Bai Tap Tong Hop Hoa Vo Co 11cuc Hay

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc.
Phn i cng + V c
CACBON V HP CHT CA CACBON

1- Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO2(kc)vo dd nc vi trong c cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH)2.Sn phm mui thu c sau phn ng gm: A- Ch c CaCO3 B- Ch c Ca(HCO3)2 C- C CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2 D- Khng c c 2 cht CaCO 3 v Ca(HCO3)2 2- Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2(kc) vo 2,5 lt dd Ba(OH)2 nng a mol/lt,thu c 15,76g kt ta .Gi tr ca a l A- 0,032 B- 0.048 C- 0,06 D- 0,04 3- Hp th hon ton a mol kh CO2 vo dd cha b mol Ca(OH)2 th thu c hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2.Quan h gia a v b l : A- a>b B- a<b Cb<a<2b D- a = b 4- Hn hp X gm st v oxit st c khi lng 5,92g.Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp X un nng.Kh sinh ra sau phn ng cho tc dng vi Ca(OH)2 d c 9g kt ta.Khi lng st thu c l A- 4,48g B- 3,48g C- 4,84g D- 5,48g 5- Sc V(l) CO2(kc) vo 150ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M,sau phn ng thu c 19,7g kt ta.Gi tr ca V l A- 2,24 lt ; 4,48 lt B- 2,24 lt ; 3,36 lt C- 3,36 lt ; 2,24 lt D- 22,4lt ; 3,36 lt 6- Dung dch X cha a mol NaHCO3 v b mol Na2CO3.Thc hin cc th ngim sau TN1: cho (a+b)mol CaCl2. , TN2: cho (a+b) mol Ca(OH)2 vo dd X .Khi lng kt ta thu c trong 2 TN l A- Bng nhau B- TN1 < TN2 C- TN1 > TN2 D- Khng so snh c 7- Hp th hon ton x lt CO2(kc) vo 2 lt dd Ca(OH)2 0.01M th thu c 1g kt ta.Gi tr ca x l A- 0,224 lt v 0,672 lt B- 0.224 lt v 0,336 lt C- 0,24 lt v 0,67 lt D- 0,42 lt v 0,762 lt 8- Cho 16,8 lt hn hp X gm CO v CO2(kc) c khi lng l 27g,dn hn hp X qua than nng thu c V lt kh Y.Dn kh Y qua ng ng 160g CuO(nung nng)th thu c m gam rn. a) S mol CO v CO2 ln lt l A- 0,0375 v 0,0375 B- 0,25 v 0,5 C- 0,5 v 0,25 D0,375 v 0,375 b) V c gi tr l A- 1,68 B- 16,8 C- 25,2 D- 2,8 c)Gi tr ca m l A- 70 B- 72 C- 142 D- Kt qu khc 9- Nung 4g hn hp X gm CuO v FeO vi cacbon d trong iu kin khng c khng kh v phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 1,12 lt (kc) hn hp kh Y gm CO v CO2 v cht rn Z. Dn Y qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th thu c 0,5g kt ta. a) Khi lng ca Z l A- 3,12g B- 3,21g C- 3g D3,6g b)Khi lng CuO v FeO ln lt l A- 0,4g v 3,6g B- 3,6g v 0,4g C- 0,8g v 3,2g D1,2g v 2,8g 10- Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m(g) Fe2O3 nung nng.Sau mt thi gian thu c 6,96g hn hp rn X,cho X tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 0,1M va thu c dd Y v 2,24 lt hn hp kh Z gm NO v NO2 c t khi so vi hidro l 21,8. a) Hp th ht kh sau khi nung vo nc vi trong d th thu c kt ta c khi lng l A- 5,5g B- 6g C- 6,5g D- 7g b) m c gi tr l A- 8g B- 7,5g C- 7g D- 8,5g c) Th tch dd HNO3 dng A- 4 lt B- 1 lt C- 1,5 lt D- 2 lt Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 100
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c
d)Nng mol/lt ca dd Y l A- 0,1 B- 0,06 C- 0,025 D- 0,05 e) C cn dd Y th thu c bao nhiu gam mui? A- 24g B- 24,2g C- 25g D- 30g 11- Sc V lt CO2(kc) vo dd Ba(OH)2 thu c 9,85g kt ta.Lc b kt ta ri cho dd H2SO4 d vo nc lc thu thm 1,65g kt ta na.Gi tr ca V l A- 11,2 lt v 2,24lt B- 3,36 lt C-3,36 lt v 1,12 lt D-1,12 lt v 1,437 lt 12- Sc V lt CO2 (kc) vo 200ml dd hn hp KOH 0,5M v Ba(OH)2 0,375M thu c 11,82g kt ta. Gi tr ca V l A- 1,344l lt B- 4,256 lt C- 1,344l lt hoc 4,256 lt D8,512 lt 13- Cho 5,6 lt CO2(kc) i qua 164ml dd NaOH 20%(d = 1,22g/ml) thu c dd X.C cn dd X th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn: A- 26,5g B- 15,5g C- 46,5g D- 31g 14- Cho 0,2688 lt CO2(kc) hp th hon ton bi 200ml dd NaOH 0,1M v Ca(OH) 2 0,001M.Tng khi lng cc mui thu c l A- 2,16g B- 1,06g C- 1,26g D- 2,004g 15- Cho 37,95g hn hp hai mui MgCO3 v RCO3 vo 100ml dd H2SO4 long thy c 1,12 lt CO2(kc) thot ra,dd A v cht rn B.C cn dd A thu c 4g mui khan.Nung cht rn B n khi lng khng i th thu c rn B 1 v 4,48 lt CO2(kc).Bit trong hn hp u c t l nRCO3 : nMgCO3 = 3: 2. a)Nng mol/lt ca dd H2SO4 l A- 0,2M B- 0,1M C- 0,5M D- 1M b) Khi lng cht rn B l A- 30,36g B- 38,75g C- 42,75g D- 40,95g c) Khi lng cht rn B1 l A- 30,95g B- 21,56g C- 33,15g D- 32,45g d) Nguyn t R l A- Ca B- Sr C- Zn D- Ba 16- Cho V lt kh CO2( 54,60C v 2,4atm) hp th hon ton vo 200ml dd hn hp KOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,75M thu c 23,64g kt ta.V c gi tr : A- 1,343 lt B- 4,25 lt C- 1,343 v 4,25 lt D- p n khc
Bi tp cht kh ca nit
Cu 1: Cho 2 phn t NO2(X) c th thnh mt phn t cha oxi (Y) 250C, 1atm; hh ( X+Y) c t khi hi so vi k2 l 1,752. phn trm (%) v s mol X, Y trong hh. A. 90% v 10%. B. 60% v 40% C. 89,55% v 10,45 %. D. Kt qu khc Cu 2: Trong mt bnh kn cha 10 lt nit v 10 lt H2 nhit 00C v p sut 10atm. Sau phn ng tng hp amoniac, a nhit bnh v 00C a)Tnh p trong bnh sau p, bit rng c 60% H2 tham gia phn ng:A. 10 atm; B. 8 atm; C. 9 atm; D. 8,5 atm b) Nu p sut trong bnh l 9 atm sau phn ng th c bao nhiu phn trm mi kh tham gia phn ng A.N2: 20% ;H2 40%. B. N2: 30% ;H2 20%. C. N2: 10% ;H2 30%. D. N2: 20% ;H2 20% Dng d kin sau tr li cu hi 3,4 Thc hin phn ng tng hp amoniac t hn hp gm 4 lt kh nit v 14 lt kh hiro. Sau phn ng thu c 16,4 lt h/hp kh.Bit cc kh o trong cng iu kin Cu 3Th tch kh amoniac thu c l: A. 0,8 lt B. 1,6 lt C. 2,4 lt D. 0,4 lt Cu 4 Hiu sut ca qu trnh tng hp l: A. 19,9% B. 20% C. 80% D. 60% Dng d kin sau tr li cu hi 5 6
Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 101
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c thc hin tng hp amoniac, ngi ta cho vo bnh kn c dung tch 3 lt mt hn hp kh gm 4 mol nit, 26 mol hiro, p sut bnh l 400 atm Cu 5. Nhit t0C ca bnh lc ban u l: A. 458,700C B. 4000C C. 731,700C D. Tt c u sai. Cu 6. Khi t n trng thi cn bng trong bnh cn 75% nit so vi ban u. a bnh v nhit ban u, p sut ca bnh l: A. 360 atm B. 260 atm C. 420 atm D. 220 atm Cu 7. Bnh kn cha 10 lt nit v 10 lt hiro nhit 00C, p sut 10 atm. Sau phn ng tng hp amoniac, a bnh v nhit ban u, p sut ca bnh lc ny l 8 atm. % th tch kh hiro tham gia phn ng l: A. 50% B. 60% C. 40% D. 70% Cu 8. Cho phng trnh phn ng : N2 + 3 H2 2NH3 Khi gim th tch ca h xung 3 ln th phn ng s chuyn di theo chiu no sau y A. Theo chiu thun B. Theo chiu nghch C. Khng thay i D. Tt c u sai. Cu 9. Khi c cn bng N2 + 3 H2 2NH3 c thit lp, nng cc cht [N2] = 3 mol/l, [H2]=9mol/l, [NH3] = 1 mol/l. Nng ban u ca N2 l: A. 3,9 mol/l B. 3,7 mol/l C. 3,6 mol/l D. 3,5 mol/l Cu 10. Mt bnh kn cha 4 mol N2 v 16 mol H2 c p sut 400atm. Khi t trng thi cn bng th N2 tha gia phn ng l 25%, nhit vn gi nguyn. Tng s mol khi tham gia phn ng l :A.18 mol B.19 mol C. 20 mol D.21 mol Cu 11. Dn 2,24 lt kh NH3 (ktc) i qua ng ng 32g CuO nung nng thu c cht rn X v kh Y . Th tch kh Y sinh ra l : A. 2,12 lt B. 1,21 lt C. 1,22 lt D. Kt qu khc. Cu 12. Trong phn ng tng hp NH3 t N2 v H2. Nu nng ban u ca N2= 21mol/l, H2=2,6 mol/l. Khi t trng thi cn bng th nng NH3 = 0,4 mol/l Hi nng N2 v H2 ln lt l bao nhiu? A. 0,01 mol/l v 2 mol/l B. 0,15 mol/l v 1,5 mol/l C. 0,02 mol/l v 1,8 mol/l D. 0,2 mol/l v 0,75mol/l Cu 13. Nu ly 17 tn NH3 iu ch HNO3, vi hiu sut ton b qu trnh iu ch l 80% th khi lng dung dch HNO3 63% thu c bng bao nhiu (trong cc gi tr sau)?. 35 tn B. 75 tn
C. 80 tn D. 110 tn Cu 14. Hn hp X gm N2 v H2 c khi lng mol trung bnh bng 7,2 vC. Sau khi tin hnh phn ng tng hp NH3, c hn hp Y c khi lng mol trung bnh bng 8 vC. Hiu sut phn ng tng hp l :
A. 20% B. 25% C. 40% D. 60% Cu 15. Trong 1 bnh kn dung tch 1 lt cha N2 23,7 0C v 0,5 atm. Thm vo bnh 9,4 gam
mui nitrat kim loi X. Nhit phn ht mui ri a nhit bnh v 136,50C p sut trong bnh la p . Cht rn cn li l 4 gam .Cng thc ca mui nitrat v p l A.NaNO3 ; 5,8atm B.Cu(NO3)2 ; 4,87atm C. Fe(NO3)2 ; 4,6atm D.KNO3 ; 5,7atm Cu 16. Cho 1,5 lit NH3 i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng thu c cht rn A v gii phng kh B . tc dng va vi cht rn A cn mt th tch dung dch HCl 2M l :A.300 ml B.200 ml C.100 ml D.kt qu khc
Cu 17. Cho nng lc u nit l 0,125 mol/l, ca hiro l 0,375mol/l, nng lc cn bng ca NH3 l 0,06mol/l. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng tng hp amoniac l: A. 1,84 B. 1,74 C. 1,46 D. 1,64 Cu 18. Trong mt bnh kn cha 10 lt nit v 10 lt hir nhit O 0 C v p sut 10atm. Sau phn ng th p sut trong bnh sau phn ng l bao nhiu (trong cc s di y)? A. 8 atm B. 9 atm C. 10 atm D. 11 atm Cu 19. Trong qu trnh tng hp amoniac, p sut trong bnh gim 10% so vi p sut lc u. Bit nhit ca bnh khng i. Thnh phn phn trm theo th
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c tch hn hp N2, H2, NH3 kh thu c sau phn ng ( nu hn hp du lng nit v hyro c ly theo ng t l hp thc) ln lt l: A. 22,2%; 66,7 % v 11,1 % 10,1 % D. Kt qu khc B. 22,2%; 67,7 % v 11,1 % C. 20,2%; 69,7 % v
1. Mt s bi ton p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:

Cu 1: Mt dung dch cha 38,2g hn hp 2 mui sunfat ca kim loi kim A v kim loi kim th B tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2 thu c 69,9g kt ta. Lc b kt ta v c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. A. 3,07 B. 30,7 C. 7,03 D. 70,3 Cu 2: Ha tan 28,4g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm IIAbng acid HCl thu c 6,72 lt kh(ktc) v dung dch A. Tng s gam 2 mui clorua trong dung dch thu c l? A. 3,17 B. 31,7 C. 1.37 D. 7,13 Cu 3: Cho 6,2g hn hp gm mt s kim loi kim vo dung dch HCl d c 2,24lt H2(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng s thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn? A. 1,33 B. 3,13 C. 13,3 D. 3,31 Cu 4: Cho 16,3g hn hp 2 kim loi Na v X tc dng ht vi HCl long, d thu c 34,05 gam hn hp mui A khan. Th tch H2 thu c l bao nhiu lt? A. 3,36 B. 5,6 C. 8,4 D. 11,2 Cu 5: Cho x gam hn hp kim loi gm K, Na, Ba vo nc c 500ml dung dch X c pH=13 v V lt kh (ktc). V c gi tr l bao nhiu? A. 0,56 B. 1,12 C. 2,24 D. 3,36 Cu 6: Ha tan ht 1,72g hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn v Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt kh (ktc) v 7,48g mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca V l? A. 1,344 B. 1,008 C. 1,12 D. 3.36 Cu 7. Ha tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml acid H2SO4 0,1M va . C cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? A. 6,81 B. 4,81 C. 3,81 D. 5,81 Cu 8: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo acid HNO3(va ), thu c dung dch X(ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Ga tr ca a l? A. 0,04 B. 0,075 C. 0,12 D.0,06 (Cu 2 khi A TTS nm 2007) Cu 9: Ha tan ht 10g hn hp mui cacbonat MgCO3, CaCO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3 bng dung dch HCl dthu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c x g mui khan. Ga tr ca x l?
A. 12 B. 11,1 C. 11,8 D. 14,2 Cu 10: Cho 11,5g hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt CO2(ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to thnh l? A. 16,2g B. 12,6g C. 13,2g D. 12,3g Cu 11: Ha tan hon ton 2,7g mt kim loi M bng HNO3 thu c 1,12lt kh(ktc) X hn hp X gm 2 kh khng mu trong c 1 kh ha nu ngoi khng kh. Bit d H =19,2. M l? A. Fe B. Al C. Cu D.Zn Cu 12: Ha tan hn hp X gm Fe v MgO bng HNO3 va c 0,112 lt (27,30C,6,6atm) kh khng mu ha nu ngoi khng kh. C cn dung mui c 10,22g hn hp mui khan. Khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ln lt l? A. 16,8g v 0,8g B. 1,68g v 8g C. 8g v 1,8g D. 1,68g v 0,8g Cu 13: Cho 3,06g oxit MxOy , M c ha tr khng i tan trong dung dch HNO3 to ra 5,22g mui. Xc nh MxOy A. CaO B. MgO C. BaO D. Al2O3 Cu 14: Ha tan 9,6g Mg trong dung dch HNO3 to ra 2,24 lt kh NxOy. Xc nh cng thc kh . A. NO B. N2O C. NO2 D. N2O4 Cu 15: Ha tan hon ton 2,16g mt oxit kim loi M thu c 0,224 lt kh NO(ktc). Xc nh cng thc oxit. A. CuO B. FeO C. Fe3O4 D. Fe2O3 Cu 16: Ha tan kim loi M vo HNO3 thu c dung dch A(khng c kh thot ra). Cho NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v 23,2g kt ta. Xc nh M. A. Fe B. Mg C. Al D. Ca Cu 17: Ha tan hon ton 0,368g hn hp Al, Zn cn va 25lt dung dch HNO3 0,001M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 3 mui. S gam mi kim loi ban u l? A. 0,108 v 0,26 B. 1,08 v 2,6 C. 10,8 v 2,6 D. 1,108 c 0,26 Cu 18: Cho 2,56g ng tc dng vi 40ml dung dch HNO3 2M ch thu c NO. Sau phn ng cho thm H2SO4 d vo li thy c NO bay ra. Gii thch v tnh VNO ( ktc) khi cho thm H2SO4. A. 1,49lt B. 0,149lt C. 14,9lt D. 9,14 lt. Cu 19: Cho 1,92 g Cu vo 100ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,4M thy sinh ra mt cht kh c t khi so vi H2 l 15 v dung dch A. Tnh th tch kh sinh ra ( ktc).
2
A. 3,584lt B. 0,3584lt C. 35,84lt D. 358,4lt Cu 20: Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta ton b ion Cu2+ trong dung dch A( cu 19). A. 0,128lt B. 1,28lt C. 12,8lt D. 2,18lt Cu 21: 50 ml dung dch A cha 2 cht tan l H2SO4 v Cu(NO3)2 phn ng va vi 31,25ml NaOH 16%(D= 1,12g/ml). Lc kt ta nung nhit cao c 1,6g rn. Nng mol cc cht trong dung dch A l? Cho 2,4g Cu vo 50ml dung dch A thy c V lt kh NO bay ra. Tnh V? Cu 22: Ha tan 14,8g hn hp Al, Fe, Zn bng dung dch HCl va thu c dung dch A. Lng kh H2 to thnh dn vo ng s ng CuO d nung nng. Sau phn ng khi lng trong ng s gim 5,6g. C cn dung dch A thu m(g) mui. Tnh m? A. 20,6 B. 28,8 C. 27,575 D. 39,65 Cu 23: Cho 4,86g Al tan va trong 660ml dung dch HNO3 1M thu c V lt hn hp kh(ktc) gm N2 v N2O. Tnh V? A. 0,112lt B. 0,448lt C. 1,344lt D. 1,568lt Cu 24: Ha tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng acid HNO3 thu c Vlt (ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha 2 mui v acid d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l? A. 2,24lt B. 4,48 lt C. 5,6lt D. 3,36 lt (Cu 19 khi A TTS nm 2007) Cu 25: Cho 13,5g hn hp gm Al v Ag tan trong HNO3 d thu c dung dch A v 4,48 lt hn hp kh gm (NO,NO2) c khi lng 7,6gam. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi. A. 30 v 70 B. 44 v 56 C. 20 v 80 D. 60 v 40
NIT - AMONIAC - AXIT NITRIC - MUI NITRAT

