i qua im (1; 0; - 3).
T , suy ra phng trnh (d):
1 3
4 5 6
x y z +
= =

Cch 2. (d) l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (P) th (d) l giao tuyn ca (P) v
mt phng (Q) cha A v vung gc vi (P). Mt phng (Q) i qua M
o
(1; -3; 0) l
mt im thuc A v c cp ch phng gm mt vc t l vc t ch phng ca
A, mt vc t l vc t php tuyn ca (P).

1 2 1 2
(2;1;1), (1;1;1) [ , ] (0; 1;1) n n n n = = =

Vc t ch phng ca A l (0, 1;1) a
A
=
.
Suy ra, vc t php tuyn ca (Q) l [ , ]
Q P
n a n
A
=

=(1; 4; 4).
Vy phng trnh (Q): 1(x - 1) +4(y +3) +4z =0 x +4y +4z +11 =0.
Cch 3. Trn (A) chn im M
o
no chng hn M
o
(1; -3; 0). Gi H l hnh
chiu ca M
0
trn (P). Gi I l giao im ca (A) vi (P). Suy ra phng trnh
ng thng IH chnh l phng trnh hnh chiu ca (A) ln mt phng (P):

1 3
4 5 6
x y z +
= =

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
60
Cu I V:
1. Tm
3
0
1 1
1
x
x x
im
x
+ +
=

3 3
0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 li m lim
x x x
x x x x
im
x x x

+ + + +
= = +
Xt tng s hng:

( ) ( )
0 0
1
1 l i m
2
1 1 1 1
x x
x x
i m
x x x

= = =
+ + + +

( )
( ) ( )
3
0 0
2
3 3
1 1
1 1
1 li m
[1 1 1 ]
x x
x
x
i m
x
x x x

+
+
= =
+

( )
2 0
3 3
1 1
1
3
1 1
x
im
x x x
= =
+

3
0
1 1 1 1
1
2 3
x
x x
im
x
+ +
= + =
5
6

2. (C
1
): x
2
+y
2
- 4y - 5 =0 x
2
(y-2)
2
=9
(C
2
): x
2
+y
2
- 6x +8y +16 =0 (x-3)
2
+(y +4)
2
=9
(C
1
) c tm I
1
(0; 2) bn knh R
1
=3
(C
2
) c tm I
2
(3; -4); bn knh R
2
=3
V I
1
I
2
= ( )
2
2
1 2
3 6 45 3 5 R R + = = > + nn (C
1
) v (C
2
) nm ngoi nhau, do
c 4 tip tuyn chung.
V R
1
=R
2
=3 nn d
1
// d
2
// I
1
I
2

Phng trnh ng thng I
1
I
2
=
0 2
2 2 2 0
3 6
x y
x y

= + =
Phng trnh d
1
, d
2
c dng 2x +y +c =0
Khong cch t I
1
n d
1
, d
2
bng
2 2
2
3
2 1
c +
=
+

1
2
3 5 2 2 3 5 2 0
2 3 5
3 5 2 2 3 5 2 0
c x y
c
c x y

= + + =
+ =
= + =

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
61

Hnh 17

Do tnh i xng, d
3
v d
4
ct nhai ti trung im I ca on I
1
I
2
c to
(3/2;1).
Phng trnh d
3
, d
4
c dng y +1 =k
3 3
1 0
2 2
k
x kx y
| |
=
|
\ .

Khong cch t I
1
ti d
3
, d
4
bng
2
3
2 1
2
3
1
k
k

=
+

Gii ra ta c :
1
2
0 1
4 4
3
3 3
k y
y x k
= =

= =

Cu V:
Cho
, 0
5
4
x y
x y
>
+ =
Tm min S vi S =
4 1
4 x y
+
Cch 1: S =
5
1 1 1 1 1 5 5.5 25
5
4 4 5 . . . .4 x x x x y x x x x y xxxx y
+ + + + > > = =
+ + + +

min S =5
1 1
4
4
5
4
x y
x y
x y
+ =

1
1
4
x
y
=

Cch 2: S =
4 1
( )
5 4
f x
x x
+ =
0 <x <
5
4

I
1
I
2

I
d
1

d
2

d
3

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
62
f(x) =
( )
2 2
4 4
0
5 4
x
x
+ =

( )
2
2
5 4
1
5
0
4
x x
x
x
< <

Lp bng du f '(x) suy ra min S =5
Cch 3:
1 2 1 4 1
2 . . .
2 4 2
x y x y
x y x y
+ = + s + + (3)
Du "=" (3) khi

5
4
2 1
4 1
. 2 .
5 1
4 4
x y x
x x y y
x y y
x y
= =

+ = =

+ =

(3)
2
5 5 4 1 4 1
5
2 4 4 4 x y x y
| |
| |
s + + >
| |
\ .
\ .

Vy min S =5.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
51
S 2
Cu I :
1. Tm n e N* tho mn bt phng trnh
3 2
2 9
n
n n
A C n
+ s
iu kin: n e N*, n > 3.
Bt phng trnh n(n - 1) (n - 2) +
2
2 9
n
C n s
n(n - 1) (n - 2) +n(n - 1) s 9
(n - 1)(n - 2) +n - 1 s 9

2
2 8 0
3 4( *)
n n
n n N
s
s s e

Kt hp iu kin n > 3 suy ra n =3 hoc n =4.
2. Phng trnh ( ) ( )
8
4 2
2
1 1
log 3 log 1 log (4 )
2 4
x x x + + =
iu kin:
0
1
x
x
>

Phng trnh
8
4 2
2
1 1
log ( 3) log ( 1) log (4 )
2 4
x x x + + =

2 2 2
log ( 3) log 1 log (4 )
( 3). 1 4
x x x
x x x
+ + =
+ =

i. Nu x >1, phng trnh (x +3)( x -1) - 4x =0

2
2 3 0
3
1
x x
x
x
=
=
>

ii. Nu 0 <x <1, phng trnh (x +3)( 1 - x) - 4x =0

2
6 3 0
3 2 2
0 1
x x
x
x
+ =
= +
< <

p s: phng trnh c 2 nghim
3
3 2 3
x
x
=
= +

Cu I I :
1.
2
2
2 2
x x m m
y x
x x
+
= = +

2
2 2
4 4
' 1
( 2) ( 2)
m x x m
y
x x
+
= =

hm s nghch bin trn on | | 1;0 , iu kin cn v l
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
52
| ' 0 [ 1;0 y x s e

| |
2
[ 1;0]
( ) 4 4 , 1;0
max ( ) ( 1) 9
g x x x m x
g x m g m m
= + s e
s s >

2. kho st v v th hm s khi m =1.
( Hc sinh t gii)
3. Phng trnh.

2 2
2
1 1 1 1
2
1 1
9 ( 2)3 2 1 0
2 1 ( 2)
(1)
3
t t
t
a a
X X a X
X
+ +
+
+ + + =
+ =

Do
2
1 1 1 2, t t s + s m 1 - t
2
>0. Suy ra min gi tr ca
2
1 1
3
t
X
+ +
= l on | | 3;9 .

2
2 1
(1)
2
3 9
X X
a
X
X
+
=
s s

T th v cu 2, hn ch trong on | | 3;9 suy ra, phng trnh c nghim,
iu kin cn v l:
64
4
7
a s s
* Ch : Bn c th thy th v hn, nu tm a phng trnh sau c nghim:

2 2
t + 1 - t t + 1 - t
9 - (a +2).3 +2a +1 =0
Cu I I I :
1. Gii phng trnh
4 4
sin os 1 1
cot2
5sin2 2 8sin2
x c x
x
x x
+
=
iu kin: sin2x = 0
Vi iu phng trnh:

2 2
1 2in cos 1 1
os2
5 2 8
x x
c x
=

2
9
os 2 5 os2 0
4
9
os2 1
2
2 6 2
1 3
cos2
2
c x c x
c x
x k
x

+ =
= >
= +

2. trong tam gic ABC h thc:
bsinC (bcosC +ccosB) =20
(loi)
6
x k
= +
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
53
4R
2
sinBsinC (sinBcosC +sinCcosB) =20
4R
2
sinBsinCsinA =20
M
3
2
8
sinAsin sin 2 sinAsin sin
4 4
abc R
S B C R B C
R R
= = =
Vy ta c: S =10 (n v din tch)

Cu I V:
1. cho gn, k hiu BC =a, AC =b,
AC =c, OA =x, OB =y, OC =z.
Theo gi thit ta c:

2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
a y z
b x z
c x y
a b c
b c a
c a b
= +
= +
`
= +
)
< +
< +
< +

Suy ra, ABC l tam gic nhn, nn
trc tm H nm trong tam gic.
Gi AM, BK, CN l 3 ng cao
ca tam gic ABC.
Theo gi thit OA (OBC)
.
BC OA
BC OM
BC AM

`
)

Suy ra ZOMA = , ZOKB = ,ZONC =
Ta c: cos o =
OM
AM
.
Trong tam gic vung BOC ta c:
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
OM OB OC y z
= + = +
Suy ra: OM
2
=
2 2
2 2
y z
y z +
OM =
2 2
yz
y z +

Trong tam gic vung AOM:
AM
2
=OA
2
+OM
2
=x
2
+
2 2
2 2
y z
y z +

B

C
O
A
N
A
K
H
|
o
Hnh 15
M
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
54

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
x y y z x z x y y z z x
AM AM
y z y z
+ + + +
= =
+ +

Vy, cos o =
2 2 2 2 2 2
OM yz
AM
x y y z z x
=
+ +

Lp lun tng t ta cng c:
cos | =
2 2 2 2 2 2
xz
x y y z z x + +

cos =
2 2 2 2 2 2
xy
x y y z z x + +

Suy ra, cos o +cos | +cos =
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
3
1
3
xy yz xz xy yz xz
x y y z z x
xy yz xz
+ + + +
s =
+ +
+ +
(pcm)
Cch khc: cos o +cos | +cos =
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3( )
3
x y y z z x xy yz xz
x y y z z x x y y z z x
+ + + +
s =
+ + + +

2. a) (P) c vect php ( ) 1; 1;1 n=
. ng thng (d) qua A v (P) c phng

trnh:

1 3 2
1 1 1
x y z + + +
= =

Gi I l giao im ca (d) v (P), khi c to ca I l nghim ca h:

3 0
1 3 2
1 1 1
x y z
x y z
+ + =
+ + +
= =

Suy ra I(-2; -2; -3).
A' l im i xng ca A qua (P) e (d) v I l trung im ca AA'. Do A' c
to (x
o
; y
o
; z
o
)

0
1
2
2
x +
= ,
0
3
2
2
y +
= ,
0
2
3
2
z +
=
x
0
=-3; y

0
=-1, z
o
=4. Vy A' (-3; -1; -4).
b) ' BA
=(2; -8; -16) =2(1; -4; -8). BA' c phng trnh:

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
55

3 1 4
1 4 8
x y z + + +
= =

Gi M l giao im ca BA' vi (P) th to ca M l nghim ca h

( )
3 0
3 1 4
4;3;4
1 4 8
x y z
x y z
M
+ + =
+ + +
= =

Ta c: MA +MB =MA' +MB > A'B. Do MA + MB t gi tr nh nht khi
MA' + MB t gi tr nh nht bng A'B. Vy gi tr nh nht ca biu thc MA +
MB l A'B =
2 2 2
2 8 16 18 + + = , khi M l giao im ca ng thng A'B vi mt
phng (P).
Cu V:
Ta c: I =
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
1 3 1 3 1 3 3
2
3
3
2
0 0 0
1
1 1
1 1
x
n n n x
x x
x
d e
e dx
e d e
ex e
+
= = + +
+ +
} } }

=
( )
( ) ( )
1
1 3
2 1 1
1 3 0
2 2
0
1
2[ 1 1 ]
1
2
x n
x
n
x
e
e e
=
=
+
= + +

=
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 4 2 2 2 1
2 2
| |
| |
= =
|
|
\ .
\ .
.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
91
S 9

Cu I :
Cho hm s y =(x - 1) (x
2
+mx +m) (1)
1. Tm m th hm s (1) ct trc Ox ti 3 im phn bit
Phng trnh (x - 1) (x
2
+mx +m) c 3 nghim phn bit
Phng trnh x
2
+mx +m =0 c 2 nghim phn bit = 1

2
0 4
4 0
1
1 2 0
2
m m
m m
m m
< v >
A = >

= + =

2. Kho st v v th hm s (1) khi m =4
(Hc sinh t gii).
Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh 3cos
4
x - 8 cos
6
x +2cos
2
x +3 =0
Phng trnh 3(1 +cos 4x) - 2cos
2
x(4cos
4
x - 1) =0
6 cos
2
2x - 2cos
2
x (2cos
2
x +1) (2cos
2
x - 1) =0
6 cos
2
2x - 2cos
2
x (2cos
2
x +1) . cos2x =0
cos2x [3cos2x - cos
2
x (2cos
2
x +1)] =0
a) cos2x =0 2x =
2
k
+ x=
4 2
k
+
b) 3 (cos
2
- 1) - 2 cos
4
x - cos
2
x =0

-2 cos
4
x +5cos
2
x - 3 =0
cos
2
x =1 hoc cos
2
x =
3
2
(VN)
x=kt
2. Tm m phng trnh 4 (log
2
x)
2
-
1
2
log x +m =0 c nghim thuc
khong (0;1)
iu kin: x >0
Vi iu kin phng trnh
2
2
log x +m =0 (1)
t log
2
x =t
Phng trnh t
2
+t +m =0 (2)
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
92
phng trnh (1) c nghim x e (0; 1) iu kin cn v l phng trnh
(2) c nghim t e (- ; 0).
Do t
1
+t
2
=-1 nn nu (2) c nghim thi s c nghim m e (-; 0).
Vy ch cn A =1 - 4m > 0 m s
1
4
.
Cu I I I :
1. H s gc ca ng thng (d):
1
1
7
k = . Theo gi thuyt (d) l tip tuyn vi
ng trn ti im A(4; 2) nn tm I ca ng trn phi thuc ng thng (d
1
)
qua A v vung gc vi (d). H s gc ca (d
1
): k =-7. Phng trnh ng thng
(d
1
):
y - 2 =7(x - 4) y =- 7x +30
V I e (A) nn to ca I l nghim ca h phng trnh:
2x +y =0
y =-7x +30
Bn knh R ca ng trn l khong cch IA
R =IA =
2 2
2 14 200 10 2 + = =
Vy phng trnh ca ng trn l: (x - 6)
2
+(y +12)
2
=200
2. V cc mt i din nhau ca hnh lp phng song song nn mt phng
(BD'M) ct mp (CDC'D') ti N vi CN =A'M. Thit din BMD'N l hnh bnh
hnh c din tch S bng.
S =2S (BD'M) =MI.BD'
Trong MI l ng cao
k t M ca tam gic BD'M.
Suy ra S b nht khi MI b nht, tc MI
l on vung gc chng ca hai ng thng
cho nhau AA' v BD'. Ta chng minh rng on
vung gc chung chnh l M
o
O trong M
o

l trung im on BD'. Tht vy, cc tam gic
vung BAM
o
v D'A'M' bng nhau nn
BM
o
=D'M
o
suy ra trung tuyn M
o
O cng l ng cao
ca tam gic BMD', vy M
o
O BD'.
Mt khc AO =A'O =
1
'
2
BD nn OM
o
AA'.
I(6; -12)
D'
D
B C
N
O
A
A'
M
0

M
B'
I
Hnh 35
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
93
Vy thit din ca khi lp phng ct bi mp (BMD') c din tch b nht
khi M l trung im ca on AA'.
3. Khong cch gia hai ng thng AB v OM bng chiu cao hnh hp
dng trn cc vect , OM AB

v , OB
do :
h =
, .
,
OM AB OB
OM AB
(

(

Ta c:
OB
=(a; 0; 0);
3
; ;0 ; ( ;0; 3)
2 2
a a
OM AB a a
| |
= =
|
|
\ .

Suy ra
3 3
0 0 2 2 2 2
0 0 0 3 3
, ; ;
a a a a
a a a
O M AB

| |
|
(
=
|
|
\ .

=
2 2 2
3 3 3
; ;
2 2 2
a a a
| |
|
|
\ .

2
4 4 4
9 3 3 15
,
4 4 4 2
a
OM AB a a a
(
= + + =

3
3
, . ;0;0
2
a
OM AB OB
| |
(
=
|

\ .

6 3
9 3
, . 0 0
4 2
OM AB OB a a
| |
(
= + + =
|
|
\ .

h =
3
2
3
3 15
2
.
5 5 15
2
a
a a
a
= =
Cu I V:
1. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s:
y =x
6
+4 (2 - x
2
)
3
trn on [-1;1]
t x
2
=t (0 s t s 1).
y =x
6
+4(1 - x
2
)
3
=t
3
+4(1 - t)
3
=-3t
3
+12t
2
- 12t +4
Bi ton quy v tm minf(t); max f(t) vi:
f(t) =-3t
3
+12t
2
- 12t +4 (0 s s 1)
D'
x
B
M
C
O
A
z
a
y
a 3
Hnh 36
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
94
f'(t) =-9t
2
+24t - 12 =3(-3t
2
+8t - 4)
A' =16 - 12 =4 ; t
1
=
4 2 2
3 3
+
=
; t
2
=
4 2
2
3

Do 0 s t s 1:
f(0) =0, f(1) =1, f
2 4
3 9
| |
=
|
\ .

Vy c: min y =min f (t) =f
2 4
3 9
| |
=
|
\ .
, t khi x =
2
6
3
.
Max y =max f(t) =f(0) =4 khi x =0
2. Tnh tch phn I =
2 5
2
1
x in
x
in
e dx
e
}

t 1
x
e t = e
x
=t
2
+1; e
x
dx =2tdt
1n2 s t s 2
I =
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
1 1
1 .2
2 1
t tdt
t dt
t
+
} = } + =
3
2
1
8 1
2 2 2 1
3 3 3
t
t
| |
| |
= +
| |
\ .
\ .

=
7 20
2 1
3 3
| |
+ =
|
\ .

Cu V: Cc s t nhin gm 6 ch s khc nhau c chn t tp 6 ch s cho
c dng.
{ }
1 2 3 4 5 6
( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ; )
i i j
a a a a a a a a a e =
Sao cho a
1
+a
2
+a
3
=a
4
+a
5
+a
6
- 1
a
1
+a
2
+a
3
+a
4
+a
5
+a
6
=2(a
4
+a
5
+a
6
) - 1
21 =1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 =2(a
4
+a
5
a
6
) - 1
a
4
+a
5
+a
6
=11, suy ra: a
1
+a
2
+a
3
=10 (1)
V a
1
+a
2
+a
3
e {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} nn h thc (1) ch c th tho mn trong
ba kh nng sau (a
1
, a
2
, a
3
phn bit nhau):
a
1
=1, a
2
=3, a
3
=6 v cc hon v ca ba s 1, 3, 6
a
1
=1, a
2
=4, a
3
a
1
=2, a
2
=3, a
3
Mi b s a
1
, a
2
, a
3
nu trn to ra 3! hon v, mi hon v d li c ghp
vi 3! Hon v ca b s a
4
, a
5
, a
6
, v vy tng cng cc s t nhin gm 6 ch s
tho mn i hi ca bi l: 3.3!3! =3.6.6 =108 s.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
95
S 10

Cu I :
Cho hm s y =
2 1
1
x
x

1. Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s (1) . (Hc sinh t gii).
2. Phng trnh ng tim cn ng: x =1
Phng trnh ng tim cn ngang: y =2
y' (x) =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 2 1
1
1 1
x x x
x x

=

Gi x
o
l honh ca im M e (C). Theo gii thuyt tip tuyn ca (C) ti
im M vung gc vi ng thng IM nn phi c: y'(x
o
).k
IM
=-1
Trong k
Im
l h s gc ca ng thng IM
k
IM
=
( )
1
2
1
( ) 2 1
1
1
o M
M o
o
y x y y
y x x
x

= =

Th vo (2) ta c:
( )
2 2
1 1
. 1
( 1)
1
o
o
x
x
=

(x
o
- 1)
4
=1 x
o
- 1 =61

0, 1
2, 3
o o
o o
x y
x y
= =
= =

Vy c hai im M
1
(0;1) v M
2
(2;3) tho mn yu cu ca bi.
Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh

( )
2
2 3 cos 2sin
2 4
1
2cos 1
x
x
x
| |

|
\ .
=

iu kin: cosx
1
2
= .
Vi iu kin phng trnh:
(2 - 3) cos x - 1 os
2
c x
(
| |

| (
\ .
=2cos x - 1
3cos sin 0 x x + =
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
96

1 3
sin cos 0
2 2
x x =
sin 0
3 3
x x k

| |
= =
|
\ .

3
(2 1)
1 3
cos
2
x k
x n
x
= +

= + +
`
=

)

2. Gii bt phng trnh log
1 1 2
2 4
2log ( 1) log 6 0 x x + + s
iu kin: x >1.
Ta c log
1 2 1 2
2 4
1
log ;log ( 1) log ( 1)
2
x x x x = =
Do d bt phng trnh tng ng vi:
2 2 2
log log ( 1) log 6 0 x x + s
( )
2 2
log 1 log 6 x x ( >

2
6 ( 1) x x x > >

2
6 0
1
x x
x
>
`
>
)
x 3 >
Cu I I I :
1. a) Phng trnh d
1
,d
2
:
Gi (x
0
,y
0
) l to im tip xc, ta c phng trnh d
1
,d
2
c dng

0
0
1
4
x x
y y + =
D
1
,d
2
qua M(-2;3) nn
0
0 0 0
( 2)
.3 1 2(3 1).
4
x
y x y
+ = =
(x
0
,y
0
) l tip im ca d
1
, d
2
vi (E) nn:
2
2 0
0
1
4
y
x
+ = (1)
Th x
0
=2(3y
0
1) vo (1) ta c
( )
2 2
2
0 0
0 0
3 1 1 10 6 0 y y
y y
+ = =

0 0
3
0,
5
y y = =
Vi y
0
=0 ta c x
0
=-2 v c d
1
: x =-2.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
97
Vi y
0
=
3
5
ta c x
0
=
8
5
v c d
2
:
2 x +3y - 5 =0.
b) D nhn thy rng tip tuyn d qua N(5;n) khng song song vi d
1
; do
d
1
//d
2
theo tnh cht i xng ca (E) th d c phng trnh 2 x +3y - 5 =0 ( v
qua im i xng ca (-2;3) qua O l (2;-3)).
d i qua N (5; n) nn 2.5 +3.n +5 =0 n =5.
2. Gi H l trung im ca BC.
Do S.ABC u l AABC nn chn ng cao O ca S.ABC trng vi giao im 3
ng cao AABC v ASBC cn ti S. Suy ra BCSH, BCAH nn ZABC =.
a). Ta c AH =
3 1 3
2 3 2
a a
HO AH = = .
Trong ASHO c SO =HOtag =
3
6
a
tag,
SH =
6
os 6cos
HO a
c
=
Din tch AABC: S =
2
3
4
a
.
Vy th tch ca hnh chp S.ABC l:
V =
2 2
1 1 3 3
. . .
3 3 4 6 24
a a a tag
SSO tag

= =
b) Din tch AABC l

1 1 6
. .
2 2 6 os
ABC
a
BC SH a
c
S

= = .
Gi h l khong cch t A n mp (SBC) ta c:

3
2
3
1 3 3sin
24
.
3 2 3
12 os
ABVC
ABC
a tag
V a
V S h h
a
c
S
= = = = .
Cch khc: Chn dng cao ca t din S.ABC nm trn SH. T h =AH
sin =
3
sin
2
a
.
3. Ta vit mt phng (P) i qua I, K v lp vi mp (xOy) mt gc 30
0
di dng
on chn, tc (P) c phng trnh:
B
C
O
h
A
S

a
Hnh 37
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
98
1
3 1
x y z
b
+ + =
(d thy nu (P) qua I, K v // Ox th n to vi mp (xOy) mt gc = 30
0
).
Mt phng (xOy) c vect php 1 n
=(0;0;1).
Mt phng (P) c vect php
2
1 1
; ;1
3
n
b
| |
=
|
\ .
.
Suy ra:
1 2
0
2 2
.
3
os30
2
.
n n
c
n n
= =

2 2 2
2 2
1 1
0. 0. 1.1
3 3
2 1 1
0 0 1 1
3
b
b
+ +
=
+ + + +

2 2
2 2
1 3 1 1 4
1
1 1
4 3 3
1
3
b
b
= + + =
+ +

2 2
1 4 1 2
1
3 3 9 b
= =
3 2
2
b =
Vy phng trnh cc mt phng qua I, K cn tm l:

3 2
1
3 2 1
x z
+ + = , 1
3 1 3 2
2
x y z
+ =
Cu I V:
1. C 3 kh nng:
5 Nam v 1 n c
1
7 C
cch chn
4 nam v 2 n c
4 2
5 7
.
C C
cch
3 nam v 3 n c
3 3
5 7
.
C C
cch
Tng s cch chn 6 em trong s n t hn 4 l

1 4 2 3 3
7 5 7 5 7
. . 7 5.21 10.35 C C C C C + + = + + = 462 cch
2. f' (2) =
2
6
3( 1)
( )
( 1)
x x
x
a b e xe
x
+
+ +
+

2
3
( 1)
( 1)
x
a
be x
x
= + +
+

F'(0) =-3a +b

1 1 1
3
0 0 0
( ) ( 1) ( 1) ( )
x
f x dx a x d x b xd e
= + + +
} } }

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
99

1 2
0
1 1
( 1)
.
0 0 2
x x
x
a b xe e dx
| |
= +
|
\ .
}

1
1 . ( 1)
2 4
a
be b e
| |
= +
|
\ .

