LI NI U

Trong thi k cng nghip ha v hin i ha nh hin nay, cc thit b in

t, t ng ha ng vai tr rt quan trng, c bit l trong qu trnh sn xut cc
phn xng nh my cng nh trong lnh vc phc v i sng ca con ngi. p
dng cc kin thc c hc trong lnh vc in t (v l thuyt iu khin, k
thut vi x l v cc mn hc v lp trnh) cng nh s gip , hng dn ca thy
gio chng em quyt nh chn ti :
iu khin cc thit b trong nh qua SMS.
Sau thi gian mt hc k (20112) trin khai lm ti ny nhm sinh vin
chng em c m rng v hiu bit thm cch thit k ch to mt thit b in t
phc v i sng v lm quen vi nhiu cng c phc v cho ngnh in t. Cng qua
ti ny nhm cng nhn ra v b sung c nhiu kinh nghim, kin thc qu bu
m ch khi thc s bt tay vo lm nhm mi c th c c.
Nhm sinh vin chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio V Song Tng
nhit tnh gip v nh hng cho chng em hon thnh tt ti ny.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti mn hc Project1, chng em c gng thit k
sao cho h thng n gin, n inh v d s dng nht, tuy nhin do vn thi gian
v kinh nghim ca nhm cn hn ch nn h thng cha hon ho. Chng em rt
mong c s ng gp ca thy gio v cc bn sn phm ca nhm ngy cng
hon thin hn.
Nhm chng en xin chn thnh cm n!
Nhm thc hin ti : Nhm 1 Lp KSTN-TVT-K54
Trn Xun Bch
Hong Vit Cng
Trung c (TL)
Nguyn Trung Qun
Nguyn Duy Ton

MC LC
LI NI U ................................................................................................................................... 1
DANH MC HNH V .................................................................................................................... 4
Chng 1: .......................................................................................................................................... 5
GII THIU ...................................................................................................................................... 5
t vn ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Mc tiu ti ............................................................................................................................... 5
Tng quan h thng ....................................................................................................................... 5
Tng quan bo co ......................................................................................................................... 6
Chng 2: .......................................................................................................................................... 7
C S L THUYT ........................................................................................................................ 7
Gii thiu chng .......................................................................................................................... 7
2.1. Gii thiu vi iu khin PIC18F2550 ..................................................................................... 7
2.2 Gii thiu tp lnh AT ............................................................................................................. 9
2.3. Modul sim 900B ................................................................................................................... 11
2.4. Chun giao tip RS232 ......................................................................................................... 11
2.4.1. u im ca giao din ni tip RS232: ......................................................................... 12
2.4.2. Nhng c im cn lu trong chun RS232 ............................................................. 12
2.4.3. Cc mc in p ng truyn ...................................................................................... 12
2.4.4.Qu trinh truyn d liu .................................................................................................. 12
2.4.5. Tc Baud ................................................................................................................... 13
2.4.6. Bit chn l hay Parity bit ................................................................................................ 13
2.5. Cu trc ca 1 tin nhn SMS ................................................................................................ 13
2.6. Gii thiu v J2ME ............................................................................................................... 13
2.6.1. Lch s ........................................................................................................................... 13
2.6.2. Kin trc ca J2ME ....................................................................................................... 14
2.6.3.Gii thiu MIDP ............................................................................................................. 16
2.7. Cc cng c s dng ............................................................................................................. 18
2.7.1. CCS C ............................................................................................................................ 18
2.7.2. Proteus 7.2 ..................................................................................................................... 18
2.7.3. Altium ............................................................................................................................ 18
2.7.4. Netbeans IDE ................................................................................................................. 19
2

2.7.5. Java ME SDK ................................................................................................................ 20

Kt lun chng........................................................................................................................... 20
Chng 3: ........................................................................................................................................ 21
THIT K H THNG .................................................................................................................. 21
Gii thiu chng ........................................................................................................................ 21
3.1. Phn tch yu cu h thng ................................................................................................... 21
3.1.1. Yu cu chc nng ......................................................................................................... 21
3.1.2. Yu cu phi chc nng ................................................................................................... 21
3.2. Thit k phn cng ............................................................................................................... 22
3.2.1. Phn tch v la chn gii php ..................................................................................... 22
3.2.2. Thit k .......................................................................................................................... 24
3.3. Thit k phn mm cho vi iu khin ................................................................................... 28
3.3.1. La chn gii php......................................................................................................... 28
3.3.2. Thit k firmware........................................................................................................... 29
3.4. Thit k phn mm trn in thoi ....................................................................................... 33
3.4.1. Yu cu ca h thng ..................................................................................................... 33
3.4.2. Thit k h thng ........................................................................................................... 34
Kt lun chng........................................................................................................................... 35
Chng 4: ........................................................................................................................................ 36
KT QU T C V KINH NGHIM ............................................................................... 36
4.1. Kt qu t c ................................................................................................................... 36
4.2. Kinh nghim rt ra ................................................................................................................ 40
Chng 5: ........................................................................................................................................ 43
KT LUN ..................................................................................................................................... 43
5.1. Nhng im cn hn ch ...................................................................................................... 43
5.2. Hng pht trin ca ti................................................................................................... 44
5.3. Kt lun................................................................................................................................. 44
DANH MC T VIT TT .......................................................................................................... 45
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................................... 47
PH LC 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 48
S nguyn l ton b h thng ................................................................................................... 48

DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 2.1: S chn vi iu khin PIC18F2550.
Hnh 2.2: S kin trc J2ME.
Hnh 2.3: So snh cc thng s k thut ca CDC v CLDC.
Hnh 3.1: S lin kt cc modul ca h thng.
Hnh 3.2: S nguyn l b m s dng 74HC125.
Hnh 3.3: S nguyn l modul sim 900B.
Hnh 3.4: S chn modul vi iu khin PIC18F2550
Hnh 3.5: S nguyn l b ngun
Hnh 3.6.:S cu trc firmware ca PIC18F2550.
Hnh 3.7: S chc nng phn mm trn in thoi.
Hnh 3.8: S DFD mc nh ca phn mm trn in thoi.
Hnh 4.1: Thit b nhn v gii m tn hiu.
Hnh 4.2: Giao din phn mm.
Hnh 4.3: Giao din phn mm.
Hnh 4.4: Demo bt 2 n s 5 v 8.
Hnh 4.5: Demo bt 4 n s 1, 3, 5 v 8.
Hnh p.1: S nguyn l b m.
Hnh p.2: S nguyn l modul sim 900B.
Hnh p.3:S nguyn l khi PIC18F2550.
Hnh p.4: S nguyn l khi ngun.
Hnh p.5: S nguyn l main board.
4

Chng 1:
GII THIU
t vn
Cng ngh nhy cng pht trin v thm nhp su hn vo cuc sng ca con
ngi. Hn 5 nm trc in thoi cn l mt hng kh t th gi y nhng chic
smartphone mnh m tr thnh ngi bn khng th thiu trong cuc sng ca
nhiu ngi. Chng ta khng nhng c th gi in, nhn tin n thun trn in thoi
nh trc m gi c th chi game, lt web, check mail hay s dng nhng phn
mm tin ch khc phc v cho i sng hng ngy. Vy ti sao chng ta khng ngh
ti mt thit b c th gip chng ta iu khin, gim st mi thiu b in trong cn
nh yu qu ca mnh thng qua vi thao tc n gin trn chic in thoi di ng?
Hy tng tng, nu bn i lm v phn vn khng bit mnh tt l vi sng hay
cha? Bn mun bt sn bnh nng lnh vo ma ng hay bt trc iu ha vo ma
h trc khi v nh? Bn i du lch nhiu ngy v khng mun cy cnh trong vn
kh ho hay th cng b cht v i? Tt c cc iu trn s khng cn l mi bn
tm nu bn s hu mt thit b nh gn cho php bn iu khin mi th trong nh
thng qua chic in thoi ca mnh.

Mc tiu ti
ti hng ti vic thit k mt thit b nh gn c kt ni vi cc thit b
in trong nh gip ngi s dng c th d dng iu khin mi th qua phn mm
gn nh c ci trn in thoi hay smartphone. Thit b phi c kh nng hot ng
bn b 24/7, phi thc hin nhanh gn v chnh xc mi khi c yu cu, giao din
ngi dng cho phn mm trn in thoi phi thn thin v d dng nng cp cng
nh b sung thm s lng cc thit b c th iu khin.