a) b) c) d) e) f) g)
h)
Cu 1: Vit phng trnh phn ng theo s sau: NH3 N2 NH3 NH4Cl HCl NaCl AgCl H2SO4 H2 NH3 NO NO2 HNO2 NH4NO2 Al H2 NH3 (NH4)2SO4 NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 NH4NO3 N2 NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 NH4NO3 KNO3 KNO2 NH3 NO NO2 NaNO3 Fe H2 NH3 NH4Cl NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 CuO N2 NH3 N2 NO NO2 HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 MgO MgCl2 HCl Natri nitrat oxi oxit nitric peroxit nit axit nitric ng nitrat st nitrat
s t (I II ) cl o r u a s t (I II ) hi d r o xi t s t (I I) hi d r o xi t Amoni clorua axit clohidric kali clorua bc clorua Nit amoniac diamoni sunfat amoniac nhm hidroxit Amoni nitrat axit nitric ch nitrat nit nit (IV) oxit Cu 2: B tc v cn bng cc phn ng sau y bng phng php thng bng electron v vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca chng a) Mg + HNO3 .. + N2 + b) Al + HNO3 .. + NH4NO3 + ..
i)
Fe + HNO3c nng FeO + HNO3long .. + NO + .. Fe3O4 + HNO3long .. + NO + .. Fe2O3 + HNO3 Fe + HNO3c ngui Na2CO3 + HNO3 C + HNO3long NO + .. P + HNO3c NO2 + .. H2S + HNO3 S + NO + .. SO2 + HNO3 + .. H2SO4 + NO HI + HNO3 I2 + NO2 + .. FeS + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + H2SO4+ N2O + .. Cu2S + HNO3 .. + CuSO4 + NO2 + .. Cu 3: Vit phng trnh phn ng nhit phn cc mui nitrat sau: a) Ca(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, Hg(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2 b) KNO3, Fe(NO3)3, Pb(NO3)2, AgNO3 Cu 4: Ch dung mt ha cht hoc mt kim loi phn bit cc dung dch a) NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, NaCl b) (NH4)2SO4, AlCl3, FeSO4, NH4NO3 c) NH4NO3, AlCl3, CuSO4, Fe(NO3)3, KCl d) Diamoni sunfat, natri sunfat, amoni clorua, kali nitrat e) Diamoni sunfat, amoni nitrat, st (II) sunfat, magie clorua Cu 5: Phn bit ha cht ng trong cc l mt nhn: a) Cc dung dch: HNO3, HCl, H2SO4, H2S b) Cc dung dch: HNO3, HCl, H3PO4 Cu 6: Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 10 lt cha 21 gam nit. Tnh p sut ca kh trong bnh, bit nhit ca kh bng 25oC. Cu 7: Oxit nit (A) c t khi hi i vi hidro l 23. Oxit nit (B) c t khi hi i vi heli l 11. Xc nh cng thc phn t A v B. Cu 8: Hn hp N2 v H2 c t khi hi so vi H2 l 3,6. Tnh thnh phn % v th tch hn hp. Cu 9: A l hp cht nit vi oxi. Hn hp A v CO 2 c t khi hi i vi heli l 9,25. a) Tnh cng thc A. b) Tnh thnh phn % theo th tch kh trong hn hp. Cu 10: Mt hn hp kh A gm 2 oxit ca nit X v Y vi t l th tch V X : VY = 1 : 3 c t khi hi so vi hidro l 20,25. Xc nh 2 oxit trn. Cu 11: Cho 2 lt N2 v 8 lt H2 vo bnh phn ng. Hn hp thu c sau phn ng c th tch bng 8 lt (th tch cc kh o trong cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Tnh th tch kh amoniac to thnh v hiu sut phn ng. Cu 12: Cho 20 lt hn hp kh N2 v H2 (theo t l 1:4) vo bnh kn. Sau khi phng tia la in phn ng xy ra ri a v iu kin ban u, hn hp thu c c V = 18 lt. a) Tnh th tch NH3 trong hn hp sau phn ng. b) Tnh hiu sut N2 v H2 tham gia phn ng.
c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) n) o) Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 107
Cu 13: Dn 1 lt hn hp NH3 v O2 theo t l 1:1 i qua ng ng Pt nung nng. Kh no khng phn ng ht, cn tha bao nhiu lt. Cu 14: C 8,4 lt amoniac (ktc). Tnh s mol H2SO4 phn ng ht vi lng kh ny? Cu 15: Cn ly bao nhiu lt kh N2 v H2 (ktc) iu ch c 51 gam NH3, bit hiu sut ca phn ng l 25%? Cu 16: Cho 56g N2 tc dng vi 18g H2. Sau phn ng ta thu c 8,5g NH3. Tnh thnh phn % theo th tch hn hp kh sau phn ng. Cu 17: Cho 1,5 lt NH3 (ktc) i qua ng ng 16 gam CuO nung nng thu c mt cht rn X. a) Vit phn ng gia NH3 v CuO bit s oxi ha ca nit tng ln bng 0. b) Tnh khi lng CuO b kh. c) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M tc dng vi X. Cu 18: Cho 26,06g hn hp A gm amoni cacbonat v amoni clorua tc dng hon ton vi 80g, dung dch NaOH 30% thu c 11,648 lt kh (ktc) v mt dung dch B. a) Tnh khi lng cc mui c trong A. b) Tnh nng % cc cht c trong dung dch B. Cu 19: Cho 44,8 lt kh nit (ktc) tc dng vi 18g hidro. Sau phn ng thu c 8,5g amoniac. a) Tnh thnh phn % theo th tch hn hp kh sau phn ng. b) Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M tc dng vi lng kh NH3 trn. c) Qu tm thay i mu nh th no trong dung dch sau phn ng cu b. Cu 20: Cho 27,4g kim loi Ba vo 500g dung dch hn hp (NH4)2SO4 1,32% v CuSO4 2%. Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c kh A, kt ta B v dung dch C. a) Tnh th tch kh A (ktc). b) Ly kt ta B ra sch, em nung nhit cao thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn. c) Tnh nng % cc cht trong dung dch C. Cu 21: Cho hn hp Cu v Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, ngui thy thot ra 4,48 lt kh nu ( 0oC, 1 atm). a) Tnh khi lng ng v nhm. Bit khi lng ca nhm km ng 1 gam. b) Nu cho hn hp kim loi trn tc dng va vi 126 gam dung dch HNO 3c nng. Tnh nng % dung dch axit nitric. Cu 22: Cho dung dch HNO3 31,5% (d = 1,2 g/ml) tc dng vi hn hp Cu v CuO cha 50% khi lng mi cht th thu c 0,56 lt kh NO thot ra 0oC v 2 atm. a) Tm khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b) Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 31,5%. Cu 23: Mt lng 60g hn hp Cu v CuO tan ht trong 3 lt dung dch HNO 3 1M cho 13,44 lt (ktc) kh NO bay ra. a) Tnh hm lng % ca Cu trong hn hp. b) Tnh CM mui v axit trong dung dch thu c. V dung dch thay i khng ng k. Cu 24: Cho 11 gam hn hp Al v Fe vo dung dch HNO3 long ly d th c 6,72 lt (ktc) kh NO bay ra. Tnh khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp.
Cu 25: Cho 1,86g hp kim Mg v Al vo dung dch HNO3 long ly d th c 560ml (tc) kh N2O bay ra. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hp kim. Cu 26: Cho 3,12g hn hp Mg v Al phn ng va vi dung dch HNO3 1M thu c dung dch Y v 0,896 lt N2O (ktc). a) Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u. b) Nh t t dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch Y. Tnh V dung dch NaOH to kt ta cc i v cc tiu. Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 23,6g hn hp A gm Zn v Fe 2O3 vo dung dch HNO3 thu c 3,584 lt kh NO (ktc) v dung dch B. a) Tnh % khi lng trong hn hp A. b) Cho dung dch B tc dng vi V ml dung dch KOH 4M thu c m (g) kt ta. Tnh V v m khi m (g) t gi tr cc i, cc tiu? Cu 28: Dung dch HNO3 long tc dng vi hn hp Zn v ZnO to ra dung dch c cha 8g NH4NO3 v 113,4g Zn(NO3)2. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca hn hp. Cu 29: Cho 8,32g Cu tc dng vi 240ml dung dch HNO3 cho 4,928 lt (ktc) hn hp gm 2 kh NO v NO2 bay ra. a) Tnh s mol ca mi kh to ra. b) Tnh CM ca dung dch axit u. Cu 30: Mt lng 13,5g Al tc dng va vi 2,2 lt dung dch HNO 3 ta thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O. Bit t khi hi ca hn hp kh i vi H2 l 19,2. a) Tnh s mol ca mi kh to ra. b) Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch axit ban u. Cu 31: Cho 62,1g Al tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 2M ta thu c mui nhm nitrat v 16,8 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm 2 kh N2O v N2. a) Tnh th tch mi kh trong hn hp X. b) Tnh th tch ca dung dch HNO3 2M cn dung. Cu 32: Ha tan hon ton a (g) Cu vo dung dch HNO3 2M. Sau phn ng thy dung ng 600ml dung dch HNO3 v thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh X gm NO v NO2 (ktc) v dung dch Y. a) Tm a v tnh % th tch mi kh. b) Mang dung dch Y c cn v nhit phn hon ton. Tnh khi lng rn thu c. Cu 33: Cho 3,04g hn hp st v ng tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 20% long th thu c 896ml (ktc) kh khng mu, kh ny ha nu ngoi khng kh. a) Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HNO3 cn dung. c) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch sau phn ng. Cu 34: Cho 11g hn hp Al v Fe tc dng va vi 200g dung dch HNO3 long thy c 6,72 lt kh NO (ktc) thot ra v dung dch A. a) Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. b) Tnh C% dung dch HNO3 cn dng. c) Tnh C% cc mui trong dung dch A. Cu 35: Cho 4,72g hn hp Fe v Cu vo dung dch HNO3 20% th phn ng v thu c dung dch B v 1,568 lt kh NO (ktc). a) Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp.
b) Tnh C% dung dch mui B. c) Thi kh NH3 d vo dung dch B th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta? Cu 36: Ha tan hon ton 2,22g hn hp Al v Zn vo 200 ml dung dch HNO3 th thu c 0,9g kh NO v 1 lt dung dch A. trung ha dung dch A phi cn 20ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M v thu c dung dch B. a) Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u/ b) Tnh CM ca dung dch HNO3 ban u v CM dung dch B. Cu 37: Cho 8,43g hn hp Zn v Ag tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 896 cm3 kh (ktc) v 50ml dung dch A. a) Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. b) Tnh CM ca cc ion trong dung dch A. c) C cn dung dch A v em nung n khi lng khng i. Tnh th tch kh thu c ( 0oC. 2 atm). Cu 38: Chia hn hp Cu v Al lm hai phn bng nhau. - Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi HNO3 c ngui (va ) th c 8,96 lt kh mu nu bay ra (ktc) v dung dch X. - Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc). a) Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. b) C cn dung dch X, ly lng mui rn (khan) em nhit phn. Sau mt thi gian dng li, ngui v em cn th thy khi lng gim 10,8g. Tnh % khi lng mui rn b nhit phn. Cu 39: Chia a gam hn hp A gm Fe v Zn lm 2 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Cho tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 c ngui. Sau phn ng thu c 224 ml kh N2O (ktc). - Phn 2: Cho tc dng va vi dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng thu c 1,344 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch B. a) Tnh a gam hn hp A. b) Cho dung dch B tc dng hon ton vi 200ml dung dch KOH 0,9M. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng. Cu 40: Ngi ta dng ht 56 m3 NH3 (ktc) iu ch HNO3. a) Tnh khi lng dung dch HNO3 40% thu c bit rng ch c 92% NH3 chuyn ha thnh HNO3. b) Tnh nng % ca dung dch axit. Cu 41: Nhn bit cc dung dch sau: a) (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, Na2SO4. b) Na2CO3, NH4NO3, Fe(NO3)3, Mg(NO3)2. c) CuCl2, Ca(NO3)2, K2SO3, (NH4)2SO4, Al(NO3)3. d) Na2CO3, BaCl2, HCl, H2SO4 (ch dng giy qu) e) HCl, Na2SO4, NaCl, Ba(OH)2 (ch dng giy qu) f) HCl, H2SO4, NaOH, KCl, BaCl2 (ch dng giy qu) g) (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, NaCl, K2SO4 (ch dng mt thuc th) h) HCl, Na2SO3, (NH4)2SO4, Ba(OH)2 (ch dng mt thuc th) i) NH4NO3, K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, CuCl2, AlCl3 (ch dng mt thuc th) j) NH4Cl, Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, FeCl3, ZnCl2 (ch dng mt thuc th)
k) Dung dch HCl c, dung dch H2SO4 c, dung dch HNO3 (ch dng mt thuc
th) Cu 42: Cho kim loi Ba vo cc dung dch NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, NaCl. a) Gii thch hin tng v vit phng trnh phn ng b) Vit phng trnh nhit phn NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3 rn. Cu 43: Cho 4,48 lt NH3 (ktc) vo nc th thu c 100ml dung dch A. a) Tnh CM dung dch A. b) Cho 150ml dung dch H2SO4 vo lng dung dch A trn thu c 250 ml dung dch B. Tnh CM cc ion NH4+, SO42- trong dung dch v mui amoni sunfat thu c. Cu 44: Mt dung dch Y c cha cc ion Cl-, SO42-, NH4+. Khi cho 100ml dung dch Y phn ng vi Ba(OH)2 th thu c 6,99 gam kt ta v thot ra 2,24 lt kh (ktc). a) Tnh CM cc ion trong dung dch Y. b) Tnh CM dung dch Ba(OH)2 dng. Cu 45: Mt dung dch A c cha cc ion Na+, CO32-, SO42-, NH4+. Chia A thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Phn ng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, un nng thu c 4,66 gam kt ta v 470,4 ml kh ( 13,5oC v 1 atm). - Phn 2: Phn ng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 235,2 ml ( 13,5oC v 1 atm). Tnh tng khi lng cc mui c trong dung dch A Cu 46: Cho m gam NH4Cl vo nc, tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c 0,224 lt kh (ktc). a) Tnh m b) Nu cho dung dch NH4Cl trn tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta. Cu 47: Cho V lt (ktc) kh NH3 tc dng vi dung dch AlCl3 va th thu c 1,95 gam kt ta sau phn ng. Tnh V. Cu 48: Cho 50 ml dung dch NH3 6M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M. a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh sau phn ng b) Lng NH3 trn phn ng va vi bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO3 2M. Cu 49: Cho 200 ml dung dch gm MgCl2 0,15M v CuCl2 0,2M. a) Tnh CM cc ion trong dung dch b) Tnh V dung dch NH3 1,5M lng kt ta thu c khi phn ng vi dung dch trn l nh nht? Cu 50: Dn 1,344 lt NH3 vo bnh cha 0,672 lt Cl2 (ktc). a) Tnh % theo th tch ca cc kh trong hn hp sau phn ng, gi s hiu sut cc phn ng u t 100%. b) Tnh khi lng mui NH4Cl to thnh. Cu 51: Cho 1,5 lt kh NH3 (ktc) qua ng ng 12 gam CuO nung nng, c cht rn X. a) Tnh khi lng Cu to thnh. b) Tnh V dung dch HCl c pH = 1 va tc dng vi hn hp cht rn X. Cu 52: C cc cht rn Na2O, NH4NO3, Ba(NO3)2 vi s mol mi cht l 0,1. Ha tan hn hp cc cht rn ny vo nc, c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam sn phm.
Cu 53: Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v vit cc phng trnh ha hc di dng phn t v ion thu gn bit: - Khi un nh A vi kim th thu c kh c mi khai. - Khi un nng A vi H2SO4 c v vn ng th to thnh kh c mu nu v mi hc. Cu 54: Xc nh cng thc phn t ca B v vit cc phng trnh ha hc di dng phn t v ion thu gn bit: - B l mui khi un nh vi kim th thu c kh c mi khai. - Khi un nng B vi H2SO4 long th to ra kh khng mi, khng mu, nhng khi dn qua dung dch nc vi trong th nc vi b c. Cu 55: So snh th tch kh NO (ktc) thot ra trong hai trng hp sau: a) Cho 6,4 gam Cu tc dng vi 120 ml dung dch HNO3 1M long b) Cho 6,4 gam Cu tc dng vi 120 ml dung dch HNO3 1M + H2SO4 0,5M long. Cu 56: Cho 0,368 gam hn hp Al, Zn tc dng va vi 25 lt dung dch HNO3 0,001M, sau phn ng thu c 3 mui, khng c kh thot ra. Tm % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. Cu 57: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3 thu c V lt (ktc) hn hp X gm NO v NO2 c t khi hi vi H2 bng 19. Tnh V v khi lng mui to thnh sau phn ng. Cu 58: Cho 13,5 gam Al tc dng va vi 2,2 lt HNO 3 long, sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O. Bit t khi hi ca hn hp kh so vi H2 l 19,2. a) Tnh s mol kh to ra b) Tnh CM dung dch axit ban u c) Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. Cu 59: Khi nung nng 15,04 gam ng nitrat, sau mt thi gian thy c 8,56 gam cht rn A. Tnh lng ng nitrat b phn hy v xc nh thnh phn % cht rn A. Cu 60: Nhit phn 6,62 gam mui nitrat ca mt kim loi nng ha tr II thy thot ra 1,12 lt hn hp kh O2 v NO2. Tm cng thc ca mui. Cu 61: Cho hn hp kh to nn khi nung nng 27,25 gam hn hp natri nitrat v ng nitrat i vo 89,2 ml H2o th thy c 1,12 lt kh khng hp th. Tm C% dung dch thu c v thnh phn % ca hn hp cc mui nitrat. Gi s ha tan ca oxi l khng ng k. Cu 62: Tm khi lng natri nitrat cha 10% tp cht tr v H2SO4 98% dng iu ch 300 gam dung dch HNO3 6,3%. Gi thit hiu sut ca qu trnh l 90%. Cu 63: T NH3 iu ch c axit HNO3 qua 3 giai on: a) Hy vit cc phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra trong tng giai on b) Tm khi lng dd HNO3 60% iu ch c 112000 lt kh NH3 ktc. Gi thit hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 80%. Cu 64: Cho 2,4 gam C tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c nng, hn hp kh thu c dn qua dung dch NaOH 2M. Tnh V dung dch NaOH 2M ti thiu tc dng vi hn hp kh trn, bit cc sn phm to thnh l mui trung ha. Cu 65: Cho 8 gam S tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch HNO3 3,5M a) Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 2M trung ha dung dch sau phn ng trn b) Tnh khi lng kt ta sau phn ng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 2M.
Cu 66: Nung nng 66,2 gam Pb(NO3)2 thu c 55,4 gam cht rn a) Tnh hiu sut phn ng nhit phn b) Tnh s mol kh thot ra. Cu 67: Nung mt lng mui Cu(NO3)2 sau mt thi gian dng li ngui em cn th thy khi lng gim 54 gam. a) Tnh khi lng Cu(NO3)2 b phn hy b) Tnh s mol kh thot ra. Cu 68: Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh sau mt thi gian thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo H 2O c 300ml dung dch Y. Tnh pH dung dch Y. Cu 69: Cho 34 gam mt mui nitrat ca kim loi M ha tr n khng i vo bnh kn. Nung mui n mt lng khng i th thu c 21,6 gam cht rn. Xc nh M. Cu 70: Ha tan 62,1 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 long, sau phn ng thu c 16,8 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X gm hai kh khng mu, khng ha nu ngoi khng kh. T khi hi ca hn hp kh X i vi hidro l 17,2. Tm M. Cu 71: Cho 7,2 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 6,72 lt kh Y (ktc) v dunh dch Z. Lm bay hi dung dch Z th thu c 47,4 gam cht rn khan. Xc nh cng thc ca Y, bit Y l sn phm kh ca HNO3. Cu 72: Cho mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 940,8 ml kh NxOy (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Xc nh kh NxOy v kim loi M. Cu 73: Ha tan 9,6 gam Mg trong mt lng axit HNO3 d th thu c 2,464 lt kh A (27,3oC; 1 atm). Xc nh A. Cu 74: Ha tan 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long d thu c dung dch X v 1,344 lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh N2 v N2O. T khi hi ca Y so vi H2 bng 18. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Tnh m. Cu 75: Ha tan hon ton 0,368 gam hn hp Al, Zn cn va 25 lt dung dch HNO3 0,001M. Sau phn ng thu c 3 mui. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp. Cu 76: Cho mt lng bt ng d vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol KNO3 sau thm tip dung dch cha 0,2 mol HCl v 0,3 mol H2SO4 cho n khi phn ng kt thc. Tnh th tch kh khng mu, ha nu ngoi khng kh thot ra (ktc). Cu 77: Cho 19,2 gam Cu vo 500 ml dung dch NaNO3 1M, sau thm 500 ml dung dch HCl 2M. a) Cu c tan ht hay khng? Tnh th tch kh NO bay ra (ktc) b) Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch A thu c sau phn ng bit th tch dung dch A l 1 lt. c) Phi thm bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 0,2M kt ta ht Cu2+ cha trong dung dch A? Cu 78: Ha tan ht 4,431 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt (ktc) hn hp hai kh (u khng mu) c khi lng 2,59 gam, trong c mt kh ha nu ngoi khng kh a) Tnh phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp. b) Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng. c) Khi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.
Cu 79: Ha tan hon ton 9,41 gam hn hp hai kim loi Al v Zn vo 530 ml dung dch HNO3 2M thu c dung dch A v 2,464 lt hn hp hai cht kh N2O v NO khng mu o ktc c khi lng 4,28 gam. a) Tnh phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp. b) Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng. c) Tnh th tch dung dch NH3 2M cho vo dung dch A : Thu c khi lng kt ta ln nht Thu c khi lng kt ta b nht
Bi tp t lun chng I 1.Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau trong dung dch: Ba(NO3)2, HNO3, KOH, K2CrO4, HBrO4, BeF2, NaHCO3,H2SO4, HClO, HNO2, HCN, HBrO, Sn(OH)2. 2.Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch sau: a,KOH 0,02M b,BaCl2 0,015M c,HCl 0,05M d, (NH4)2SO4 0,01M 3. Hy cho bit cc phn t v ion sau l axit, baz hay lng tnh theo thuyt Bron-stt: HI, CH3COO, PO43-, NH3, CO32-, HS, NH4+, BrO. 4. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol Cl-, d mol NO3. Tm mi lin h gia a, b, c, d. 5. Dung dch A cha 0,4 mol Ca2+, 0,5 mol Ba2+ v x mol Cl. Tnh x. 6. Mt dung dch cha 2 cation l Fe2+ (0,1mol) v Al3+ (0,2mol) v hai anion l Cl(a mol) v SO42- (b mol). Tnh a, b bit rng khi c cn dung dch thu c 46,9 gam cht rn khan. 7. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,5M c cha s mol OH bng s mol OH c trong 200g dung d1ch NaOH 20%. 8. Tnh nng ion H+ trong dung dch HNO3 12,6%, D= 1,12 g/ml. 9. Tnh nng cc ion trong cc dung dch: a,HNO3, pH = 4 b, H2SO4 , pH= 3 c,KOH, pH= 9 d, Ba(OH)2, pH=10 10. a,Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 1,46 g HCl trong 400ml. b, Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 1,6 g NaOH trong 200ml. c, Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh sau khi trn 100ml dd HCl 1M v 400ml dd NaOH 0,375M 11. Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH pha ch 300ml dung dch c pH= 10 12. C hai dung dch sau: a,CH3COOH 0,10M ( Ka= 1,75.10-5). Tnh nng mol ca ion H+. b,NH3 0,10M ( Kb= 1,80.10-5). Tnh nng mol cu ion OH 13. Dung dch CH3COOH 1M c in li = 1,42 %. Tnh nng mol ion H+ trong dung dch . 14. Dung dch HClO 0,2M c nng H+ bng 0,008M. Tnh in li ca HClO trong dung dch. 15.Vit phng trnh phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng sau (nu c) xy ra trong dung dch: a, KNO3 + NaCl b, NaOH + HNO3 c,Mg(OH)2 + HCl d, NaF + AgNO3 e, Fe2(SO4)3 + KOH g, FeS + HCl Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 114
h, NaHCO3 + HCl i, NaHCO3 + NaOH k, K2CO3 + NaCl l, Al(OH)3 + HNO3 m, Al(OH)3 + NaOH n, CuSO4 + Na2S 16. Trong dung dch c th tn ti ng thi cc ion sau y c khng? Gii thch a, Na+, Cu2+, Cl-, OHb, K+, Ba2+, Cl-, SO4 2-. c, K+, Fe2+, Cl-, SO4 2-. d, HCO3-, OH-, Na+, Cl17. Cc dung dch sau c mi trng g? Gii thch. AlCl3, (CH3COO)2Ba, KNO3, K2S, NH4NO3, NaNO2. 18. Trong 200ml dung dch A c cha 0,2 mol ion Na+, 0,6 mol NH4+, 0,4mol H+, 0,2mol Cl-, 0,5 mol SO42-. Dung dch B cha hn hp hai hiroxit KOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 2M. Cho 300ml dung dch B vo dung dch A, un nh. Tnh khi lng dung dch gim sau phn ng. 19. Dung dch X cha hn hp 2 axit HCl 0,4M v H2SO4 0,1 M. Dung dch Y cha hn hp 2 hiroxit KOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Tnh th tch dung dch Y cn dng trung ho 200ml dung dch X v khi lng kt ta thu c. 20. Trong y hc, dc phm Nabica (NaHCO3) l cht c dng trung ho bt lng d axit HCl trong d dy. Hy vit phng trnh ho hc dng phn t v ion rt gn ca phn ng . Tnh th tch dd HCl 0,035M (nng axit trong d dy) c trung ho v th tch kh CO2 sinh ra ktc khi ung 0,336g NaHCO3. 21. trung ho hon ton 600ml dung dch hn hp HCl 2M v H2SO4 1,5M cn bao nhiu mililit dung dch hn hp Ba(OH)2 v KOH 1M. 22. Ho tan m gam kim loi Ba vo nc thu c 2,0 lit dung dch X c pH =13. Tnh m. 23.Cho 220ml dung dch HCl c pH = 5 tc dng vi 180ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 9 th thu c dung dch A. Tnh pH ca dung dch A. 24.C 3 dung dch HCl, NaOH, NaCl ng trong 3 l mt nhn. Ch s dng dd phenolphtalein v cc dng c th nghim, nu cch nhn bit cc dung dch . Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng xy ra. 25.Ch dng qu tm hy phn bit cc dung dch khng mu ng trong cc l mt nhn sau: NaOH, HCl, Ba(OH)2, NaNO3, K2SO4. Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra.
1. Khi nim v s in li, cht in li, phn loi cc cht in li Bi 1. Nhng cht no trong s cc cht sau y phn li thnh cc ion khi ho tan trong nc. Hy vit cc phng trnh in li ca chng (nu c) : H2S, Cl2, H2SO3, CH4, Na2CO3, NaOH, H2SO4, C2H5OH, CaO. Bi 2. Trong dung dch axit axetic tn ti cn bng sau : CH3COOH CH3COO + H + in li ca CH3COOH s bin i nh th no khi : a) nh vo dung dch vi git dung dch HCl. b) nh vo dung dch vi git dung dch NaOH. c) nh vo dung dch vi git dung dch CH3COONa. 2. Khi nim axit - baz theo quan im Bron-stt. Hng s phn li axit - baz
2 Bi 1. Theo nh ngha v axit - baz ca Bron-stt, cc ion : Na+, NH + , CO3 , CH3COO , 4 HSO , K + , Cl , HCO3 l axit, baz, lng tnh hay trung tnh ? Ti sao ? Trn c s 4 , hy d on gi tr pH ca cc dung dch cho di y : Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4.
Bi 2. 25oC, hng s phn li axit ca axit axetic l K a = 1, 75.105 . Hy tnh nng ca ion H + v in li ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M. 3. pH. Cht ch th axit - baz Bi 1. Ho tan m gam kim loi Ba vo nc thu c 2,0 lt dung dch X c pH = 13. Tnh m. Bi 2. C ba l mt nhn ng 3 dung dch trong sut : dung dch CH3COOH c pH = 5, dung dch CH3COONa c pH = 10 v dung dch NaCl c pH = 7. Hy dng mt cht ch th nhn bit cc ho cht trn. Bi 3. Dung dch X l mt dung dch baz yu c pH = 8, dung dch Y l dung dch axit yu c pH = 5. Nu dng cht ch th l phenolphtalein th c nhn bit c cc dung dch X v Y hay khng ? Hy gii thch. 4. Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 116
Bi 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng (nu c) xy ra trong dung dch gia cc cp cht sau : a) NaCl b) Na2CO3 c) Na3PO4 d) ZnS e) KNO3 + + + + + AgNO3 HCl HCl HCl NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl
Bi 2. C th tn ti cc dung dch cha ng thi tng nhm cc ion sau y hay khng ? Hy gii thch.
a) HCO3 , Na + , Ba 2 + , H + b) HCO3 , K + , Ca 2 + , OH
c) Zn 2 + , S2 , Na + , Cl d) Fe3+ , Cl , Na + , HS 5. Mui, phn loi mui, s thu phn v mi trng ca mui Bi 1. Cc mui FeCl3, Na2CO3 v KCl l cc mui trung ho hay mui axit, trong dung dch chng c b thu phn hay khng ? Dung dch cc mui ny s c mi trng g ? Bi 2. Mt dung dch cha 2 cation l Fe2+ (0,1 mol) v Al3+ (0,2 mol) v hai anion l Cl (a mol) v SO2 (b mol). Tnh a, b bit rng khi c cn dung dch thu c 46,9 gam cht 4 rn khan. 6. Bi tp tng hp Bi 1. a) S in li l g ? Lm th no bit c mt cht khi tan vo nc c in li hay khng ? b) in li l g ? in li c gii hn trong khong no v ph thuc vo nhng yu t no ? c) Th no l cht in li mnh, cht in li yu v cht khng in li ? Cho cc v d minh ho. Bi 2. Tnh nng mol ca cation v anion trong cc dung dch sau : a) Mg(NO3)2 0,10M. b) HCl 0,02M. c) NaOH 0,01M. Bi 3. Dung dch A c cha 3,0 gam axit CH3COOH trong 250 ml dung dch. Cho bit in li ca axit axetic trong dung dch ny l 1,4%. Tnh nng mol cc ion c trong dung dch A.

Bi 4. Trong mt dung dch c cc ion Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, HCO3 , Cl . Hy tr li cc cu hi sau v gii thch :
a) Trong dung dch c th c nhng mui no ? b) Khi c cn dung dch thu c nhng cht rn no ? c) Khi nung hn hp cht rn, sau khi c cn c th thu c nhng cht g ? Bi 5. Theo nh ngha v axit - baz ca Bron-stt, cc cht v ion sau y ng vai tr l axit, baz, lng tnh hay trung tnh : NH + , [Al(H2O)6]3+, C6 H5O , S2 , Zn(OH)2, HSO , 4 4
HCO3 , K+, SO2 ? Ti sao ? 4 Bi 6. Dng thuyt Bron-stt hy gii thch v sao cc cht Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3, H2O, HCO3 c coi l nhng cht lng tnh ?
Bi 7. Hy gii thch ti sao nc nguyn cht c pH = 7 v nc c ho tan CO2 li c pH < 7 ? Bi 8. Cho a mol NO2 hp th vo dung dch c cha a mol NaOH. Dung dch thu c c pH ln hn hay nh hn 7 (bit HNO2 l mt axit yu). Bi 9. Theo quan im mi v axit - baz (theo Bron-stt) th phn nhm-amoni, c cng thc l NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O v soa, c cng thc l Na2CO3, l axit hay baz. Vit phng trnh ho hc gii thch. Bi 10. Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn ca dung dch NaHCO3 vi tng dung dch : H2SO4 long, KOH, Ba(OH)2 d. Trong mi phn ng , ion HCO3 ng vai tr axit hay baz. Bi 11. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau : a) dung dch A : H2SO4 0,01M. b) dung dch B : NaOH 0,01M. c) dung dch C : to bi dung dch A trn vi dung dch B theo t l th tch tng ng l 1 : 2. Bi 12. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c in li = 1%. Vit phng trnh in li ca CH3COOH v tnh pH ca dung dch ny. Bi 13. Tnh in li ca dung dch axit HA 0,1M c pH = 3. Vic thm mt t dung dch HCl vo dung dch HA c lm thay i in li ca axit ny khng ? Bi 14. trung ho 50 ml hn hp X gm HCl v H 2SO4 cn dng 20 ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c 0,381 gam mui khan. a) Xc nh nng mol ca cc axit trong X. b) Tnh pH ca dung dch X. Bi 15. Trn ln 50,0 ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 50,0 ml dung dch NaOH 0,10M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 118
Bi 16. Cho dung dch A gm HCl v H2SO4. Trung ho va ht 1 lt dung dch A cn 400 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. C cn dung dch to thnh th thu c 12,9 gam mui khan. a) Tnh nng mol ca cc axit c trong dung dch A. b) Tnh pH ca dung dch A. Bi 17. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025M cn cho vo 100 ml dung dch gm HNO3 v HCl c pH = 1,0 pH ca hn hp thu c bng 2,0. Bi 18. Pha long 10 ml dung dch HCl vo nc thnh 250 ml, dung dch thu c c pH = 3. Hy tnh nng ca HCl trc khi pha long v pH ca dung dch . Bi 19. Cho V1 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 13. Pha long dung dch ny bng nc ct thu c V2 ml dung dch NaOH c pH=10. Th tch V2 s ln hn th tch V1 bao nhiu ln ? Bi 20. Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 (dung dch A). a) Pha long V1 ml dung dch A bng nc ct thnh V2 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 11. Th tch V2 s ln hn th tch V1 bao nhiu ln ? b) Cho 0,535 gam mui NH4Cl vo 100 ml dung dch A, un si dung dch, sau lm ngui v nh thm vi git phenolphtalein. Hi dung dch c mu g ? Bi 21. a) So snh pH ca cc dung dch HCl v CH3COOH c cng nng mol. Gii thch. So snh (c gii thch) nng mol ca cc dung dch CH3COONa v NaOH c cng pH. Bi 22. Th no l mui trung ho, mui axit. Cho v d. Axit photphor (H3PO3) l axit hai ln axit. Vy hp cht Na2HPO3 l mui axit hay mui trung ho ?
2 Bi 23. Trong 3 dung dch c cc loi ion sau : Ba 2 + ; Mg 2 + ; Na + ; SO2 ; CO3 v NO3 . 4 Mi dung dch ch cha mt loi anion v mt cation. Hy xc nh cc dung dch mui ny.
Bi 24. Trong dung dch c th tn ti ng thi cc ion sau y c khng ? Gii thch. a) Na+, Cu2+, Cl v OH . b) K+, Ba 2 + , Cl v SO2 . 4 c) K+, Fe2+, Cl v SO2 . 4
d) HCO3 , H+ (H3O+), Na+ v Cl .
Bi 25. C 3 ng nghim ng cc dung dch long, mi ng nghim cha 2 anion v 2 cation (khng trng lp gia cc ng nghim). Hy xc nh cc cation v anion trong tng ng nghim, bit chng gm cc ion sau : NH + ; Na+; Ag+; Ba2+; Mg2+; Al3+; Cl; Br; NO3 ; 4
2 SO 2 ; PO3 ; CO3 . 4 4

