Danh phap

Ancol: R(OH)n (n: s nhom OH) 1. Danh phap thay th a. Mt nhom OH * R la gc no khng nhanh. Tn goi = tn hidrua nn + local cua nhom OH + ol Vi du:
I. CH 3 CH 2 OH : Etanol
CH3

3
CH3

CH OH

CH3

Propan-2-ol

6 6

CH2

CH2

3 4

CH2

2 3

CH2

CH2

OH

Hexan-1-ol Hexan-2-ol

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH

CH3

OH

Lu y: anh s u tin chi vi tri nhom OH la nho nht. Vi du: 1

CH3

2
CH2

3
CH2

4
CH OH

5
CH2

6
CH3

S: 4

CH3

5
CH2

3
CH OH

2
CH2

1
CH3

CH2

D: 3

* R la gc no co nhanh hoc vong

Tn goi = local cua nhanh + tn nhanh + tn hidrua nn + local cua nhom OH + ol Lu y: - anh s vn u tin cho nhom OH nhng vn am bao tng vi tri nhanh la nho nht; tn cua nhanh c xp theo th t , ,... - Nu co t 2 nhanh tr ln thi s dung cac hu t: di, tri, Vi du:
CH3

CH CH3

CH2

CH2

OH

3-Metylbutan-1-ol

1
CH3

CH3 C CH3 CH3 OH

CH2

2-Metylbutan-2-ol

6
CH3

CH2

CH CH2

CH2 CH3

CH

CH2

OH

4-Etyl-2-metylhexan-1-ol

7
CH3

CH2 CH

CH3 CH2

CH2

CH CH3

CH2

CH2

OH

3,6-Dimetyloctan-1-ol
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

4 5
H3C

2 1

3-(Hexan-2-yl)-5-Metylxiclohexanol
OH

CH3 CH

5
CH2

4
CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

OH

6-Xiclopentylheptan-1-ol * R khng no, khng nhanh Tn goi = tn hidrua nn + local cua ni i + en + local cua nhom OH + ol Lu y: y ta vn anh s u tin cho nhom OH. Vi du: 3
CH2

2
CH

1
CH2 OH

Prop-2-en-1-ol 1
CH3

5
CH3

CH

3
CH

2
CH OH

Pent-3-en-2-ol

3 4 5

2 1
OH

Xiclohex-2-en-1-ol

* R khng no co nhanh Tn goi = local cua nhanh + tn nhanh + tn hidrua nn + local cua ni i + (tin t v i bi) + en + local cua nhom OH + ol Lu y: Chon mach chinh la mach cacbon dai nht co cha ni i va chon sao cho s ni i cua mach chinh la nhiu nht. Vi du: 4
CH3

CH

C CH2

CH2 CH3 CH CH3

OH

2-Etylbut-2-en-1-ol

10

CH3

CH

CH

CH

CH

CH

OH CH

3 CH

CH3

7-Metyldeca-2,5,8-trien-4-ol b. Co hai hay nhiu nhom OH Cung tng t nh i vi R no khng nhanh, co nhanh va vong xiclo; R khgn no khng nhanh, co nhanh. Nhng sau chi s vi tri nhom OH cn thm vao hu t ri mi cng ui ol. Vi du:
OH C OH OH CH3

4 7

CH

2
CH2

CH3

6 CH2

CH3

CH3 OH

3,5-Dimetylheptan-3,4,5-triol 1
CH2

CH

CH CH3

CH

OH CH

CH

7 CH CH 6-Etyl-3-metylnona-1,7-dien-4,5-diol 2. Danh phap loai chc Tn goi = ancol + tn cua hidrua nn + ic Hoc: Tn goi = tn cua hidrua nn + ancol

CH2

CH3

CH3

Vi du:
CH3 CH2 OH

Ancol etylic (Etyl ancol)

