Network Basic Principle

EP_BT001_E1_1 EPC Network Basic Principle
Targets
Upon completing the course, you will be able to:

Familiar with EPC basic theory Familiar with EPC system structure and interface Know EPC interface protocol stack Know key technologies of EPC network
1-2
Contents
LTE/EPC Evolution EPC Network Structure EPC Interfaces and protocol stack EPC Key Technologies ZTE Solution and product
1-3
EPC Network Basic Principle
Broadband Trend in Wireless Technology

WCDMA Evolution
GSM/GPRS EDGE 171/384kbps WCDMA R99/R4 384kbps HSDPA Phase I 1.8M/3.6Mbps HSDPA Phase II
7.2/14.4Mbps
HSPA+
DL >40Mbps UL >10Mbps
LTE
DL:100Mbps UL:50Mbps
HSUPA
2M/5.76Mbps
CDMA2000 Evolution CDMA 1X 153kbps

1xEV-DO Rev. 0 DL: 2.4Mbps UL:153.6kbps
1xEV-D0 Rev. A
DL: 3.1Mbps UL: 1.8Mbps
DO Rev. B
(MC DO) DL46.5Mbps UL: 27Mbps
IMT -Advance
4G
IEEE802.16m DL:100Mbps UL: 50Mbps
WiMAX Evolution
IEEE802.16d 20Mbps IEEE802.16e 70Mbps
2001-2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bandwidth in wireless network is increasing 10k100k1M10M100M The increasing in system capacity and frequency spectrum decreases the bearer cost of packet service every bit Many kinds of wireless technology co-exists at the same time
1-4
Unified Packet Core Network Structure

2/3G Core Network
1 Two level architecture of user plane 2 control plane and user plane together 3 TDM /ATM adopted
SGSN GGSN
GERAN /UTRAN
3G DTS Mode Core Network

1 Flat core network 2 control and bearer separated partially 3 ALL IP bearer
EPC Architecture
1 Flat Core Network 2 Control and bearer separation 3 ALL IP bearer
ATM /TDM
GGSN
SAE-GW MME
eUTRAN
I P
ATM/ TDM
UTRAN
I P
SGSN
I P
SAE-GW LTE/EPC
SGSN 2/3G GGSN 3G-DTS
Unified IP bearer mode Unified flat network Unified control and bearer separation
GSM
Non-3GPP
TDSCDMA LTE
Unified Core Network
1-5
Flatter Architecture
GGSN GGSN GGSN/ SAE-GW
SGSN SGSN
SGSN /MME
RNC
RNC RNC
RNC
eNodeB
NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB eNodeB
Step 1 DTS is introduced in PCN: SGSN is in charge of signaling processing only, packets are transferred from GGSN to RNC directly. Step 2 Flatter architecture in RAN: RNC and NodeB is integrated to eNodeB for LTE and HSPA+
1-6
Unified Core Network For Multi-RATs

GSM DNS DHCP WCDMA HLR/HSS/AAA Support network NTP GGSN SGSN LTE Internet& Sevice network MME
Service Continuity
SAE GW
Wimax AGW PDSN
SAE GW = Serving GW+PDN GW
Control Plane
CDMA
User Plane
Core network should support multiple access technology. Core network should support seamless mobility and service continuity across RATs. Core network should bridge the current to the future.
1-7
Intelligent Data Service Awareness

Subscriber Control Event measurement Balance enforcement Purchase acknowledgement Account replenishment Service Differentiation Premium Service Service authorization Filtering
WiFi
WiMax
NodeB/BTS
CDMA1X EVDO GPRS EDGE UMTS HSPA WiMax WiFi LTE
AGW
Streaming Message Internet VPN
PDSN
GGSN
VOD
WAP LCS
SAE-GW
MBMS
Content usage collection and enforcement Popular application Popular content User profiling
Content based and comprehensive billing L3 or L4 billing URL billing event billing
1-8
Smooth Evolution of Mobile Network

Service Network Voice Service Network (PSTN etc.)
Packet Service Network (Internet, Operator data service)
IMS
Core Network
Circuit Core
Legacy Packet Core
Evolved Packet Core
2G
3G
LTE
Non-3GPP
Phase Out over time