Bi 26. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO3 v d mol Cl .
a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d. b) Lp cng thc tnh tng khi lng mui trong dung dch. Bi 27. Kt qu xc nh nng mol ca cc ion trong mt dung dch nh sau : Na+ : 0,05M ; Ca2+ : 0,01M ; NO3 : 0,01M ; Cl : 0,04M v HCO3 : 0,025M. Hi kt qu ng hay sai, ti sao ?
Bi 28. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng sau di dng phn t v ion thu gn. a) BaCl2 b) Ba(OH)2 c) Na2SO4 d) NaCl e) Na2CO3 f) FeCl3 g) CuCl2 h) CaCO3 + ? BaSO4 + ? BaSO4 + ? NaNO3 + ? NaNO3 + ? NaCl + ? Fe(OH)3 + ? CaCl2 + ? + ? + ? + ? + ? + ? + ?
+ ? Cu(OH)2 + ? + ? + ?
Cac bai toan ve H2SO4

1) Cho 40 gr hon hp Fe Cu tac dung va u vi dung dch H2SO4 98% nong thu c 15,68 lit SO2 (kc). a.Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp? b.Tnh khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 a dung? 2) Cho 20,8 gr hon hp Cu va CuO tac dung va u dung dch H2SO4 , nong thu c 4,48 lit kh (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp? b.Tnh khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 80% can dung va khoi lng muoi sinh ra. 3) Cho 7,6 gr hon hp gom Fe, Mg, Cu vao dung dch H2SO4 , nguoi d th thu c 6,16 lit kh SO2 (kc). Phan khong tan cho tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thu c 1,12 lit kh (kc).Tnh % khoi lng hon hp au. S: Fe : 36,8% ; Mg : 31,58% ; Cu: 31,62%. 4) Cho 10,38 gr hon hp gom Fe, Al va Ag chia lam 2 phan bang nhau: - Phan 1: Tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 loang d thu c 2,352 lit khi (kc). - Phan 2: Tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 , nong d thu c 2,912lit kh SO2 (kc). Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 120
Tnh khoi lng tng kim loai trong hon hp ban au. S: mFe = 3,36 gr ; mAl = 2,7 gr ; mAg = 4,32 gr. 5) Nung nong hon hp gom 11,2 gr bot Fe va 3,2 gr bot lu huynh. Cho san pham tao thanh vao 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 th thu c hon hp kh A bay ra va dung dch B( Hp = 100%). a. Tm % the tch cua hon hp A. b. e trung hoa dung dch B phai dung 200 ml dung dch KOH 2M.Tm CM cua dung dch H2SO4 a dung. S: a. H2S: 50%; H2: 50%. b. 2M. 6) Cho 12,6 gr hon hp A cha Mg va Al c tron theo t le mol 3:2 tac dung va u vi dung dch H2SO4 ac, nong thu c kh SO2 (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A? b. Tnh VSO2 ( 270 C; 5 atm). c. Cho toan bo kh SO2 tren vao 400 ml dung dch NaOH 2,5 M. Tnh CM cac chat trong dung dch thu c. S: a. 57,14% ; 42,86%. 2,95 lit. 7) Cho 20,4 gr hon hp X gom Fe, Zn, Al tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thu c 10,08 lit H2 (kc). Mat khac cho 0,2 mol X tac dung va u vi 6,16 lit Cl2 (kc).Tnh khoi lng moi kim loai. 8) Cho 24,582 gr hon hp 3 kim loai X, Y, Z co t le khoi lng nguyen t la 10: 11: 23, co t le mol la 1: 2: 3.Neu cho lng kim loai X co trong hon hp tren phan ng vi dung dch HCl th thu c 2,24 lit H2 (kc).Xac nh ten 3 kim loai. 9) Cho H2SO4 loang d tac dung vi 6,66 gr hon hp gom 2 kim loai A,B eu hoa tr II thu c 0,1 mol kh ong thi khoi lng giam 6,5 gr. Hoa tan phan ran con lai bang H2SO4ac, nong th thu c 0,16 gr SO2. a) nh ten 2 kim loai A, B ( gia s MA > MB ). b) Tnh thanh phan khoi lng va thanh phan % khoi lng cua chung co trong hon hp. c) Cho phng phap tach ri tng chat sau ay ra khoi hon hp A, B, oxit B va ASO4 ( muoi sunfat).
10) Cho Hidroxit cua kim loai hoa tr II tac dung va u vi dung dch H2SO4 20% th thu c dung dch muoi co nong o 24,12%. Xac nh cong thc hidroxit.
11) 2,8 gam Oxit cua kim loai hoa tr II tac dung va het vi 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 1M. Xac nh Oxit o. 12) Hoa tan 7 gam hon hp gom Mg va 1 kim loai kiem A vao dung dch H2SO4 loang d, sau phan ng thu c 4,48lt kh(kc) va hon hp muoi B. Xac nh kim loai kiem A va % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp au.Tnh khoi lng B, biet rang neu dung 60ml dung dch H2SO4 1M th khong hoa tan het 3,45 gam kim loai A. 13) Cho dung dch H2SO4 tac dung vi dung dch NaOH. Sau phan ng co can dung dch thu c 7,2 gam muoi axit va 56,8 gam muoi trung hoa.Xac nh lng H2SO4 va NaOH a lay. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 121
14) Hoa tan 3,2 gam hon hp Cu va CuO vao H2SO4 ac,nong thu c 672ml kh (kc). Tnh phan hon hp, khoi lng muoi thu c va khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 98% can lay. 15) Hoa tan 11,5gam hon hp Cu, Mg, Al vao dung dch HCl thu c 5,6 lt kh(kc). Phan khong tan cho vao H2SO4 ac,nong thu c 2,24 lt kh(kc). Tnh % khoi lng cua moi kim loai trong hon hp . 16) Hoa tan hoan toan Vlt kh SO2 (kc) vao nc, cho nc brom vao dung dch en khi brom khong con mat mau th tiep tuc cho dung dch BaCl2 vao en d, loc lay ket tua can c 1,165g. Tnh V lt kh SO2. 17) Cho 4,8g Mg tac dung vi 250ml dung dch H2SO4 10%(d= 1,176g/ml) thu c kh H2 va dung dch A. a) Tnh the tch kh H2(kc) thu c. b) Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A. 18) Mot hon hp A gom Fe va mot kim loai M hoa tr 2. -Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1g hon hp A bang H2SO4 loang th thu c 4,48lt kh H2(kc). -Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1g hon hp A bang H2SO4 ac nong th thu c 5,6 lt kh SO2(kc). a. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng co the xay ra. b. Xac nh kim loai M.
19) Hoa tan 29,4 g hh Al, Cu, Mg vao dd HCl d tao 14 lt kh 00C, 0,8 atm. Phan khong tan cho tac dung vi dd H2SO4 tao 6,72 lt kh SO2 kc.
20) Hoa tan 24,8g hh X gom Fe, Mg, Cu trong dd H2SO4 , nong d thu c dung dch A. Sau khi co can dd A thu c 132 g muoi khan. 24,8 g X tac dung vi dd HCl d th thu c 11,2 lt kh (kc).
a) Xac nh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hh. b) Cho hh tren tac dung vi H2SO4 kh tao thanh c dan qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 sau 1 thi gian thu c 54 g ket tua. Tnh V Ca(OH)2 can dung.
21) Cho 8,3 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, Nhom va Magie tac dung va u vi dd H2SO4 20% (loang). Sau phan ng con chat khong tan B va thu c 5,6 lt kh (kc). Hoa tan hoan toan B trong H2SO4 , nong, d; thu c 1,12 lt kh SO2 (kc).
a) Viet phng trnh phan ng b) Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hh X.
a. Tnh % so mol moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b. Tnh C% cac chat co trong dung dch B, biet lng H2SO4 phan ng la va u. c. Dan toan bo kh SO2 tren vao dd Ca(OH)2 sau mot thi gian thu c 3 g ket tua va dd D. Loc bo ket tua cho Ca(OH)2 en d vao dd D, tm khoi lng ket tua thu c.
CACBON SILIC
A. L thuyt 1. Cacbon (C), M = 12, Z = 6 1s22s22p2 a) Tnh kh C + O2, CO2, HNO3 c, H2SO4 c, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CaO, SiO2, (SiO2 + Ca3(PO4)2) Ch : C khng kh c cc oxit kim loi nh Na2O, Al2O3 . . . Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 122
b) Tnh oxi ho C + H2, Ca, Al, . . . Al4C3 + H2O, HCl CH4 + . . . CaC2 + H2O, HCl C2H2 +... 2. Cacbon monoxit CO CO + O2, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 Ch : CO khng kh c cc oxit kim loi nh Na2O, Al2O3 . . . iu ch: C + H2O, CO2, hoc t HCOOH 3. Cacbon ioxit CO2 CO2 + NaOH, Ca(OH)2 Cc trng hp c th xy ra ? 4. Mui cacbonat - Mui cacbonat + axit CO2 + . . . - Mui hidrocacbonat + dd kim PT ion thu gn ca hai phn ng trn ? - Mui cacbonat nhit phn (tr mui trung ho ca cc KLK) B. Bi tp 1. t chy hon ton 8 kg than (cha tp cht khng chy) thy thot ra 0,5 m3 cacbonic. Tnh % cacbon trong than. 2. Cho 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc) tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Tnh khi lng mui thu c trong cc trng hp sau: a) V = 100 ml b) V = 200 ml c) V = 400 ml 3. Cho 1 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M tc dng vi V lt kh CO2 (ktc). Trng hp no sau y to thnh kt ta, khi lng kt ta bng bng bao nhiu ? a) V = 0,336 b) V = 1,12 c) V = 0,56 4. Cho 268,8 m3 hn hp kh CO v H2 kh st (III) oxit nhit cao. Tnh khi lng st thu c 5. Nung nng 19,15 gam hn hp CuO v PbO vi mt lng cacbon va trong mi trng khng c oxi oxit kim loi b kh ht. Ton b lng kh sinh ra c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, phn ng xong thu c 7,5 gam kt ta. a) Xc nh thnh phn phn trm mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b) Tnh khi lng cacbon cn dng. 6. kh hon ton 20 gam hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 cn dng 7,84 lt kh CO (ktc). Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp trc v sau phn ng. 7. Ho tan 28,4g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B kt tip nhau trong nhm IIA bng dung dch HCl thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v dung dch X. a) Xc nh A, B. b) Tnh khi lng mui to thnh trong dd X. c) Tnh % khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp ban u. 8. Cho 0,3 mol CO2 hp th vo 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 3,94g kt ta. Tnh CM ca dd Ba(OH)2. 9. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp FeO v Fe2O3 t nng. Sau phn ng thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht, nng 4,784g. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp th Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 123
vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th thu c 9,062 gam kt ta. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u. 10. xc nh hm lng phn trm cacbon trong mt mu gang trng, ngi ta t mu gang trng trong oxi d. Sau xc nh lng kh CO2 to thnh bng cch kh qua nc vi trong d ; lc ly kt ta, ra sch sy kh ri em cn. Vi mt mu gang khi lng l 5g v khi lng kt ta thu c l 1g th hm lng phn trm cacbon trong mu gang l bao nhiu ? 11. t mt mu than ch cha tp cht lu hunh trong oxi. Cho hn hp kh thot ra tc dng vi nc brom d, thy c 0,32g brom phn ng. Cho kh thot ra khi nc brom tc dng vi lng nc vi trong d, thu c 10g kt ta. Xc nh % khi lng cacbon trong mu than ch. 12. Cn thm t nht bao nhiu ml dd Na2CO3 0,15M vo 25 ml dd Al2(SO4)3 0,02M lm kt ta hon ton ion nhm di dng Al(OH)3 ? Bit rng phn ng thot ra kh CO2. 13. Hy in du (+) vo trng hp no c v du (-)vo trng hp no khng c phn ng xy ra gia cc cht sau y: CO2 (NH4)2CO3 NaHCO3 Ba(HCO3)2 Na2SO4 dd NaOH dd BaCl2 dd CaO r 14. C mt hn hp 3 mui NH4HCO3, NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2. Khi nung 48,8g hn hp n khi lng khng i, thu c 16,2g hn hp rn. Cho hn hp rn tc dng vi dd HCl d, thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Xc nh thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp u. 15. Cacbon phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y ? Vit PTHH ? a) Fe2O3, CO2, H2, HNO3 c. b) CO, Al2O3, HNO3 c, H2SO4 c c) Fe2O3, Al2O3, CO2, HNO3 c d) CO, Al2O3, K2O, Ca 16. xc nh hm lng cacbon trong mt mu thp khng cha lu hunh, ngi ta phi t mu thp trong oxi d v xc nh lng CO2 to thnh. Hy xc nh hm lng cacbon trong mu thp , bit rng khi t 10g thp trong oxi d ri dn ton b sn phm qua nc vi trong d th thu c 0,5g kt ta. 17. Nung hn hp cha 5,6g CaO v 5,4g C trong l h quang in thu c cht rn A v kh B. Kh B chy c trong khng kh. a) Xc nh thnh phn nh tnh v nh lng ca A. b) Tnh th tch kh B thu c ktc. 18. C a gam hn hp X gm CuO v Al2O3. Ngi ta thc hin cc th nghim sau: Th nghim 1: Cho X phn ng hon ton vi dd HCl, c cn dd th thu c 4,02g cht rn khan. Th nghim 2: Cho X phn ng va vi bt cacbon nhit cao th thu c 0,112 lt kh (ktc) Tnh a ? 19. C cc cht sau y: Ca(HCO3)2, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, C, CO, CO2, CaCO3. Hy lp mt dy chuyn ho th hin mi quan h gia cc cht . Vit PTHH. 20. C cc cht rn, mu trng ng trong cc l ring bit khng dn nhn l CaCO3, Na2CO3, NaNO3. Phn bit cc cht rn trn. 21. C cc s liu thc nghim sau: Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 124
Cho 22,4 lt hn hp A gm 2 kh CO v CO2 i qua than nng (khng c mt khng kh) thu c kh B c th tch ln hn th tch A l 5,6 lt. - Dn B i qua dd Ca(OH)2 d th thu c 20,25g mui. Xc nh % theo th tch cc kh trong A. 22. Cho V lt kh CO2 tc dng vi 100 ml dd Ca(OH)2 0,02M thu c 0,1g kt ta. Tnh V 23. Al Al(NO3)3 Al(OH)3 Al2O3 Al Al4C3 CH4 CO2 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 CaCl2 24. Hn hp X gm CO v CO2. t khi ca X i vi H2 l 20. a) Tnh phn trm th tch ca mi kh. b) 8,96 lt kh X (ktc) tc dng vi nc vi trong d. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c. TOAN VE HNO3 TAC DUNG VI KIM LOAI, OXT, HP CHAT
C S LY THUYET : - Axit HNO3 la mot hp chat axit manh, va mang tnh chat cua axit ien hnh va mang tnh chat oxh manh. - Do o khi cho HNO3 tac dung vi cac chat khong co tnh kh, no ch the hien tnh chat cua mot axit, nhng khi cho HNO 3 tac dung vi cac chat co tnh chat kh th no the hien la mot hp chat co tnh chat OXH manh. - Xet ve CTCT : H O N = O O * LK O-H ban chat la lk phan cc. O nhom NO2 hut e manh nen lam ien tch am tai O giam , lien ket OH cang phan cc manh hn, ng.t H linh ong manh hn, the hien tnh axit. * Ng.t N co mc OXH +5 (cc ai) nen co the nhan them e e giam mc OXH ve +4, +2, +1, 0 the hien tnh chat OXH manh. I. Tnh chat vat ly : - Chat long, khong mau, mui hac, tan vo han trong nc. - De phan huy tao NO2, O2 , H2O nhiet o thng, manh hn nhiet o 84oC. - d=1,52g/ml, C% (ac) =68%. II. Tnh chat hoa hoc : 1/- T/c axit manh : * S ien li : phan li hoan toan trong nc : HNO3 + H2O = NO3- + H3O+ . * T.dung OxBZ, BZ : CaO + 2HNO3 = Ca(NO3)2 + H2O. NaOH + HNO3 = NaNO3 + H2O. * T.dung muoi : 2HNO3 + CaCO3 = Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O. 2/- T/c OXH manh : * T.dung kim loai : Goi n la hoa tr cao nhat cua kim loai R R + HNO3 = R(NO3)n + sp kh N+5 + H2O. Tuy theo [HNO3] va tnh chat kh cua kim loai ma sp kh thu c khac nhau. Chu y : HNO3 khong tac dung vi Pt, Au. HNO3 ac thu ong vi Al, Fe. * T.dung vi phi kim : a phi kim len mc OXH cao nhat. 6HNO3 + S = H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O. * T.dung vi hp chat co tnh chat kh : 3FeO + 10HNO3 = 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O. PHNG PHAP C BAN E NGAM CU BAI TOAN AXIT HNO3 :

Mat du a co s chon loc thch ang, nhng vi the gii muon mau cua hoa hoc vi nhng bai toan lat leo chuyen mon tm cach dau i s that th viec xac nh pp giai la ieu kho nh the tm kim ay be. ay, toi ch co the knh tha rang : da vao kinh nghiem ban than, qua nhieu lan va cham thng au, e co the nghe mui mot bai toan va tm ra mot hng giai thch hp cho no. Cu the : 1/- oi vi bai toan dang thng (gt cho u cac qua trnh p., ac biet la a giup ta xac nh chnh xac sp cua qua trnh kh N+5) -Theo yeu cau cua e : xac nh cac ptp., can bang ung u, co gang nghien cu k e khong phai thieu sot p. -Neu e bai cho san pham p. cha ro rang ta phai t i xac nh bang cach : *Da vao ly thuyet (ch mang tnh chat tng oi) -HNO3 ac + moi chat kh cho sp la N+4/NO2. -HNO3 loang khi tac dung : + kim loai manh (K, Ba, Ca, Na) cho N-3/NH4NO3. + kim loai kha manh (Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr) cho N +2/NO; N+1/N2O; No/N2; N3 /NH4NO3. + kim loai trung bnh, yeu (t Fe en Hg) cho N+2/NO. *Co the da vao mot kh cu the va t khoi hi cua hh kh e xac nh kh con lai. -Theo yeu cau e bai xac nh muc tieu can tm, t muc tieu o se xac nh c viec ac an cho bai toan nh the nao cho phu hp. -Tren c s an a at, tm cach lien he cac d lieu ma bai toan e cap en. Thiet lap pt can thiet, giai bai toan. 2/- oi vi bai toan cho nhieu chat kh va khong xac nh chnh xac sp : -Ta giai bai toan nay tren phng phap bao toan electron. -Khong viet phng trnh rieng cho bai toan, ma viet cac qua trnh OXH va kh cua cac chat trc tiep tham gia phan ng. -Van dung nguyen tac bao toan e : trong phan ng OXH kh tong e cho bang tong e nhan e thiet lap mot phng trnh lien he so mol cua chat kh va cat OXH, sau o nhat thiet phai dung them nh luat bao toan khoi lng cho cac qua trnh p nham xac nh tiep pt h hai nham tm kiem so mol cua cac chat hoan thanh bai toan. 3/- Chu y : Cac bai toan ve axit HNO3 khong bao gi n gian, ben trong no luon an cha nhng phan ng co lien quan en nhng phan kien thc hoa khac, nh kim loai tac dung muoi, phan ng nhiet nhom, p. trao oi, phan ng axit bazo. Nhat thiet phai chu y xac nh cho bang het nhng phan ng nay neu co, khi o bai toan mi c giai quyet triet e. MOT SO BAI TOAN AXIT HNO3 THNG GAP : 1) Cho hon hp A cha 3 kim loai X,Y,Z co hoa tr lan lt la 3,2,1va t le mol lan lt la 1:2:3 , trong o so mol cua X bang x mol. Hoa tan hoan toan A bang dung dch co cha y gam HNO3 (lay d 25%). Sau phan ng thu c dung dch B khong cha NH4NO3 va V lt hon hp kh G (dktc) gom NO2 va NO. Lap bieu thc tnh y theo x va V. 2) Mot oxt kim loai co CTPT MxOy trong o M chiem 72,41% khoi lng. Kh hoan toan oxt nay bang kh CO thu c 16,8 gam kim loai M. Hoa tan hoan toan lng M bang HNO3 ac nong thu c muoi cua M co hoa tr 3 va 0,9 mol NO 2. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra va xac nh CTPT oxt kim loai M. 3) Cho 2,6 gam hon hp X gom Al,Fe,Cu tac dung vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1,344 lt kh H2 (dktc), dung dch B va chat ran A khong tan. Hoa tan chat ran A trong 300 ml dung dch HNO3 0,4M (ax d), thu c 0,56 lt kh NO duy nhat (dktc) va dung dch E. Biet rang cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. a) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng va tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp X. b) Neu cho dung dch E tac dung vi dd NH3 d th thu c toi a bao nhieu gam ket tua . Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra.

c) Neu cho dd E tac dung vi bot Fe d sau khi cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan thu c kh NO duy nhat, dung dch Y va mot lng chat ran khong tan. Loc bo chat ran roi co can dung dch Y th thu c bao nhieu gam muoi khan. 4) Hoa tan 62,1 gam kim loai R trong dd HNO3 (loang) c 16,8 lt hon hp kh X (dktc) gom hai kh khong mau, khong hoa nau ngoai khong kh, biet dX/H2 = 17,2. a) Xac nh kim loai R. b) Neu s dung dung dch HNO3 2M th the tch a dung bao nhieu lt biet rang a lay d 25% so vi lng can thiet. 5) Hoa tan hoan toan kim loai A vao dung dch HNO 3 loang thu c dung dch X va 0,2 mol NO. Tng t cung hoa tan hoa toan kim loai B vao dung dch HNO3 tren, ch thu c dung dch Y. Tron X va Y c dung dch Z. Cho NaOH d vao Z c 0,1 mol kh va mot ket tua D. Nung D en khoi lng khong oi c 40 gam mot chat ran. Bien luan e tm khoi lng nguyen t cua A, B. Biet rang A, B eu co hoa tr II, t le khoi lng nguyen t cua chung la 3:8 va khoi lng nguyen t cua chung eu la so nguyen ln hn 23 va nho hn 70. 6) Hoa tan hoan toan 9,5 gam hon hp gom Al 2O3, Al, Fe trong 900 ml dd HNO3 nong o bM, thu c dd A va 3,36 lt kh NO duy nhat (dktc). Cho dd KOH 1M vao dung dch A cho en khi lng ket tua khong thay oi na th can het 850 ml. Loc , ra va nung ket tua nhiet o cao en khoi lng khong oi c 8 gam mot chat ran. a) Tnh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp va tnh bM. b) Neu muon thu c lng ket tua ln nhat th can them bao nhieu ml dd KOH 1M vao dung dch A? Tnh lng ket tua o. 7) ot nong mot chiec lo xo bang sat khoi lng 23,52 gam trong khong kh mot thi gian, mot phan sat b OXH thanh Fe3O4. Sau khi e nguoi roi em hoa tan het vao dung dch HNO3 loang un nong nhe, thay giai phong ra 4,032 lt kh duy nhat NO (dktc). a) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. b) Tnh % lng sat cua lo xo b OXH khi ot nong. 8) Nung m gam sat trong khong kh, sau mot thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,800 gam hon hp ran A gom Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Hoa tan hoan toan A trong HNO3 d thu c dd B va 12,096 lt hon hp kh NO va NO 2 (dktc) co t khoi oi vi He la 10,167. a) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng a xay ra. b) Tnh khoi lng m gam. c) Cho dd B tac dung vi dd NaOH d, thu c ket tua C, loc ket tua roi nung trong khong kh en khoi lng khong oi c chat ran D. * D la hon hp hay nguyen chat. * Tnh khoi lng chat ran D. 9) Hon hp A gom Al, CuO, Fe3O4. Hoa tan het a gam hh A vao dd HNO 3 loang c mot chat kh khong mau hoa nau ngoai khong kh co the tch la 12,544 lt (dktc). Mat khac em nung khong co khong kh a gam hh A (gia thiet ch xay ra phan ng kh cac oxt kim loai ve kim loai) c chat ran B. Chat ran B cho tac dung vi dd NaOH d khong thay co kh bay ra c chat ran C co khoi lng nho hn chat ran B 24,48 gam. Cho kh H2 tac dung t t vi chat ran C nung nong en khi phan ng ket thuc c b gam hh kim loai va het 12,096 lt H2 (81,9oC va 1,3 atm) a) Tnh % khoi lng cua moi chat trong hh A. b) Tnh the tch kh SO2 (dktc) thu c khi cho b gam hh kim loai tren tac dung vi H2SO4 ac nong. 10) Cho 19,08 gam hon hp X gom Cu, CuO, Cu(NO 3)2 tac dung va u vi 500 ml dd HNO3 1M thu c 0,336 lt kh NO (dktc) va dd A. Cho 4,05 gam bot nhom vao dung dch A roi lac cho en khi phan ng xong c chat ran B va dung dch C. Gia s cac phan ng eu xay ra hoan toan va the tch dung dch xem nh khong thay oi. a) Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp X ban au. b) Tnh khoi lng chat ran B va nong o mol cua dd C.

