NNG DUNG DCH * nh ngha: -Dung dch l hn hp ng nht gm dung mi v cc cht tan.

. - Nng dung dch l lng cht tan trong mt lng nht nh ca dung dch, hay lng cht tan trong mt th tch nht nh ca dung dch. Ch : Cn phn bit nng dung dch v tan. tan ca 1 cht A 1 nhit nht nh l s gam cht A trong 100 gam dung mi, nhit khi dung dch bo ho. * Hai loi nng hay dng: a/ Nng % (C%) Nng % l s gam cht tan cha trong 100 (g) dung dch Cng thc: C% =
mt .100% mdd

Vi dung dch cha cc cht tan A, B, C, D th mdd = mH2O + mA + mB + mC C% = m + m + m + m + m H 2O A B C D (A) Vi dung dch ch cha 1 cht tan l A C% = m + m .100% H 2O A (A) C 2 trng hp c bit. 1/ Khi mA = 0 C% = 0% Nh vy H2O l dung dch 0% ca nhiu cht, cn khi ta thm dung dch 1 cht B vo dung dch 1 cht A nng a% th nng ca cht A trong dung dch ca B l 0%. V d: thm dungdch HNO3 20% vo dung dch H2SO4 40%, th dung dch HNO320% c coi l dung dch H2O 0% 2/ Khi mH2O=0 C%=100% Tt c cc cht khi cha ho tan c coi l dung dch 100% b/ Nng mol/l (CM) l s mol cht tan cha Cng thc: CM =
n trong 1 lt dung dch v mA m A .100%

n l s mol cht tan, v l s lt dung dch c/ Quan h gia C% v CM C% =

C %.10 D C M .M CM = M 10 D

Trong M l s ch phn t khi ca cht tan, D l khi lng ring ca dung dch. n v ca D l g/mm, kg/lt (g/cm3; kg/dm3).
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Bi tp v nng dung dch 1/ Tnh mKNO3 khi cho vo 800g nc th thu c dung dch KNO3 20%? 2/ Tnh M ca FeSO4. 7H2O khi cho vo 372,2 (g) nc thu c dung dch 3,8%. 3/ Tnh khi lng nc khi cho vo 188 (g ) K 2O th thu c dung dch 5,6%? 4/ Tnh khi lng dung dch KOH 7,93% khi thm vo 47 (g) K 2O th thu c dung dch 21%. 5/ Tnh C% ca dung dch thu c khi cho 34,5 (g) Na vo 1 lt nc? 6/ Tnh lng H2O khi cho vo 19,5 (g) K th thu c dung dch 10%? 7/ Tnh lng ng (cu) khi cho tc dng vi 500ml dung dch H2SO4 91,1% (d=1,83g/ml) Th thu c dung dch trong nng % ca H2SO4 l 91,6% vi 2 cch: - Gii bnh thng - B qua lng H2O v lng CuSO4 to ra 8/ Cho 6,5 (g) ZN vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 40% ( D=1,31g/ml). Tnh C% ca H2SO4 trong dung dch thu c. 9/ Ly 500 ml dung dch HNO3 32% ( D=1,2g/ml), thm vo 1 lt nc th thu c dung dch A. Tnh C% v Cm cng dung dch A? 10/ Ly 500 ml dung dch NaOH 2M, thm 4 dm3 dd NaOH 10% (D=1,115g/ml). Tnh CM ca dung dch thu c? Quy tc hn hp - s ng cho

Quy tc hn hp: Trn hai dung dch cng 1 cht tan l A. Dung dch th nht c khi lng l m,1 nng C1 %. Dung dch th 2 c khi lng l m2 nng C2%. Gi thit l C2 .>c1 Th thu c dung dch mi Khi lng l (m1+m2) g dung dch Khi lng cht tan trong dung dch mi l mA= (m1 c1 + m2 c2 ) g, A Nng dung dch mi l C C1 < C< C2
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m1c1 + m2 c 2 m1c1 + m2 c 2 = m1c + m2 c m1 + m2 m1 c 2 c m1 (c c1) = m2 (c2 c) m = c c 2 2

Ta c: C =

1 2 Tng t nh vy vi th tch dung dch, nng mol/lt ta c: v = c c 2 2 Tip bi tp v nng dung dch

c c

11/ Trn 200ml dung dch HCl 8M vi 300 ml dung dch HCl 2M to ra dung dch mi Tnh CM ca HCL trong dung dch mi? ( 2 cch) 12/ Tnh lng dung dch Fe (NO3)3? V lng H2O? khi trn vo nhau thu c 500 (g) dung dch 20% ? ( 2 cch) 13/ Tnh lng KOH khi cho vo 1200 (g) dung dch KOH 12% th thu c dung dch KOH 20%? (2 cch) 14/ Tnh t l gia lng H2O v khi lng dung dch H22O4 50% khi trn vo nhau thu c dung dch H2SO4 20%. 15/ Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 48% (D=1,184 g/ml) v th tch H2O khi trn vo nhau thu c 100 lt dung dch H2SO4 26% (D=1,19 g/ml). 16/ Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 38% (D=1,194 g/ml) v th tch dung dch HCl 8% ( D= 1,039 g/ml) khi trn vo nhau thu c 4 lt dung dch HCl 20% (D=1,1 g/ml). 17/ Tnh lng FeSO4.7H2O v lng dung dch FeSO4 10% khi trn vi nhau, thu c 200 (g) dung dch FeSO4 16%? 18/ c Dung dch HCl 20,01 % (D=1,1 g/ml) a/ Tnh lng NOH cn dung trung ho -500 (g) dung dch HCl ? -500 ml dung dch HCl ? b/ Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M cn dung trung ho 500 ml dung dch HCl ? 19/ Pha long 120 (g) dung dch AlCl3 20% bng 40(g) H2O . Tnh C% ca AlCl3 trong dung dch thu c ? 20/ Cn lm bay hi 195 (g) dung dch NaOH 15% n khi lng no, thu c dung dch NaOH 50%? 21/ Cn pha long 100 ml dung dch KNO3 2M n th tch bng bao nhiu thu c dung dch KNO3 0,1 M? 22/ a/ Tnh CM ca dung dch H2SO4 70% (d=1,615) b/ Tnh C% ca dung dch NaOH 0,3M (d=1,31) 23/ Mt lng dung dch HCl 14,6% c trung ho va bng mt lng dung dch NaOH 40%. Tnh C%ca dung dch mui thu c? 24/ Trong mt bnh th tch tu , np y HCl KTC. Cho t t nc n y bnh. Tnh CM ca HCl trong dung dch thu c? C tnh c C% khng, v sao?
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25. a/ Ly 500 ml dung dch HCl C% (d=1,1). Thm 2,5 lt H2O thu c dung dch HCl 4%. Tnh C? b/ Ly V lt HCl (KTC) ho tan trong nc c 3l dung dch HCl C%. Tnh V=? c/ Ly 20 ml dung dch KOH cho tc dng vi 20 ml dung dch HCl C%. trung ho dung dch thu c cn dng 20 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,83 M. Tnh s (g) KOH trong 1 ml dung dch KOH? 26/ Tnh CM ca dung dch thu c khi: a/ Ly 300 (g) dung dch HCl 10%, thm nc vo thu c 500 (g) dung dch? b/ t chy ht 2,8 lt C2H4 (KTC). Lng CO2 to ra cho tc dng ht vi 157,5 ml dung dch NaOH 6% D=1,9 c/ Trn cc dung dch H3PO4: 6%; (d=1,03); 4% (d=1,02); 2% ( d= 1,01) theo t l th tch tng ng l 1:3:2 Tnh CM ca H3PO4 trong dung dch thu c? 27a/ Tnh lng H2O khi ho tan vo 160 lt HCl ( 00c, 0,7 at), thu oc dung dch HCl 36,5% (d=1,18) b/ Tnh s ml dung dch HCl 36,5% khi thm H2O thu c 1 lt dung dch HCl 0,1 M. c/ Tnh s ml H2O cn khi pha vo 200 ml dung dch HCl 36,5% to ra dung dch 10% (d=1,05). d/ Th tch dung dch HCl 36,5% l bao nhiu v th tch dung dch HCl 10%l bao nhiu, khi trn vo nhau th thu c 2 lt dung dch HCl 20% (d=1,1). e/ Tnh lng Zn tc dng va ht vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 10%. g/ Cho 4,5 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,2 M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 20% (d=1,1,). Hi dung dch no dng d, lng kt ta to ra? 28/ c 2 dung dch: dung dch H2SO4 v dung dch NaOH. tc dng ht 20 ml dung dch H2SO cn dung 60 ml dung dch NaOH. mt khc tc dng ht 20 ml dung dch H2SO4 cn dung 2,5 (g) CaCO3 v 10 ml dung dch NaOH cho. Tnh CM ca cc dung dch dng? 29/ Cho 112 ml CO2 (ktc) i qua mt ng cha 12 (g) C nng . Cho kh thu c qua ng B cha 7,81 (g) PbC nng Tnh s ml dung dch HNO3 71% (D=1,43) cn dng ho tan ht cht rn cn trong B? 30/ t chy ht 6,72 lt CH4 (ktc). Kh to ra cho i ht vo 50 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 3M (d=1,24) Hi: a/ Mui to ra? b/ C% ca mui trong dung dch thu c? 31/ Cho 17,42 lt CO2 (ktc) tc dng ht vi 2 lt dungdch NaOH 0,6 M. Tnh CM ca cc mui trong dung dch thu c? 32/ trung ho 200 ml dung dch cha 1,25 (g) hn hp Ba (OH)2, KOH, phi dng 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,08 M. Tnh CM ca cc Hiroxit trong dung dch ly?
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33/ Cho 69,8 (g)MNO2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d Kh bay ra cho i htvo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 4M Tnh CM ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c? 34/ Rt 40 ml dung dch Na2CO3 2 M vo 50 (g) dung dch BaBr2 Tch kt ta ra, cho dung dch HCl 20% vo nc lc cho n khi khng cn kh bay ra, phi dng ht 14,6 (g) dung dch HCl. Tnh C% ca dung dch BaBr dng ? 35/ Trn 63,3 (g) dung dch MgCl2 15% vi 250 (g) dung dch Na2CO3 8,48% lc b kt ta, thm dung dch H2SO4 0,5 M vo nc lc cho n khi khng cn kh bay ra. Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 cn thm? 36/ Dung dch A cha 8 (g) Fe(SO4)3 v 13,68 (g) Al2(SO4)3; cho 16,8 (g) NaOH vo dung dch A. Lc ly kt ta em nung m khi lng khng i; cn nc lc c pha long n 500 ml (dung dch D) Xc nh thnh phn ca khi lng ca cht rn B thu c sau khi nung v CM ca cc mui trong dung dch D? 37/ Cho 100 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 1M tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 2M. Tnh s ml dung dch NaOH cn ly thu c lng kt ta ln nht trong phn ng? 38/ cho 34,2 (g) Al2(SO4)3 vo 250 ml dung dch NaOH, lng kt ta thu c l 7,8 (g). Tnh CM ca dung dch NaOH dng? 39/ Mt dung dch A cha AlCl3, FeCl3. -Ly 100 ml dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, kt ta thu c em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 2 (g) cht rn. -Ly 500 ml dung dch A, tc dng va ht vi 40 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M. Tnh CM ca cc cht trong dung dch A? 40/ C 110 (g) dung dch cha 30%AlCl3 v 12,2% FeCl2 Tnh s ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d=1,2) cn tch hon ton hp cht ca Fe ra khi hp cht ca nhm? 41/ xi ho ht 8 lt SO4 (ktc) thnh SO3 Ho tan ht lng SO3 to ra vo 57,2 ml dung dch H2SO4 60% (D= 1,) thu c dung dch A. a/ Tnh C% ca H2SO4 trong dung dch A? b/ Tnh lng Fe2O3 c th tan trong 12 (g) dung dch A? 42/ Dung dch A cha cc axt HNO3, H2SO4, HCl. -C 10 ml dung dch A trung ho, cn 8 ml dung dch NaOH 40g/l -Cho dung dch HCl tc dng vi mui to ra, em cho NO2 bay ht, c 0,493 (g) cht rn Tnh CM ca cc axit trong A? 43/ Cho 125 (g) dung dch Na2CO3 8,5% vo 31,615 (g) dung dch MgCl2 15%, lc ly kt ta. Tnh s ml dung dch H2SO4 0,25% cn dung ho tan ht lng kt ta ?
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44/ Ho tan 2,8 (g)CaO vo 500 ml H2O c dung dch A. t chy ht 1,68 lt CH4 (ktc) v dn kh to ra i ht vo dung dch A, c hn hp B. a/ Tnh CM ca dung dch A? b/ Tnh lng kt ta trong hn hp B? c/ Lc b kt ta trong hn hp B, nc lc em un nng. Tnh lng kt ta thm? 45/ Tnh C% ca H2SO3 trong dung dch nhn c kh ho tan 16,8 lt SO2 (KTC) vo 2,5 lt nc ? 46/ KTC: a/ 1 th tch nc ho tan c 500 th tch HCl. b/ 1 th tch nc ho tan c 800 th tch NH3. Tnh C% ca cc dung dch thu c? 47/ Ly hn hp gm 6,9 (g) Na v 9,3 (g) Na 2O ho tan vo nc thu c dung dch 8%. Tnh s (g) dung dch NaOH 80% cn cho vo c dung dch NaOH 15% 48/ C cc dung dch: Dung dch H2SO4 85% v dung dch HNO3.. -Tnh t l khi lng ca 2 dung dch cn ly khi trn vi nhau to ra dung dch hn hp trong nng % ca H2SO4 l 60%, nng ca HNO3 l 20%? -Tnh a? (3 cch) 49/ C 2 dung dch NaOH , 1 dung dch H2SO4 -Trn 2 dung dch NaOH vi th tch bng nhau c dung dch A. trung ho 1 th tch ca dung dch A cn 1 th tch dung dch H2SO4. -Trn 2 dung dch NaOH theo t l th tch 2:1 c dung dch B trung ho 30 ml dung dch B cn 32,5 ml dung dch H2SO4. -Hi phi trn 2 dung dch NaOH theo t l th tch l bao nhiu thu c dung dch C, m trung ho 70 ml dung dch C, phi dng ht 67,5 ml dung dch H2SO4. 50/ A l dung dch NaOH ; B l dung dch H2SO4 -Trn 0,3 lt dung dch A vo 0,2 lt dung dch B c 0,5 lt dung dch C, dung dch C i mu qu tm xanh. trung ho 20 ml dung dch C Cn dng 40 ml dung dch HCL 0,05 M -Trn 0,2 lt dung dch A vo 0,3 lt dung dch B c 0,5 lt dung dch D, dung dch C i mu qu tm . trung ho 20 ml dung dch D Cn dng 80 ml dung dch KOH 0,1 M Tnh CM ca cc dd A, B? 51/ A v B l hai dung dch HCl: V1 l dung dch A tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 to ra 35,875 (g) kt ta. V2 l dung dch B tc dng va ht 500 ml dung dch NAOH 0,3 M a/ Tnh s (g) HCl trong V1, V2 b/ Trn v1 vi v2 c 2 lt dung dch C (cho V1+V2=2 l) Tnh CM ca cc dung dch A, B, C? Cho bit hiu ca nng nc/l ca cc dung dch cho l 0,4 M.
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52/ Hai dung dch H2SO4 A v B 1/ Hy tnh C% ca A v B Cho bit:- Nng % ca B bng 2,5 ln nng % ca A v khi trn A vi B theo t l khi lng l 7:3 th thu c dung dch C c nng l 29%. 2/ Ly 50 ml dung dch C (D=1,27) cho tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch BaCl 2 1M. lc v tch kt ta a/ Tnh CM ca HCl trong nc lc? b/ Cho 21,2 (g) Na2CO3 vo nc lc, c kt ta khng? V sao? Nu c, tnh lng kt ta. c/ Nu thay NaCO2 bng CO2 c kt ta khng? V sao? 53/ Sau khi nung 9,4 (g) Cu(NO3)2 thu c 6,16 (g) cht rn. 1/ Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh nhit phn? 2/ Tnh % th tch ca cc kh trong khng kh thu c? 3/ Tnh s ml dung dch HNO3 0,3M (d=1,1) cn ho tan ht cht rn? 4/ Tnh C% ca cc cht trong dung dch to ra khi ho tan ht cht rn trong lng axit trn. 54/ Mt loi KOH rn b ht m, mt phn bin thnh K2CO3. (cht rn A) Ho tan 30 (g) A vo nc c 100 ml dung dch B. Chia B thnh 2 phn: -Phn 1 cho tc dng va ht vi 85 ml dung dch H2SO4 1,5 M -Phn 2, thm BaCl2 d lc b kt ta thm nc thnh 200 ml dung dch C. trung ho 40 ml dung dch C cn 30ml dung dch HCl 1,5 M. a/ Tnh % v khi lng ca cc cht trong A? b/ Tnh CM ca cc cht trong dung dch B? 55/ Ho tan 22,4 (g) bt Fe trong 500 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Cho lung kh Cl 2 i qua dung dch nhn c, un nng c dung dch A. Thm dn dung dch NaOH u d vo dung dch A thu c hn hp kt ta B. sy kh v nung kt ta B trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi lng gim 15,12 % so vi khi lng ca B Tnh CM ca cc cht v cc ion trong dung dch A? 56/ C 50 ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 1,5M; HCO 1,2M. Thm vo 8(g)hn hp 2 kim loi Fe, Mg , dn kh bay ra qua ng s A cha 16 (g) CuO nng. Tnh th tch (s ml) dung dch HNO3 c 42% (d=1,2) cn ho tan ht cht rn cn trong A? 57/ C 2 dung dch: dung dch H2SO4, dung dch NOH - trung ho 15 ml dung dch H2SO4 cn 36 ml dung dch NaOH. -Ly 40 ml dung dch H2SO4 cho tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 to ra 0,394 (g) kt ta. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 56 ml dung dch NaOH cho. Tnh CM ca cc dung dch ly? 58/ Cho 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp H2SO4, HCl. trung ho ht lng hn hp trn cn 400 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Sau nu lm bay hi dung dch th thu c 13,2 (g) mui khan.
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Tnh CM ca cc cht trong dung dch dng? 59/ trung ho 200 ml dung dch A cha hn hp H 2SO4, HCl cn 500 ml dung dch NaOH. Sau khi phn ng xong c cn dung dch to ra 30,5 (g) mui khan. Mt khc ho tan 9,5 (g) khi lng M ( ho tr 2)vo 300 ml dung dch A c dung dch B v 6,72 lt H2 ( KTC). trung ho dung dch B phi dng 150 ml dung dch NaOH ni trn. a/ Xc nh khi lng M? b/ Tnh CM ca cc dung dch NaOH, HCl, H2SO4 dng? 60/ Tnh s ml dung dch HCl 36,5 % (d=1,19) cn ly khi pha vo nc c 2,5 lt dung dch c ph= 0,6? 61/ Cn 1 lng qung pyrit st l bao nhiu sn xut c 700 tn dung dch H2SO4 70%. Bit pyrit cha 85,6% FeS2 v s hao ht trong sn xut l 4%. 62/ Trn V1 lt dung dch HCl 0,6M vi V2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,4 M c 0,6 lt dung dch A. Tnh V1, V2? Bit: -0,6 lt dung dch A c th ho tan c 1,02 (g) Al2O3 -V1+V2= 0,6 (l) 63/ X l dung dch H2SO40,02 M. Y l dung dch NaOH 0,035 M. Phi trn X,Y theo t l th tch l my thu c dung dch Z c PH=2. (Bit VX +VY=VZ) 64/ C bao nhiu (g) NaCl thot ra khi lm lnh 600 (g) dung dch NaOH bo ho 900C ti O0C. Bit rng: 900C SNaCl=50 0 SNaCl=35 0 C IN PHN I/ nh ngha: in phn l mt qu trnh xy ho-kh xy ra trn b mt cc in cc, khi dng in 1 chiu i qua dung dch cht in ly hay cht in ly nng chy. Katt in cc ni vi cc (-) ca ngun in Ant in cc ni vi cc (+) ca ngun in II/ in phn cc hp cht nng chy mui nng chy hyrxt nng chy hyrxt v d: in phn NaCl nng chy in phn NaOH nng chy 2NaCL 4NaOH Nng chy (nng chy) C C (-) (+) + 2 Na 2ClIon Na+ b kh ion Cl- b oxi ha 2 Na+ + 2e 2Nao 2Cl- -2e Cl2 C C (-) (+) + 4 Na 4OHNa+ b kh OH- b oxi ha 4Na+ +4e 4Nao+4OH- -4eO2 + 2H2O
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Ti (-) c Na to ra Kt qu Ti (+) c Cl2 bay ln Phng trnh in phn ph 2NaCl 2Nao + Cl2 (n chy) cc tr (-) (+) Kt qu