LTE 3G 2G
To pure EPS
1-9
EPC standard Evolution
1
Feasibility study 2004.12~2006.6 network structure optimization feasibility study Export these protocols:
TR 23.882: "3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE): Report on technical options and conclusions"
2
Stage1 (requirement phase) Define SAE requirement. Finish at 2006.12 Export these protocols: 3GPP TS 22.278: "Service requirements for evolution of the system architecture:"
3
Stage2 (technique implementation Define SAE network structure, functional entity and interfaces. Finish at 2008. 6 Export these protocols
3GPP TS 23.401: "General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Long Term Evolution (LTE) access 3GPP TS 23.402: "3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses"
4
Stage3 (protocol implementation) Define interface protocols. Finish at 2009.3 Current protocols are
3GPP TR 24.801: "3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE); CT WG1 aspects" 3GPP TR 29.803: "3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG4 aspects" 3GPP TR 29.804: "3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG3 aspects"
1-10
Organizations Leading in LTE/EPC Ecosystem

Functional Requirements Standards Establishment LTE/SAE Trial Initiative
Members
PCG
TSG GERAN TSG RAN Sponsors TSG SA TSG CT
1-11
3GPP Versions Released Records

3GPP Frozen Time WCDMA Mbps
DL UL
R99 Dec 99 0.384 0.384
Rel-4 Mar 01 0.384 0.384
Rel-5 Mar 02 14.4 0.384
Rel-6 Mar 05 14.4 5.76
Rel-7 Dec 07 28.8 11.52
Rel-8 Mar 09
Rel-9 Mar 10 42 or 82* 11 or 22
Rel-10 Mar 11
LTE/LTE-A Mbps
DL
UL
160
50
1000
500
Main Function
CS & PS, R99 Radio Bearers
BICC, TDSCDMA
HSDPA, IMS
HSUPA, MBMS, WiLANUMTS IWK
HSPA+ Phase I, LTE/SAE Feasibility
HSPA+ Phase II, LTE/SAE
LTE/SAE Enhance, LTE-Adv Feasibility Study
LTE-Adv
* HSPA+ = 42 Mbps @ 64QAM + MIMO, 82 Mbps @ DC-HSDPA
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EPC Features(1)
EPS provide access for various system Support roaming between different systems and within the same system Support IP based broadband access network beside 3GPP Higher performance including low latency, low link establish time and high quality Support roaming between EPS and between EPS and existing network Support 3GPP R7 and earlier PS network service, support communication between EPC and 3GPP R7 and earlier CS network
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EPC Features(2)
Support service continuity between different 3GPP access network, and between 3GPP and non3GPP system Support interconnection between fixed access system and support service continuity Support various service provided by operators such as voice ,video, message and file transfer Fully usage of system resources including frequency, terminal and power supply etc
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Contents
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Term Explanation
EPS EPC EUTRAN SAE LTE
Evolved Packet Core, refers to core network Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network, refers to wireless network System Architecture Evolution=EPC, refers to core network Long Term Evolution=EUTRAN, only refers to wireless network
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EPC Network
1-17
EPS interconnecting with S4 SGSN network 3GPP non-roaming scenario
TS 23.401 Non-roaming
UTRAN SGSN GERAN S3 S1 - MME MME PCRF S12 S11 S4 " LTE - Uu " S10 Serving S5 PDN Gateway SGi Operator ' s IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) S7 Rx+ S6a HSS
UE
E - UTRAN S1 - U
Gateway
all IP structure flat network structure media and control plane separated interconnection with existing network 1-18
EPS interconnection with Gn/Gp GSN network ----3GPP non-roaming scenario

GERAN UTRAN S1-MME Gn/Gp SGSN S6a Gn MME Gn S10 UE E-UTRAN S1u S11 SGW S5 Gx PGW SGi PCRF Rx Gr HSS
Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
PGW provide Gn/Gp interface MME provide Gn/Gp interface
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Support 3GPP access, EPC NE functions

