Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

BI 1: C C
(THIT B C C GIN ON MT NI) PHN I: C S L THUYT 1.1. KHI NIM CHUNG

1.1.2. NH NGHA V C C C c l qu trnh lm tng nng ca dung dch bng cch tch mt phn dung mi nhit si, dung mi tch ra khi dung dch bay ln gi l hi th. C c l phng php thng dng lm tng nng mt cu t no trong dung dch hai hay nhiu cu t. Ty theo tnh cht ca cu t kh bay hi ( hay khng bay hi rong qu trnh ) ta c th tch mt phn dung mi (cu t d bay hi hn) bng phng php nhit hay bng phng php lm lnh kt tinh. 1.1.3. CC PHNG PHP C C Phng php nhit (un nng): Dung mi chuyn t trng thi lng sang trng thi hi di tc dng ca nhit khi p sut ring phn ca n bng p sut tc dng ln mt thong cht lng. Phng php lnh: Khi h thp nhit n mt mc no th mt cu t s tch ra dng tinh th n cht tinh khit, thng l kt tinh dung mi tng nng cht tan. Ty tnh cht cu t v p sut bn ngoi tc dng ln mt thong m qu trnh kt tinh xy ra nhit cao hay thp v i khi phi dng n my lnh.
C c p sut kh quyn: L phng php n gin nhng khng kinh t. C c p sut chn khng: Dng cho cc dung dch c nhit si cao, d

phn hy v nhit,
C c p sut d: Dng cho cc dung dch khng phn hy nhit cao,

s dng hi th cho cc qu trnh khc. 1.1.4. MC CH CA QU TRNH C C Nguyn Th Bch Ngc

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Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

Lm tng nng ca cht ha tan trong dung dch. Tch cht rn ha tan dng rn (kt tinh). Tch dung mi dng nguyn cht (nc ct). 1.1.5. U V NHC IM CA C C CHN KHNG GIN ON u im:
D vn hnh, thao tc d dng. Gi c cht lng, tnh cht sn phm, hay cc cu t d bay hi do dung

dch si nhit thp hn. Nhp liu v tho sn phm n gin, khng cn n nh lu lng. C th c c n cc nng khc nhau. Khng cn phi gia nhit ban u cho dung dch. Cu to n gin gi thnh thp. Nhc im:
Qu trnh c c khng n nh do nhit v p sut khng n dnh, tnh

cht ha l ca dung dch thay i lin tc theo nng , thi gian. Nhit hi th thp, khng dng c cho mc ch khc. Kh gi c chn khng trong thit b. 1.2. CN BNG VT CHT TRONG H THNG C C 1 NI

Theo phng trnh cn bng vt cht ta c:

G = Gc + W
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Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

G .x = Gc .xc (theo hm lng cht kh trong dung dch)

Trong : G Khi lng nguyn liu, [kg]; kg/s Gc Khi lng sn phm, [kg]; kg/s W Lng hi th, [kg]; kg/s xd Nng cht kh trong nguyn liu, [phn khi lng] xc Nng cht kh trong sn phm, [phn khi lng] Lng hi th trong qu trnh c c

x W = G 1 xc
Nng sn phm cui

xc =
1.3.

G .x G . x = Gc G W

CN BNG NHIT LNG TRONG H THNG C C 1 NI

Theo nh lut bo ton nhit .

Q Q

= Qr
v r

= Q1 + Q2 = Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6 + Q7

Trong :

Nguyn Th Bch Ngc

Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

Q1: Nhit do dung dch mang vo Q2: Nhit do nc nng cung cp Q3: Nhit do dung dch sau c c mang ra Q4: Nhit do hi th mang ra Q5: Nhit do nc ngng mang ra Q6: Nhit do qu trnh c c Q7: Nhit tn tht ra mi trng G.c.t + D.C80t80 = Gc.cc.tc + W.i + D.cn.tn + Qc + Qmt Vi: t : Nhit nguyn liu, [] tc ; Nhit sn phm, []. tn : Nhit nc ngng, [] c : Nhit dung ring nguyn liu, [J/kg.] cc : Nhit dung ring sn phm, [J/kg.] cn : Nhit dung ring nc ngng, [J/kg.]. i: Hm nhit trong hi th, [J/kg] C80: nhit dung rin ca nc 80C

Nguyn Th Bch Ngc

Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

Lng nc nng dng cp nhit cho ni

D=

W .i'+ Gc .cc .tc G .c .t + Qc + Qm t C8 0.t8 0

Tnh b mt truyn nhit . Theo phng trnh truyn nhit. Q = K.F..hi = D.(i - cn.tn). Trong : Q: lng nhit truyn, [J]. K: H s truyn nhit,[ W/m2.]. F: Din tch b mt truyn nhit, [m2]. : Thi gian c c,[s]. hi : Hiu s nhit hu ch , [] Rt ra b mt truyn nhit :

F=

D.(i cn t n ) , K .t hi

[m2]

Nguyn Th Bch Ngc

Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

1.4.