11) Cho m1 gam hon hp gom Mg, Al vao m 2 gam dung dch HNO3 24%. Sau khi cac kim loai tan het co 8,96 lt hon hp kh X gom NO, N2O, N2 bay ra (dktc) va c dung dch A. Them mot lng O2 va u vao X, sau phan ng thu c hh kh Y. Dan Y t t qua dung dch NaOH d co 4,48 lt hh kh Z i ra (dktc). Ty khoi hi cua Z oi vi H2 bang 20. Neu cho dd NaOH vao A e c lng ket tua ln nhat th thu c 62,2 gam ket tua. a) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra. b) Tnh m1 va m2. Biet lng HNO3 a lay d 20% so vi lng can thiet. c) Tnh C% cac chat trong dung dch A. 12)a) A la oxt cua kim loai R (hoa tr n) co cha 30% oxy theo khoi lng . Xac nh CTPT cua A. b) Cho luong kh CO i qua ong s ng m g A nhiet o cao mot thi gian, ngi ta thu c 6,72 gam hon hp gom 4 chat ran khac nhau. em hoa tan hoan toan hon hp nay vao dd HNO3 d thay tao thanh 0,448 lt kh B duy nhat (dktc) co t khoi oi vi H2 la 15. Tnh gia tr m. 13) Cho a gam bot Al tac dung va u vi dd HNO 3 loang thu c dung dch A va 0,1792 lt kh N2, NO co t khoi oi vi H2 la 14,25. Tnh a. Cho 6,4 gam hon hp Ba va Na va b gam nc thu c 1,344 lt H 2 va dung dch B. Tnh b e sao cho sau phan ng xong nong o cua Ba(OH) 2 trong B la 3,42%. Tnh nong o % NaOH trong B. Cho mot na lng B tac dung vi dd A c bao nhieu gam ket tua? Sau o them tiep mot na lng B con lai th lng ket tua la bao nhieu? (cac the tch kh o dieu kien tieu chuan). 14) Hon hp A gom Fe, Mg, Al2O3 va mot oxt cua mot kim loai hoa tr II. Lay 13,16 gam A hoa tan het vao dd HCl thu c kh B. ot chay hoan toan B bang mot the tch khong kh thch hp (biet khong kh cha 80% nit, 20% oxy) th sau khi a ve ieu kien tieu chuan the tch kh con lai la 9,856 lt. Lay 13,16 gam A cho tac dung het vi HNO3 loang ch co kh NO bay ra, trong o the tch NO do Fe sinh ra bang 1,25 lan the tch NO do Mg tao ra. Mat khac neu lay m gam Mg va m gam kim loai X cho tac dung vi H 2SO4 loang d th the tch H2 do Mg sinh ra gap tren 2,5 lan the tch kh H2 do X sinh ra. Biet rang e hoa tan hoan toan lng oxt kim loai co trong 13,16 gam A phai dung het 50 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. a) Xac nh ten kim loai X. b) Tnh % khoi lng cac chat trong A 15) ot chay x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04 gam hon hp A gom cac oxt sat. Hoa tan hoan toan A trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,035 mol hon hp Y gom NO va NO2. T khoi hi cua Y oi vi H2 la 19. Tnh x. 16) Hoa tan 19,2 gam kim loai M trong H2SO4 ac d thu c kh SO2. Cho kh nay hap thu hoan toan trong 1 lt dd NaOH 0,7M, sau phan ng em co can dung dch thu c 41,8 gam chat ran. a) Xac nh ten cua kim loai M. b) Tron 19,2 gam kim loai M vi m gam hon hp CuCO 3 va FeCO3 roi hoa tan trong 1 lt dung dch HNO3 3M thu c dung dch A va 15,68 lt hh kh gom NO, CO2 . Hon hp kh nay co t khoi so vi H 2 la 19. Tnh m gam va the tch cua dd Ba(OH)2 0,4M can dung e trung hoa dd A. (the tch kh o dktc) 17) Neu cho 9,6 gam Cu tac dung vi 180 ml dd HNO 3 1M thu c V1 lt kh NO va dd A. Con neu cho 9,6 gam Cu tac dung vi 180 ml dd hon hp HNO 3 1M va H2SO4 0,5M (loang) th c V2 lt kh NO va dd B. Tnh t so V1:V2 va khoi lng muoi khan thu c khi co can dung dch B (biet cac the tch kh o ktc , hieu suat cac phan ng la 100%, NO la kh duy nhat sinh ra trong cac phan ng). 18) Cho 20 gam hon hp A gom FeCO3, Fe, Cu, Al tac dung vi 60 ml dd NaOH 2M thu c 2,688 lt kh H2. Sau khi ket thuc phan ng cho tiep 740 ml dd HCl 1M va un nong en khi hon hp kh B ngng thoat ra. Loc va tach can ran C. Cho hh B hap thu t t vao dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d th thu c 10 gam ket tua. Cho C tac dung vi HNO3 ac, nong thu c dd D va 1,12 lt mot chat kh duy nhat. Cho D tac dung vi NaOH d thu c ket tua E. Nung E en khoi lng khong oi nhan

c m gam san pham ran. Tnh khoi lng cua cac chat trong hh A va tnh gia tr m gam. (biet rang cac the tch kh eu o ieu kien tieu chuan) 19) Cho hon hp A gom 3 oxt cua Fe vi so mol bang nhau. Lay m1 gam A cho vao ong s chu nhiet, nung nong roi cho mot luong kh CO i qua ong, CO phan ng het, toan bo kh CO2 sinh ra hap thu het vao bnh ng Ba(OH) 2 d thu c m2 gam ket tua trang.Chat ran con lai trong ong s sau khi nung co khoi lng la 19,2 gam gom FeO, Fe3O4, Fe cho hon hp nay tac dung het vi dd HNO3 un nong c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nhat (dktc). a) Viet phng trnh phan ng a xay ra. b) Tnh khoi lng m1, m2 va so mol HNO3 a tham gia phan ng 20) P la dung dch HNO3 10%, d=1,05 g/ml. R la kim loai co hoa tr III khong oi. Hoa tan hoan toan 5,94 gam kim loai R trong 564 ml dd P thu c dd A va 2,688 lt hon hp kh B gom NO va N2O. T khoi cua B oi vi H2 la 18,5. a) Tm kim loai R. Tnh nong o % cua cac chat trong dd A. b) Cho 800 ml dd KOH 1M vao dd A. Tnh khoi lng ket tua tao thanh sau phan ng. 21) Hon hp X gom FeS2 va MS co so mol nh nhau, M la kim loai co hoa tr khong oi. Cho 6,51 gam X tac dung hoan toan vi lng d dung dch HNO3 un nong, thu c dung dch A1 va 13,216 lt kh ( dktc) hon hp kh A 2 co khoi lng la 26,34 gam gom NO2 va NO. Them mot lng d dd BaCl2 loang vao A1 thay tao thanh m1 gam chat ket tua trang trong dung dch axt d tren. a) Hay cho biet M trong MS la kim loai g. b) Tnh gia tr khoi lng m1. c) Tnh % khoi lng cac chat trong X. d) Viet phng trnh phan ng dang ion thu gon. 22) Hoa tan m gam hon hp A gom Fe va kim loai M (co hoa tr khong oi) trong dd HCl d th thu c 1,008 lt kh (dktc) va dung dch cha 4,575 gam muoi khan. Tnh m gam Hoa tan het cung lng hon hp A ( phan 1) trong dd cha hon hp HNO 3 va H2SO4 ac nhiet o thch hp th thu c 1,8816 lt hon hp hai kh (dktc) co t khoi hi oi vi H2 la 25,25. Xac nh kim loai M. 23) Hoa tan 8,1 gam kim loai R bang dung dch HNO3 loang thay thoat ra 6,72 lt NO duy nhat (dktc) a) Xac nh kim loai R. b) Hoa tan 10,8 gam kim loai R tren bang mot lng va u dd HCl thu c dung dch A. Cho lng dd A tac dung vi 6,9 gam Na (Na tan het). Tnh khoi lng ket tua thu c. 24) Mot hon hp M gom Mg va MgO c chia thanh hai phan bang nhau : Cho phan 1 tac dung het vi HCl th thu c 3,136 lt kh (dktc); co can dung dch va lam kho th thu c 14,25 gam chat ran A. Cho phan 2 tac dung het vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c 0,448 lt kh X nguyen chat (dktc); co can dung dch va lam kho th thu c 23 gam chat ran B. a) Xac nh % khoi lng cua moi chat trong M. b) Xac nh cong thc phan t kh X. 25) Cho lng d bot Fe tac dung vi 250 ml HNO 3 4M un nong va khuay eu hon hp. Phan ng xay ra hoan toan va giai phong ra kh NO duy nhat. Sau khi ket thuc phan ng, em loc bo ket tua , thu c dung dch A. Lam bay hi can than dung dch A thu c m1 gam muoi khan. Nung nong lng muoi khan o nhiet o cao e phan ng nhiet phan xay ra hoan toan, thu c m 2 gam chat ran va V lt hon hp hai kh (dktc). a) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng a xay ra. b) Tnh cac gia tr m1, m2 va the tch V. 26) Tien hanh hai th nghiem sau : - Cho 4 gam bot Cu tac dung vi 100 ml dd HNO 3 0,2M, khi phan ng ket thuc thu c V1 lt kh NO duy nhat (dktc). - Cho 4 gam bot Cu tac dung vi 100 ml dung dch hon hp HNO3 0,2M va H2SO4 0,2M, khi phan ng ket thuc a thu c V2 lt kh NO duy nhat (dktc).

a) Hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng dang ion thu gon. b) So sanh cac the tch kh thoat ra trong hai th nghiem. 27) Hoa tan 13,90 gam mot hon hp A gom Al, Cu, Mg bang V ml dung dch HNO 3 co nong o 5M va u, giai phong ra 20,16 lt kh NO 2 duy nhat (dktc) va dung dch B. Them dung dch NaOH d vao , lay ket tua nung nhiet o cao c chat ran D, dan mot luong kh H2 d i qua D thu c 14,40 gam chat ran E. a) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng a xay ra. Tnh tong khoi lng muoi tao thanh trong B b) Tnh % khoi lng cua moi kim loai trong A. c) Tnh V ml, biet cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan. 28) Hoa tan hoan toan 1,2 gam hon hp kim loai A gom Fe va R vao dung dch HNO3 th thu c dung dch hon hp B va kh NO. Co can dung dch hon hp B c chat ran, nung chat ran en khoi lng khong oi thu c 1,6 gam hon hp hai oxit cua hai kim loai. Mat khac khi cho 1,2 gam hon hp kim loai tac dung vi dd H2SO4 loang d en khi phan ng ket thuc thu c 0,224 lt H2 (dktc). a) Xac nh kim loai R biet khi tac dung vi dd HNO 3 tao hp chat trong o R co hoa tr II. b) Tnh khoi lng cac muoi trong dung dch hon hp B. 29) Hoa tan het 4,08 gam hon hp A gom mot kim loai va oxit cua no ch co tnh baz trong mot lng va u V ml dd HNO 3 4M thu c dung dch B va 0,672 lt kh NO duy nhat (dktc). Them vao B mot lng d NaOH, loc, ra ket tua nung nhiet o cao en khoi lng khong oi thu c m gam chat ran C. Lay 1 gam chat C, e hoa tan het no phai dung lng va u la 25 ml dd HCl 1M. a) Xac nh kim loai va oxit cua no trong A. Tnh % khoi lng moi chat. b) Tnh V ml, va m gam. 30) Cho mot hon hp X gom ba kim loai Cu, Zn, Al vao mot lng va u dd NaOH 2M th c 17,92 lt kh (dktc) va mot dd A, va mot chat khong tan B. Lay chat B tac dung vi dd HNO3 loang th c 4,48 lt kh khong mau (dktc) hoa nau trong khong kh. Co can dd A th c 61,4 gam hon hp muoi Na. a) Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong X. b) Tnh the tch dd NaOH can dung. 31) Cho 15,96 gam hon hp A gom Al, FeO, MgCO3 vao dung dch HNO3 loang c 3,808 lt hon hp kh B (dktc) gom : N 2 , NO, CO2 va dung dch D. Cho D tac dung vi NaOH d c ket tua E. Nung ket tua E en khoi lng khong oi c 6,4 gam chat ran. a) Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hh A. b) Tnh the tch dd HNO3 4% (d=1,02 g/ml) toi thieu can dung. 32) Cho 20 gam bot Al va Cu tac dung vi 500 ml dd NaOH xM ti ngng thoat kh th thu c 6,72 lt H2 (dktc) va con lai m1 gam chat ran A. Hoa tan hoan toan A bi dd HNO3 thu c dd B. Cho B tac dung vi lng d dd NH3 thu c 31,2 gam ket tua C. Mat khac, neu cung cho 20 gam bot tren tac dung vi 500 ml dd HNO3 yM cho ti khi ngng thoat kh th thu c 6,72 lt kh NO duy nhat (dktc) va con lai m2 gam chat ran. a) Tnh x, y va thanh phan % khoi lng hh au. b) Neu cho m2 gam chat ran tren tac dung vi H2SO4 am ac nong th thu c bao nhieu kh thoat ra (dktc) 33) Cho 18,5 gam hh Z gom Fe, Fe3O4 tac dung vi 200 ml dd HNO3 loang un nong va khay eu.Sau khi p xay ra hoan toan thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nhat (tc), dd Z1 va con lai 1,46 gam kim loai. a/- Viet cac ptp. da xay ra, tnh [HNO3] b/- Tnh khoi lng muoi trong dd Z1. 34) Cho hh A co khoi lng m gam gom bot Al va Fe xOy. Tien hanh nhiet nhom hh A trong ieu kien khong co khong kh, c hh B, nghien nho, tron eu B roi chia thanh hai phan. Phan 1 co khoi lng 14,49 gam c hoa tan het trong dd HNO 3 un nong, thu c dd C va 3,696 lt kh NO duy nhat (tc). Cho phan 2 tac dung vi lng d NaOH un nong thay giai phon 0,336 lt kh H2 (tc) va con lai 2,52 gam chat ran. Cac p. eu xay ra hoan toan.

a/- Viet cac ptp. a xay ra. b/- Xac nh CTPT cua oxit va tnh gia tr m gam.
Bi tp l thuyt v HNO3 Bi 1.Khi cho kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 khng to ra cht no sau y? A.NH4NO3 B.N2 C.NO2 D.N2O5 Bi 2. HNO3 khng th hin tnh oxi ho khi tc dng vi cht no sau y? A.Fe B.Fe(H)2 C.Fe(OH)3 D.c B v C Bi 3.Hin tng quan st c khi cho Cu vo dd HNO3 c l: A.Dung dch khng i mu,c kh mu nu thot ra. B. dung dch chuyn sang mu nu , c kh mu xanh thot ra. C.dung dch chuyn sang mu xanh v c kh mu nu thot ra. D.dung dch chuyn sang mu xanh v c kh khng mu thot ra. Bi 4.Phn ng gia FeCO3 v dd HNO3 long to ra hn hp kh khng mu c mt phn ho nu trong khng kh.Hn hp gm : A.CO2 v NO2 B.CO v NO C.CO2 v N2 D.CO2 v NO Bi 5.Phn ng gia FeCO3 v dd HNO3 long to ra hn hp kh c M = 30 .Hn hp kh gm: A.CO2 v NO B.CO2 v NO2 C.CO2 v N2 D.A,C ng. Bi 6.Khi cho FeCO3 tc dng vi HNO3 c nng c sn phm l: A.Fe(NO3)3 ,CO2,NO2,H2O. B.Fe(NO3)3,CO2,H2O. C. Fe(NO3)3 ,CO2,NO,H2O. D. p n khc. Bi 7. Khi cho FeS tc dng vi HNO3 c ().Sn phm ca phn ng l: A.Fe(NO3)3,SO2 ,H2O B.Fe(NO3)3,NO2,H2SO4,H2O C.Fe2(SO4)3,Fe(NO3)3,NO2,H2O. D.Khng xc nh c. Bi 8.Cho FeS tc dng vi HNO3 thy to ra kh khng mu nh hn khng kh.Sn phm ca phn ng l: A. Fe(NO3)3, N2, H2SO4,H2O. B. Fe(NO3)3, Fe2(SO4)3, N2,H2O C. Fe(NO3)3, N2, SO2 ,H2O D.A v B ng. Bi 9.Sn phm phn ng khi cho FeS2 tc dng vi HNO3 long c th l: A. Fe(NO3)3, H2SO4, N2O,H2O. B. Fe(NO3)3, H2SO4, NO,H2O. C.Fe(NO3)3, H2SO4, NO,H2O. D.Tt c u ng. Bi 10.Cho phn ng: CuS+ HNO3 + FeS2 CuSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 +NO + a.Sn phm cn thiu l: A.H2O B.H2SO4,H2O C.H2SO4 D.Tt c u ng. b.Nu dng 0,1 mol CuS th s mol FeS2 cn l: A.0,05 mol B.0,15 mol C.0,2 mol D. p n khc. Bi 11.Cho dung dch HNO3 long vo mui Fe(NO3)2 quan st thy c hin tng : A.khng c hin tng g. B.c kh khng mu thot ra. C. dd chuyn sang mu nu v c kh thot ra. D.tt c u sai. Bi 12. Cho Cu tc dng vi dd HNO3 thu c hn hp kh khng mu c t khi so vi hir l 18.Hn hp kh gm: Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 131
A.NO;NO2 B.N2;N2O C.NO;N2O D.B,C ng. Bi 13. Cho Zn t/d vi dd HNO3 long thu c 2 kh khng mu c t khi so vi hir l 18 v 2 kh c s mol bng nhau .Hai kh l: A.N2O;N2 B.N2O;NO C.A,B ng D. p n khc. Bi 14. Cho Al tc dng vi dd HNO3 long d .Ly sn phm cho tc dng vi dd NaOH thy c kh thot ra ,kh l: A.NO B.H2 C.NH3 D.khng xc nh c. Bi 15. Cho hn hp gm Fe,Cu t/d vi dd HNO3 c ngui .Sau phn ng ly phn dd cho tc dng vi NaOH c kt ta. Lc kt ta nung ti khi lng khng i c oxit .Cng thc oxit l: A.Fe2O3 B.Fe2O3;CuO C.CuO D.Tt c u ng. Bi 16. Cho S t/d vi dd HNO3 c nng .Ly dd sau phn ng t/d vi BaCl2 d thy c hin tng : A.khng c hin tng g B.c si bt kh thot ra. C.c kt ta mu trng. D.tt c u sai. Bi 17. Ho tan hon ton hn hp FeS ,FeCO3 bng dd HNO3 c,nng c hn hp kh A (gm 2 cht) c t khi so vi hir l 22,8.Hn hp kh A gm: A.NO;CO2 B.CO2;NO2 C.CO2;SO2 D.B,C ng . Bi 18. Cho Fe tc dng vi dd HNO3 c dd A .S lng mui c th c trong A l : A.1 mui duy nht. B.2mui C.3 mui D.tt c ng. -------------------------------------------------------Ht -----------------------------------------------------Bi tpchuyn : p dng nh lut bo ton electron gii cc bi ton axit nitric Bi1.Ho tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe,Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3,thu c V lit ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dd Y (ch cha 2 mui v axit d).T khi ca X vi i vi H2 bng 19.Gi tr ca V l: A.3,36 B.2,24 C.4,48 D.5,6 (trch TSH-C-2007-khi A) Bi 2.Nung mg bt st trong oxi ,thu c 3g hn hp rn X.Ho tan ht hn hp X trong dd HNO3 d, thot ra 0,56lit ( ktc) NO (l sn phm duy nht).Gi tr ca m l: A.2,22 B.2,26 C.2,52 D.2,32 Bi 3.Cho mg nhm tan hon ton trong dd HNO3 th thy thot ra 11,2 lit (ktc) hn hp kh A gm 3 kh N2,NO,N2O c t l mol tng ng l 2:1:2. Gi tr m l bao nhiu? A.2,7 B.16,8 c.3,51 D.35,1 Bi 4.Ho tan a gam hn hp X gm Mg v Al vo HNO3 c ngui ,d th thu c 0,336 lit NO2 ( 00C,2atm).Cng a g hn hp X ni trn khi ho tan trong HNO3 long d ,th thu c 0,168 lit NO ( 00C,4atm).Khi lng hai kim loi Al v Mg trong a gam hn hp X ln lt l bao nhiu? A.4,05g v 4,8g B.5,4g v 3,6g C.0,54g v 0,36g D.kt qu khc. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 132
Bi 5. Ho tan ht 12 gam mt kim loi cha r ho tr trong dd HNO3 thu c 2,24 lit (ktc) mt kh duy nht c c tnh khng mu ,khng mi ,khng chy.Kim loi dng l: A.Cu B.Pb C.Ni D.Mg Bi 6.Mt oxit nit (X) cha 30,43% N v khi lng .T khi ca X so vi khng kh l 1,5862.Cn bao nhiu gam dd HNO3 40% tc dng vi Cu iu ch 1 lit kh X ( 1340C,1atm),gi s phn ng ch gii phng duy nht kh X? A.13,4g B.9,45g C.12,3g D.kt qu khc. Bi 7. Ho tan hon ton a gam Cu trong dd HNO3 long th thu c 1,12 lit hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) , c t khi hi i vi hiro l 16,6.Gi tr ca a l: A.2,38 B.2,08 C.3,9 D.4,16 Bi 8.Ho tan hon ton 16,2 gam mt kim loi cha r ho tr bng dd HNO3 c 5,6 lit (ktc)hn hp A nng 7,2 gam gm NO v N2.Kim loi cho l: A.Fe B.Zn C.Al D.Cu Bi 9.Cho hp kim A gm Fe v Cu.Ho tan ht trong 6g A bng dd HNO3 c nng ,th thy thot ra 5,6 lit kh mu nu duy nht (ktc).Phn trm khi lng Cu trong mu hp kim l bao nhiu? A.53,33 B.46,66% C.70% D.90%. Bi 10.Ho tan hon ton 12,8 gam Cu trong dd HNO3 thy c thot ra V lit hn hp kh A gm NO v NO2 ktc .Bit t khi ca A i vi hir l 19.Ta c V bng: A.4,48lit B.2,24lit C.0,448lit D.3,36 lit Bi 11.Ho tan ht 7,44g hn hp Al v Mg trong th tch va l 500ml dd HNO3 long thu c dd A v 3,136 lit ( ktc)hn hp hai kh ng mol c khi lng 5,18g,trong c mt kh b ho nu trong khng kh .Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi Mg v Al trong hn hp ln lt l: A.81,8%;18,2% B.27,42%;72,58% C.18,8%;81,2% D.28,2%;71,8%. Bi 12.Nung x gam Fe trong khng kh ,thu c 104,8gam hn hp rn A gm :Fe,FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4.Ho tan A trong dd HNO3 d thu c dd B v 12,096 lit hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi i vi He l 10,167.Khi lng x l bao nhiu gam? A.74,8g B.87,4g C.47,8g D.78,4g Bi 13. Nung x mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 16,08g hn hp A gm 4 cht rn , l Fe v 3 oxit ca n .Ho tan ht lng hn hp A trn bng dd HNO3 long thu c 972 ml kh NO duy nht (ktc).Tr s ca X l bao nhiu? A.0,15 B.0,21 C.0,24 D.0,22 Bi 14.Mt hn hp X gm Al v Fe c khi lng 8,3 gam.Cho X vo 1 lit dd A cha AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2M.Sau khi phn ng kt thc c cht rn B (hon ton khng phn ng vi dd HCl) v dd C(hon ton khng c mu xanh ca Cu2+).Khi lng cht rn B v %Al trong hn hp X l nh th no? A.23,6g ;%Al=32,53 B.24,8g ;%Al=31,18 C.25,7g ;%Al=33,14% D.24,6g ; %Al=32,18% Bi 15.Ho tan hon ton 19,2 gam Cu vodd HNO3 long.Tt c kh NO thu c em oxi ho thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc c dng kh O2 chuyn ht thnh HNO3.Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l: A,2,24 lit B.4,48 lit C.3,36 lit D.6,72 lit
Bi tp chuyn : Bi ton v phn ng gia CO 2 (hoc SO2) vi dung dch kim.

Bi 1.Hp th hon ton 2,688 lit kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 2,5 lit dd Ba(OH)2 nng a mol/l thu c 15,76g kt ta.Gi tr ca a l bao nhiu ? a.0,032 b.0,06 c.0,04 d.0,048 Bi 2. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lit kh SO 2 ( ktc) vo dd cha 16g NaOH thu c dd X.Khi lng mui tan thu c trong dd X l bao nhiu? a.20,8g b.18,9g c.23,0g d.25,2g. Bi 3.Sc Vlit CO2 ktc vo 150ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M,sau phn ng thu c 19,7g kt ta.Gi tr ca V l bao nhiu? a.2,24 lit; 4,48lit. b.2,24lit; 3,36lit c.3,36lit; 2,24lit d.22,4lit; 3,36lit. Bi 4.Sc 2,24lit CO2 ktc vo 750ml dd NaOH 0,2M..S mol ca Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 l bao nhiu? a.0,05 v 0,05 b.0,06 v 0,06 c.0,05 v 0,06 d.0,07 v 0,05 Bi 5.Hp th hon ton x lit kh CO2 ktc vo 2 lit dd Ca(OH)2 0,01M th c 1g kt ta.Tnh gi tr ca x? a.0,224lit v 0,672lit b.0,224 lit v 0,336 lit c.0,42 lit v 0,762 lit. d.0,24 lit v 0,762 lit Bi 6.Dn 10 lit hn hp kh gm N2 v CO2 o ktc sc vo 2 lit dd Ca(OH)2 0,02M thu c 1g kt ta.Tnh phn trm theo th tch CO2 trong hn hp kh. s:2,24% v 15,68% Bi 7.Cho 3 l ,mi l u ng 200ml dd NaOH 1M..Th tch kh SO2 c sc vo 3 l ln lt l 5,6lit ; 1,68lit; 3,36 lit ktc.S mol mui to ra mi l l bao nhiu? s: 0,1 mol NaHSO3; 0,05 mol Na2SO3 Bi 8. Nung m g hn hp A gm 2 mui MgCO3 v CaCO3 cho n khi khng cn kh thot ra, thu c 3,52 g cht rn B v kh C. Cho ton b kh C hp th ht bi 2 lit dd Ba(OH) 2 thu c 7,88g kt ta. un nng tip tc dd li thy to thnh thm 3,94 g kt ta.Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.Tnh khi lng m v nng ca dd Ba(OH)2 dng. s: m=7,04g ;CM=0,03M Bi 9.Cho 10,8 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d.Cht kh thu c cho hp th hon ton vo dd Ba(OH)2 d,th thu c 23,64g kt ta .Hai mui cacbonat v % theo khi lng ca chng trong hn hp l bao nhiu? s: 58,33% ;41,67% Bi 10. Nhit phn hon ton 20g mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr II thu c kh B v cht rn A.Ton b kh B cho vo 150 lit dd Ba(OH)2 0,001M thu c 19,7g kt ta .Xc nh khi lng A v cng thc ca mui cacbonat . s: 11,2g ; CaCO3 Bi 11.Hai cc ng axit HCl t trn 2 a cn A v B ,cn trng thi cn bng .Cho ag CaCO 3 vo cc A v bg M2CO3 (M l kim loi kim) vo cc B.Sau khi 2 mui tan hon ton ,cn tr li trng thi cn bng. Xy dng biu thc tnh nguyn t khi ca M theo a v b? 33,6a 16 p s: M= x = 2b 1,12a Bi 12.Cho 112ml kh CO2(ktc) hp th hon ton bi 400ml dd nc vi trong ta thu c 0,1g kt ta .Nng mol/l ca dd nc vi trong l bao nhiu? s: 0,0075M Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 134
Bi 13. Ho tan hon ton 11,2g CaO vo nc ta c dd A .Nu cho kh cacbonic sc qua dd A v sau khi kt thc th nghim thy c 2,5g kt ta .S lit CO2 tham gia phn ng l bao nhiu? s: 0,56 lit; 8,4 lit Bi 14.Ho tan 5,8g hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v FeCO3 trong mt lng dd H2SO4 long d ta thu c dd Y v kh Z.Nh t t dd thuc tm vo dd Y th c hin tng .Khi ht hin tng y th tn ht 160ml dd thuc tm 0,05M.Thu ton b kh Z cho hp th ht vo 100ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,2M th thu c mg kt ta trng .Phn trm khi lng cc cht trong hn hp X v khi lng kt ta m l bao nhiu? s: % Fe 3O4= 40; % FeCO3 =60; m=1,97g. Bi 15. Nung m g hn hp a gm 2 mui MgCO3 v CaCO3 cho n khi khng cn kh thot ra ,thu c 3,52g cht rn B v kh C .Cho ton b kh C hp th ht bi 2 lit dd Ba(OH) 2 , thu c 7,88g kt ta . un nng tip dd li thy to thm 3,94g kt ta (bit rng cc phn ng xy ra hon ton).Khi lng m v nng ca dd Ba(OH)2 ln dng l bao nhiu? s:7,04g; 0,03M. Bi 16. t chy hon ton 1,6g lu hunh ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo 200ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,5M thu c mt kt ta.Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c? s:10,85g Bi 17.Dung dch A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)2 0,01M.Sc 2,24 lit kh CO2 vo 400ml dd A ta thu c mt kt ta c khi lng l bao nhiu? s:0,4g.
CHNG III: CACBON - SILIC