3
8
a
b = +
Ta c h:
3 22
3
5
8
a b
a
b
= =
+ =

8
2
a
b
=

Cu V:
Chng minh rng
2
cos 2
2
x
x
e x x x IR + > + e (1)
chng minh bt ng thc (1) ta ln lt chng minh hai bt ng thc sau:
a) 1 ,
x
e x x R > + e
b) cos x
2
1
2
x
x R > e
Chng minh a)Lp hm s f(x) =e 1
x
x
f' (x) =e 1
x

f' (x) =0 x =0
Chiu bin thin:
x - 0 +
f'(x) - 0 +
f(x)
Min f(x)

T bng bin thin ta c min ( ) (0) 0
k R
f x f
e
= =
Suy ra 1
x
e x x R > + e
Chng minh b) Lp hm g(x) =cosx +
2
1
2
x

g(x) l hm chn, ch cn xt x > 0
g'(x) =- sinx =x
g"(x) =-cosx +1 > 0
g'(x) ng bin trn khong [0; +] g'(x) > g'(0) =0 x > 0
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
100
g(x) ng bin trn khong [0; +] g (x) > g(0) =0 x > 0.
V g(-x) =g(x) g(x) > 0 x e IR cosx > 1-
2
2
x
x IR e
T a) v b) ta dc iu phi chng minh.
Ch thch: cc bt ng thc a) v b) c nhiu ng dng trong nhiu bi ton khc.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
113
S 14

Cu I :
1. Bn c t gii.
2. y' = 3x
2
- 4mx +m
2

Phng trnh y' =0 c mt nghim x = 1 m
2
- 4m +3 =0
m =1 hoc m = - 3. khi nghim kia x =
4
3
m
.
Vi x
1
<x
2
l hai nghim ca phng trnh y' =0 th hm s t cc tiu ti x
2
.
Suy ra m =1 khng tha, m = - 3 tha.
Cu I I :
1. k: ,
2
k
x k
= e
1 1
2( osx-sinx)+ 0
sinx osx
1
( osx-sinx)(2+ ) 0
sinx.cosx
osx-sinx=0
os(x+ ) 0
4 1
sinx.cosx=-
sin2 1
2
4
,
4
pt c
c
c
c
c
x
x k
k
x k

=
=

=

=

= +
= +

2. k: 2 x=
bpt 2
x-1
+6x 11 >4x 8 2
x-1
>3 2x
Vi x > 2: Ta thy bpt lun tha mn.
Vi x s 2: bpt 2
x-1
<3- 2x (1)
Xt f(x) =2
x-1
l hm ng bin trn R
g(x) =3-2x l hm nghch bin trn R.
Bt phng trnh (1) tng ng f(x) > g(x) (2)
Nu x <1: f(x) <f(1) =g(1) <g(x): bpt khng tha (2).
Nu 1 < x s 2: f(x) >f(1) =g(1) >g(x): tha (2).
Nu x = 1: f(x) = f(1) = g(1) = g(x): khng tha (2).
Vy tp nghim ca bpt l S =(1; +)
Cch 2. bpt 2
x-1
+6x 11 >4x 8 2
x-1
- 3 +2x >0 (3)
Xt f(x) =2
x-1
+2x - 3.
f '(x) =2
x-1
ln2 +2 >0, x.
(3) f(x) >0 =f(1) x >1.
Cu I I I :
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
114
1. Gi A(a; 2a + 5).
Do 2 IA IB =

nn B l trung im ca IA suy ra B
2 2 5
( ; )
2 2
a a +

V
2
2 2 5
3 0 1
2 2
a a
B d a
+
e + = = . Vy A(1;7)
Ta c (3;7) ( 7;3) IA n = =

.
Vy ptt (d) l: -7(x 2) +3y =0 hay -7x +3y +14 =0.
2. Chn M(3; 6; 1) e(d) v ( 2;2;1)
d
u =

Ta c:

( 4; 2;5); ( 2;2;1) [AB; ]=(-12;-6;-12)
[AB; ].AM 0
d d
d
AB u u
u
= =
=

Vy t (d) v AB ng phng.
Ta c pt tham s t (d) l:
3 2
6 2
1
x t
y t
z t
=
= +
= +

Gi C(3 2t; 6 +2t; 1+t), do ABC cn ti A nn AB =AC
Suy ra: (1 +2t)
2
+(4 +2t)
2
+(1 t)
2
=(3- 2t)
2
+(6 +2t)
2
+(6 t)
2

7
2
t =
Vy C(-4; 13; 9/2)
3. K ( ) AM BC BC SMA
Trong SAM k ( ) AH SM AH SBC
Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 4 3
9 3 9 2
a
AH
AH SA AM a a a
= + = + = =

Cu I V:
1.
3 3 3 2
3
3 2 2 1
1 1 1
1 ln(1 )
( ) (ln )
(1 ) 1 2
ln4 ln2 1 3
ln 3 ln
2 2 2 2
dx dx x x
I dx x
x x x x x x
+
= = = =
+ + +
= + =
} } }

2. (2 +x)
10
=a
0
+a
1
x +a
2
x +.+a
100
x .
Ta c:
100
100 100
100
0
(2 ) .2 .
k k k
k
x C x
=
+ =

Mt khc:
S
C
B
M
H
A
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
115

2 98
100
2 100 100 100
100
3 97
0
3 100
98 97
2 3
.2
(2 ) .2
.2
100! 100!
.2 .2 6 98
98!.2! 97!.3!
k k
k
k
a C
x a C
a C
a a
=
=
+ = =

=
< < <

Nh vy a
2
<a
3

Ta c:

100 100 1
1
100! 100!
.2 .2
(100 )!. ! (100 1)!.( 1)!
98
( 1).2 100 .
3
k k
k k
a a
k k k k
k k k

+
< <
+
+ < <

Vy 0 32 k s s
Cu V:
2
x
sinx+
2
x
y e =
Ta c:
' "
( ) osx+x; f ( ) sinx+1>0, x
x x
f x e c x e = = + e
Suy ra f
(x) l hm ng bin.
Nu x > 0: f (x) > f (0) = 0 hay f(x) l hm ng bin trn (0; +).
Nu x < 0: f (x) < f (0) = 0 hay f(x) l hm nghch bin trn (-; 0).
Ta c bng bin thin:
x - 0
+
f (x) - 0 +
f(x) +
+
0
T bng bin thin suy ra gi tr nh nht ca f(x) = 0 khi x = 0 v pt f(x) =3 lun
c hai nghim phn bit.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
116
S 15

Cu I :
1. Bn c t gii.
2. Ta c:
2 2
2 2
(2 2 )( 1) 2 2 2 2 2
'
( 1) ( 1)
x m x x mx x x m
y
x x
+ +
= =

hm s c 2 cc tr th pt y =0 c 2 nghim phn bit
2
2 2 2 0 x x m + = c 2 nghim phn bit 1
' 1 2 2 0
3
2 3 2
m
m
m
A = + >
<

Ta c pt ng thng i qua cc cc tr l y =2x 2m hay 2x y 2m =0.
Suy ra pcm.
Cu I I :
1. sin4x.sin7x =cos3x.cos6x
cos3x cos11x =cos3x +cos9x
cos9x +cos11x =0
2.cos10x.cosx =0
os10x =0
20 10
osx =0
2
k
x
c
c
x k

= +

= +

2.
3
log log 3
x
x> (k: x > 0; x 1)
t t = log
3
x, bpt tr thnh:
2
1 0
1 1 1
0 0
1
t
t
t t
t t t t
< <
> > >

>

Suy ra:
3
3
1
1 log 0 1
3
log 1
3
x x
x
x
< < < <

>
>

Vy tp nghim ca bpt l: S =(1/3;1)(3; +)
Cu I I I :
2. a) Ta c: ( 1;1;1) AM =

T suy ra pt ng thng AM l:
2 x t
y t
z t
=

Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca O ln AM, ta c H(2 t; t;
t) (2 ; ; ) OH t t t =

M
2 4 2 2
2 0 ( ; ; )
3 3 3 3
OH AM t t t t H + + = =

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
117
Mt khc H l trung im ca OO nn
8 4 4
'( ; ; )
3 3 3
O
b) Theo gi thit A,M,B,C ng phng nn [ ; ].AM 0 AB AC =

. Ta c:
( 2; ;0); =(-2;0;c); AM ( 1;1;1)
[AB; ] =(bc; 2c; 2b) [AB; ].AM 2 2 0
2
AB b AC
AC AC bc c b
bc
b c
= =
= + + =
+ =

Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
( ) 4 4 2 8
2 2
dt ABC b c b c b c bc = + + =
Theo trn 2 4 16
2
bc
b c bc bc bc = + > > >
Khi :
2 2 2
1 1 1
( ) 2 8 2( 2) 8 384 4 6
2 2 2
dt ABC b c bc bc = = > =
Vy dt(ABC) nh nht l 4 6 khi b =c =4.
Cu I V:
1.
3 3
osx osx
0 0
sin2 2 . osx.sin
c c
I e xdx e c xdx

= =
} }

t t = cosx sin dx. dt x =
Vi x = 0t =1; vi
1
3 2
x t
= =

1
1
2
2. .
t
I e tdt =
}

t
1
1 1
1 1
2 2 1
2
2 2
2. 2. 2 2
t t
t t t
u t du dt
dv edt v e
I te edt e e e e
= =

= =

= = =
}

2.
0 0
(1 2 ) .(2 ) .2.
n n
n k k k k k
n n
k k
x C x C x
= =
+ = =

Vi .2
k k
k n
a C =
*) a
2
<a
3

2 2 3 3
.2 .2 3 2( 2)
n n
C C n < < (hin nhin ng vi n > 3)
*) Gi a
k
l h s ln nht, suy ra:
1 1
1
1 1
1
.2 .2 1 (6 ).2 3 11
4
(6 1).2 3 14
.2 .2
k k k k
k k n n
k k k k
k k
n n
a a C C k k k
k
a a k k k
C C

+ +
+
> > + > >
=

> + > s
>

Vy h s ln nht l a
4
.
Cu V:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
118
2
sin 2sin .sin .tan os sin .sin
2 2
1 osA=cos(B - C) - cos(B +C)
cos(B - C) =1 B =C
A A
A B C c B C
c
= =
+

Vy t gi thit
2 2
A
os sin os sin
2 2
A
c B c B = =
Khi :
A
1-sin
2
S =
A
cos
2

t
A
t =cos
2
v
0 0
2
0 90 1
2
A t < s s <
Ta c
2
1- 1 - t 2
S =f(t) = , [ ;1)
t 2
te
2
2
1- 1 - t 2
f '(t) = 0, [ ;1)
t 2
t > e
Vy S
min
=f(
2
2
) = 2 1 khi A = 90
0
, B =C =45
0
.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
147
S 23

CAU I:
1. Khao sat ( )
2
x 3x 3
y C
x 1
+ +
=
+

MX: { } D R\ 1 =
( )
+
= = + = = =
+
2
2
2
x 2x
y' ,y' 0 x 2x 0 x 0hayx 2
x 1

BBT.
x -2 -1 0 +
y'
+ 0 - - 0 +
y

-1 +

3
+

Tiem can: x =- 1 l tim cn ng
y =x +2 latim cn xien
2. Tm m ept
2
x 3x 3
m
x 1
+ +
=
+
co4 nghiem phan biet.

Ta co:

( )
+ +
>
+ + +
= =

+
+ +
<
+
2
2
2
x 3x 3
neux 1
x 1 x 3x 3
y
x 1
x 3x 3
neux 1
x 1

Do ooth
+ +
=
+
2
x 3x 3
y
x 1
coc bang cach:
Ginguyen phan oth(C) cox >-1
Lay oi xng qua Ox phan oth(C) cox<-1
Nhoth
2
x 3x 3
y
x 1
+ +
=
+
, ta cokt qu:
Phng trnh
2
x 3x 3
m
x 1
+ +
=
+
co4 nghiem phan biet m >3
-1
-1
2
y
x
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
148
CAU II. 1. Giai bat phng trnh ( )
2
2
2x x
x 2x
1
9 2 3 1
3
| |
s
|
\ .

Ta co(1)
2 2
x 2x x 2x
9 2.3 3

s . at
= >
2
x 2x
t 3 0, (1) tr thanh:
s s s
2
t 2t 3 0 1 t 3.
Do o, (1)

s s < s
2 2
x 2x x 2x 1
1 3 3 0 3 3
2 2
x 2x 1 x 2x 1 0 1 2 x 1 2 s s s s +
2. Giai phng trnh ( ) + + = sin2x cos2x 3sinx cosx 2 0 2
(2)
2
2sinxcosx 1 2sin x 3sinx cosx 2 0 + + =
( )
2
2sin x 2cosx 3 sinx cosx 1 0 + + =
( ) + + + =
2
2sin x 2cosx 3 sinx cosx 1 0( 3 )
(phng trnh bac 2 theo sinx)
( ) ( )( ) ( ) A = + + = +
2 2
2cosx 3 4 2 cosx 1 2cosx 1
Vay (2)
+
= =

+ + +
= = +
2cosx 3 2cosx 1 1
sinx
4 2
2cosx 3 2cosx 1
sinx cosx 1
4

= + =
1
sinx cosx 1hay sinx
2

t t | |
= = =
|
\ .
2 1
sin x sin hay sinx
4 2 4 2

t t t
= + t = t + t = + t = + t
5
x k2 hayx k2 hayx k2 hayx k2
2 6 6
.
Cach 2. (3) ( )
= (2sinx 1) sinx cosx 1 0
CAU III.
1. Goi ( ) I a,b latam cua ng tron (C)
Phng trnh ng trn (C), tam I, ban knh R 10 = la:
( ) ( )
2 2
x a y b 10 + =
( ) ( ) ( )
e + = + + =
2 2
2 2
A C 0 a 5 b 10 a b 10b 15 0 (1)
( ) ( ) ( )
e + =
+ + =
2 2
2 2
B C 2 a 3 b 10
a b 4a 6b 3 0 (2)

(1) va( 2)
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
149
= = + + =

= =
+ =
2 2
a 1 a 3
a b 10b 15 0
hay
b 2 b 6
4a 4b 12 0

Vay ta co2 ng tron

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
x 1 y 2 10
x 3 y 6 10
+ + =
+ =

2. i) Xt trng hp:
( ) ( ) ( )
A 0;0;0 ;B 2;0;0 ;C 2;2;0 ;D(0;2;0)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
A 0;0;2 ;B 2;0;2 ;C 2;2;2 ;D 0;2;2
Mf( )
1 1
AB D cocap vc t ch phng la:
( )
=
1
AB 2;0;2
( )
=
1
AD 0;2;2
mp ( )
1 1
AB D comt vc t php tuyn la ( )
(
= =

1 1
1
u AB ,AD 1, 1,1
4

mp ( )
1
AMB cocap vc t ch phng la:
( )
=
AM 2;1;0 , M(2; 1; 0)
( )
=
1
AB 2;0;2
mp ( )
1
AMB co1 PVT la
( )
(
= =

1
v AM,AB 1; 2; 1
2

Ta co: ( ) ( ) ( ) = + =

u.v 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 u v ( ) ( )
1 1 1
AB D AMB
ii) Xt trng hp:
( ) ( ) ( )
A 0;0;0 ;B 2;0;0 ;C 2;0;2 ;D(0;0;2)
b)
( )
=
1
AC 2;2;2 Pt tham so
=
1
x t
AC : y t
z t
,
( )
e
1
N AC N t;t;t
Pt ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + = + =
1 1
AB D : x 0 y 0 z 0 0 x y z 0

( )
+
= = =
1 1 1
t t t t
d N,AB D d
3 3

Pt ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = =
1
AMB : x 0 2 y 0 z 0 0 x 2y z 0
( )

= = =
+ +
1 2
t 2t t 2t
d N,AM B d
1 4 1 6

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
150

= = = =
1
2
t
t d 6 6 2
3
2 t d 2 t 2 3 2 3
6

Vay tsokhoang cach t ( )
1
N AC N A t 0 e = = ti 2 mat phang ( )
1 1
AB D va
( )
1
AMB khong phuthuoc vao vtr cua iem N.
CAU IV:
1. Tnh
( ) ( )
/ 2 / 2
2
0 0
1 cos2x
I 2x 1 cos xdx 2x 1 dx
2
t t
+ | |
= =
|
\ .
} }

( )
t t
t t
(
= = =

}
2
/ 2 / 2
2
1
0 0
1 1
I 2x 1 dx x x
2 2 8 4

t
=
}
/ 2
2
0
1
I (2x 1)cos2xdx
2

= = = =
1 1
atu (2x 1) du dx,dv cos2xdxchonv sin2x
2 2

t
t t
= = =
}
/ 2
/ 2 /2
2
0 0
0
1 1 1 1
I (2x 1)sin2x sin2xdx cos2x
4 2 4 2

Do o ( )
2
/ 2
2
0
1
I 2x 1 cos x
8 4 2
t
t t
= =
}

2. Taco:
2 2
n n n n
2P 6A P A 12 + = ( ) n N,n 1 e >
( ) ( )
6n! n!
2n! n! 12
n 2 ! n 2 !
+ =
( )
( ) ( )
n!
6 n! 2 6 n! 0
n 2 !
=

( ) = =
n!
6 n! 0hay 2 0
(n 2)!
= = n! 6hay n(n 1) 2 0
= =
2
n 3hay n n 2 0 = = > n 3hay n 2(v n 2)
CAU V. Cho x, y, z la3 sodng thoa man xyz =1
Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
x y z 3
1 y 1 z 1 x 2
+ + >
+ + +

Ta co:
2 2
x 1 y x 1 y
2 . x
1 y 4 1 y 4
+ +
+ > =
+ +

Tng t:
2 2
y 1 z y 1 z
2 y
1 z 4 1 z 4
+ +
+ > =
+ +
,
2 2
z 1 x z 1 x
2 z
1 x 4 1 x 4
+ +
+ > =
+ +

Cong ba bat ang thc tren vetheo veta co:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
151
( )
2 2 2
x 1 y y 1 z z 1 x
x y z
1 y 4 1 z 4 1 x 4
| | | | | |
+ + +
+ + + + + > + +
| | |
+ + +
\ . \ . \ .

( )
2 2 2
x y z 3 x y z
x y z
1 y 1 z 1 x 4 4
+ +
+ + > + + +
+ + +

( ) 3 x y z 3
4 4
+ +
>

3 3 9 3 6 3
.3
4 4 4 4 4 2
> = = = ( v
3
x y z 3 xyz 3 + + > = )
Vay
2 2 2
x y z 3
1 y 1 z 1 x 2
+ + >
+ + +
.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
125
S 18

CU I :
1. Khi m =1 th
2
x 2x 2
y
x 1
+
=
(1)
- TX: D =R \ {1}
-
( )
2
2
x 2x
y'
x 1
, y' 0 = = = x 0hay x 2
- BBT:

x 0 1 2 +
y' 0 0

y

2 + +

6

- Tiem can:
x 1 = lapt t/c ng
y =x +3 lapt t/c xien
2. Tm m :
Ta co
( )
2 2
2
x 2mx m 1
y'
x m
+
=

Ham so(*) co2 cc trnam ve2 pha truc tung:
y' 0 = co2 nghiem trai dau
2
1 2
x x P m 1 0 1 m 1 = = < < <

CU I I :
1. Hephng trnh:

( ) ( )
+ + + =
+ + + + =
2 2
x y x y 4
x x y 1 y y 1 2

+ + + =

+ + + + = =
2 2
2 2
x y x y 4
x y x y xy 2 xy 2

t = + = = + + + =
2 2 2 2 2 2
S x y;P xy S x y 2xy x y S 2P
Vay
( )

+ = =

= =
+ =
2
2
S 2P S 4 P 2
I
S 0,S 1
S P S 2

2
2
x
y
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
126
1
S x y 0
TH :
P xy 2
= + =
= =
x, y la nghiem cua phng trnh:

=
2
X 2 0 2 X =
Suy ra 2 nghim
x 2
x 2
hoc
x 2
y 2

2
S x y 1
TH :
P xy 2
= + =
= =
x, y langhiem cua phng trnh:

2
X X 2 0 + =
=
X 1
X 2
.
Suy ra 2 nghiem
x 1
y 2
=
;
x 2
y 1
=

Tom lai hePt (I) co4 nghiem:
x 2
y 2
;
x 2
y 2
;
x 1
y 2
=
;
=
x 2
y 1

Cch 2:
Phng trnh cho:

+ + + =

+ + + + =
2 2
2 2
x y x y 4
x y x y xy 2

+ + + =
2 2
x y x y 4
xy 2

+ + + =
2
(x y) x y 0
xy 2

= = + =
+ =
= =
=
+ =
+ = = =

=

=
= = + =
2
2
x y x y
x y 0
x y 0
xy 2 x 2
x 2
x y 1
x y 1 y 1 x
y 1 x
xy 2
xy 2
x 1,x 2 x x 2 0

Suy ra 4 nghim:
x 2
y 2
;
x 2
y 2
;
x 1
y 2
=
;
=
x 2
y 1

2. Tm nghiem ( ) 0, e t
Ta co
2 2
x 3
4sin 3cos2x 1 2cos x
2 4
t | |
= +
|
\ .
(1)
(1) ( )
3
2 1 cosx 3cos2x 1 1 cos 2x
2
t | |
= + +
|
\ .

2 2cosx 3cos2x 2 sin2x =
2cosx 3cos2x sin2x = . Chia hai vecho 2:
=
3 1
cosx cos2x sin2x
2 2

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
127
( ) cos 2x cos x
6
t | |
+ = t
|
\ .

( ) ( )
t t t
= + = + t
5 2 7
x k a hay x k2 b
18 3 6

Do ( ) x 0, e t nen honghiem (a) chchon k =0, k =1, honghiem (b) chchon
k =1. Do ota coba nghiem x thuoc ( ) 0,t la
1 2 3
5 17 5
x ,x ,x
18 18 6
t t t
= = =
CAU III:
1. Toa onh B langhiem cua hept
( )
=

x 2y 4 0
B 0; 2
7x 4y 8 0

V ABC A can tai A nen AG lang cao cua ABC A
V GA BC pt GA: + = + =
4 1
2(x ) 1(y ) 0 2x y 3 0
3 3
2x y 3 0 + =
GA BC =H
( )
+ =

2x y 3 0
H 2; 1
x 2y 4 0

Ta coAG 2GH =

vi A(x,y).
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

4 1 4 1
AG x; y ;GH 2 ; 1
3 3 3 3

=
x 0
1 8
y
3 3

( )
A 0;3
Ta co:
+ + + +
= =
A B C A B C
G G
x x x y y y
x vay
3 3
( ) C 4,0
Vay
( ) ( ) ( )
A 0;3 ,C 4;0 ,B 0; 2
2. a) Ta co
( )
=
BC 0; 2;2
- mp (P) qua
( )
O 0;0;0 vavuong goc vi BC cophng trnh la
+ = = 0.x 2y 2z 0 y z 0
- Ta co
( )
=
AC 1; 1;2 , phng trnh tham socua AC la

x 1 t
y 1 t
z 2t
=
.
Thept (AC) vao pt mp (P). Ta co
1
1 t 2t 0 t
3
= = . The
1
t
3
= vao pt (AC)
ta co
| |
|
\ .
2 2 2
M ; ;
3 3 3
lagiao iem cua AC vi mp (P)
b) Vi
( )
A 1;1;0
( )
B 0;2;0
( )
C 0;0;2 .Ta co:
( )
=
AB 1;1;0 ,
( )
=
AC 1; 1;2
= =

AB.AC 1 1 0 AB AC ABC A vuong tai A
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
128
- Ta dethay BOC A cung vuong tai O. Do oA, O cung nhn oan BC
di 1 goc vuong. Do oA, O nam tren mat cau ng knh BC, secotam I la
trung iem cua BC. Ta dedang tm dc
( )
I 0;1;1
2 2
R 1 1 2 = + =
Vay pt mat cau ngoai tiep tdien OABC la: ( ) ( )
2 2
2
x y 1 z 1 2 + + =
CAU IV:
1. Tnh
t t
= =
} }
/3 /3
2 2
0 0
sinx
I sin xtgxdx sin x. dx
cosx

( )
2
/3
0
1 cos x sinx
I dx
cosx
t

=
}
, at u cosx = du sinxdx =
oi can
( )
| | t
= =
|
\ .
1
u ,u 0 1
3 2

( )
( )
2
1/ 2
1
1 u du
I
u

=
}
=
1
1
2
1/ 2 1/ 2
1 u 3
u du lnu ln2
u 2 8
(
| |
= =
( |
\ .