Tng quan h thng

m bo thc hin c cc mc tiu trn chng ti s dng mt modul sim
trong vc gi v nhn tin nhn cho cc mng GSM ph bin Vit Nam. Mt vi iu
khin gii m v thc hin cc lnh. Thit b cng cn c giao din ngi dng n
gin bao gm 1 LCD (ch dng khi debug v ci t) v cc n LED hin th trng

thi ca h thng cng nh bt tt ca thit b. Ngoi ra cn cn c mt ng dng gi

lnh iu khin cc thit b t xa trn in thoi di ng.

Tng quan bo co
Trong bo co ny nhm s trnh by chi tit v:
C s l thuyt (v c phn cng v phn mm), cc cng c s dng.
Yu cu h thng.
Nu ra cc gii php cng ngh v la chn gii php.
Thit k h thng.
Kt qu t c, kinh nghim rt ra v kt lun.

Chng 2:
C S L THUYT
Gii thiu chng
Chng ny s cp n c s l thuyt ca cc phn mm cng nh phn
cng s s dng trong n nh vi iu khin, modul sim, tp lnh AT v cc cng
ngh lin quan; cc phn mm s s dng trong n.

2.1. Gii thiu vi iu khin PIC18F2550

Vi iu khin PIC18F2550 nm trong h PIC18, l dng vi iu khin Pic c
tnh thc thi cao ca hng Mcrochip. y l dng vi iu khin c s dng nhiu
trong cc ng dng h thng nhng cng nghip.
Thng qua cng ngh Nanowat, hng Microchip a vo bn trong thit b
PIC18F2550 cc chc nng c trng m khin n c th gim c ng k s tiu
th nng lng trong sut qu trnh hot ng. Bao gm nh:
Cc ch chy xen k: Bng cch to xung nhp cho khi iu khin t
ngun Timer1 hoc t khi to dao ng bn trong, nng lng tiu th
trong sut qu trnh thc thi m c th gim 90%
Cc ch Idle: Khi iu khin c th chy vi li CPU ca n khng
hot ng nh cc thit b ngoi vi vn trng thi hot ng. Trong cc
trng thi ny, thit trung bnh hot ng.
Ch chuyn mch on-the-fly: Cc ch qun l nng lng c gi
ra bi ngi dng trong sut qu trnh thao tc m, cho php h c th
a ra cc tng tit kim nng lng vo bn trong cc thit k phn
mm ca ng dng.
Cc ch kha tiu th t nng lng : Khin cho nng lng cn cho c
b Timer1 v b Watchdog Timer l rt nh.
PIC18F2550 c Microchip h tr ln ti mi hai la chn ch dao ng
khc nhau, v vy ngi dng c th ty bin hn rt nhiu tng qu trnh thit k phn
cng so vi cc thit b khc. N bao gm:
7

 Bn ch dao ng tinh th bng cch s dng cc b cng hng tinh

th hoc ceramic.
Bn ch dao ng xung bn ngoi.
Mt khi to dao ng bn trong cung cp mt xung tn hiu c tn s
8MHZ vi chnh xc 2% v mt ngun INTRC (khong 31kHz).
Mt b nhn tn PLL, c th bao gm c ch dao ng tinh th tc
cao v cc ch dao ng bn ngoi, cho php tc xung c mt
phm vi rng t 4MHZ ti 48MHZ
Hai xung hot ng khng ng b vi nhau, cho php module USB c
th chy c vi b to dao ng tn s cao trong khi phn cn li ca
vi iu khin th c to xung dao ng t mt b to dao ng cng
sut thp bn trong.
Ngoi ra PIC18F2550 cn c a vo mt m un truyn thng USB y
ph hp vi cc c im k thut ca chun USB 2.0. M un h tr c hai kiu
truyn thng low-speed v full-speed cho tt c cc kiu d liu m n h tr. N cng
c tch hp thm mt b thu-pht v b iu chnh in p 3.3V trn chip ca n v
h tr s dng vi cc b thu pht v iu chnh in p bn ngoi.

Hnh 2.1: S chn PIC18F2550

2.2 Gii thiu tp lnh AT

Nm 1977, Dennis Hayes s dng chun truyn thng RS232 n gin kt ni
Modem thng minh (Smart modem) ti mt my tnh truyn c lnh v d liu. Bi
v mi lnh bt u vi ch AT trong ch Attention nn ngn ng iu khin c
nh ngha bi Hayes nhanh chng c bit ti vi b lnh Hayes AT. Chnh v s
n gin v kh nng thc thi vi chi ph thp ca n, b lnh Hayes AT nhanh chng
c s dng ph bin trong cc modem ca cc nh sn xut khc nhau. Khi chc
nng v tch hp ca cc modem ngay cng tng cng vi thi gian, nn lm cho
ngn ng lnh Hayes AT v nhanh chng mi nh sn xut modem s dng ngn
ng ca ng. Ngy nay, b lnh AT bao gm c cc lnh v d liu, fax,voice v cc
truyn thng SMS.
Cc lnh AT l cc hng dn c s dng iu khin mt modem. AT l
mt cch vit gn ca ch Attention. Mi dng lnh ca n bt u vi AT hay at.
l l do ti sao cc lnh Modem c gi l cc lnh AT. Nhiu lnh ca n c
s dng iu khin cc modem quay s s dng dy mi (wired dial-up modems).
Chng hn nh : ATD (Dial), ATA (Answer), ATH (Hool control) v ATO
(return to online data state), cng c h tr bi cc modem GSM/GPRS v cc in
thoi di ng. Bn cnh b lnh AT thng dng ny, cc modem GSM/GPRS v cc
in thoi di ng cn c h tr bi mt b lnh AT c bit i vi cng ngh
GSM. N bao gm cc lnh lin quan ti SMS:
AT+ CMGS : gi tin nhn SMS
AT+CMSS: gi tin nhn SMS t mt vng lu tr
AT+CMGL: chui lit k cc tin nhn SMS
AT+CMGR: c tin nhn SMS
Ch l khi ng AT l mt tin t thng bo ti modem v s bt u
ca mt dng lnh. N khng phi l mt phn ca tn lnh. Sau y l mt vi nhim
v c th hon thnh bng cch s dng cc lnh AT kt hp vi s dng mt modem
GSM/GPRS hay mt in thoi di ng:
Ly thng tin c bn v in thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS. V d nh
tn ca nh sn xut (AT+CGMI), s model (AT+CGMM), s IMEI
(International Mobile Equipment Identity) (AT+CGSN) v phin bn phn mm
(AT+CGMR).
9

 Ly cc thng tin c bn v nhng ngi k tn di y. Th d, MSISDN

(AT+CNUM) v s IMS (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) (AT+CIMI).
Ly thng tin trng thi hin ti ca in thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS.
V d nh trng thi hot ng ca in thoi (AT+CPAS), trng thi ng k
mng mobile (AT+CREG), chiu di sng radio (AT+CSQ), mc sc pin v
trng thi sc pin (AT+CBC).
Thit lp mt kt ni d liu hay kt ni voice ti mt remote iu khin (ATD,
ATA,..)
Gi v nhn fax (ATD, ATA,AT+F*)
Gi (AT+CMGS, AT+CMSS), c (AT+CMGR, AT+CMGL), vit
(AT+CMGW) hay xa tin nhn SMS (AT+CMGD) v nhn cc thng bo ca
cc tin nhn SMS nhn c mi nht (AT+CNMI).
c (AT+CPBR), vit (AT+CPBW) hay tm kim (AT+CPBF) c mc v danh
b in thoi (phonebook).
Thc thi cc nhim v lin quan ti an ton, chng hn nh m hay ng cc
kha chc nng (AT+CLCK), kim tra xem mt chc nng c kha hay cha
(AT+CLCK) v thay i password (AT+CPWD).
iu khin hot ng ca cc m kt qu/cc thng bo li ca cc lnh AT. V
d, bn c th iu khin cho php hay khng cho php kch hot hin th thng
bo li (AT+CMEE) v cc thng bo li nn c hin th theo dng s hay
theo dng dng ch (AT+CMEE=1 hay AT+CMEE=2).
Thit lp hay thay i cu hnh ca in thoi di dng hay modem GSM/GPRS.
V d, thay i mng GSM (AT+COPS), loi dch v ca b truyn tin
(AT+CBST), cc thng s protocol lin kt vi radio (AT+CRLP), a ch trung
tm SMS (AT+CSCA) v khu vc lu tr cc tin nhn SMS (AT+CPMS).
Lu v phc hi cc cu hnh ca in thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS.
V d, lu (AT+COPS) v phc hi (AT+CRES) cc thit lp lin quan ti tin
nhn SMS chng hn nh a ch trung tm tin nhn SMS.