Ti (-) c Na to ra Ti (+) c O2 bay ln V H2O to ra Phng trnh phn ng ph 4NaOH 4Na+O2+ 2H2O (n chy) 2Na + 2HOH = 2NaOH + H2 2NaOH = 2NA + O2 + H2 (-)

III/ in phn dung dch mui: dd mui /Mui +H2 O Khi in phn DD mui, c trng hp H2O b in phn: ti (-) H2O b kh: 2 H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- * Ti (+) H2O b oxi ha: H2O 2e O2 +2 + * * Quy lut in phn Ti Katt Khi M l Kl t Al v trc, H2O b kh ht* Khi M l Kl sau Al Mn+ b kh Mn+ + ne Mo Ti Ant Phn ng ti (+) ph thuc tr: CHPl . Bn cht in cc Tan: Kl c oxi . Bn cht anion Khng c oxi nng anion Khi in cc tr Anion khng c oxi Xm- bi oxi ho Xm- -me Xo Anion c oxi H2O b oxi ho ht **
1 2

Bi tp in phn 1/Trnh by s in phn cc dung dch NaCl, CaCl2 -Vi in cc tr c mng ngn -Vi in cc tr -Vi in cc Cu 2/ Trnh by s in phn cc dung dch ZnSO4, CuCl2 -Vi in cc tr -Vi in cc Cu
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3/ Trnh by s in phn cc dung dch KNO3, NaOH, H2SO4 vi in cc tr. V sao thc cht cc qu trnh trn l in phn H2O. 4/ in phn 250 (g) dung dch NaOH 20% trong mt bnh in phn c mng ngn cho n khi kh Cl2 ngng thot ra. Tnh C% ca dung dch NaOH thu c (coi nc khng b bay hi trong qu trnh in phn) 5/ in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr. Sau khi ngng in phn, khi lng ca dung dch gim i 8(g) Mt khc nu cho dung dch cn li tc dng vi kh H 2S, th phi dng ht 1,12 lt kh (KTC) mi kt ta ht ion Cu2+ Hy tnh C%, CM ca dung dch CuSO4 trckhi in phn Cho bit: -Khi lng ring ca dung dch dng l 1,25 g/ml. -Lng H2O b bay hi do t nng l khng ng k. 6/ Khi in phn BaCl2 nng chy vi in cc tr, thu c cht rn A, kh B. a/ Vit s o in phn, cho bit tn ca A,B b/ Cho cht rn A tc dng vi H2O c dung dch D1 v kh C. Vit phng trnh phn ng? c/ Cho kh B tc dng vi kh C, ho tan sn phm vo nc c dung dch D2, vit phng trnh phn ng. d/ B 1 mu giy qu tm vo dung dch D1, sau tt c dung dch D2 vo dung dch D1, mu giy qu bin i th no? V sao? 7/ vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi in phn (vi in cc tr c mng ngn) dung dch hn hp cha a mol CuSO4, b mol NaCl trong cc trng hp : b=2a; b<2a; b>2a 8/ Pha ch 200 ml dung dch A cha 13,5 (g) CuCl v 14,9 (g) KCl a/ Tnh CM ca cc cht trong dung dch A? b/ em in phn dung dch A trong 1 bnh in phn c mng ngn vi (-) bng Pt; (+) bng than ch n khi ti (-) thot ra 4,48l kh (KTC) th ngng li. hi: - thnh phn ca dd cn li? - Cm ca cht trong dung dch cn li ( khi tnh Cm V dd= constan) 9/ em in phan 100ml dd KNO3 0,1M (D=1,1) mot thi gian,
thay (+) tr thoat ra 2,8 l kh (ktc) a. tnh dien lng can cho ien phan. b. Tnh the tch kh thoat ra tai (-) (ktc)

c/ Tnh C% c ca cc cht trong dung dch sau in phn? 10/ C 1 hn hp dung dch cha HgCl2 0,2 M; CuCl2 0,4 M a/ Thit lp s in phn dung dch trn vi in cc tr b/ Cht g, lng l bao nhiu thot ra trn cc in cc than, khi cho dng in 10A i qua 500 ml dung dch trong 1 gi. c/ Tnh CM ca cc cht cn li trong dung dch sau in phn? 11/ Trn 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 vi 350 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 c dung dch hn hp A
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Ly 250 ml dung dch A, thc hin in phn vi I=0,429, sau 5 gi in phn hon ton, khi lng kim loi bm vo (-) l 6,36 (g). Tnh CM ca cc cht trong cc dung dch ly? 12/ in phn 100 ml dung dch hn hp cha NaCl, HCl, thu c (-) 0,0448 (l) kh (KTC). Sau khi trung ho ton dung dch thu c bng 30 ml dung dch NaOH 0,015 M, ngi ta thm tip 40 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,1 M. tc dng ht lng AgNO3 d cn 10 ml dung dch NaCl 0,28 M. a/ Gii thch qu trnh th nghim bng phng trnh phn ng? b/ Tnh CM ca NaCl, HCl tong dung dch hn hp trc khi in phn? c/ Tnh thi gian cn in phn thu c lng kh nh trn? Cho bit I=0,15A 13/ Khi in phn 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,4M, in cc Pt trong thi gian 4 gi vi = 0,402 A th trn (-) thu c 6,156 9g) Ag Hi: a/ Hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn? b/ Tnh theo l thuyt, CM ca cc cht trong dung dch sau in phn? c/ Sau in phn, cho thm 2,5 (g) Cu(NO3)2 vo dung dch thu c, ri in phn tip 2 gi th % v khi lng ca cc kim loi bm trn (-) l bao nhiu? Lng mui nitrt cn l my? Coi hiu sut l 100%. 14/ in phn vi in cc Pt 200 ml dung dch A cha mui MNO3. Kim loi bm trn b mt (-) cho n khi (-) xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. trung ho dung dch thu c sau in phn phi dng 250 ml dung dch KOH 0,8M. Mt khc khi nhng 1 thanh Zn vi khi lng l 50 (g) vo 200 ml dung dch A. Sau khi phn ng xong khi lng ca thanh Zn tng thm 30,2% so vi ban u. a/ Tnh nguyn t khi ca M? b/ Mun iu ch 1 lt dung dch A cn bao nhiu gam MNO3? 15/ C 2 dung dch CuCl2 v AgNO3 nng mol/l ca dung dch CuCl2 gp i dung dch AgNO3 in phn 400 ml dung dch CuCl2 vo 800 ml dung dch AgNO3 vi I= 0,386 A trong 1gi 30 pht theo s bn ly 2 dung dch sau khi ngng in phn trn vo nhau c dung dch A. Trong dung dch A [Cl-]= 0,05 M a/ Tnh CM ca cc dung dch dng? b/ in phn ht cc ion kim loi c trong 2 dung dch, cn phi tip tc in phn thm bao nhiu ln, nu khng trn 2 dung dch vi nhau? c/ Tnh th tch cc kh nhn c ( KTC) nu in phn 2 dung dch t u cho n va ht cc ion kim loi?
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16/ Vit s in phn Al2O3 nng chy (trong cryolith) khi dng l in U=4,5V I=50 000A a/ Lng Al sn xut c trong 1 ngy b/ Khi lng qung cn trong 1 ngy bit qung cha 60% Al2O3, hiu sut sinh ch ra Al2O3 t qung l 80%. c/ Khi lng C tiu th trong 1 ngy, gi thit (+) ch c 2 kh CO v CO2 sinh ra theo t l 3:7 (ve V) d/ Tnh in nng tiu th 1 ngy theo kw/h. 17/ in phn 200 ml dung dch NaCl 2M (d=1,1), dung dch lun c khuy Khi (-) thot ra 22,4 lit kh(200C, 1at)th ngng in phn. Tnh C% ca hp cht cha trong cht in phn sau khi kt thc qu trnh in phn gii bi ton vi 2 trng hp: a/ Vi in cc tr, c mng ngn b/ Vi in cc Cu. 18/ nhng 1thanh Mg sch vo 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,02 M. Sau khi khng thy bt kh thot ra na, ngi ta cho thm vo y 50 ml dung dch CuCl 2, mt lc sau ly thanh Mg ra ra cn thn lm kh ri em cn, thy khi lng tng thm 0,376 (g). Cho thm NaOH d vo dung dch xanh nht trong sut cn li, lc kt ta, em nung n khi lng khng i th c cht rn c khi lng bng 2/3 khi lng NaOH tham gia phn ng. a/ Vit phng trnh phn ng. Tnh CM ca dung dch CuCl2 dung. b/ Nu in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi (+) bng Cu (-) bng Fe th nng dung dch ny s thay i th no trong qu trnh in phn? ( ga thiet Th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k) 19/Ho tan hon ton 1 lng hp kim Ag-Cu trong 40 ml dung dch HNO3 5M. Kh thot ra l 1 kh duy nht ch c th l NO hoc NO2 v to ra 1 lng dung dch B. Pha long dung dch B vi H2O, em in phn vi in cc tr mt thi gian ri dng li. Trong qu trnh in phn, ngoi vic cc ion kim loi b kh ti (-), nc b xi ho ti (+) cn c phn ng ph 2HNO3+H2O=NH4NO3+2O2 Ngi ta nhn thy lng kim loi thot ra (-) l 4,52 (g) Dung dch thu c sau in phn c trung ho va ht bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau ngi ta thm NaOH d, ri un si lu, thy c kt ta v kh NH3 bay ra. Kt ta sau khi ra sch, lm kh v nung n khi lng khng i, to ra cht rn l xt ca mt kim loi, khi lng cht rn l 0,8 (g) Phn kh NH3 c lm kh v sch c 0,005 mol. a/ Vit phng trnh phn ng, c bin lun
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b/ Tnh thnh phn % theo s mol ca tng kim loi trong hp kim em dung. Bit rng lng HNO3b mt trong khi ho tan kim loi l 20%. 20/ Vit cc phn ng theo cc s sau: Cl2 NaClO (1) (3) (7) (8) (2) (4) (5) (9) (11) HCl NaCl CaOCl2 Cl2 KClO3 (6) (10) (12)

TNH THNH PHN HN HP (rn, lng) 1/ 1 (g) hn hp A gm Fe, Cu cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thy thot ra 224 ml kh (KTC) Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A? 2/ 1 (g) hp kim ca Na, tc dng vi nc d, to ra dung dch kim. trung ho dung dch kim cn 50 dung dch HCl 0,2M. Tnh cha (%Na) ca Na trong hp kim? 3/ Ho tan 31,2 (g)hn hp AL, Al2O3 trong dung dch NaOH 40% (d=1,44) d, thy thot ra 13,44 lt kh (KTC) A/ Kh thot ra l kh g? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. b/ Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp u? c/ Tnh s ml dung dch NaOH cn ho tan ht 0,78 (g) hn hp u? 4/ 2,33, (g) hn hp A gm Fe, Zn, tc dng vi dung dch HCl d to ra 984 ml H2 (270C, 1at) Tnh % khi lng ca tng kim loi trong A? 5/ 0,325 (g) hn hp A gm NaCl, KCl ho tan ht trong nc, c dung dch B. cho dung dch AgNO3 d vo B, kt ta to ra c lm kh, cn c 0,717 (g). Tnh % khi lng ca cc cht trong A? 6/ 5,92 (g) hn hp Na2CO3, NaHCO3 tc dng va ht vi 200 ml dung ch HCl 0,5M. Tnh % khi lng ca cc cht trong A? 7/ Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi vun, nguyn cht l Al, Mg a/ Ly 1,5 9g) A cho tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long thy thot ra 1,68 lt kh (KTC) v dung dch B. Tnh % khi lng ca cc kim loi trong A? b/ Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, c kt ta to ra. Tnh lng kt ta ? c/ cho 0,75 (g) A tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d. Ly cht rn thu c tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c. Tnh th tch kh NO2 to ra KTC?
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8/ Mt ng kn cha 4,72(g) A (gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3) nng. Cho H2 i qua, khi phn ng kt thc cht rn c khi lng l 3,92(g) Mt khc, cng lng hn hp A nh trn, cho tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d, lc cht rn lm kh cn c 4,96 (g) Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A? 9/ 2 (g) hn hp A gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 224 ml H2(KTC). Cng lng hn hp A nh trn khi cho tc dng vi H2 (c un nng) c 0,423 (g) H2O. Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A? 10/ Ly 13,4 (g) hn hp A gm Mg, Fe, Al cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 11,2 lt kh (KTC) v dung dch B. Cho dung dch NaOH tc dng vi dung dch B th thu c 14,8 (g) kt ta. Tnh % khi lng ca tng khi lng trong A? 11/ 1 (g) hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch B v phn khng tan C. Nung C trong khng kh n m=const c 0,795 (g) cht rn. Dung dch B cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, kt ta thu c, sau khi ra cn thn, lm kh v nung n m=const cn c 0,4032 (g) cht rn. Tnh % khi lng cu tng kim loi trong A? (Cu=63,5; Mg=24,32) 12/ Ho tan 10(g) hn hp A gm Fe, Fe203 trong dung dch HCl va c dung dch B v 1,12 lt kh (ktc). a/ Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A? b/ Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta, ra sch, lm kh, nung n m=const. Tnh khi lng sn phm sau khi nung? 13/ Phi trn CaCO3 v MgCO3 a/ Theo 1 t l v khi lng th no sau khi nung hn hp n m=const, th % Mg bng % Ca trong sn phm? b/ Theo 1 t l % v khi lng th no sau khi nung n 1200 0C (H=100%) th khi lng hn hp u gim i mt na 14/ Ho tan 3,5 (g) hn hp A gm Na2CO3, K2CO3 vo 46,5 ml H2O c dung dch B. Cho dung dch HCl 3,65% t t vo dung dch B n khi thot ra 224 ml kh (KTC) th dng li, to ra dung dch C. Cho nc vi trong tc dng va vi dung dch C to ra 2(g) kt ta: a/ Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl tham gia phn ng? b/ Khi lng tng mui trong A? c/ Tnh C% ca cc cht trong dung dch B? 15/ Ho tan 4,34 (g) hn hp A gm KCl, KBr, KI vo nc, thm dung dch AgNO3 n d vo dung dch thu cthy to ra 7,14 (g) kt ta. Mt khc cho ton b dung dch cha 4,34 (g) A tc dng vi brm d, chng kh dung dch to thnh c 3,87 (g) mui rn khan.
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Tnh khi lng tng mui trong A? 16/ Nhng1 thi st c khi lng l 20 (g) vo 50 (g) dung dch CuSO 4 32%. Sau mt thi gian ly thi st ra cn li khi lng mi l 20,2 (g) a/ Xc nh thnh phn khi lng ca 20,2(g) ? b/ Tnh C% ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c? 17/a/ Hai ming nhm c t l khi lng l bao nhiu khi ho tan ming th nht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d v ming th hai trong dung dch HCl d, th nhng th tch kh thot ra bng nhau (trong cng iu kin)?
b/hai ming Cu co ty le ve khoi lng la bao nhieu e khi hoa tan mieng th nhat trong H2SO4 ac d va mieng