}

2. Goi =
1 2 3 4 5 6
n aa a a a a lasocan lap
+ + =
3 4 5
ycbt: a a a 8 { } { } e e
3 4 5 3 4 5
a ,a ,a 1,2,5 hay a ,a ,a 1,3,4
a) Khi { }
3 4 5
a ,a ,a 1,2,5 e

Co6 cach chon
1
a , 5 cach chon
2
a , 3! cach chon
3 4 5
a ,a ,a , 4 cach chon
6
a
Vay ta co6.5.6.4 =720 son
b) Khi { }
3 4 5
a ,a ,a 1,3,4 e tng tta cung co720 son
Theo qui tac cong ta co720 +720 =1440 son
Cch 2: Khi { }
3 4 5
a ,a ,a 1,2,5 e
Co3! =6 cach chon
3 4 5
a a a . Co
3
6
A cach chon
1 2 6
a ,a ,a
Vay ta co6. 4.5.6 =720 son
Khi { }
3 4 5
a ,a ,a 1,3,4 e tng tta cung co720 son
Theo qui tac cong ta co720 +720 =1440 son
CAU V: Ta co: Vi a, b, c, d khng m. Theo Cauchy:
a +b > 2 ab, du ng thc xy ra khi ch khi a =b.
c +d > 2 cd, du ng thc xy ra khi ch khi c =d.
Suy ra a +b +c +d > 2 ab+ >
4
2 cd 4 abcd
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
129
p dng:
4 x x x
3 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 + = + + + >
+ > =
8 4 x x x
3 4 2 4 2. 4 . Tng t + > =
8 4 y y y
3 4 2 4 2. 4

8 z z
3 4 2 4 + >
Vay
(
+ + + + + > + +
(

8 8 8 x y z x y z
3 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 4 4

3 8 x y z
6 4 .4 .4 >
24 x y z
6 4 6
+ +
> = .

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
160
S 26

Cu I :
1. Kho st hm s.
1
0
. TX: { } \ 1 R
2
0
. Chiu bin thin:

2
2
2
' ; ' 0 0 2
( 1)
x x
y y x x
x
+
= = = v =
+
.
Tim cn ng: x = - 1, tim cn xin y =x - 2

3
0
. th (Bn c t v th).
2. Gi d l ng thng i qua A(0; 5).
Khi phng trnh ca d c dng: y = kx + 5.
d l tip tuyn ca (C) khi v ch khi h phng trnh sau c nghim:

2
1
2 5 (1)
1
1
1 (2)
( 1)
x kx
x
k
x
+ =
=
+

Thay k (2) vo(1), ta c:
2
2
3 8 4 0 2
3
x x x x + + = = v =
Thay vo (2): x =-2 ta c k = 0. Suy ra phng trnh tip tuyn y = - 5.
x =-
2
3
ta c k =- 8. Suy ra phng trnh tip tuyn y = - 8x - 5.
Cu I I :
1. K: os2x 0 c = .
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi:

2 2
os2xtan 2 3 os2x =0 tan 2 0
6 2
c x c x x k

+ = = + ( tho iu kin)
2. Phng trnh cho tng ng vi:
3 2 1 (3 2) ( 1) 6 2 (3 2)( 1) x x x x x x + = + + + +
x - - 2 - 1 0 +
y'

y
- 5 + +

- - - 1

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
161

( )
2
3 2 1 3 2 1 6 x x x x + = +

( ) ( )
2
3 2 1 3 2 1 6 0 x x x x + + =

3 2 1 2 (1)
3 2 1 3 (2)
x x
x x
+ =

+ =

(1) v nghim
(2)
3 2 1 2 (3 2)( 1) 9
1
x x x x
x
+ + =

>
(3 2)( 1) 6 2
1
x x x
x

>

2 2
(3 2)( 1) (6 2 ) 19 34 0
2
1 3 1 3
x x x x x
x
x x
= + =
=

s s s s

Cu I I I :
1.
1
A i qua M
1
(1; - 1; 2) v c vc t ch phng (1; 1; 0) a=
.

2
A i qua M
2
(3; 1; 0) v c vc t ch phng ( 1; 2; 1) b=
.
Mt phng (P) i qua
1
A v song song
2
A nn (1; 1; 0) a=
, ( 1; 2; 1) b=
l cp
ch phng. Suy ra vc t php tuyn ca (P) l : , ( 1; 1; 1) n a b
(
= =

.
Vy phng trnh (P) l: (x - 1) +(y +1) - ( z- 2) =0 x +y - z +2 =0.
2. AB ngn nht khi ch khi AB l on vung gc chung ca
1
A v
2
A .
Cch 1. Vit phng trnh ng vung gc chung ca
1
A v
2
A . Xc nh ta
cc giao im vi
1
A v
2
A .
Gi (P) l mt phng i qua
2
A v song song
1
A . Khi , (P) i qua M
2
(3; 1; 0)
v c cp ch phng
1
a
=(1; - 1; 0),
2
a
=(- 1; 2; 1), nn c mt vc t php

tuyn
P
n
=(1; 1; - 1).
Suy ra phng trnh mf(P): x - 3 +y - 1 - z =0, hay x +y - z - 4 =0.
Gi (Q) l mt phng i qua
1
A v vung gc (P) . Khi , (Q) i qua M
1
(1; - 1;
2) v c cp ch phng
1
a
=(1; - 1; 0),
P
n
=(1; 1; - 1), nn c mt vc t php

tuyn
Q
n
=(1; 1; 2).
Suy ra phng trnh (Q): x - 1 +y +1 +2(z - 2) =0, hay x +y +z - 4 =0.
Gi d
1
' l hnh chiu ca d
1
trn (P) th d
1
' l giao ca (P) v (Q). Do vy, d
1
' i
qua M'(2; 2; 0) v c mt vc t ch phng [ , ]
P Q
a n n =

=(2; - 2; 0). Suy ra, d
1
' c
phng trnh:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
162

2
2
0
x t
y t
z
= +

B l giao im ca d
1
' v
2
A .
Phng trnh tham s ca
2
A :
3 '
1 2 '
'
x t
y t
z t
=
= +

Xt h phng trnh
3 ' 2
1 2 ' 2
' 0
t t
t t
t
= +
+ =
Suy ra B(3; 1; 0)
A l giao im ca dng thng d qua B, vung gc vi (P) vi
1
A .
d c mt vc t ch phng
P
n
=(1; 1; - 1), nn c phng trnh:

3 '
1 '
'
x t
y t
z t
= +
= +

H phng trnh:

3 ' 1
1 ' 1
' 2
t t
t t
t
+ = +
+ =
A(1; - 1; 2)
Cch 2. Phng trnh tham s ca
2
A :
3 '
1 2 '
'
x t
y t
z t
=
= +

A thuc
1
A nn A(1 +t; - 1 - t; 2), B thuc
2
A nn B(3 - t'; 1 +2t'; t').
Suy ra (2 ' ;2 2 ' ; ' 2) AB t t t t t = + +
.
AB l on vung gc chung ca
1
A v
2
A
. 0
. 0
AB a ABa
AB b ABb

=

=

' 0 t t = = .
Vy A(1, - 1; 2), B(3; 1; 0).
Cch 3. Ta c:
2 2 2
(2 ' ) (2 2 ' ) ( ' 2) AB t t t t t = + + + + . Suy r
Cch 4. Ta c M
1
(1; - 1; 2), M
2
(3; 1; 0)
1 1
M M

=(2; 2; - 2). AB nh nht khi t
=t' =0.
Thy ngay
1 2
M M a

,
1 2
M M b

. Suy ra:
1 2
, M A M B .
Cu I V:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
163
1. Trong
10
5
2 1
dx
I
x x
=

}
t t =
2
1 1 2 x x t dx tdt = + = .

3 3 3 3 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 (2 2 2) ( 2 1)
2
2 1 2 1 2 1 ( 1)
tdt t dt d t t dt
I
t t t t t t t
+ +
= = = +
+ + +
} } } }

=
3
3
2
2
2
2ln 1 2ln2 1
1
t
t
= +

2. Tm gi tr nh nht ca:

2
11 7
4 1
2
y x
x x
| |
= + + +
|
\ .
, x >0
Ta c:
2
2
2 2
7 7 7 7
3 3.1 7. (9 7) 1 16 1
x x x x
| |
| | | | | |
+ = + s + + = +
|
| | |
|
\ . \ . \ .
\ .

2
7 1 7
4 1 3
2 x x
| | | |
+ > +
| |
\ . \ .
, du ng thc xy ra khi ch khi
3 7
1 7
x
= (1)
Suy ra:
11 1 7 3 9 3 9 3 15
3 2 . 6
2 2 2 2 2 2
y x x x
x x x x
| | | |
> + + + = + + > + = + =
| |
\ . \ .
, du ng thc
xy ra khi ch khi
9
3 x x
x
= = (2).
T (1) v (2) suy ra y =
15
2
khi x =3. Vy miny =
15
2
.
Cu Va:
1. Tam gic ABC cn ti B nn B thuc trung trc ca on AC c phng trnh
x +3y - 8 = 0. Do :

3 8 0
8 16
( ; ): ;
2 0 7 7
x y
B x y B
x y
+ =
| |
|
=
\ .

Phng trnh ng thng AB:
1 1
8 16
1 1
7 7
x y +
=
+
23x - y - 24 =0.
Phng trnh ng thng BC: 19x - 13y +8 =0.
2. S cch chn hai ch s l ng cnh nhau t ba ch s 1, 3, 5 l
2
3
A =6. Xem
mi cp s l nh th l mt phn t x. Nh th, mi s cn lp l gm x v 3
trong 4 s 0, 2, 4, 6 . Gi
4 3 2 1 0
n a a a aa = .
- a
0
= 0: C 3 cch a x vo 4 v tr u. C
2
3
A cch a 2 s chn t 2, 4, 6
vo hai v tr cn li. Suy ra c 3.
2
3
A =18 cch.
- a
0
chn khc 0 v x hai v tr a
4
a
3
: c 3.
2
3
A =18 cch.
- a
0
chn khc 0 v x hai v tr a
3
a
2
hoc a
2
a
1
: c 24 cch.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
164
Vy, c tt c l: 6(18 +18 +24) =360 s.
Cu Vb:
1. Phng trnh cho tng ng vi:

2 2 2 2 2
log ( 1) log (3 ) log ( 1) log ( 1)(3 ) log ( 1)
1 3 1 3
( 1)(3 ) 1
1 3
x x x x x x
x x
x x x
x
+ + = + =

< < < <

+ =

< <

2
4 0 1 17
2 1 3
x x
x
x
= +
=
< <
.
2. Hnh thoi ABCD c
0
60 BAD= nn
tam gic BAD u c cnh bng a.
3
2 3
2
a
AO AC AO a = = =

2 2 2 2
4 SC SA AC a = + = SC =2a.
Tam gic SAC vung A, trung tuyn
'
2
SC
AC = =a ASAC' u cnh a.
Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD, I l giao im ca AC' v B'D'. I l trng
tm ca tam gic SAC.

2 2 2
' '
3 3 3
SI
B D BD a
SO
= = = .
Ta c ' ' ' B D AC (do B'D'//BD) nn
2
' ' '
1
'. ' '
2 3
AB C D
a
S AC B D = = .
Gi H l hnh chiu ca S trn AC' th ' ' SH B D nn ( ' ' ') SH AB C D .
Mt khc tam gic SAC' u nn
3
2
a
SH = .
Vy:
3
' ' ' ' ' '
1 3
.
3 18
SAB C D AB C D
a
V SH S = = .

D'
D
B'
C'
C
B
A
S
I
O
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
165
S 27

Cu I :
1. Khi m =2, ta c
3 2
3 4 y x x = + (Bn c t kho st s bin thin v v
th)
2. Vi hm s (1) cho, ta c
2
' 3 2(1 2 ) 2 y x mx m = + +
Hm s c cc i, cc tiu khi ch khi phng trnh y' =0 c hai nghim phn
bit
2 2
5
' (1 2 ) 3(2 ) 0 4 5 0 1
4
m m m m m m A = > > < v > (*)
Gi
1 2
x x < l hai nghim ca phng trnh y' =0. Khi
2
x l im cc tiu.
Ta c
2
2
2 1 4 5
3
m m m
x
+
= nn phi c:
2
2
2 1 4 5
1
3
m m m
x
+
= <
2
2 2
4 2 0
1
5
4 5 4 2 1
5 7
4
4 5
4 5 4 16 16
m
m
m m m m m
m
m m m m
>
s

< s v >

s <

< +

Giao vi (*), ta c: m < - 1 hoc
5 7
4 5
m < < .
Cu I I :
1. Phng trnh cho tng vi (sinx - cosx)(cosx - sinx +1) =0
2. Cch 1. H phng trnh cho tng ng vi:

( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
( )2 12 (3) ( ) 13 (1) ( )( ) 13
( ) 13 (4) ( ) 2 25
( ) 25 (2)
x y xy x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y xy
x y x y
= + = + =

+ = + + =
+ =

Tr tng v (4) cho (3):
3
( ) 1 x y =
H
2
1 1 1
xy =6 x(x - 1) =6 x - x - 6 =0
y x x y y x = = =

hai nghim (3; 2), ( - 2; - 3)
Cch 2. Thy ngay x = y. H phng trnh cho tng ng vi:

( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2
( ) 13 (1)
13
(3)
25
( ) 25 (2)
x y x y
x y
x y
x y x y
+ =
+
=
+
+ =

t y = tx. T (3) suy ra
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
13 1 13
25 25 13 26 13
25 25
1
x t x t
t t t
x tx t
+ +
= = + = + +
+ +

2
2 3
6 13 6 0
3 2
t t t t + = = v = .
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
166
-
2
3
t =
2
3
y x = :
2
3
2 2 25
25 25 3
3 3 27
x
x x x x x
| | | |
+ = = =
| |
\ . \ .
.
-
3
2
t =
3
2
y x = :
2
3
3 3 25
25 25 2
2 2 8
x
x x x x x
| | | |
+ = = =
| |
\ . \ .
.
Cch 3. H phng trnh cho tng ng vi:
2 3 2 2 3 3 3
3 2 2 3
( ) ( ) 3 19 13 (1) 19
( ) 6 25 (2)
( ) 6
x y x y xy x xy yx y x y
xy x y x xy yx y
xy x y
( + = + = =

= + =
=

3
1 ( ) 1
6 ( ) 6
x y x y
xy xy x y
= =

= =

Cch 4. H phng trnh cho tng ng vi:

3 2 2 3 3 3
3 2 2 3
13 (1) 19
( ) 6 25 (2)
x xy yx y x y
xy x y x xy yx y
+ = =

= + =

t y = tx. Ta c:

3 2 2 3 3 3
3 2 2 3 3
13 (1) (1 ) 19
25 (2) (1 ) 6
x xy yx y x t
x xy yx y xt t
+ = =

+ = =

Cu I I I :
1. Hnh chiu vung gc A'B' ca AB ln mt phng l giao tuyn ca mf(P) v
mf(Q), trong mf(Q) l mt phng cha AB v vung gc vi (P). Do mf(Q)
c cp ch phng (2;0; 4) AB=
v (2;1; 1)
P
n =
. Suy ra mt vc t php tuyn

ca mf(Q) l ; (4; 6;2)
Q
n AB n
(
= =

. Vy phng trnh mf(Q):
2x - 3y +z - 4 =0
Nh th, ng thng A'B' c cp ch phng (2;1; 1)
P
n =
, ' (2; 3;1)

Q
n =
nn c
mt vc t php tuyn , ' (5;3; 1)
P Q
n n n
(
= =

. im M(9; 1; -11) tho phng
trnh ca c hai mt phng (P) v (Q), nn M(9; 1; - 11) thuc ng thng A'B'.
Vy phng trnh ng thng A'B' l:

9
5
x
=
1
3
y
=
11
1
z+

2. Gi I(a;b;c) l tm mt cu (S): x
2
+y
2
+z
2
- 2ax - 2by - 2cz +d =0.
O(0; 0 ; 0), A(0; 0; 4), B(2; 0 ;0) thuc (S) suy ra:
0 1
16 8 0 2
4 4 0 0
d a
c d c
a d d
= =

+ = =

+ = =

Mt khc, (P) tip xc mt cu (S) khi ch khi d(I, (P)) = R = OI

2 2 2 2
2 5 6( ) 5 6( 5) 1 a b c a b c b b b + + = + + + = + =
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
167
Vy, phng trnh (S): x
2
+y
2
+z
2
- 2x - 2y - 4z =0.
Cu I V:
1. Tnh I =
1
3 2ln
1 2ln
e
x
dx
x x
+
}

t 1 2ln t x = +
2
1 2ln
dx
t x tdt
x
= + =
Suy ra I =
2 2 2
2
1 1
3 ( 1) 10 2 11
(4 )
3
t
tdt t dt
t

= =
} }

2. Ta c
2 3
2
3x 4 2
4, A =
4
y
x y
x y
+ +
+ > + ,
suy ra
2 2
3x 1 2 1 2
A =
4 4 4 4 2
x y y x y
y
x y x y
| | + | |
+ + + = + + + + +
| |
\ .
\ .

3
2 9
1 3 2
16 2
> + + =
Du ng thc xy ra khi ch khi
2
x 1
4
2
1
8
x
x y
y
y
= =
tho 4 x y + > .
Vy minA =
9
2
.
Cu Va:
1. Phng trnh ng cao BH: x - 3y - 7 =0
AC i qua A v vung gc BH nn phng trnh (AC) l: 3(x - 2) +1(y - 1) =0
3x +y - 7 =0
B thuc BH nn ( ) 3 7; B y y + . Mt khc A(2; 1) nn trung im AB l:
3y+9 1
;
2 2
y
I
+ | |
|
\ .
. I thuc CI c phng trnh x +y +1 =0 nn:
3y+9 1
1 0
2 2
y+
+ + =
3 ( 2; 3) y B = .
To C l nghim ca h phng trnh:
1 0 4
(4; 5)
3 7 0 5
x y x
C
x y y
+ + = =

+ = =

2. S tam gic c mt nh thuc d
1
v hai nh thuc d
2
l
2
10
n
C
S tam gic c mt nh thuc d
2
v hai nh thuc d
1
l
2
10
nC
Theo gi thit ta c:
2
10
n
C +
2
10
nC =2800n
2
+8n - 560 =0 n =20.
Cu Vb:
1. t
2
3 0
x x
t
+
= > .
Phng trnh cho tr thnh t
2
- 10t +9 =0 t =1, t =9. Suy ra:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
168
2
2
2
2
3 1 0 0, 1
1, 2
2
3 9
x x
x x
x x x x
x x
x x
+
+
= + = = =

= =
+ =
=

2. Gi E l trung im BC, H l tm tam gic u ABC.
A'ABC l hnh chp tam gic u nn gc(A,BC,A') =ZAEA'.
Ta c:
3 2 3
2 3 3
a a
AE AH AE = = =
2 2 2 2
3 1
' ' 9 3
3 6 3
AE a
HE A H A A AH b a = = = =
2 2
' 2 3
tan
A H b a
HE a

= =
dt(ABC) =
2
3
4
a
. Ta c:
' ' ' ' ' ' ' A BB C C ABCA B C A ABC
V V V = = A'H.dt(ABC) -
1
3
A'H.dt(ABC) =
2
3
A'H.dt(ABC)
=
2 2 2
3
6
a b a
.

C'
B'
E
C
H
B
A'
A
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
187
S 32

Cu I :
1. Kho st y = 2x
3
+6x
2
5 (Bn c t lm)
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn (C) i qua A(1; 13)
Ta c y' =6x
2
+12x
Gi M
0
(x
0
; y
0
) l tip im thuc (C) 5 x 6 x 2 y
2
0
3
0 0
+ =
Phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C) ti M
0
: y y
0
=f '(x
0
)(x x
0
)
( )( ) 5 x 6 x 2 x x x 12 x 6 y
2
0
3
0 0 0
2
0
+ + =
V tip tuyn i qua A(1; 13) nn
( )( )
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
x 1 x 12 x 6 5 x 6 x 2 13 + + + =

2
0 0
3
0
2
0 0
3
0
x 12 x 12 x 6 x 6 5 x 6 x 2 13 + + =
+ = = v =
3
0 0 0 0
x 3x 2 0 x 1 x 2
Ta c = v = y(1) 1 y( 2) 35.
M(1; 1) th phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C) qua A l:
y +1 =6(x 1) y =6x 7
M(2; 35) th phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C) qua A l:
y 35 = 48(x +2) y = 48x 61
Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh:
2
x 3
cos 2
4 2
x
cos
4 2
x 5
sin =
|
.
|
\
| t

|
.
|
\
| t
(1)
(1)
2
x 3
cos 2
2
x
4 2
sin
4 2
x 5
sin =
|
.
|
\
|

t
+
t
|
.
|
\
| t

2
x 3
cos 2
2
x
4
3
sin
4 2
x 5
sin =
|
.
|
\
|

t
|
.
|
\
| t

3x 3x
2cos x sin 2cos
4 2 2 2
t t | | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

2
x 3
cos 2
2
x 3
cos
4
x cos 2 =
|
.
|
\
| t
+

3x 2
cos 0v cos x
2 4 2
t | |
= + =
|
\ .

3x 3
k vx k2
2 2 4 4
t t t
= + t + = + t

2
x k vx k2 vx k2
3 3 2
t t t
= + = + t =t+ t

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
188
2. Tm m phng trnh: m x 1 x
4 2
= + (1) c nghim
Xt hm s ( ) x 1 x x f
4 2
+ = (iu kin: x > 0)
( )
( )
0
x
1
1 x
x
2
1
x ' f
4
3
2
<
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
= , x >0. V
( )
3 6 3 4
2
4
1
1
x x x
x
x x
x
< = =
+

Ta c f gim trn | ) 0;+ v
x
limf(x) 0
+
= nn ta c
| ) 0 f(x) 1, x 0; < s e + .
Vy, phng trnh (1) c nghim metp gi tr ca f trn on | ) 0;+
0 <m s 1
Cu I I I :
1. ng thng AB c VTCP ( ) ( ) 3 , 2 , 2 4 12 , 8 , 8 a = =
Phng trnh ng thng AB:
+ =
=
+ =
t 3 5 z
t 2 5 y
t 2 3 x

im I (3+2t; 5- 2t; 5+3t) AB (P) e khi
(3 +2t) +(5 2t) +(5 +3t) =0 t =1
Vy ng thng AB ct mt phng (P) ti I(1; 3; 2)
2. Tm M e (P) MA
2
+MB
2
nh nht
Gi H l trung im ca on AB. Tam gic MAB c trung tuyn MH nn:
2
AB
MH 2 MB MA
2
2 2 2
+ = +
Do MA
2
+MB
2
nh nht MH
2
nh nht MH nh nht
Ta thy H(1; 1; 1), M e (P)
MH nh nht MH (P) v rng mt phng (P): x + y + z = 0 c vc t
php tuyn ( ) 1;1;1 OH =
v O e (P) M (0; 0; 0)
Vy, vi M(0; 0; 0) th MA
2
+MB
2
nh nht. Khi , ta c min(MA
2
+MB
2
) =
OA
2
+OB
2
=(9 +25 +25) +(25 +9 +49) =142.
Cu I V:
1. Ta giao im ca 2 ng
( )
1 x
x 1 x
y
2
+
= v y = 0 l A(0, 0); B(1, 0). Khi

0 s x s 1 x(1 x) > 0
( )
0
1 x
x 1 x
y
2
>
+
=
Do din tch hnh phng gii hn bi 2 ng cho l

( )
1 1 1 2
2 2 2
0 0 0
x 1 x x x x 1
S dx dx 1 dx
x 1 x 1 x 1
+ + | |
= = = +
|
+ + +
\ .
} } }

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
189

}
+
+
+ =
1
0
2
1
0
dx
1 x
1 x
x S
t: x = tgt dx =(tg
2
t +1)dt
i cn x 1 t ;x 0 t 0
4
t
= = = =

( ) ( ) | |
} }
t
t
+
t
= = + =
+
+
=
4
0
4
0
1
0
2
2 ln
2
1
4
t cos ln t dt 1 tgt dx
1 x
1 x
S
Vy
2 ln
2
1
4
1 S +
t
+ =

2. t: f(t) = e
t
,
( )
/
3
2
2
2
t 1
g t ;g(t) 0, t 1
t 1
(t 1)
= = < >

Ta c f tng v g gim trn tng khong xc nh.
H phng trnh (1)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
= +
= +
2007 x g y f
2007 y g x f
f(x) +g(y) =f(y) +g(x) (-)
Nu x > y f(x) >f(y) g(y) <g(x) ( do(-)
y >x ( do g gim ) v l.
Tng t khi y > x cng dn n v l.
Do , (1) (2)
x
2
x
e 2007 0
x 1
x y
+ =

Xt: ( ) 2007
1 x
x
e x h
2
x
+ = (,x, >1 )
Nu x > 0 t< 1 th x >1:
Khi x >1 ( )
( )
( )
2
3
2 x
2
3
2
x
1 x e
1 x
1
e x ' h

=
=

( ) ( )
( )
5
x 2 x
2
5
2
2
3 3x
h'' x e x 1 .2x e 0
2
x 1
= + = + >

Suy ra, h'(x) ng bin trn (1, +). Mt khc, ( ) ' 1,001 0 h < , '(2007) 0 h > .
Chng t tn ti x
0
thuc khong (1, +) sao cho h'(x) <0 trn(1; x
0
), h'(x) <0
trn (x
0
;+).
Suy ra, hm s h(x)nghch bin trn (1; x
0
), ng bin trn (x
0
;+).
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
190
Mt khc, ( ) + =
+
x h lim
1 x
, ( )
x
limh x
+
= + v
( )
= + <
2
2
h 2 e 2007 0
3
.
Suy ra: h(x) = 0 c ng 2 nghim x
1
>1, x
2
>1.
Cu Va:
1. Vi iu kin: x > 2, y > 3, ta c:
( ) ( )( )
( )( ) ( )
= +
= +
= +
= +
66 1 x x
2
1
2 y 1 y y
22 2 y 1 y y
6
1
1 x x
66 C A
22 C A
2
x
3
y
3
y
2
x