I. KIN THC CN NM VNG 1. Nhm Cacbon: - V tr: nhm IVA; thnh phn: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb ; CHE: ns2np2 - Cc tnh cht bin i c quy lut ca n cht v hp cht: C-----> Pb. 2. n cht.
Cacbon (C) CHE Tnh cht 1s22s22p2 Tnh kh - Tnh oxi ha
Silic (Si) 1s22s22p63s23p2 - Tnh kh - Tnh oxi ha
iu ch 3. Hp cht. Tn Cacbon ioxit CTHH CO2
T cc cht c trong t nhin
PTN: SiO2 + Mg CN: SiO2 + CaC2
Tnh cht Kh, nng hn KK. L mt oxit axit Tnh oxi ha yu Kh, bn, c L mt oxit khng to mui. L cht kh mnh Km bn Phn li 2 nc To c 2 loi mui (cacbonat v hirocacbonat D tan Tc dng vi axit, baz Nhit phn Khng tan trong nc Tan chm trong dung dch kim Tan trong dd HF
iu ch - PTN: CaCO3 + HCl - CN: nhit phn CaCO3 C + O2 PTN: HCOOH/ H2SO4 c. CN: C + H2O C+ CO2 CO2 + H2O
Cacbon monoxit
CO
Axit cacbonic
H2CO2
Mui cacbonat
CO32-
Silic ioxit
SiO2
C trong t nhin ( ct, thch anh...)
Axit Silixic Mui Silicat
H2SiO3 L axit rt yu (< H2CO3) SiO32Ch c mui ca kim loi kim tan c.
4. Cng nghip silicat. Khi nim, thnh phn, phng php sn xut thy tinh, gm, xi mng.
II. BI TP VN DNG
Dng 1: Phng trnh phn ng - gii thch. Bi 1. Vit phng trnh theo chuyn ha sau: a. CO2 C CO CO2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 CO2 b. CO2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 CO2 C CO CO2 Bi 2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho C tc dng vi: Ca, Al, Al2O3, CaO. Bi 3. Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn ca dung dch NaHCO 3 vi tng dung dch H2SO4 long, KOH, Ba(OH)2 d. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 138
Bi 4: Vit cc phn ng ha hc c th xy ra khi cho CO2 i qua dung dch NaOH. Bi 5. Trnh by hin tng xy ra khi sc kh CO2 qua ndung dch Ca(OH)2. Gii thch. Bi 6. Hon thnh cc phn ng sau: a. Silic ioxit natri silicat axit silisic silic ioxit silic b. Ct thch anh Na2SiO3 H2SiO3 SiO2 c. Si Mg2Si SiH4 SiO2 Si Bi 7. T silic ioxit v cc cht cn thit vit phng trnh ho hc iu ch axit silixic Bi 8. Vit phng trnh ha hc cu phn ng m t thy tinh b axit HF n mn. Bit rng thnh phn ch yu ca thy tinh l Na2SiO3( Na2O.SiO2) v CaSiO3(CaO.SiO2) Bi 9. Cho cc axit sau H2CO3(1), H2SiO3 v HCl, sp xp cc axit theo chiu tng dn tnh axit , vit PTP chng minh. Dng 2: Nhn bit. Bi 1: Bng phong php ha hc hy phn bit: a. Cc kh SO2, CO2, NH3 v N2 b. Cc kh CO2, SO2, N2, O2 v H2 c. Cc kh CO, CO2, SO2 v SO3 (kh) d. Cc kh Cl2, NH3, CO, CO2 Bi 2: Nhn bit cc l mt nhn cha cc cht sau: a. Cht rn BaSO4, BaCO3, NaCl, Na2CO3 (Ch dng thm HCl long) b. Cht rn NaCl, Na2SO4, BaCO3,Na2CO3 (ch dng thm CO2 v nc) c. Cc dung dch NaOH, NH4Cl, Na2SO4, , Na2CO3. d. Bn cht lng: H2O, HCl, Na2CO3, NaCl (khng dng thm ha cht no khc) Bi 3. a. Phn bit mui Na2CO3 v Na2SO3? b. Phn bit SiO2, Al2O3 v Fe2O3 Bi 4. C mt hn hp kh gm cacbon monooxit, hiro clorua v lu hunh ioxit. Bng phng php ha hc hy chng minh s c mt ca cc kh trn trong hn hp. Dng 4: Bi tp v mui cacbonat. C 2 dng thng gp: phn ng nhit phn v phn ng trao i (vi axit---> kh; vi mui ---> kt ta) Bi 1: Cho 24,4 gam hn hp Na2CO3, K2CO3 tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2. Sau phn ng thu c 39,4 gam kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c m gam mui clorua. Tnh m Hng dn: n BaCl2 = nBaCO3 = 0,2 mol p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: mhh +mBaCl2 = mkt ta + m m = 24,4 + 0,2.208 -39,4 = 26,6 gam. Bi 2: Ha tan 14 gam hn hp 2 mui MCO3 v N2CO3 bng dung dch HCl d, thu c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch A th thu c m gam mui khan. Tnh m. Hng dn: p dng phng php tng gim khi lng. C 1 mol CO2 sinh ra th khi lng mui clorua tng ln so vi mui cacbonat l 11 gam Theo nCO2 = 0,672/22,4 = 0,03 mol Vy khi lng mui clorua: m = mcacbonat + 0,03.11 = 14,33 gam Bi 3: Khi nung 30 gam hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 th khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng ch bng mt na khi lng ban u. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng cc cht ban u. Hng dn: Gi x l s mol ca CaCO3; y l s mol ca MgCO3. PTP: CaCO3 ----> CaO + CO2 x x x Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 139
MgCO3 ----> MgO + CO2 y y y Theo bi ta c phng trnh: 56x + 40y = (100x + 84y)/2 Hay x/y = 1/3 100 x 100 x 100% = 100% = 28,41% Vy % CaCO3 = 100 x + 84 y 100 x + 252 x %Mg = 71,59% Bi 4: em nhit phn hon tan 15 gam mui cacbonat ca mt kim loi ha tr II. Dn ht kh sinh ra vo 200 gam dung dch NaOH 4% (va ) th thu c dung dch mi c nng cc cht tan l 6,63%. Xc nh cng thc mui em nhit phn. p n: CaCO3 Bi 5. Khi nung mt lng hirocacbonat ca kim loi ha tr 2 v ngui, thu c 17,92 lt(ktc) kh v 31,8g b rn. Xc nh tn v khi lng mui hirocacbonat trn. p Bi 6. Khi nhit phn 0,5kg vi cha 92% CaCO3 thu c bao nhiu ml kh CO2(ktc). cn dng ti thiu bao nhiu lm dung dch NaOH 20%(d=1,22g/ml) hp th ht lng kh CO2 . Bi 7. C hn hp 3 mui NH4HCO3, NaHCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2. Khi nung 48,8 gam hn hp n khi lng khng i thu c 16,2 b rn. Ch ha b rn vi dung dch axt HCl thu c 2,24 lt(ktc) kh. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm ca hn hp mui. Bi 8. Cho 3,8 gam hn hp Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 tc dng vi dd HCl sinh ra 896 ml kh. Hi dng bao nhiu ml dung dch axit HCl 20%( d=1,1). Xc nh thnh phn phn trm ca hn hp mui. Dng 5: Bi tp v tnh kh ca CO; C. Lu : CO ch kh c cc oxit ca kim loi ng sau Al trong dy hot ng ha hc. Phng php: bo tan electron, bo ton nguyn t, bo tan khi lng gii nhanh. Bi 1. Dn kh CO d qua ng ng bt mt oxit st (FexOy) nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng kt thcthu c 0,84 gam st v dn kh sinh ra vo nc vi trong d th thu c 2 gam kt ta. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca FexOy. Hng dn: nCaCO3 = 2/100 = 0,02 mol; nFe = 0,84/56 = 0,015 mol Phn ng : FexOy + yCO ----> xFe + yCO2 0,02x/y 0,02 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ------> CaCO3 + H2O 0,02 0,02 Ta cso nFe = 0,02x/y = 0,015 ==> 0,015/0,02 = Vy CTPT ca oxit l Fe2O3 Bi 2. Kh 16 gam hn hp cc oxit kim loi : FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CuO v PbO bng kh CO nhit cao, khi lng cht rn thu c l 11,2 gam. Tnh th tch kh CO tham gia phn ng (ktc). Hng dn: p dung LBT khi lng nCO2 = nCO = x mol moxit + mCO = mcht rn +mCO2 28x 44x = 11,2 16==> x = 0,3. Vy VCO = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 lit Bi 3. Dn kh CO qua ng s cha 15,2 gam hn hp CuO, FeO nung nng thu c 13,6 gam cht rn (A) v hn hp kh(B). Sc ht kh B vo dung dich nc vi trong d thu c a gam kt ta C. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 140
Xc nh A, B, C. Tnh a p n: a = 10 gam Bi 4. t chy hon ton 68g hn hp kh H 2 v CO cn dng 89,6 ltkh O2(ktc). Xc nh phn trm v th tch v khi lng ca hn hp kh trn. Bi 5. Khi t chy ht 3,6g C trong bnh kn cha 4,48 lt kh O 2(ktc) sinh ra 1 hn hp gm hai kh. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm ca hn hp kh . Bi 6. Cho 5,6 lt (ktc) kh CO2 i qua than t nng ri cho sn phm thu c i qua ng t nng ng 72g oxit ca mt kim loi ha tr 2. Hi mun ho tan sn phm rn thu c trong ng sau khi phn ng cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO 3 32%( d= 1,2), bit rng oxit ca kim loi cha 20% kh oxi? Bi 7. Cho kh thu c khi kh 16g Fe2O3 bng CO i qua 99,12 ml dung dch KOH 15%( d= 1,13). Tnh lng kh CO kh st v lng mui to thnh trong dung dch. Bi 8. Khi cho 22,4 lt(ktc) hn hp hai kh CO v CO2 i qua than nng ( khng c mt khng kh) th tch ca hn hp kh tng ln 5,6 lt (ktc). Khi cho hn hp kh sn phm ny qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 20,25g Ca(HCO3)2. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm v hn hp kh ban u. Dng 3: Bi tp v phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch kim. k Kiu bi: - Cho kh CO2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, Ca(OH) 2.....Cho lng baz tham gia phn ng hoc lng mui thu c. Yu cu: Xc nh sn phm thu c (mui axit hay trung ho) lng cht thu c l bao nhiu? lng kt ta thu c hoc nng ca dung dch sau phn ng Phng php chung: - Tnh nCO2 /nNaOH,nCO2/ nCa(OH)2 xc nh kh nng cc phn ng xy ra, sn phm? 1/2 1
nCO /nNaOH
2
Mui trung ho 1
Hn hp 2
Mui axit
nCO /(nCa(OH)
2
Mui trung ho
Hn hp
Mui
axit - Vit cc phn ng c th xy ra: - Lin h vi bi lp cc phng trnh ton hc ---> Tm cc i lng theo yu cu. Bi 1. Dn kh CO2 c iu ch bng cch cho 100gam CaCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, i qua dung dch c cha 60 gam NaOH. Hy cho bit lng mui natri iu ch c. Hng dn: PTP: CaCO3 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O nCO2 = nCaCO3= 100/100 = 1mol nNaOH = 60/40 = 1,5 mol nCO2 /nNaOH = 1/1,5 < 1/2 Vy sn phm ch 2 mui PTP: CO2 + 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 141
CO2 + NaOH = NaHCO3 Gi s mol CO2 trong p 1 l x Gi s mol CO2 trong p 2l y Ta c HPT : x + y = 1 x= 0,5 2x + y = 1,5 y = 0,5 Khi lng mui thu c l: m = 0,5.106 + 0,5.84 = 42 gam. Gi s mol CO2 trong p 1 l x Gi s mol CO2 trong p 2l x Bi 2. Cho 2,464 lt kh CO2 (ktc) i qua dung dch NaOH sinh ra 11,44 gam hn hp 2 mui l Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 . Hy xc nh s gam ca mi mui trong hn hp. Hng dn: PTP: CO2 + 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O CO2 + NaOH = NaHCO3 Gi s mol CO2 trong p 1 l x Gi s mol CO2 trong p 2l x Ta c h phng trnh: x + y = 2,464/22,4 = 0,11 106x + 84y = 11,44 Gii HPT ta c x = 0,1 y= 0,01 Khi lng ca Na2CO3l 0,1.106 = 10,6 gam Khi lng ca NaHCO3 l 0,01.84 = 0,84 gam Bi 3. Cho 6 lt hn hp kh CO2 v N2 (ktc) i qua dung dch KOH , to ra c 2,07 gam K2CO3 v 6 gam KHCO3. Hy xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo th tch kh CO2 trong hn hp. Hng dn: Tng t v d 2 p n: %VCO2 = 28% Bi 4. Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm c N2, v CO2 i qua 2 lit dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M, thu c 1 gam kt ta. Hy xc nh % theo th tch CO2 trong hn hp. Hng dn: Trng hp 1: s mol CO2tham gia phn ng t hn s mol Ca(OH)2: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + H2O nCO2 = nCaCO3 =1/100 = 0,01 mol VCO2 = 0,01.22,4 = 0,224 lt %VCO2 = 0,224.100 = 2,24% 10.100
Trng hp 2: S mol CO2 nhiu hn s mol Ca(OH)3 PTP: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + H2O 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 = Ca(HCO3)2 Gi s mol Ca(OH)2tham gia p 1 l: x Gi s mol Ca(OH)2tham gia p 2 l: y Ta c HPT x + y = 2.0,02 = 0,04 Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 142
x = 1/100 = 0,01 mol Vy y = 0,03 mol. Tng s mol CO 2 tham gia c 2 phn ng l: x +2y = 0,07 mol VCO2= 0,07.22,4 = 1,568 lt 1,568.100 %VCO2 = = 15,68% 22,4.100 Bi 5. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2(ktc) vo 500ml dung dch NaOH thu c 17,9 gam mui. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH. Bi 6. Ha tan ht 2,8g CaO vo nc c dung dch A. Cho 1,68 lt kh CO 2(ktc) vo dung dch A. Hi c bao nhiu mui c to thnh v khi lng l bao nhiu. Bi 7. Xc nh phn trm v th tch ca hn hp kh gm N 2, CO v CO2 bit rng khi cho 10 lt(ktc) hn hp kh i qua mt lng nc vi trong, ri qua ng (II) oxit un nng, th thu c 10g kt ta v 6,35g ng. Nu cng ly 10l(ktc) hn hp i qua ng ng ng (II) oxit t nng, ri i qua mt lng nc vi trong d, th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta. Dng 6: Silic v hp cht ca Silic Bi 1. Mt loi thy tinh chu lc c thanhphn theo khi lng ca cc oxit nh sau: 13% Na2O; 11,7%CaO v 75,3% SiO2. Thnh phn ca loi thy tinh ny c biu din di dng cng thc no? Hng dn: Xt 100 gam thy tinh c: 13 gam Na2O; 11,7gam CaO v 75,3 gam SiO2 Gi cng thc tng qut ca thy tinh l xNa2O.yCaO.zSiO2 13 11,7 75,3 Lp t l: x:y:z = : : =1:1:6 62 56 60 Vy cng thc ca thy tinh l Na2O.CaO.6SiO2 Bi 2. Thnh phn chnh ca mt loi cao lanh (t st) cha Al2O3, SiO2 v H2O vi t l khi lng 0,3953: 0,4651: 0,1395. Xc inh cng thc ha hc ng ca loi cao lanh ny. p n: Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O Bi 3. sn xut 100 Kg loi thy tinh c cng thc Na2O.CaO.6SiO2 cn phi dng bao nhiu Kg natri cacbonat, vi hiu sut l 100%. Bi 4. Khi cho 14,9 gam hn hp Si, Zn v Fe tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c 6,72lt kh(ktc). Cng lng hn hp khi tc dng vi d dung dch HCl sinh ra 4,48 lt kh(ktc). Xc nh thnh phn ca hn hp trn. Bit Zn tan theo phn ng: Zn + NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2 III. BI TP TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN THAM KHO Cu 1. Kim cng v than ch l cc dng th hnh ca nguyn t cacbon. Kim cng cng nht trong t nhin, trong khi than ch mm n mc c th dng sn xut li bt ch 6B, dng k mt. iu gii thch no sau y l ng? A. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th dng t din u, than ch c cu trc lp, trong khong cch gia cc lp kh ln. B. Kim cng c lin kt cng ho tr bn, than ch th khng. C. t chy kim cng hay than ch nhit cao u to thnh kh cacboniC. D. Mt nguyn nhn khc. Cu 2. Khi xt v kh cacbon ioxit, iu khng nh no sau y l sai? A. Cht kh khng mu, khng mi, nng hn khng kh. B. Cht kh ch yu gy ra hiu ng nh knh. C. Cht kh khng c, nhng khng duy tr s sng. D. Cht kh dng cha chy, nht l cc m chy kim loi. Cu 3. Trong cc phn ng ho hc sau, phn ng no sai? Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 143