MME
Serving GW

PDN GW
Filtering based on user Lawful monitoring IP address assignment UL/DL transport layer data labeling PCC non-GBR DL rate control based on AMBR GBR DL rate control based on MBR DHCPv4 and DHCPv6client server DL/UL Bearer binding UL bearer binding check
Anchor point for hand off process between NAS signaling processing eNodeB NAS signaling security E-UTRAN data cache protection under idle mode and Mobility management triggering of network between different 3GPP side Service Request nodes process Tracing and reaching of Lawful monitoring idle mobile terminal Packets routing and TA List management forwarding Selection of PDN GW and UL/DL transport layer Serving GW data labeling Selection of MME and Statistics based on SGSN user and QCI (used for Lawful monitoring billing between Roaming control operators) Security authentication DL/UL billing based on Bearer management user, PDN and QCI Similar to control plane of SGSN Similar to user plane of SGSN
Similar to GGSN
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3GPP access structure (home routed)
HSS Gx S6a PDN Gateway HPLMN
PCRF Rx SGi Operators IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
VPLMN
UTRAN SGSN GERAN S3 S1-MME S4 MME S12
S8
S11 LTE - Uu UE E-UTRAN S1-U S10 Serving Gateway
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3GPP access structure (Local Break Out)

HSS
S6a
H-PCRF
Rx
HPLMN VPLMN UTRAN GERAN

S1-MME
S9
Home Operators IP Services
SGSN
S3 S4 S12 Gx S11
V-PCRF
MME
S10
"LTE-Uu"
UE
E-UTRAN
S1- U
Serving Gateway
S5
PDN SGi Gateway
Visited Operator PDN
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Non-3GPP Access Structure (S2a/S2b)

HSS SWx S6a Gxc Gx SGi 3GPP Access Serving Gateway S5 S2b ePDG SWn Gxa Trusted Non-3GPP IP Access SWu Untrusted Non-3GPP IP Access UE S6b Gxb SWm 3GPP AAA Server PDN Gateway Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) PCRF Rx
S2a HPLMN Non-3GPP Networks
SWa
STa
PGW support S2a/S2b interface to implement non-3GPP access S2a support access from trusted non-3GPP, S2b support access from untrusted non-3GPP network S2a is based on PMIP and MIPv4, S2b is based on PMIPv6
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Non-3GPP Access Structure (S2c)

HSS SWx S6a Gxc Gx SGi 3GPP Access Serving Gateway S5 PDN Gateway Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS, etc.) PCRF Rx
S6b Gxb SWm ePDG HPLMN Non-3GPP Networks SWn Gxa Trusted Non3GPP IP Access S2c S2c Untrusted Non -3GPP IP Access 3GPP AAA Server
SWa
STa
UE
S2c
PGW support S2c interface for the access of non-3GPP network S2c is the interface between UE and PGW, UE can get accessed from any network, no need to add new function on roaming network S2c is based on DSMIPv6 protocol
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Contents
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EPC Main Interfaces

interface
S1-MME S1-U S11 S3 S4 S6a S10 S12 S2a S5/S8
protocol
S1AP GTPv1 GTPv2 GTPv2 GTPv2 Diameter GTPv2 GTPv1 PMIPv6/MIPv4 GTPv2
Protocol number
36.413 29.060 29.274 29.274 29.274 29.272 29.274 29.060 RFC5213 29.274
Related NE
eNodeB - MME eNodeB S-GW MME S-GW MME SGSN S-GW SGSN MME - HSS MME - MME S-GW UTRAN P-GW Trusted Non3GPP IP Accesse S-GW P-GW
Interface Function
SM and MM info transfer Tunnel established between GW and eNodeB to transfer data GTP adopted to establish tunnel between MME and GW to transfer signal GTP adopted to establish tunnel between MME and SGSN to transfer signal GTP adopted to establish tunnel between S-GW and SGSN to transfer data and signal User location information switching and user profile information management GTP adopted to establish tunnel between MME to transfer signal Establish tunnel between UTRAN and GW to transfer data Transfer non-3GPP service data GTP adopted to establish tunnel between GW to transfer data
1-26
EPC Main Protocol Stack

S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1 eNodeB S1-MME S1-AP SCTP IP L2 L1 MME
GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1 S11 MME GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1 S-GW
GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1 S10 MME
GTP-C UDP IP L2 L1
Diameter SCTP IP L2 L1 S6a
Diameter SCTP IP L2 L1
MME
MME
HSS
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Contents
1-28
TA (Tracking Area) List ---- Optimization of Mobility Management