10

2.3. Modul sim 900B

c thit k phc v th trng ton cu, SIM900B p ng tiu chun bn
bng tn GPS/GPRS, n lm vic nhng tn s GSM 850MHz, EGSM 900MHz,
DCS 1800MHz. SIM900B h tr chun GPRS multi-slot class10/class8.
SIM900B c cu trc nh, thng s cc chiu l 40x33x3mm, nn n c th
c s dng trong hu ht cc thit b nh M2M, smart phone, PDA, FWP v cc
thit b di ng. SIM990B c 60 chn connector phc v giao tip gia module v bo
mch v mt anten RF. Ngoi ra, SIM900 cn c cc u im sau:
Serial port v debug port gip ngi s dng c th d dng pht trin
cc ng dng.
SIM900 bao gm hai knh audio, hai ng mic v hai ng loa.
Bn phm v hin th SPI gip ngi dng c th pht trin ng dng
mt cch d dng.
SIM900 tch hp chun TCP/IP protocol v s dng tp lnh AT rt thch hp
cho cc ng dng truyn d liu.

2.4. Chun giao tip RS232

Vn giao tip gia PC va vi iu khin rt quan trng trong cc ng dng
iu khin, o lng... Ghp ni qua cng ni tip RS232 l mt trong nhng k thut
c s dng rng ri ghp ni cc thit b ngoi vi vi my tnh. N l mt chun
giao tip ni tip dung nh dng khng ng b, kt ni nhiu nht l 2 thit b, chiu
di kt ni ln nht cho php m bo d liu l 12.5 n 25.4m, tc 20kbit/s i
khi l tc 115kbit/s vi mt s thit b c bit.
ngha ca chun truyn thng ni tip ngha l trong mt thi im ch c mt
bit c gi i dc theo ng truyn.
C hai phin bn RS232 c lu hnh trong thi gian tng i di l RS232B
v RS232C. Nhng cho n nay thi phin bn RS232B c thi t c dng con
RS232C hin vn c dng v tn ti thng c gi l tn ngn gn l chun
RS232.
Cc my tnh thng c 1 hoc 2 cng ni tip theo chun RS232C c gi l
cng Com. Chng c dng ghp ni cho chut, modem, thit b o lng...Trn
11

main my tnh c loi 9 chn hoc li 25 chn ty vo i my v main ca my tnh.

Vic thit k giao tip vi cng RS232 cng tng i d dng, c bit khi chn ch
hot ng l khng ng b va tc truyn d liu thp.
2.4.1. u im ca giao din ni tip RS232:

Kh nng chng nhiu ca cc cng ni tip cao.

Thit b ngoi vi c th tho lp ngay c khi my tnh ang c cp in.
Cc mch in n gin c th nhn c in p ngun nui qua cng ni tip.
2.4.2. Nhng c im cn lu trong chun RS232

Trong chun RS232 c mc gii hn trn va di (logic 0 va 1) la +-12V. Hin

nay ang c c nh tr khng ti trong phm vi t 3000 m - 7000 m.
Mc logic 1 c in p nm trong khong -3V n -12V, mc logic 0 t +-3V
n 12V.
Tc truyn nhn d liu cc i l 100kbps ( ngay nay c th ln hn)
Cc li vao phi c in dung nh hn 2500pF.
Tr khng ti phi ln hn 3000 m nhng phi nh hn 7000 m.
di ca cp ni gia my tnh v thit b ngoi vi ghp ni qua cng ni tip
RS232 khng vt qu 15m nu chng ta khng s model.
Cc gi tr tc truyn d liu chun : 50, 75, 110, 750, 300, 600, 1200, 2400,
4800, 9600, 19200, 28800, 38400... 56600, 115200 bps.
2.4.3. Cc mc in p ng truyn

RS 232 s dng phng thc truyn thng khng i xng, tc la s dng tn

hiu in p chnh lch gia mt dy dn v t. Do ngay t u tin ra i n
mang v li thi ca chun TTL, n vn s dng cc mc in p tng thch TTL
m t cc mc logic 0 va 1. Ngoi mc in p tiu chun cng c nh cc gi tr tr
khng ti c u vo bus ca b phn v cc tr khng ra ca b pht.
Mc in p ca tieu chun RS232C c m t nh sau:
Mc logic 0 : +3V , +12V
Mc logic 1 : -12V, -3V
2.4.4.Qu trinh truyn d liu

Truyn d liu qua cng ni tip RS232 c thc hin khng ng b. Do vy nn

ti mt thi im ch c mt bit c truyn (1 k t). B truyn gi mt bit bt u
(bit start) thng bo cho b nhn bit mt k t s c gi n trong ln truyn bit
tip theo . Bit ny lun bt u bng mc 0.. Tip theo l cc bit d liu (bits data)
12

c gi di dng m ASCII( c th l 5,6,7 hay 8 bit d liu) Sau l mt Parity

bit ( Kim tra bit chn, l hay khng) v cui cng l bit dng - bit stop c th la 1, 1,5
hay 2 bit dng.
2.4.5. Tc Baud

y l mt tham s c trng ca RS232. Tham s nay chnh l c trng cho

qu trnh truyn d liu qua cng ni tip RS232 l tc truyn nhn d liu hay con
gi l tc bit. Tc bit c nh ngha la s bit truyn c trong thi gian 1 giy
hay s bit truyn c trong thi gian 1 giy. Tc bit nay phi c thit lp bn
pht v bn nhn u phi c tc nh nhau ( Tc gia vi iu khin va my tnh
phi chung nhau 1 tc truyn bit)
Ngoi tc bit cn mt tham s m t tc truyn l tc Baud. Tc
Baud lin quan n tc m phn t m ha d liu c s dng din t bit c
truyn cn tc bit thi phn nh tc thc t m cc bit c truyn.V mt phn t
bo hiu s m ha mt bit nn khi hai tc bit v tc baud l phi ng nht
2.4.6. Bit chn l hay Parity bit

y l bit kim tra li tren ng truyn. Thc cht ca qu trnh kim tra li
khi truyn d liu l b xung thm d liu c truyn tm ra hoc sa mt s li
trong qu trinh truyn . Do trong chun RS232 s dng mt k thut kim tra chn
l.

2.5. Cu trc ca 1 tin nhn SMS

Mt tin nhn SMS c gi i thc cht l 1 dy byte cha nhiu thng tin bao
gm: Ngy thng gi tin, s in thoi gi tin, s in thoi nhn tin, s in thoi tng
i nhn tin v ni dung tin nhn. Ring phng ni dung tin nhn c di 140 byte v
thng c m ha thnh 7 bit hoc 16 bit cho mi k t.

2.6. Gii thiu v J2ME

2.6.1. Lch s

J2ME c pht trin t kin trc Java Card, Embeded Java v Personal Java
ca phin bn Java 1.1. n s ra i ca Java 2 th Sun quyt nh thay th Personal
Java v c gi vi tn mi l Java 2 Micro Edition, hay vit tt l J2ME. ng vi
tn gi, J2ME l nn tng cho cc thit b c tnh cht nh, gn nh:

13

 Cc lai th c nhn nh Java Card

My in thoi di ng
My PDA (Personal Digital Assistant - thit b tr gip c nhn)
Cc hp iu khin dnh cho tivi, thit b gii tr gia dng
2.6.2. Kin trc ca J2ME

Hnh 2.2: S kin trc J2ME

nh ngha v Configuration (Cu hnh): l c t nh ngha mt mi trng
phn mm cho mt dng cc thit b c phn loi bi tp hp cc c tnh, v d
nh:
Kiu v s lng b nh
Kiu v tc b vi x l
Kiu mng kt ni
Do y l c t nn cc nh sn xut thit b nh Samsung, Nokia bt buc
phi thc thi y cc c t do Sun qui nh cc lp trnh vin c th da vo mi
trng lp trnh nht qun v thng qua s nht qun ny, cc ng dng c to ra c
th mang tnh c lp thit b cao nht c th. V d nh mt lp trnh vin vit chng
trnh game cho in thoi Samsung th c th sa i chng trnh ca mnh mt cch
ti thiu nht c th chy trn in thai Nokia..