CH2 CH2 OH

CH3

Ancol pentylic (Pentyl ancol) Nu mach cacbon co nhanh thi ta goi theo tn gc chc cua hidrocacbon o. Tn goi = ancol + (tin t: iso, sec, tert, neo) + tn gc hidrocacbon + ic Vi du:
CH2 CH2

CH3 CH CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH3

CH3 Isopropyl CH3 C CH3 sec-Butyl CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH3 sec-Butyl CH3 CH3 C CH2 Neopentyl CH3 tert-Pentyl tert-Butyl

Vi du:
CH3

CH3 OH CH3

Ancol tert-butylic
CH2 CH2 OH

CH3

CH CH3

Ancol isopentylic

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH CH3

OH

Ancol sec-pentylic

i vi cac goc hidrocacbon cha no thi ta goi theo tn ring. Vi du:

CH2 CH2 OH CH CH2 CH2 OH

Ancol antylic

i vi ancol co hai va nhiu nhom -OH Etylen glicol

OH CH2 OH CH OH CH2 CH3 C CH3 OH CH OH CH2 OH

Pinacol

Glixerol
OH

II. Phenol
4

1. Danh phap thay th i vi nhng cht thuc day ng ng cua phenol va phenol co mt nhom OH thng co tn goi c trng ring. im lu y trong cach goi tn nay la chi s dung cho nhng cht co nhiu hn mt nhom OH Tn goi = tn gc cua hidrocacbon + local cua nhom OH + (tin t: di, tri,) + ol Vi du:
OH OH

1 2 3 4
OH OH

Benzen-1,3-diol
4 8 7 6

2 3

Naphtalen-1,3-diol
OH

1 2 3 4

Anthracen-1,6,10-triol
OH

OH

1 0

2. Tn thng Tn goi theo tn ring cua tng dn xut (i vi nhng cht co mt nhom OH) tr mt s trng hp ngoai l vi hai nhom OH. Vi du: OH OH 1 2 Phenol Hidroquinon 3 4 OH
OH CH3 CH3 CH3

1 2

8 7

2,3-Xilenol

9-Antrol

6 10 5

* Cac nhom (gc) sinh ra bng cach tach H nhom -OH a. Cac nhom (gc) RO- va ArOTn goi = tn gc hidrocacbon + oxi Vi du:

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 O CH3 CH CH2 CH2 O CH3 CH2 CH CH2 O CH2 O O

Pentyl oxi Iso pentyl oxi

Anlyl oxi Benzyl oxi

Naphtyl oxi
- Trng hp ngoai l:
CH3 O CH3 CH2 O CH3 CH2 CH2 O CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 O C6H5 O

Metoxi Etoxi Propoxi Butoxi

Phenoxi - Trng hp cua isopropoxi, isobutoxi, sec-butoxi va tert-butoxi chi c dung tn rut gon khi khng co nhom th. 2. Cac nhom co dang O R O Tn goi c hinh thanh bng cach thm hu t dioxi vao tn cua nhom hoa tri hai R Vi du: 1. Trng hp ngoai l Metylen dioxi O CH2 O
O CH2 O

Etylen dioxi

2. Tn goi = Tin t: di, tri,+ metylen + dioxi

O CH2 CH2 CH2 O

Trimetylen dioxi Tetrametylen dioxi

O CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 O

III. Ete (CTC: R1 O R2) 1. Danh phap thay th Tn goi = tn gc hidruaoxi + tn ankan tng ng Lu y: Ta chon R nao co s cacbon it nht lam tn gc hidruaoxi Vi du: CH3 O CH2 CH3 Metoxi etan
6

CH3

CH2 CH3

CH

CH2

Etoxi eten

CH3 CH3

CH2

CH3

Etoxi tert-butan

CH3 CH3 CH2 CH3 CH3 O CH3 CH3 O CH CH3 CH3

Isopropoxi tert-pentan

tert-Butoxi cyclohex-3-en

Trng hp: ng ng cua benzen thi ta cn thm vao s chi vi tri gn nhom O : orth, meta, para.
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2 O CH2 CH3

neo-Pentoxi p-(metyl toluen)