TA List2
TA List1
MME
TA 2 TA 4
TA 3 TA 1
TA 5
The Tracking Area Identity is constructed from the MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code) and TAC (Tracking Area Code).
Idea of TA List
All the tracking areas in a Tracking Area List to which a UE is registered are served by the same serving MME.
The MME may initiate the GUTI Reallocation procedure to reallocate TAI list at any time when a signaling association is established between UE and MME. The TAI list may also be reallocated by the Attach or the Tracking Area Update procedures The UE doesnt need trigger TA update procedure when the UE moves in the same TA List. 1-29
ISR (Idle Signaling Reduction) ---Optimization of Mobility Management

TA List2 TA List1
TA3 TA1 TA5 TA4
TA2
ISR
RA1
Combined area
RA3
Combined Area= TA List + RA

The
RA2
RA4
ISR is not recommended to deploy in commercial phase because of its complexity and less benefits. 1-30
UE doesnt need trigger TA update procedure when it moves in the combined area.
IPv4v6 Dual Stack EPS Bearer Handling

Bearer Type IPv4 Ipv6 IPv4v6 LTE Y Y Y 2/3G Y Y Y/N Note UE gets IPv4 address and forward IPv4 packet UE getsIPv6 address and forward IPv6 packet UE gets IPv4 and v6 addresses and forward IPv4 and IPv6 packets
IPv4v6 Bearer Advantage

Solve the problem of forwarding IPv4 and IPv6 addresses within user data in one PDP context, reduce the bearer context numbers needed
LTE and 2/3G bearer is one to one mapping
R8 network IPv4v6 Dual Stack Bearer Processing Method
Terminal
SGSN/MME
MME/SGSN send request to PGW to identify Dual Stack Flag on following conditions
PDN-GW
Bearer Type is decided by terminal capabilities IPv6 and IPv4 supported terminal ask for IPv4v6 IPv4 supported terminal ask for IPv4 IPv6 supported terminal ask for IPv6
PGW check the following conditions to judge if Dual Stack request can be accepted If this APN is not allowed to use two IP addresses, then only one IP address is assigned and return network preference to UE If this APN is allowed to use two IP addresses then assign IPv4 address and IPv6 address and accept the request
if UE signed Dual Stack return deny, otherwise return subscription limitation to UE whether UE can switch to network not support IPv4v6, if yes return single address bearers only to UE
Unclear of the capability of terminal ask for IPv4v6
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EPC Network Security Optimization

Security layer 1 Security layer 2
eNB Xu UE Xu
Security layer 1
S 1- C S 1 -U S 1- C S 1 -U
MME SAE GW
Evolved Packet Core ( EPC )
X2
eNB E - UTRAN
EPS Security and UMTS Security in Common
AS and NAS algorithms

EPS access authentication: AKA EPS security layers ASAccess Stratum security Security between UE and eNB E-UTRAN, including RRC signaling confidentiality, RRC signaling integrity and UP (User Plane) confidentiality NAS Non Access Stratumsecurity Security between UE and MME, including NAS signaling confidentiality and NAS signaling integrity Network Domain Security Security between layer 1 and layer 2, adopting NDS/IPsec
EPS Security and UMTS Security in Difference
SNOW3G AES ZTE support the above algorithms according to 3GPP 33series.
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Analysis of SGSN type in EPC Network

SGSN is GnGp SGSN SGSN is S4 SGSN
There is only one network that is EPC network; Only one set of contracted data is needed in operator network : HSS Only one set of DNS is needed in operator network : R8 DNS(EPC DNS); No problem in communication with non-3GPP network; There is only one set of billing system: EPC billing; Support ISR Good for extension of new functions
Advantage
Less modification to legacy GPRS network Not much modification to legacy 2/3G user service flow and feeling to the service Network structure is simple
Disadvanta ge
GnGp SGSN can not get user attribute and is unable to select GGSN and PGW Two sets of contracted data management: HLR and HSS Support of Pre-R8 DNS(GPRS DNS) and R8 DNS(EPC DNS) is needed Support of GPRS and EPC billing is needed ISR is not supported, it is implemented between S3/S4 SGSN and MME Not good for the extension of following new functions Problem in communication with non 3GPP network: the basic requirement in communication with non 3GPP network is PGW address should be anchored for non optimization switching, but the anchoring of PGW address is reached by inform HSS , but because Gn/Gp SGSN use HLR , it is impossible to inform HSS and save PGW in HSS
More modification to legacy GPRS network, it is required to upgrade the Pre-R8 SGSN to S3/S4 SGSN Network is complicated due to the introducing of S3/S4 SGSN especially because the communication with legacy GPRS network. Service flow and feeling for old 2/3G user is changed Service flow for 2/3G access is changed compared to legacy service flow in these two points:
It is requested that UE support network side initiation process, the initiation process is changed from UE initiate to network side initiate process; QoS negotiation is canceled, if wireless network can not meet the QoS requirement bearer will be deleted directly
Conclusion
For the long term development, S4 SGSN is preferred
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Choice 1: Interworking With S4 SGSN