th 2 trong H NO3 ac d th nhan c nhng the tich kh bang nhau trong cung ieu kien. 18/ Mt dung dch D cha hn hp HCl 1M, H 2SO4 0,5M. Cho Fe d tc dng vi 50 cm3 dung dch D, lm kh kh bay ra. a/ Tnh th tch kh bay ra KTC? b/ Lng Fe phn ng? c/ Cho kh kh thu c i t t qua 1 ng c 5(g)CuO un nng, gi thit tt c lng kh tham gia phn ng. Tnh thnh phn khi lng ca hn hp cn li trong ng sau th nghim? 19/ Cn phi ly NaCl, KCl theo t l v khi lng th no, khi chuyn sang AgCl, khi lng AgCl tng thm 129,6% so vi khi lng ca hn hp u? 20/ 4,76 (g) hn hp A gm Natri hirsunfit tc dng vi H2SO4 d, thu c 672 ml kh (KTC) Mt khc cng lng hn hp A nh trn phn ng va vi 25 (g), d NaOH 3,2%. Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A? 21/ Cho mt ming hp kim ca Na, K tc dng ht vi H2O, thy thot ra 2 lt H2 (00, 1,12 at) v 1 dung dch D. trung ha ht dung dch D ngi ta dng 1 lng dung dch HCl 0,5M va , co dung dch to ra c 13,3 (g) hn hp mui khan. a) Tnh % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hp kim? b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn trung ha ht dung dch D? 22/ Ha tan 21,6 (g) A gm Fe, CuO trong 500 ml dung dch HCl 1,6 M. Khi phn ng xong, nhng 1 thanh Mg trong hn hp thu c cho n khi ngng thay i khi lng. Thanh kim loi sau khi ra sch, lm kh thy khi lng tng thm 8,8 g. Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A? 23/ Ho tan hon ton 12,5 (g) hn hp A gm CaCO 3 v CaO trong dung dch HCl . Kh to thnh c dn ln lt qua 2 bnh kn, bnh th nht ng P 2O5 d, bnh th 2 ng CaO mi nung, d. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thy khi lng bnh th 2 tng thm 4,4 (g). a/ Hy gii thch, vit phng trnh phn ng? b/ Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A?
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24/ un nng H2SO4 c vi 7,76 (g) hp kim Cu-Ag. Cho kh to ra li qua nc Cl2 d. Sau khi phn ng xong hon ton, thm tip dung dch BaCl2 d c kt ta. em kt ta ra sch, lm kh cn c 11,65(g). Hi % khi lng ca tng kim loi trong hp kim? 25/ Hn hp A gm FO, Fe2O3. -Mun ho tan ht A cn 250 ml dungdch HCl 0,4M -Mt khc nu xy ho hon ton A, c cht rn B. ho tan ht B cn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,4M. Tnh % v khi lng ca tng cht trong A? 26/ khi cho 17,35 (g) hn hp A gm Cu, Fe, Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c (c ) to ra 4,48 lt kh. Cn khi cho hn hp A nh trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 8,46 lt kh. Cc th tch kh u o KTC. Tnh % khi lng cu tng kim loi trong A? (Cu=63,5) 27/ Hn hp A gm Mg, MgO, MgCO3. Ly 1,72(g) A ho tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu cc kh thot ra, o c 672 ml (KTC), phn dung dch cho bay hi ti kh c 4,8 (g) mui khan. a/ Vit cc phng trnhphn ng? b/ Tnh % khi lng ca cc cht trong A? 28.a/ Ly 8,475(g) A gm KCl, MgCl2 bin i ht thu c 10,35(g) B gm K2SO4, MgSO4. Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A, B? b/ Ly 5,44(g) hn hp A gm CaCO3, MgCO3 bin i ht, thu c 7,6 (g) hn hp B gm CaSO4, MgSO4. Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A, B? 29/ Mt thi hp kim Cu,Zn cha 1,5(g) Cu. Nu luyn thm 6,5(g) Cu vo th thu c hp kim mi c % Zn nh hn trong hp kim u l 35,5%. Mt khc nu ngm thi hp kim u trong bnh ng dung dch HCl th gim khi lng ca bnh phn ng vt qu 0,15(g). Xc nh hm lng %Zn trong hp kim u? 30/ Mt thi hp kim Ca, Al cha 1(g) Cu. Nu luyn thm 4(g) Mg vo, thu c hp kim mi, trong % Al nh hn trong hp kim u l 33,33%. Mt khc nu ngm thi hp kim u trong dung dch NaOH m c, ch sau 1 thi gian lng hyr thot ra vt qu 2 lt (KTC). Xc nh hm lng % ca Al trong hp kim u? 31.a/ Cho 9,14(g) mt hp kim cha Cu, Al, Mg tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c kh A, dung dch B v phn khng tan C cn c 2,54(g). -Cho bit tn kh A, phn khng tan C b cc ion c mt trong dung dch B. -Tnh th tch KTC ca kh A? Cho bit trong hp kim t l khi lng ca nhm v magi l 4,5:1. b/ Xc nh % NaHCO3 ( v khi lng) trong mui Na2CO3 ( c ln NaHCO3)? bit rng khi nung 10 (g) Na2CO3 (c ln NaHCO3) n m=const th thu c 9,6(g) cht rn.
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32/ em kt ta hyrxt t 2 dung dch cha 2 mui st v Magi, lng hyrxt va thu c em nung nng, c mt hn hp xt c t l v s mol tng ng l 2:1. Tnh th tch dung dch Mg(NO3)2 V Fe(NO3)3, cng nng 2M cn dng iu ch c 180 (g) hn hp 2 xt trn? 33/Ly 1,42(g) hn hp A gm CaCO3, MgCO3 cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, kh thot ra c h th ht bng mt dung dch cha 0,0225 mol Ba(OH)2. Lng Ba(OH)2 d c tch ra khi kt ta, thm vo dung dch o 1 lng H2SO4 kt ta ht Ba2+, ra sch kt ta mui sunft, sy kh, cn c 1,7475(g). Tnh khi lng ca mi cht trong A? 34/ Nung mt loi vi, trong c cha 95% CaCO3; 1,2% MgCO3 v 3,8% tp cht khng b phn hu, thy khi lng b gim i 40,22%. Tnh s% vi b phn hu (hiu sut ca qu trnh phn hu)? 35/ Mt hn hp A gm Al v Fe3O4 (khng c khng kh). Nung A co phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp B. Ho tan B trong dung dch NaOH d, thy c 26,88 lt hyr thot ra ( KTC). a/ Tnh % khi lng ca cc cht trong A? ho tan ht hn hp B cn 500 ml dung dch HCl 10M. b/ Xc nh CM ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c, khi ho tan ht B bng lng dung dch HCl trn? 36/ Mt hn hp A gm Al2O3 v Na. hoa tan het A vao nc c 500g dd B -Ly 250 (g) dung dch B cho tc dng vi 200 ml H2SO4 1M th thu c mt lng kt ta ln nht. -Ly phn dung dch B cn li, cho tc dng vi mt lng ti a l 292(g) dung dch HCl 20% a/ Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A? b/ Tnh C% ca cc cht trong dung dch B? 37/ Ho tan hon ton 13(g) hp kim A gm Fe, Al, Mg trong dung dch H 2SO42M thu c dung dch D v kh B. -Cho kh B ln lt i qua bnh ng P2O5d v ng ng 80(g) CuO nng, ri dn kh thu c vo bnh ng H2SO4 c, thy khi lng bnh ng H2SO4 tng thm 9 (g). -Dung dch D c H2SO4 lm mt mu 40 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. a/ Tnh khi lng ca tng kim loi trong A? b/ Tnh th tch ti thiu dung dch H2SO4 cn ho tan ht lng hp kim trn? 38/ Mt hn hpA gmFeO, Fe3O4. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. -Phn mt, cho tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, c dung dch B. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, kt ta thu c ngoi khng kh n m=const, sau em nung, thy khi lng b gim i 21,6(g) so vi trc khi nung. -Phn th hai, nung nng trong 1 ng kn, ri cho 1 ng kh CO i qua. Sau khi phn ng xong v hon ton, khi lng ca ng gim i 14,4 (g)
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Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng ca cc cht trong A? 39/ Mt hn hp A gm NaCl, Na2CO3, NaOH. Khi lng l 30,3(g). Ho tan A trong nc c 200 (g) dung dch B. -Ly 150 (g) dung dch B, thm t t dung dch MgCl 2 n khi lng kt ta khng tng th dng li. Cn, lc kt ta, ra cn thn, lm kh v nung n m=const, cn c 6 (g). -Phn nc lc thm dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c 64,575(g) kt ta. Xc nh khi lng mi cht trong A? 40/ Mt dung dch A cha NaCl, NaAlO2. Sau khi thm vo d A 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M, lc ly kt ta ra sch, lm kh v nung n m=const c 5,1(g) cht rn. Phn nc lc cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3d c 114,8(g) kt ta. Tnh khi lng mi mui trn trong dung dch A? 41/ Ho tan hon ton 27,2(g) hn hp A gm Cu v Fe trong dung dch HCl. Thm ? (g) Al vo dung dch thu c (khng thy kh thot ra). Thm tip dung dch NaOH d vo hn hp thu c to ra kt ta B gm kim loi v mt loi hyrxt, khi lng cu B l 27,4 (g) Ho tan ht B trong dung dch HNO3 nng, thy thot ra 6720 ml NO(KTC). 1/ Xc nh thnh phn khi lng cc cht trong A? 2/ Tm gi tr ca A? 42/ Mt dung dch cha 4,9(g) H3PO4. Thm vo dung dch 4,8 (g) NaOH, sau lm kh dung dch cn li. Cht thu c gm nhng cht g?Lng l bao nhiu? 43/ Mt hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4 c t l v khi lng l 27:58, c gy phn ng bng tc dng ca h quang. Xc nh thnh phn v khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp trn. a/ Khi ho tan sn phm trong dung dch HCl d, thy thot ra 18480 cm3 kh (27,3OC; 2at) b/ Khi ho tan sn phm trong dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 13440cm3 kh KTC. c/ Sn phm phn ng va vi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 2,4M. d/ Ho tan sn phm trong dung dch HCl (va ) dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH d, kt ta to ra ngoi khng kh n khi ngng thay i khi lng, em nung ngoi kt ta n m=const, cn c 72(g) cht rn. e/ Sau khi ho tan sn phn bng dung dch HCl va , cho tip vo dung dch thu c 3,2 lt dung dch NaOH 2M, thu c 96,6 (g) kt ta. 44/ Khi cho hn hp A gm Al v Fe2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, khi lng cht rn thu c bng 78,05% so vi khi lng ca A. Nu thm 2,7 (g) Al vo A th % ca Al trong hn hp mi l 36%. 1/ Tnh khi lng hn hp A? 2/ Kh nung hn hp B(cng gm 2 cht c trong A, nhng thnh phn khc vi hn hp A). nhit cao, thu c hn hp C.(H=100%)
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-Khi ho tan ht C trong dung dch H2SO4 long, thy thot ra 2,24 lt kh(KTC). -Ho tan ht C trong dung dch NaOH d, khi lng cht rn khng tan l 8,8 (g). Hi trong C c nhng cht g? 3/ Tnh khi lng hn hp B. % khi lng cc cht trong C? 45/ Cho 1 lung kh H2 kh v d i qua 1 ng cha 1 loi xt st nung nng, cho n khi ton b lng xt st b kh ht. Hi nc to thnh c hp th bi 100(g) dung dch H2SO4 98%. Sau khi hp th ht nc, dung dch A thu c c nng ca H2SO4 nh hn trong dung dch dung 94%. Ngi ta ly 6% lng cht rn cn li trong ng cho tc dng va ht vi 14,16(g) dung dch A trn khi un nng. 1/ Cho bit tn v lng ca xt st dng? 2/ Hi 1 lng xt st nh th c th tan ht trong 100 (g) dung dch A nh trn khng? 3/ Cn 1 lng hn hp Zn-Cu (cha 95% Zn) l bao nhiu khi tc dng vi dung dch HCl, to ra lng hyr cn cho th nghim trn? Trong trng hp lm th no to ra hyr nguyn cht v kh. 46/ Cho a (g) hn hp Ba, Na tc dng vi nc thu c V lt hyr (KTC) v 1 dung dch D. -Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dng dch FeCl3 d, lc kt ta, ra sch, nung n m=const thu c m(g) cht rn. -Tin hnh th nghim nh trn vi dung dch FeCl2 d, lng cht rn thu c l m1(g). 1/ Thit lp biu thc tng quan gia V vi m v m1. 2/ Xc nh t l m/m1 v gii tch ti sao l ny lun khc 1. Mc d thu c cng 1 cht v lng hn hp kim loi ban u nh nhau. 3/ Khi V=0,672 (l) tnh m v m1? 4/ Ly m1 (g) cht rn trn, un nng ri dn t t 0,672(l) hyr i qua, gii thch . Tt c lng hyr a d phn ng v phn ng ch to ra st kim loi th thnh phn v khi lng ca cht rn thu c l bao nhiu? 47/ Mt hn hp A gm bt Al v mt th oxt st. Chia A thnh 3 phn bng nhau Phn th nht cho tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 3,36 lt hyr. Phn th hai v th ba c nung nng (H=100%) v b qua tc dng ca khng kh vi hn hp. Sn phm thu c phn hai cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 0,672 lt hyr. Sn phm thu c phn ba cho ho tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 1,2 M thy thot ra 2,688 lt hyr. Cc th tch kh u o KTC. Hi: 1/ % v khi lng ca cc cht trong A? v % v khi lng ca cc cht trong sn phm nhit phn mi phn? 2/ Th tch ti thiu dung dch H2SO4 phi dng?
19