CH3 CH2 O CH2 CH CH2

Etoxi p-(metyl stiren)

- Nu gc R1, R2 co gn thm mt nhom th X thi ta goi nh sau: Vi du: 2

CH3 CH2 O CH2

1
CH2 Cl

1-Clo-2-etoxi etan 2-Clo-1-etoxi propan

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH Cl

CH3

- Nu ete co dang (R1O) R2 thi ta goi t bng cach thm tin t vao trc nhom R1O
O CH3

1 2 3 4
O CH3

1,4-Dimetoxi benzen
CH2

CH2

CH3

Dietoxi etan
O CH2 CH3

2. Danh phap loai chc Tn goi = tn gc cua R1, R2 + ete

7

Lu y: tn gc goi theo th t , ,... Vi du: CH3 O CH2 CH3 Etyl metyl ete
CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 O O CH CH3 CH3 O CH2 CH3

tert - Butyl etyl ete

Isopropyl tert-pentyl ete

Phenyl propyl ete

- Trng hp 1: hai gc R1 va R2 ging nhau ta thm tin t: di, tri,... Vi du: CH3 O CH3 Dimetyl ete
CH3

Dietyl ete -Trng hp 2: nu gc R1, R2 co cha nhom th thi khng s dung tin t di, tri,.., ma ta dung tin t tng ng: bis, tris, Vi du: Cl CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2 Cl Bis(2-cloetyl) ete 1
CH3 Cl

CH2

CH2

CH3

3
CH CH3 O

CH3

CH

CH

CH

CH3

Bis(2-clo-3-butyl) ete

Cl

3. Danh phap trao i Cac poliete mach thng ln hn hoc bng 3 phn t hp cht dihidroxi day beo c goi tn theo danh phap trao i. Tn goi = local O trong mach poli + tin t + oxa + tn ankan tng ng. Vi du:
1
CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH3

2,4,7-Trioxa nonan 11
CH3

10
CH2

8
CH2

7
CH2

6
O

5
CH2

4
O

CH2

CH3

2,4,6,9-Tetraoxa undecan Nu mach poli co gn nhom OH thi ta thm vao ui ol. Nu co nhiu hn mt nhom OH thi ta thm tin t di, tri,.. kem theo. Lu y: u tin anh s sao cho tng vi tri nhom O la nho nht.
8

Vi du:
HO HO

CH2 CH2

CH2 CH2

O O

CH2 CH2

CH2 CH2

O O

CH2 CH2

CH3 O CH2 OH

3,6- Dioxa octanaol 3,5,8-Trioxanonan-1,11-diol 4. Tn thng Mt s ete thng dung: C6 H5 O CH3 Anisole
C6 H5 O O CH3 CH2 CH3

Phenetole

Anetole
CH CH3 CH O CH3 CH3

Eagenol
CH2 CH CH2

VI. Andehit Cng thc chung:R (CHO)n 1. Mnoandehit va diandehit mach h Tn goi = tn ankan tng ng + al (monoandehit) + dial (diandehit) Vi du: CH3 CH O Etanal
CH3 OHC CH2 CH2

CH

Hexanal
CHO

CH2

CH2

Pentanedial

* Trng hp: R la no co nhanh Tn goi = local cua nhanh + tin t + tn nhanh + tn hidrua nn + al Vi du: 7
CH3 CH CH3

CH2

4
CH2

3
CH CH2

2
CH2 CH3

1
CHO

3-Etyl-6-metyl heptanal

CH2

CHO OH

o-(Hidroxi phenyl) etanal

CH3 CH3

CH2

C CH2

CHO CH3

2-Etyl-2-metylbutanal

i vi dial ta chon mach chinh la mach dai nht co cha hai nhom CHO.
CH3 CH2 CH2

CH

CH2

CHO

2-(n-Propyl) butan-1,4-dial

1 CHO
CH3

CH

CH2

CH

CH2

CHO

1 CHO

2-Metyl-4-xiclohexylhexan-1,6-dial

Trng hp R la khng no Tn goi = tn hidrua nn + local cua ni i + enal Vi du:

CH3

4
CH

CH

CH2

CHO

Pent-3-enal
CH

Hepta-2,6-dienal Nu mach co nhanh thi ta chon mach chinh la mach dai nht co cha nhiu lin kt bi va co gn gc CHO. Tn goi = local cua nhanh + tn nhanh + tn hidrua nn + local cua bi + eninal Lu y: Hidrua nn phai tinh lun ca cacbon cua nhom CHO
CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH CHO CH

CH2

CH2

C CH

CH CH2

CHO

3-Etenylhept-2-en-6-inal

10

CH2

CH

CH

CHO

2-[3-(2-Metylpropyl)xiclohexyl]but-3-enal
CH3 CH2 CH CH3 CH CH3

CH3

CH

CH

CH CH

CH CH

CH2

CHO

5-(Prop-1-en-1-yl) octa-3,6-dienal

i vi dial co nhanh thi ta cugn lam tng t nh trn nh phai chon mach chinh la mach co nhiu ni i nhng phai co hai nhom CHO.
OHC

CH2

CH CH

CH2 CH

CH CH

CH CH2

CHO

5-(Buta-1,3-dien-1-yl)hept-2-endial

2. Poliandehit mach h cha t 3 nhom CHO tr ln va t 1 nhom CHO ni trc tip vi mach vong. Tn goi = tn hidrua nn + (tin t: di, tri,) + cacbandehit Lu y: Hidrua nn la khng tinh cacbon cua nhom CHO. Vi du:
CHO

Xiclohexan cacbandehit Benzen cacbandehit 3 2 1

CHO

OHC

CH2

CH2

CH CHO

CH2

CHO

Butan-1,2,4-tricacbandehit

OHC

CH2

CH

C CHO

2
CH

CH

CHO

Penta-1,3-dien-1,3,5-tricacbadehit

CHO

2 3

CHO

Naphtalen-1,2-dicacbandehit

11

CHO

1 2 Benzene-1,3,5-tricacbandehit
OHC

CHO

Nu mach cacbon co nhanh thi ta u tin anh s cho nhom CHO va chon mach chinh la mach co nhiu nhom CHO.
CHO CH CH3 CH3 CH CHO OH CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CHO

3-Etylhexan-1,2,5-tricacbandehit

Nu mach co gn thm nhom th X thi ta goi tn tng t nh cac trng hp trn. 2 1

CHO Cl CHO

2-Hidroxi benze cacbandehit

2-Clo-4-hidroxi benzen cacbandehit

OH

Trng hp cac poliandehit axilic co nhiu nhom CHO ni i vi cac nhanh thi mach chinh vn la mach co nhiu nhom CHO voi cac hu t dial, tricacbandehit, cach mach nhanh cha CHO c goi tn dang tin t.
OHC OHC CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2 CH

CH2

CH3 CH

CH2

CHO

3-(2-Fomyl etyl) hexa-1,2,6-cacbandehit

CH2 OHC CHO CH2

3-(Fomyl metyl) hexandial 3. Andehit co nhom CHO cach mach vong mt oan cacbon ta co th goi mt trong 2 cach sau: Cach 1: Tn goi nh dn xut vong cua hp cht mach h. Tn goi = local cua nhom CHO + (local cua vong + tn hidrua nn) + tin t + tn andehit tng ng. Cach 2: Goi theo danh phap kt hp. Tn goi = tn hidrocacbon tng ng + local cua nhanh mang nhom CHO + tn andehit tng ng.
CH2 CH2 CH CHO