S6d GSM Gb S4 SGSN S6a S4 UTRAN HSS
GTPv2 UDP IP L2 L1 S4 SGSN S3/S4
Service Continuity
Iu-PS
SGi S12 S1-U S3 S-GW S10 S5/S8 P-GW Internet& Sevice network
LTE
S1-MME MME
EPC
GTPv2 UDP IP L2 L1 MME/SGW
Diameter SCTP/TCP IP L2 L1 S4 SGSN S6d
Diameter SCTP/TCP IP L2 L1 HSS
1-34
Choice 2: Interworking With Gn/Gp SGSN

GSM Gb Gn/Gp SGSN HSS Gr
Via Gn/Gp SGSN
Service Continuity
Gn/Gp Gn/Gp Iu-PS UTRAN S12 S-GW S1-U LTE MME S1-MME S10 S5/S8
S6a
SGi P-GW
Internet& Sevice network
EPC
Via S4 SGSN
To support GERAN/UTRAN handover from GERAN/UTRAN to LTE, the SGSN must be upgraded to R8 LTE to GERAN/UTRAN supported on pre R8 SGSN Does not support of R8 feature ISR Many protocols: GTPv0, V1 and V2, Diameter, MAP 1-35
Need upgrading on SGSN Support of R8 feature as ISR Fewer protocols in the network: GTPv2, Diameter
Mapping between R8 QoS and Pre R8 QoS

TV Music WEB
Stock
R7 Main QoS Profile

Traffic Class ARPGBRMBR Traffic Handling Priority Signalling Indication Source Statistics Descriptor Packet Delay Budget Packet Loss Rate
GGSN Pre R8 PCN SGSN
SAE-GW R8 EPC MME
R8 Main QoS Profile

QoS Class Identifier, QCI ARPGBRMBR UE AMBR APN AMBR
GERAN/UTRAN
EUTRAN
Principle for QoS parameters mapping according 23.401 Mapping of Bearer context, ARP, GBR,MBR is 1 by 1 Mapping of QCI to Traffic Class, Traffic Handling Priority, Signaling Indication, and Source Statistics Descriptor based on configuration and operators requirements More flexible mapping control could be supported Based on APN, subscriber type, IMSI mask
1-36
Standardized QCI Characteristics

QCI
1 2 3 4 5 6 Non-GBR
Resource Type
GBR
Priority
2 4 3 5 1 6
Packet Delay Budget

100 ms 150 ms 50 ms 300 ms 100 ms 300 ms
Packet Error Loss Rate

10-2 10-3 10-3 10-6 10-6 10-6
Example Services
Conversational Voice Conversational Video (Live Streaming) Real Time Gaming Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming) IMS Signalling Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.) Voice, Video (Live Streaming) Interactive Gaming Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.)
100 ms
10-3
8 9
8 9
300 ms
10-6
This QCI is typically associated with an operator controlled service, i.e., a service where the SDF aggregate's uplink / downlink packet filters are known at the point in time when the SDF aggregate is authorized.
1-37
Voice Solutions for LTE

PSTN/PLMN INTRENET PSTN/PLMN
SCC AS MGCF IMS CSCF
INTRENET
HSS
HSS
MGW
MSCS
MME SGs
SAE-PGW
MGW
MSCS
MME Sv
SAE-PGW
CS
EPC
CS
EPC
RAN/GERAN
eNodeB
RAN/GERAN
eNodeB
CS fallback
IMS+SRVCC
Voice over 2/3G, data over LTE/EPC in LTE area Upgrade on MSC/MSCS Overlapped coverage of 2/3G and LTE No IMS Defined in 3GPP R8
All service over LTE/EPC in LTE area IMS needed Upgrade on MSC/MSCS Defined in 3GPP R8 (LTE->CS only)
1-38
LTE Voice SolutionSRVCC