( )
2 3 2
3 2 2
6x 6x y 3y 2y 132 (1)
y 3y 2y .2 x x 132 (2)
+ + =
+ + =

2 3 2
2
6x 6x y 3y 2y 132
11x 11x 132 0 (2) 2(1)
+ + =

{
( ) ( )
{
2 3 2
x 4
x 4 hay x 3(loai) x 4
y 5 y 2y 12 0 y 5 y 3y 2y 60
= = = =

+ + = = + =

2. ng trn (C) c tm I(4, 3), bn knh R =2
Ta ca I(4, 3) tha phng trnh (d): x +y 1 =0. Vy I e d
Vy AI l mt ng cho ca hnh vung ngoi tip ng trn, c bn knh
R =2 , x =2 v x=6 l 2 tip tuyn ca (C ) nn
. Hoc l A l giao im cc ng (d) v x =2 A(2, 1)
. Hoc l A l giao im cc ng (d) v x =6 A(6, 5)
. Khi A(2, 1) B(2, 5); C(6, 5); D(6, 1)
. Khi A(6, 5) B(6, 1); C(2, 1); D(2, 5)
Cu Vb:
1. Gii phng trnh: ( ) ( ) 2 1 x 2 log 1 x log
3
2
3
= +
( )
3 3
2log x 1 2log 2x 1 2 + =
( )
3 3
log x 1 log 2x 1 1 + =
( )
3 3
log x 1 2x 1 log 3 =
( ) x 1 2x 1 3 =

{
> < <

v
=
+ =
2
2
1
x 1 x 1
2
2x 3x 2 0
2x 3x 4 0(vn)
x 2 =
2.
- BC vung gc vi (SAB)
BC vung gc vi AH
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
191
Mt khc, SB vung gc vi AH
AH vung gc vi (SBC) AH vung gc SC (1)
+ Tng t AK vung gc SC (2)
(1) v (2) SC vung gc vi (AHK )
-
2 2 2 2
SB AB SA 3a = + = SB =a 3
AH.SB =SA.AB AH =
a 6
3
SH =
2a 3
3
SK =
2a 3
3

(do 2 tam gic SAB v SAD bng nhau v cng vung ti A)
Ta c HK song song vi BD nn
HK SH 2a 2
HK
BD SB 3
= = .
Gi AG l ng cao ca tam gic cn AHK (AH = AK), ta c:
= =
2
2 2 2
4a
AG AH HG
9
AG =
2a
3
.
Gi E l hnh chiu ca A trn SC. Khi AE thuc mf(AHK). Thy ngay A,
G, E thng hng, E l trung im SC do tam gic SAC vung cn. Gi I l hnh
chiu ca O trn AE. OI =
1
2
EC =
1
4
SC =
2
a
.
= = = =
3
OAHK AHK
1 1 a 1 1 a 1 2 2 a 2
V OI.S . . HK.AM . . . a 2. a
3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 27

Cch khc: Tam gic SAC vung cn nh A, AS = AC = 2 a , nn SC =2a.
Gi E l hnh chiu ca A trn SC. Khi AE thuc mf(AHK). Thy ngay A,
G, E thng hng, E l trung im SC. G l trng tm tam gic SBD.
Do HK =
2
3
BD =
2
2
3
a = .
AG =
2
3
AE =
2
3
.
1
2
SC =
2
3
.
1
2
2a =
2
3
a
Cch khc:
Chn h trc ta Oxyz sao cho
A O (0;0;0), B(a;0;0), C( a;a;0), D(0;a;0),
S (0;0; a 2). Suy ra ta H v K.
Khi ,
1
,
6
OAHK
V AH AK AO
(
=

I
H
D
C
B
A
S
E
K
G
O
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
192
S 33

Cu I :
x 2
1
1 x y
+ + = (Bn c t lm)
2. Ta c:
( ) ( )
2
2
2
x 2
4 m x 4 x
x 2
m
1 ' y
+ +
=
+ =
y' =0 x
2
+4x +m 4 =0 (2 x)
2
=m (x = 2) (-)
th (Cm) c cc i phng trnh (-) c 2 nghim phn bit = 2 m >0
Khi y' = 0 m 2 x
1
= , m 2 x
2
+ = , ta c:
x x
1
2 x
2
+
y' 0 + + 0
y
+

+

C

CT

im cc i A(2 + m, 1 2 m)
Phng trnh tip tuyn vi (Cm) ti im C A c phng trnh:
m 2 1 y = , do m 2 1 m 2 1 OB + = =
AB =X
2
=2 + m (v B e Oy x
B
=0)
AAOB vung cn OB =BA 1 +2 m =2 + m m =1
Cch khc:
2
x 3x 2 m
y
2 x
+ +
=
c dng
2
ax bx c
y
Ax B
+ +
=
+
vi a.A < 0
Do , khi hm c cc tr th x
CT
<x
C

x
C
=
2
x 2 m = + v y
C
=
2
2x 3
1
=1 2 m
Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh: gx cot tgx
x sin
x 2 cos
x cos
x 2 sin
= + (1)
(1)
x sin
x cos
x cos
x sin
x cos x sin
x sin x 2 sin x cos x 2 cos
=
+
( )
x cos x sin
x cos x sin
x cos x sin
x x 2 cos
2 2

cosx cos2x sin2x 0 = . =
2
2cos x cosx 1 0 sin2x 0 + = . =

1
cosx (cosx 1 :loai v sinx 0)
2
= = = t +
t
= 2 k
3
x
2. Phng trnh: 0 1 x m x 13 x
4 4
= + + (1)
(1) x 1 m x 13 x
4 4
= +
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
193

( )

=
s
= +
s
m 1 x 9 x 6 x 4
1 x
x 1 m x 13 x
1 x
2 3 4 4

ycbt ng thng y = m ct phn th f(x) = 4x
3
6x
2
9x 1 vi x s 1
ti 1 im
f(x) =4x
3
6x
2
9x 1
TX: x s 1
f'(x) =12x
2
12x 9 =3(4x
2
4x 3)
f'(x) =0 4x
2
4x 3 =0
2
3
x
2
1
x = v =
x
1
/
2
1
3
/
2
+
f' + 0 0 +
f
C

+

12
CT

T bng bin thin ta c:
ycbt
3 3
m hay m 12 m haym 12
2 2
= < = >
Cu I I I :
1. Theo gi thit A(2,0,0) M(0,3,6) O(0,0,0)
Bn knh mt cu ( ) 5 3 6 3 MO R
2 2
= + = =
Khong cch t tm M ca mt cu n mt phng (P): x + 2y 9 =0.

R 5 3
5
15
5
9 6 0
d = = =

=

Vy (P) tip xc vi mt cu tm M bn knh MO
Phng trnh ng thng d qua M v vung gc vi mt phng (P) l:

x y 3 x t
y 3 2t
1 2
z 6
z 6
+ =

=
= +

=
=

(t e R)
Th vo phng trnh (P) ta c: t +2(2t 3) 9 =0 t =3
Vy ta tip im I ca mt cu vi mt phng (P) l t(3,3,6)
2. Gi b l tung ca B, c l cao ca im C
V A(2,0,0) e Ox nn phng trnh (Q): 1
c
z
b
y
2
x
= + +
Ta c M(0,3,6) e mt phng (yOz) nn:
bc c 3 b 6 1
c
6
b
3
= = +
(1)
Ta li c 3
3
bc
bc
2
1
.
3
2
S . OA
3
1
V
OBC OABC
= = = = 9 bc = (2)
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
194
T (1) v (2) ta c
{ {
= =
v
= =
bc 9 bc 9
6b 3c 9 6b 3c 9

=
= = v

=
3
b
b c 3
2
c 6

Vy c 2 mt phng (Q) c phng trnh l: 1
3
z
3
y
2
x
= + +
hoc
1
6
z
3
y 2
2
x
=

Cu I V:
1. Ta c:
= +
>
=
2 y x
0 y
x 2 y
2 2
2

L na ng trn tm O, bn knh 2 R = , c y > 0
Phng trnh honh giao im ca 2 ng y = x
2
v
2
x 2 y = :
2 2
x 2 x x 1 = = ; x
2
v | | khi x 1;1 e th
2
2 x > x
2

Do ta c

( )
} } }

= =
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2 2
dx x dx x 2 dx x x 2 S

}
=
1
1
2
1
dx x 2 I t: x = 2sint
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
t t
e
2
,
2
t
dx = 2costdt x 1 t ;x 1 t
4 4
t t
= = = =

} }
t
t
t
t
= =
4
4
4
4
2
1
tdt cos 2 . t cos 2 tdt cos 2 . t sin 2 2 I

( ) |
.
|
\
|
+
t
=
(
+ = + = =
t
t
t
t
t
t
} }
2
1
4
2 t 2 sin
2
1
t dt t 2 cos 1 tdt cos 2 I
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
1

(Nhn xt :
( ) ( )
4 4
1
0
4
I 1 cos2t dt 2 1 cos2t dt
t t
t
= + = +
} }

V f(t) =1 cos2t + l hm chn)

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
195

1 1
2 2
2
1 0
2
I x dx 2 x dx
3
= = =
} }

Vy
3
1
2 3
2
1
2 3
2
2
1
4
2 S +
t
= +
t
= |
.
|
\
|
+
t
=
(vdt )
(Nhn xt :
( ) ( )
1 1
2 2 2 2
1 0
S 2 x x dx 2 2 x x dx
= =
} }

V g(x) =
2 2
2 x x l hm chn)
2. H phng trnh
+ =
+
+
+ =
+
+
) 2 ( x y
9 y 2 y
xy 2
y
) 1 ( y x
9 x 2 x
xy 2
x
2
3 2
2
3 2

T h suy ra:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 3
1 1
VT 2xy x y VP
x 1 8 y 1 8
| |
|
= + = + =
|
+ +
\ .

D thy ,VT, s 2,xy, s x
2
+y
2
=VP
(
( ) ( )
1
8 1 y
1
8 1 x
1
3
2
3
2
s
+
+
+
v du = xy )
Ta c VT =VP
= =
= =
x y 1
x y 0

Th li, kt lun h phng trnh c 2 nghim = = = = x y 1,x y 0
Cu Va:
1. iu kin n > 4 Ta c: ( )

=
= +
n
0 k
k n k 2 k
n
n
2
2 x C 2 x
H s ca s hng cha x
8
l
4 n 4
n
2 C

Ta c:
3 2 1
n n n
A 8C C 49 + =
(n 2)(n 1)n 4(n 1)n +n =49
n
3
7n
2
+7n 49 =0 (n 7)(n
2
+7) =0 n =7
Nn h s ca x
8
l 280 2 C
3 4
7
=
2. Phng trnh ng trn (C): x
2
+y
2
2x +4y +2 =0 c tm I(1, 2) 3 R =
ng trn (C') tm M ct ng trn (C) ti A, B nn AB IM ti trung im
H ca on AB. Ta c
2
3
2
AB
BH AH = = =
.
C 2 v tr cho AB i xng qua tm I.
Gi A'B' l v tr th 2 ca AB, gi H' l trung im ca A'B'.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
196
Ta c:
2
2 2
3 3
IH' IH IA AH 3
2 2
| |
= = = =
|
|
\ .

Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
MI 5 1 1 2 5 = + + =
v
2
7
2
3
5 HI MI MH = = =

3 13
MH' MI H 'I 5
2 2
= + = + =

Ta c:
13
4
52
4
49
4
3
MH AH MA R
2 2 2 2
1
= = + = + = =

43
4
172
4
169
4
3
' MH ' H ' A ' MA R
2 2 2 2
2
= = + = + = =

Vy c 2 ng trn (C') tha l: (x 5)
2
+(y 1)
2
=13
(x 5)
2
+(y 1)
2
=43
Cu Vb:
1. Phng trnh:
( ) 1
x log 1
4
3 log x log 2
3
x 9 3
=
(1)
(1) ( ) 1
x log 1
4
x 9 log
1
x log 2
3 3
3
=

1
x log 1
4
x log 2
x log 2
3 3
3
=
t: t = log
3
x
(1) thnh
2
2 t 4
1 t 3t 4 0
2 t 1 t
= =
+

(v t =-2, t =1 khng l nghim)
t =- 1 hoc t = 4.
Do , (1)
=
= =
3
3
1
log x 1
x ,x 81
log x 4
3

2. * Chng minh AAHK vung
Ta c: AS CB
AC CB (AACB ni tip na ng trn)
CB (SAC) CB AK
m AK SC AK (SCB)
AK HK AAHK vung ti K
* Tnh V
SABC
theo R
K CI AB
Do gi thit ta c AC = R = OA = OC AAOC u
2
R
IO IA = =

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
197
Ta c SA (ABC) nn (SAB) (ABC) CI (SAB)
Suy ra hnh chiu vung gc ca ASCB trn mt phng (SAB) l ASIB
V AB
4
3
BI = . Suy ra SA . R .
4
3
S
4
3
S
SAB SIB
= = (-)
Ta c:
2 2
SBC
R SA . 3 R
2
1
SC . BC
2
1
S + = =

Theo nh l v din tch hnh chiu ta c:

2 2
SBC
o
SBC SIB
R SA
4
3 R
S
2
1
60 cos . S S + = = = (--)
T (-), (--) ta c:
2
R
SA =
. T
12
6 R
ABC dt . SA
3
1
V
3
SABC
= A =
.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
219
S 38

Cu I .
1. Khi m =0 ta c hm s:
3 2
3 1 y x x =
1
0
TX: D =
2
0
S bin thin:

3 2
3 2
lim lim(3 3 1)
lim lim(3 3 1)
x x
x x
y x x
y x x
+ +

= = +
= =

th khng c tim cn.

2
' 3 6 3 ( 2)
0
' 0
2
y x x x x
x
y
x
= =
=
=

=

Bng bin thin:

Hm s ng bin trn mi khong ( ;0) v, nghch bin trn khong (2;0)
1 0
5 2
CT CT
CD CD
y x
y x
= =
= =

3
0
th:
'' 6 6; '' 0 1 y x y x = = =
im un I(1;-3)
th ct trc tung
ti im c honh (0;1) v
i qua cc im c to (-1;-5) v(3;-1)
Ta c th

2. Ta c:
3 2
3 3 ( 2) 1 y x x mm x = + (1)

2
' 6 3 ( 2) y x x mm = +
x 0 2 +
' y + 0 - 0 +

y
-1 +
-5
f(x)=x^3-3x^2-1
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
f(x)
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
220
Hm s (1) c hai cc tr phng trnh ' 0 y = c hai nghim
1 2
, x x phn
bit
2
' 9 9 ( 2) 9( 1) 0 1(*) mm m m A = + + = + > =
Gi
1 2
, x x l honh hai im cc tr.

3 2 3 2
1 2
2 3 1; 2 9 12 5 y m m y m m m = + =
1 2
, y y cng du
1 2
0 y y >
3 2
3 2
3 2
3 2
1
2
2 3 1 0
5
2 9 12 5 0
5 1 2
(**)
2 2 1
2 3 1 0
2
2 9 12 5 0
5
2
m
m m
m
m m m
m
m m
m
m m m
m
>
+ >

<
>
< <
+ <

<

<

>

Kt hp (*) v (**) ta c :
Hm s (1) c hai im cc tr cng du
5 1
2 2
1
m
m
< <

Cch 2. Ta c:
3 2
3 3 ( 2) 1 y x x mm x = + (1)

2
' 6 3 ( 2) y x x mm = +
Hm s (1) c hai cc tr phng trnh ' 0 y = c hai nghim
1 2
, x x phn
bit
2
' 9 9 ( 2) 9( 1) 0 1(*) mm m m A = + + = + > =
Gi
1 2
, x x l honh hai im cc tr.

3 2 3 2
1 2
2 3 1; 2 9 12 5 y m m y m m m = + =
1 2
, y y cng du
1 2
0 y y >
3 2 3 2
(2 3 1)( 2 9 12 5) 0 m m m m m + >

Cu I I .
1.
1
2sin( ) sin(2 )
3 6 2
x x

+ =

2
2
3 1 1
sin 3cos sin2 cos2
2 2 2
1 1
sin 3cos 3sin cos (1 2sin )
2 2
(sin sin ) ( 3cos 3sin cos ) 0
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
+ + =
+ + =
+ =

(1 sin )(sin 3cos ) 0
1 sin 0 (1)
sin 3cos 0 (2)
x x x
x
x x
+ =
=

+ =

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
221
(1) sin 1 2
2
(2) sin( ) 0
3 3
x x k
x x k
= = +
+ = =

Vy phng trnh cho c nghim 2
2
x k
= + ;
3
x k

= ( ) ke
2. 10 1 3 5 9 4 2 2 x x x x + + = + + + (1)
iu kin:
10 1 0
3 5 0
9 4 0
2 2 0
x
x
x
x
+ >
>
+ >
>

5
3
x>
Vi
5
3
x> ta c :
10 1 3 5
9 4 2 2
x x
x x
+ >
+ >

Nhn c hai v ca (1) vi ( 10 1 3 5)( 9 4 2 2) x x x x + ta c:
(7 6)( 9 4 2 2) (7 6)( 10 1 3 5) x x x x x x + + = + +

2 2
2
9 4 2 2 10 1 3 5
7 6 (9 4)(2 2) 7 6 (10 1)(3 5)
(9 4)(2 2) (10 1)(3 5)
18 10 8 30 47 5
12 37 3 0
1
12
3
x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x
x
x
+ = +
+ + = + +
+ = +
=
+ =

Kt hp iu kin, ta c: 3 x=
Th li thy 3 x= tho (1)
Vy 3 x= l nghim ca phng trnh cho.
Cch 2. iu kin:
10 1 0
3 5 0
9 4 0
2 2 0
x
x
x
x
+ >
>
+ >
>

5
3
x>
(1) 10 1 2 2 9 4 3 5 x x x x + + = +
Bnh phng hai v ta c:
2
6
(1) (10 1)(2 2) (9 4)(3 5) 7 15 18 0 3,
7
x x x x x x x x + = + = = = .
Suy ra: x =3.
Cu I I I .
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
222
1. (1,3, 1) AB=

2
d c
2
(1;3; 1) a =
l vect ch phng v
2
d qua (5;4;3) A
1
d c phng trnh :
5 4 3
1 3 1
x y z
= =

Mt khc,
1
d c vect ch phng
1
(2;9;1) a =
nn ta xt h to bi
(
1
d ),(
2
d ),c
3 5
2 9 1
5 4 3
1 3 1
x y z
x y z
+
= =
= =

h v nghim.
Ta c:
1
a
v
2
a
khng cng phng nn (

1
d ) v (
2
d ) cho nhau.
2. Gi to ca im C l: ( ; ; ) C x y z

( )
2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
1
( ) ,
2
3 1 1 1 1 3
1
4 3 3 5 5 4 2
1
(3 9 4) (5 3) 4 3 5
2
1
10 2 10 82 4 68 6 2 6 354 (1)
2
dt ABC AB AC
y z z x x y
z y x z y x
x y z x y z yz xz xy
(
=

= + +

= + + + + (

= + + + + +

1
9
( 3)
3 5
2
(*)
3 2 9 1
5
2
y x
x y z
C d
x
z
+
e = =

Thay (*) vo (1) ta c:

2
2
2
2
1 81 4327 1 9 295 2 295.2 4327
( ) 590
2 2 2 2 9 81 2 2
1 4327 295.2
2 2 81
9 295 2 590 347 463
( )min 0 ;
9 81 18 162 2
x
dt ABC x x
x
dt ABC x y z
| |
= + > +
|
|
\ .
>
= = = =

Vy A(5;4;3) ; B(6;7;2); C(
590 347 463
; ;
81 18 162
) th din tch tam gic ABC t
gi tr nh nht
Cu I V.
1. t
2
3
4 1 1
4
u
u x x
+
= + + =
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
223

2 2 2 2
3
0 0
2
2 4 1
2
3 3 1 1 13
( 3 )
0 4 2 8 8 3 12
udu
du dx dx
x
u udu u
I du u u
u
= =
+
+ +
= = = + =
} }

2. Ta c:
2
( )
3 12
yz y z
x y z
x x
+
+ + = s (1)
t y z m + = ( vi 0 m> )
Ta c: (1)
2
12
m
x m
x
+ s

2 2
12 12 0 x mx m + s

2 2 2
' 36 12 48
' 4 3
6 4 3 6 4 3
12 12
2 3 3 2 3 3
( )
6 6
m m m
m
m m m m
x
x m y z
A = + =
A =
+
s s

s = +

Cch 2.
2
2 2 2 2
( )
12 12 ( ) ( ) ( ) 12 ( ) 12 0
3 12
yz y z
x y z x x y z y z y z x y z x
x x
+
+ + = s + + s + + + >

1 2 3 3
(6 4 3)
6 6 4 3
x
y z x
y z

+ > + s =
+ +
.
Cch 3.
2
2
( ) 2 3 3
12 12 1 0
3 12 6
yz y z x x x
x y z
x x y z y z y z
| | +
+ + = s + s s
|
+ + +
\ .

Cu Va. Theo chng trnh khng phn ban
1. S nguyn n tho mn :
3 3
35
( 1)( 2)
n n
A C
n n
+
=

(vi 3 n> )
Ta c:
3 3
35
( 1)( 2)
n n
A C
n n
+
=

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
224

3
3 3
1
(1 )
3! 3!
35 35
( 1)( 2) ( 1)( 2)
7
!
6
35
( 3)!( 1)( 2)
n
n n
A
A A
n n n n
n
n n n
+ +
= =

=

7
35 30
6
n n = = (tho mn iu kin)
Vi n =30 ta c:

2 2 2 3 2
2 3 ... ( 1)
n n
n n n
S C C n C = + +
Ta c:
0 1 2 2
(1 ) ... ( 1)
n n n n
n n n n
x C C x C x C x = + + +
Ly o hm hai v ta c:
1 1 2 3 2 1
(1 ) 3 ... ( 1)
n n n n
n n n n
n x C C C x nC x

= + + + (1)
Trong (1) cho 1 x= ta c:
1 2 3
0 2 3 ... ( 1)
n n
n n n n
C C C nC = + + + (2)
Ly o hm hai v ca (1) ta c:

2 1 2 2
( 1)(1 ) 2 3.3 ... ( 1) ( 1)
n n n n
n n n
n n x C C x n n C x

= + + (3)
Trong (3) cho 1 x= ta c:
1 2
0 2 3.2 ... ( 1) ( 1)
n n
n n n
C C n n C = + + (4)
Ly (2) cng (4) v theo v ta c:
| |
1 2 3
0 (2 2.1) (3 3.2) ... ( 1) ( 1)
n n
n n n n
C C C n n n C = + + + + + +

1 2 3
0 2 3 ... ( 1)
n n
n n n n
C C C nC = + + +

2 2 2 3 2
2 3 ... ( 1)
n n
n n n
S C C n C = + +
1
n
C =
Vi
1
30
30 30 n S C = = =
2. Gi to cc im A v B trong mt phng Oxy ln lt l( ; )
A A
x y v
( ; )
B B
x y .
Theo bi ra,
2 2
5 ( ) ( ) 5
A B A B
AB x x y y = + = (1)
ng thng AB c phng trnh: 2 3 0 x y + =

2 3 0 (*)
2 3 0
A A
B B
x y
x y
+ =

+ =
( ) 2( ) 0
A B A B
x x y y + = (2)
G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC ( ; )
3 3
A B C A B C
x x x y y y
G
+ + + +

M Ge ng thng 2 0 x y + =
1 1
2 0
3 3
A B A B
x x y y + +
+ =
( ) ( ) 8 0
A B A B
x x y y + + + = (3)
T (1),(2),(3) ta c h (I)
2 2
( ) ( ) 5 (1)
( ) 2( ) 0 (2)
8 (3)
A B A B
A B A B
A B C
x x y y
x x y y
x x y
+ =
+ + + =
+ + =

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
225
(2) 2( )
A B A B
x x y y = Th vo (1) ta c

2 2 2
4( ) ( ) 5 5( ) 5
2 1 1
1 1 2
B
A B A B A B
A A B A B A B
A B A B A B A B
y y y y y y
x x y y y y x x
y y y y x x x x
+ = =
= = + =

= + = =

1
8 2( ) 7
( ) (**)
2( ) 9 1
8
A B A B
A B A B A A
A A A B A B
A B A B
y y x x
x x y y x y
I
x y y y x x
x x y y
+ =

+ + + = + =
+ = + =

+ + + =

(*) kt hp vi (**) ta c h:

7 4 6
2
1 3
2 3
2 2
9 6 4
2
3 1
2 3
2 2
A B
A A
A B
A A
A A
A A
A A
A A
x x
x y
y y
x y
x x
x y
y y
x y
= =
+ =

= =

+ =

= =

+ =

= =

+ =

Vy
1 3
(4; ) ; (6; )
2 2
3 1
(6; ) ; (4; )
2 2
A B
A B

CuVb. Theo chg trnh khng phn ban
1. iu kin: 0 x>

2 1
2
2log 2 2 log 9 1 1 x x + + =

2 2
2(1 log ) 2 log 9 2 x x + + =

2 2 2
2 2log 2 log 9 log 2 x x x + + =

2 2
log log 9 2 x =

2 2 2
log log 9 log 4 x =

2 2
9 9
log log
4 4
x x = =
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht
9
4
x=
2.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
226

*) Ta c:
2 2 3
.
1 1 1 3
. ( ) . . 3.
3 3 3 3
S ABCD
V SAdt ABCD SAAD a a a = = = =
*) Ly E CD e sao cho ( ; ) ( ; ) CD CE SA SB SB BE = Z = Z =
Ta c, t gic ABECl hnh bnh hnh 2 AC BE a = =
Xt AEC A c :

2 2
135 2 2 2 cos135 5
o o
ACE BCE BCA AE a a a a a Z = Z + Z = = + =
Xt SAE A vung A c:
2 2 2 2
3 5 2 2 SE SA AE a a a = + = + =
Mt khc, SAB A vung ti A
2 2
3 2 SB a a a = + =
v ABC vung ti B 2 2 AC a BE AC a = = =
Xt SBEta c
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 2 8 1
cos
2 . 2.2 . 2 2 2
SB EB SE a a a
SE SB aa
+ +
= = =

1
arccos( )
2 2

= .