t A. 3CO + Fe2O3 3CO2 + 2Fe B. CO + Cl2 COCl2 o o t t C. 3CO + Al2O3 2Al + 3CO2 D. 2CO + O2 2CO2 Cu 4. Cng thc phn t CaCO3 tng ng vi thnh phn ho hc chnh ca loi no sau y: A. . B. vi. C. mi. D. t ong. Cu 5. Cht no sau y khng phi l nguyn liu ca cng nghip sn xut xi mng ? A. t st. B. vi. C. Ct. D. Thch cao. Cu 6. Cng nghip silicat l ngnh cng nghip ch bin cc hp cht ca silic. Ngnh sn xut no sau y khng thuc v cng nghip silicat? A. Sn xut gm (gch, ngi, snh, s). B. Sn xut xi mng. C. Sn xut thu tinh. D. Sn xut thu tinh hu c. Cu 7. Boxit nhm c thnh phn ch yu l Al2O3 ln cc tp cht l SiO2 v Fe2O3. lm sch Al2O3 trong cng nghip c th s dng cc ho cht no sau y: A. Dung dch NaOH c v kh CO2. B. Dung dch NaOH c v axit HCl. C. Dung dch NaOH c v axit H2SO4 D. Dung dch NaOH c v axit CH3COOH. Cu 8. Trong cc phn ng ho hc sau, phn ng no sai? A. SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + 2H2O B. SiO2 + 4HCl SiCl4 + 2H2O to to C. SiO2 + 2C Si + 2CO D. SiO2 + 2Mg 2MgO + Si Cu 9. Natri silicat c th c to thnh bng cch no sau y: A. un SiO2 vi NaOH nng chy B. Cho SiO2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH long C. Cho K2SiO3 tc dng vi NaHCO3 D. Cho Si tc dng vi dung dch NaCl Cu 10. Silic phn ng vi dy cht no sau y: A. CuSO4, SiO2 H2SO4 (l) B. F2, Mg, NaOH C. HCl, Fe(NO3)2, CH3COOH D. Na2SiO3, Na3PO4, NaCl Cu 11. Tnh oxi ha ca cacbon th hin phn ng no? A. C + O2 CO2 B. 3C + 4Al Al4C3 C. C + CuO Cu + CO2 D. C + H2O CO + H2 Cu 12. loi kh CO2 c ln trong hn hp CO ta dng phng php no sau y: A. Cho qua dung dch HCl B. Cho qua dung dch H2O C. Cho qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 D. Cho hn hp qua Na2CO3 Cu 13. Cacbon phn ng vi dy no sau y: A. Na2O, NaOH v HCl B. Al, HNO3 v KClO3 C. Ba(OH)2, Na2CO3 v CaCO3 D. NH4Cl, KOH v AgNO3 Cu 14. Kh CO khng kh c cht no sau y: A. CuO B. CaO C. Al2O3 D. c B v C Cu 15. Thi kh CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th mui thu c l: A. Ca(HCO3)2 B. CaCO3 C. C A v B D. Khng xc nh. Cu 16. loi b kh SO2 c ln kh CO2 c th dng ha cht no sau y: A. Dung dch Ca(OH)2 B. CuO C. dd Brom D. Dung dch NaOH Cu 17. tch kh CO2 ra khi hn hp vi HCl v hi nc, c th cho hn hp ln lc qua cc bnh ng: A. NaOH v H2SO4 c B. Na2CO3 v P2O5 C. H2SO4 c v KOH D. NaHCO3 v P2O5 Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 144
o
Cu 18. Cho hn hp gm CuO, MgO, PbO v Al2O3 qua than nung nng thu c hn hp rn A. Cht rn A gm: A. Cu, Al, MgO v Pb B. Pb, Cu, Al v Al C. Cu, Pb, MgO v Al2O3 D. Al, Pb, Mg v CuO Cu 19. C hin tng g xy ra khi nh t t ti d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ba(HCO3)2? A. Khng c hin tng g B. C kt ta trng xut hin khng tan trong NaOH d C. C kt ta trng xut hin trong tan NaOH d D. C si bt kh khng mu thot ra. Cu 20. Thnh phn chnh ca qung lmit l: A. CaCO3.Na2CO3 B. MgCO3.Na2CO3 C. CaCO3.MgCO3 D. FeCO3.Na2CO3 Cu 21. Trong cc phn ng ha hc cacbon th hin tnh g: A. Tnh kh B. Tnh oxi ha C. Va kh va oxi ha D. Khng th hin tnh kh v oxi ha. Cu 22. trong phng th nghim CO2 c iu ch bng cch: A. Nung CaCO3 B. Cho CaCO3 tc dng HCl C. Cho C tc dng O2 D. A, B,C ng Cu 33. Khi cho kh CO i qua hn hp CuO, FeO, Fe 3O4, Al2O3 v MgO, sau phn ng cht rn thu c l: A. Al v Cu B. Cu, Al v Mg C. Cu, Fe, Al2O3 v MgO D. Cu, Fe, Al v MgO Cu 24. S oxi ha cao nht ca Silic th hin hp cht no trong cc cht sau y: A. SiO B. SiO2 C. SiH4 D. Mg2Si Cu 25. khc ch ln thy tinh ngi ta da vo phn ng no sau y: A. SiO2 + Mg 2MgO + Si B. SiO2 + 2MaOH Na2SiO3 + CO2 C. SiO2 + HF SiF4 + 2H2O D. SiO2 + Na2CO3 Na2SiO3 + CO2 Cu 26. Phn ng no dng iu ch silic trong cng nghip. A. SiO2 + 2Mg Si + 2MgO B. SiO2 + 2C Si + 2CO C. SiCl4 + 2Zn 2ZnCl2 + Si D. SiH4 Si + 2H2 Cu 27. Hp th hon ton 2,24 lit CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch nc vi trong c cha 0,075 mol Ca(OH)2. Sn phm thu c sau phn ng gm: A. Ch c CaCO3. B. Ch c Ca(HCO3)2 C. C CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2 D. Khng c c hai cht CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2. Cu 28. Cho 24,4g hn hp Na2CO3, K2CO3 tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2 . Sau phn ng thu c 39,4g kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c m(g) mui clorua. Vy m c gi tr l: A. 2,66g B. 22,6g C. 26,6g D. 6,26g Cu 29. Sc 1,12 lt kh CO2(ktc) va 200ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Khi lng kt ta thu c l: A. 78,8g B. 98,5g C. 5,91g D. 19,7g Cu 32. Cho 455g hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi HCl 1M va to ra 1,12lt CO2(ktc) 1. Hai kim loi trn l: A. Li v Na B. Na v K C. K v Rb D. Rb v Cs 2. Th tch HCl cn dng l: A. 0,05lit B. 0,1lit C. 0,2 lit D. 0,15lit Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 145
Cu 30. Sc 2,24lt CO2(ktc) vo 400ml dung dch A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)2 0,01M thu c kt ta c khi lng l: A. 10g B. 0,4g C. 4g D. 12,6g Cu 31. Cho 115g hn hp ACO3, B2CO3 v R2CO3 tc dng ht HCl d th thu c 0,896 lt CO2(ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng l: A. 120g B. 115,44g C. 110g D. 116,22g Cu 32. T mt tn than cha 92% cacbon c th thu c 1460m 3 kh CO(ktc) theo s sau: 2C + O2 2CO . Hiu sut phn ng l: A. 80% B. 85% C. 70% D. 75% Cu 33. Cho 5,6 lt CO2(ktc) i qua 164ml dd NaOH 20%(d=1,22) thu c dd X. C cn dd X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui: A. 26,5g B. 15,5g C. 46,5g D. 31g Cu 34. Kh hon ton 24g hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 c t l mol l 1:1 cn 8,96 lt CO(ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca CuO v Fe2O3 trong hn hp l: A. 33,33% v 66,67% B. 66,67% v 33,33% C. 40,33% v 59,67% D. 59,67% v 40,33% Cu 35. Cho kh CO kh hon ton hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 thy c 4,48 lt kh CO2(ktc) thot ra. Th tch kh CO(ktc) tham gia phn ng l: A. 1,12lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt
BI TP CHNG I: S IN LI Cu 1: Cng thc ha hc ca cht m khi in li to ra ion Fe3+ v NO3- l A. Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3. C. Fe(NO2)2. D. Fe(NO2)3. Cu 2: Trong mt dd c cha 0,01 mol Ca2+, 0,01 mol Mg2+, 0,03 mol Cl- v x mol NO3-Vy gi tr ca x l A. 0,05 mol. B. 0,04 mol. C. 0,03 mol. D. 0,01 mol. Cu 3: Khi lng cht rn khan c trong dd cha 0,01 mol Na+, 0,02 mol Mg2+, 0,03 mol Cl- v a mol SO42- l A. 2,735 gam. B. 3,695 gam. C. 2,375 gam. D. 3,965 gam. Cu 4: Trng hp no sau y khng dn in c: A. KCl rn, khan. B. Nc sng, h, ao. C. Nc bin. D. dd KCl trong nc. Cu 5: C 4 dd c cng nng mol: NaCl (1), C 2H5OH (2), CH3COOH (3), K2SO4 (4). Dy no sau y c sp xp theo th t tng dn v dn in ca dd ? A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (3), (2), (1), (4). C. (2), (3), (1), (4). D. (2), (1), (3), (4). Cu 6: C mt dd cht in li yu. Khi thay i nhit ca dd (nng khng i) th A. in li v hng s in li u thay i. B. in li v hng s in li u khng i. C. in li thay i v hng s in li khng i. D. in li khng i v hng s in li thay i. Cu 7: C mt dd cht in li yu. Khi thay i nng ca dd (nhit khng i) th A. in li v hng s in li u thay i. B. in li v hng s in li u khng i. C. in li thay i v hng s in li khng i. D. in li khng i v hng s in li thay i. Cu 8: Nh vi git dd HCl vo dd CH3COOH 1M th in li ca CH3COOH s bin i nh th no ? A. tng. B. gim.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c C. khng i. D. lc u tng ri sau gim. Cu 9: Nh vi git dd NaOH vo dd CH3COOH 1M th in li ca CH3COOH s bin i nh th no ? A. tng. B. gim. C. khng i. D. lc u tng ri sau gim. Cu 10: Chn pht biu ng ? A. Cht in li mnh c in li = 1. B. Cht in li yu c in li = 0. C. Cht in li yu c in li 0 < < 1. D. A v C u ng. Cu 11: Trn 50 ml dd NaCl 0,1M vi 150 ml dd CaCl2 0,2M. Vy nng ca ion Cl- trong dd sau khi trn l A. 0,35M. B. 0,175M. C. 0,3M. D. 0,25M. Cu 12: Trong mt cc nc cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl, v d mol HCO3. Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d A. a + b = c + d B. 2a + 2b = c + d C. 40a + 24b = 35,5c + 61d D. 2a + 2b = -c -d Cu 13: Dd X c cha: a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl v d mol NO3,. Biu thc no sau y ng? A. 2a 2b = c + d B. 2a + 2b = c + d C. 2a + 2b = c d D. a + b = 2c + 2d Cu 14: Bao nhiu dd ch cha mt cht c to thnh t cc ion sau: Ba+, Mg2+, SO42, Cl? A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1 Cu 15: C 4 dd, mi dd ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi anion. Cc loi ion trong 4 dd gm: Ba2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, Na+, SO42, Cl, CO32, NO3. l 4 dd g? A. BaCl2, MgSO4, Na2CO3, Pb(NO3)2 B. BaCO3, MgSO4, NaCl, Pb(NO3)2 C. BaCl2, PbSO4, MgCl2, Na2CO3 D. Mg(NO3)2, BaCl2, Na2CO3, PbSO4 Cu 16: Ha tan 50 g tinh th ng sunfat ngm 5 pt nc vo nc c 200ml dd A. Tnh nng mol/l cc ion c trong dd A A. [Cu2+] = [SO42] = 1,5625M B. [Cu2+] = [SO42] = 1M 2+ 2 C. [Cu ] = [SO4 ] = 2M D. [Cu2+] = [SO42] = 3,125M Cu 17: Th tch dd NaCl 1,3M c cha 2,3gam NaCl l: A. 13ml B. 30,2ml C. 3,9ml D. 177ml Cu 18: Ha tan 5,85gam NaCl vo nc c 0,5 lt dd NaCl. Dd ny c nng mol l: A. 1M B. 0,2M C. 0,4M D. 0,5M Cu 19: Tnh th tch dd Ba(OH)2 0,5M c cha s mol ion OH bng s mol ion H+ c trong 200ml dd H2SO4 1M? A. 0,2 lt B. 0,1lt C. 0,4 lt D. 0,8 lt. Cu 20: Ha tan 6g NaOH vo 44g nc c dd A c klng ring bng 1,12g/ml. Cn ly bao nhiu ml A c s mol ion OH bng 2.103 mol A. 0,2ml B. 0,4ml C. 0,6ml D. 0,8ml Cu 21: 2ml dd axit HNO3 63% (d = 1,43) nc thu c 2 lt dd. Tnh nng H+ ca dd thu c A. 14,3M B. 0,0286M C. 0,0143M D. 7,15M Cu 22: Trn ln 400ml dd NaOH 0,5M vo 100ml dd NaOH 20% (D = 1,25g/ml). Tnh nng cc ion trong dd thu c A. [Na+] = [OH] = 6,75M B. [Na+] = [OH] =1,65M + C. [Na ] = [OH ] = 3,375M D. [Na+] = [OH] = 13,5M Cu 23: Trn 2 th tch dd axit H2SO4 0,2M vi 3 th tch dd azit H2SO4 0,5M c dd H2SO4 c nng mol l: A. 0,4M B. 0,25M C. 0,38M D. 0,15M Cu 24:Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion c trong hn hp dd c to t 200ml dd NaCl 1M v 300ml dd CaCl2 0,3M A. [Na+] = 1M, [Ca2+] = 0,3M, [Cl] = 1,6M B. [Na+] = 1M, [Ca2+] = 0,3M, [Cl] = 1,15M C. [Na+] = 0,4M, [Ca2+] = 0,18M, [Cl] = 0,76M
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c + 2+ D. [Na ] = 0,4M, [Ca ] = 0,18M, [Cl] = 0,49M Cu 25: Dd NaOH nng 2M (d = 1,08g/ml) c nng % l: A. 6,5% B. 7,4% C. 8% D. 10,2% Cu 26: Nng mol/l ca dd H2SO4 l 60% (D = 1,503 g/ml) l: A. 6,2 B. 7,2 C. 8,2 D. 9,2 Cu 27: Khi lng dd axit H2SO4 98% v khi lng H2O cn dng pha ch 300gam dd H2SO4 36% tng ng l: A. 98 v 202 gam B. 60 v 240gam C. 110,2 v 189,8 gam D. 92,5 v 207,5gam Cu 28: T dd HCl 40%, c khi lng ring 1,198 g/ml, mun pha thnh dd HCl 2M th phi pha long bao nhiu ln? A. 6,56 ln B. 21,8 ln C. 10 ln D. 12,45 ln Cu 29: Lng SO3 cn thm vo dd H2SO4 10% c 100gam dd H2SO4 20% l: A. 2,5gam B. 8,89gam C. 6,66gam D. 24,5gam Cu 30: un nng 1 lt dd H2SO4 40% (D = 1,3 g/ml) nc bay hi mt phn cho n khi cn 1000 gam dd th ngng un. Nng % ca dd sau phn ng l: A. 42% B. 52% C. 62% D. 73% Cu 31: Nng % ca dd to thnh khi ha tan 39 gam kali kim loi vo 362 gam nc l: A. 15,47% B. 13,97% C. 14% D. 14,04% Cu 32: Theo Ahrenius th kt lun no sau y ng? A. Baz l cht nhn proton B.Axit l cht khi tan trong nc phn ly cho ra cation H+ C. Axit l cht nhng proton D.Baz l hp cht trong thnh phn phn t c mt hay nhiu nhm OHCu 33: Nhng kt lun no ng theo thuyt Arenius: 1. Mt hp cht trong thnh phn phn t c hidr l mt axit 2. Mt hp cht trong thnh phn phn t c nhm OH l mt baz 3. Mt hp cht trong thnh phn phn t c hidr v phn ly ra H+ trong nc l mt axit 4. Mt hp cht trong thnh phn phn t c nhm OH v phn ly ra OH trong nc l mt baz A. 1,2 B. 3,4 C. 1,3 D. 2,4 Cu 34: Theo thuyt Arehinut, cht no sau y l axit? A. NH3 B. KOH C. C2H5OH D. CH3COOH Cu 35: Theo thuyt Areniut th cht no sau y l axit? A. HCl B. NaCl C. LiOH D. KOH Cu 36: Theo thuyt Bronstet, H2O c coi l axit khi n: A. cho mt electron B. nhn mt electron C. cho mt proton D. Nhn mt proton Cu 37: Theo thuyt Bronstet, H2O c coi l baz khi n: A. cho mt electron B. nhn mt electron C. cho mt proton D. Nhn mt proton Cu 38: Theo thuyt Bronstet, cht no sau y ch l axit? A. HCl B. HS C. HCO3 D. NH3. Cu 39: Cht no sau y thuc loi axit theo Bronsted ? A. H2SO4, Na+, CH3COOB. HCl, NH4+, HSO4 + 2C. H2S , H3O , HPO3 D. HNO3, Mg2+, NH3 + Cu 40: C bao nhiu baz trong s cc ion sau: Na , Cl , CO32, HCO3, CH3COO, NH4+, S2? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 41: Cho cc ion v cht c nh s th t nh sau: 1. HCO3 2. K2CO3 3. H2O 4. Cu(OH)2 5. HPO42 6. Al2O3 7. NH4Cl Theo Bronstet, cc cht v ion lng tnh l: A. 1,2,3 B. 4,5,6 C. 1,3,5,6 D. 2,4,6,7 Cu 42: Dy cht v ion no sau y c tnh cht trung tnh? A. Cl, Na+, NH4+, H2O B. ZnO, Al2O3, H2O C. Cl, Na+ D. NH4+, Cl, H2O Cu 43: Phn ng axit baz l phn ng: A. axit tc dng vi baz B. oxit axit tc dng vi baz
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c C. c s nhng, nhn proton D. c s dch chuyn electron t cht ny sang cht khc Cu 44: Xt cc phn ng: (1) Mg + HCl (2) CuCl2 + H2S (3) R + HNO3 R(NO3)3 + NO + + (4) Cu(OH)2 + H (5) CaCO3 + H (6) CuCl2 +OH (7) MnO4 + C6H12O6 + H+ Mn2+ + CO2 (8) FexOy + H+ + SO42 SO2 + (9) FeSO4 + HNO3 (10) SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O (11) Cu(NO3)3 CuO + 2NO2 +
1 O2 2
Cc p no thuc loi p axt baz: A. (4), (5), (6) B. (1), (4), (5), (6), (7) C. (1), (4), (5) D. (4), (5), (6), (7), (8). Cu 45: Trong cc phn ng di y, phn ng no nc ng vai tr l mt base? A. HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl. B. Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2. + C. NH3 + H2O NH4 + OH . D. CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O Cu 46: Trong phn ng ha hc: HPO42 + H2O PO43 + H3O+. Theo thuyt Bronstet th cp cht no sau y l axit? A. HPO42 v PO43 B. HPO42 v H3O+ C. H2O v H3O+. D. H2O v PO43. + Cu 47: Trong phn ng: H2S + NH3 NH4 + HS theo thuyt Bronstet th 2 axit l: A. H2S v HS B. H2S v NH4+ C. NH3 v NH4+ D. NH3 v HS. 2 + Cu 48: Cho bit phng trnh ion sau: HCO3 + H2O CO3 + H3O . Theo Bronsted th cp cht no sau y u l axit? A. HCO3 v CO32 B. HCO3 v H3O+ C. H2O v H3O+ D. CO32 v H2O Cu 49: C phng trnh ha hc: NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH. Theo thuyt Bronstet, cc cht tham gia phn ng c vai tr nh th no? A. NH3 l axit, H2O l baz B. NH3 l axit, H2O l cht lng tnh C. NH3 l baz, H2O l axit D. NH3 l baz, H2O l cht lng tnh Cu 50: Trong phn ng ha hc: 2HCO3 H2CO3 + CO32. Theo thuyt Bronstet, ion hidrocacbonat HCO3 c vai tr l: A. mt axit B. mt baz C. mt axit v mt baz D. khng l axit, khng l baz Cu 51: Trong cc phn ng di y, phn ng no nc ng vai tr l mt axit? A. HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl. B. Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2. NH4+ + OH. C. NH3 + H2O D. CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O Cu 52: Dd H2SO4 0,10M c A. pH = 1 B. pH < 1 C. pH > 1 D. [H+] > 2,0M Cu 53: Phn ng no sau y l phn ng trao i ion trong dd c th dng iu ch HF? A. CaF2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + 2HF B. H2 + F2 2HF NaF + HF C. NaHF2 D. CaF2 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + HF Cu 54: Ho tan 6,72 lt kh HCl (ktc) vo nc c 30l dd HCl. pH ca dd HCl thu c l A. 0,3 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1 Cu 55: S ml dd NaOH c pH = 12 cn trung ho 10ml dd HCl c pH = 1 l A. 12ml B. 10ml C. 100ml D. 1ml. Cu 56: Cho 250ml dd Ba(NO3)2 0,5M vo 100ml dd Na2SO4 0,75M. Khi lng kt ta thu c l A. 29,125gam B. 11,65gam C. 17,475 gam D. 8,738gam Cu 57: Cht khi tan trong nc to thnh dd dn in l A. NaCl B. Saccaroz. C. C2H5OH D. C3H5(OH)3 Cu 58: Dy gm nhng cht in li mnh l A. KOH, HCN, Ca(NO3)2. B. CH3COONa, HCl, NaOH. C. NaCl, H2S, CH3COONa. D. H2SO4, Na2SO4, H3PO4
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 59: Dy gm cc cht in ly yu l A. CH3COONa, HBr, HCN. B. HClO, NaCl, CH3COONa. C. HBrO, HCN, Mg(OH)2. D. H2S, HClO4, HCN. Cu 60: Dd CH3COOH 0,1M c A. pH > 1 B. pH < 1 C. pH = 1 D. pH = 7. Cu 61: Pht biu khng ng l A. Cht khng in ly l nhng cht khi tan trong nc to thnh dd khng dn in c. B. S in ly l qu trnh phn ly cc cht trong nc ra ion. C. Nhng cht tan trong nc phn ly ra ion c gi l nhng cht in ly. D. Axit, baz, mui l nhng cht in ly. Cu 62: Trn 100ml dd Ba(NO3)2 0,05M vo 100ml dd HNO3 0,1M. Nng ion NO3- trong dd thu c l A. 0,2M B. 0,1M C. 0,15M D. 0,05M Cu 63: Cho cc phn ng : (1): Zn(OH)2 + HCl ZnCl2 + H2O; (2): Zn(OH)2 ZnO + H2O; (3): Zn(OH)2 + NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2O; (4): ZnCl2 + NaOH ZnCl2 + H2O. Phn ng chng t Zn(OH)2 c tnh lng tnh l A. (1) v (3). B. (2) v (4) C. (1) v (4). D. (2) v (3) Cu 64: Dy gm nhng cht hiroxit lng tnh l A. Ca(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Zn(OH)2 B. Ba(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Sn(OH)2 C. Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Sn(OH)2 D. Fe(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, Zn(OH)2 Cu 65: Cho cc dd axit: CH3COOH, HCl, H2SO4 u c nng l 0,1M. dn in ca cc dd c sp xp theo th t tng dn l A. CH3COOH; HCl; H2SO4 B. CH3COOH, H2SO4, HCl. C. HCl, CH3COOH, H2SO4. D. H2SO4, CH3COOH, HCl. Cu 66: Dd CH3COOH 0,1M c pH = a v dd HCl 0,1M c pH = b. Pht biu ng l A. a < b =1. B. a > b = 1. C. a = b = 1. D. a = b > 1. Cu 67: Cho cc cht: NaHCO3, NaCl, NaHSO4, Na2HPO3, Na2HPO4, Na2CO3, CH3COONa. S mui axit l A. 5 B. 3 C. 4 D. 2 Cu 68: Theo phng trnh ion thu gn, ion OH- c th phn ng vi cc ion A. Fe3+, HSO4-, Cu2+. B. Zn2+, Na+, Mg2+. C. H2PO4-, K+, SO42-. D. Fe2+, Cl-, Al3+. Cu 69: Khng th c dd cha ng thi cc ion A. Ba2+, OH-, Na+, SO42-. B. K+, Cl-, OH-, Ca2+. + + C. Ag , NO3 , Cl , H D. A v C ng. Cu 70: Cc dd sau y c cng nng 0,1M. Dd dn in km nht l A. HF B. HI C. HCl D. HBr Cu 71: Pht biu khng ng l A. Mi trng kim c pH < 7. B. Mi trng kim c pH > 7. C. Mi trng trung tnh c pH = 7. D. Mi trng axit c pH < 7. Cu 72: Ion H+ khi tc dng vi ion no di y s c kh bay ra ? A. CH3COOB. CO32-. C. SO42D. OHCu 73: Ion OH khi tc dng vi ion no di y s cho kt ta? A. Ba2+ B. Cu2+ C. K+ D. Na+ Cu 74: Cho cc dd: HCl, Na2SO4, KOH, NaHCO3. S cht tc dng c vi dd Ba(OH)2 l A. 2 B. 1 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 75: Cho cc cht : HCl, NaNO3, CuSO4, KOH. S cht tc dng c vi dd Na2S l A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4 Cu 76: Phn ng to kt ta PbSO4 no sau y khng phi l phn ng trao i ion trong dd? A. Pb(CH3COO)2 + H2SO4 PbSO4 + CH3COOH. B. Pb(OH)2 + H2SO4 PbSO4 + H2O C. PbS + H2O2 PbSO4 + H2O D. Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 PbSO4 + NaNO3
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 77: Trong cc cu pht biu sau, pht biu no l sai? A.Cht in li l cht khi tan trong nc to thnh dd dn in. B.Cht in li l cht khi nng chy to thnh cht dn in. C.S in li l qu trnh phn li ca cc cht in li thnh ion. D.S in li l qu trnh dn in ca cc cht in li. Cu 78: Dd no di y c kh nng dn in? A. Dd ng. B. Dd mui n. C. Dd ancol. D. Dd benzen trong ancol. Cu 79: Dy no di y ch gm cht in li mnh? A. HBr, Na2S, Mg(OH)2, Na2CO3. B. HNO3, H2SO4, KOH, K2SiO3. C. H2SO4, NaOH, Ag3PO4, HF. D. Ca(OH)2, KOH, CH3COOH, NaCl. 2+ Cu 80: Phng trnh: S + 2H H2S l phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng A. FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S. B. 2NaHSO4 + 2Na2S 2Na2SO4 + H2S. C. 2HCl + K2S 2KCl + H2S. D. BaS + H2SO4 BaSO4 + H2S. Cu 81: Cho cc cp cht sau: (I) Na2CO3 v BaCl2; (II) (NH4)2CO3 v Ba(NO3)2; (III) Ba(HCO3)2 v K2CO3; (IV) BaCl2 v MgCO3. Nhng cp cht khi phn ng c cng phng trnh ion rt gn l A. (I), (II), (III). B. (I). C. (I), (II). D. (I), (II), (III), (IV). Cu 82: Phn ng ha hc no di y l phn ng trao i ion? A. Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2. B. Zn + CuSO4 Cu + FeSO4. C. H2 + Cl2 2HCl. D. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O. Cu 83: Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng axit-baz? A. HCl + KOH. B. H2SO4 + BaCl2. C. H2SO4 + CaO. D. HNO3 + Cu(OH)2. Cu 84: Trn 200 ml dd H2SO4 0,05M vi 300 ml dd NaOH 0,06M. pH ca dd to thnh l ( Coi H2SO4 in li hon ton c 2 nc ) A. 2,4. B. 1,9. C. 1,6. D. 2,7. Cu 85: Trn 150 ml dd hn hp cha Na2CO3 1M v K2CO3 0,5M vi 250 ml dd HCl 2M th th tch kh CO2 sinh ra ( ktc) l A. 3,36 lt. B. 2,52 lt. C. 5,04 lt. D. 5,60 lt. Cu 86: C 10 ml dd axit HCl c pH = 2,0. Cn thm bao nhiu ml nc ct thu c dd axit c pH = 4,0. A. 90,0 ml. B. 900,0 ml. C. 990,0 ml. D. 1000,0 ml. Cu 87: Phn ng ha hc no di y khng phi l phn ng trao i ion? A. Al + CuSO4. B. Pb(OH)2 + NaOH. C. BaCl2 + H2SO4. D. AgNO3 + NaCl. Cu 88: Phng trnh in li no di y c biu din ng? A. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-. B. H2S H+ + HS-. + C. HF H + F . D. CaCO3 Ca2+ + CO32-. Cu 89: i vi dd axit yu HNO2 0,010M, nu b qua s in li ca nc th nh gi no sau y l ng? A. [H+] = 0,010M. B. [H+] > [NO2-]. C. [H+] < 0,010M. D. [NO2-] > 0,010M. Cu 90: Dy no sau y gm cc mui axit? A. NaHSO4, NaHSO3, K2HPO3, KHCO3.B. KHS, NaHS, KH2PO3, NaH2PO4. C. NaHS, KHS, Na2HPO3, Na2HPO4. D. NaHCO3, KHSO3, KH2PO2, NaH2PO4. Cu 91: Phn ng ha hc sau: 2HNO3 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O c phng trnh ion rt gn l A. H3O+ + OH- 2H2O. B. 2H+ + Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2H2O. + C. H + OH 2H2O. D. 2HNO3 + Ba2+ + 2OH- Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O. Cu 92: Hiroxit no sau y khng phi hiroxit lng tnh? A. Zn(OH)2. B. Al(OH)3. C. Ba(OH)2. D. Pb(OH)2. Cu 93: Trong cc cp cht sau y, cp cht no cng tn ti trong dd? A. HCl v NaHCO3. B. K2SO4 v MgCl2. C. NaCl v AgNO3. D. NaOH v FeCl2. Cu 94: Mt mu nc c pH = 3,82 th nng mol /l ca ion H+ trong l A. [H+] = 1,0.10-3M. B. [H+] = 1,0.10-4M. C. [H+] > 1,0.10-4M. D. [H+] < 1,0.10-4M. 0 Cu 95: Dd ca mt baz 25 C c