48/ phn tch hn hp A gm bt st v mt th bt xy st, ngi ta tin hnh th ngim sau: a/ Cn 16,16 (g) hn hp A ho tan trong dung dch HCl 1,32 mol d, thu c 0,778 (l) lh (250C, 1 at) v dung dch B. b/ Dn khng kh qua dung dch B, n khi mu ca dung dch ngng thay i, thm dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta, ra sch, lm kh v nung n m=const. Sn phm thu c c khi lng l 17,6(g) Hi: 1/ Thnh phn % v khi lng ca loi bt ban u? 2/ Cng thc ca xt st dung? 3/ Th tch dung dch HCl ti thiu cn cho th nghim? 49/ Mt hn hp A gm Al, Mg, Fe. 1/ Hy xc nh thnh phn % ca tng cht trong A? Bit: -7,35(g) A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c 1,68 lt kh -14,7(g) A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 10,08 lt kh v dung dch B (cac V kh o KTC) 2/ Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, kt ta to ra c ra sch, lm kh v nung n m=const. Tnh khi lng ca cht rn thu c? 3/ Cho 1 lng hn hp A tc dng vi dung dch CuSO 4 d, sau khi phn ng xong, cho cht rn thu c vo dung dch HNO3 long thu c 13,44 lt NO (ktc)Tnh mA dng? 50/ Mt hn hp A gm Fe, Fe2O3 vi % Fe bng 25,43(g). Cho A tan hon ton trong 228,6 (g) dung dch H2SO4 20%, thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng dung dch trong khng kh, sau nung kt ta n m=const thu c cht rn C. a/ Tnh khi lng cc cht trong A? b/ Tnh khi lng cht rn C? c/ Tnh C% ca cc cht trong dung dch B? 51/ Khi nung trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh, mt hn hp A gm ZnS v FeS2, thu c mt hn hp kh c thnh phn theo th tch l 7,7% SO2; 10,3% O2; 82%N2 1/Vit cc phng trnh phn ng? 2/ Tnh t l % V khng kh tham gia phn ng so vi th tch khng kh. 3/ Tnh % v khi lng ca FeS2 trong A? 4/ Ly cht rn thu c sau khi nung, ho ta trong dung dch H2SO4 long, cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo dung dch thu c, kt ta to ra l 9,32(g0. Tnh khi lng hn hp A dung?( Khng kh cha 21% O2,phn cn li l N2) 52/ C 3 cht bt l Mg, Al, Al2O3. 1/ Ch dung mt ho cht lm cht th, hy phn bit chng? 2/ Khi cho 9 (g) hn hp A gm 3 th bt tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thot ra 3,36 lt hyr.
20

Cng lng hn hp ho tan trong dung dch HCl d, th tch kh thu c l 7,86 lt. Cc th tch kh u xc nh KTC. Vit cc phong trnh phn ng. Tnh s gam mi cht trong A? 53/ Mt loi cha CaCO3, MgCO3, Al2O3. Trong khi lng Al2O3 bng 1/8 khi lng hai mui cacbonat. Nung 1200 0C(M=100%), thu c sn phm c khi lng bng 6/10 khi lng ca trc khi nung. Tnh % khi lng ca MgCO3 trong ? 54/ Nhm c th tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 to thnh Al(NO3)3, nc v hn hp kh NO,N2O. 1/ Hy vit v cn bng phng trnh phn ng, cho bit t s gia cc h s ca NO, N2O trong phng trnh l c nh hay c th thay i? V sao? 2/ Tnh khi lng ca mui Al(NO3)3 v th tch mi kh KTC thu c khi cho 4,59(g) Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 Cho bit t khi ca hn hp NO, N2O so vi hyr bng 16,75. 55/ Ho tan mt t hp kim ca 2 kim loi kim vo nc c 0,336 lt hyr (KTC) v 1dung dch B. Thm 10 ml dung dch HCl 3,5M vo dung dch B, thm tip 5ml dung dch NaOH 1M trung ho axt d to thnh dung dch C. C cn dung dch C c 2,3675 (g) mui khan. 1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. xc nh 2 kim loi trong hp kim, bit rng chng thuc hai chu k k tip nhau. 2/ Tnh % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hp kim? 56/ Ly 2,806 (g) 1 mu hp kim X gm Ag, Cu, Zn cho phn ng vi dung dch HCl d, sinh ra 0,672 lt H2 (KTC). Mt khc cho 2,806 (g) X tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng, c dung dch Y v 1 cht kh. Ton b kh bay ra c gi li trong bnh B ng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,55M. Sau th nghim, phn ng ht vi cc cht trong bnh B phi dng 20 ml dung dch KOH 0,35M. 1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng? Tnh s (g) tng kim loi c trong 2,806(g) X. Bit rng tt c Ag, Cu v 2/3 lng Zn kh H2SO4 thnh SO2. Phn cn li kh H2SO4 thnh S. 2/ Pha long dung dch Y vi nc ( cc mui u tan ht) v in phn dung dch thu c vi in cc Pt, vi dng in I=0,2A trong 15 giy. Tnh lng sn phm thot ra ti (-) ? 57/ Ho tan 40(g) hn hp A gm MgO, CuO, Fe2O3 trong 1000 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Rac 20 (g) bt Fe vo dung dch to thnh cho n khi khng cn ion Cu 2+ trong dung dch. Lc phn khng tan lm kh cn c 15,2(g). Trung ho axt trong nc lc ht 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau thm dung dch NH3 cho n d, lc kt ta, ra sch, nung trong khng kh dn m=const, c 48(g).
21

1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng? 2/ Tnh khi lng tng xt trong A? 58/ Cho hn hp A gm Al, Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 khng c khng kh. Cho 13,58(g)Avo dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 0,672 (l) H2 (KTC). Lc ly sn phm rn, ra cn thn, lm kh, c hn hp B. Cho hn hp B tc dng vi dung dchCuSO4 d, thu c hn hp rn C. mC=13,12(g). Nu un nng hn hp B vi H2 th thu c 9,54 (g)Fe. Tnh thnh phn khi lng ca hn hp A? 59/ Cho m (g) hn hp gm K, Al, mt oxt kim loi vo trong nc thu c V1 lt kh X, dung dch A, phn khng tan B. B khng phn ng vi dung dch kim, cn khi un nng tc dng va vi V1 lt kh X, to thnh cht rn C. Cho C tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, c V2 lt kh X (V2=1/3 V1) v dung dch D. Dung dch D tc dng va vi dung dch A to thnh 5,4(g) kt ta. Cho V2 lt kh X qua bnh ng CuO nng, d ri ly cht rn cn li ho tan trong HNO3 thi c 1,792 lt hn hp kh NO, NO2 c d hn hp/N2=1,5. 1/ Xc nh V1, V2? 2/ Cng thc ca xt kim loi? 3/ Xc nh m?(Cc th tch kh u o KTC) 60/ Ngi ta dn qua dung dch NaOH, tt c lng CO2 to ra khi cho 200 (g) CaCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Hi sau sn phm c mui no c to thnh? Khi lng l bao nhiu? 61/ Trong 1 bnh kn c V=30 lt cha y khng kh (KTC). Ngi ta t 1 cc than. Hn hp kh to ra, a v KTC co t khi vi H2 l 15,52. Xc nh khi lng cc than chy? (Cho bit khng kh cha 1/5 th tch l O2, cn li l N2) 62/ Cho 3,87 (g) hn hp A gm 2 kim loi M 9 ho tr 2) v N ( ho tr 3) vo 250 ml dung dch hn hp cha HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5m, thu c dung dch B v 4,368 (l) H2 (KTC) 1/ Tnh khi lng mui to ra? 2/ Xc nh tn ca M v N bit:
2 nM 2+ = 3+ 3 nM

3/ Tnh th tch dung dch C cha NaOH 0,2M; Ba(OH)2 0,1M ti thiu, khi tc dng vi dung dch C to ra lng kt ta b nht? Tnh khi lng kt ta ? 63.a/ x phng ho 5,6(g) hn hp A gm etyl axetic v etyl fomiat cn 25,96 mm dung dch NaOH0 10% 9d=1,08). Tnh % khi lng ca cc cht trong A. b/ x phng ho 3,6 (g) hn hp A gm etyl axetic v phenyl axetic cn 250 mldung dch NaOH 0,2M. Tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong A? 64/ C 1 hn hp A gm etnol v 1 ru no n chc.
22

ly 76 (g) A cho tc dng vi Na (c ), thu c 16,8 lt H2 (KTC). A/ Cng thc phn t ca ru no ? b/ Tnh % theo khi lng ca cc cht trong A? 65/ cho 30 ml ru etylic c ln nc tc dng vi axt axetic (c H2SO4 c) lng axt ly d. Sau phn ng thu c 59 (g) hn hp este v axt d khng c H2SO4 v H2O) tc dng ht vi hn hp ny cn 150 ml dung dch NaOH 20% Hi: a/ Lng CH3COOH d? b/ Trong 30 ml ru dung c ln bao nhiu nc? bit: Dru.=0,8g/ml 66/ khi t chy ht polymer ng trng hp dimetyl butadiene v acrylonitril (CH2 =CH) vi 1 lng oxy va thy to ra CN mt hn hp kh cha 57,69% CO2 v th tch ( 136,50C) Xc nh t l s mol ca monome trong polymer? 67/ C 30,75 (g) hn hp 2 ru ng ng ca ru metylic ( hn hp A) 1/ Ly 1/10 hn hp A em oxy ho hon ton thnh cc axt hu c tng ng. trung ho cc axt to thnh cn dung 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Tnh tng s mol ca 2 ru trong A? 2/ Ly 1/10 A em t chy hon ton, cho cc sn phm ln lt qua bnh (1) ng H2SO4 c d v bnh (2) ng Ba(OH)2 d. Hi sau th nghim khi lng cc bnh tng, gim bao nhiu? 68/ Cho 0,25 mol NaOH vo 20(g) cht bo, cho thm nc ri un k. Sau khi x phng ho xong, thu c hn hp c tnh cht baz. Mun trung ho ht hn hp cn 1 dung dch cha 0,18 mol HCl. a/ Tnh lng NaOH cn x phng ho mt tn cht bo? b/ T 1 tn cht bo c th iu ch c bao nhiu glyxerin v bao nhiu x phng nguyn cht? c/ Tm phn t khi trung bnh ca axt bo c trong thnh phn ca cht bo? 69/ Ho tan ht a (g) hn hp A gm FeO, Fe3O4, CuO trong dung dch HNO3, thu c dung dch cha b(g) mui v 3,136 lt hn hp B gm NO, NO2 vi dB/H2=20,143 1/ Tnh a=? 2/ Tnh s mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng? 3/ Tnh b=? Cho bit trong hn hp A s mol cc cht bng nhau. TM KHI LNG NGUYN T 1/ 1,11(g) kim loi kin M, khi tan ht trong nc, thot ra 0,16(g)H2 . Tm M? 2/ KTC, 0,1 (g) kim loi M khi tc dng ht vi nc gii phng ra 0,005(g) H2. Tm M? 3/ Sunfua ca 1 kim loi M (ho tr 2) cha 36,36% S. Tm M? 4/ xi cao nht ca 1 nguyn t R c cng thc l RO 3. Hp cht ca R vi hyr th kh, cha 5,88% hir. Tm R?
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5/ Ho tan 1,74 (g) hyrxt ca 1 kim loi M ho tr 2 cn 60 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Tm cng thc ca hyrxt? 6/ xt cao nht ca 1 nguyn t R c phn t khi bng 44. Tm R? 7/ 1,44 (g) kim loi M (ho tr 2) tc dng ht vi 150 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 30 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tm M? 8/ Khi ho tan ht 1 lng oxt ca kim loi M (ho tr 2) trong 1 lng va dung dch H2SO4 20% th thu c dung dch mui c nng 22,6%. Tm M? 9/ Nhng 1 bn bch kim trn c ph 1 lp kim loi M vi dung dch CuSO4 cho n khi ngng thay i khi lng. Sau nhc bn kim loi ra, ra cn thn, lm kh v cn, thy khi lng ca bn kim loi tng thm 0,28 (g) so vi ban u. Li nhng bn kim loi vo dung dch H2SO4, tin hnh th nghim tng t, ln ny khi lng ca bn kim loi tng thm 4,88(g). Xc nh kim loi M v khi lng ca n trn bn bch kim lc u? Cho bit: -Dung dch cc mui ly d -Cc kim loi ni trn u c ho tr 2 trong 10/ Ho tan 2,8 (g) kim loi M (ho tr 2) bng 1 hn hp gm 80 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M v 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,2m. Dung dch to ra c tnh cht axt, trung ho cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Tm M? 11/ Hai thanh kim loai c khi lng bng nhau, ng nht ca 1 kim loi M ( ho tr 2), c nhng chm vo 2 dung dch c cng nng mol, dung dch th nht cha Cu(NO3)2. Dung dch th hai cha Pb(NO3)2 Sau cng 1 thi gian (gii thch l s mol M d mi phn ng bng nhau), thanh kim loi nhng trong dung dch mui ch nng thm 19%. Thanh kim loi nhng trong dung dch mui Cu nh i 9,6%. Tm M? 12/ Mt hn hp c cng thc MX2 (X l 1 halogien). Ho tan 9,2 (g) MX2 vo nc thnh 100 ml dung dch A, chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. -Phn th nht, thm mt lng d dung dch AgNO3, thu c 2,4 (g) mui bc kt ta. -Phn th hai, thm mt lng d dung dch Na2CO3, thu c 2,1(g) mui cacbonat kt ta. a/ Xc nh cng thc ca MX2? b/ Tnh CM ca dung dch A? 13/ Ly 1,02 (g) hn hp Al v kim loi M (ho tr 2), cho tc dng va ht vi 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M to thnh dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, kt ta to thnh c ra cn thn, lm kh, nung n m=const, c 0,8 (g) cht rn. a/ Tm M? b/ Tnh % khi lng ca tng kim loi trong hn hp u?
24

c/ Nu vic ho tan hn hp u c thc hin trong 1 bnh kn c V=1lt, p sut ban u l 1at, t0 =00C=cenot th p sut lc cui l bao nhiu? 14/ t 2 cc A, B trn 2 a cn, dung dch HCl vo 2 cc, cn thng bng. Cho 26,5 (g) M2CO3 ( M l 1 kim loi kim) vo A. t t CaCO3 vo B, n khi cc phn ng 2 bn u xong, cn tr li thng bng, thy ht 27,678 (g) CaCO3. Cho bit lng dung dch HCl c cho cc phn ng. Xc nh M? 15/ Ly 3,6(g) hp kim ca K v 1 kim loi kim M, cho tc dng ht vi nc, thu c 1,12 lt H2 (KTC) Hi: a/ M c nguyn t khi b hn hay ln hn nguyn t khi ca K? b/ Nu cha s mol nguyn t ca M (% theo s mol nguyn t) trong hp kim ln hn 10% th M l kim loi no? Tnh % khi lng ca tng kim loi trong hp kim dng? 16/ Ly 19 (g) mui clorua ca 1 kim loi M thuc c nhm A, cho tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng, d thy gii phng ra 10,304 dm3 kh 40,950C, 1at. Cng lng mui , khi ho tan vo 81(g) nc, dung dch to ra c nng 2,5M ( d=1,25). Tm cng thc ca mui dung? 17/ Cho 5,4(g) hn hp 2 kim loi A, B vo dung dch H2SO4 long, thy thot ra 0,45 mol kh. Ho tr tng ng ca 2 kim loi trong hp cht l 2 v 3. T l s mol nguyn t tng ng trong hn hp ly l 3:1. Khi lng nguyn t ca B nh hn ca B 3 ln. Tm A, B? 18/ Mt hn hp 3 kim loi A, B, C u c ho tr 2 trong hp cht, nguyn t khi tng ng vi t l 3:5:7. T l s mol nguyn t tng ng trong hn hp ly l 4:2:1. Khi ho tan 4,64 (g) hn hp bng dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 3,659 lt hyr (684mm Hg 13,65 OC). a/ Tn ca cc kim loi trong hn hp a4 ly? b/ % khi lng ca tng kim loi trong hn hp? c/ Cn phi thm vo hn hp bao nhiu gam A, bao nhiu gam C, hm lng ca B gim i 10,36% v hm lng ca C khng i? 19/ Cho 100 (g) hn hp 2 mui Clorua ca cng 1 kim loi M c ho tr 2, 3, ho tan trong nc hon ton. Th dung dch NaOH 1M ti phn ng hon ton. hn hp 2 hyrxt ca M kt ta, trong M vn gi nguyn cc ho tr 2,3. Khi lng Hyrxt ca M c ho tr 2 l 19,8 (g) Khi lng ca mui clorua ca M c ho tr 2 bng nguyn t khi ca M Hi: a/ Xc dnh M? b/ Tnh % khi lng ca mi mui Clorua trong hn hp ly? c/ Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn cho th nghim? 20/ Ho tan 8 (g) hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi M ( M thuc nhm IIA) bng dung dch HCl d, thh thot ra 4,48lt H2 (KTC) Mt khc 4,8 (g) M tc dng khng ht 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M.
25

a/ Xc nh M? b/ % khi lng ca tng kim loi trong A? 21/ Ho tan 10(g) hp kim to bi 2 kim loi A, B trong dung dch H 2SO4 long, d, thu c 1,12 (l) kh (KTC) v khi lng ca hp kim ch gim i 2,3 (g). Nu ly 1(g) phn kim loi cn li, cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, d, thu c 224 ml NO2 (KTC). Tm cc kim loi A, B? 22/ kh 3,2 (g) 1 oxt ca 1 kim loi M, cn 1,344 lt hyr (KTC). Sau nu ho tan ht lng ca M to ra do s kh trn trong dung dch HCl d, lng H2 thot ra ch l 896 ml (KTC). Gii thch hin tng , xc nh M? 23.a/ in phn ht 33,3(g) MCl2 nng chy, vi cc in cc tr, thy thot ra 6,72 lt Cl2 (KTC). Xc nh M? b/ in phn dung dch mui MBr vi in cc tr, c mng ngn. Xc nh M? Bit rng: in phn 41,2(g) MBr, thu c 4,489 lt H2 (KTC). 24/ Xc nh nguyn t A, bit rng cc hp cht: Oxi cao nht v hp cht kh vi hyr ca A c cc hp cht sau: no- nH=0 (1) no v nH l ho tr vi 0 trong oxit cao nht v vi H trong hp cht kh
%H khivoiH 11 = ( 2) %O trongoxicaonhat 32