12

CH2

CHO

2 3

C1: (1 - Naphtyl) axetandehit C2: Naphtalen-1-yl axetaldehit

4
CH2

CH2

1
4

CHO

1 2 3 6CH 4
2

C1: 6,6'-(1,4-Xiclohexylen)dihexanal C2: Xiclohexan-1,4-dihexandehit

CH2

1
4

CHO

4. Nhng andehit ma axit tng ng co tn thng goi tn bng cach thay axitic bng andehit. Vi du: H CH O Formaldehit CH3 CH O Axetaldehit
CH3 CH2 CH CH O O

Propionandehit

CH3 O

CH2 CH2 CH3 CH O

CH2

CH

Pentandehit

Benzandehit
CH CH CH O

Anisandehit

Xinamadehit
CH2 CH CH O

Acrilandehit

IV. Xeton Cng thc chung: R1 (C=O) R2 1. Danh phap thay th a. Xeton no mach h khng nhanh Tn goi = tn ankan tng ng + local cua nhom C=O + on (1 nhom C=O) + diol (2 nhom C=O) Lu y: anh s sau cho tng s chi vi tri nhom C=O la nho nht. Vi du:
CH3

CH2 C O

CH3

Butan-2-on 2 1

6
CH3

CH2

CH2

C O

CH2

CH3

Hexan-3-on
13

6
CH3

5
CH2

4
C O

3
CH2

CH3

Hexane-2,4-dion

CH2

C O

CH2

CH3

1-Phenylpentan-2,3-dion

O CH3

C O

CH

C O

CH3

3-Xyclopentylpentan-2,4-dion b. Xeton no co nhanh Tn goi = local cua nhanh + tn nhanh + tn ankan tng ng + on (1 nhom C=O) + diol (2 nhom C=O) Lu y: tuy anh s u tin cho nhom C=O nhng cung anh s sau cho tng vi tri nhanh la nho nht. Vi du: 1
CH3

2
CH

4
CH2

CH3

2-Metylpentan-3-on

CH3 O

CH3

CH3 C

CH2 C

CH3

4,4-Dimetylpentan-2-on

CH3

c. R khng no khng nhanh Tn goi = tn hiua nn = local cua lin kt bi + (tin t) + en + local cua nhom C=O + on (1 nhom C=O) + diol (2 nhom C=O) Lu y: anh so u tin cho nhom C=O va chon mach chinh la mach co nhiu lin kt bi va co gn nhiu nhom C=O. Vi du: 1
CH2

C O

CH2

CH3

1-Phenylpentan-2,3-dion 5
CH2

4
CH

3
CH2

2
C O

1
CH3

Pent-4-en-2-on

3
C O

CH2 CH

C O

CH3

Pent-4-en-2,3-dion

d. R khng no co nhanh
14

Tn goi = local cua nhanh + (tin t) + tn nhanh + tn hidrua nn + local cua lin kt bi + (tin t) + en + local cua nhom C=O + on (1 nhom C=O) + diol (2 nhom C=O) Vi du:
CH3

CH

1 CH2 1
CH3

5 CH 4
C O

6 5

CH3

2,4-Dimetylhepta-1,5-dien-3-on

CH

CH3

2
C O

CH3 CH

CH

6CH 4
C

CH2

C CH3

CH

CH2 C

CH2 CH2 CH3 CH CH3

CH3

3,5-Dimetylhept-6-en-2,4-dion

C O

CH3

3,7-Dimetyl-5-propylocta-5,7-dien-2,4-dion 2. Danh phap loai chc Dung cho cac mono xeton va cac cht co 2 nhom C=O lin nhau. Tn goi = tn hidrua nn (R1, R2) + xeton (1 nhom C=O) + dixeton (2 nhom C=O) Vi du: CH3 C CH2 CH3 Etyl metyl xeton
O CH3 CH3 CH C CH2 C O CH2 CH3 C O C O C O CH3 C O CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3

Etyl isopropyl xeton Metyl neopentyl xeton

CH3 O CH CH3 CH2

Benzyl etyl dixeton

Dimetyl dixeton

Nu R1, R2 la khng no thi ta goi theo tn ring.