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
227
S 39

Cu I .
1. Khi m =1 hm s tr thnh y =
2
1
2
+
+
x
x x
=x - 1 +
2
1
+ x

1
o
. Hm s c TX l R\{-2}
2
o
. S bin thin ca hm s
- Gii hn ti v cc, gii hn v cc v ng tim cn
Ta c: lim
x+
= +,

lim
x
=

2
lim
x

= ,
2
lim
x
+
= +
Do ng thng x = -2 l tim cn ng ca th hm s (khi x

2 v
x
+
2 )
V y - (x - 1)0 khi x + v x nn ng thng y = x - 1 l tim cn
xin ca th hm s cho khi x .
- Chiu bin thin
y' =1-
2
) 2 (
1
+ x
=
2
2
) 2 (
3 4
+
+ +
x
x x
(x= -2)
y' =0 x
2
+4x+3=0
1
3
x
x
=

BBT:
x - -3 -2 -1 +
y' + 0 - - 0 +
-5 + +
y
- - -1

Kt lun: Hm s ng bin trn mi khong (-;-3) v (-1;+)
Hm s nghch bin trn mi khong (-3;-2) v (-2;-1)
Hm s t cc i ti x = -3, y
C
=y(-3) =-5
Hm s t cc i ti x = -1, y
CT
=y(-1) =-1
3
o
. th
Giao im ca th hm s vi trc tung l im (0;
2
1
)
th i qua cc im A(-3;-5) v C(-1;-1)
th hm s nhn giao im B(-2;-3) ca 2 tim cn lm tm i xng.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
228
6
4
2
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10 -5 5 10
0
y
x
-3
-5
-3
-2 -1
-1
1
C
B
A

2.
2
(3 2) 1 2 9 8
3 4
2 2
x m x m m
y x m
x x
+ +
= = + +
+ +

( )
'
2
8 9
1
2
m
y
x

= +
+

TH1:
9
8
m= 1 y=
TH2:
9
8
m=
-
9
8
m> ,
'
0 y > x D e hm s ng bin trn tng khong ca TX
-
9
8
m< ,
'
0 y < x D e hm s nghch bin trn tng khong ca TX
Vy vi
9
8
m> th hm s ng bin trn tng khong ca TX
Cu I I .
1.
2
3sin cos2 sin2 4sin cos
2
x
x x x x + + =
( )
2
3sin 1 sin sin2 2sin cos 1 x x x x x + + = +
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
229
2
2sin sin 1 0 x x =
1
sin
2
sin 1
x
x
( )
2
6
7
2
6
2
2
x k
x k k
x k
= +
= + e
= +

2.
( )
3
4
1 8 (1)
1 (2)
x y x
x y

K
1
0
x
y
>
>

T (2)
2
( 1) y x = . Thay vo (1) ta c
2 3
1 ( 1) 8 x x x =
3 2
1 8 2 1 x x x x = + +
3 2
1 2 9 x x x x = + + (*)
Ta thy 2 x= l 1 nghim ca pt (*)
Xt hm s ( ) 1, 1 f x x x = >

'
1
( ) 0 1
2 1
f x x
x
= > >
hm s ( ) f x ng bin trn [1; ) +

3 2
( ) 2 9, 1 g x x x x x = + + >

2
' 2
1 5
( ) 3 2 2 3 0
3 3
g x x x x
| |
= + = <
|
\ .
hm s ( ) g x nghch
bin trn [1; ) +
Vi 1 2 x < < ta c ( ) (2) (2) ( ) f x f g g x < = <
Vi 2 x> ta c ( ) (2) (2) ( ) f x f g g x > = >
Vi x = 2 ta c f(2) = 1 = g(2) 2 x= l nghim duy nht ca pt (*)
Thay vo (2) 1 y=
Vy nghim ca h pt l
2
1
x
y
=

Cch 2.
(*)
3 2
1 2 9 x x x x + + =0 (**)
Xt hm s
3 2
( ) 1 2 9 f x x x x x = + + , 1 x> .
2
1
'( ) 3 2 2 0, 1
2 1
f x x x x
x
= + + > >
.
Mt khc, f(2) = 0. Suy ra, x = 2 l nghim duy nht ca (**).

Cu I I I .
1. Gi D(x; y; z) l im cn tm
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
230
Ta c (1;3;0) AB=
, (0;3;2) AC =
, ( 1; ; 1) AD x y z = +

1
, . 1 , . 6
6
ABCD
V AB AC AD AB AC AD
( (
= = =

3 0 0 1 1 3
, , , (6; 2;3)
0 2 2 0 0 3
AB AC
| |
(
= =
|

\ .

6( 1) 2 3( 1) 6
, . 6
6( 1) 2 3( 1) 6
x y z
AB AC AD
x y z
+ + =
(
=

+ + =

6 2 3 9
6 2 3 3
x y z
x y z
+ =

+ =

6 2 3 9 6 2 3 3
1 0 1 0
4 4
x y z x y z
x y x y
x y z x y z
+ = + =

+ = v + =

+ + = + + =

1 5
0 6
5 7
x x
y y
z z
= =

= v =

= =

Vy c 2 im D tha mn yu cu bi ton c ta ln lt l ( 1;0;5) v
(5;6; 7)
2. Gi ( ; ; ) H a b c l trc tm ca ABC A .
Ta c ( 1; ; 1) AH a b c = +
, ( 2; 3; 1) BH a b c = +
, ( 1; 3; 1) CH a b c =

V H l trc tm ABC A , Hemp(ABC)
. 0
. 0
, . 0
BH AC
CH AB
AB AC AH
(
=

3( 3) 2( 1) 0
1 3( 3) 0
6( 1) 2 3( 1) 0
b c
a b
a b c
+ + =
+ =
+ + =

3 10
3 2 7
6 2 3 3
a b
b c
a b c
+ =
+ =
+ =
85
49
135
49
31
49
a
b
c
85 135 31
; ;
49 49 49
H
| |
|
\ .

mf(ABC) c 1 vc t php tuyn l n
= , AB AC
(

=(6; 2;3)
ng thng qua H mp(ABC) nhn n
lm vec t ch phng nn c phng

trnh l
85
6
49
135
2
49
31
3
49
x t
y t
z t
= +
= +

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
231

Cu I V.
1. t
2
2
4
4
x
x t dt dx
x
= =

2 2
4 x t =
(1) 3, (0) 2 t t = =
3
3 3
2
2
2
8 16
( 4) 4 3 3 8 3 3
3 3 3
t
I t dt t
| |
| |
= = = =
| |
\ .
\ .
}

2. TH1: 0 x= hoc 0 y= , ta c :
n n n+1 n+1
n n+1
x +y = x +y
(1)
TH2: 0, 0 x y = = x >0, y >0.
Ta chng minh
n n n+1 n+1
n n+1
x +y > x +y
. (2)
Tht vy:

1
n n n+1 n+1
n n+1
n n+1
x +y > x +y +1 > +1
n n
x x
y y
+
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
(3)
Gi s x y s . t 0 1
x
a a
y
= < s
Bt cn chng minh
1 1
1 1
n n n n
a a
+ +
+ > +

( ) ( )
1
1 1
ln 1 ln 1
1
n n
a a
n n
+
+ > +
+
(4)
Xt hm s
( )
1
( ) ln 1 , 2
x
f x a x
x
= + >

'
2
1 ln
( ) ln( 1) 0
( 1)
x
x
x
a a
f x a
x x a
= + + <
+
[2; ) x e +
hm s ( ) f x nghch bin trn [2; ) + ( ) ( 1) f n f n > +

( ) ( )
1
1 1
ln 1 ln 1
1
n n
a a
n n
+
+ > +
+

Suy ra, (4) c chng minh.
Vy vi , 0 x y> ; , 2 n n e > th
1 1
1
n n n n
n n
x y x y
+ +
+
+ > +
Du = xy ra khi 0, x y = e hoc 0, y x = e.
Cch khc:
(4)
( ) ( )
1
1 1
ln 1 ln 1 0
1
n n
a a
n n
+
+ + >
+
, 0 1 a < s , , 2 n N n e > (5)
Xt hm s
( ) ( )
1
1 1
( ) ln 1 ln 1 , , 2, (0;1]
1
n n
f t t t n N n t
n n
+
= + + e > e
+

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
232
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )( )
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1
( 1)
'( )
1 1 1 ( 1) 1 1 1
(1 )
0, , 2, (0;1]
1 1
n n n n n n
n n n n n n
n
n n
nt n t t t t t
f t
t t n t n t t t
t t
n N n t
t t

+ + +
+
+
= = =
+ + + + + + +
= > e > e
+ +

Suy ra, f(t) ng bin trn (0; 1]
a >0 f(a) >f(0)
( ) ( )
1
1 1
ln 1 ln 1 0
1
n n
a a
n n
+
+ + >
+
(pcm)

Phn ring
Cu Va.
1. , , x n e e ta c: ( )
0
1
n
n
k n k
n
k
x C x
=
+ =

( )
( )
2
2 1
2 2 1
0 0
0 0 0
0
1
1
1 1
n
n k n n
n
k n k k
n n
k k
x x
x dx C x dx C
n n k
+
+
= =
+
+ = =
+ +

} }

1 1 0 1 1
0
2 2 2 2 3 1
...
1 1 1 1
n k k n n n n n
n n n n
k
C C C C
n n k n n
+ + +
=
= = + + +
+ + +

0 1 1 0 1
2 2 2 3 1
...
2( 1) 1 1
n n n n
n n n
C C C
n n n
+
= + + +
+ +
,(pcm)
2.

4
2
-2
-4
B
-5 5
1
F
A
y
x
0
1
D
E
1,5 3
K
H
2

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
233
OAB A vung ti O => S
OAB
=S =
1
2
.OA.OB=
1
2
.3.4=6
AB
2
=
2 2
OA OB + =
2 2
3 4 5 + =
p =
1
2
(OA+OB+AB) =
1
2
(3 +4 +5) =6
=>
S
r
p
= = 1=> tm ng trn ni tip OAB A l H(1;1)
Gi D, E, F ln lt l trung im ca cc on AB, OB, OA. Ta c D
3
;2
2
| |
|
\ .
,
E(0;2), F
3
;0
2
| |
|
\ .

/ /
/ /
DE OA
DF OB
OA OB
DE DF DEF vung ti D.
Gi K l trung im ca on EF => K
3
;1
4
| |
|
\ .
, K l tm ng trn ngoi tip
DEF A . Bn knh ng trn ny l R =KE =
2
2
3
1
4
| |
+
|
\ .
=
5
4

Ta thy
1
4
R r = ,
2
1 1
4 4
HK
| |
= =
|
\ .
R r HK = ng trn ni tip OAB A v
ng trn ngoi tip DEF A tip xc ngoi vi nhau, pcm.

Cu Vb.
1.
2 2
1 1
3 2 5.6 0
x x x + +
s
2 2 3 2
3.3 2.2 5.6 0 3. 2. 5 0
2 3
x x
x x x
| | | |
s s
| |
\ . \ .

t
3
0
2
x
t t
| |
= >
|
\ .

Ta c
2
2
3 5 0 3 5 2 0 0 2 t t t t
t
s s < s
3
2
3
2 log 2
2
x
x
| |
s s
|
\ .
.
Cch khc.
Bt phng trnh cho tng ng:
2
3
2
3 3 3 3 3
3 5 2 0 2 3 1 0 2 log 2
2 2 2 2 2
x x x x x
x
( (
| | | | | | | | | |
s + s s s
( (
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
( (

2. Gi E l trung im ca on CD
Ta c: ABCD cnBECD
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
234
a
H
F
K
a
a
a
a
E
B
C
D
A
AACD cnAECD
Suy ra CDmp(ABE) v gc gia mp(ACD) v mp(BCD) bng Z(AE,BE)=90
o

Li c AACD =ABCDAE =BE AABE vung cn ti E
AE =BE =
2
a

CE =
2 2
AE AC =
2
a
CD =
2
2a
= 2 a
BCD
S
A
=
2
1
BE.CD =
2
1
.
2
a
. 2 a =
2
2
1
a
M AE CD v AEBE
AE mp(BCD) nn AE l
ng cao h t nh A xung
mp(BCD) ca hnh chop A.BCD
Vy
. A BCD
V =
3
1
AE.
BCD
S
A
=
2
1 1
. .
3 2 2
a
a =
3
2
12
a

Gi F, K, H ln lt l trung im ca AC, BD v AB

EF/ /AD,EK / /BC
EF EK HK FH
2
a
= = = =

Nn t gic HFKE l hnh thoi c ng cho HE =
2
1
AB =
2
a

Suy ra, cc tam gic KHE,FHE u

0
KEF 120 =
Z(EF, EK) =60
o

Vy gc gia 2 ng thng AD v BC bng 60
o
.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
76
S 6

Cu I :
1. Kho st v v th hm s y = x x x 3 2
3
1
2 3
+ (1)
(Hc sinh t gii)
2. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi th hm s (1) v trc Ox.
) (
4
9
0
3
2
3
3
2
12
3 2
3
1
2 3
4
2 3
3
0
dvdt x x
x
dx x x x S =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = |
.
|
\
|
+ =
}

Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh
x
2
cos 8
1
=sinx
iu kin:
>
=
) ( 0 sin
) ( 0 cos
b x
a x

Vi iu kin phng trnh x x x
x
2 2 2
2
cos sin 4
2
1
sin
cos 8
1
= =

0 4 cos
2
4 cos 1
2 sin
2
1
2
= |
.
|
\
|
= = x
x
x
4 8
k
x + = (1)
Kt hp iu kin: cosx =cos 0
4 8
= |
.
|
\
|
+
k

( , , )
8 4 2
k
n k n

+ = + e Z
1 +2k 4 + 8n
iu ny lun ng v I +2k l s l, 4 +8n l s chn, vy iu kin (a) tho
mn, iu kin (b):
sinx =sin |
.
|
\
|
+
4 8
k
>0
Tp nghim (1) c biu
din bi 8 im ngn trn
ng trn lng gic, trong
P N D B 1 TON D 2002
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
77
c 4 im thuc na trn
ca ng trn tho mn
iu kin sinx >0, vy tp
nghim ca phng trnh l:
x =
n 2
8
+ , x =3
n 2
8
+ ,
x =
n 2
8
5 + , x =
n 2
8
7 + .
2. iu kin: x >0, y >0, x 1, y 1.
x
3
+2x
2
3x 5y =x
3
2x
2
3x =5y (1)
y
3
+2y
2
3y 5x =y
3
2y
2
3y =5x (2)
T (1) v (2) 2(x
2
y
2
) 3(x y) =5(y x)
2(x
2
y
2
) +2(x-y) =0
(x y) (x +y +1) =0 (3)
H (1) v (2) vi iu kin x >0, y >0 tng ng vi h

2 2
4
2 3 5 2 8 0
x y x y
x y
x x y x x
= =
= =

= =

Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht: x = y = 4
Cu I I I :
1. T din ABCD u cnh a nn cc mt l nhng tam gic u cnh a. Gi M
l trung im BC, N l trung im AD. Ta c BC AM, BC DM suy ra BC
(ADM) BC MN.
ng thi c AM =DM =
2
3 a

MN AD (trung tuyn va l ng cao).
Vy MN l ng vung gc chung ca BC v
AD.

Trong AAMN vung gc ti N ta c
MN =
2
2
4 4
3
2 2
2 2
a a a
AN AM = =
Hnh 23
x 0
y
O
8

H
Hnh 24
A
D
B
C
a
N
M
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
78
( ) cm 6
2
2
2 6 = =
2. a) D nhn thy rng d
m
lun i qua im M
0
(0; - 1) m. Do bn trc ln a =
3, bn trc nh b = 2 nn M
0
(0; - 1) l im trong thc s ca elip (E), do d
m

lun ct elip (E) ti hai im phn bit.
Cch khc: T phng trnh xc nh d
m
rt theo x v th vo phng
trnh ca (E) ta c mt phng trnh bc 2 theo x c bit thc A >0. m.
b) Gi (x
0
; y
0
) l to tip im, ta c phng trnh ca tip tuyn vi (E)
1
4 9
0 0
= +
y y x x

(x
0
; y
0
) e (E) nn
1
4 9
2
0
2
0
= +
y x
(1)
Tip tuyn qua N (1; -3) nn
1
4
3
9
0 0
=
y x
(2)
Rt y
0
t (2) th vo (1) ta rt gn c
0 405 72 85
0
2
0
= x x
A' =36
2
+85.405 =35721 =189
2
.
;
17
45
85
189 36
0
=
+
= x .
5
9
85
289 36
0
=
= x
Vi
17
45
0
= x ta c .
17
16
0

= y
Vi
5
9
0

= x ta c .
5
8
0

= y
Vy ta c 2 tip tuyn cn tm
1
4 . 17
16
9 . 17
45
= y x hay 5x - 4y - 17 =0
1
4 . 5
8
9 . 5
9
= y x hay x +2y +5 =0
Ch : Bn c th b qua cc cu ni v tip tuyn ca conic v sch gio khoa
hin hnh khng trnh by na.
Cu I V:
O
y
x
N
-3
-3
2 3
-2
Hnh 25
1
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
79
( ) 1 ... 1
9
10
6 4
10
7 3
10
8 2
10
8 9 1
10
10 10
+ + + + + + + = + x C x C x C x C x x C x x
( ) ( ) + + + + + + = + + ... 2 1
7 4
10
8 3
10
9 2
10
10 1
10
11 10
x C x C x C x C x x x

( ) 1 ... 2
9
10
2 8
10
7 3
10
8 2
10
9 1
10
10 2 9
10
+ + + + + + + + + + x C x C x C x C x C x x x C
( ) ( ) ( )
8 2
10
3
10
9 1
10
2
10
10 1
10
11
2 . 2 . 2 x C C x C C x C x + + + + + + =

11 10
6
5
7
4
8
3
9
2
10
1
11
... a x a x a x a x a x a x a x + = + + + + + + =

Vy 672 2
4
10
5
10 5
= + = C C a

Cu V:
1.
( )
( )( )
( )
2
2 3 4 5
1
2
6
1
1
5 1
lim
1
5 6
lim
+ + + +
=
+

x
x x x x x x
x
x x
x x

( ) ( )
( )
15 5 4 3 2 1
1
5 4 3 2 1
lim
2
2 3 4 2
1
= + + + + =
+ + + +
=

x
x x x x x
x

2. Ta c din tch tam gic:
1 1 1
.
2 2 2
a b c
S ah ah ah = = =
;
2
a
S
h
a
= ;
2
b
S
h
b
=
c
S
h
c
2
=

( ) c b a
S h h h
c b a
+ + = + +
2
1 1 1 1

( )
|
.
|
\
|
+ + + + =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + |
.
|
\
|
+ +
c b a
c b a
S h h h c b a
c b a
1 1 1
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

p dng bt ng thc Csi ta c:
( ) 9
1 1 1
>
|
.
|
\
|
+ + + +
c b a
c b a
V
2
3
= S theo gi thit, do vy ta c:
. 3
3
9 1 1 1 1 1 1
= >
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + |
.
|
\
|
+ +
c b a
h h h c b a

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
101
S 11

Cu I :
2 2
5 6
3
x x m
y
x
+ + +
=
+
khi m =1
(Hc sinh t gii)
2. tm m hm s ng bin trn khong (1;+):
Ta c:
2 2
2
(2 5)( 3) ( 5 6)
( 3)
x x x x m
y
x
+ + + + +
=
+

=
2 2
2
6 9
( 3)
x x m
x
+ +
+

hm s ng bin trn khong (1;+) iu kin cn v l y'/0
x e (1;+) v y'(x) ch bng 0 ti cc im ri rc ca khong

2 2
6 9 / 0, /1 x x x m x + + (1)
Gi x
1
,x
2
l cc nghim ca phng trnh x
2
+6x +9 - m
2
=0
Ta c: x
1
=-3 - m; x
2
=-3 +m.
Khi m =0 th x
1
=x
2
v bt phng trnh (1) lun tho mn
Khi m >0 , tho mn i hi ca bi ton, khong (1, +) phi nm bn
ngoi khong (x
1
, x
2
) tc l
x
2
<x
1
s 1 -3 +m s 1 0 <m s 4.
Khi m <0, ta c x
2
<x
1
, tho mn bi ton phi c x
2
<x
1
s 1
-3 - 3 s 1 0 >m > -4.
Tng hp ba trng hp trn ta c -4 s m s 4
Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh
( )
( )
2
os cos 1
2 1 sin
sin cos
c x x
x
x x
= +
+

iu kin: sinx +cosx = 2sin 0
4
x
| |
+ =
|
\ .
.
Vi iu kin y phng trnh tng ng vi:
(1 - sin
2
x) (cosx - 1) =2(sinx +sosx) (1 +sinx0
(1 +sinx) [(1 - sinx)(cosx - 1)- 2(sinx +cosx)]=0

sinx 1 sinx 1
(1 cos )(1 sinx) 0 cos 1 x x
= =

+ + = =

(tho mn iu kin)
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
102

2
4
2
x k
k Z
x k
= +
= +

2. f(x) =xlog
x
2 (x>0, x =1)
Tnh f'(x) v gii bt phng trnh f'(0) s 0;

2 2
1
( )
log log
x
f x x
x x
= =

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 1
log . log
ln2 ln2
'( )
(log ) (log )
x x x
x
f x
x x

= =
Ta c: f'(x) s 0

2
1
log 0
ln2
x s (do >0 nn, x = 1 nn ( )
2
2
log 0 x > )

2 2
log log x e s
1
x x e
x
< s

Cu I I I :
1. Vect php tuyn ca ng cao k t B l
1
n
=(2;1). Suy ra ng thng AC

c phng trnh 2(x - 1) +(y - 0) hay 2x +y -2 =0, Vect php tuyn ca ng
cao k t C l
2
n
=(1;3). Suy ra ng thng AB c phng trnh

1. (x - 1) - 3(y - 0) =0 hay x - 3y - 1 =0.
To ca B l nghim ca h:

2 1 0
( 5; 2).
3 1 0
x y
B
x y
+ =

To C l nghim ca phng trnh:

3 1 0
( 1;4)
2 2 0
x y
C
x y
+ =

+ =

Gi H l chn ng h t C xung AB th to ca H l nghim ca h

3 1 0
2 1
;
3 1 0 5 5
x y
H
x y
+ =
| |
|
=
\ .

Ta c
1
.
2
ABC
S ABCH
A
= trong d:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
103

2 2
2 2
(5 1) ( 2 0) 2 10
2 1 7
1 4 10
5 5 5
AB
CH
= + =
| | | |
= + + =
| |
\ . \ .

Vy
1 7
.2 10. 10 14
2 5
ABC
S
A
= =
2. Mt cu (S) c tm I(1; -1; 1) v bn knh R =3. Gi d l khong cch t I
n (P). (S) tip xc vi (P) ta cn c d =3.