CS Domain E-MSC Server
4 Handover
GERAN Voice Service Continuity IMS Domain UTRAN MME SV EPS Domain
GTP UDP IP L2 L1
SAE-GW
GTP UDP IP L2 L1
MME
Sv
MSC Server
EUTRAN Voice service continuity initiated by PS handoverMSC-MSC handover and domain switch 2G/3G and E-UTRAN overlap in border area SV interface between MME and enhanced MSC develop based on S3 interface
Mature IMS network is deployed

HSPA/IMS to 2G/3G CS SRVCC solution is similar 1-39
LTE Voice SolutionSRVCC
Related NE modification
MSC
Support handover request sent from MME, and initiate CS bearer establishment and domain switch process Support IMS to CS domain switch explained in TS23.237 Can negotiate CS handover and domain switch Initiate MAP location update process on behalf of UE Divide voice and non-voice from PS bearer, for voice bearer initiate SRVCC handover, for non-voice initiate PS handover Negotiate PS handover and SRVCC handover Insert SRVCC VDN to MME during UE attach flow Need to inform network whether SRVCC is supported or not
1-40
MMESGSN HSPA/IMS to 2G/3G occasion
HSS
UE
LTE Voice Solution CS Fallback

CS Domain
SGsAP
GERAN
E-MSC Server
SGsAP SCTP IP L2 L1
SCTP IP
UTRAN
SGs
EPS Domain
L2 L1
MME EUTRAN
MME
SGs
MSC Server
Voice service implemented by using CS lower layer architecture 2G/3G full coverage, that is E-UTRAN coverate area already covered by 2G/3G SGs interface supporting SGsAP based on SCTP developed upon Gs interface SMS service handled specially, NAS message forwarded by EPSamong which SMS related message encapsulatedimplement SMS communication between MSC and UE
1-41
LTE Voice Solution CS Fallback
Related NE modification
UE

EPS/CS mobility management SMS special handling SMS special handling SGs interface protocol stack SGs interface special handling SMS special handling
MSC

MME

E-UTRAN
SMSCS paging handling

1-42
Contents
1-43
ZTE Solution for broadband network

Unified network mgmt Unified user mgmt NetNuman USPP
S OSASCS S S S SCP IM-SSF S S SIP AS S S S S S S
Unified policy mgmt RAC
Features
6 unification
ZEPS
HLR/HSS/AAA/SPR
Service Platform
PCRF
Unified user data management Unified service control and billing policy Unified network management Unified mobility management node --- uMAC Unified gateway -- xGW Unified access network SDR merged network Support multiple network access, including mobile and fixed network access Flat structure Control and beaer seperation
uMAC
SGSN
GGSN
HA
SAE-GW
Unified gateway xGW
MME
AC/SR/BRAS
AGW
ePDG
Unified access network SDR
LTE
UTRAN/GERAN
WiMax / WiFi
xDSL/xPON
ZEPS (ZTE Evolved Packet Solution)

1-44
ZEPS Advanced Platform

Control plane platform
PCRF SGSN MME AAA HSS ZXUN uMAC SAE GW BRAS GGSN

support at most 5000,000 user 99.999% reliability, complete redundancy backup mechanism high density processor, powerful service processing capability
User Plane Platform

New generation of high end SR platform 1.92T switching capacity, 64.8Mpps packer forwarding speed, 160G throughput Support 10GE interface, at most 40G by cascade Hardware QoS, support HQoS, support Qos management for single user per service 99.999% reliability, complete redundancy backup mechanism Powerful RoHC, DPI capability Embedded Firewall, complete security mechanism
AGW HA
PDSN ZXUN xGW

1-45
ZTE Convergent Broadband Packet GW ZXUN xGW

Large Capacity: Tbps level packet GW, 1.92Tbps per cabinet Serialization: 18/72/160G serial products. Convergence & Evolution: Mobile access. Intelligence: Reliability: Intelligent service awareness and management >99.999% reliability, multi redundancy mechanisms with embedded DPI engine. seamlessly convergent for Fix &
T8000 Router Platform
September 2009 BBWF InfoVision Awards
1-46
ZXUN xGW provides telecom-grade Reliability

Firewall Unit
Build-in Firewall
Dedicated
FW module 10Gbps per board Multi-FW load share
Hot Spare Protection