25/ Cc hp cht A, B, C l cc hp cht ca mt kim loi lm cho ngn la ng sang mu vng. -Khi A+BC Tu iu kin 0 B t D B C (trong nc) +D B A+D C A, B, C, D l nhng cht no? Dng phng trnh phn ng lp lun. 26/ Hai cc ng dung dch HCl t trn hai a cn A, B, cn thng bng. 1/ Cho a (g) CaCO3 vo A; b (g) M2CO3 (M l kim loi kim vo B). Sau khi cc phn ng xong, cn tr li thng bng. - Thit lp biu thc tnh khi lng nguyn t ca M theo a, b. Cho a=5(g); b=4,8 (g); tm M? - Cho 5 (g) CaCO3 vo A v X (g) NH4NO3 vo B. Mun cho sau khi phn ng xong, cn tr li thng bng th x c gi tr l my? - Cho 5(g) CaCO3 vo A. Cn bao nhiu gam Al(NO3)3 vo B, n khi B khng cn kt ta, cn thng bng? 27/Mt hp cht c cng thc MX2 ( X l halogien), ly 8,1 (g) MX2 ho tan ht vo nc, c d A. Chia dung dch A thnh 3 phn bng nhau. a/ Cho 1/3 dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, c 5,74(g) kt ta.
26

b/ Cho 1/3 dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, kt ta to ra sau khi ra sch, lm kh, nung n m=const, c 1,6 (g) cht rn. c/ Nhng 1 thanh kim loi B vo 1/3 dung dch A, sau khi phn ng xong, thy khi lng thanh kim loi tng 0,16 (g). Tm cng thc MX2? Nguyn t khi ca B? 28/ Trong 1 bnh kn dng dung dch HCl, ngi ta ho tan 8,3 (g) hn hp 2 kim loi Fe v M ( ho tr 3) thu c 5,6 lt H2 (KTC). A/ Xc nh M? Bit trong hn hp ly s mol cc kim loi u bbng nhau. b/ Sau khi ho tan ht hn hp trong HCl va , ngi ta cn cho vo dung dch thu c 400 ml dung dch NaOH thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Tnh CM ca dung dch NaOH dng? 29/ Cho 11,9 (g) hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ho tr tng ng l 2, 3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 8,96 lt H2 (KTC) Nguyn t khi ca A bng 2,4 ln nguyn t khi ca B, nhng s mol nguyn t ca A trong hn hp ly ch bng s mol nguyn t ca B. Tm A, B? 30/ Cho 21,6 (g) kim loi M ( thuc nhm IIIA) vo 1 bnh kn cha 0,672 lt O2 KTC, nung ln c cht rn A. Sau phn ng O2 ht. Ho tan ht A trong 10 ml dung dch H2SO4 98% 9 d=1,84) v un nng c dung dch B v kh SO2. Ton b SO2 tc dng vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, to ra 3,56 (g) hn hp 2 mui. a/ Xc nh M? b/ Cho t t dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch B cho n khi kt ta va tan hon ton cn Vml. Tnh V=? BI TP V CHT KH I/ nh lut Avogadro: Nhng iu kin bn ngoi nh nhau (cng nhit , cng p sut), nhng th tch bng nhau ca mi cht kh u cha cng mt s phn t. II/ Mt s h qu ca nh lut Avogadro a/ Th tch mol phn tca cht kh: - nhng iu kin bn ngoi nh nhau, mt mol phn t ca mi kh chim mt th tch sp x bng nhau. V= M/D - nhng iu kin tiu chun v nhit , p sut (O0C hay 273 0K; 1at hay 760 mm Hg), mt mol phn t ca mi kh chim mt th tch xp x bng nhau v bng 22,4 lt (hay 22,4dm3) b/ T khi ca 1 cht kh: 1/ T khi ca 1kh vi 1 cht kh khc:

27

m VA A = 1 = DA 224 D A MA d H 2 m1VB D = 22,4 D = M B B B

2/ T khi ca 1 kh vi hyro DA/H2 = M

MA
H2

MA 2 MA

3/ T khi ca 1 kh so vi khng kh = M KK KK c/ Vi cc phn ng gia cc cht kh. H s ca cc cng thc trong phng trnh phn ng gia cc cht kh, cng cho bit t l th tch ca cc cht kh tham gia v to thnh trong cc phn ng . T cc h qu c nh lut Avogadro, ta c cc cng thc sau tnh khi lng mol phn t v phn t khi ca cc cht. MA= 22,4.DA (1) MA= d A/B (2) MA=2 d A/H2 (3) MA=29 dA (4) Vi 1 lng kh nht nh, p dng pht trng thi
T0V0 T1V1 T2V2 = = =R T0 T1 T2

DA/KK=dA= 22,4 D

22,4.D A

R l hng s kh R = 0,082 (g, oK, lt kh al) R c cc ch s R = 62400 (g) 0K, ml mmHg) Khi y nhit T0V0 = TV Khi y nhit p
V0 V = T T0 VA a = VB b

Bi tp v phn t khi trung bnh vi hn hp, A,B, s mol ln lt l a, b cng iu kin vi hai cht kh M=

BT thun: 1/ Tnh M Kkh bit Kkh gm N2, O2 ; % N2 = 79% (theo V) % O2 = 21% 2/ Hn hp A gm CO, CO2 trong CO chim 25% theo V. a/ Tnh dA /H2 = ? b/ Tnh khi lng 1 lt A 270C, 1 at Bi tp nghch: Bit M , tnh thnh phn 1/ Hn hp A gm CH4 , O2 , DA =1 g/dm3 (KTC) Tnh % theo v v theo khi lng ca tng cht trong A?
28

aM A + bM B . Khi MB <MA MB < M <MA a+b

2/ Tnh VO2 cn t chy ht 3 lt hn hp CH4 , C2H6 . Bit dhn hp = 0,6. Bi tp 1/ Tnh V0 ca mt hn hp kh, gm (g) N2 vo 30(g) H2? 2/ Tm khi lng ca 11 lt kh hn hp A gm CO, CO2 (KTC), bit trong A: VCO:VCO2= 8:3 3/ Tnh th tch 270C, 780 mnHg ca mt hn hp kh gm 14 (g) N2 v 7(g)CO? 4/ khi lng ca 400 ml kh A (KTC) bng 1,036(g). Tnh dA/H2=? 5/ A c 2 nguyn t. t chy ht 12 lt A, thu c 6 lt N 2 v 18 lt hi nc. Cc th tch o cng iu kin? Tm cng thc phn t ca A? 6/ Hn hp X th kh, gm 1VA (A c 2 nguyn t v 1 VH2. Lm n hn hp X, thu c hi nc v 1VN2. Cc th tch o cng iu kin. Tm cng thc phn t ca A? 7/ Trn 1 VNO, 2VO2 c hn hp kh A. Tnh % th tch ca tng kh trong A? Bit tt c NO bin i thnh NO2. 8/ t ZnS ht trong khng kh, thu c kh A. tnh % th tch ca kh SO2 trong A? 9/ Sau khi lm n 20 ml hn hp A gm H2, O2 thy cn li 3,2ml. Cc th tch c cng iu kin. Tnh % v th tch ca tng kh trong A? 10/ t chy 50 ml hn hp A gm CO, O2, sau a v iu kin ban u, thu c 37,5 ml hn hp B. Tnh % th tch ca mi cht trong A? trong B? 11/ Ly 26,2(g) hn hp A gm Na2S, Na2CO3 cho tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c hn hp kh B, c d B/H2=18,67. Tnh thnh phn khi lng ca tng cht trong A? Thnh phn theo th tch ca tng cht trong B? 12/ 28 lt hn hp kh A gm CO, CO2 (910C, 1 at). C khi lng l 30(g) Tnh % theo th tch v % theo khi lng ca tng cht trong A? 13/ Cho hi nc i qua C nung , thu c 100 cm3 hn hp kh . Cho A i t t qua dung dch KOH c, d, th tch kh b gim i 5 cm3. Tnh % theo th tch ca tng cht trong A? 14/ Phu ly H2 v CH4 theo t l v th tch th no, to ra hn hp A, m nu t 1VA cn 1 Vo2 ( cng iu kin)? 15/ Ly 448 ml hn hp kh A gm C 2H6, C3H6,, C2H2 cho tc dng va ht vi 2 ml Br2 (D=1,6g/ml) -Cng lng hn hp A nh trn em t chy ht. Lng CO2 to ra tc dng vi Th tch dung dch KOH 1M nh nht l 50 ml. Tnh % v th tch ca tng cht trong A? (Bnh th tch kh o KTC) 16/ Hn hp kh A gm H2, 1 anken v 1 ankin ( anken v ankin c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t) -Ly 90 ml A, t chy ht, thu c 120 ml CO2. -Ly 90 ml A, un vi Ni, thu c 40ml mt ankan duy nht.
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Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Tnh % theo th tch ca tng cht trong A? 17/ Hn hp kh A gm H2, CO, CH4, d A/H2=7,8. dt chy ht 1V ca A cn 1,4 V ca O2 ( cng K) tnh % th tch ca tng cht trong A? 18/ Hn hp A gm Ca, CaC2 cho tc dng ht vi nc, thu c hn hp kh B, d B/H2=5. tc dng ht dung dch thu c trn ( dung dch C) cn 600 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. a/ Vit phng trnh phn ng. Tnh % theo th tch ca tng cht trong B? b/ Tnh khi lng ca tng cht trong A? 19/ Hn hp kh A gm N2, C2H4, O2, d A/H2= 14,8. t chy ht 1VA cn 0,2 Vo2 ( cng iu kin). Tnh % theo th tch ca tng cht trong A? 20/ Hn hp kh A gm propan v butan. t chy ht 33,6 lt A(KTC). Sn phm thu c cho i ht vo 5 lt dung dch NaOH, thu c 252 (g) NaHCO3 v 286,2 (g) NaCO3. a/ Tnh % theo th tch ca tng cht trong A? b/ Tnh CM ca dung dch NaOH dng? 21/ Hn hp A gm etan v propan. Ly 5,6 lt A (KTC) t chy ht, sn phm to ra c i ht vo 1 dung dch cha 32(g) NaOH. a/ Tnh % th tch ca tng cht trong A? b/ Tnh khi lng tng mui trong B? 22/ Cho 1 lung khng kh kh (VN2=4VO2) qua C rong , c hn hp kh A. 1/ Phn tch A, thy c 5% th tch l CO 2 v khng c O2. Tnh % v th tch ca tng cht trong A? 2/ Khi lng than dung ht 2 kg. Tnh th tch kh A thu c KTC. Bit than c 4% tro. 3/ Khi t chy ht A trong khng kh kh, thu c hn hp kh A. Tnh % th tch ca cc kh trong A? (Lng khng kh kh va ) 23/ Hn hp kh A gm CH4, H2, CO. Trn 100 cm3 A vi 200 cm3 02, gy phn ng n. Th tch kh b gim i 140 cm3. Dung dch KOH d hp th ht 50cm3 trong phn kh cn li. a/ Tnh % theo th tch ca tng cht trong A? (Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin) b/ Cho 1 cm3 A (KTC) i qua CuO nng. Hi khi lng ng ng CuO gim i bao nhiu mg? 24/ Hn hp A c d A/H2=3,6. Sau khi gy phn ng vi cht xc tc thch hp trong 1 bnh kn, c hn hp B, trong cng iu kin c VB=0,7 VA a/ Tm d B/H2? b/ Tnh % theo th tch ca tng kh trong A? Trong B? Nu A gm N2 v H2. c/ Hiu sut ca qu trnh tng hp NH3?
30

25/ Nung hn hp gm 24 (g) bt S v 70 (g) bt Fe u phn ng ho tan c hn hp A. Ho tan A trong dung dch HCl d, c kh B. a/ Kh B l kh g? b/ Tnh % theo th tch ca tng kh trong B? 26/ Hn hp A th kh, gm 1 ankan, 1 anken v H 2 ( an kan v anken c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t). -Ly 100 cm3 A, em t chy, thu c 210cm3CO2. -un nng 100 cm3 A vi Ni, thu c70 cm3 1 ankan duy nht. a/ Tnh % theo th tch ca tng cht trong A? b/ Cng thc phn t ca cc hyrocacbon trong A? c/ A nng hay nh hn khng kh? d/ Tnh VO2 cn t chy ht 100 cm3A? 27/ hn hp A c 25% CH4, 75% C3H6 theo th tch. a/ A nng hay nh hn khng kh? b/ Ly 1 lt A (KTC) cho i vo 1 dung dch cha 3,632(g) Br, thot ra hn hp kh B. Tnh % th tch ca tng cht trong B? Cho bit: -Cc phn ng u c H=100% -Nc brm v sn phm phn ng khng b ko theo. 28/ Mt bnh kn A c V=17,92 lt ng hn hp kh C2H2, H2(KTC) v mt t bt Ni. un nng bnh mt thi gian, sau lm lnh ti 0 0C, p sut trong bnh l P. a/ Ly lng kh cn trong A, cho tc dng vi dung dch Ag 2O trong dung dch NH3, thu c 1,2 (g) kt ta mu vng. Tnh khi lng C2H2 cn trong A? b/ Cho lng kh cn trong A ln qua nc brm d, khi lng bnh ng nc brm tng thm 0,41(g). Tnh khi lng C2H4 to ra trong A? c/ Tnh P? bit d hn hpu/H2=4. Th tch bnh A khng i, th tch bt Ni khng ng k. 29/ Hn hp M gm H2, CH4, C2H4. -Cho 1V ca M li qua nc brm d, thy 0,5 V c brm hp th nh phn ng cng. -Oxi ho hon ton 1V ca M, sn phm ca s oxi ho ny lm cho khi lng cc bnh cha bt tm H2SO4 c, tng thm 0,252(g), cn ca cc ng cha NaOH tng thm 0,44(g). a/ Tnh % v th tch ca cc cht trong M? b/ Tm gi tr ca v? ( Cc th tch kh u o KTC) 30/ Mt bnh kn cha hn hp A gm H2, CO, O2 (ly d) 300C t hn hp trn sau a v -300C, thy p sut gim 2 ln (so vi ban u). Ngi ta cho tip vo bnh, mt lng d dung dch NaOH, a bnh v
31