2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2.1 2.( 1) 1.1 3
3
2 2 1
3 1 9
3 1 9 3 10 0
2; 5
m m
d
m m
m m m m
m m
+ +
= =
+ +
+ =
- + = + =
= =

2 2
3 1 9 3 8 0 m m m m - + = + + = v nghim.
Vy m cn tm l m =-5; m =2
Mt phng (P) c vect php (2;2;1) n=
.
ng thng (d) i qua I v (P) c phng trnh:

1 1 1
2 2 1
x y z +
= =
Vi m cn tm l m =-5, m =2.
Mt phng (P) c vect php n
=(2; 2; 1).
ng thng (d) i qua I v (P) c phng trnh:

1 1 1
2 2 1
x y z +
= = .
Vi m =-5 v m =2 phng trnh can(P) l
2x +2y +z - 10 =0
To tip im l nghim ca h
( )
2 2 10 0
3;1;2
1 1 1
2 2 1
x y z
x y z
+ + =

+
= =

3. SA (ABC) SA AC. Do
ASAC vung ti A. M l trung
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
104
im SC nn MA = .
2
SC
ABC A
vung ti B. Vy MB =
2
SC
. T
MA =MB. Vy AAMB cn ti
M.
T M k MN // SA. T H k HK //
BC. Do SA AB. T MN =
2
SA
a = ,
HK =
2
BC
a = v t AB HK suy ra AB
MK.
Ta c MK =
2 2 2 2
2. MH HK a a a + = + =
Vy
2
1 1 2
. . 2 .
2 2 2
AMB
a
S ABMK aa
A
= = =
Cu I V:
1. T 9 ch s 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin chn m
mi s gm 7 ch s khc nhau?
Cc s phi lp l nhn nn phi c ch s ng cui cng l 0 hoc
2;4;6;8.
Trng hp ch s 0 ng cui cng th 6 ch s cn li ca s c lp
ng vi mt chnh hp chp 6 ca 8 ch s cn li, do c
6
8
A thuc loi ny.
Trng hp mi mt trong cc ch s 2; 4; 6; 8 ng cui cng th 6 ch s
cn li ca s t nhin c lp cng ng vi chnh hp chp 6 ca 8 ch s (k
c cc s t nhin c ch s 0 ng u m thc cht l s c 6 ch s). V vy
lng cc s loi ny gm
( )
6 5
8 7
4. A A .
Vy lp c tt c
( )
6 6 5
8 8 7
4 90720 A A A + = s t nhin chn gm 7 ch s
khc nhau trong 9 ch s cho.
2. Tnh
2 2
1 1
3 2
0 0
x x
I x e dx x e xdx = =
} }

t x
2
=t, ta c:
1 1
0 0
x t
B
K
C
M
S
A
H
Hnh 40
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
105

( )
1 1
0 0
1 1
2 2
t t
I tedt td e = =
} }

=
1
0
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
t t t
e e
te edt e e
| |
= = + =
|
\ .
}

Vy
1
2
I =
Cu V:
Ta c:

( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
2
1 1
1 os2 1 os2 sin
2 2
1
1 2 os( ). os( ) sin os cos . os( )
2
1 1 1
cos ( ) os ( )
2 os 4 4
Q c A c B C
c A B c A B C c C Cc A B
C A B c A B
c
= +
= + = +
(
= + >
(

Vy
1
4
Q>
V
0
0
120
1
1
4 cos
30
2
A B
C
Q
C
A B
=
=

=

=
= =

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
106
S 12

Cu I :
1. Kho st v th hm s y =2x
3
- 3x -1 (C)
2. Phng trnh d
k
: y +1 =kx y =kx - 1.
Phi xc nh k sao cho phng trnh:
2x
3
- 3x
2
- 1 =kx - 1 x(x
2
- 3x -k) =0, c 3 nghim phn bit.
2x
2
- 3x - k =0 c hai nghim phn bit = 0

9
9 8 0
8
0
0
k k
k
k
A = + > >

=

Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh
2cos 4
cotx t nx
sin2
x x
a
x
= +
iu kin: sin2x = 0 cos2x = 1
Vi iu kin phng trnh
cos sinx os4
sinx cos sinx.cos
x c x
x x
=

2
os2 os4 2cos 2 os2 1 0 c x c x x c x = =

os2 1: ai
1
os2
2 3
c x lo
c x x k
= = +

2. Gii phng trnh: log
5
(5
x
- 4) =1 - x. iu kin: 5
x
- 4 >0
Thy ngay x =1 l mt nghim.
t f(x) = log
5
(5
x
- 4) - 1 +x l mt hm s ng bin.
Suy ra x =1 l nghim duy nht.
Cu I I I :
1. a) I l trung im ca AB nn c to I ( 1; 0; 2);
AB=
(-2; -2; 2) =-2 (1;1;-1). Mt phng (P) d qua I v vung gc vi

AB c phng trnh.
1.(x - 1) +1 (y - 0) - 1 (z - 2) =0
Hay: x +y - z +1 =0
K l giao im ca d vi (P) nn to d ca K l nghim ca h.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
107
( )
1 0
3 2 11 0 3; 1;3
3 8 0
x y z
x y K
y z
+ + =
+ =

Trong phng trnh xc nh d t x = 2t ta c y = 3t -
11
2
, z =
( )
1 9
8
3 2
y t = + . Vy ta c vct ch phng ( ) 2;3; 1
d
n =
v ( ) 2; 1;1 . IK =

Ta c ( ) ( ) . 2.2 3 1 1 .1 0
d
n IK = + + =

. Vy d IK.
b) Mt phng c phng trnh x +y - z +1 =0 chnh l mt phng (P). Gi h
d
l
hnh chiu vung gc ca d trn (P) ta c IK d, KI h
d
, do mt phng cha
d, h
d
c phng trnh 2. (x - 3) - 1. (y +1) +1 . (x - 3) =0
(mp cha im K v vung gc vi IK
)
hay 2x - y +z - 10 =0
Vy phng trnh tng qut ca hnh chiu ca d trn mt phng (P) l

2 10 0
1 0
x y z
x y z
+ =
+ + =

2. Trong mt phng (ABC), k AH BC.
Do AD (AVC) nn BC DH. AABC vung ti A
Ta c: BC =
2 2 2 2
AC AB b c + = +

2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 b c
AH AC AB b c b c
+
= + = + =

Do AH
2
=
2 2
2 2
b c
b c +
v
AD (ABC) nn AD AH. Do :
AH
2
=AD
2
+AH
2

=
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
b c a b a c b c a b a c b c
a DH
b c b c
b c
+ + + +
+ = =
+ +
+

Vy
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 1
. . .
2 2 2
ABC
a b a c b c
S BC DH b c a b a c b c
b c
A
+ +
= = + = + +
+

C
B
A
c
a
b
H
A
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
108
Ta c
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
. . .
2 2 2
b c a c a b
abc a b c a bc b ac c ab a b c
+ + +
+ + = + + s + +

( theo bt quy tc Csi)

2 2 2 2 2
2
BC
a b a c b c S
A
+ + =
( .p.c.m)
Cu I V:
1. Tm s t nhin n tho mn

2 2 2 3 3 3
2 100
n n
n n n n n n
C C C C C C

+ + = (1)
H thc (1)
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 3 3
2 100
n n n n
C C C C + + =

( )
2
2 3
100
n n
C C + =

2 3
10
n n
C C + =

( ) ( ) 1 ( 1) 2
10
2 6
n n n n n
+ =

( ) ( )( )
2 2
3 2 60 n n n n n + =

( )( )
2
3 2 60 n n n + =

( ) ( )
2
1 60 n n n + =
( ) ( ) 1 1 3.4.5 n n n + =

*
( 1) ( 1) 60 n n n
n
+ =

n =4
2. Tnh
2
1
1
1
e
x
I nxdx
x
+
= }

1 2
1 1
dx
I = 1nx.xdx+ 1nx =I +I
x
e e
} }

2
1
1 1
1 . . 1 .
2
e e
x
I nxxdx nxd
| |
= } = }
|
\ .

=
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
1
1 .
2 2 2 4 4 4
e
e e
x x dx e x e
nx
x
} = = +
( )
2
2
1 1 1
1 1
1 . 1 . 1 1
2 2
e e
e
dx
I nx nxd nx n x
x
= } = } = =
Vy I =I
1
+I
2
=
2 2
1 1 3
4 2 4
e e + +
+ = .
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
109
Cu V:
Xc nh dng ca tam gic ABC bit rng
(p - a) sin
2
A +(p - b)sin
2
B =csinA . sinB (1)
H thc (1) (p - a) a
2
+(p - b) b
2
=abc

( ) ( )
1
p a a
p b b
bc ac

+ =

( ) ( )
p a a
p b b
p p p
bc ac

+ =

2 2
os os
2 2
A B
ac bc p + =
( ) ( ) 1 cos 1 cos a A b B a b c + + + = + +
cos cos sin2 sin2 2 a A b B A B sinC + = + =
( ) os 1 c A B = A =B, tc tam gic cn.

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
119
S 16

Cu I :
1. Bn c t gii.
2. pt(d): y =
1
3
x +1. V tip tuyn vung gc vi (d) nn tip tuyn c h s
gc bng -3.
Gi M(x
0
; y
0
) l tip im, ta c f (x
0
) =-3.
2
0 2 2
0
0 0
0 0
4 4
'( ) 1 1 3 ( 1) 1
( 1) ( 1)
0 4
2 6
f x x
x x
x y
x y
= = + =
+ +
= =

= =

Vy c hai tip tuyn c phng trnh l: y =-3x +4 v y =-3x 12

Cu I I :
1. 2sinx.cos2x +sin2x.cosx =sin4x.cosx
2sinx.cos2x +sin2x.cosx.(1-2cos2x) =0
2sinx.(cos2x +cos
2
x(1 2cos2x))=0
sinx =0 x =k
1+cos2x
cos2x + (1 - 2cos2x) =0 (*)
2

Gii (*): t t = cos2x, pt (*) tr thnh: 2t
2
t 1 =0
2 2 1 os2x =1
2 1 1
2 2 cos2x =
3 3 2 2
x k x k t c
x k x k t

= = =

= + = + =

Vy nghim ca pt l
3
x k
x k
= +

2.
2 2
1
(1)
2 2 (2)
x y x
x y y x
x y
+
+ = +

T (1): (x y).(x +y 1) =0
1
x y
y x
=

Nu x = y thay vo (2) ta c: 2
2x
2
x -1
=0
1
2.(2 ) 0 1, 1
2
x x
x y = = =
Nu y = 1 x: thay vo (2) ta c 2 2
x 1
=2x - 1 2
x 1
- 3 +2x =0
D thy x = 1 l mt nghim v v tri l hm s ng bin trn R nn l
nghim duy nht. Vy h pt c nghim l (-1; -1) v (1; 0).
Cu I I I :
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
120
1. Gi C(x; y). Ta c:
//
AB AC
BK BC

(2; 8); ( 1; 4) 4 17 0
4 1 4
( ;6); ( 1; 4) 9 2 17 0
3 4/3 6
AB AC x y x y
x y
BK BC x y x y
= = + + =
+
= = + = =

T suy ra x = 3; y = 5 hay C(3; 5)
2. a) Ta c:
(0;2;0); ( 2;0;2) [ ; ]=(4; 0; 4)
ABC
AB AC n AB AC = = =

n (1;0;1) =
l 1 vc t php tuyn ca (ABC).

Vy ptmp(ABC) l x +z 2 =0.
Gi () l ng thng i qua O v vung gc vi mp(ABC). Ta c pt tham s
ca t () l: 0
x t
y
z t
=

Gi I l hnh chiu vung gc ca O ln mp(ABC) th I l giao im ca t ()
v mp(ABC). Suy ra I(1; 0; 1).
I l trung im ca OO nn O(2; 0; 2).
b) Ta c OH <OA =2
( ; ) 8
1
( ) ( ; ). 8 4
2
d B OH OB
dt OHB d B OH OH
s =
= < <

Vy ta c pcm.
Cu I V:
1.
2
0
.sin I x xdx
=
}

t
2
2 t x t x tdt dx = = =
Vi x = 0, t = 0
Vi x =
2
, t = . Khi :
2
0
2 .sin I t tdt
=
}

t
2
2 2
1
0
0
2 2
2 . ost 4. os 2
ostdt sin
du tdt u t
I t c tc tdt I
v c dv tdt
= =
= + = +

= =

}

Tnh I
1
:
1
0 0
0
4.sin 4sin 4 ost 8 I t t tdt c

= = =
}

Vy
2
2 8 I =
2. Ta c:
2
0 0
1 1
( ) .( )
n n
n k n k k k n k
n n
k k
x C x C x
x x

= =
+ = =

S
H
B
A
O
z
y
x
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
121
Khi :
0 1
23 23 2
23
0
24 1 24 23
1
( )
n n
n
k k
k
C C n n
x C x
x

=
+ = + = =
+ =

Theo bi ra: 23 2k >0 nn
23
11
2
k k < s
Tng
0 1 11
23 23 23
..... S C C C = + + +
M
23
0 1 11 12 13 23 0 1 23 22 11 2
23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23
1 2
..... ..... ( ..... ) 2 (2 )
2 2
C C C C C C C C C + + + = + + + = + + + = = =
Vy S l s chnh phng.
Cu V:
Phng trnh cho: x
2

+( m
2

-
5
3
)
2
x +4 +2 - m
2

=0.
t
2
x +4 =t > 2.
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi: t
2

- 4+( m
2

-
5
3
)t +2 - m
2

=0.
3t
2

+( 3m
2

- 5 )t - 6 - 3m
2

=0 3t
2

- 5t - 6 =3m
2

(1 - t)
2
2
3 5 6
3
1
t t
m
t

=
.
t
2
3 5 6
( ) , 2.
1
t t
f t t
t

= >

Ta c
2 2
2 2
(6 5)(1 ) 3 5 6 3 6 11
'( ) 0, 2.
(1 ) (1 )
t t t t t t
f t t
t t
+ +
= = < >

f(t) gim lin tc trn [2; +), f(2) =4 v lim ( )
x
f t
+
= .
Vy phng trnh c nghim khi ch khi
2
3
3 4
2
m m s s .

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
122
S 17

Cu I :
1. Bn c t gii.
2. Ta c:
1
x
y
x
=
+
, (C)
Me(C) M(a;
1
a
a+
), d: 3x +4y =0
d(M;d) =1
4
3
5 6 21 1
1 1, ,
5 3 3
a
a
a a a
+
+
= = = =
Cu I I :
1.

sinx +sin2x = 3( osx +cos2x) sinx - 3 osx = 3 os2x - sin2x
sin(x - ) sin( 2 )
3 3
2 2 x - 2 2
x =
3 3
9 3
2
x 2 x - 2 2
3 3
c c c
x
k x k
k x k

= +
= = + +

2. Tm max, min ca hm s
2
( 1) 1 y x x = +
k: 1 1. x s s
Ta c:
2
2
2
2
' 1 ( 1). 0
1
1
1 ( 1)
0
1
1
2
x
y x x
x
x
x x x
x
x
= + + =
=
+

=

=

Khi : y(-1) =y(1) =0;
1 3 3
( )
2 4
y =
Vy
3 3
axy
4
m = khi x =
1
2
v miny =0 khi x =1.
Cu I I I :
1. V Bed
1
nn gi ta B(b; -5-b).
V Ced
2
nn gi ta C(7-2c; c).
Do G(2; 0) l trng tm ABC nn ta c:
2 7 2 6 2 3 1
3 5 0 2 1
b c b c b
b c b c c
+ + = = =

+ = = =

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
123
Vy B(-1; -4) v C(5; 1).
2. *) Chng minh: m(n m) =a
2
.
Ta c : MC
2
+MN
2
=NC
2

m
2
+2a
2
+a
2
+(n m)
2
=a
2
+n
2

2m
2
2nm +2a
2
=0
m(n m) =a
2
(pcm)
*) ABNM l hnh thang nn
dt(ABNM) =
( ).
2
m n a +

Theo trn ta suy ra:
2 2
2 2
( ) (2 ). 2. 2 . 2
2 2
a a a a
n m dt ABNM m a a
m m
= + = + > =
Vy dt(ABNM) nh nht l
2
a
2 khi m =
2
a
3. Ta c phng trnh ca d:
2 2
x t
y t
z t
=
= +
c vc t ch phng (1; 1;2)

d
a =

Suy ra phng trnh mf(P): x - (y - 1) +2(z - 1) =0 x - y +2z - 1 =0.
ng thng i qua B v vung gc vi (P) c vc t ch phng (1; 1;2)
d
a =
nn
c phng trnh:

1
1
2 2
x t
y t
z t
= +
= +
thay vo phng trnh (P):

1 +t - 1 +t +4 +4t - 1 =0 t =
1
2
. Suy ra B'
1 3
; ;1
2 2
| |
|
\ .
.
Cu I V:
1. Tnh
ln8
2
ln3
1
x x
I e e dx = +
}

t e
x
+1 =t dt =e
x
dx
Vi x = ln3: t = 4
Vi x = ln8: t = 9.
Khi :
9
9 9 5 3
3/2 1/2
2 2
4 4
4
2 2
( 1). ( )
5 3
I t tdt t t dt t t
| |
= = =
|
\ .
} }

2. Gi abcd l s chn c 4 ch s i mt khc nhau, nh hn 2158.
- a =1: d c 5 cch chn, bc c
2
8
A cch chn. Suy ra, khi a = 1 c 5
2
8
A =280 s.
- a =2:
+b =0: d c 3 cch chn, c c 7 cch chn. Suy ra c 21 s.
+b =1, c =5, d c 3 cch chn. Suy ra c 3 s.
n
a
m
M
B
C
D
A
N
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
124
Suy ra, khi a =2 c 3.7 +3 +3 +4 =31 s.
Vy, s tt c cc s cn tm l 280 +31 =311 s.
Cu V:
Xc nh m h c nghim:
2
2
5 4 0 (1)
3 16 0 (2)
x x
x mx x
+ s
+ =

Ta c (1) [1;4] xe .
(2)
2
3 16 mx x x = + (3)
Vi [1;4] xe : (3)
2
3 16 x
m
x x
+
= =f(x).
2 2
2 2
3 3
6 3
2
12 9 3
'( )
2 2
x
x x x x
x x x x
f x
x x x
| |
+
|
\ .
= = = >0, [1;4] xe .
Suy ra
| | | | 1;4 1;4
min ( ) (1) 19 max ( ) (4) 8 f x f f x f = = = = .
Vy, h c nghim khi ch khi 8 19 m s s .

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
134
S 20

CU I :
1. Khao sat
4 2
y x 6x 5 = + . MX: D =R
( )
= = = = =
3 2
y' 4x 12x 4x x 3 ,y' 0 x 0hayx 3
2
y'' 12x 12,y'' 0 x 1 = = =
BBT
x
3
0
3
+
y'
- 0 + 0 - 0 +
y
+ 5 +

- 4 -4
oth

2. Tm m ephng trnh
4 2
2
x 6x log m 0 = co4 nghiem phan biet.

4 2 4 2
2 2
x 6x log m 0 x 6x 5 log m 5 = + = +
at
2
k log m 5 = +
Phng trnh cho c 4 nghim phn bit ng thang y =k cat (C) tai 4
iem phan biet 4 k 5 < < < + <
2
4 log m 5 5
< < < <
2
9
1
9 log m 0 m 1
2

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
135
CAU II
1. Giai pt
( )
= 3x 3 5 x 2x 4 1
ieu kien:
3x 3 0
5 x 0 2 x 5
2x 4 0
>
> s s
>

(1) 3x 3 5 x 2x 4 = + va s s 2 x 5

( )( ) = + + 3x 3 5 x 2x 4 2 5 x 2x 4 va s s 2 x 5
( )( ) = x 2 5 x 2x 4 va s s 2 x 5
= x 2 0 ( ) = hay[ x 2 5 x 2 va < s 2 x 5]
( ) = = < s
= =
x 2hay[x 2 2 5 x va2 x 5]
x 2hayx 4

2. Giai phng trnh:
( )
( )
2 2 3
sinxcos2x cos x tg x 1 2sin x 0 2 + + =
ieu kien : cosx 0 x k
2
t
= = + t
( ) + + =
2 2 3
2 sinxcos2x sin x cos x 2sin x 0
( )
+ =
2
sinx cos2x 2sin x cos2x 0
( ) + = sinx cos2x 1 cos2x cos2x 0

( )
=
2
sinx 1 2sin x 0
+ =
2
2sin x sinx 1 0

( )
= =
1
sinx (v sinx 1 loai )
2

t t t
= = = + t = + t
1 5
sinx sin x k2 hay x k2
2 6 6 6

CAU III.
1. Do tnh oi xng cua elp (E). Ta chcan xet trng hp x 0,y 0 > >
Goi ( ) ( ) A 2m,0 ;B 0,m lagiao iem cua tiep tuyen cua (E) vi cac truc toa o
(m 0 > ). Pt AB:
x y
1 x 2y 2m 0
2m m
+ = + =
AB tiep xuc vi (E)
2
64 4.9 4m + =
( )
2 2
4m 100 m 25 m 5 m 0 = = = >
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
136
Vay pt tiep tuyen lax 2y 10 0 + =
V tnh oi xng nen ta co4 tieptuyn l:

x 2y 10 0,x 2y 10 0
x 2y 10 0,x 2y 10 0
+ = + + =
= + =

2. a)
1
d qua ( ) O 0,0,0 , VTCP ( ) a 1,1,2 =

2
d qua ( ) B 1,0,1 , VTCP ( ) b 2,1,1 =

( ) a,b 1, 5,3
(
=

, ( ) OB 1,0,1 =

1 2
a,b OB 1 3 4 0 d ,d
(
= + = =

cheo nhau
b. ( )
1
M d M t',t',2t' e ; ( )
2
N d N 1 2t,t,1 t e +
( ) MN 2t t' 1,t t',t 2t' 1 = +

V MN // (P) ( )
p
MN n 1, 1,1 =

= + + + =

p MN.n 0 2t t' 1 t t' t 2t' 1 0 t t' =
( ) ( )
2 2
2
MN t' 1 4t' 1 3t' 2 = + + =
( ) + = = = =
2
4
14t' 8t' 2 2 2t' 7t' 4 0 t' 0 hayt'
7

* t=0 ta co ( ) ( )( ) M 0,0,0 O P loai e
*
4
t'
7
= ta co
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
4 4 8 1 4 3
M , , ;N , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7

CAU IV. 1/ Tnh
e
2
1
I x lnxdx =
}

at
dx
u lnx du
x
= = ; = =
3
2
x
dv x dx chon v
3

3
e e
e
2 3
1
1 1
x 1 dx
I x lnxdx lnx x
3 3 x
= =
} }

3
e
3 3
1
x 1 2 1
lnx x e
3 9 9 9
= = +
2. Ta cocc trng hp :
* 3 n+5 nam. Ta co
3 5
5 10
C C 2520 =
* 4 n+4 nam. Ta co
4 4
5 10
C C 1050 =
* 5 n+3 nam. Ta co
5 3
5 10
C C 120 =
Theo qui tac cong. Ta co2520 +1050 +120 =3690 cach .
CAU V:
Ta co:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
137
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3
3
3
a 3b 1 1 1
a 3b 1.1 a 3b 2
3 3
b 3c 1 1 1
b 3c 1.1 b 3c 2
3 3
c 3a 1 1 1
c 3a 1.1 c 3a 2
3 3
+ + +
+ s = + +
+ + +
+ s = + +
+ + +
+ s = + +

Suy ra ( )
3 3 3
1
a 3b b 3c c 3a 4 a b c 6
3
+ + + + + s + + + (

1 3
4. 6 3
3 4
(
s + =
(

Dau =xay ra
3
a b c 1
a b c
4
4
a 3b b 3c c 3a 1
+ + =
= = =
+ = + = + =

Cach 2: at
3 3
x a 3b x a 3b = + = + ; = + = +
3 3
y b 3c y b 3c;
= + = +
3 3
z c 3a z c 3a
( )
3 3 3
3
x y z 4 a b c 4. 3
4
+ + = + + = = . BT can cm x y z 3 + + s .
Ta co:
3 3 3
x 1 1 3 x .1.1 3x + + > = ;
3 3 3
y 1 1 3 y .1.1 3y + + > = ;

3 3 3
z 1 1 3 z .1.1 3z + + > = ( ) 9 3 x y z > + + (V
3 3 3
x y z 3 + + = ).
Vay x y z 3 + + s
Hay
3 3 3
a 3b b 3c c 3a 3 + + + + + s
Dau =xay ra = = = + + =
3 3 3
3
x y z 1vaa b c
4

+ = + = + = a 3b b 3c c 3a 1 va
3 1
a b c a b c
4 4
+ + = = = = .

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
138
S 21
CAU I
1. Khao sat
2
x 2x 2
y
x 1
+ +
=
+
(C)
MX: { } D R\ 1 =
( )
+
= = + = = =
+
2
2
2
x 2x
y' ,y' 0 x 2x 0 x 0hayx 2
x 1

BBT
x -2 -1 0 +
y'
+ 0 - - 0 +
y

-2 +

2
+

Tiem can:
x 1 = lapt t/c ng. y x 1 = + lapt t/c xien
oth:Ban oc tve.
2. Chng minh khong cotiep tuyen nao cua (C) i qua
( )
I 1;0 lagiao iem
cua 2 tiem can.
Goi ( ) ( )
2
o o
o o o o
o
x 2x 2
M x ,y C y
x 1
+ +
e =
+
.
Phng trnh tiep tuyen cua (C) tai
o
M :
( )( )
( )
( )
2
o o
o o o o o
2
o
x 2x
y y f ' x x x y y x x
x 1
| |
+
| = =
|
+
\ .