CH2 CH2 CH CH2 C O C O C O CH CH3 CH CH2

Anlyl vinyl xeton

Metyl vinyl xeton

3. Tn thng a. c dung khi co va khng co nhom th Vi du:

15

CH3 O O

CH3

Axeton

p-Benzoquinon

b. Chi c dung khi khng co nhom th * Axeton vong thm Tn goi = tn cua R CO + phenon Tn R CO : thay -ic hoc -oic trong tn thng cua axit bi -o.
O C CH3 O C CH2 O CH2 CH3

Axetophenon

n-Butirophenon

Benzophenon
O CH3

m-Metyl benzophenon Ngoai ra ta con co mt s cht vi tn goi ring CH3 C C CH3 Biaxetyl
O O C O C O O C

Benzil

CH CH

Chancon VI. Axit cacboxylic Cng thc chung: R(COOH)n 1. Axit monocacboxylic va dicacboxylic mach h * R no khng nhanh
16

Tn goi = axit + tn hidrua nn (tinh ca cacbon cua COOH) + oic (monocacboxylic) + dioic (dicacboxylic) Vi du:
CH3 CH2 HOOC HOOC COOH 5 CH2 CH2 COOH 8 COOH

Axit pentanoic
Axit decandioic

Axit propandioic

* R no co nhanh Tn goi = axit + local cua nhanh + tn nhanh + tn hidrua nn (tinh lun cacbon cua nhom COOH) + ) + oic (monocacboxylic) + dioic (dicacboxylic) Vi du:
CH3 CH CH3

CH2

COOH

Axit 3-metylbutanoic

3
CH3

2
CH OH

COOH

Axit 2-hydroxypropanoic

Ta co th coi COOH nh mt nhom th va oc tn axit nh phn hidrocacbon co nhom th la COOH.

HOOC CH2

CH CH3

CH2

CH2

COOH

Axit 3-metylhexandioic

* R khng no khng nhanh Tn goi = axit + tn hidrua nn + local cua lin kt bi + (tin t) + en + + oic (monocacboxylic) + dioic (dicacboxylic) Lu y: ta vn anh s u tin cho nhom COOH nhng vn anh s sao cho tng vi tri ni i la nho nht. Vi du:
4
CH2

3
CH

2
CH2

1
COOH

Axit but-3-enoic
CH

7
CH2

6
CH

5
CH2

4
CH

CH2

COOH

Axit hepta-3,6-dienoic
Axit hept-3-endioic

1
HOOC

2
CH2

CH

CH

CH2

CH2

COOH

* R khng no co nhanh
17

Tn goi = axit + local cua nhanh + tn nhanh + tn hdrua nn + local cua lin kt bi + (tin t) + oic (monocacboxylic) + dioic (dicacboxylic) Lu y: chon mach chinh la mach dai nht co gn nhom COOH va s lin kt bi la ln nht, anh s u tin cho nhom COOH; anh s sao cho tng vi tri nhanh la nho nht. Vi du:
CH3 CH

CH CH2

CH

CH2

COOH

6 CH 6 5

Axit 5-metylhepta-3,6-dienoic
CH

4
C

CH3 CH

CH

1
COOH

CH3 CH2

Axit 4-etylhexa-2,4-dienoic
3
C CH2

1
HOOC

2
CH

CH3 C CH3

5
CH

6
COOH

Axit 3-etyl-4-metylhexa-2,4-diendioic

2. Axit policacboxylic cha nhiu nhom COOH ( n 3 ) ni vi mach thng va axit cacboxylic cha nhiu nhom COOH ( n 1 ) ni vi mach vong. Lu y: trong trng hp nay hidrua nn, ankan tng ng khng tinh cacbon cua nhom COOH. * R no khng nhanh va nhom th Tn goi = axit + tn ankan tng ng + local cua nhom COOH + (tin t) + cacboxylic. Vi du: CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH Axit propan cacboxylic 1
HOOC CH2