14

Hin nay Sun a ra 2 dng Configuration:

CLDC (Connected Limited Device Configuration-Cu hnh thit b kt ni gii
hn): c thit k nhm vo th trng cc thit b cp thp (low-end), cc
thit b ny thng thng l my in thai di ng v PDA vi khong 512
KB b nh. V ti nguyn b nh hn ch nn CLDC c gn vi Java khng
dy (Java Wireless ), dng nh cho php ngi s dng mua v ti v cc ng
dng Java, v d nh l Midlet.
CDC- Connected Device Configuration (Cu hnh thit b kt ni): CDC c
a ra nhm n cc thit b c tnh nng mnh hn dng thit b thuc CLDC
nhng vn yu hn cc h thng my bn s dng J2SE. Nhng thit b ny
c nhiu b nh hn (thng thng l trn 2Mb) v c b x l mnh hn. Cc
sn phm ny c th k n nh cc my PDA cp cao, in thoi web, cc
thit b gia dng trong gia nh
C 2 dng Cu hnh k trn u cha my o Java (Java Virtual Machine) v tp
hp cc lp (class) Java c bn cung cp mt mi trng cho cc ng dng J2ME.
Tuy nhin, phi ch rng i vi cc thit b cp thp, do hn ch v ti nguyn nh
b nh v b x l nn khng th yu cu my o h tr tt c cc tnh nng nh vi
my o ca J2SE, v d, cc thit b thuc CLDC khng c phn cng yu cu cc
php tnh ton du phy ng, nn my o thuc CLDC khng c yu cu h tr
kiu float v double.

Hnh 2.3: So snh cc thng s k thut ca CDC v CLDC

nh ngha v Profile: Profile m rng Configuration bng cch thm vo cc
class b tr cc tnh nng cho tng thit b chuyn bit. C 2 Configuration u c
nhng profile lin quan v t nhng profile ny c th dng cc class ln nhau. n
y ta c th nhn thy do mi profile nh ngha mt tp hp cc class khc nhau, nn
thng ta khng th chuyn mt ng dng Java vit cho mt profile ny v chy trn
mt my h tr mt profile khc. Cng vi l do , bn khng th ly mt ng dng
15

vit trn J2SE hay J2EE v chy trn cc my h tr J2ME. Sau y l cc profile tiu
biu:
Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP): profile ny s b sung cc tnh
nng nh h tr kt ni, cc thnh phn h tr giao din ngi dng vo
CLDC. Profile ny c thit k ch yu nhm vo in thai di ng vi
c tnh l mn hnh hin th hn ch, dung lng cha c hn. Do MIDP s
cung cp mt giao din ngi dng n gin v cc tnh nng mng n gin
da trn HTTP. C th ni MIDP l profile ni ting nht bi v n l kin thc
c bn cho lp trnh Java trn cc my di ng (Wireless Java).
PDA Profile: tng t MIDP, nhng vi th trng l cc my PDA vi mn
hnh v b nh ln hn.
Foundation Profile: cho php m rng cc tnh nng ca CDC vi phn ln cc
th vin ca b Core Java2 1.3.
2.6.3.Gii thiu MIDP

A. nh ngha:
y l Profile c nh ngha dnh ring cho cc thit b di ng v l thnh
phn chnh trong J2ME. MIDP cung cp cc chc nng c bn cho hu ht cc dng
thit b di ng ph bin nht nh cc my in thoi di ng v cc my PDA. Tuy
nhin MIDP c thit k cho cc my di ng c cu hnh rt thp. Cc tnh nng m
MIDP cung cp v nhng gii hn ca n.

B. Nhng chc nng MIDP khng thc hin c:

Php tnh du phy ng (floating point): Php tnh ny i hi rt nhiu ti
nguyn CPU v phn ln cc CPU cho cc thit b di ng khng h tr php
tnh ny, do MIDP cng khng c.
B np class (Class Loader).
H tr t kha finalize() nh trong J2SE: Vic dn dp ti nguyn trc khi
n b xa c y v pha cc lp trnh vin.
Khng h tr JNI.
H tr hn ch thao tc bt li.
Phn ln cc th vin API cho Swing v AWT khng th s dng c trong
MIDP.
Khng h tr cc tnh nng qun l file v th mc: y c th lm bn ngc
nhin nhng thc t l cc thit b J2ME khng c h tr cc thit b lu tr
16

thng thng nh cng v.v. Tuy nhin, iu khng c ngha l bn phi

mt i mi d liu quan trng mi khi tt my, Sun cung cp mt chc nng
khc tng ng gi l Record Management system (RMS) cung cp kh
nng lu tr cho cc thit b ny.
C. Nhng chc nng MIDP cung cp
Cc lp v kiu d liu: Phn ln cc lp m cc lp trnh vin Java quen thuc
vn cn c gi li v d nh cc lp trong gi java.util nh Stack, Vector v
Hastable cng nh Enumeration.
H tr i tng Display: ng nh tn gi mt chng trnh MIDP s h tr
duy nht mt i tng Display l i tng qun l vic hin th d liu trn
mn hnh in thoi.
H tr Form v cc giao din ngi dng.
H tr Timer v Alert.
Cung cp tnh nng Record Management System (RMS) cho vic lu tr d liu
Ngoi ra vo thng 11 nm 2003 Sun tung ra MIDP 2.0 vi hng lot tnh
nng khc c cung cp thm so vi bn 1.0. Nhng ci tin ni bt so vi MIDP 1.0
Nng cp cc tnh nng bo mt nh:
Download qua mng an ton hn qua vic h tr giao thc HTTPS.
Kim sot vic kt ni gia my di ng v server: v d nh cc chng trnh
khng th kt ni ti server nu thiu s chp thun ca ngi s dng.
Thm cc API h tr Multimedia. Mt trong nhng ci tin hp dn nht ca
MIDP 2.0 l tp cc API media ca n. Cc API ny l mt tp con ch h tr
m thanh ca Mobile Media API (MMAPI).
M rng cc tnh nng ca Form. Nhiu ci tin c a vo API
javax.microedition.lcdui trong MIDP 2.0, nhng cc thay i ln nht (ngoi
API cho game) l trong Form v Item.
H tr kiu nh RGB: mt trong nhng ci tin hp dn cho cc nh pht trin
MIDP l vic biu din hnh nh di dng cc mng s nguyn, cho php
MIDlet thao tc vi d liu hnh nh mt cch trc tip.

17

2.7. Cc cng c s dng

2.7.1. CCS C

CCS l trnh bin dch lp trnh ngn ng C cho vi iu khin Pic ca hng
Microchip. Chng trnh l s tch hp ca 3 trnh bin dch ring bit cho 3 dng PIC
khc nhay l:
PCB cho dng PIC 12-bit opcodes.
PCM cho dng PIC 14-bit opcodes.
PCh cho dng PIC 16 v 18 bit.
Tt c 3 trnh bin dch ny c tch hp li trong mt chng trnh bao gm
c trnh son tho v bin dch l CCS.
Ging nh nhiu trnh bin dch C khc cho PIC, CCS gip ngi s dng nm
bt nhanh c vi iu khin PIC v s dng PIC trong cc d n. Cc chng trnh
iu khin s c thc hin nhanh chng v t hiu qu cao thng qua vic s dng
ngn ng lp trnh cp cao Ngn ng C.

2.7.2. Proteus 7.2

Phn mm Proteus l phn mm cho php m phng hot ng ca mch in

t bao gm phn thit k mch v vit chng trnh iu khin cho cc h vi iu
khin nh MCS-51, PIC, AVR, Proteus l phn mm m phng mch in t ca
Lancenter Electronics, m phng cho hu ht cc linh kin in t thng dng, c bit
h tr cho c cc MCU nh PIC, 8051, AVR, Motorola.
Phn mm bao gm 2 chng trnh: ISIS cho php m phng mch v ARES
dng v mch in. Proteus l cng c m phng cho cc loi Vi iu Khin kh tt,
n h tr cc dng VK PIC, 8051, PIC, dsPIC, AVR, HC11, MSP430,
ARM7/LPC2000, ... cc giao tip I2C, SPI, CAN, USB, Ethenet,... ngoi ra cn m
phng cc mch s, mch tng t mt cch hiu qu.