Tiep tuyen i qua ( ) I 1,0
( )
( )
( )
+
=
+
2
o o o
o
2
o
x 2x 1 x
0 y
x 1

2 2
o o o o
o o
x 2x 2 x 2x
x 1 x 1
+ + +
=
+ +
2 0 = : Vol.
Vay khong cotiep tuyen nao cua (C) i qua ( ) I 1,0 .
CAU II
1. Giai bat phng trnh
2
8x 6x 1 4x 1 0 + + s (1)
(1)
2
8x 6x 1 4x 1 + s
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
139

s >
+ >
= >

> >

s >
+ s

>
2
2 2
2
1 1
x Vx
1 1 4 2
8x 6x 1 0
x Vx
1
4 2
4x 1 0 x
1 4
x 0hayx
8x 6x 1 (4x 1)
4
8x 2x 0

= >
1 1
x hay x
4 2

2. Giai phng trnh
2
2
cos2x 1
tg x 3tg x
2 cos x
t | |
+ =
|
\ .
(2)
(2)
2
2
2
2sin x
cotgx 3tg x
cos x
=

t
= = = = + t e
2 3
1
tg x 0 tg x 1 tgx 1 x k ,k Z
tgx 4

CAU III
1. ng tron ( )
1
C cotam O(0; 0) ban knh
1
R 3 =
ng tron ( )
2
C cotam I(1; 1), ban knh
2
R 5 =
Phng trnh truc ang phng cua 2 ng tron ( )
1
C , ( )
2
C la :

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
x y 9 x y 2x 2y 23 0 + + =
x y 7 0 + + = (d)
Goi
( ) ( )
e =
k k k k
K x ;y d y x 7
( ) ( ) ( ) = + = + = + = + +
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
k k k k k k k k
OK x 0 y 0 x y x x 7 2x 14x 49
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
k k k k k k
IK x 1 y 1 x 1 x 8 2x 14x 65 = + = + = + +
Ta xet
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
k k k k
IK OK 2x 14x 65 2x 14x 49 16 0 = + + + + = >
Vay
2 2
IK OK IK OK(pcm) > >
2. Tm
1
M lah/c cua M len mp (P)
Mp (P) coPVT
( )
=
n 2;2; 1
Pt tham so
1
MM qua M, ( ) P la
x 5 2t
y 2 2t
z 3 t
= +
= +

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
140
Thevao pt mp (P): ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 5 2t 2 2 2t 3 t 1 0 + + + + =
18 9t 0 t 2 + = = . Vay
( ) ( )
=
1 1
MM P M 1; 2; 1
Ta co ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1
MM 5 1 2 2 3 1 16 16 4 36 6 = + + + + = + + = =
ng thang

A = =
x 1 y 1 z 5
:
2 1 6
i qua A(1;1;5) vacovc t ch phng
( )
=
a 2;1; 6 .
Ta co
( )
=
AM 4;1; 8 .
Mat phang (Q) i qua M, cha A mp (Q) qua A covc t php tuyn la
( )
(
=

AM,a 2;8;2 hoc
( )
1;4;1 nen phng trnh (Q):
( ) ( ) ( ) + + + = x 5 4 y 2 z 3 0
x 4y z 10 0 + + =
Cach khac: Mat phang (Q) cha A nen phng trnh mp(Q) codang:
+ = + + + = x 2y 1 0haym(x 2y 1) 6y z 11 0. Mat phang (Q) i qua M(5;2; - 3)
nen ta co 5 4 +1 =0 ( loai) hay m( 5 4 +1) +12 3 11 =0 m =1.
Vay Pt (Q): x 4y z 10 0 + + =
CAU IV:
1. Tnh
( )
t
= +
}
/ 4
sinx
0
I tgx e cosx dx
Ta co:
/ 4 / 4 / 4 / 4
sinx sinx
0 0 0 0
sinx
I tgxdx e cosxdx dx e cosxdx
cosx
t t t t
= + = +
} } } }

( )
1
/ 4
/ 4
sinx
2
0
o
ln cosx e ln 2 e 1
t
t
= + = + (

2. Goi
1 2 3 4 5
n aa a a a = lasocan lap
Trc tien ta cothexep 1, 5 vao 2 trong 5 vtr: ta co:
2
5
A 4.5 20 = = cach
Xep 1, 5 roi ta co5 cach chon 1 chsocho ocon lai au tien
4 cach chon 1 chsocho ocon lai th2
3 cach chon 1 chsocho ocon lai th3
* Theo qui tac nhan ta co:
2
5
A .5.4.3 20.60 1200 = = son.
Cach khac :
- Bc 1 : xep 1, 5 vao 2 trong 5 vtr: ta co:
2
5
A 4.5 20 = = cach
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
141
- Bc 2 : co = =
3
5
A 3.4.5 60 cach boc 3 trong 5 socon lai roi xep vao 3 v
tr con lai .
Vay co20.60 =1200 son thoa ycbt.
CAU V. Ta co
2
0 x 1 x x s s >
Ta co
1 1
x y y x x y y x
4 4
s s +
(1)
Theo bat ang thc Cauchy ta co
+ > + > =
2 2
1 1 1
y x yx 2 yx . x y
4 4 4

1
x y y x
4
s

Dau =xay ra
s s s
=

=

=

2
2
0 y x 1
x 1
x x
1
y
1 4
yx
4

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
169
S 28

Cu I :
1. Bn c t gii.
2. Gi M(x
1
; y
1
), N(x
2
; y
2
) l hai im thuc th v i xng qua trc tung.
1 2
1 2
3 3
2 2 1 2
1 2
1 1 2 2
1 2
1
3 3
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3
2 2 2
0
0
11 11
3 3
3 3 3 3
0
3
0
3 3 3
3 3 3 2 18 0
x x
x x
x x
y y
x x x x
x x
x
x x x x
x x
x x x x x
x x x
= <
= <

=
+ + = + +
= <
=
= < =
+ = + + =

= =

Suy ra M(-3;
16
3
), N(3;
16
3
).
Cu I I :
1. Phng trnh tng ng (sinx + cosx)(1 - sinxcosx) - cos2x =0
(sinx +cosx)(1 - sinxcosx - cosx +sinx) =0
(sinx +cosx)(1 - cosx)(1 +sinx) =0

4
2
2
2
x k
x k
x k
= +
= +

2. H phng trnh cho tng ng vi:

2
2 2
( ) 3( )
( ) 3 7( )
x y xy x y
x y xy x y
+ =
+ =
(1)
t x - y =u, xy =v.
(1)
2 2
2 2 2
0
0 1 3 0 3 3 0
1
2 2 2
2
u v
u u u u v u u
u
v u v u v u
v
= =
= v = + = =

=

= = =

=

0
0 0
0
2, 1 1
1
1, 2 2
2
x y
x y x y
xy
x y x y
x y
x y xy
xy
=
= = = =
=

= = =

=
= = =

=

Cu I I I :
1. Ta c d
1
i qua M(0; 3; -1) v c ch phng ( 1;2;3) a=

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
170
d
2
i qua N(4; 0; 3) v c ch phng (1;1;2) b=

; (1;5; 3), (4; 3;4) ; 23 0 a b MN a b MN
( (
= = = =

. Suy ra pcm.
2. ng thng A nm trong (P) v ct c hai ng thng d
1
v d
2
nn A i qua
giao im ca d
1
v d
2
vi mf(P).
To giao im A ca d
1
v(P):
3 1
( 2;7;5) 1 2 3
4 3 11 26 0
x y z
A
x y z
+
= =
+ =

To giao im B ca d
2
v(P):

4 3
(3; 1;1) (5; 8; 4) 1 1 2
4 3 11 26 0
x y z
B AB
x y z

= =
+ =

Suy ra phng trnh ng thng A:
2 7 5
5 8 4
x y z +
= =

Cu I V:
1. Ta c
2 2 2
2
0
0 0 0
1 1 1
( 1)sin2 ( 1) (cos2 ) ( 1)cos2 cos2
2 2 2
x x x d x x x xdx

+ = + = + +
} } }

= 1
4
+
2. Phng trnh cho tng ng:

2
2
2
2 1 sin(2 1) 0
2 1 sin(2 1) 1 sin (2 1) 0
1 sin (2 1) 0
x x
x x x
x
y
y y
y
+ + =
( ( + + + + =

+ =
sin(2 1) 1
( )
1
2 0 2 1 sin(2 1) 0
1 2 sin(2 1) 1 sin(2 1) 1
2
2 2
x
x x x
x x
x
y
VN
x
y
y k y y

+ =
=
= + + =

= + + = + =

=

Cu Va:
1. Phng trnh (C) c dng: x
2
+y
2
- 2ax - 2by =0 c tm I(a; b), R
2
=a
2
+b
2

A(- 1; 1) e(C) nn 2 +2a - 2b =0 b =1 +a I(a; 1 +a), R
2
=2a
2
+2a +1.
Do (C) tip xc ng thng (d): x - y +1 - 2 =0, nn:
R =d(I, d)
2
(1 ) 1 2
2 2 1
2
a a
a a
+ +
= + +
2a
2
+2a =0 a =0 hoc a = - 1.
Vy c hai ng trn nh th: x
2
+y
2
- 2y =0
x
2
+y
2
+2x =0
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
171
2. Ba kh nng xy ra:

Kh nng T N Nam S cch chn

1

1
2

3
3
2

2
7
9

10
3 7
7 26
C C
2 9
4 19
C C
2 10
2 10
C C

2

1
2

3
2
3

2
8
8

10
3 7
7 26
C C
2 9
4 19
C C
2 10
2 10
C C

3

1
2

3
2
2

3
8
9

9
3 7
7 26
C C
2 9
4 19
C C
2 10
2 10
C C
Cu Vb:
1. Phng trnh
1
3 3
log (3 1)log (3 3) 6
x x+
= (1)
t
3
log (3 1)
x
t = . Khi (1)
2
( 1) 6 6 0 2, 3 t t t t t t + = + = = = .
Suy ra:
3
3
3 3
log 10 3 1 9
log (3 1) 2
28 1
log 3 1 log (3 1) 3
27 27
x
x
x x
x
x
= =
=

= = =

2. Tnh
SABCD
V .
V S.ABCD l hnh chp u nn H l tm hnh vung ABCD. Gi M l trung
im BC, K l hnh chiud vung gc ca H ln SM. Ta c:
, ( ) ( ) ( ) BC SH BC HM BC mf SHM mf SBC mf SHM
( ) 2 2 HK SM HK mf SBC HK IJ b = =
Trong tam gic SHM vung ti H, HK l ng cao thuc cnh huyn, ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 4 2
4
16
ab
SH
HK SH HM b SH a
a b
= + = + =

Suy ra
3
2 2
1 2
. ( ) .
3 3
16
SABCD
a b
V SH dt ABCD
a b
= =
.

J
H
K
S
C
C B
A
I
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
172
S 29

Cu I :
1. Bn c t gii.
2. Gi M
0
(x
0
; y
0
) e(C)
0
0
0
3
1
x
y
x
+
=
,
0 2
0
4
'( )
( 1)
y x
x
=
.
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti M
0
l :
0 0 2
0
4
( )
( 1)
y x x y
x
= +
(d)
Gi A l giao im ca (d) v tim cn ngang th A(2x
0
- 1; 1),
B l giao im ca (d) v tim cn ng th B(1; y
B
).
M
0
, A, B thng hng v
0
0
2 1 1
2 2
A B
x x x
x
+ +
= = . Suy ra M
0
l trung im AB.
Cu I I :
1. Phng trnh cho 4sin
3
x +4sin
2
x +3sin2x +6cosx =0
4sin
2
x(sinx +1)+6cosx(sinx +1) =0
(sinx +1)(4sin
2
x +6cosx) =0

2
sinx =-1
x=- 2
sinx =-1
1
2
osx =-
2 2 2cos 3 osx - 2 =0
x = 2
osx =2 (VN)
3
k
c
x c
k
c

2. Phng trnh cho:
2
2 7 2 1 8 7 1 x x x x x + = + + + 1 2 7 2 1 ( 1)(7 ) 0 x x x x x + =
1( 1 2) 7 ( 1 2) 0 ( 1 2)( 1 7 ) 0 x x x x x x x = =
1 2 0 1 2 5
4
1 7 0 1 7
x x x
x
x x x x

= = =

=
= =

Cu I I I :
1. Gi d l ng thng i qua O v vung gc mf(ABC). Ta c:
( 1;2;0), ( 1; 2;3) AB AC = =

.
Suy ra mt vc t ch phng ca d l , n AB AC
(
=

=(6; 3; 4).
Khi , phng trnh ca d:
6 3 4
x y z
= = .
2. Gi s phng trnh mf(P): Ax +By +Cz +D =0, A
2
+B
2
+C
2
>0.
(P) i qua O(0; 0; 0) nn D = 0
A thuc (P) nn A +2B =0
Mt khc d(B,(P)) = d(C,(P))
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 3
4 3
B C
B C
A B C A B C
= =
+ + + +
.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
173
Vi 4B = 3C: Chn B = 3, C = 4 khi A = - 6. Suy ra (P): - 6x +3y +4z =0
Vi 4B = - 3C: Chn B = 3, C = - 4 khi A = 6. Suy ra (P): 6x + 3y - 4z =0
Cu I V :
1. Ta c:
I =
2
1
( 2)ln x xdx
}

=
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
2
2
1
1
ln ( 2 ) ( 2 )ln ( 2 ) 2ln2 ( 2)
2 2 2 2
5
ln4 ( 2 ) ln4
4 4
x x x x
xd x x x x dx dx
x
x
x
= =
= = +
} } }

2. H phng trnh cho tng ng:

ln(1 ) ln(1 )
2 ln(1 ) ln(1 )
( 2 )( 10 ) 0 ln(1 ) ln(1 )
10
1 2
ln 0 (
1 ln(1 2 ) ln(1 )
2 1
ln(1 10 ) ln(1 ) 9
10 1
x y x y
x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y
x y
y
y
y y y y
x y
y y y
x y
+ + =

= + + =

= + + =

| | +
=
|
+ + + = \ .

= >
+ + =
= >

1)
2 1 (2)
1 10
ln 9 0 (3)
1
10 1 (4)
x y
y
y
y
x y
= >
| | +
=
|
+
\ .
= >

Gii h (1) v (2): t
2 1 1
( ) ln ,
1 2
y
f y y y
y
+
= >
+

Ta c
2
1 1 1 2 3
'( ) . 1 1 .
2 1 ( 1) (2 1)( 1) 1 2 1
y y y
f y
y y y y y y
+ +
= = =
+ + + + + +
.
rng
1 1 2 3
. 0
2 1 2 1
y
y
y y
+
> >
+ +
, ta c:

Thy ngay h c nghim x = y = 0
y
-
1
2
0 +
f '(y) + -

f(y)

0

- -
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
174
Gii h (3) v (4): t
10 1 1
( ) ln 9 ,
1 10
y
f y y y
y
+
= >
+

Ta c
2
1 9 9 9 10 11
'( ) . 9 9 .
10 1 ( 1) (10 1)( 1) 1 10 1
y y y
f y
y y y y y y
+ +
= = =
+ + + + + +
.
rng
1 9 10 11
. 0
10 1 10 1
y
y
y y
+
> >
+ +
, ta c:

Thy ngay h c nghim x = y = 0
Cch 2. H phng trnh cho tng ng

ln(1 ) ln(1 ) (1)
( 2 )( 10 ) 0 (2)
x x y y
x y x y
+ = +

t
1
( ) ln(1 ) , 1 '( ) 1
1 1
t
f t t t t f t
t t
= + > = =
+ +

rng (2) x =2y hoc x = 10y u cho x v y cng du.
i) x =2y:
Nu - 1 <x =2y <y <0 th f(x) <f(y) khng tho (1) (Trong (-1; 0) khng xy
ra x =2y >y)
Nu 0 < y < x = 2y th f(y) >f(x) khng tho (1) (Trong (0 ; +) khng xy ra
y >x =2y)
Nu x = y = 0 th hin nhin tho h phng trnh cho.
ii) x = 10y: Tng t.
Cu Va :
1. Gi phng trnh elip (E):
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
1,( , , 0; )
x y
a b c a c b
a b
+ = > = .
y
-
1
10
0 +
f '(y) + -

f(y)

0

- -
t - 1 0 +
f '(t) + -

f(t)

0

- -
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
175
Theo gi thit 2 2 a= . Cc nh trn trc Oy:
1 2
(0; ), (0; ) B b B b v cc tiu im
.
T gic F
1
B
1
F
2
b
2
l hnh vung b =c a
2
=b
2
+c
2
=2b
2
8 =2b
2
b =2
Suy ra phng trnh (E):
2 2
1
8 4
x y
+ = .
2. T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 thit lp cc s
1 2 3 4 5
n aa a a a = chn, trong
, ; , 1,5
i j
a a i j i j = = = .
V n <2500 nn { }
1
1,2 a e .
Kh nng 1: a
1
=1.
S cch chn a
5
l 4, s cch chn
2 3 4
a a a l
3
5
C s cc s nh th: 4
3
5
A =240
Kh nng 2: a
1
=2, a
2
chn v b hn 5.
S cch chn a
2
l 2, s cch chn a
5
l 2, s cch chn
3 4
a a l
2
4
A s cc s
nh th: 2.2
2
4
A =48.
Kh nng 3: a
1
=2, a
2
l v b hn 5.
S cch chn a
2
l 2, s cch chn a
5
l 3, s cch chn
3 4
a a l
2
4
A s cc s
nh th: 2.3
2
4
A =72.
Vy s tt c cc s to yu cu bi ton l: 240 +48 +72 =360
Cu Vb :
1. Phng trnh cho tng ng:

2 2
2 2
2 2
2
log (log 1) 2 0
2
log 1
log log 2 0
1
log 2
4
x x
x
x
x x
x x
+ =
=
=

+ =

= =

2. Gi O, O' ln lt l tm ca ABCD, A'B'C'D'; I l giao im ca AK vi
OO'. Suy ra
2 3
CK a
OI = = .
Mt phng ( ) cha AK v song song vi BD nn ( ) i qua I v ct
mf(BDB'D') theo giao tuyn MN//BD. Suy ra BM = DN = OI =
3
a
.
MN//BD, ( 'C'C) ( 'C'C) BD mf AA MN mf AA MN AK .
Mt khc I l trung im ca AK v MN nn thit din AMKN l hnh thoi.
Mf( ) ct hnh lp phng thnh hai khi. Gi V
1
l th tch ca khi
ABCDMNK, V
2
l th tch ca khi AMKNA'B'C'D'.
V
1
=2
ABCKM
V =
3
1 1 2
2. . ( ) 2.
3 3 3 3 2 3
a a a a
ABdt BCMK a
| |
= + =
|
\ .

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
176
V
2
=
' ' ' ' ABCDA B C D
V - V
1
=
3 3
3
2
3 3
a a
a =

D'
O
N
M
K
D
C
B
A
O'
C'
B'
A'
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
198
S 34

Cu I :
1. Kho st (Bn c t lm)
2. Giao im ca tim cn ng vi trc Ox l |
.
|
\
|
0 ,
2
1
A
Phng trnh tip tuyn (A) qua A c dng |
.
|
\
|
+ =
2
1
x k y
(A) tip xc vi (C)
/
x 1 1
k x
2x 1 2
x 1
k co nghiem
2x 1
+ | |
= +
|
+
\ .

+ | |
=
|
+
\ . ( )
=
+
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
+
+
) 2 ( k
1 x 2
3
) 1 (
2
1
x k
1 x 2
1 x
2

Th (2) vo (1) ta c pt honh tip im l
( )
2
1
3 x
x 1 2
2x 1
2x 1
| |
+
|
+
\ .
=
+
+

1
(x 1)(2x 1) 3(x )
2
+ = + v
1
x
2
=
3
x 1
2
=
5
x
2
= .
Do
12
1
k =
Vy phng trnh tip tuyn cn tm l:
1 1
y x
12 2
| |
= +
|
\ .

Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh: 1 x cos
12
x sin 2 2 = |
.
|
\
| t
(1)
(1) 1
12
sin
12
x 2 sin 2 =
(
t
|
.
|
\
| t

1
sin 2x sin
12 12 2
t t | |
=
|
\ .

12
cos
6
sin 2
12
sin
4
sin
12
x 2 sin
t t
=
t
+
t
= |
.
|
\
| t

12
5
sin
12
cos
12
x 2 sin
t
=
t
= |
.
|
\
| t

( )
5 7
2x k2 hay2x k2 k Z
12 12 12 12
t t t t
= + t = + t e
( ) x k hay x k k Z
4 3
t t
= + t = + t e
2. Phng trnh cho ( ) ( ) m 9 4 x 6 4 x 1 4 x 2 4 x = + + + (1)
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
199
( ) ( ) m 3 4 x 1 4 x
2 2
= + m 3 4 x 1 4 x = + (1)
t: 0 4 x t > =
(1) m 3 t 1 t = + (-)
Phng trnh cho c ng 2 nghim (-) c ng 2 nghim t > 0
V th ca hm s ( ) 0 t , 3 t 1 t t f > + =
Ta c ( )
>
s s
s s
=
3 t neu 4 t 2
3 t 1 neu 2
1 t 0 neu t 2 4
t f
y

4

2

0
1 2 3 x

T th, thy ngay yu cu bi ton c tha 2 <m s 4.
Cch khc
m 3 t 1 t = + . t 0 >
{ { {
s < s s >
v v
= = =
0 t 1 1 t 3 t 3
m 4 2t m 2 m 2t 4

{

s < >

s s
< s v v >

=
+

= =

0 t 1 t 3
1 t 3
2 m 4 m 2
m 2
4 m 4 m
t t
2 2

Do : 2 < m s 4
( khi 2 <m s 4 th (-) c ng 2 nghim t
1
, t
2
tha
1
0 t 1 s < v t
2
>3 )
Cu I I I :
1. Tm giao im M ca ng thng d v mt phng (P)
Phng trnh s ca d:
=
+ =
+ =
t 1 z
t 2 y
t 2 3 x
c VTCP ( ) 1 , 1 , 2 a =
Th vo phng trnh (P): (3 +2t) +(2 +t) +(1 t) +2 =0 t =1 M (
1 ;- 3 ; 0)
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
200
Mt phng (Q) cha d v vung gc (P) c PVT | | ( ) 1 , 3 , 2 n , a n P Q = =
Suy ra phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha d v vung gc (P) l:
2(x 1) 3(y +3) +1(z 0) =0 2x 3y +z 11 =0 (Q)
2. Phng trnh ng thng (d') hnh chiu ca d ln mt phng P l:
d':
{
x y z 2 0
2x 3y z 11 0
+ + + =
+ =
c VTCP ( ) d' a 4;1; 5 =

Phng trnh tham s ca d':
x 1 4t
y 3 t
z 5t
= +
= +

Trn d' tm im N sao cho MN = 42
V N e d' N(4t +1; 3 +t; 5t)

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
MN 4t t 5t 42t 42 = + + = =
2
t 1 t 1 = =
- t =1 N
1
(5, 2, 5)
ng thng A
1
qua N
1
nm trong (P), vung gc d' c VTCP
1
P d' a n ,a A
(
=

( ) ( ) 6;9; 3 3 2, 3,1 = = .
Vy phng trnh A
1
:
x 5 y 2 z 5
2 3 1
+ +
= =

- t =1 N
2
(3, 4, 5)
ng thng A
2
qua N
2
nm trong (P), vung gc d' c VTCP
( ) ' d P a , n a
2
= A ( ) 3 2, 3,1 =
Vy phng trnh A
2
:
x 3 y 4 z 5
2 3 1
+ +
= =

Cu I V:
1. Tnh
( )
} }

=
1
0
2
2
1
0
2
dx
4 x
x x
dx
4 x
1 x x
I

( )
2
1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
d x 4
x 4 1 dx
1 dx 1 4
x 4 x 4 2 x 4 x 2
| |
= + = +
|

\ .
} } }

1
1
2
0
0
1 x 2 3
1 ln x 4 ln 1 ln2 ln3
2 x 2 2
(
(
= + = +
(
+

2. T gi thit a, b > 0 v ab +a +b =3. Suy ra:
ab 3 (a b) = + , (a +1)(b +1) =ab +a +b +1 =4
Bt cho tng ng vi:

2 2
3 3a(a 1) 3b(b 1) 3
a b 1
2 (a 1)(b 1) a b
+ + +
+ + > +
+ + +

Q
P
A
N
M
d
d'
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
201
( ) ( ) 1
b a
3
b a
4
3
b a
4
3
2
3
b a
2 2 2 2
+
+ + + + > + +
( ) ( ) ( ) 4
b a
12
b a 3 b a 3 6 b a 4
2 2 2 2
+
+ + + + > + +
( )
2 2
12
a b 3 a b 10
a b
+ + + >
+
0 (A)
t x = a+b >0
2 2
x (a b) 4ab 4(3 x) = + > =

2
x 4x 12 0 x 6 x 2 + > s v > x 2 > ( v x >0)
2 2 2
x a b 2ab = + +
2 2 2 2
a b x 2(3 x) x 2x 6 + = = +
Theo , (A) tr thnh:

2
12
x x 4 0
x
+ > , vi x> 2.