CU TO THIT B C C GIN ON MT NI
7 8 6

2 1 433

3 5

Trong : 1. Ni c c 2 v c cnh khuy. 2. Thit b ngng t ng xon. 3. Bnh cha nc ngng t.

4. Bnh cha nc dng cho bm chn khng.

5. Bm chn khng. 6. My khuy trn 7. p k o p sut chn khng. 8. H thng in. PHN II: X L S LIU Nguyn Th Bch Ngc
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GVHD: V Vn Sim

Bng s liu th nghim. Thi gian (pht) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Nng dung dich (Brix) 14.5 16 17.9 20.8 24.5 30.5 35 45 56.5 Lng nc ngng V (ml) 0 560 665 680 550 615 450 635 310 Nhit Nhit Nhit Nhit Nhit nc nc ra nc dd tdd hi th 0 0 vo tv tr ( C) ngoi v ( C) tht (0C) (0C) tng (0C) 30 40 78 63 55 30 40 79 65 63 30 40 79 65 62 30 40 79 65 63 30 40 79 64 62 30 40 79 63 62 30 40 79 65 62 30 40 80 67 65 30 40 81 71 64

Th tch dung dch sau qu trnh c c thu c l: Vc = 1350 (ml) o nhit phng Bx = 68.5
1. Tnh khi lng dung dch ng nhp liu:

Dng nhp liu l dung dch ng c nng cht kh l 14.5 Bx c pha t 1kg ng saccharose 99.85 Bx v dung mi l nc. khi lng dng nhp liu: Gd=mH2O+msaccharose msaccharose 99.85 14.5 mH2O 0
msac 14.5 = m H 2O 85.35

14.5

85.35

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Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

m H 2O =

1 * 85.35 = 5.886( Kg ) 14.5

suy ra Gd = mH2O + msaccharose = 5.886+1= 6.886 kg

Th tch dung dch nhp liu ( V). ta c G = V. (kg).

V = G : = 6.886 :1.05598 = 6.523 (l)

2. Tnh lng dung dch ng thc t sau qu trnh c c:

Gc =Vc * c = 1.350 * 1.33681 = 1.805 (kg) Trong : Gc : Th tch dung dch ng thu c sau qu trnh thc nghim. c : Khi lng ring ca dung dch ng 68.5 Bx

3. Tnh lng nc ngng thc t trong qu trnh c c: W* = Vngng. ngng ( kg) Vngng = 0 + 560 +665 + 680 + 550 + 615 + 450 + 635 + 310 = 4465 (ml) = 0.004465 (m3) W* = 0.004465 * 995.68 = 4.446 (kg)

Trong : Vngng : Tng th tch nc ngng thu c trong sut qu trnh thc nghim.

Nguyn Th Bch Ngc

Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

ngng : Khi lng ring nc ngng ( kg/m3) ( Nc ngng tra 30oC) ngng =995.68

Do lng dung dch c c tht thot nhiu qua cc ln ly mu, nn

ta gi s lng nc ngng thc t khng tht thot vbng vi lng nc ngng theo l thuyt th ta mi tnh c sai s xc .( lc ny sai s gia nc ngng thc t v nc ngng l thuyt =0) Vi W=W* Ta c Gc=G-W , Xc=G* X/Gc Gc=6.886 4.446 = 2.44 (kg) Xc = 6.886 * 14.5 : 2.44 = 40,92 (Bx) 4. Tnh sai s gia l thuyt v thc nghim: + Nng cui ca qu trnh
% SS Xc =
* xc xc

xc

.100 =

40.92 68.5 40.92

.100

= 67.39% Trong
xc : Nng cht kh trong sn phm sau c c theo l thuyt [phn khi lng].
* xc : Nng cht kh trong sn phm c c theo thc t o bng Bx k, [phn

khi lng]. Gii thch kt qu sai s.