-300C. Khi p sut trong bnh ngng thay i, ngi ta nhn thy p sut gim 10 ln ( cng so vi ban u). Tnh % v th tch ca mi kh trong A? (B qua th tch cc cht rn). 31/ Trong 1 bnh kn, ngi ta lm n 8,1 (g) hn hp H2, Cl2. Kh thu c cho i qua 1 dung dch cha 50(g) NaOH, thy khi lng ca dung dch tng 8,1(g). Tnh % v th tch v % v khi lng ca H2 c th c ti a trong hn hp u? 32/ Cho 1 lt hn hp A gm etan, etylen v propylene tc dng vi 1 lt H2 ( c Ni nng). Khi phn ng kt thc, th tch kh thu c l 1,5 lt, d A/H2=15,9. Th tch cc kh o cng iu kin. Tnh % th tch ca tng cht trong A? 33/ Cho hi nc i qua than nng , c 11,2 lt kh A. t chy ht hn hp A cn 4,48 lt O2. a/ Tnh % th tch ca tng cht trong A? b/ Ly 1,12 lt A, cho i qua 1 ng cha 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M, sau thm tip dung dch BaCl2 d, lc kt ta to thnh. 1/ Tnh khi lng kt ta? 2/ Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cn dung trung ho NaOH cn trong nc lc. (Cc th thch kh u o KTC). 34/ Trn 2 lt H2 vi 2 lt hn hp A ( gm CH4, C2H4) . Cho ton b hn hp qua Pr nng. Sau phn ng th tch gim xung cn 3,2 lt. Tnh % V ca CH4 trong A? 35/ Trn 100 ml hn hp A (cha C2H2, CO2, N2) vi 200 ml O2, lm n hn hp thu c, a v iu kin ban u, th tch kh thu c l 210 ml . Cho hn hp kh cn li qua dung dch NaOH d, th tch kh ch cn 60 ml. (Th tch cc kh o cng iu kin) Tnh % th tch ca tng kh trong A? 36/ Mt hn hp A gm propylene, butylen, butan c d A/H2=26,1. 2,8 lt A (KTC) tc dng va ht vi 1 dung dch cha 16 (g) brm. Tnh th tch khng kh cn t chy ht 20 lt A ( cng iu kin). 37/ Tnh Vo2 cn t chy 40 lt A gm CO, CO2? Bit: 7,2 (g) A 270C, 3at c V=2,05 Lt. 38/ Trong 1 bnh kn c V=10 lt (khng c khng kh) cha 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M, tc dng v ht 55(g) hn hp A gm Na2SO3 v Na2CO3. Sau khi phn ng xong a bnh v 470C. Gi thit th tch bnh v th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k. a/ Tnh khi lng mi mui trong A? b/ Tnh p sut trong bnh sau phn ng? c/ Nu trn hn hp kh thu c trn ( gm CO2, SO2) vi O2 th thu c hn hp kh B, vi d B/H2=21,71. Cho B qua cht xc tc, un nng, thu c hn hp kh C, m
32

d C/H2 =22,35. Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh chuyn ho SO2 thnh SO3 v % theo th tchca tng cht trong C? 39/ Ngi ta t chy ht 6,5(g) 1 loi than nhit thch hp. To ra mt hn hp A gm CO, CO2. Cho hn hp A t t qua 1 ng ng CuO nng . Sau khi phn ng xong cht rn cn li trong ng c khi lng l 18 (g). Cho lng cht rn tan trong dung dch HCl, thy lng cht tan ch bng12,5% so vi lng cht khng tan. Kh ra khi ng ng CuO c hp th ht bi lt dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,2M, thu c 59,1 gam kt ta. Ly nc lc un si li c thm kt ta. Hi: a/ Lng cht rn khng tan trong dung dch HCl? b/ Khi lng kt ta thm khi un si dung dch nc lc? c/ % v th tch ca tng kh trong A? d/ % v khi lng ca C trong loi than dng? ( Th tch cc kh u xc nh KTC). 40/ t chy 1 lng S trong 1 bnh kn c V=8,96 lt . Cha 1 hn hp kh A gm N2, O2, SO2 vi t l tng ng l 3:1:1 (KTC) Sau khi t chy xong, a v nhit ban u, thu c 1 hn hp kh B, d B/A=1,08. Hi: a/ p sut trong bnh trc v sau phn ng c thay i khng? V sao? b/ % v th tch ca hn hp kh thu c sau khi t? c/ Tnh khi lng S chy? d/ Chng minh rng, trong trng hp cho: 1 d B/A 1,18 Gii thch nguyn nhn? 41/ Ho tan ht 8,32 (g) Cu vo 3 lt dung dch HNO3, thu c dung dch A v 4,928 lt hn hp kh B gm NO, NO2 (KTC). a/ Tnh DB ( KTC)? b/ Cho 16,2 (g) Al tc dng ht vi dung dch A, thu c hn hp kh C (cha NO, N2) v dung dch D. Tnh th tch (KTC) ca mi kh NO, NO2 trong C, bit d C/H2=14,4. c/ trung ho ht dung dch D, cn 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1,3M. Tnh CM ca HNO3 trong dung dch dng? 42/ Khng c c cha 21% O2 theo th tch, phn cn li l N2. 1/ thm x ml H2 vo 1 ng th cha 10 ml khng kh p trn 1 chu nc. Bt tia la in t chy hn hp. Sau phn ng th tch kh cn li l 7,9 ml. Tnh x=? 2/ Nu cho y ml H2 vo ng th nh trn. Sau khi tin hnh th nghim, th tch kh cn li l2 8,5 ml. Tnh y=? 3/ Cho z ml kh NO vo ng th nh trn, sau khi phn ng xong, th tch kh cn li l 7,9ml, tnh z=? 4/ Cho z = 4,2 ml, tin hnh th nghim nh trn. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, th tch kh cn li l bao nhiu?
33

( Cc th tch kh c xc nh trong cng iu kin) 43/ Cho 2 hn hp A, B u gm CO v O2. 1,5 lt A 300C; 688,3 mmHg co khi lng l 5,3 (g). a/ Tnh khi lng mi kh trong A? b/ Khi lng ring ca cc kh trn cc iu kin ca th nghim? c/ d A/KK? Bit 1 lt khng kh KTC c khi lng l 1,293(g). 2/ Hn hp B, c d B/H2=15. Tnh % v th tch ca cc cht trong B? 3/ Trong 1 bnh kn c V=4 Lt cha B KTC. Sau khi t chy ht hn hp, ngui bnh n 00C. a/ p sut trong bnh thay i n khong no? b/ Nu p sut sau phn ng l 665 mmHg th % v th tch ca cc kh sau phn ng l bao nhiu? p sut gy ra bi mi kh l bao nhiu? Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng? 44/ Cho 291,2 ml hn hp A (KTC) gm CO2, CO, H2, N2 i qua dung dch NaOH d, th tch kh cn li ( hn hp B) l 268,8ml. un nng hn hp B vi hi nc ( c xc tc), phn ng xy ra theo phng trnh phn ng sau vi hiu sut 50% : CO+H2O=CO2+H2 dn kh thu c qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c 0,2955 (g) kt ta v hn hp kh C vi VC=268,8 ml. Ly 1/10 hn hp C trn vi th tch tng ng kh O 2. t chy ht hn hp, a v O0C, th tch kh cn li l 30,24 ml. Xc nh % theo th tch ca cc kh trong A? (Th tch cc kh u xc nh KTC). 45/ Khi nung 4,52(g) hn hp A gm KCl, KClO3, MnO2, kh thu c c th tch l 1 lt (KTC). Ho tan cht rn thu c sau khi nung vo nc, lc ly dung dch, ri thm dn dung dch AgNO3 n d, kt ta thu c c khi lng l 5,74(g). 1/ Tnh khi lng ca cc cht trong A? 2/ un kt tu vi H2SO4 c. tnh th tch KTC ti a ca kh to ra? 3/ Nu cho kt ta phn ng vi H2SO4 c, nng v MNO2 th th tch KTC ti a ca kh thu c l bao nhiu? 4/ Nu un kt ta trn vi H2SO4 c, MnO2 to ra hn hp 2 kh trn, c dhn hp/khng kh=2,24.Tnh th tch KTC ca tng kh? 46/ Khi ho tan Zn trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 650 ml hn hp kh A gm N2, N2O, NO, v dung dch B -Trn 100ml A vi 100 ml H2, t chy, th tch kh cn li l 95 ml. -Trn 100 ml a vi 50 ml 02, t chy, cho hn hp kh thu c tc dng vi dung dch KOH d th th tch kh cn li l 105 ml. a/ Tnh % v th tch ca tng kh trong A? b/ Tnh dA/H2? c/ trung ho lng axt cn trong dung dch B, phi dung 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,2M. Tnh lng HNO3 dng
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Cho bit: -Th tch cc kh u o KTC -N2O, NO u tc dng vi H2 to ra N2 v H2O. -N2O khng phn ng vi O2 v dung dch kim. 47/ Sau khi crackinh, butan, ngi ta thu c hn hp kh A gm cc hyr ccbon. xc nh thnh phn ca hn hp A, ngi ta cho 22,4 lt A qua nc Brm d, thy cn li 13,44 lt hn hp B. Ly 0,6 lT B t chy ht to ra 1,5 lt CO2 ( Cc th tch kh u o KTC) a/ Tnh % v th tch ca tng cht trong A? b/ Khi lng ca bnh nc brm tng, gim bao nhiu? c/ Hiu sut ca qu trnh crackinh? d/ Nu ly tt c lng anken c trong 100 m3 A (27,30C; 2,464 at) em trng hp th thu c bao nhiu polyme? Bit hiu sut trng hp vi mi anken u l 60%. Bi tp c lin quan n p sut 1/ Trong 1 bnh kn c V 500ml, cha 50 ml dung dch HCl 25% ( d=1,124). Cho 0,5(g) Zn lm kn bnh. Hi sau khi phn ng xong, p sut trong bnh l bao nhiu? Bit nhit l 0 0 C v khng i p sut ban u l 760 mm Hg. 2/ t chy 200 ml hn hp A gm CO v O 2, sau a v iu kin ban u, thu c hn hp B c V=150 ml ( H=100%). a/ Tnh % v th tch cu tng cht trong A? b/ Nu phn ng thc hin trong 1bnh kn c V=const, t0=const th p sut thay i th no? 3/ Trong 1 bnh kn V=A lt, thm B (g) CaCO3 nung cho phn ng hon ton, lm ngui n 00C. p sut trong bnh lc u l 1 at. Hi p sut lc cui l bao nhiu? 4/ Hn hp A gm C2H4; H2 c d A/H2=7,5. un A1 thi gian c Ni xc tc th thu c hn hp B, vi d B/H2=9. a/ Tnh % th tch ca tng kh trong A? b/ Gii tch v sao d c/ Tnh % v th tch ca tng cht trong B? d/ Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng? e/ Nu qu trnh trn, thc hin trong 1 bnh kn c V=con st, t0=const th p sut thay i th no? 5/ Trong 1 bnh kn V=5Lt, cha 1 t than v nc (khng c khng kh). Nung nng bnh 1 thi gian, gi s ch xy ra 2 phn ng: C+H2O=CO+H2 C+2H2O=CO2+2H2
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Sau lm lnh n O0C, p sut l P. a/ Cho hn hp kh to ra (hn hp A) qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thu c 1,97(g) kt ta. Tnh s gam CO2 to ra trong A? b/ t chy ht A ln 2,464 lt O2 9 KTC). Tnh % v th tch ca tng kh trong A? c/ Tnh P? bit Vbnh=const, th tch cht rn khng ng k. 6/ Mt bnh kn cha 1 hn hp kh gm 1 VC2H2, 2VO2 1500C. Gy phn ng n, a v nhit ban u. Hi p sut trong bnh thay i th no? 7/ Mt bnh kn c V=6cm3, c chia thnh 2 phn bng 1 vch ngn. Trong ngn th nht ng HCl, p=3at Trong ngn th hai ng NH3, p=2at Hi sau khi ph vch ngn, p sut trong bnh l bao nhiu? Bit 0 0 t =0 C=const. 8.a/ Phi un nng 1 cht kh KTC, n nhit no s phn t cha trong n v th tch gim xung 2 ln (p sut khng ) b/ Nu -900C; p=1,64 at, khi lng ca 300 lt kh A l 1 kg. Tnh d A/H2=? c/ Tm khi lng ca 1025 phn t kh . Khi lng kh ny chim th tch 100 lt (270C) th p sut l bao hniu? 9.a/ C bao nhiu lt SO2 to ra ( KTC), khi dt S trong 19 lt 0 2(270C, 740 mmHg). b/ Khi mS=30(g); lng S tha hay thiu? Tha hay thiu l bao nhiu? c/ Nu phn ng thc hin trong bnh c V=10Lt, th p sut trong bnh sau phn ng l bao nhiu? Bit nhit sau phn ng l 270C. 10.a/ Tm khi lng ca 1 lt hn hp kh A cha 40% CO; 60%CO 2 ( v th tch) 270C, 1at, dA/H2=? b/ Nu KTC, 10 lt hn hp B cha 2 kh trn c khi lng l 14,5(g), th dB/H2=? Tnh % v th tch ca tng kh trong B? c/ Cho lng hn hp B ( trn) vo bnh c V=5 lt, 270C th p sut trong bnh l bao nhiu? 14/ Trong 1 bnh kn c 1 hn hp A gm H2 (d) CH4, C2H4 v 1 t bt Ni, p sut l P. un cho phn ng hon ton, a v nhit ban u, p sut sau phn ng l 0,75P. t 1 VA cn 1,5 VO2 ( cng iu kin) Tnh % th tch ca tng cht trong A? 12/Nung 2,9 (g) FeCO3 trong 1 bnh kn c v=2Lt ng y O2.( KTC) Tnh p sut trong bnh sau khi nung cho cc phn ng hon ton v lm ngui sn phm phn ng n nhit ban u?