GSU GSU GSU PFU FW GSU PFU N+1
ZXUN xGW
real time backup on subscriber data in service module. 1+1 backup for FW module
Site A
xGW1
Heart beat
Data synch
FW FW FW
Geographical Hot Spare Protection
Site B
Geographical
xGW2
backup on subscriber data, guarantee the session wont be disconnected. No extra support from other NE.
1-47
Green EPC Making Greener Earth

Ava Power (W/Gbps)
Smart Power Supply

Monitoring power consumption in real time Adaptation of output power via automatic control module Power High Integration
High Integration
80 60 40 20
63 52 60 41
ZTE
Fan Switch Board
Service Board
Smart Power Control of Service Board Switch off un-used service boards in free time Switch off unused CPU within
Smart Fan Adaptation

Monitoring system temperature in real time Speed adaptation according to system temperature
service board
Smart Power Control of Switch Board Power on/off control on switch board according to traffic load
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Intelligence: Easy Traffic Control and Management for Mobile Data

DPI
Identify
UBAS
Analyze
PCC
Control
UBAS
Report
Broadband Access
Content-based charging Bandwidth Management Subscriber Behavior Awareness Access Control Service Awareness Routing Management
Internet
disorder, unknown, uncontrollable traffic flow
Each bit generates profit for operators

Security Management
Subscriber Service Analysis-UBAS
manageable, visible and profit-driven traffic flow
P2P Upload P2P Download VoIP WebTV Video Conferencing Gaming email
1-49
ETCA Platform for ZTE RCP Products

CSCF MSCS
ETCA is the new generation unified all IP platform that designed for ZTE control and service layer products.
RCP (RACS/PCC
HSS/AAA/SPR
ETCA is based on ATCA architecture,

which fully meet the operators requirement of high performance, good reliability and expansibility.
ZIMS Series Products
uMAC
ETCA Platform Advantage
Open and standard architecture: Comply with PICMG3.0 R2.0 and IPMI 1.5 Good expansibility: Support performance expansion, memory expansion and I/O expansion High availability: Redundancy mechanism, fault tolerance function and trouble management function Efficiency, lower TCO: Energy saving, highly integrated design, board reuse, protect investment Easy maintenance: IPMI intelligent management platform, which provide equipment management, resource sharing, remote maintenance, system information backup, software online upgrade
1-50
Deployed in IMS SystemService QoS Policy Control

AF-application-identifier Service-info-status Reservation-priority Media-Type Max-request-bandwidth-UL Max-request-bandwidth-DL
CSCF P-CSCF
AS SIP P-CSCF Gq
Session control plane Resource Authorization Request Resource control plane ZXUN RCP Gx(x) Service Resource QoS Control ZXUN RCP Ia Re
SDF-filter QoS-Class-Identifier Max-Requested-Bandwidth-UL Max-Requested-Bandwidth-DL Guaranteed-Bitrate-UL Guaranteed-Bitrate-DL Bearer-Identifier Allocation-Retention-Priority
Rx
PS-GW
SR
Bear plane C-BGF

BRAS
Mobile access
Fixed access
Special policy control equipment (ZXUN RCP) is introduced to guarantee IMS service QoS 1-51
Deployed in IMS SystemCharging Correlation and Charging Rules Control

AF-application-identifier Service-info-status AF-Charging-Identifier SDF-filter Service-Identifier Rating-Group
Conditions Actions Online + Volume. Online + Duration. Offline + Event.
AF
IMS +Video Conf IMS + VoIP . IMS + MMS.
Reporting-Level
Online Offline Metering-Method AF-Charging-Identifier
SPR
ZXUN RCP
Internet PS Core PS-GW
OCS/OFCS
Charging correlation for both control plane and media plane to avoid repeated charging
Service flow based charging, which ensures more flexible and accurate charging.
1-52
Deployed in IMS SystemNAT Control
AF-application-identifier Service-info-status Media-Component -Description Reservation-priority
AF
Binding-Information
IP NAPT (IP_termination)
CLF
ZXUN RCP
NAT Mapping Relation 10.0.1.1/2001 <-> 202.93.2.1/4400 10.0.1.2/2002 <-> 202.93.3.1/4301
Internet
DSLAM
BGF
BRAS
10.0.1.0/24 Private network

Network topology hiding, enhance network security; Solve public/private network interconnection problem; 1-53
202.93.0.0/16 Public network
Deployed in Fixed/Wireless Broadband Data NetworkDPI Based Service Differential Control