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c A. [H+] = 1,0.10-7M. B. [H+] > 1,0.10-7M. C. [H+] < 1,0.10-7M. D. [H+].[OH-] > 1,0.10-14. Cu 96: Mt dd cha 0,20 mol Cu2+; 0,30 mol K+; a mol Cl- v b mol SO42-. Tng khi lng mui tan c trong dd l 54,35 gam. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l A. 0,30 v 0,20. B. 0,10 v 0,30. C. 0,20 v 0,50. D. 0,50 v 0,10. Cu 97: Theo thuyt Bronstet, cu no di y l ng A. Axit tc dng c vi mi baz B. Axit l cht c kh nng cho proton C. Axit l cht in li mnh D. Axit l cht ho tan c mi kim loi + 2+ 2+ 2+ Cu 98: Cho dd cha cc ion sau: K , Ca , Mg , Pb , H+ , Cl . Mun tch c nhiu cation ra khi dd m khng a ion l vo dd, ta c th cho dd tc dng vi cht no trong cc cht sau y: A. Dd Na2CO3 va B. Dd KOH va C. Dd K2SO4 va D. Dd K2CO3 va . Cu 99: Khi pha long dd mt axit yu cng iu kin nhit th in li ca n tng. Pht biu no di y l ng A. Hng s phn li axit Ka gim B. Hng s phn li axit Ka khng i C. Hng s phn li axit Ka tng D. Hng s phn li axit Ka c th tng hoc gim
10 Cu 100: Mt dd c OH = 2,5.10 M . Mi trng ca dd l:
A. Kim B. Trung tnh C. Axit D. Khng xc nh c Cu 101: Theo nh ngha axit - baz ca Bronstet, cc cht v ion thuc dy no sau y l lng tnh + A. ZnO , Al2O3 , HCO 3 , H2O B. NH 4 , HCO 3 , CH3COO C. ZnO , Al2O3 , HSO 4 , NH 4 D. CO 3 , CH3COO Cu 102: Trn V1 lt dd axit mnh (pH = 5) vi V2 lt kim mnh (pH = 9) theo t l th tch no sau y thu c dd c pH = 6 A.
+ 2
V1 1 = V2 1
B.
V1 11 = V2 9
C.
V1 8 = V2 11
D.
V1 9 = V2 10
Cu 103: Dd HCl c pH = 3, cn pha long dd ny bng nc bao nhiu ln thu c dd c pH = 4? A. 10 ln B. 1 ln C. 12 ln D. 100 ln Cu 104: Mun pha ch 300ml dd NaOH c pH = 10 th khi lng NaOH cn dng l bao nhiu (trong cc s cho di y ( Cho H =1 , O=16 , Na =23 , NaOH phn li hon ton ) A. 1,2.10 3 gam B. 2,1.10 3 gam C. 1,4.10 3 gam D. 1,3.10 3 gam Cu 105: Mt dd cha 2 cation Fe2+( 0,1 mol) v Al3+ ( 0,2 mol) v 2 anion Cl ( x mol) v SO 4 ( y mol ). Bit rng khi c cn dd thu c 46,9g cht rn khan. x v y c gi tr ln lt l : A. 0,2 v 0,3 B. 0,15 v 0,3 C. 0,2 v 0,35 D. 0,3 v 0,4 Cu 106: Hy chn nhng ng: Phn ng trao i ion trong dd cc cht in li ch xy ra khi: A. Mt s ion trong dd kt hp c vi nhau to thnh cht kt ta . B. To thnh t nht mt cht in li yu, hoc cht t tan (cht kt ta hoc cht kh) C. Cc cht tham gia phn ng l nhng cht d tan. D. Cc cht tham gia phn ng l cht in li mnh. Cu 107: Theo thuyt Bronstet th cu tr li no di y khng ng A. Axit hoc baz c th l phn t hoc ion B. Trong thnh phn ca baz phi c nhm -OH C. Trong thnh phn ca axit c th khng c hiro D. Trong thnh phn ca baz c th khng c nhm -OH Cu 108: Theo nh ngha axit - baz ca Bronstet, cc cht v ion thuc dy no sau y l baz + A. NH 4 , HCO 3 , CH3COO B. ZnO , Al2O3 , HSO 4 C. CO 3 , CH3COO D. HSO 4 , NH 4 Cu 109: Biu thc tnh hng s phn li axit trong dd nc ca CH3COOH theo Bron-stt l
2 +
2
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c A .K a = C. K a =
[H + ].[CH3COO- ] [CH 3COOH] [H + ].[CH 3COOH] [CH 3COO- ]
B. K a = D. K a =
[CH3COOH] [H + ].[CH 3COO- ] [CH 3COOH].[CH3COO- ] [H + ]
Cu 110: Nhm cc mui no sau y u c phn ng thy phn ? A. Na2CO3, NaCl, NaNO3. B. CuCl2, CH3COONa, KNO3. C. CuCl2, CH3COONa, NH4Cl. D. Na2SO4, KNO3, AlCl3. Cu 111: Cho 10,0 ml dd NaOH 0,1M vo cc ng 15,0 ml dd HCl 0,1M. Dd to thnh s lm cho A. phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn thnh mu . B. phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn thnh mu xanh. C. giy qu tm ha . D. giy qu tm khng chuyn mu. Cu 112: Dd mui no sau y c pH > 7 ? A. NaCl. B. Na2CO3. C. Ba(NO3)2. D. NH4Cl. Cu 113: Cho cc cp cht sau: (1) K2CO3 v BaCl2; (2) Ba(HCO3)2 v Na2CO3; (3) (NH4)2CO3 v Ba(NO3)2; (4) Ba(NO3)2 v CaCO3. Nhng cp cht khi phn ng c cng phng trnh ion rt gn l A. (1), (2). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (3). D. (1), (3), (4). Cu 114: Dd NaHSO4 tn ti phn t v ion no: A. H2O, NaHSO4, HSO4-, Na+. B. H2O, HSO4-, Na+, H+, SO42-. + C. H2O, Na , HSO4 . D. H2O, Na+, H+, SO42-. Cu 115: Cho 1 lt dd NaOH c pH= 13 trn vi 1 lt dd HCl c pH=1 th thu c c pH l: A. pH=12. B. pH= 6,5. C. pH= 2 D. pH= 7. Cu 116: Cc ion no sau y c th tn ti trong cng mt dd: A. Na+, Ca2+, CO32-, NO3-. B. K+, Ag+, OH-, NO3-. C. Mg2+, Ba2+, NO3-, Cl-. D. NH4+, Na+, OH-, HCO3-. Cu 117: Cho V lt dd NaOH c pH= 13 tc dng vi dd cha 0,1 mol AlCl3 thu c 3,9 gam kt ta trng keo. Gi tr ca V l: A. 1,5 lt. B. 3,5 lt. C. 1,5 lt hoc 3,5 lt. D. 1,5 lt hoc 4,5 lt. Cu 118: Ti sao cc dd axit, baz v mui dn in c? A. s chuyn dch ca cc electron B. s chuyn dch ca cc cation C. s chuyn dch ca cc phn t ha tan D. s chuyn dch ca c cation v anion Cu 119: Trong s cc cht sau y: H2S, SO2, Cl2, H2SO3, NaHCO3, C6H12O6, Ca(OH)2, HF, NaClO, C6H6. S cht in li l A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D.6 Cu 120: C 4 dd (u c nng 0,1mol/lit). Mi dd cha mt trong bn cht tan sau: natri clorua, ru etylic, axit acetic, kali sunfat. Kh nng dn in ca cc dd tng dn theo th t no trong cc th t sau y? A. NaCl < C2H5OH < CH3COOH < K2SO4. B. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < NaCl < K2SO4. C. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < K2SO4 < NaCl D. CH3COOH < NaCl < C2H5OH < K2SO4. Cu 121: Dd cht in li dn in c l do s chuyn ng ca A. Cc cation v anion. B. Cc cation v anion v cc phn t ha tan. C. Cc ion H + v OH . D. Cc ion nng chy phn li. Cu 112: Cho cc cht sau: K3PO4, H2SO4, HClO, HNO2, NH4Cl, HgCl2, Sn(OH)2. Cc cht in li yu l: A. HClO, HNO2, HgCl2, Sn(OH)2. B. HClO, HNO2, K3PO4, H2SO4. C. HgCl2, Sn(OH)2, NH4Cl, HNO2. D. HgCl2, Sn(OH)2, HNO2, H2SO4. Cu 123: Da vo nh lut bo ton in tch cho bit dd no sau y khng th tn ti ? A. dd cha Na + 0,1M, Ba 2+ 0,1M, K + 0,15M, Cl 0,25M, NO 3 0,1M. B. dd cha C. dd cha
Ca 2+ 0,2M, K + 0,25M, Cl 0,25M, NO 3 0,4M. K + 0,1M, Na + 0,2M, NO 3 0,05M, CH 3 COO 0,05M, Cl 0,2M.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c D. dd cha
Mg 2+
0,2M, K + 0,1M, NH 4 0,1M, 0, SO 4 0,25M, Cl 0,05M,
NO 3 , 0,05M.
Cu 124: Theo Areniut nhng cht no sau y l hidroxit lng tnh A. Al(OH)3 B. Fe(OH)2. C. Cr(OH)2.
D. Mg(OH)2.
Cu 125: Theo Areniut pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Hp cht c kh nng phn li ra ion H + trong nc l axit. B. Hp cht c cha nhm OH l hidroxit. C. Hp cht c cha hir trong phn t l axit. D. Hp cht c cha 2 nhm OH l hirxit lng tnh. Cu 126: Gi tr tch s ion ca nc ph thuc vo A. Nhit . B. p sut. C. Cht ha tan. D. Ion ha tan. Cu 127: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ? Phn ng trao i ion trong dd cht in li xy ra khi A. C phng trnh ion thu gn B. C s gim nng mt s cc ion tham gia phn ng C. C sn phm kt ta, cht kh, cht in li yu. D. Cc cht tham gia phi l cht in li Cu 128: Cho 2 dd axit l HNO3 v HClO c cng nng . Vy s so snh no sau y l ng? A. C.
[ NO ]
3
[ HNO ]
3
>
[ ClO ] .
<
[ HClO] .
[H ] D. [ H ]
B.
+ +
HNO3 HNO3
[H ] = [H ]
>
+ +
HClO
. .
HClO
Cu 129: cc vng t phn ngi ta bn vi lm A. Tng pH ca t. B. Tng khong cht cho t. C. Gim pH ca t. D. mi trng t n nh. Cu 130: Phng trnh ion rt gn Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2 tng ng vi phn ng no sau y? A. Cu(NO3)2 + Ba(OH)2 B. CuSO4 + Ba(OH)2 C. CuCO3 + KOH D. CuS + H2S Cu 131: Phng trnh phn ng Ba(H2PO4)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 $ + 2H3PO4 tng ng vi phng trnh ion gn no sau y? A. Ba2+ + 2H2PO4- + 2H+ + SO42- BaSO4 + 2H3PO4 B. Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 C. H2PO4- + H+ H3PO4 D. Ba2+ + SO42- + 3H+ + PO43- BaSO4 + H3PO4 Cu 132: Cc cp cht no sau y c th tn ti trong mt dd ? A. CH3COOK v BaCl2. B. CaF2 v H2SO4. C. Fe2(SO4)3 v KOH. D. CaCl2 v Na2SO4. Cu 133: tinh ch dd KCl c ln ZnCl2 ta c th dng cht no di y ? A. Cho lng KOH va . B. Cho KOH d. C. Cho NaOH va . D.Cho NaOH d. Cu 134: C 3 dd khng mu sau Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, K2S ch dng mt thuc th no sau y nhn bit ? A. Pb(NO3)2. B. Na2SO4. C. K2CO3. D. Phenolphtalein. Cu 135: Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng trao i ? A. CuSO4 + KI B. CuSO4 + K2SO3 C. Na2CO3 + CaCl2 D. CuSO4 + BaCl2 Cu 136: Cc tp hp ion sau y c th tn ti ng thi trong cng mt dd A. Na+; Ca2+; Fe2+; NO3-; ClB. Na+, Cu2+; Cl-; OH-; NO3+ 3+ 2C. Na ; Al ; CO3 ; HCO3 ; OH D. Fe2+; Mg2+; OH-; Zn2+; NO3 Na2SO4 + ?. Cc cht thch hp ln lt l Cu 137: Cho phng trnh phn ng FeSO4 + ? A. NaOH v Fe(OH)2 B. NaOH v Fe(OH)3 C. KOH v Fe(OH)3 D. KOH v Fe(OH)2
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 138: Theo Bronsted nhng cht no sau y c tnh axit ? A. HSO4-, NH4Cl, Al3+. B. Cu(OH)2, AlO2-, Na2CO3. C. Na2SO4. D. HCO3-, H2O, Al2O3, ZnO, Be(OH)2, CH3COONH4. Cu 139: Theo Bronsted nhng cht no sau y c tnh baz ? A. HSO4-, NH4Cl, Al3+. B. Cu(OH)2, AlO2-, Na2CO3. C. Na2SO4. D. HCO3-, H2O, Al2O3, ZnO, Be(OH)2, CH3COONH4. Cu 140: Theo Bronsted nhng cht no sau y l trung tnh ? A. HSO4-, NH4Cl, Al3+. B. Cu(OH)2, AlO2-, Na2CO3. C. Na2SO4. D. HCO3-, H2O, Al2O3, ZnO, Be(OH)2, CH3COONH4. Cu 141: Theo Areniut hiroxit no sau y c tnh lng tnh ? A. Zn(OH)2. B. Pb(OH)2. C. Al(OH)3. D. Tt c. Cu 142: Cu no sai khi ni v pH v pOH ca dd ? A. pH = -lg[H+]. B. [H+] = 10a th pH = a. C. pOH = -lg[OH ]. D. pH + pOH = 14. Cu 143: Mui axit l: A. Mui c kh nng phn ng vi baz. B. Mui vn cn hiro trong phn t. C. Mui to bi axit yu v baz mnh. D.Mui vn cn hiro c kh nng phn li ra cation H+ Cu 144: Mui trung ho l : A. Mui m dd c pH = 7. B. Mui khng cn hiro trong phn t. C. Mui c kh nng phn ng vi axit v baz. D. Mui khng cn hiro c kh nng b thay th bi kim loi. Cu 145: Phn ng trao i ion trong dd cc cht in li ch c th xy ra khi c t nht mt trong cc iu kin no sau y ? A. To thnh mt cht kt ta. B. To thnh cht in li yu. C. To thnh cht kh. D. Mt trong ba iu kin trn. Cu 146: Trong cc cht sau, cht no l cht in li yu ? A. H2O. B. HCl. C. NaOH. D. NaCl. Cu 147: Nc ng vai tr g trong qu trnh in li cc cht trong nc ? A. Mi trng in li. B. Dung mi khng phn cc. C. Dung mi phn cc. D. To lin kt hiro vi cc cht tan. Cu 148: Chn dy cc cht in ly mnh trong s cc cht sau : a. NaCl. b. Ba(OH)2. c. HNO3. d. HF. e. Cu(OH)2. f. HCl. A. a, b, c, f. B. a, d, e, f. C. b, c, d, e. D. a, b, c, e. Cu 149: Chn nh ngha axit theo quan im ca Bronsted. A. Axit l cht ho tan c mi kim loi. B. Axit l cht tc dng c vi mi baz. C. Axit l cht cho proton. D. Axit l cht in li mnh. Cu 150: Chn pht biu ng nht khi ni v Zn(OH)2. Zn(OH)2 l : A. Cht lng tnh. B. Hiroxit lng tnh. C. Baz lng tnh. D. Hiroxit trung ho. Cu 151: Dy cht no di y va tc dng vi dd HCl va tc dng vi dd NaOH ? A. Pb(OH)2, ZnO, Fe2O3. B. Al(OH)3, Al2O3, Na2CO3. C. Na2SO4, HNO3, Al2O3. D. Na2HPO4, ZnO, Zn(OH)2. Cu 152: Theo Bronsted, ion no sau y l ion lng tnh ? A. PO43B. CO32C. HPO32-. D. HCO3Cu 153: Cho cc axit sau : (1) H3PO4 (Ka = 7,6.10-3); (2) HOCl (Ka = 5,10-8); (3) CH3COOH (Ka = 1,8.10-5); (4) HSO4- (Ka = 10-2). Dy no sp xp mnh ca cc axit theo th t tng dn ? A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4). B. (4) < (2) < (3) < (1). C. (2) < (3) < (1) < (4). D. (3) < (2) < (1) < (4).
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 154: Chn pht biu ng trong s cc pht biu sau y ? A. Gi tr pH tng th axit gim. B. Gi tr pH tng th axit tng. C. Dd c pH < 7 lm qu tm ho xanh. D. Dd c pH >7 lm qu tm ho . Cu 155: Cho cc dd c nh s th t nh sau: 1. KCl. 2. Na2CO3. 3. CuSO4. 4. CH3COONa. 5. Al2(SO4)3 6. NH4Cl. 7.NaBr. 8. K2S. Chn phng n trong dd c pH < 7 ? A. 1, 2, 3. B. 3, 5, 6. C. 6, 7, 8. D. 2, 4, 6. Cu 156: Cho cc ion v cht c nh s th t nh sau : 1. HCO3-. 2. K2CO3. 3. H2O. 4. Cu(OH)2. 5. HPO42-. 6. Al2O3. 7. NH4Cl. 8. HCO3 Theo Bronsted, cc cht v ion lng tnh l : A. 1, 2, 3. B. 4, 5,6. C. 1, 3, 5, 6, 8. D. 2, 4, 6,7. + 2+ + 2+ 2+ Cu 157: Cho dd cha cc ion : K , Ca , H , Cl , Ba , Mg . Nu khng a ion l vo dd, dng cht no sau y tch nhiu ion nht ra khi dd ? A. Dd Na2SO4 va . B. Dd K2CO3 va . C. Dd NaOH va . D. Dd Na2CO3 va . Cu 158: Chn cu ng nht trong cc cu sau y khi ni v phn ng axit - baz theo Bronsted. Phn ng axit - baz l phn ng : A. Axit tc dng vi baz. B. Oxit axit tc dng vi oxit baz. C. C s nhng nhn proton. D. C s dch chuyn electron t cht ny sang cht khc Cu 159: Cu no sau y ng khi ni v s in li ? A. S in li l s ho tan mt cht vo nc thnh dd. B. S in li l s phn li mt cht di tc dng ca dng in. C. S in li l s phn li mt cht thnh ion dng v ion m khi tan trong nc hay trng thi nng chy. D. S in li l qu trnh oxi ho - kh. Cu 160: Theo nh ngha v axit - baz ca Bronsted c bao nhiu ion trong s cc ion sau y l baz : Na+, Cl-, CO32-, HCO3- CH3COO-, NH4+, S2- ? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 161: Trong cc dd sau y : K2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, Na2S. C bao nhiu dd c pH > 7 ? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 162: Theo nh ngha v axit - baz ca Bronsted th c bao nhiu ion l baz trong s cc ion sau y: Ba2+, Br-, NO3-, C6H5O-, NH4+, CH3COO-, SO42- ? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 163: Trong cc cp cht no sau y, cp cht no cng tn ti trong dd ? A. AlCl3 v Na2CO3. B. HNO3 v NaHCO3. C. NaAlO2 v KOH. D. NaCl v AgNO3. Cu 164: C bn l ng bn dd mt nhn l : AlCl3, NaNO3, K2CO3, NH4NO3. Ch dng mt cht no di y nhn bit 4 dd trn ? A. Dd NaOH. B. Dd H2SO4. C. Dd Ba(OH)2. D. Dd AgNO3. Cu 165: Cc cht no trong dy cht no sau y va tc dng vi dd kim mnh va tc dng vi dd axit mnh ? A. Al(OH)3, (NH2)2CO, NH4Cl. B. NaHCO3, Zn(OH)2, CH3COONH4. C. Ba(OH)2, AlCl3, ZnO. D. Mg(HCO3)2, FeO, KOH. Cu 166: Cho cc cht rn sau : CuO, Al 2O3, ZnO, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb(OH)2. Dy cht c th tan ht trong dd KOH d l : A. Al, Zn, Cu. B. Al2O3, ZnO, CuO. C. Fe, Pb(OH)2, Al2O3. D. Al, Zn, Al2O3, ZnO. Cu 167: Dy cht v ion no sau y c tnh cht trung tnh ? A. Cl-, Na+, NH4+, H2O. B. ZnO, Al2O3, H2O. C. Cl-, Na+. D. NH4+, Cl-, H2O. ca cht in li ph thuc vo nhng yu t no sau y ? Cu 168: in li A. Bn cht ca in li. B. Bn cht ca dung mi.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c C. Nhit v nng ca cht tan. D. Tt c cc trn. Cu 169: dn in ca dd axit CH3COOH thay i nh th no nu tng nng ca axit t 0 n 100% ? A. dn in tng t l thun vi nng axit. B. dn in gim. C. Ban u dn in tng sau dn in gim. D. Ban u dn in gim, sau tng. Cu 170: Hy d on hin tng xy ra khi thm t t dd Na2CO3 vo dd mui FeCl3 ? A. C kt ta mu nu . B. C bt kh si ln. C. C kt ta mu lc nht. D. A v B ng. Cu 171: Ngi ta la chn phng n no sau y tch ring cht rn ra khi hn hp phn ng gia cc dd Na2CO3 v CaCl2 ? A. C cn dd. B. Chit. C. Chng ct. D. Lc. Cu 172: Phng trnh ion rt gn H+ + OH- H2O biu din bn cht ca phn ng ho hc no di y ? A. HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl. B. NaOH + NaHCO3 H2O + Na2CO3. C. H2SO4 + BaCl2 2HCl + BaSO4. D. Cu A v B ng. Cu 173: Trong cc phn ng di y phn ng no trong nc ng vai tr l mt axit theo Bronsted? A. HCl + H2O H3O+ +Cl-. B. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-. C. CuSO4 +5H2O CuSO4.5H2O. D. H2SO4 + H2O H3O+ + HSO4-. Cu 174: V sao dd ca cc dd axit, baz, mui dn c in ? A. Do axit, baz, mui c kh nng phn li ra ion trong dd. B. Do cc ion hp phn c kh nng dn in. C. Do c s di chuyn ca electron to thnh dng electron. D. Do phn t ca chng dn c in. Cu 175: Saccaroz l cht khng in li v : A. Phn t saccaroz khng c tnh dn in. B. Phn t saccaroz khng c kh nng phn li thnh ion trong dd. C. Phn t saccroz khng c kh nng hirat ho vi dung mi nc. D. Tt c cc l do trn. Cu 176: Cht no sau y l cht in li ? A. Ru etylic. B. Nc nguyn cht. C. Axit sunfuric. D. Glucoz. Cu 177: Dd cht no sau y khng dn in ? A. CH3OH. C. CuSO4. C. NaCl. D. AgCl. Cu 178: Ion Na+.nH2O c hnh thnh khi : A. Ho tan NaCl vo nc. B. Ho tan NaCl vo dd axit v c long. C. Nung NaCl nhit cao. D. Ho tan NaCl vo ru etylic. Cu 179: Dy cht no di y u l cht in li mnh ? A. HCl, NaOH, NaCl. B. HCl, NaOH, CH3COOH. C. KOH, NaCl, HgCl2. D. NaNO3, NaNO2, HNO2. Cu 180: C bao nhiu dd ch cha mt cht c to thnh t cc ion sau: Ba2+, Mg2+, SO42-, Cl- ? A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. Cu 181: Cho 0,011 mol NH4Cl vo 100 ml dd NaOH c pH=12 . un si dd, sau lm ngui v thm vo vi git phenol phtalein. Hy tm xem trong s cc kt lun di y, no m t cha ng hin tng ca th nghim trn? A. Dd c mu hng khi nh phenolphtalein vo. B. Dd khng c mu khi nh phenolphtalein vo. C. Khi un si dd c kh thot ra lm ho mui mu trng mt a c tm dd HCl c. D. Khi un si dd c kh mi khai thot ra. Cu 182:Mt dd c nng ion hirxit l 1,4.10-4 M, th nng ion H3O+ trong dd bng bao nhiu? A. 7,2.10-11M B. 1.10-14M C. 1,4.10-10M D. 7,2.10-15M + -4 Cu 183: pH ca dd c nng ion H3O bng 1,2 .10 M l: A. 3,8 B. 8,2 C. 3,92 D. 10,08
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 184: pH ca dd HCN 0,01M (Ka= 4.10-10) l: A. 10,3 B. 8,3 C. 3,7 D. 5,7 Cu 185: pH ca dd CH3COOH 1M l 3,5. Hy xc nh phn trm ion ho ca axt axtic : A. 3,1 B. 0,31 C. 3,5 D. 0,031 Cu 186: Mt dd axit H2SO4 c pH=4.Hy xc nh nng mol/l ca dd axit trn. A. 5.10-4M B. 1.10-4M C. 5.10-5M D. 2.10-4M Cu 187: Trn ln 50 ml dd HCl 0,12M vi 50 ml dd NaOH 0,1M .Vy pH ca dd thu c bng bao nhiu? A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 1 Cu 188: Trn ln V ml dd NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dd HCl 0,03 M c 2V ml dd Y. Dd Y c pH l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1. Cu 189: Trong cc dd: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2, dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dd Ba(HCO3)2 l: A. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4. B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Na2SO4. C. NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2. D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2. Cu 190: Cho 200 ml dd AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dd NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27) A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2. Cu 191: S thu phn Na2CO3 to ra A. mi trng axit. B. mi trng baz. C. mi trng trung tnh. D. khng xc nh c. Cu 192: Nu pH ca dd A l 11,5 v pH ca dd B l 4,0 th iu khng nh no sau y l ng ? A. Dd A c nng ion H+ cao hn B. B. Dd B c tnh baz mnh hn A. C. Dd A c tnh baz mnh hn B. D. Dd A c tnh axit mnh hn B. Cu 193: Mui no sau y khi thu phn to dd c pH < 7 ? A. CaCl2. B. CH3COONa. C. NaCl. D. NH4Cl. Cu 194: Pht biu no sau y ng nht ? A. Al(OH)3 l mt baz. B. Al(OH)3 l mt baz lng tnh. C. Al(OH)3 l mt cht lng tnh D. Al(OH)3 l mt hiroxit lng tnh. Cu 195: Ion no sau y va l axit va l baz theo Bronsted ? A. HCO3-. B. SO42-. C. S2-. D. PO43-. + + 22Cu 196: Dd A cha cc ion : Na , NH4 , HCO3 , CO3 , SO4 . Ch c qu tm, dd HCl v dd Ba(OH) 2, c th nhn bit c : A. Tt c cc ion trong dd A tr ion Na+. B. Khng nhn bit c ion no trong dd A. C. Nhn bit c ion no trong dd A. D. Nhn bit c tt c cc ion tr NH4+, Na+. Cu 197: Cho 4 dd NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, KNO3, H2SO4. Ch dng thm kim loi Ba, c th nhn bit c: A. Dd H2SO4. B. Dd (NH4)2SO4 v dd H2SO4. C. Dd (NH4)2SO4 v dd NH4NO3D. C 4 dd. Cu 198: Trng hp no sau y khng dn in? A. Dd NaF. B. NaF nng chy. C. NaF rn khan. D. Dd HF trong nc. Cu 199: Cc dd sau y c cng nng mol, dd no dn in tt nht ? A. NH4NO3. B. Al2(SO4)3. C. H2SO4. D. Ca(OH)2. Cu 200: cng nhit , tan (mol/l) ca cc cht nh sau : MgCO3 (6,3.10-3M) ; CaCO3 (6,9.10-5M) ; SrCO3 (1,0.10-5M) v PbCO3 (1,8.10-7M). Th t dy dd bo ho no di y ng vi kh nng dn in tng dn ? A. MgCO3 ; SrCO3 ; PbCO3 ; CaCO3. B. MgCO3 ; CaCO3 ; SrCO3 ; PbCO3. C. PbCO3 ; SrCO3 ; CaCO3 ; MgCO3. D. CaCO3 ; MgCO3 ; PbCO3 ; SrCO3.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 201: Cho V lt dd NaOH 2M vo dd cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l A. 0,35. B. 0,25. C. 0,45. D. 0,05. Cu 202: Khi cho 100ml dd KOH 1M vo 100ml dd HCl thu c dd c cha 6,525 gam cht tan. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca HCl trong dd dng l A. 0,75M. B. 1M. C. 0,25M. D. 0,5M. Cu 203: Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dd X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H2SO4 0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dd Y (coi th tch dd khng i). Dd Y c pH l A. 1 B. 6. C. 7. D. 2. Cu 204: Trn 100 ml dd (gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dd (gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dd X. Gi tr pH ca dd X l A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6. Cu 205: Trn 100ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,5M v 100ml dd KOH 0,5M thu ddX. Cho X tc dng vi 100ml dd H2SO4 1M. Khi lng kt ta v gi tr pH ca dd thu c sau phn ng: A. 11,65g 13,22. B. 23,3g 13,22. C. 11,65g 0,78. D. 23,3g 0,78. Cu 206: Trn V1 lit dd H2SO4 c pH = 3 vi V2 lit dd NaOH c pH = 12 c dd c pH = 4, th t l V1: V2 c gi tr no? A. 9:11 B. 101:9 C. 99:101 D. 9:101 Cu 207: Trn 300 ml dd HCl 0,05 mol/l vi 200 ml dd Ba(OH)2 a mol/l thu c 500 ml dd c pH= 12. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,03. B. 0,04. C. 0,05. D. 0,06. Cu 208: Phn ng to thnh PbSO4 no di y khng phi l phn ng trao i ion ? A. Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 PbSO4 + NaNO3. B. Pb(OH)2 + H2SO4 PbSO4 + 2H2O. C. PbS + 4H2O2 PbSO4 + 4H2O. D. (CH3COO)2Pb + H2SO4 PbSO4 + 2CH3COOH. Cu 209: Dd HCl v dd CH3COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dd tng ng l x v y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH3COOH th c 1 phn t in li) A. y = 100x. B. y = 2x. C. y = x - 2. D. y = x + 2. Cu 210: Cho cc dd A, B, C, D cha tp hp cc ion sau: (A) Cl-, NH4+, Na+, SO42-. (B) Ba2+, Cl-, Ca2+, OH-. + + + (C) K , H , Na , NO3 . (D) K+, NH4+, HCO3-, CO32-. Trn 2 dd no vi nhau th cp no khng phn ng ? A. (A) + (B). B. (B) + (C). C. (C) + (D). D. (D) + (A). Cu 211: Cc tp hp ion no sau y khng tn ti trong mt dd ? A. Cu2+, Cl-, Na+, OH-, NO3-. B. Fe2+, K+, NO3-, OH-, NH4+. C. NH4+, CO32-, HCO3-, OH-, Al3+. D. Na+, Ca2+, Fe2+, NO3-, Cl-. 2Cu 212: Ion CO3 khng phn ng vi dd no sau y ? A. NH4+, Na+, K+, NO3-. B. Ba2+, Ca2+, OH-, Cl-. + + C. K , HSO4 , Na , Cl . D. Fe2+, NH4+, Cl-, SO42-. Cu 213: Trong s cc dd: Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, C6H5ONa, nhng dd c pH > 7 l A. Na2CO3, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. B. Na2CO3, NH4Cl, KCl. C. KCl, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. D. NH4Cl, CH3COONa, NaHSO4. Cu 214: Axit fomic (HCOOH) c trong nc kin. Khi b kin t th dng ho cht no di y ra ? A. Nc vi trong. B. Dm n. C. Cn. D. Nc. Cu 215: Chn cu tr li ng khi ni v mui axit. A. Mui c kh nng phn ng vi dd baz. B. Mui c cha nguyn t H trong phn t. C. Mui to bi axit yu v baz mnh. D. Mui c cha nguyn t H c kh nng phn li ra ion H+. Cu 216: Cho dd natri hiroxit long vo dd ng (II) sunfat n d. Hin tng quan st c l: A. Khng c hin tng. B. C bt kh thot ra. C. C kt ta mu xanh nht. D. C kt ta mu xanh sau tan. Cu 217: Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng axit - baz ?