2.7.3. Altium

Phn mm thit k mch t ng Altium Designer l mt mi trng thit k

in t ng nht, tch hp c thit k nguyn l, thit k mch in PCB, thit k vi iu
khin v FPGA.

18

Cc c trng c bn:
Giao din thit k, qun l v chnh sa thn thin, d dng bin dch, qun l
file, qun l phin bn cho cc ti liu thit k.
H tr mnh m cho vic thit k t ng, i dy t ng theo thut ton ti u,
phn tch lp rp linh kin. H tr vic tm cc gii php thit k hoc chnh sa
mch, linh kin, netlist c sn t trc theo cc tham s mi.
M, xem v in cc file thit k mch d dng vi y cc thng tin linh kin,
netlist, d liu bn v, kch thc, s lng
H thng cc th vin linh kin phong ph, chi tit v hon chnh bao gm tt c
cc linh kin nhng, s, tng t...
t v sa i tng trn cc lp c kh, nh ngha cc lut thit k, ty chnh
cc lp mch in, chuyn t schematic sang PCB, t v tr linh kin trn PCB.
M phng mch PCB 3D, em li hnh nh mch in trung thc trong khng
gian 3 chiu, h tr MCAD-ECAD, lin kt trc tip vi m hnh STEP, kim
tra khong cch cch in, cu hnh cho c 2D v 3D.
H tr thit k PCB sang FPGA v ngc li.
Kt hp vi cc board mch cng nh NB2, NB3000 thnh mt phng th
nghim hon chnh v y gip ngi thit k rt ngn thi gian t thit k
n cc sn phm thc t.
2.7.4. Netbeans IDE

NetBean IDE l mt mi trng pht trin tch hp (Integrated Development

Environment) kiu nh Visual Studio ca Microsoft v c xem l mt mt b ng
dng "must-download" dnh cho cc nh pht trin phn mm.
NetBean IDE h tr nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau nh Windows, Mac, Linux,
v Solaris. NetBean bao gm mt IDE m ngun m v mt nn tng ng dng cho
php nh pht trin nhanh chng to nn cc ng dng dnh cho web, doanh nghip,
desktop v thit b di ng bng cc ngn ng lp trnh Java, C/C++, JavaScript, Ruby,
Groovy, v PHP.
NetBeans IDE 7.1.1 cung cp nhiu tnh nng mi nh shortcut tm kim trong
ton b IDE gi l QuickSearch, giao din thn thin hn vi ngi dng, v tnh nng
t ng bin dch khi lu (Compile on Save). Ngoi vic h tr Java mi phin bn
(Java SE, Java EE, Java ME), NetBean IDE cn l cng c l tng cho vic pht trin
phn mm bng cc ngn ng PHP, C/C++, Groovy and Grails, Ruby and Rails, Ajax
and JavaScript.
19

2.7.5. Java ME SDK

B Java ME SDK l mt cng c c ci tin rt nhiu. N da trn b khung

Netbeans mnh gip cho n d dng c m rng v chuyn i hn trc. N kt
hp tt c cc nn tng Java ME chnh yu (in thoi di ng, smart phone v Bluray) vo trong mt cng c duy nht. Gi lp Java ME by gi chnh xc hn nhiu vi
my o phoneME c s dng trn hng triu thit b hin nay. B th vin ph bin
Lightweight UI Toolkit (LWUIT) by gi c tnh hp sn trong Java ME SDK nh
l mt ty chn cng thm gip pht trin giao din thm phong ph.

Kt lun chng
Chng ti trnh by nhng khi nim quan trng nht cng nh nhng phn
cng, phn mm v cng ngh s dng trong n ny. Phn tip theo xin i vo chi
tit thit k v trin khai h thng iu khin thit b in trong nh thng qua SMS.

20

Chng 3:
THIT K H THNG
Gii thiu chng
Trong chng ny chng ti xin trnh by v cc yu cu ca h thng cng nh
thit k phn cng cng nh phn mm ca h thng.

3.1. Phn tch yu cu h thng

3.1.1. Yu cu chc nng

H thng cn tha mn cc yu cu chc nng nh sau:

C th nhn v gi tin nhn thng qua cc nh mng GSM ca Vit Nam.
C kh nng thc hin lnh bt, tt cc thit b in trong nh khi c yu cu
qua tin nhn SMS.
C th gi bo co cho ngi dng v trng thi ca thit b cng nh cc thng
s cn theo di nh nhit , ty iu kin s dng (option).
C giao din ngi dng n gin (ch thng bo cc trng thi ca h thng).
C tnh nng bo mt (khng phi bt c thit b no gi SMS n cng iu
khin c, tin nhn cng cn c cu trc xc nh,).
3.1.2. Yu cu phi chc nng

Cc yu cu phi chc nng ca h thng cn tha mn nh:

Hot ng bn b, n nh v thit b u cui thng xuyn bt (gn nh s bt
24/7).
Tit kim nng lng cng nh tit kim chi ph s dng (chi ph cho SMS).
Hin th thng bo n gin d hiu cho ngi dng cui.
D dng lp t, s dng (nh dng chun sim ph bin c th d dng mua
ngoi th trng).
Qua phn tch cc yu cu chc nng v phi chc nng ca h thng chng ti
tin hnh hp bn v phn tch cc gii php cui cng i n kt lun v a ra
phng n thit k h thng nh phn sau.

21

3.2. Thit k phn cng

3.2.1. Phn tch v la chn gii php

tha mn cc yu cu h thng trnh by trn th h thng phn cng cn t

nht 2 thnh phn, 1 l thnh phn gi v nhn tin nhn v 1 l thnh phn x l cc
lnh ca ngi dng. Sau u chng ti xin trnh by cc phng n thit k cho tng
modul trn.
A. Phng n cho modul gi v nhn tin nhn
tin hnh nhn v gi tin nhn thng qua nh mng GSM ca Vit Nam th
thit b dng gi nhn tin nhn phi hot ng bng tn GSM 900MHz v c tnh
nng gi/nhn tin nhn SMS. Theo tnh hnh th trng hin ti th c th s dng in
thoi di ng hoc cc modul GSM chuyn dng cho thit b nhn v gi tin nhn.
Phng n s dng in thoi di ng:
c th kt ni d dng vi thit b iu khin s dng vi iu khin hoc PC
th in thoi di ng c chn phi c kh nng giao tip vi vi iu khin (PC)
thng qua cc giao tip ph bin hin nay nh I2C, SPI, CAN, RS232, USB, (s
dng giao tip ph bin gip d dng trong trin khai cng nh pht trin sau ny).
Theo tm hiu th trng hin nay cng nh cu to ca cc in thoi di ng
ph bin th ch c 2 tn hiu Rx, Tx c xut ra t cc in thoi di ng. y l
chun giao tip RS232 ph bin.
Tuy nhin chng ti gp phi 1 vn l ch c cc in thoi i c mi h
tr cc chn tn hiu Rx, Tx. V d nh cc my Ericsson T10, T28; Siemens C50,
C51; Nokia 6210; Cn cc in thoi i mi th khng c bt c giao tip no ph
bin cng nh d dng trong iu khin. V th lm n ny cn tm mua cho
c cc in thoi trn. Nhng qua tham kho th trng th cc in thoi trn tuy c
gi kh r (ch khong 200.000 VN) tuy nhin li rt kh mua c in thoi cn
dng tt (chng ti tm kim nhng khng mua c). Do chng ti quyt nh
khng s dng phng n thit k ny.
Phng n s dng modul GSM:
Trn th trng c bn sn cc loi Modul GSM s dng 2 hoc 4 bng tn
GSM v c th d dng s dng sim in thoi thng thng. y l phng n
chuyn nghip, mnh trong cc ng dng iu khin do d dng khai thc nhiu tnh
nng vi tp lnh AT ph bin. Cc modul sim loi ny cng s dng chun giao tip
22