3 2
x x 4x 12 0 + > , vi x> 2.
( )( )
2
x 2 x x 6 0 + + > , vi x > 2 (hin nhin ng)
Vy bt ng thc cho c chng minh.
Cu Va:
1. Vi mi n e N ta c
( ) ( ) ( )
n
n
n 1 n
n
1 n 1 n 1
n
n 0
n
n
C 1 x C 1 ... x C x C 1 x + + + =

Ly o hm hai v ta c
( ) ( ) ( )
1 n
n
1 n 2 n 1
n
1 n 0
n
1 n
C 1 ... x C 1 n x nC 1 x n

+ + =
Cho x =1 ta c
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
0 1 2 1
0 1 ... 2 1 1
n n
n n
n n n n
nC n C C C

= + + +
2. Ta c A(2, 1); B(b, 0); C(0,c) vi b, c > 0
Ta c AABC vung ti A 0 AC . AB =
Ta c ( ) 1 , 2 b AB = ; ( ) 1 c , 2 AC =
Do AABC vung ti A ( ) ( ) 0 1 c 2 b 2 AC . AB = =
( )
2
5
b 0 0 5 b 2 c 2 b 2 1 c s s > + = =
Ta li c ( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
. 2 1 4 1
2 2
ABC
S ABAC b c = = + +

( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 b 2 b 4 4 1 2 b
2
1
S
2 2 2
ABC
+ = + + =

v
2
5
b 0 s s nn SABC =(b 2)
2
+1 ln nht b =0
Khi c = 5. Vy, B(0, 0) v C(0, 5)
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
202

Cu Vb:
1. Phng trnh: ( )
2
2
1 2
2
1 1
log 2x 3x 1 log x 1
2 2
+ + > (1)
( ) ( )
2
1
1 x log
2
1
1 x 3 x 2 log
2
1
2
2
2
2
> + +
( ) ( )
2
1
1 x log
2
1
1 x 3 x 2 log
2
1
2
2
2
2
> + +
( )
( )
2
2
2
x 1 (x 1)
log 1 2
1 (x 1)(2x 1)
2 x 1 x
2

> >
| |

|
\ .
(x 1)
2
(2x 1)
>
3x 1 1 1
0 x
2x 1 3 2
+
> s <

2. Chn h trc Oxyz sao cho A(0; 0; 0); C(-a; 0; 0); B(0; a; 0), A
1
(0; 0; a 2)
Suy ra
a 2
M 0; 0;
2
| |
|
|
\ .
, C
1
(-a; 0; a 2) ,
a a a 2
N - ; ;
2 2 2
| |
|
|
\ .
.
( ) 1
BC a; a; a 2 =
;
a a
MN= - ; ; 0
2 2
| |
|
\ .
;
( ) 1
AA =0; 0; a 2

0 AA . MN BC . MN
1 1
= =
Vy MN l ng vung gc chung ca hai ng thng AA
1
v BC
1

Ta c
1
a 2
MA = 0; 0;
2
| |
|
|
\ .
,
a 2
MB = 0; a; -
2
| |
|
|
\ .
,
1
a 2
MC = -a; 0;
2
| |
|
|
\ .
2
1
a 2
MA , MB = ; 0; 0
2
| |
(
|
|
\ .

| |
2
2 a
MC MB , MA
3
1 1
=
| |
12
2 a
MC MB , MA
6
1
V
3
1 1 BC MA
1 1
= = (vtt).

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
203
S 35

Cu I :
2. Ta c
( )
2
1
y' 0, x 1
x 1
= < =

T th ta thy tip tuyn to vi hai tim cn mt tam gic vung cn ta
phi c h s gc ca tip tuyn l 1 tc l:

( )
( ) 2 x , 0 x 1 1 x 1
1 x
1
2 1
2
2
= = = =

. Ti x
1
=0 y
1
=0 phng trnh tip tuyn l y =x
. Ti x
2
=2 y
2
=2 phng trnh tip tuyn l y =x +4
Cu I I :
1. Gii phng trnh: (1 tgx)(1 +sin2x) =1 +tgx (1)
t: t = tgx
2
t 1
t 2
x 2 sin
+
= . Phng trnh (1) tr thnh:

( )
2
2t
1 t 1 1 t
1 t
| |
+ = +
|
+
\ .
( )( )
2
2
1 t t 1 (t 1)(1 t ) + = + +

( )( )
2
t 1 0
1 t t 1 (1 t )
+ =

+ = +
t 1 t 0 = v = .
Do (1) tgx =0 hoc tgx = 1
x =kt hoc x =
4
t
+kt, ke
Cch khc
(1) (cosx sinx)(cosx +sinx)
2
=cosx +sinx
(hin nhin cosx =0 khng l nghim)
cosx +sinx =0 hay (cosx sinx)(cosx +sinx) =1
tgx =-1 hoc cos2x = 1 x =
4
t
+kt hoc x =kt, ke
2. Tm m h sau c nghim duy nht
(I)
=
=
= +
=
x 1 xy
0 m y x 2
1 xy x
0 m y x 2
Vi iu kin: 0 xy> , ta c:
(I) ( )
( )
2
2
y 2x m
y 2x m
1 x
xy 1 x y
x
x 1
x 1
=
=

= =

s
s

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
204
( )
( )
2
2
1 x
2x m x 2 m x 1 0
x
= + = (-)
Hin nhin x =0 khng l nghim ca (-)
2
2
(*) mx x 2x 1
x 2x 1
m (**)
x
= +
+
=

Yu cu bi ton tm m phng trnh (**) c ng 1 nghim tha x s 1.
t:
2
x 2x 1
f(x) ,x 0.
x
+
= = Ta c
2
2
x 1
f '(x) 0, x 0.
x
+
= > =
Bng bin thin:
x - 0 +
f '(x) + +

f(x)
+ 2

- -
Thy ngay yu cu bi ton c tha khi ch khi m > 2.
Cu I I I :
1. d
1
i qua A(1; 3; 0) c mt vc t ch phng ( ) a = 2; -3; 2

mf(P) c mt vc t php tuyn
P
n =(1; - 2; 2)

mf(Q) cha d
1
v (P) nn mf(Q) i qua A v mf(Q) c mt vc t php tuyn
( )
Q P
n = a,n = - 2; - 2; - 1
(

. Suy ra phng trnh (Q):
2(x 1) 2(y 3) 1(z 0) =0 2x +2y +z 8 =0
2. Phng trnh tham s d
1
:
x 1 2t
y 3 3t
z 2t
= +

v Phng trnh tham s d
2
:
x 5 6t'
y 4t'
z 5 5t'
= +

( )
1
M d M 1+2t; 3 - 3t; 2t e
( )
2
N d N 5 6t',4t', 5 5t' e +
( ) MN = 6t' - 2t +4; 4t' +3t - 3; - 5t' - 2t - 5

Mt phng (P) c mt vc t php tuyn
P
n =(1; - 2; 2)

MN // (P) . 0
P
MNn =

( ) ( ) ( ) 1 6t' 2t 4 2 4t' 3t 3 2 5t' 2t 5 0 t t' + + + = =
Mt khc d(MN, (P)) = d(M, P) v MN // (P), suy ra:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
205

( ) ( )
2
4 4 1
1 t 2 2 t 3 3 2 t 2 1
=
+ +
+ +

6 12t 6 t 1
6 12t 6
6 12t 6 t 0
+ = =
+ =
+ = =

+ t =1 t' =1 M
1
(3; 0; 2) N
1
(1; 4; 0)
+ t =0 t' =0 M
2
(1; 3; 0) N
2
(5; 0; 5)
Cu I V:
1. Tnh
2
2
0
I = x cosxdx
}

t: u = x
2
du =2xdx ; dv =cosxdx v =sinx
Vy I =
t t
t
=
} }
2 2
2 2
2
0
0 0
x cosxdx x sinx 2 xsinxdx
Ta c
t
t
=
2
2
2
0
x sinx
4

I
1
=
2
0
xsinxdx
t
}
; t u = x du =dx
dv =sinxdx v = cosx
I
1
=
t t
t
= +
} }
2 2
2
0
0 0
xsinxdx xcosx cosxdx=| |
2
0
xcosx sinx 1
t
+ =
Vy : I =
2 2
2
0
x cosxdx 2
4
t
t
=
}

Ch : Nu bn thnh tho tch phn tng phn th vit theo cng thc:
2
2
0
I = x cosxdx
}
=
2
2
0
x d(sinx)
}
=
2 2 2
2
2
0
0 0
( sinx) 2 sin 2 ( osx)
4
x x xdx xd c

= +
} }

2. Gii phng trnh
= +
x
x
2
2 1
log 1 x 2 (1)
x

iu kin
x x 0
2 1 0 2 1 2
x 0
x 0 x 0

> > =
>

= =

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
206
(1)
= +
x
x
2
2 1
log 1 2 x
x
v x >0 = +
x x
2 2
log (2 1) log x 1 2 x v x >0
(2
x
1) +log
2
(2
x
1) =x +log
2
x (2)
Xt hm s f(t) = t + log
2
t , t (0; ) e + ,
1
'( ) 1 0, 0
ln2
f t t
t
= + > > .
Suy ra f(t) ng bin trn (0; + ) .
Vi x > 0, ta c 2
x
- 1 >0, ta c:
(2) f(2
x
1) =f(x) 2
x
1 =x 2
x
x - 1 =0 (3)
Xt hm g(x) =2
x
x 1, x (0; ) e + ta c:
g'(x) =2
x
ln2 1, g'(x) =0 = = >
x
2
1
2 log e 1
ln2

2 2
x log (log e) 0 = >
Mt khc
2
''( ) 2 ln 2 0
x
g x = > , x (0; ) e + nn g'(x) ng bin trn
/
2 2
g (x) 0, x log (log e) < < v
/
2 2
g (x) 0, x log (log e) > >
g(x) nghch bin trn ( |
2 2
;log (log e) v ng bin trn | )
2 2
log (log e);+
g(x) 0 = c khng qu mt nghim trn ( |
2 2
;log (log e) , v c khng qu mt
nghim trn | )
2 2
log (log e);+ .
Thy ngay x = 0 v x =1 tho (3).
Nhng x > 0 nn (1) x =1.
Cu Va:
1. Gi n =
1 2 3 4
aa a a l s cn tm. V n chn a
4
chn.
* TH1 : a
4
=0 Ta c 1 cch chn a
4

6 cch chn a
1

5 cch chn a
2

4 cch chn a
3

Vy ta c 1.6.5.4 = 120 s n
* TH2: a
4
= 0. Ta c 3 cch chn a
4
;

5 cch chn a
1
; 5 cch chn a
2
; 4 cch
chn a
4
.
Vy ta c 3.5.5.4 = 300 s n .
Tng cng hai trng hp ta c : 120 + 300 = 420 s n
2. Ta giao im P ca d
1
, d
2
l nghim ca h phng trnh

(m 1)x (m 2)y m 2
(2 m)x (m 1)y 3m 5
+ =
+ = +

Ta c
2
2
m 1 m 2
3 1
D 2m 6m 5 2 m 0 m
2 m m 1 2 2

| |
= = + = + >
|

\ .

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
207
V
2
3 1
D 2 m 0 m
2 2
| |
= + >
|
\ .
nn d
1
, d
2
lun lun ct nhau.
Ta d thy A(0,1) e d
1
; B(2,1) e d
2
v d
1
d
2

A APB vung ti P P nm trn ng trn ng knh AB.
Ta c (PA +PB)
2
s 2(PA
2
+PB
2
) =2AB
2
=2
2
(2 2) 16 =
PA +PB s 4. Du "=" xy ra PA =PB P l trung im ca cung
AB
Vy max (PA + PB) = 4 khi P l trung im ca cung
AB
P nm trn ng thng y = x 1 qua trung im I (1; 0) ca AB
v IP = 2 P (2; 1 ) hay P (0; - 1)
Vy, m = 1 hoc m = 2.
Cu Vb:
1. Gii phng trnh : 2
3x+1
7.2
2x
+7.2
x
2 =0 2.2
3x
7.2
2x
+7.2
x
2 =0
t t = 2
x
>0 th (1) thnh
2t
3
7t
2
+7t 2 =0 (t 1)(2t
2
5t +2) =0 t =1 hay t =2 hay t =
1
2

Do pt cho tng ng:
= = =
x x x
1
2 1 hay 2 2 hay 2
2
x =0 hay x =1 hay x =1
2. Chn h trc Oxyz sao cho A(0 ; 0; 0); A
1
(0; 0; a); C (- a ; 0 ; 0 )
B
| |
|
|
\ .
a a 3
, ,0
2 2
; B
1
| |
|
|
\ .
a a 3
; ; a
2 2
;
| |
|
\ .
a
M 0; 0;
2

| | | |
= =
| |
| |
\ . \ .

1
a a 3 a a a 3
BM ; ; ; CB ; ;a
2 2 2 2 2

= + =

2 2 2
1
a 3a a
BM.CB 0
4 4 2
BM B
1
C
Ta c
1
B.B (0,0,a) =

= =

1 1
1
1
[BM.B C].BB
a 30
d(BM, B C)
10
[BM.B C]

Cch 2.
Gi N l trung im AB, I l giao im ca
MB v NB
1
, J l giao im ca BC
1
v CB
1
.
rng hai y l hai tam gic u bng
nhau cn cc mt bn l cc hnh vung bng
nhau.
Ta c
1
MB NB CN AB CN MB
Suy ra
1 1
( ) MB mf BCN MB BC .
C
1

C
B
A
M
B
1

A
1

J
I
N
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
235
S 40

Cu I .
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
3 1
1
x
y
x
+
=
+
(1)
1
0
Tp xc nh: \{-1}
2
0
S bin thin :
* Gii hn:
lim 3
x
y
+
= ; lim 3
x
y
= ng thng y = 3 l tim cn ngang ca th hm s.

1
lim
x
y
+
=
;
1
lim
x
y
= + ng thng x = - 1 l tim cn ng ca th hm
s.
* Chiu bin thin:
2
2
' 0, 1
( 1)
y x
x
= > =
+

Bng bin thin
x - -1 +
y + +
y + +

-
Hm s ng bin trn mi khong ( ; 1) v (-1;+).
3
0
th
Giao Oy: (0; 1)
Giao Ox: (
1
3
; 0)
f(x)=(3x+1)/(x+1)
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
x
y

2. Phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1) ti M(-2; 5) l:
y =2(x +2) +5 hay y =2x +9.
ng thng trn giao Ox ti A(
9
2
; 0).
ng thng trn giao Oy ti B(0; 9).
Din tch tam gic cn tm l
OAB
S
A
:
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
236
OAB
S
A
=
1
2
OA.OB =
1
2
.
9
2
.9 =
81
4
.
Cu I I .
1.
4 4
4(sin os ) os4x +sin2x =0 x c x c + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
4(sin os ) 8sin cos 1 2sin 2 +sin2x =0 x c x x x x + +
2
4sin 2 +sin2x +5 =0 x
sin2 1
5
sin2
4
[
x
x
=
=
(loi)
2 2
2
x k
= +
4
x k
= +
2.
2 2
( 1)( 3) 2 3 2 ( 1) x x x x x + + + < (1)
iu kin: -1<x <3.
(1)
2 2 2
( 2 3) 2 3 2 1 x x x x x x + + < + +
t
2
2 3 x x + + =t t>0.
(1) tr thnh:

3
2
2 t t <
3
2
2 0 t t + >
2
( 1)( 2 2) 0 t t t + + >
1 t >
1 t > :
2
2 3 1 x x + + >
2
2 2 x x <0 1 3 1 3 x < < + .
Cu I I I .
1. Gi M( ; ; )
o o o
x y z l giao im ca d vi ( )
khi
0 0 0
( , , ) x y z phi tha:
0 0 0
0 0 0
2 2 1 0(1)
1 1
( 2)
1 2 2
x y z
x y z
+ + =

= =

t
0 0 0
1 1
1 2 2
x y z
t

= = =
0
0
0
1
2 1
2
x t
y t
z t
= +
= +

Thay vo (1) ta c:
2(t +1) (2t +1) +2.(-2t) +1 =0
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
237
- 4t +2 =0 t =
1
2
M(
3
2
; 2; - 1).
* Ta c :
(1;2; 2) a=
l vect ch phng ca d.
(2; 1;2) n=
l vect php tuyn ca( ) .

l gc gia d v ( )
sin =
.
.
an
a n

=
4
9
.
2. Gi I( , ,
I I I
x y z ) l tm mt cu.
Phng trnh mt cu (C)
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 0
0
I I I
I I I
x y z x x y y z z d
x y z d
+ + + =
+ + >

Do (C) tip xc vi ( ) v Oxy nn:
d(I,( ) ) =d(I,(Oxy)) =R.
2 2 2
2 2 1
1
2 1 2
I I I I
x y z z
R
+ +
= =
+ +
2 2 1
I I I
x y z + + =3
I
z (*)
Mt khc: I ed nn:

1
2 1
2
I
I
I
x t
y t
z t
= +
= +

Thay vo (*) 4 2 3 2 t t + =
2 2
(4 2) 9(2) t t =
2
20 16 4 0 t t + =

1
t = , t =1
5

TH1: t =-1:
I(0; - 1; 2), R =2.
phng trnh mt cu:
2 2 2
( 1) ( 2) 4 x y z + + + =
TH2: t =
1
5

I(
6 7 2
; ;
5 5 5
), R =
2
5
.
phng trnh mt cu:
2 2
6 7 2 4
5 5 5 25
x y z
| | | | | |
+ + + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

Cu I V.
1.
1 1 1
2 2
2 2
0 0 0
4 4
x x
x x
I xe xe dx dx
x x
| |
= =
|

\ .
} } }

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
238
I
1 1 1
2 2 2 1 2
1 0
0 0 0
1 1 1
( )
2 2 2
x x x x
xe dx xd e xe e dx = = =
} } }

=
( )
2 2 1 2 2 2
0
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
2 4 2 4 4 4
x
e e e e e = + = +
I
1 1 1 2
2
2 2 2
0 0 0
1 2 1 (4 )
2 2
4 4 4
xdx xdx d x
x x x
= =

} } }
=
2 1
0
4 2 3 x =
( )
2
1 2
1
1 3 2
4
I I I e = + = + +
2. Chng minh: cos cos 1 os(xy) x y c + s + .
Ta c cosx +cosy =2cos
x-y
os
2 2
x y
c
+
; cos
x+y
1; os 0
2 2
x y
c
s > (v 0 ,
3
x y

s s )
x+y
osx+cosy 2cos
2
c s (1)
Ta c
x+y
; 0; os os
2 3 2
x y
xy xy c c xy
+ (
> e s
(

(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra, osx+cosy 2cos c xy s

Suy ra, ch cn chng minh 2cos 1 os(xy) xy c s + (3)
t t = 0;
3
xy t
(
e
(

(1)
2 2
2 ost 1+cost ost 2 ost+1 0 c c c s >
f(t) =cost
2
2 ost+1 c ; f(t) =
2 2
2 sin 2sin 2( sin sin ); t t t t t t + = 0;
3
t
(
e
(

ta thy t = 1 l nghim ca f(t) = 0
t >1 :
2 2
sin sin t t t t > > (v t
2
0; , 0;
2 3
t
| | | |
e e
| |
\ . \ .
2
sin sin '( ) 0 t t t f t > <
t <1 :t
2 2 2 2
sin sin sin sin sin t t t t t t t < < < < f'(t)>0 t=1 l nghim duy nht
t
0 1
3

f(t) + -
f(t)
0
2
os
9
c

( ) 0 f t > (pcm) du = xy ra 0 x y = =

PHN RING:
Cu V.a.
1. Ta c:
0 1
(1 ) ...
n n n
n n n
x C C x C x + = + + +

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
239
Ly o hm 2 v. ta c:
1 1 1
(1 ) ...
n n n
n n
n x C nC x

+ = + +
Chn x=2, ta c
1 1 2 1
.3 2 .2 ... .2
n n n
n n n
n C C nC

= + + +
1 1 2 2
2 .3 2 2 ... .2
n n n
n n n
n C C n C
= + + +
1 1 2 2
2 .3 2 2 ... .2
n n n n n
n n n
n C C n C

= + + +
(pcm).
Cch khc.
Xt khai trin:
0 1 1 1
(2 1) (2 ) (2 ) ... (2 )
n n n n n
n n n n
x C x C x C x C

+ = + + + + .
o hm hai v:
1 0 1 1 1 2 1
2 (2 1) 2 ( 1)2 ... 2
n n n n n n n
n n n n
n x n C x n C x C C

+ = + + + +
Cho x = 1, ta c pcm.
2. ng trn (C) tm I(4; 0), bn knh R =2.
Gi M(0; a).
V A, B l tip im ABIM IM
l vecto php tuyn ca ng thng AB

IM
=(- 4; a) v AB i qua E(4; 1)

phng trnh ng thng AB: - 4(x - 4) +a(y - 1) =0 hay - 4x +ay +16 - a =0
V OAM A vung ti A, ABIM d(O,AB)=
2
OA
OM
=
2
4
16 a +

Mt khc d(O, AB)=
2
4.4 16
16
a
a
+
+
=
2
16
a
a +

a =4a = 4 .
Th li, a = 4 tha mn, a =- 4 khng tha mn,
Vy a = 4.
Cu V.b.
1.
2 2
2 4 2 2 1
2 16.2 2 0
x x x x
s
2 2
2 1 ( 2 1) 2
4 16.2 2 0
x x x x
s
2
2
2 1
2 1
4
4 2 0
2
x x
x x

s

t
2
2 1
2
x x
=t. t >0. Ta c bt phng trnh:
2
4
2 0 t
t
s

3
2 4 0 t t s
2 t s .
2
2 1
2
x x
s 2
2
2 2 0 x x s
1 3 1 3 x s s +
2. Gi K MN CD = . Khi , Q PK AD = . Gi F l trung im BC v G l im
trn AC sao cho DG//PQ. Thy ngay, FD//MN.
D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008
240
Ta c:
2 2 2 5 3
1 1 1 1 1
3 3 5
AG PG PG KD MF AQ AP
AP AP PC KC MC AD AG
= + = + = + = + = + = = = .
Gi V l th tch t din ABCD, V
1
l th tch khi a din ABMNQP, V
2
l th tch
khi a din CDMNPQ. Khi V
2
=V - V
1
.
Ta c V
1
=V
ABMN
+V
AMPN
+V
APQN
.
Do
1 1 1 3 1
, , , .
4 2 8 8 2
BMN MNC DNC
BCD BCD BCD
S S S BM BN
BC BD S S S
= = = = =
Suy ra:

1 1 1 1 3 1
, , . .
8 3 8 3 5 10
ABMN AMNP AMNC APQN ADNC
V V V V V V V V = = = = =
Nh th,
1
7
.
20
V V = Suy ra,
1
2
7
13
V
V
= .
Cch 2. Gi K MN CD = .
p dng nh l Menelauyt cho tam gic BCD A :
. . 1
MB KC ND
MC KD NB
=
1 1
. . 1
3 1
KC
KD
= 3
KC
KD
=
3
2
KC
DC
=
PK AD Q = . p dng nh l Menelauyt cho tam gic ACD A :
. . 1
KC QD PA
KD QA PC
=
1
3. . 1
2
QD
QA
=
2
3
QD
QA
=
3
5
AQ
AD
= .
Ta c:
PQDCMN KCPM KQDN
V V V = .
KCPM
V =
1
( ,( )).
3
MPC
d K ABC S

=
1 3 2 3 3 1 3
. ( ,( )). . . ( ,( )).
3 2 3 4 4 3 4
ABC ABC ABCD
d D ABC S d D ABC S V = =

1 1 1 2 1 1
. ( ,( )). . . ( ,( )). . .
3 3 2 5 2 10
KQDN DQN ABD ABCD
V d K ABD S d C ABD S V = = =
13
20
PQDCMN ABCD
V V =
7
20
ABMNQP ABCD
V V =
7
13
ABMNQP
DCMNQP
V
V
=

N
P
Q
K
D
C
M
B
A
N
P
Q
K
D
C
M
B
A
F
G

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Trn Xun Bang - Trng THPT Chuyn Qung Bnh

D b thi i Hc 2002 - 2008

] =(3; 1; - 7). Suy ra, phng trnh ca (P):

= (u;v;t). Suy ra:

chon ( ) 0,1, 1 lavc t ch phng cua SC.

hay (1;0; -2) lam vc t php

=(1;0;2) lavc t ch phng ca (

l vc t php tuyn ca mf(ABC')

ca mt phng ( ) v KO =d(K, ( )) (1)

AB ( 2;4; 16) cng phng vi =

A'B ( 6;6; 18) (cng phng vi (1;-1;3) )

. T suy ra phng trnh A.

> < v >

=(4;7;-7) l cp ch phng ca mt phng (Q).

. ng thng (d) qua A v (P) c phng

=(2; -8; -16) =2(1; -4; -8). BA' c phng trnh:

< < <

< < < <

x, y la nghiem cua phng trnh:

x, y langhiem cua phng trnh:

AC 1; 1;2 , phng trnh tham socua AC la

=(- 1; 2; 1), nn c mt vc t php

=(1; 1; - 1), nn c mt vc t php

=(1; 1; - 1), nn c phng trnh:

. Suy ra mt vc t php tuyn

, ' (2; 3;1)

= v y = 0 l A(0, 0); B(1, 0). Khi

> < <

khng cng phng nn (

hm s ( ) f x ng bin trn [1; ) +

lm vec t ch phng nn c phng

=(2;1). Suy ra ng thng AC

=(1;3). Suy ra ng thng AB c phng trnh

(-2; -2; 2) =-2 (1;1;-1). Mt phng (P) d qua I v vung gc vi

l 1 vc t php tuyn ca (ABC).

c vc t ch phng (1; 1;2)

thay vo phng trnh (P):

= ng thng y = 3 l tim cn ngang ca th hm s.

l vect php tuyn ca( ) .

l vecto php tuyn ca ng thng AB

=(- 4; a) v AB i qua E(4; 1)

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