CH

CH2 CH2

COOH

COOH

Axit butan-1,2,4-tricacboxylic
CH2

5
CH3

4
CH COOH COOH

COOH

CH

CH2

COOH

Axit pentan-1,3,4-tricacboxylic

Axit xiclopentancacboxylic

18

5 4

6 1 2 3

COOH

Axit benzen-1,2-dicacboxylic
COOH COOH

1 6
HOOC

2 4 3

Axit benzen-1,3,5-tricacboxylic
COOH

* R khng no va khng nhanh Tn goi = axit + tn hidrua nn + local cua lin kt bi + (tin t) + en + (tin t) + cacboxylic Vi du: 4
HOOC CH2 COOH

3
CH

2
CH

1
CH2 COOH

Axit but-2-en-1,4-dicacboxylic

5 4
HOOC

2 Axit xiclopent-3-encacboxylic 3 1
CH

2
C

3
CH

4
CH

5
CH2 COOH

COOH

Axit penta-1,3-dien-1,2,5-tricacboxylic

* R no co nhanh Tn goi = axit + local cua nhanh + tn nhanh + tn ankan tng ng + local cua nhom COOH + (tin t) + cacboxylic. Vi du:
HOOC

CH2

CH CH3

CH CH2

CH2 CH3

COOH

Axit 2-etyl-3-metylbutan-1,4-dicacboxylic

COOH

1 2 4 3 Axit 3-metylxiclohexancacboxylic
CH3

19

3
HOOC CH2

CH2

CH

COOH

1'

2' 3'

Axit 2-[3'-(2''-metylpropyl)xiclohexyl]pentan-1,3-dicacboxylic
1'' 2''
CH3

CH2 CH

3''

CH3

HOOC

CH2 C CH3

CH2

CH3

CH2

COOH

Axit 1-etyl-1-metyl propan-1,3-dicacboxylic * R khng no co nhanh va nhom th

3
CH2

2
CH

1
CH COOH Cl

1' 6' 5'

HO COOH

2' 4' 3 3' 2 7

Axit 2-(2'-clo-5'-hydroxiclohexyl)propan cacboxylic

CH3

1
COOH

Axit 4-metylheptan-1,4,7-tricacboxylic 3. Axit co nhom COOH cach xa mach vong mt mach cacbon. a. Danh phap thay th: Ta xem mach vong la mt gc hidrocacbon gn vao hidrua nn cua axit. Tn goi = Axit + local mach vong + tn vong + hidrua nn + oic. Vi du:
CH2 COOH Axit 6-(2-naphtyl)hexanoic

5CH CH CH COOH 2 2 2

CH2

CH2 CH2

CH3

4' 5'

3'

2' 1'4
CH2 CH CH3

6'

CH2

COOH

Axit 3-metyl-4-(3'-metylphenyl)butanoic

b. Danh phap kt hp: t hp tn vong vi tn axit mach h. Tn goi = Axit + tn mach vong + local cua axit mach h + (tin t) + tn axit mach h. Vi du:

20

2 3

CH2 COOH

Axit naphtalen-2-hexanoic

CH2 COOH

6
HOOC H2C 5

2 4

Axit benzen-1,3,5-triacetic

3 CH2 COOH

4. Tn goi thng. a. c dung khi co hoc khng co nhom th.

CH3 COOH Axit acetic HOOC CH2 COOH Axit malonic CH2 CH HOOC COOH Axit acrilic CH2 CH2 COOH Axit sucxinic