Sai s ca nng tng i ln gia thc t v l thuyt nguyn nhn do qu trnh thao tc ly mu lm tht thot lng ln dung dch trong qu trnh ly
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Nguyn Th Bch Ngc

Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

mu. Gi s Bx o c thc t ng vi Bx theo l thuyt th ta mi

tnh c lng nc ngng W v sai s(lc ny sao s ca nng l thuyt v thc t=0) Ta c Xc = Xc* , W = G(1-X/Xc), Gc = G*X/Xc

+ Lng nc ngng thu c trong qu trnh c c:

% SSW = W W * W .100 (%)

Trong W : Lng hi th theo l thuyt, [kg]; kg/s W*: Lng hi th theo thc t, [kg]; kg/s
5. Tnh nng lng v cc i lng cha bit

+ Tnh cn bng nhit cho thit b ngng t v xc nh lu lng nc s dng trong gii nhit ngng t. Ta c: r = Cn.tn Vi: Cn l nhit dung ring ca nc ngng 30C = 4200j/kg. tn l nhit nc ngng t =30C.

Bng kt qu tnh cn bng nhit cho thit b ngng t

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Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

W SST (kg) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.560 0.665 0.680 0.550 0.615 0.450 0.635 0.310

Nhit ngng t r (j/kg) * 126000 126000 126000 126000 126000 126000 126000 126000

Nhit hi th tht (0C) 63 60 67 65 65 65 70 65

Lng Nhit nhit nc vo ngng tv (0C) t Qnt 70560 30 83790 30 85680 30 69300 30 77490 30 56700 30 80010 30 39060 30

Nhit Lu nc ra lng tr (0C) nc Gn 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40

+ Tnh cn bng nhit cho thit b c c v xc nh lng nhit m ngun nng cung cp. Nhit dung ring ca dung dch ng:
c = 4190 (2514 7.542t ) * x

Trong : t l nhit ca dung dch (0C). x l nng ca dung dch (%). + Q1 = G.C.t : nhit do dung dch mang vo. + Q2 = Gn.Cn.tn: nhit do nc nng cung cp + Q3 = Gc.Cc.tc: nhit lng do dung dch ng mang ra + Q4 = W.i: nhit do hi th mang ra + Q5 = Gn.Cn.tn: nhit cn li sau khi lm nng dung dch ng + Q6 = Qc: nhit do qu trnh c c. + Q7 = Qmt nhit tn tht ra mi trng 6 . V th : + th biu din quan h gia ch s Bx vi thi gian c c. Nguyn Th Bch Ngc
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Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

Thi gian (p) Nng (Bx)

0 14. 5

10 16

20 17.9

30 20. 8

40 24. 5

50 30. 5

60 35

70 45

80 56. 5

+ th biu din quan h gia lng nc ngng thu c v thi gian c c. Thi gian (p) lng nc 0 0 10 560 20 1225 30 2570 40 3120 50 3735 60 4185 70 4820 80 5130
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Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

ngng (ml)

PHN III: KT LUN V GII THCH. Thit b c c chn khng 1 ni s dng trng th nghim c c, gip chng ta thc hnh v hiu v qui trnh cng nh cch vn hnh ca thit b c c. y l qu trnh lm tng nng ca dung dch bng cch tch mt phn dung mi nhit si, nh lm vic trong mi trng chn khng, nn nhit si ca dung dch ng Nguyn Th Bch Ngc
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Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

GVHD: V Vn Sim

gim, lm gim s hao ph nhit nng v gip cho sn phm khng b bin tnh khi nhit cao. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh th nghim mc phi nhng sai s ln. Do nhng nguyn nhn sau: Cch vn hnh thit b cha ng lm nh hng ti nhit ca dung dch Bng thng s ca thit b khng n nh v nhiu yu t bn ngoi tc ng v do ch quan dn n vic c thng s khng chnh xc Thao tc th nghim cn chm cha chnh (vd: m hoc ng nhm valve). Vic lm trn s khi tnh ton Nhng sai s sn c trong thit b (vd: do thit b hot ng khng n nh hoc thit b v sinh cha sch Ly nc ngng bng ng ong cho kt qu tng i Vi qui m phng th nghim, nn vic sai st l khng th trnh khi tuy nhin gim hn ch nhng sai st nh hng n kt qu sinh vin cn nm vng kin thc trc khi th nghim, v m bo thit b sn sng thit b hot ng tt nht (vd: v sinh thit b, vn hnh thit b trc t nhit v p sut yu cu ca bi)...

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. S tay qu trnh thit b cng ngh ha hc tp 1.NXB i hc quc gia thnh Ph H Ch Mimh 2. Thc hnh k thut thc phm. Trng i hc cng nghip Thc Phm thnh Nguyn Th Bch Ngc
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Thc hnh K Thut Thc Phm

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Ph H Ch Mimh 3. Thc hnh cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht Trng i hc cng ngh thc phm tp HCM 4. Qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit Tp 5. Trng i hc quc gia thnh Ph H Ch Mimh

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