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13/ p sut ca 1 hn hp kh trong bnh kn thay i th no, khi trong bnh lc u c cha 1 mlo N2, 4 Mol H2 v sau phn ng c lng N2 bin i thnh NH3 Bit t0=const. 14/ Khi un hn hp A gm C2H4, CHl ( c xc tc) trong 1 bnh kn, sau a v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc u l P, p sut sau phn ng l 0,75 P. Tnh % th tch ca tng kh trong A? 15/ Trong 1 bnh kn c V=2 lt, cha sn 1 dm3 nc ct v 0,7 mol O2. Thm 0,2 mlo CaC2 vo bnh, gy phn ng n, ngui n nhit ca phng ri lc k bnh n khi dung dch khng cn vn c. 1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong bnh? 2/ Sau phn ng trong bnh c nhng cht g? 3/ Nng % ca cht tan trong dung dch? 4/ Khi kt thc th nghim, p sut trong bnh l bao nhiu, nu nhit ca phng ln hn 00C v p sut ban u khi chia cho CaC2 l 17,5 at. 5/ Lng CaC2 v O2 phi ly nh th no, to ra p sut trong bnh trc khi dt l 22,4 at 00C. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i. 16/ Hn hp A gm Cl2, O2. A phn ng va ht vi hn hp B gm 4,8(g) Mg; 8,1(g)Al to ra 37,05 (g) hn hp oxt v mui clorua ca 2 kim loi. Xc nh % v V; % v khi lng ca tng cht trong A? 17/ c hn hp A gm 02,03. Sau mt thi gian O3 b phn hu ht, thu c 1 cht kh duy nht c th tch tng 2%. Xc nh % v th tch ca tng cht trong A? 18/ Hn hp A gm O2, 03; d A/H2=19,2 Hn hp B gm H2, CO; d B/H2=3,6 a/ Tnh % v th tch ca tng cht trong A? trong B? b/ Tnh s mol hn hp A cn dung dt chy hon ton mol B? ( Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). BI TP V LP CNG THC Cc bi tp v lp cng thc phn t ca cc cht bao gm cc dng: -Lp cng thc theo thnh phn *Thnh phn s mol nguyn t, hay s nguyn t *Thnh phn theo khi lng hoc thnh phn % v khi lng. -Lp cng thc da vo h qu ca nh lut Avogadro -Lp cng thc da vo tnh cht ca nhm chc -Kt hp 2 trong cc loi trn. 1/ Lp cng thc ca 1 xit st, trong st chim 70% v khi lng. 2/ Mt cht A cha 15,8% Al; 28,1%S; 56,1%O. Tm cng thc n gin (TCG) ca cht ? 3/ thit lp CT ca tinh th mui kp, st v amoni sunfat ngm nc, ngi ta tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
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Ly 28,92(g) tinh th mui kp cho vo nc, ly dung dch to thnh, thm 1 lng d dung dch kim, thu c 1344cm3 kh bay ra ( KTC) v 1 cht kt ta mu nu . Khi nung kt ta n m =const th thu c 4,8 (g) cht rn. Tm cng thc ca tinh th mui kp dng 4/ Mt cht A c thnh phn: 77,4%C; 7,5%H; 15,1%N. d hi A/KK=3,21. a/ Tm CTG ca A? b/ Tm cng thc nguyn phn t ( CTNPT) ca A? 5/ t chy ht 2,3(g) A, thu c 4,4(g) CO2; 2,7(g)H2 DhiA/H2=23. a/ Tm CTG ca A? b/ Tm CTNPT ca A? 6/ t chy ht 3(g) cht A, thu c 4,48 lt CO2 v 6,72 lt hi nc. 1m3 hi A c khi lng l 1,34 kg (Cc th tch kh v hi u o KTC) a/ Tm CTPT ca A? Tnh th tch khng kh cn t 1 lt hi A (o cng iu kin). Cho bit VO2=1/5 VKK. 7/ Dt chy ht 9,2(g) 1 cht A thu c 0,4 mol CO2 v 10,8 (g) H20. dhi A=1,586. a/ Tm CTG ca A? b/ Tm CTNPT ca A? 8/ t chy ht 1lng ca A cn 25,6(g) O2, thu c 26,4 (g) CO2 v 10,8 (g) H2O.dhi A/H2=29. a/ Tm CTPT ca A? b/ Tnh th tch khng kh (KTC0 cn t chy ht 0,2 mol A? 9/ t chy ht 18 (g) A cn 16,8 lt O2 (KTC). Sn phm to ra l kh CO2, hi nc c t l vi th tch: VCO2:Vhi nc=3:2 a/ Tm CTG ca A? b/ Tm CTPT ca A? 10/ tc dng ht vi 46,4(g), 1 xt st, cn 800 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Xc nh cng thc ca xt st? 11/ T khi hi ca 1 hyr cacbon mch thng l 2,483. t chy ht 1V hi ca cht ny cn 40 V khng kh ( cng iu kin) Hy xc nh CTPT, cng thc election, CTCT v gi tn hyr cacbon ? 12/ 1 hn hp kh X gm 2 hyrccbon A, B, c cng cng thc C nHx. Trong phn t ca A v B c t nht 1 lin kt 3. a/ t 10 cm3X, thu c 400 cm3CO2 ( cng iu kin) b/ Cho 100 cm3 X (KTC) i qua dung dch AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 d, thy c kt ta hin ra, khi lng dung dch tng 96,2 mg, khi lng kt ta l 0,2875(g) -Xc nh CTPT ca A, B, vit CTCT ca A, B -Tnh % theo th tch ca tng cht trong X? 13/ Mt hn hp X gm 1 anken A v H2, dX=0,68. dn hn hp X qua bt Ni nng phn ng hon ton, ta c hn hp Y cha H2, dY=1,034.
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a/ Tnh % th tch ca tng cht trong X? b/ CTPT ca A? CTCT ca cc ng phn? c/ Tnh % th tch ca tng cht trong Y? 14/ nh lng 1 hn hp G1 c V=1120 cm3, cha ankan, 1 anken v H2 theo cch sau: -Cho G1 qua bt Ni 3500C, thu c 1 hn hp G2 c V=896 cm3 -Cho G2 qua nc brm, thy nc brm nht mu 1 phn, khi lng ca bnh nc brm thng thm 0,63(g). Hn hp kh cn li l G3 c V=560 cm3, c dGB/H2=17,8. Tm: a/ Th tch H2 trong G1? b/ Phn t khi, cng thc, tn, v th tch ca anken trong G1. c/Cng thc v tn ca ankan trong G1? d/ % v khi lng ca tng cht trong G1 cho bit: -Cc phn ng u hon ton -Th tch cc kh u o KTC 15/ Hn hp A gm H2, 1 ankan v 2 aken k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. ly 260cm3 A cho i qua ng cha Ni nng c 448 cm 3 hn hp A1. Cho A1 li qua bnh nc Br2 lm cho bnh nc brm nht mu 1 phn, khi lng ca bnh tng 0,345(g). Hn hp A2 i ra khi bnh nc brm c V=280 cm3 v c dA2=1,283. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng, xc nh CTPT v % theo th tch ca cc cht trong A? Cho bit: -Cc phn ng u hon ton -Th tch cc kh o KTC -2 anken phn ng vi tc bng nhau. 16/ Mt hn hp A gm H2 , 1 anken c dA/H2 = 9. Cho A qua Ni nng, c hn hp B (H = 100%), c dB/H2 = 15. Tm CTPT ca anken trong A? % th tch ca tng cht trong A? Trong B? 17/ Cho vo 1 kh nhin k 10cm3 hidr cacbon A v 70cm3 O2, gy phn ng n. Sau khi lm ngng Fa ht hi nc v a v k ban u, th tch cn li l 50cm3, trong c 30cm3 b kim hp th, phn cn li b P trng hp th. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A? 18/ Cho 1 th tch Vo ca 1 hidr cacbon v 1 th tch O 2 v vo 1 kh nhin k. Bn tia la in t chy hn hp, sau a v cc iu kin ban u. Th tch Vo ca hidr cacbon b oxi ha bi V 1 kh O2 v to ra V2 kh CO2 v 1 lng H2O. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca hidr cacbon trong cc trng hp sau. a/ V0 = 10 cm3 ; V1 = 20 cm3 ; V2 = 10 cm3 . b/ V2 = 2 V0 ; V1 = 3V0 c/ V2 = 2 V0 ; V1 = 2,5 V0 d/ V0 = a V1 = b; V2 = c. 19/ Tm cng thc ca 1 anken A, bit rng t 1 VA cn 3,5 Vo2 ( cng iu kin)?
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20/ t chy mt hn hp kh gm hidr cacbon A, vi O2 (va ). Xc nh CTPT ca A? Bit th tch ca hn hp u, bng 2 ln th tch ca CO2 to ra? 21/ t chy hn hp gm hi hidr cacbon A v O2 (va ) . Th tch hn hp u bng 1,6 ln th tch ca CO2 to ra. Tm CTPT ca A? 22/ Mt hn hp A gm 2 anken, ng ng lin tip, c dA /H2 = 19,2. a/ Tnh % th tch ca tng cht trong A? b/ Tm CTPT ca cc anken trong A? 23/ Mt hn hp A gm CH4 v 1 hidr cacbon B t chy ht 1 lt A, cn 3,05 lt O2 , to ra 1,7 lt1 CO2 . Cc th tch cng iu kin. a/ Chng minh B l 1 anken b/ Nu dB/H2 = 7,5, B l cht g? Tnh % theo th tch ca tng cht trong A? 24/ t chy 8,8 (g) hn hp A gm 2 anken thu c 13,4 CO2 (K tc). a/ Tnh s mol hn hp A? b/ Tnh th tch O2 KTC cn t chy ht 4,4 (g) A c/ Tnh CTPT ca cc cht trong A? Bit trong A th tch ca cc cht bng nhau. 25/ Hn hp A gm 2 hidr cacbon mch thng c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t. t chy ht 0,04 mol A, cc sn phm c ln lt dn qua bnh th nht ng H2 SO4 c, bnh th hai ng Ba (OH)2 , thy khi lng bnh th nht tng 2,34 (g) ; bnh th 2 tng 7,4 (g). a/ Xc nh CTPT ca cc hidr cacbon? b/ Tnh % theo th tch ca tng cht trong A? 26/ t chy 3 lt hn hp A gm 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (KTC). Sn phm to ra dn qua bnh th nht ng CaCl2 bnh th hai ng dung dch KOH c, thy khi lng bnh th nht tng 6,43 (g). Bnh th hai tng 9,82 (g). a/ Tm CTPT ca 2 ankan? b/ Tnh % th tch ca tng cht trong A? 27/ A, B, D, l 3 hidr cacbon th kh, khi KTC, trong phn t ca mi cht c khng qu 2 lin kt mch h. 1/ Hn hp X gm A v H2 4,3 (g) X tc dng va ht 800 (g) dung dch Br2 3%. 4,3 (g) X chy ht cn 15,2 (g) O2. 2/ Hn hp Y gm B v H2; dY/H2=6,2 Cho Y vo 1 bnh kn c Ni nng. Khi phn ng hon ton c hn hp Y1, dY1/H2=10,33 3/ Hn hp Z gm D v CO2; dZ/He=9,4
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ly 9,4(g) Z t chy ht, sn phm cho i qua nc vo trong thy c 15 (g) kt ta. Nc lc khi tc dng vi lng NaOH va , cho 10 (g) kt ta. -Tm CTPT ca A, B, D? -Tnh % v th tch ca cc cht trong X, Y, Z? 28/ t chy ht V lt hn hp A gm 2 hyr cacbon, iu kin thng th kh, c khi lng mol hn km nhau 28 (g). Sn phm to thnh c ln lt dn qua bnh th nht ng P 2O5V ( d), bnh th hao ng CaO d. Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh th nht tng thm 9 (g), bnh th hai tng them 13,2(g) Hi: a/ Cc hyr cacbon thuc dy ng ng no? b/ Nu i v tr ca 2 bnh, th khi lng cc bnh tng thm bao nhiu? Gii thch? c/ Tnh th tch O2 ( KTC), cn t chy ht V lt hn hp A? d/ Tnh % v th tch ca tng cht trong A? 29/ Thm 900 ml O2 (d) vo 400 ml hn hp gm 1 hyr ccbon A vi N2, gy phn ng n. Th tch hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng l 1,4.......sau khi ngng t ht hi nc cn li l 800 ml. Cho hn hp kh cn li sc qua dung dch KOH d, th tch kh cn li l 400 ml. Tm cng thc phn t ca A? (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin) 30/ t chy hon ton 30 lt hn hp kh gm NH3 v hyr cacbon A, thu c 125 lt hn hp kh mi. Sau khi ngng t ht hi nc, th tch cn li l 55 lt. Cho kh cn l sc qua dung dch NaOH d, th tch cn l 25 lt. Tm CTPT ca A? Cho bit: -VN2 to nn khi t chy l 20 lt -V cc kh o cng iu kin 31/ Mt hn hp kh gm 1 hyr cacbon A v N2 c V=0,672 lt v khi lng l 1,12(g). t chy ht hn hp trn, thu c 0,06 mol CO2; 1,08 (g) H2O. a/ Tm % v khi lng ca ytng nguyn t trong A? b/ CT-PT ca A? c/ dhn hp u=? d/Tnh th tch khng kh cn t chy ht hn hp u? 32/ t chy 0,75 lt 1 hn hp gm hir cacbon A v CO2 bng 3,75 lt O2 ( ly d), ngi ta thu c 5,1 lt hn hp kh mi. Sau khi ngng t ht hi nc, th tch cn li l 2,7 lt. Cho hn hp kh cn li li qua 1 lt dung dch KOH 1M, ch cn 0,75 lt, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. a/ CTPT ca A? b/ Vit y cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau: A + Cl2 , as B + H2O, kim C
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33/ Mt hn hp 2 hir cacbon mch h, trng thi kh, dhn hp/H2=17. KTC, trong bng ti, 400 cm3 hn hp, tc dng va vi 71,4cm3 dung dch Brm 0,2M. Sau phn ng th tch kh n li l 240 cm3. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cc hir cacbon? 34/ t chy hon ton 1 mol cht hu c A cn 212,8 lt O2(KTC) Mt khc, t 4,3(g) A, thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (KTC) v 0,35 mol H2O. 35/ Cho frorentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l 1:1 v s mol, c th to ra bao nhiu sn phm ng phn ca nhau. Vit CTCT rt gn ca cc ng phn 36/ Cho 1 ankan tc dng vi brm, ngi ta c mt dn sut cha brm, c t khi hi vi khng kh l 5,207. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan ? 37/ nhit cao (600-700 0C) etylen tc dng vi Cl2 cho sn phm cha 56,8% Clo trong phn t . Sn phm ny c th lm mt mu nc brm v tham gia phn ng trng hp. a/ Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca sn phm, vit s phn ng xy ra? b/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch sn phm ny trong cng nghip t nguyn liu chnh l vi, than , mui n. 38/ Trong 1 bnh kn c V=1dm3, ng y hn hp kh gm O2 v 1 hir cacbon A 406,250K, 1 at. Sau khi t chy ht hir cacbon c trong bnh, th p sut trong bnh o cng nhit tng thm 5%. Tm CTPT ca A? Cho bit: -Lng H2O to ra l 0,162 (g) -Th tch O2 ly bng 2 ln lng O2 cn t chy ht hir cacbon A c trong hn hp u 39/ Trong 1 bnh kn c V=20 lt, cha 9,6(g) O2 v hn hp 3 hir cacbon A, B, C O0C v 0,448 at. Bt tia la in t chy ht hn hp, gi nhit 136,5 0C, p sut trong bnh l P. Cho hn hp kh to ra trong bnh ln lt qua bnh th nht ng P2O5 (d), bnh th hai ng dung dch KOH( d). Ngi ta nhn thy khi lng bnh th nht tng 4,05(g); bnh th hai tng 6,16(g) a/ Tnh P? b/ Xc nh CTPT ca A, B, C? Cho bit: -B, C c cng s nguyn t C -S mol ca A bng 4 ln tng s mol ca B v C. 40/ Cht A c cng thc nguyn phn t l C2H4O2. Tm CTCT ca A nu: a/ A tc dng vi ru?
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b/ A tham gia phn ng trng bc c/A tc dng c vi Na gii phng hyr nhng khng lm mt mu nc brm v khng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. 41/ Cht A c CTNPT l C3H4O2. Tm CTCT ca A nu: a/ A tc dng vi Na2CO3 gii phng CO2? b/ A tham gia phn ng trng bc v lm mt mu nc brm? c/ A tham gia phn ng trng bc nhng khng lm mt mu nc brm? 42/ Tm CTPT, CTCT ca A. Bit A ch tham gia phn ng trng bc v so vi cng 1 th tch khng kh th hi ca A nng gp 2,49 ln? 43/ Tm CTPT ca A, bit: a/ A l ru no n chc v c 1,167(g) A khi tc dng vi Na d, gii phng ra 214,6 ml H2 (KTC) b/ A l ru 2 ln ru. Ly 1,55 (g) A cho tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 601 ml H2 ( 200C, 760 mmHg) c/ A l andehit no n chc c phn t khi bng 58 OVC. d/ A l axt hu c no n chc m 1,85(g) A trung ho va vi 1 (g) NaOH. e/ Khi trung ho 1 lng dung dch ca axt hu c A l axt n chc cn 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,8M. Dung dch thu c sau khi trung ho bay hi ht, c 2,72(g) cht rn. 44/ Hai dn xut ca ankan A, B c cng t khi hi vi hir bng 37. -Khi cho 1,11(g) hi ca cht A, tc dng ht vi CuO nng to ra 0,96 (g) ng -B khng kh c CuO, nhng dung dch ca B li tc dng vi kim v lm qu tm. 2,96(g) B tc dng va ht vi 1,6 (g) NaOH. Tm CTPT, vit CTCT ca cc ng phn ca hai cht ? 45/ C 1 este ca ru metylic v 1 axit no n chc. un a (g)este vi 100 ml dung dch KOH n phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp c tnh baz. trung ho hn hp ny cn 25 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. Mt khc, mun trung ho ht 20 ml dung dch KOH ni trn, cn dng 15 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. 1/ Tnh s mol este c trong a (g)este? 2/ Cho a=5,8, xcnh CTPT ca este? Vit cng thc cu to c th ph hp vi cc axt c trong thnh phn cu to ca este. 46/ Ngi ta thc hin phn ng trung ho axt cacboxylic bng baz. 1/ Mun trung ho 0,1 mol axt A c M=104 cn 8 (g) NaOH. A l axit my ln axit? CTCT ca A? 2/ Mun trung ho 6,72(g) 1 axt n chc A, cn 16,95ml dung dch NaOH 22,4% (d=1,18) Cho bit CTCT ca A?