RS232 d dng trong vic kt ni vi h thng iu khin do y l chun giao tip

ph bin v lu i.
Nhc im ca modul sim loi ny so vi mua nhng loi in thoi c l gi
thnh cao hn, vo khong 500.000 VN. Tuy nhin cc loi modul sim ny thng
km vi connector c th d dng tho ra v ti s dng trong cc n tip theo.
Qua kho st cc loi modul sim bn trn th trng v i chiu cc thng tin
trn trang ch ca nh sn xut hay xem thm trong datasheet nhm quyt nh s
dng modul sim 900B do cc c im ca modul sim loi ny nh:
L loi modul sim th h mi thay th cho sim 300 c.
Gi thnh hp l: Chng ti mua vi gi 450.000 VN, kh r so vi
mt bng chung.
C sn mch phi hp tr khng cho anten: Thit k mch phi hp tr
khng ny kh kh, nht l khi cc thnh vin trong nhm u cha hc
qua cng nh khng c kin thc v cc k thut siu cao tn nn y l
1 li th ln.
C sn mch bo v cho Simcard. Thc ra thit k mch bo v cho Sim
card loi 6 pin ph bin khng qu kh (dng 5 diode v vi in tr) tuy
nhin c sn mch pha trn modul sim cng tin dng hn, ng thi tit
kim c khng gian ca board mch.
B. Phng n cho h thng iu khin:
iu khin h thng ny cn c 1 trung tm iu khin c tc dng c v
gii m cc lnh gi ti modul sim thng qua tin nhn sau thc hin cc lnh tng
ng hay thc hin cc lnh theo tng hon cnh c th (nh bo chy t xa hay bo co
trng thi ca thit b). iu khin modul sim 900B la chn th thit b iu
khin cn c giao tip RS232.
Trung tm iu khin ny c th l PC hoc 1 loi vi iu khin no . Phng
n s dng PC tuy nhiu u im nh mnh m nn d dng pht trin cc thut ton
bo mt, d dng s dng vi giao din thn thin. Tuy nhin nu s dng PC s c bt
tin l my tnh s phi bt sut ngy iu khin thit b gy tn nng lng cng
nh hao ph thit b ln. Phng n ny ch ph hp vi vic iu khin cc h thng
ln v d nh trong cng nghip. Nhm khng hng ti gii php ny.
Phng n s dng vi iu khin c giao tip RS232 c nhiu u im nh gi
thnh r nu so vi u t 1 my PC. Lp t nh gn, d dng iu khin trc tip cc
23

thit b bng cc I/O pin ca vi iu khin, c th mc thm nhng sensor c bn nh

nhit , bo co nu mun, nng lng tiu th t, hot ng bn b (bnh thng
th ch cn cho vi iu khin sleep, khi c tn hiu tin nhn ti th mi wake up nn
khng cn hot ng cng cao).
Nhc im ca gii php ny so vi PC l sc mnh x l thp v giao din s
dng kh. Tuy nhin vic gii m tin nhn, a ra lnh on/off cc thit b hay m ha
tin nhn bo mt mc va phi khng cn phi sc mnh qu ln. Thit b iu
khin dng trong cc h gia nh th thng thng ch cn bt ln ch khng cn
phi thit lp hay gioa tip g nhiu nn cng khng cn thit.
Nh vy chng ti quyt nh s dng vi iu khin trong n ny. Trong cc
loi vi iu khin hin nay chng ti quyt nh s dng vi iu khin PIC ca hng
Microchip, c th l PIC18F2550. L do l trong k ny nhm c hc 1 mn na l
mn vi x l v mn s dng PIC. Do cc thnh vin trong nhm u c kin
thc v vi iu khin h ny cng nh dng li c cc modul thit k trong mn
kia nhn tit kim chi ph.
Ngoi ra, chng ti quyt nh thit k h thng theo cc modul vi hnh thc
giao tip gia cc modul l board to board do phng n ny c cc u im nh:
D dng k tha v pht trin h thng.
Nu gp li sai s ch phi t li 1 board ch khng phi t li ton b.
Thit k board to board d dng kt ni cng nh hn ch nhiu do kt
ni cc modul.
3.2.2. Thit k

Hnh 3.1: S lin kt cc modul ca h thng

24

H thng thit k bao gm cc modul sau:

Main board: Bo mch ch. Mc ch l kt ni cc thnh phn khc nhau ca h
thng; h thng led bo hiu thit b no ang c bt v tt; m rng thm I/O
cho vic pht trin iu khin nhiu thit b hn; giao tip ICSP np chip; IC
m dng ln 100mA iu khin relay.
Buffer: B m tn hiu gia modul sim v vi iu khin do mc in p ca 2
thit b ny khc nhau.
Modul sim: Board mch cm modul sim 900B.
LCD: n gin l LCD 1602 mua ngoi th trng cm trc tip vo main
board.
Microprocessor: Vi iu khin PIC18F2550 trn 1 board khc vi thch anh,
cc t lc v giao tip USB.
Power Suply: B ngun cung cp nng lng cho main board v modul sim.
Cc thnh phn cn li ly ngun trc tip t main board.
Sau y chng ti s trnh by chi tit hn v thit k ca tng modul
A. Main Board:
Bo mch chnh bao gm:
Cc connector kt ni vi PIC18F2550; kt ni vi b m; kt ni vi b
np chun ICSP; kt ni vi cng m rng I/O pins; kt ni vi LCD; kt ni
vi cc relay iu khin cc thit b.
H thng LED bo hiu thit b no bt hay tt.
IC m dng ln 100mA dng cho h thng relay iu khin thit b ngoi vi.
IC dch 74HC595 dng cho hin th LED thng thi v dch bit ra connector
xut tn hiu cho cc I/O pins m rng.
Switch la chn gia ch np v ch s dng LCD do vi iu khin c
s chn hn ch.
Bin tr iu chnh phn gii ca LCD.
B. Buffer:
B m tn hiu gia PIC v modul sim. Do PIC dng in p 5V cn modul
sim dng in p 2.8V. d dng ti s dng nhm quyt nh s sng IC m 3
trng thi vi 4 ng tn hiu (do nhm ch s dng 4 tn hiu handsheck Rx, Tx,
DTR, RTS). Hn na b m dng 74HC125 cn c th m cho cc mc in p
khc ngoi 5V (ty thuc in p chun cung cp) nn d dng s dng li.
25

Hnh 3.2: S nguyn l b m s dng 74HC125

C. Modul sim:
Board mch connect vi modul sim 900B, trn board bao gm:
Connector: kt ni vi modul sim 900B.
Cc connector xut tn hiu theo chun RS232; connector phc v cho
vic debug.
Pin back up dng cho Real time clock ca modul sim 900B.
LED trng thi bo hiu trng thi hot ng ca modul sim 900B.

Hnh 3.3: S nguyn l modul sim 900B

26

D. LCD:
n gin l LCD 16x2 mua ngoi th trng cm trn bo mch chnh. LCD
dng debug v thit lp thng s, bnh thng hot ng nn tho ra tit kim
nng lng.
E. Microprocessor:
Vi iu khin PIC18F2550 cng vi USB connector, thch anh c s dng
trong modul ny. Mc ch l d dng ti s dng vi iu khin ny trong cc n
khc.

Hnh 3.4: S chn modul vi iu khin PIC18F2550

F. Power Suply
Ngun cung cp s dng 2 IC LM2596.
LM2596 l b ngun xung cp dng ra ti a 3A, ngun cp u vo trong di
7-37V. Mch ngun chng ti thit k sao cho c th iu chnh in p ra c th ty
chn 5V, 4V, 3V v tinh chnh in p ra dng cho cc trng hp khc nhau.