COOH

COOH

Axit benezoic
COOH H

Axit terephtalic

HOOC

COOH H

COOH H

Z-Axit maleic
HOOC COOH

E-Axit fumaric

H COOH

COOH

Axit phtalic
COOH

Axit isophtalic

Ngoai ra con co: axit naphtoic hay naphtalencacboxylic; axit nicotinic hay piridin-3cacboxylic; axit isonicotinic hay piridin-4-cacboxylic; axit furoic hay furan-2cacboxylic. b. Chi c dung khi khng co nhom th: HCOOH Axit fomic CH CCOOH Axit propiolic CH3CH2COOH Axit propionic CH2=C(CH3)COOH Axit metarilic CH3CH2CH2COOH Axit butiric HOOC-COOH Axit oxalic (CH3)2CHCOOH Axit isobutiric HOOC[CH2]3COOH Axit glutaric CH3[CH2]14COOH Axit panmitic HOOC[CH2]4COOH Axit adipic CH3[CH2]16COOH Axit stearic C6H5CH=CHCOOH Axit xinamic 5. Cac nhom axyl * Hoa tri mt: Hinh thanh bng cach i axitoic thanh oylhoc axitic thanh yl hay oyl hoc axitcacboxylic thanh cacbonyl. Vi du: CH3 [CH2]5 CO OH Axit heptanoic CH3 [CH2]5 CO Heptanoyl CH3 CO OH Axit axetic CH3 CO Axetyl
21

OH

Axit xiclohexancacboxylic

Xiclohexan cacbonyl

* Hoa tri hai, ba: Hinh thanh tng t nh hoa tri mt: axitdioic, trioic thanh

dioyl, trioyl hoc axitdicacboxylic, tricacboxylic thanh dicacbonyl, tricacbonyl. Vi du: HO CO [CH2]8 CO OH:Axit decandioic CO [CH2]8 CO Decandioyl
HOOC CH2 CH CH2 CH2 COOH Axit butan-1,2,4-tricacboxylic COOH

CO CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CO CH3

Butan-1,2,3-tricabonyl

VII. Este Cng thc chung: R1 COO R2 Tn goi = tn thng hidrocacbon cua ancol + tn gc cua axit cacboxylic + oat( cacboxylat). Chuyn axitoic thanh oat hoc chuyn axitcacboxylic thanh cacboxylat. Vi du: HCOOCH3 Metyl fomat HCOOCH2 CH3 Etyl fomat CH3 COO CH3 Metyl axetat
CH3 CH2 COO CH CH3 COO CH2 CH3 COO CH2 CH3 CH3

Isopropyl propionat

Phenyl propinonat

Etyl benzoat

COO

CH3 Metyl xiclohexancacboxylat

OOC

Diphenyl cacboxylat

CH2 CH CH2

COO

CH2

CH3

Etyl but-3-enoat

22

CH2

CH

CH

1'

CH2

CH3

6'
HO 5' 4'

2' 3'

O Cl

Etyl 2-(2'-clo-5'-hidroxi xiclohexyl)but-3-enoat

CH3

CH2

CH

1
C O CH2 CH3

6' 5'

1' O 2' 4'

2

Etyl 2-[3'-(2''-metylpropyl)xiclohexyl]butanoat
CH3

1'' 3' CH 2'' CH

3''

CH3

VIII. Amin 1. Amin bc 1 a. Mnoamin bc 1 Cng thc chung: RNH2 - Tn goi = (tin t) + tn gc hidrocacbon + azan Vi du:

NH2

Bezylazan
CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2 Propylazan NH2 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3

sec-Butylazan

H2N

CH2

NH2 Hexyldiazan

- Tn goi = tn hidrocacbon + local cua nhom NH2 + amin Vi du:

CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2 Propanamin NH2 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3

Butan-2-amin

3
NH2

Quinolin-2-amin

23

H2N

CH2 CH NH2 NH2

CH2

CH2

NH2 Butan-1,2,4-triamin

1 2
H2N 3 4 NH2

6 5 CH 2
Cl

5-Etylbenzen-1,3-diamin
CH3 NH2 Cl

6 5

1 2 3

2-Clo-4-metylbezen-1-amin

2-Clo-5-hidroxi benzen-1-amin
OH

4
CH3

- Tn goi = tn gc hidrocacbon + amin Vi du:

CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2 Propylamin NH2 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3

sec-Butylamin

3
NH2

2-Quinolylamin

24