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3/ trung ho va ht 2,25(g) 1 axt 2 ln axt A, cn 20 ml dung dch KOH 2,5M. Tnh phn t khi ca A? 47/ Khi x phng ho 1 este n chc A bng NaOH, mui thu c c M bng 24/29 M e-ste. Tkhi hi ca A bng 4. Tm CTCT ca A? 48/ t chy 22,5 lt hi 1 ru n chc A, cho tc dng vi Na d, thot ra 3,36 lt H2 (KTC). Mt khc, khi t chy ht 2,3(g)A, thu c 3,3(g) CO2. Tm CTPT, CTCT, tn ca A? 50/ Cho hn hp 2 cht hu c cng cha A, B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (ly d), c 2 mui v 1 ru duy nht c dhi/h2=16. Bng tc dng ca H2SO4, t 2 mui , ngi ta tch c hn hp D gm 2 axt hu c no, n chc, nguyn cht, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Ho tan 10 (g) D vo 100 ml dung dch K 2CO3 1M. trung ho ht lng K2CO3 d, cn 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M. a/ Cho bit A, B thuc chc g? b/ Xc nh CTPTca ru to thnh? c/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong th nghim? d/ Vit CTCT ca cc axt c trong D, tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong D? 51/ Hai e-ste A, B, ng phn ca nhau, u do cc axt no n chc v ru no n chc to ra. x phng ho 22,2(g) hn hp 2 este, cn dung ht 12(g) NaOH. Cc mui sinh ra sau khi x phng ho c sy kh, cn c 21,8 gam. Gi thit cc phn ng u c H=100%. a/ Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A v B? b/ Tnh khi lng ca A, ca B trong hn hp u? c/ Bit phng php ho hc n gin hn bit 2 axt sinh ra t A, B?gii thch? vit phng trnh phn ng. 52/ C 2 cht hu c A, B cng chung cng thc (CH2O)n.. Khi cho bay hi 0,602 (g) mi cht, ngi ta cng thu c nhng th tch l 388 ml trong nhng iu kin v nhit v p sut ca phng th nghim, 0,301 (g) etan cng c V=388 ml. Cho bit: -C A v B u tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. -Ring A tc dng vi Zn gii phng H2. A/ Hy xc nh CTPT v gi tn ca A, B? Vit phng tnh phn ng ca A, B vi dng dch NaOH? b/ Cho A tc dng vi 1 ru no n chc D, thu c 1 este c M=1029/mol. Tm CTCT ca D? 53/ Mt cht hu c A, c dhi A/C2H4=2,5. Cho 0,01 mol A tc dng5 htvi 100 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,3M to ra bc (trong dung dch NH3)
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Sau phn ng phi dung 50 ml dung dch NaCl 0,2M tc dng ht vi lng AgNO3 cn d. Mt khc, 35 (g) A phn ng va vi 1,12 lt H2 (00C, 2 at) khi c bt Ni, nng, to ra 1 sn phm duy nht B. a/ Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT c th c ca A? b/ Cho ton b lng B to ra phn ng vi 3,6 (g) CH3COOH khi c H2SO4 c. Nu hiu sut l 80%, th lng cht to thnh l bao nhiu? 54/ Cht hu c A c CTNPT C5H8O2, trung tnh i vi qu. un A trong nc c axt hoc kim lm xc tc, ngi ta c 2 sn phm B, C. -B c CTNPT l C3H4O2, tc dng c vi NaHCO3 gii phng CO2. B cn c th lm mt mu nc brm. C l mt cht lng, khng tc dng c vi NaHCO3, nhng li tc dng c vi Na gii phng H2. a/ Xc nh CTCT v tn gi A? b/ Vit cc phng tnh phn ng xy ra? 55/ C 1 axt n chc A. trung ho 15 ml dung dch ca A trong nc cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75M. 1/ Tnh CM ca dung dch A? 2/ Sau khi trung ho 250 ml dung dch A trn, bng dung dch NaOH va , c cn dung dch to ra, lm kh, cn c 41(g) cht rn khan. Hy xc nh khi lng phn t, CTPT ca A? 3/ Cho A tc dng vi 1 ru n chc bc nht c H 4SO4 c, sn phm thu c l 1 cht lng c dhi=5,17. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng. Xc nh phn t khi casn phm v ca ru. Vit CTCT a ru. 56/ Cho P (g) hn hp 2 ru A, B tc dng vi Na sinh ra x lt H 2. Nu un P (g) hn hp A, B vi H2SO4 c 1800C, thu c V lt hn hp 2 anken ng ng kt tip nhau. t chy V lt hn hp 2 anken, thu c Y (l) CO2. Cc th tch kh u xc nh KTC. a/ Hy dung cng thc chung, vit cc phng trnh phn ng? Da theo V v P cho lp cc biu thc tnh x, y? b/ t P=4,48(g); V=1,568 lt Hy xc nh CTCT ca A, B, tnh % v khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp u? 57/ un hp cht A vi nc (dung axt v c lm xc tc) ta c axt hu c B v ru D; dhi B/N2=1,57. Cho hi D qua ng c Cu nng c hp cht E c kh nng trng bc. t chy ht 2,8(g)A, cn 3,92 lt O2(KTC) Sn phm to ra c CO2, hi nc, theo t l v th tch: VCO2:Vhi nc=3:2 a/ Cho bit A, E thuc nhng loi hp cht g? b/ Xc nh phn t khi, CTPT, CTCT ca B? c/ Xc nh CTPT ca D? bit D l 1 ru n chc.
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58/ 2,14 (g) hn hp 2 cht hu c A, B trung tnh vi qu, phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH khi un nng sinh ra cht E v hn hp mui Na ca 2 axt hu c no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Ton b E phn ng vi Na sinh ra 0,224 lt H2(KTC). dhiE/KK=2. Khi un E c Cu xc tc, thu c sn phm c th d phn ng trng bc. A, B u lm mt mu nc brm. a/ A, B, E thuc loi hp cht g? Thitlp CTCT ca chng? b/ Tnh % v khi lng ca cc cht A, B trong hn hp ly? c/ T A vi cc cht xc tc thch hp, c th iu ch ra 1 s polyme. Vit phng trnh ca cc phn ng ? 59/ Th tch trng thi hi ca 0,7(g) hp cht X cha C, H, O, bng th tch o cng iu kin ca 0,28 (g) etylen. Cho 0,7(g)X tc dng vi Ag2O trong dung dch NH3, lng Ag to ra em ho tan trong dung dch HNO3 c, thot ra 0,448(l) NO2(KTC) Mt khc 3,5(g)X (c Ni nng) tc dng va ht vi 11,2 lt H2 (00C, 2 at), to thnh 1 sn phm Y duy nht. a/ Vit CTPT, CTCT ca X? b/ Tnh s (g) dung dch axt axetic 80% cn tc dng ht lng sn phm Y. Bit rng lng CH3COOH phi dng d 60% ( so vi tnh theo l thuyt) 60/ t chy ht 1,46(g) 1 axt hu c A, thu c 1,344 lt CO2 (KTC) v 0,9(g) H2O. a/ Xc nh CTG ca axt A? b/ trung ho ht 0,01 mol A cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. hy xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT v gi tn ng phn mch thng ca A? 61/ Cho tc dng chm a (g), hn hp gm 2 cht X, Y k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca axt fomic, vi 500 ml dung dch Na 2CO3 1M ( khng c kh thot ra) phn hu ht mui cacbonat c trong dung dch va thu c, phi dng 350 ml dung dch HCl 2M. t chy ht a (g) A, ton b sn phm chy mi u c gi li trong bnh th nht ng H2SO4 c, v sau trong bnh th hai ng NaOH c. Sau th nghim, tng khi lng ca bnh th hai nhiu hn tng khi lng ca bnh th nht l 36,4(g). a/ X,Y l nhng cht g? Tnh % khi lng ca mi cht trong A? Xc nh CTNPT, phn t khi ng ca A. Bit dhi A= 2,068. b/ Vit 3 CTCT ng vi CTNPT trn? c/ Gi thit rng A l 1 ru bc nht. xi ho ht 4,5(g)A, phn ng xi ho xy ra trong ton lng, ta c hn hp 2 sn phm hu c. Mun trung ho hn hp , cn dng 25 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tnh thnh phn khi lng c hn hp thu c?
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63/ Mt cht A ch cha C, H, O. t chy 0,37 (g) A, thu c 0,6 6(g) CO2; 0,27 (g) H20. 800C; 297mmHg, 1 gam A c V= 1 lt. a/ Tnh % khi lng ca cc nguyn t trong A? Xc nh khi lng mol ca A, khi lng phn t ca A? b/ Cho 1,11(g) A tc dng vi 60 ml dung dch KOH cn d, phi dng 30 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Nu cho bit rng A l este ca 1 axt n chc, hy tnh phn t khi ca A? So snh vi kt qu tm c trn? Tm CTPT, vit CTCT c th ph hp cng thc tm c. c/ C cn dung dch thu c sau th nghim cu b, th thu c hn hp rn. Tnh khi lng ca hn hp rn ? Cho bit A l este ca ru etylic. 64/ Mt este n chc A, c dhi A=2,55. t chy ht 5 (g) A, c 0,891(g) CO2; 0,37 (g) H2O. a/ Tm CTPT ca A? b/ Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c mui B, vi MB=34/37 MA . Cho bit CTCT ca A. c/ Cho 1(g) A tc dng vi H2O, sau 1 thi gian kh lu. trung ho sn phm to ra cn 4,5 cm3 dung dch NaOH 1M. Xc nh khi lng cht A cha b thy phn? 65/ t chy ht 44,5(g) 1 cht A to nn 31,5(g) H2O; 33,6 lt CO2; 11,2 lt NO2. ( Cc th tch kh o KTC) a/Tm CTNPT ca A? bit dhi A/H2=44,5. b/ Vit CTCT ca A? Bit khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, mt trong nhng sn phm thu c l ru metylic. 66/ t chy ht 0,29 (g) A, thu c 0,66(g) CO2; 0,27 (g) H2O. a/ Tm CTG ca A? b/ Tm CTNPT ca A?bit dhiA=2. c/ Vit CTCT ca cc ng phn ng vi CTNPT trn? d/ Nu A tc dng vi H2 9 c Ni nng), to ra 1 ru no n chc bc 2. Tm CTCT ng ca A? 67/ t chy ht 45(g) A, thu c 33,6 lt CO2 (KTC) v 27(g) H2O. a/ Tm CTG ca S? b/ Cho 0,002 mol A tc dng vi Na, thu c 44,8 ml H2 (KTC) -Cho 0,002 mol A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, lng dung dch NaOH cn va l 20 ml dung dch 0,1M. Mt khc 45 ml dung dch A 16% (d=1,25), tc dng va vi 25 ml dung dch Na2CO3 2M. Tm CTPT, CTCT ca A? 68/ t chy ht 2,4 (g) A, to ra 3,52 (g) CO2 v 1,44(g) H2O.
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a/ Tm CTN n gin ca A? b/ Tm CTNPT ca A? Bit hn hp gm hi A v O2 ( trong hn hp O2 d chim th tch hn hp). dhn hp/H2=19,5. 69/ t chy ht a (g) A, thu c 39,6 (g) CO2; 21,6 (g) H2O. Th tch O2 (KTC) cn t chy ht a (g) A l 23,52 lt. a/ Tm CTNG? b/ Tm CTNPT? Bit: Nu t 2,8 lt hi A(KTC), thu c 9 (g) H2O. 70/ Khi cho hn hp gm 3,2 (g) A v 4,6 (g) B (A v B l 2 ru no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng), tc dng ht vi Na, to ra 2,24 lt kh (KTC). Xc nh cc ru em dng? 71/ Ly 0,1 mol cht hu c C ( C c iu ch t nhng hp cht hu c no n chc); un nng vi 39 ml dung dch hirxt ca 1 kim loi kim 20% ( D=1,2g/ml), sau cho bay hi ti kh. Phn hi sau khi ngng cn c 33,4 (g), khi cho tc dng vi 1 cht xi ho mnh, thu c cht D c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Phn cn l 1 cht rn trng, em t trong O2 thu c 9,54 (g) cht rn trng tinh khit v 8,26 (g) gm CO2 v H20. a/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Xc nh tn kim loi kim. b/ Xc nh hp cht C. Vit CTCT ca cc ng phn este v axt ca n? 72/ Mt hp cht hu c A ( cha C, H, O, N) a/ A va tc dng vi axt, va tc dng vi kim, va tc dng vi Na gii phng H2. A thuc chc hu c no? Vit phng trnh phn ng di dng tng qut, biu din cc tnh cht ca A ( nu trn). Bit A l hp cht no, mch h. b/ Khi phn tch 0,25 mol A, ngi ta thu c 2,8 lt N2 (KTC) Ly 20 ml dung dch a trung ho bng 1 lng va l 10 ml dung dch HCl 2M th thu c dung dch D. Dung dch D c th tc dng ht vi 25 ml dung dch NaOH 1,6M. mt khc, sau khi trung ho 200 ml dung dch A bng dung dch NaOH, ri lm bay hi nc, thu c 22,4 (g) mui. Xc nh CTCT ca A? 73.a/Khi cho 1 ru no n chc A, qua H2SO4 c, tu theo iu kin nhit cao, thp, ta thu c ete hay anken. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng ( c ghi iu kin) di dng tng qut. b/ Khi ly 18,4 (g) A, cho i qua H2SO4 c, thu c 14,8 (g) hn hp 3 cht: anken, ete tng ng v 1 phn ru A ( d)
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Khi ho lng hn hp ny ta tch c anken v khi lng cht lng l 12(g) Khi cho Na d vo cht lng ta thu c 1,12 lt H2 (KTC) Xc nh CTPT ca A? 74/ Mt hn hp A gm 2 hyr cacbon X, Y th kh. Khi cho A hp nc vi xc tc, thu c 6,352(g) hn hp B gm 2 ru no n chc, hiu sut ca cc phn ng hp nc gii thit u bng 40%. -Ly B cho tc dng vi Na d, thu c 0,5824 lt H2 (KTC) -Ly 1/2B un vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c hn hp C gm 3 este. Hiu sut ca cc phn ng to thnh ete tng ng vi phn t khi tng dn l 40%; 50%; 60%; ng thi nhn c 0,2376(g) H2O. a/Lp CTPT ca 2 hir cacbon X, Y? b/ Vit CTCT ca 2 ru? bit rng hi ca 2 ru, khi cho i qua CuO nng th thu c 2 cht Z v T trong ch c Z cho phn ng trng bc. c/Tnh th tch KTC ca kh CO2 to ra khi t chy ht hn hp B? d/ Tnh th tch hn hp A KTC? % v th tch ca X, Y trong A? 75/ Hai cht A, B c cng thc tng ng l RCOOH v OH R COOH Khi t chy ht hn hp gm 3 (g) A v 0,05 mol B, cn dung 5,6 dm 3 O2 (KTC) Lng CO2 to racho i qua nc vi trong d, thu c 25(g) kt ta. tm CTPT ca A, B? Bit rng c 2 chai u khng lm mt mu nc. 76/ Khi cho 1 ru no n chc tc dng vi 1 axt hu c no n chc c este A. -t chy ht a (g) A , thu c 2 a (g) CO2. -X phng ho a (A) thu c 77,2 a (g) mui Na. 1/ Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca A? 2/ A d phn ng trng bc. Vit phng trnh phn ng. 77/ Khi x phng ho 1 mol este A, to ra 1 axt n chc, cn 120 (g) NaOH. Mt khc x phng ho 1,27 (g) este cn 0,6(g) NaOH v thu c 1,41(g) mui. Tm CTPT ca axt v ru to nn este ? Vit CTCT ca este ? 78/ C 1 dung dch cha hn hp 2 axt A, B k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca axt fomic, A c t C hn B. Nng ca A l 4,6%, C% ca B l 12%. Ly 100 (g) dung dch hn hp cho tc dng vi 25(g) CaCO3 th nhn c 3,36 lt CO2 (KTC).
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Tm CTPT, CTCT v gi tn cc axt? 79/ t chy ht 0,36(g)A, cn dung 0,384(g) O 2, to ra 0,528 (g) CO2. A cha C, H, O; dhi A/H2= 45. Tm CTPT ca A? 80/ C 1 hn hp A gm2 cht hu c cng chc. Tu theo iu kin phn ng, t hn hp A c th chuyn thnh hn hp anken hay hn hp ete. Trong iu kin thch hp, nu dung 25,44 (g) hn hp A th thu c 21,12(g) hn hp B cha 3 cht hu c cng chc c t l s mol 1:1:1. a/ Cho bit 2 cht trong A l g? b/ Nu dung 25,44 (g) a chuyn thnh anken th thu c bao nhiu lt hn hp an ken (KTC) Bit hiu sut cc phn ng to ra anken tng ng theo phn t khi tng dn l 60% v 75%. 81.a/ Ly 5,376 lt hn hp kh ca 3 anken 54,60C, 1at, chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau. -Phn th nht cho i qua nc brm, thy khi lng bnh nc brm tng 4,55(g). Tnh khi lng brm tham gia phn ng? -Phn th hai, em t chy hon ton trong O2, c CO2, hi nc. Tnh th tch kh CO2 to thnh KTC v khi lng nc sinh ra? b/ Nu 3 anken c tng s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng thc phn t bng 27 v s nguyn t C trong 1 anken no bng trung bnh cng ca s nguyn t C trong 2 anken cn li, th 3 anken cho l g? 82/ t chy 3,1(g) ru a chc, cn 2,8 lt O2 (KTC) v to ra 2,7 (g) H2O. Tm CTG, CTPT ca ru ? 83/ Cho m (g) cht A (cha C, H, O) vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 20%(d=1,22). Sau khi un nng phn ng hon ton, thu c dung dch B cha mui ca 1 axt, 2 ru n chc v NaOH d. Trung ho dung dch B, cn 510 ml dung dch HCl 2M, c cn dung dch sau khi trung ho, c hn hp 2 ru c dhn hp/H2=22,5 v 78,675 (g) hn hp mui khan C. a/ Tm CTPT ca 2 ru? b/ Tnh khi lng tng mui trong C? c/ Vit CTCT ca A, xc nh m? Bit A c cu to mch thng. 84/ Hn hp 2 ru no n chc, c phn t khi hn km nhau 28dvc, tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,344 lt H2 (KTC). t chy hon ton lng hn hp ru trn ri cho sn phm thu c qua bnh th nht ng 100(g) dung dch H2SO4 98%, trong dung dch thu c nng ca H2SO4 l a%. Kh cn li qua bnh th 2 ng Ba(OH)2 d, c 74,86(g) kt ta.
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Xc nh CTPT ca 2 ru? tnh s gam mi ru trong hn hp u? Tnh a?

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