Hnh 3.5: S nguyn l b ngun

27

3.3. Thit k phn mm cho vi iu khin

3.3.1. La chn gii php

Modul sim 900B c th s dng c tin nhn dng text v dng binary. Qua phn
tch 2 dng tin nhn ny nhm quyt nh la chn s dng dng tin nhn nh phn do
cc c im nh:
D dng m ha cu trc tin nhn theo mun. T d dng trin khai cc
bin php m ha lm tng tnh bo mt ca h thng.
Dung lng byte phi x l thp nn ph hp vi cc vi iu khin c b nh
nh, t c th h gi thnh sn phm.
Tuy nhin gi tin nhn dng ny th khng th dng cc ng dng nhn tin
thng thng trn in thoi di ng c m phi xy dng ring mt ng dng gi
tin nhn dng nh phn. y c th coi l 1 im yu, tuy nhin theo thit k ban u
ca nhm th khng th thiu phn mm trn in thoi. Do y khng cn l im
yu ca phng n ny na m cn ging nh mt lp ca vn bo mt (tnh bo
mt cao hn so vi s dng tin nhn dng text thng thng).
Phn mm trn in thoi nhm la chn vit bng Java c th d dng chy
trn cc in thoi ph thng h tr Java. La chn ny gip sn phm c th n c
vi nhiu ngi dng hn. pht trin trong tng lai c th chuyn m ngun sang
vit cho cc nn tng khc.
debug trn my tnh nhm quyt nh s dng driver vit bng cng COM o
ch khng s dng giao tip USB ca PIC18F2550, tuy nhin vn cm bng cp USB.
L do cho d la chn ny l vic vit driver bng cng COM o d dng hn nhiu so
vi vit cho giao tip USB m khi dng debug th hiu qu hon ton tng ng.

28

3.3.2. Thit k firmware

Hnh 3.6.:S cu trc firmware ca PIC18F2550.

A. Cu trc v cc tin trnh ca firmware

Trong n ny, nhm cu hnh Module SIM900B c giao tip UART tc
9.6 kbps, cu hnh ch giao tip text mode (CMGF = 1), nh dng k t ng
hexa (mi byte d liu gi v s c m ha bng hai k t biu in di h c s
16) (CSCS=HEX).
29

Cc tin trnh ca h thng c m t chi tit nh sau:

Khi ng h thng:
Gi tn hiu bt ti module SIM900B (PWRKEY).
Ch tn hiu RDY module SIM bt v ng UART hot ng.
Ch tn hiu Call Ready module SIM kt ni mng thnh cng.
Ch nhn tin nhn:
Khi c tin nhn mi th SIM s truyn chui:
+CMTI: <mem3>, <index>
<mem3> l b nh lu tr.
<index> l ch s tin nhn lu trong b nh.
Vi iu khin s i n khi nhn c chui ny thc hin cc tin trnh
tng ng.
Gi lnh c tin nhn:
AT+CMGR=<index>
Hi p module SIM.
+CMGR: <stat>,<oa>,<scts>
<data>
OK
<stat> trng thi tin nhn (REC UNREAD, REC READ, STO UNSENT,
STO SEND, ALL)
<oa> a ch gi.
<scts> thi gian gi t service.
<data> ni dung tin nhn.
Thc hin gii m lnh t ni dung tin nhn v th hin lnh:
Phng php m ha lnh c m t c th trong phn tip theo ca bo co.
30

Gi lnh xa tin nhn:

Module SIM900B ch c 40 slot lu tin nhn v vy sau khi tin nhn c
c ta s thc hin xa tin nhn trnh b nh b y s khng nhn c tin nhn
mi.
AT+CMGD=<index>,<delflags>
<delflags>
0

xa tin nhn c v tr lu l <index> (mc nh)

xa ton b tin nhn c ( li cc tin nhn cha c).

xa ton b tin nhn c v tn nhn gi ( li cc

tin nhn cha c v cc tin nhn cha gi).

xa ton b tin nhn c, tin nhn gi v cha gi,

li cc tin nhn cha c.

xa tt c cc tin nhn lu tr.

Sau khi xa tin nhn h thng s quay v trng thi ch nhn tin nhn mi gi
n.
Lnh gi mt tin nhn:
AT+CMGS=<da><CR>
<data><ctrl-Z/ESC>
<da> a ch nhn
<Ctrl-Z> (SUB c m 0x1A) gi tin nhn.
<ESC> (ESC c m 0x1B) hy vic gi tin nhn.

Hi p h thng:
Nu gi thnh cng:
+CMGS: <mr>
OK
31

Nu c li xy ra:
+CMS ERROR: <err>
B. Cu trc lnh ca h thng
Nhm tin hnh m ha lnh ca h thng thnh tng byte vi cu trc sau
nhm tin li trong qu trnh x l.
Lnh thay i trng thi thit b ca h thng:
Gm c 3 byte:

cmd[0] = 0x3A

(:)

//Tin t ch ra l lnh t trng thi.

Onflags = cmd[1]
//ch ra v tr cc cng thit b c bt tng ng vi trng
//s ca bit .
Offflags = cmd[2]
//ch ra v tr cc cng thit b s c tt tng ng vi
//trng s ca bit .
Trng thi cc thit b sau khi thc hin lnh:
State |= Onflags;
State &= (~Offflags);
Lnh xem trng thi cc cng thit b hin ti:
L tin nhn c ni dung bt u bng byte 0x3F (k t ?).
H thng s gi li tin nhn c ni dung vi 3 byte l:
0x3F, 0x3D, <State>
Trong State l cc bit trng thi hin ti ca h thng vi quy c 0 l thit
b v tr bit tng ng ang tt, 1 l thit b ang bt.

32

3.4. Thit k phn mm trn in thoi

3.4.1. Yu cu ca h thng
iu khin thit b in

Tt/bt thit b

Tt/bt thit
b

Bo co tnh trng

Bo co tnh
trng hin ti

Ci t

Tr gip

Ci t thit
b

Hng dn

Ci t a
ch SMS

Thng tin v
ng dng

Ci t
pasword

Hnh 3.7: S chc nng phn mm trn in thoi.

Ngoi cc yu cu chc nng trn phn mm cn cn cc yu cu phi chc nng
nh: Hot ng n nh, giao din thn thin d s dng, khng vi phm bn quyn, ...

33

3.4.2. Thit k h thng

Bt/tt thit b

Ngi dng

Ci t

Thit b

Bo co tnh trng

CSDL

Tr gip

Hnh 3.8: S DFD mc nh ca phn mm trn in thoi

Cc tin trnh ca h thng c m t c th nh sau:
Bt/ tt thit b:
Giao din bt tt thit b gm 8 device c th la chn gia on/off bt v tt
thit b cng nh unchange gi nguyn trng thi ca thit b. Tin nhn gi i s
c m ha thnh 3 byte vi quy nh c trnh by phn trn.
Bo co:
Trong giao din bt tt thit b nhm b sung thm 1 nt chc nng l gi yu
cu bo co. Phn mm s gi 1 tin nhn yu cu bo co ti thit b, nu yu cu ng
chun th s c tin nhn phn hi t modul sim tr v. Nu tin nhn phn hi ng
chun th trng thi ca thit b c th hin ngay trn mn hnh. Chun ca tin nhn
c nu phn trn.
Ci t:
Phn mm cho php ci t s in thoi ca modul sim (thit b t ti nh).
Ci t s c lu trong c s d liu ca phn mm. ngoi ra cn cho php ci t
34

password gi km trong tin nhn gip tng tnh bo mt. Tuy nhin tnh nng m
ha v nhn din mt khu ca nhm cha c xy dng.
Qun l thit b:
Cho php i tn cc thit b qun l. Thng tin ny c lu trong c s d
liu.
Tr gip:
Thng tin hng dn s dng v thng tin ca nhm sinh vin.
Giao din ca phn mm v hng dn s dng c nu trong chng 4: Kt qu t
c v kinh nghim.

Kt lun chng
Trong chng ny chng ti trnh by cc yu cu h thng, xut v la
chn gii php cng nh thit k ca ton b cc thnh phn ca h thng. Nhm
bm st cc im trnh by trong chng ny khi trin khai h thng v thu c kt
qu kh quan.

35

Chng 4:
KT QU T C V KINH NGHIM
4.1. Kt qu t c
hon thnh sn phm l 1 mch in dng iu khin c 8 thit b cm
ngoi v 1 phn mm chy trn in thoi di dng iu khin 8 cng ca mch. H
thng sau khi hon thnh thc hin c cc chc nng yu cu ban du nh: c
phn mm chy trn in thoi nhn tin iu khin mch in, mch in c chc
nng iu khin cc cng ra ni vi cc relay iu khin thit b ngoi (dng ra c
th a ln 100mA), c cc n LED bo hiu trng thi hin ti ca cc cng, c
cng giao tip USB vi my tnh, c thm chc nng hin th LCD thng bo trng
thi.