Bearing Control/Service Control Layer
NMS/EMS BOSS SPR ZXUN RCP
Service QoS and Charging Policy Control Interface
Policy System
Bearing Network Layer

Access Network
DPI
DPI
DPI
Internet Voice
DPI
DPI
Video Service Networks
Terminate
L2 Aggregation IP Service Edge
Transform from pipe provider to service based subdivided operation Network resource utilization optimization
1-54
ZXUN RCP Deployment in HK CSL

PCC domain
ZXUN SPR ZXUN RCP meeting Video conference OA
AF
VoIP/Centrex
IM
web CE/PE GGSN PE Portal Server Music downl oad stock TV
PS Core
OFCS
OCS
Service domain (VAS)
ZXUN RCP &ZXUN SPR were deployed on the existing PS network to implement the subdivided operation and management 3.5M subscribers supported Include both prepaid and postpaid subscribers Phase 1 was already commercially launched 1-55
ZXUN SPR Deployment in HK CSL

PCC domain
ZXUN SPR ZXUN RCP meeting Video conference OA
AF
VoIP/Centrex
IM
web CE/PE GGSN PE Portal Server Music downl oad stock TV
PS Core
OFCS
OCS
Service domain (VAS)
A database to store PS domain profile policies Providing PCRF with subscriber profile policy information Providing profile policy query Providing profile policy notification Providing dynamic-usage access and update Providing operators with a service handling interface 1-56

Network Basic Principle

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EP_BT001_E1_1 EPC Network Basic Principle

Upon completing the course, you will be able to:

EPC Network Basic Principle

Broadband Trend in Wireless Technology

CDMA2000 Evolution CDMA 1X 153kbps

EPC Network Basic Principle

Unified Packet Core Network Structure

3G DTS Mode Core Network

SGSN 2/3G GGSN 3G-DTS

Unified Core Network

EPC Network Basic Principle

NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB eNodeB

EPC Network Basic Principle

Unified Core Network For Multi-RATs

Wimax AGW PDSN

SAE GW = Serving GW+PDN GW

EPC Network Basic Principle

Intelligent Data Service Awareness

CDMA1X EVDO GPRS EDGE UMTS HSPA WiMax WiFi LTE

Streaming Message Internet VPN

EPC Network Basic Principle

Smooth Evolution of Mobile Network

Legacy Packet Core

Evolved Packet Core

Phase Out over time

EPC Network Basic Principle

EPC standard Evolution

EPC Network Basic Principle

Organizations Leading in LTE/EPC Ecosystem

TSG GERAN TSG RAN Sponsors TSG SA TSG CT

EPC Network Basic Principle

3GPP Versions Released Records

R99 Dec 99 0.384 0.384

Rel-4 Mar 01 0.384 0.384

Rel-5 Mar 02 14.4 0.384

Rel-6 Mar 05 14.4 5.76

Rel-7 Dec 07 28.8 11.52

Rel-9 Mar 10 42 or 82* 11 or 22

CS & PS, R99 Radio Bearers

HSUPA, MBMS, WiLANUMTS IWK

HSPA+ Phase I, LTE/SAE Feasibility

HSPA+ Phase II, LTE/SAE

LTE/SAE Enhance, LTE-Adv Feasibility Study

* HSPA+ = 42 Mbps @ 64QAM + MIMO, 82 Mbps @ DC-HSDPA

EPC Network Basic Principle

EPC Network Basic Principle

EPC Network Basic Principle

EPC Network Basic Principle

EPC Network Basic Principle

EPS interconnecting with S4 SGSN network 3GPP non-roaming scenario

EPC Network Basic Principle

EPS interconnection with Gn/Gp GSN network ----3GPP non-roaming scenario

Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)

PGW provide Gn/Gp interface MME provide Gn/Gp interface

EPC Network Basic Principle

Support 3GPP access, EPC NE functions

EPC Network Basic Principle

3GPP access structure (home routed)

HSS Gx S6a PDN Gateway HPLMN

PCRF Rx SGi Operators IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)

UTRAN SGSN GERAN S3 S1-MME S4 MME S12

S11 LTE - Uu UE E-UTRAN S1-U S10 Serving Gateway

EPC Network Basic Principle

3GPP access structure (Local Break Out)