Hnh 4.1: Thit b nhn v gii m tn hiu

36

Sau khi hon thnh nhm tin hnh test th sn phm v thu c kt qu
tt: mch in chy n nh, khng c hin tng nng sau 2 ngy k c khi tn sut
cc lnh iu khin cao. Phn mm chy tt trn in thoi cho giao din p v d
dng s dng.

Hnh 4.2: Giao din phn mm

37

Hnh 4.3: Giao din phn mm

38

Hnh 4.4: Demo bt 2 n s 5 v 8

39

Hnh 4.5: Demo bt 4 n 1,3,5,8.

4.2. Kinh nghim rt ra
Khi lm h thng nhm rt ra c nhiu kinh nghim v thit k h thng
in t (ch yu v lm mch in) v k nng lm vic theo nhm ca cc thnh vin
cng tt hn nhiu.
Kinh nghim trong khi thit k:
Thit k h thng theo kiu modun test v sa mch d dng hn
Khi v layout ch n cch sp xp cc modun tit kim kinh ph
khi dt mch v quan hn l c th ghp ni chng mch in cui cng
gn gng khng phi cu dy gia cc modun.
Trc khi v layout phi mua trc thit b v mt s linh kin thc t
mua ngoi th trng khc bit cht t so vi cc thng tin trn mng v
datasheet.
40

Kinh nghim khi i t mch:

Nn i t mch vo u tun c th ly mch nhanh, mch c lm
tt, quy c hn.
Nn gi in hi v mch ca mnh c th c ly trc hn.
Kinh nghim khi i mua v t hn cc linh kin nh (modun sim):
Nn phn tch cc yu cu chc nng v thit k chn c cc thit
b tng thch.
Trc khi i mua thit b nn tham kho k cc ni bn hng c gi c
hp l m c thm cc dch v i km tt (bo hnh v h tr k thut
sau bn hng).
Trc khi nhn thit b nn kim tra xem cc thng s v phin bn thit
b c ng khng (nhm t lun ca hng bn modun sim hn thit
b ny vo mch v thit b ny c kh nhiu chn v rt nh nn nhm
khng t hn c).
Kinh nghim khi vit code:
Ch cc tin x l nu khng vic add code s khng c.
Nn ch thch r rng trong cc hm v mi file.
Cn ch n kh nng thc hin lnh v x l d liu ca VXL.
Ch cn bng gia Ram v Rom, cn thn out Rom v b nh ca VXL
kh nh.
Kinh nghim lm vic theo nhm:
Trong qu trnh lm vic theo nhm, ngay khi c phn nhm v cng
vic th cn tin hnh hp nhm bn bc tm hiu cng vic cn thc
hin c th phn chia cng vic hp l. Nhm trng cn phi l
ngi uy tn ch huy c nhm thc hin cng vic, bit to p lc
ln cc thnh vin m bo cng vic thc hin nhanh, ng tin .

41

 Trong mi giai on cn phi phn chia cng vic hp l, mi thnh vin

cn c thc thc hin cng vic c giao.

42

Chng 5:
KT LUN
5.1. Nhng im cn hn ch
Mc d cc yu cu c bn ca h thng c gii quyt, nhng sau khi chy
th v nghim thu nhm chng ti thy sn phm vn cn mt s thiu st, hn ch
nh sau:
V phn cng:
Thit k mch in tuy thnh khi vung vn nhng vic lp ghp vn cha
d dng, vn cn 1 khi mch m ca modun sim v modun PIC vn b ngc
khi layout dn n khi ny b quay ngc xung dn n mch cha p v
lm cho h thng b knh.
Trong khi thit k cng giao tip USB vn quay vo trong dn n khi giao tip
vi my tnh phi tho v hp ra hoc phi c thm dy ni USB ra ngoi. L
do cho vic quay vo trong ny do cnh ca main board nhm s dng xut t
hiu ra qu cht chi nn phi tnh phng n quay sang hng khc.
Thit k cc chn np cho PIC khi layout b ngc dy vi thng thng. Tuy
nhin nhm quay ngc li connector dng cho np PIC nn khng c vn
g xy ra
Tuy thit k cc l khoan lm c nh cho thit b nhng mt vi ch vn
cn cha chc chn v cha thit k c anten n bn trong thit b m vn
l ra ngoi. T cn thit k v tr gn anten vo c hp nu sn phm c
thng mi ha.
V phn mm:
Phn mm tuy thc hin c chc nng thng bo, iu khin c bn nhng
vn cha thc hin tt kh nng bo mt.
Phn mm ny i hi my in thoi phi c th ci t cc ng dng Java.

43

 Cc chc nng nng cao ca phn mm vn cha c x l c nh: chc

nng truy cp lch s cha tt, cha c yu cu x l phc tp nh t ng cp
nhp trng thi trc khi dng v phn mm s dng tin nhn SMS nn tn kinh
ph khi kim tra nhiu ln.
Kh nng bo mt ca phn mm tuy c nhng cn cha thc s mnh.

5.2. Hng pht trin ca ti

h thng ny c th thng mi ha th yu cu phi c thm nhiu yu t
nhng trong gc k thut, chng ti xin xut mt vi hng nh sau:
Bo mt cho h thng l yu cu quan trng nht (hin ti nhm ch bo
mt bng s in thoi v m ha cc byte nhn dng khi nhn tin nn
cha th p ng c yu cu ca mt h thng thng mi).
Phn cng ca h thng cn c cc thit k li gn gng v d s dng
hn nh: cc li v mch cn c thc hin li, c th thm cc nt bm
thay i cc thng s c bn (cc s in thoi cho php iu khin,
mt m iu khin do ngi dng t t) thay cho vic ci t trn
my tnh.
Nghin cu thm phin bn dng GPRS hoc qua mng internet hu
tuyn (ADSL) iu khin h thng tit kim.
Thm cc phin bn phn mm iu khin cho nhiu nn tng in thoi
khc nhau nh Windows phone, Android, iOS,

5.3. Kt lun
Nhm t c cc mc tiu ban u m thy gio ra, v lm ra c
phin bn chy th nghim n nh an ton.
Trong qu trnh lm vic gip nhm rt ra c nhiu kinh nghim qu bu
v gip cc thnh vin trao di thm nhiu kin thc, k nng cn thit cho hc tp v
lm vic sau ny.

44

DANH MC T VIT TT
AT

Attention

ATD (Dial) / ATA (Answer) / ATH (Hool control) / ATO (return to online data
state)
CAN

Controller Area Network

CPU

Central Processing Unit

COM

Component object model

CLDC

Connected Limited Device Configuration

CDC

Connected Device Configuration

DFD

Data Flow Diagram

DCS

Digital selective calling

EGSM

Extension Global System for Mobile Communications

FPGA

Field-programmable gate array

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communications

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

I/O

Input/Output

IC

Intergrated circuit

ICSP

In-circuit serial programming

LCD

Liquid crystal display

LED

Lighting Emitor Diode

MIDP

Mobile Information Device Profile

PC

Personal Computer
45

 PIC

Peripheral Interface Controller

PLL

Phase-locked loop

PDA

Personal digital assistant

RMS

Record Management system

SMS

Short Message Service

SIM

Subscriber Identity Module

USB

Universal Serial Bus

I2 C

Inter-Intergarated Circuit

RS-232

Recommended Standard 232

SPI

Serial Peripheral Interface

46

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] SimCom, Sim 900B hardware design, version 2.0, 2011.
[2] SimCom, Sim 900B AT Command Manual, version 1.05, 2011.
[3] Microchip Technology Inc, PIC 18F2455/2550/4455/4550 Datasheet,2011.
[4] http://www.developer.nokia.com/Resources/Library/, last acessting 2012/05/15.
[5] http://docs.oracle.com/javame/mobile/mobile.html, last acessting 2012/05/15.

47

PH LC 1
S nguyn l ton b h thng

Hnh p.1: S nguyn l b m.

48

Hnh p.2: S nguyn l modul sim 900B.

Hnh p.3:S nguyn l khi PIC18F2550.

49

Hnh p.4: S nguyn l khi ngun.

50

Hnh p.5: S nguyn l main board.

51