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c A. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O. B. SO2 + H2O H2SO3. C. Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2. D. K2O + H2O KOH. Cu 218: Trn 200 ml dd H2SO4 0,05 M vi 300 ml dd NaOH 0,06 M.pH ca dd thu c l A. 2,4 B. 2, 9 C. 4,2 D. 4,3 Cu 219: Cho 40 ml dd HCl 0,75 M vo 160 ml dd cha ng thi Ba(OH) 2 0,08M v KOH 0,04M. pH ca dd thu c l A. 10. B. 12. C. 3. D. 2. =4,25%) Cu 220: pH ca dd H2SO4 0,0005 M v pH ca dd CH3COOH 0,1 M ( A. 3 ; 2,37 B. 3 ; 3,9 C. 5; 3,37 D. 4; 3,38
B. BI TP T LUN: Cau 1: vit phn ng xy ra trong nhng trng hp sau: Al + ddHCl; Fe + dd CuCl2; CaCO3 + ddHCl; ddNa2SO4 + dd BaCl2; ddNaOH + dd FeCl3. Zn(OH)2 + ddNaOH; Zn(OH)2 + HCl; Al(OH)3 + HCl; Al(OH)3 + KOH; Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4; Cu(OH)2 + NaOH c; CuCl2 + KOH; Cu 2: Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra trong dd gia cc cp cht sau: a) Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2. b) Ca(HCO3)2 + HCl. c) Pb(NO3)2 + H2S. d) Pb(OH)2 + NaOH. Cu 3: Vit phng trnh in li cc cht sau trong dd: Na2HPO4, K2S, KHS, Sn(OH)2, HNO2, H2SO3, NaHSO4. Cu 4: Dd cht no di y c mi trng kim? Gii thch. AgNO3, NaClO3, Na2CO3, SnCl2, K2SO4. Cu 5: Vit phng trnh in li cc cht sau: K3PO4; Pb(OH)2; HClO; NaH2PO4, [Ag(NH3)2]2SO4, [Cu(NH3)4]Cl2. Cu 6: Trong cc mui sau: Na2SO4, NaHSO4, Na2HPO3, Na2HPO4 mui no l mui axit, mui no l mui trung ha? Gii thch. Cu 7: Cho: Fe, Al2O3, Fe(OH)2, Na2CO3 ln lt tc dng vi dd axit HCl. Hy vit cc phn ng xy ra dng phn t v dng ion rt gn. Cu 8: Trong 2 dd mi trng hp sau y, dd no c pH ln hn. Gii thch ? a) Dd 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 1.10-4 v dd 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 4.10-5. b) Dd HCl 0,1M v dd HCl 0,01M. c) Dd CH3COOH 0,01M v dd HCl 0,01M. d) Dd H2SO4 0,01M v dd HCl 0,01M e) Dd NH3 0,01M v dd NaOH 0,01M. g) Dd Ba(OH)2 0,01M v dd NaOH 0,01M. Cu 9: Trn 200 ml dung HCl 1M vi 300 ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M th c dd A. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra (dng phn t v ion). b) Tnh nng mol/ l ca cc ion c trong dd sau phn ng. Cu 10: Dd CH3COOH 0,6% (d = 1). in li ca CH3COOH trong iu kin ny l 1%. a) Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dd trn. b) Tnh hng s phn li Ka iu kin trn. S: [H+] = 0,001M; Ka = 10-5. Cu 11: Dd X cha HCl 1M v H2SO4 1M; dd Y cha NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,5M. a) Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dd X v trong dd Y. b) Trn 100 ml dd X vi 300 ml dd Y th c 400 ml dd Z v m gam kt ta. Hy tnh: + Nng mol ca cc ion trong dd Z. + Gi tr m. Cu 12: Trong 2 lt dd axit flohiric (HF) c cha 4 gam HF nguyn cht. in li ca axit ny l 8%. Hy tnh hng s phn li Ka ca axit ny. S: 6,9.10-4.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 13: Trn 50 ml dd NaCl 0,1M vi 150 ml dd CaCl2 0,2M. Tnh nng mol/lt ca ion Cl- trong dd sau khi trn. Cu 15: Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH pha ch 500,0 ml dd c pH = 11,0. Cu 16: Ha tan hon ton 0,2044 gam mt mui kim loi ha tr hai MCO 3 trong 40,0 ml dd HCl 0,080M. trung ha lng HCl d cn 5,64 ml dd NaOH 0,20M. a) Vit cc phn ng ha hc xy ra. b) Xc nh kim loi M. Cu 17: Tnh nng mol ca cc ion H+ v OH- trong dd NaNO2 1,0M, bit rng hng s phn li baz l Kb = 2,5.10-11. Cu 18: Cho V lt dd NaOH 2M vo 500 ml dd ZnSO4 1M, hy xc nh gi tr ca V trong cc trng hp sau y: a) To kt ta cc i. b) To 19,8 gam kt ta. c) Gi tr t nht ca V khng thu c kt ta. Cu 19: imetyl amin (CH3)2NH l mt baz mnh hn NH3. imetyl amin trong nc c phn ng thy phn: (CH3)2NH + H2O (CH3)2NH2+ + OH-. a) Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li baz Kb ca imetyl amin. b) Tnh pH ca dd imetyl amin 1,5M, bit Kb = 5,9.10-4. Cu 20: Cho 2 dd H2SO4 c pH = 1 v pH = 2. Thm 100 ml dd KOH 0,1M vo 100 ml mi dd trn. Tnh nng mol / l ca cc dd thu c. ( p s : [K2SO4] = 0,025M ; [K2SO4] = 0,0025M ; [KOH] = 0,045M ) Cu 21: Cho dd A l hn hp H2SO4 2.10-4 M v HCl 6.10-4 M . Cho dd B l hn hp NaOH 3.10-4 M v Ca(OH)2 3,5.10-4 M . a) Tnh pH ca dd A v dd B ? ( S : 3 ; 11 ) b) Trn 300 ml dd A vi 200 ml dd B c dd C. Tnh pH ca dd C ? ( S : 3,7 ) Cu 22: A l dd HCl 0,2M. B l dd H2SO4 0,1M. Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca A v B c dd X. Tnh pH ca dd X. (p s : 0,7) Cu 23: Trn 3 dd H2SO4 0,1M , HNO3 0,2M , HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng nhau ta c dd A. Ly 300 ml dd A cho tc dng vi mt dd B NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29 M. Tnh th tch dd B cn dng sau khi tc dng vi 300 ml dd A c dd c pH = 2. ( p s : 0,134 lt ). Cu 24: Thm t t 100 g dd H2SO4 98% vo nc v iu chnh c 1 lt dd A. a) Tnh [H+] trong dd A. b) Phi thm vo 1 lt dd A bao nhiu lt dd NaOH 1,8M thu c : -Dd c pH = 1. -Dd c pH = 13. ( p s : 2M ; 1 lt ; 1,235 lt ) Cu 25: Trn 250 ml dd hn hp gm HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dd Ba(OH)2 a mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dd c pH = 12. Tnh a v m. ( S : 0,06M ; 0,5825 g ) Cu 26: a) Cn pha long dd NaOH c pH = 12 bao nhiu ln c dd NaOH mi c pH = 11. b) Cn pha long dd HCl c pH = 1 bao nhiu ln c dd HCl mi c pH=3 c) Phi ly mt dd HCl c pH = 1 v mt dd NaOH c pH = 12 theo t l th tch no c dd c : pH = 3 ; pH = 11 ; pH = 7. Cu 27: Phi ly bao nhiu gam H2SO4 thm vo 2 lt dd axit mnh c pH = 2 c dd c pH=1. Gi s th tch dd thay i khng ng k. ( S : 8,82 g ) Cu 28: Ha tan hon ton m gam BaO vo nc c 200 ml dd A c pH = 13. a) Tnh m ? b) Cho 0,27 gam bt nhm v 0,51 gam bt nhm oxit tan ht trong 400 ml dd A trn c dd B. Tnh nng mol/l cc cht trong dd B.( S : 1,53 gam ; 0,025M ; baz d 0,025M ) Cu 29: Trn 150 ml dd HCl a mol/l vi 250 ml dd cha ng thi NaOH 0,5M v Ba(OH)2 0,1 M c dd mi c pH = 12. Tnh a? ( S : 1,14 M )
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 30: Cho a gam kim loi Na vo nc c 1,5 lt dd X c pH = 12. a) Tnh a ? ( S : 0,345 g ) b) Trung ha 1,5 lt dd X trn bng V lt dd cha ng thi HCl 0,1 M v H2SO4 0,05 M. Tnh V? ( S : 0,075 lt ) c) Tnh nng ca cc ion : H+ , HS- , S2- v pH ca dd bo ha H2S 0,1 M , bit H2S c K1 = 10 7 ; K2 = 1,3.10 13. d) Tnh pH ca dd H3PO4 0,1 M. Bit H3PO4 c K1 = 8.10-3, K2 = 6.10-8 , K3= 4.10-13. CC BI T LUN NNG CAO (T LM) Bi 1. H2O , SO2 , Br2 , H2CO3 ,C2H6 , Ca(HCO3)2 , H2SO4 , NaClO , Mg(OH)2 , CuSO4 , C6H6 , C2H5OH , CH3COOH , C6H12O6 , CaO , CH3COONa. Nhng cht no l cht in li. Bi 2. Cho cc cht : HCl, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4, H2CO3, H2S, CH3COOH, HClO, HF, H2SO3, HNO2, HI, NaOH, Bi(OH)3, KOH, Sr(OH)2, RbOH, Ba(OH)2, NaCl, Na3PO4, NaHCO3, CaCl2, KHSO4, KClO3, CuSO4, Mg(OH)2, CH3COONa. a) Cht no l cht in li mnh ? Vit phng trnh in li. b) Cht no l cht in li yu ? Vit phng trnh in in li Bi 3. Vit phng trnh in li trong nc: a) Cc hiroxit lng tnh : Al(OH)3 , Zn(OH)2 , Pb(OH)2 , Sn(OH)2 , Cr(OH)3 , Cu(OH)2. b) Cc mui: NaCl.KCl , K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O , KCl.MgCl2.6H2O, NaHCO3, Na2HPO4, NaH2PO3, Na2HPO3 , NaH2PO2 , [Ag(NH3)2]Cl , [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 , [Zn(NH3)4](NO3)2 . Bi 4. Trong s cc mui sau, mui no l mui axit ? mui no l mui trung ho ? (NH4)2SO4 , K2SO4 , NaHCO3 , CH3COONa , Na2HPO4 , NaHSO4 , Na2HPO3 , Na3PO4 ,NaHS, NaClO. Bi 5. C bn dd : Kali clorua, ru etylic, axit axetic, kali sunfat, u c nng 0,01 mol/l. Hy so snh kh nng dn in ca cc dd . Gii thch ngn gn. Bi 6. Cho mt dd axit axetic CH3COOH ( cht in li yu). Nu ho tan vo dd mt t tinh th natri axetat CH3COONa ( cht in li mnh) , th nng ion H+ c thay i khng ? nu c th thay i nh th no ? Gii thch. Bi 7. Cho mt dd amonic, nu ha tan vo dd ny mt t tinh th amoni clorua NH 4Cl (cht in li mnh) th nng OH- c thay i khng ? Nu c th thay i nh th no? Gii thch. Bi 8. Vit biu thc hng s phn li axit Ka hoc hng s phn li baz Kb cho cc trng hp sau : NH + , NO , HClO , CH3COO- , S2- , H2CO3 . 4 2 Bi 9. Vit cng thc ca cc cht m khi in li to ra cc ion sau : a) K+ v PO 3 b) Al3+ v NO 3 c) Fe3+ v SO 2 d) K+ v MnO 2 4 4 4 e) Na+ v CrO 2 4 f) Cu2+ v SO 2 4 g) Rb+ v Clh) CH3COO- v Na+.
Bi 10. Trong mt dd cha ng thi cc ion : Na+ , Al3+ , Cu2+, Cl- , SO 2 , NO 3 . Khi c cn dd ta c th 4 thu c ti a my mui ? Vit cng thc phn t ca cc mui . Bi 11. C 3 ng nghim, mi ng nghim cha 2 cation v 2 anion (khng trng lp gia cc ng nghim) trong s cc cation v anion sau : NH + , Na+ , Ag+ , Ba2+ , Mg2+, Al3+ v Cl- , Br- , NO 3 , SO 2 , 4 4 PO 3 , CO 3 . Hy xc nh cc cation v anion sau trong tng ng nghim. 4 Bi 12. C th pha ch dd ng thi cha cc ion sau khng ? V sao? a) Na+, Ag+, Clb) Ba2+, K+, SO 2 c) Mg2+, H+, SO 2 , NO 3 4 4 d) Mg2+, Na+, SO 2 , CO 3 4 g) Br-, NH + , Ag+, Ca2+ 4
2 2
e) H+, Na+, NO 3 , CO 3
f) H+, NO 3 , OH-, Ba2+. i) HCO 3 , H+, K+, Ca2+.
h) OH-, HCO 3 , Na+, Ba2+
Bi 13. Trong mt dd c cha cc ion : Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, HCO 3 , Cl-. Hy nu v gii thch: - Trong dd c th c nhng mui no ? - Khi c cn dd c th thu c nhng mui no ?
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c - Khi nung hn hp cht rn sau khi c cn c th thu c nhng cht g ? Bi 14. Mt dd cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO 3 v d mol Cl- . Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d v cng thc tng khi lng mui trong dd. Bi 15. Trong mt dd c cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl-, d mol SO 2 . 4 a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d. b) Nu a = 0,1 ; c = 0,1 ; d = 0,3 th b bng bao nhiu ? T kt qu ny hy tnh tng khi lng cc mui c trong dd. Bi 16. Mt dd c cha 2 loi cation Fe2+(0,1 mol) v Al3+(0,2 mol) cng 2 loi anion l Cl-(x mol) v SO 2 4 (y mol) . Tnh x ,y . Bit rng khi c cn dd v lm khan thu c 46,9 gam cht kt ta. Bi 17. C hai dd , dd A v dd B. Mi dd ch cha 2 loi cation v 2 loi anion trong s cc ion sau : K+(0,15 mol) ; Mg2+(0,1 mol) ; NH + (0,25 mol) ; H+(0,2 mol) ; Cl-(0,1 mol); SO 2 (0.075 mol) ; NO 3 (0,25 4 4 mol) ; CO 3 (0,15 mol). Xc nh dd A v dd B. Bi 18. Dd A cha a mol K+ , b mol NH + , c mol HCO 3 , d mol SO 2 (khng k ion H+ v OH- ca nc). 4 4 Cho thm (c+d+e) mol Ba(OH)2 vo dd A thu c dd X , kh Y vag kt ta Z. Coi Ba(OH) 2 in li hon ton. Tm biu thc lin h a, b, c, d, e trong dd A v dd X. Bi 19. Mt dd cha a mol NaHCO3 v b mol Na2CO3 . a) Khi thm (a+b) mol BaCl 2 hoc (a +b) mol Ba(OH)2 vo dd trn th khi lng kt ta thu c trong hai trng hp c bng nhau khng ? Gii thch . Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton. b) Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c trong trng hp a = 0,1 mol v b = 0,2 mol. 2 Bi 20. Hy xc nh tng khi lng ca cc mui c trong dd A cha cc ion Na+, NH + , SO 2 , CO 3 . 4 4 Bit rng : - Khi cho dd A tc dng vi dd Ba(OH) 2 d v un nng thu c 0,34 gam kh c th lm xanh giy qu m v 4,3 gam kt ta. - Khi cho dd A tc dng vi dd H2SO4 d th thu c 0,224 lt kh (ddktc). 2 Bi 21. Dd A cha cc ion Na+, NH + , SO 2 , CO 3 . 4 4 a) Dd A trn c th iu ch t hai mui trung ho no ? b) Chia dd A lm hai phn bng nhau : - Phn th nht cho tc dng vi dd Ba(OH) 2 d ,un nng ta thu c 4,3 gam kt ta X v 470,4 ml kh Y 13,5oC v 1 atm. - Phn th hai cho tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 235,2 ml kh 13,5oC v 1 atm. Tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong dd A. Bi 22. Mt dd cha x mol Cu2+, y mol K+; 0,03 mol Cl- v 0,02 mol SO 2 . Tng khi lng cc mui 4 tan c trong dd l 5,435 gam. Hy xc nh gi tr x v y. Bi 23. a) Mt dd A cha 0,03 mol Ca2+; 0,06 mol Al3+; 0,06 mol NO 3 ; 0.09 mol SO 2 . Mui c trong 4 dd ny th phi ho tan hai mui no vo nc ? Gii thch. b) Kt qu xc nh nng mol ca cc ion trong dd sau: [Na+] = 0,05 ; [Ca2+] = 0,01 ; [NO 3 ] = 0,01 ; [Cl-] = 0,04 ; [HCO 3 ] = 0,025. Kt qu trn ng hay sai ? V sao. Bi 24. Trong 1 ml dd axit nitr nht nht nh c 5,64.1019 phn t HNO2 ; c 3,60.1018 ion NO 3 . a) Tnh in li ca axit nitr trong dd nhit . b) Tnh nng mol ca dd ni trn. Bi 25. Trong 500 ml dd CH3COOH 0,01 M, = 4% c bao nhiu ht vi m ( phn t , ion). Khng tnh nc. Bi 26. Dd axit axetic 0,6% c khi lng ring xp x 1 g/ml. in li ca axit axetic trong iu kin ny l 1,0% . Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dd ( b qua s in li ca nc). Bi 27. Tnh in li ca axit fomic HCOOH, nu dd 0,46% (d = 1,0g/ml) ca axit fomic c pH = 3.
2
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Bi 28. Dd CH3COOH 0,1M c in li = 1% . Vit phng trnh in li CH3COOH v xc nh pH ca dd ny. 2 Bi 29. Theo nh ngha axit baz ca Bron-stt cc ion : Na+, NH + , CO 3 , CH3COO- , HCO 3 , HSO , 4 4 K+, Cl- , Cu2+, SO 2 l axit , baz, lng tnh hay trung tnh ? Ti sao? 4 Trn c s , hy d on cc dd ca tng cht cho di y c pH ln hn , nh hn, hay bng 7. Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, Na2SO4, CuSO4, NH4Cl, NH4HSO4. Bi 30. Mt dd c cha 3 gam axit CH3COOH trong 250 ml dd. Cho bit in li ca axit CH3COOH l = 0,01. a) Tnh nng mol/l ca phn t v ion c trong dd axit . b) Tnh pH ca dd axit trn. Bi 31. Dd A c cha ng thi hai mui natri clorua (0,3mol/l) v kali photphat (0,1mol/l). a) C th pha ch dd A bng cch ho tan vo nc hai mui kali clorua v natri photphat c khng ? b) Nu c th c, pha ch 2 lt dd A cn bao nhiu mol kali clorua v bao nhiu mol natri photphat ? Bi 32. Dd A c cha ng thi ba mui : Na2SO4 0,05M ; KCl 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M. a) C th pha ch dd A c hay khng nu ch ho tan vo nc hai mui sau y ? * NaCl v K2SO4 * KCl v Na2SO4. b) Nu c th c, chun b 200 ml dd A cn ho tan vo nc bao nhiu gam mi mui? Bi 33. imetyl amin (CH3)2NH l mt baz mnh hn amonic . imetyl amin trong nc c phn ng thu phn sau: (CH3)2NH + H2O (CH3)2NH + + OH2 a) Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li baz Kb ca imetyl amin. b) Nu thm mt t mui khan (CH 3)2NH2Cl vo dunh dch trn th nng OH - thay i nh th no ? V sao ? c) Tnh pH ca dd imetyl amin 1,5M. Bit rng Kb = 5,9.10-4. Bi 34. a) Dd axit fomic HCOOH c pH = 3,0. Tnh in li ca axit fomic. b) Tnh nng H + v ion axetat CH3COO- trong dd axit CH3COOH 0,1M, bit in li ca dd bng 1,3% Bi 35. a) Tnh pH ca dd CH3COOH 0,1 M (Bit Ka = 1,75.10-5) b) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H+ trong dd NH4Cl 0,1M. Bit Kb ca NH3 bng 1,8.10-5. c) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H+ trong dd NH3 0,01M ( Bit Kb = 1,8.10-5 ). d) Tnh nng mol/l ion H+ ca dd CH3COOH 0,1M ( Bit Kb ca CH3COO- l 5,71.10-10). Bi 36. So snh pH ca cc dd sau c cng nng v iu kin . Gii thch . a) Cc dd : HCl ; H2SO4 ; CH3COOH. b) Cc dd : NaOH ; Ba(OH)2 ; dd NH3. Bi 37. Cho dd H2S 0,1M . Bit axit ny c th phn li 2 nc : H2S H+ + HS- ; Ka1 = 1,0.10-7 HS- H+ + S2- ; Ka2 = 1,3.10-13 a) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H+ v pH ca dd. b) Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion HS- v S2- trong dd. Bi 38. Trong hai dd cc th d sau y, dd no c pH ln hn ? a) Dd 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 1,0.10-4 v dd 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 4,0.10-5. b) Dd HCl 0,1M v dd HCl 0,01M. c) Dd CH3COOH 0,1M v dd HCl 0,1M. d) Dd HCl 0,01M v dd H2SO4 0,01M. Gii thch vn tt cho mi trng hp. Bi 39. Dd axit fomic 0,007M c pH = 3,0. a) Tnh in li ca axit fomic trong dd . b) Nu ho tan thm 0,001 mol HCl vo 1 lit dd th in li ca axit fomic tng hay gim ? Gii thch. Bi 40. Tnh pH ca cc dd sau: a) Dd HCl 0,001M.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c b) Dd H2SO4 0,0001M. Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. c) Dd NaOH 0.01M . d) Dd Ba(OH)2 0,0001M. Coi Ba(OH)2 phn li hon ton. Bi 41. Tnh pH ca dd thu c khi cho 100 ml H2SO4 0,1M vo 400 ml dd NH3 0,05M . Coi Ka(NH + ) = 4 5,6.10-10. Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 42. Thm 100 ml dd CH3COOH 0,1M vo 200 ml dd NaOH 0,05M. Tnh pH ca dd thu c . Cho Kb(CH3COO-) = 5,71.10-10 . Bi 43.a) Cho m gam Na vo nc, ta thu c 2 lit dd c pH = 13. Tnh m(g). b) Ho tan a gam kim loi Ba vo nc thu c 1,5 lit dd X c pH = 12. Tnh a (g). c) Dn V(lit) HCl (ktc) vo nc ta thu c 2 lt dd Y c pH = 1. Xc nh V (lit). d) Dn V(l) SO3 (ktc) vo nc ta thu c 5 lt dd C c pH = 2. Tnh V(l). Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 44. Tnh pH ca dd gm NH4Cl 0,2M v NH3 0,1M. Bit rng hng s phn li axit ca NH 4 l KNH 4 = 5,0.10-10 . Bi 45. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ion rt gn di y v vit phng trnh phn t ca cc phn ng tng ng di y. a) Cr3+ + Cr(OH)3 b) Pb2+ + PbS + c) Ag + AgCl d) Ca2+ + Ca3(PO4)2 e) S2- + H2S f) CH3COO- + CH3COOH + g) H + H2O h) OH- + AlO + 2 i) H+ + Al3+ + . k) OH- + CO 3 + Bi 46. Vit phng trnh trao i ion cc dd sau y (dng phn t v ion rt gn) : a) CaCl2 v AgNO3 b) Pb(NO3)2 v Al2(SO4)3 c) FeSO4 v NaOH d) NaNO3 v CuSO4 e) Fe2(SO4)3 v NaOH f) CH3COOH v HCl g) (NH4)2SO4 v Ba(OH)2 h) NH4Cl v Ba(OH)2 i) Ba(NO3)2 v CuSO4 j) KCl v Na2SO4 k) Pb(OH)2 (r) v HCl l) Pb(OH)2 (r) v NaOH. Bi 47. Hy dn ra phn ng gia dd cc cht in li to ra : a) Hai cht kt ta . b) Mt cht kt ta v mt cht kh. c) Mt cht kt ta, mt cht kh v mt cht in li yu. d) Mt cht kh, mt cht in li yu v mt cht in li mnh. e) Mt cht in li yu v mt cht in li mnh. Bi 48. Cho cc mui : NH4Cl, K2SO4, Ba(NO3)2, CH3COOONa, Na2CO3, KHSO3, Na2HPO4, CuSO4, NaCl, Al2(SO4)3, (CH3COO)2Pb, (NH4)2CO3 . Mui no trong s mui trn b thu phn kh ho tan vo nc. Vit phng trnh minh ho. Bi 49.a) Cho cc dd NaCl, Na2CO3, C6H5OH, NH4Cl c mi trng axit , kim hay trung tnh ? Gii thch . b) Cho qu tm vo cc dd sau y : NH4Cl , CH3COOK , Ba(NO3)2 , Na2CO3 . Qu tm i mu g ? Gii thch . c) C th dng qu tm phn bit 2 dd NaOH v Na2CO3 c khng ? Ti sao ? d) C th dng qu tm phn bit 2 dd HCl v dd NH4Cl c khng ? Ti sao ? e) V sao NH3 khng tn ti trong mi trng axit ? V sao Zn(OH)2 khng tn ti trong mi trng axit cng nh trong mi trng kim ? Bi 50. Hy ghi ng s thay i mu ca qu , qu xanh, qu tm khi nhng ln lt chng vo tng dd sau : Dd KCl FeCl3 NaNO3 K2S Zn(NO3)2 Na2CO3 Qu Qu xanh Qu tm
2 + +
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Bi 51. C bn bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt trong cc dd sau : Na 2SO4, Na2CO3 , BaCl2, KNO3 vi nng khong 0,1M. Ch dng thm qu tm, hy nu cch phn bit cc dd trn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. Bi 52 y ng ring bit trong cc bnh khng c nhn : NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4 , BaCl2 , NaOH , Na2CO3 . Bi 53. C 3 l ho cht mt nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc dd NaCl , Na 2CO3 v HCl . Khng c dng thm bt k ho cht no (k c qu tm), lm th no nhn ra cc dd ny. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra di dng phn t v ion. Bi 54. Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn bit cc dd sau : Na2CO3 , Na2SO3 , Na2SO4, Na2SiO3 v Na2S. Bi 55. Hy phn bit cc cht bt sau : NaCl , Na 2CO3 , Na2SO4 , BaCO3 , BaSO4 ( Ch dng thm 1 ho cht v nc). Bi 56. C 4 bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt hn hp dd sau y : K 2CO3 v Na2SO4 ; KHCO3 v Na2CO3 ; KHCO3 v Na2SO4 ; Na2SO4 v K2SO4. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit 4 bnh ny m ch dng thm dd NaCl v dd Ba(NO3)2. Bi 57. Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc dd ng trong cc l mt nhn sau : Ba(OH)2 , H2SO4 , FeCl3 , FeCl2 , AlCl3 , CuCl2 , NaCl , Na2CO3 , NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4. (Ch dng thm qu tm) Bi 58. Trn 250 ml dd hn hp HCl 0,08 mol/l v H2SO4 0,01 mol/l vi 250 ml dd Ba(OH)2 c nng x mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dd c pH = 12. Hy tnh m v x. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. Bi 59. Tr 300 ml dd c cha NaOH 0,1mol/l v Ba(OH)2 0,025 mol/l vi 200 ml dd H2SO4 nng x mol/l, thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dd c pH = 2. Hy tnh m v x. Coi Ba(OH) 2 v H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 60. Thm t t 400 ml dd H2SO4 49% vo nc v iu chnh lng nc thu c ng 2 lt dd A . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. a) Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dd A . b) Tnh th tch dd NaOH 1,8M cn thm vo 0,5 lt dd A thu c * dd c pH = 1. * dd c pH = 13. Bi 61. X l dd H2SO4 0,02M, Y l dd NaOH 0,035M . Khi trn ln dd X vi dd Y ta thu c dd Z c th tch bng tng th tch hai dd mang trn v c pH = 2. Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Hy tnh t l th tch gia dd X v dd Y . Bi 62. Cho 40 ml dd H2SO4 0,375M vo 160 ml dd cha ng thi NaOH 0,16M v KOH 0,04M. Tnh pH ca dd thu c. Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 63. Trn 3 dd H2SO4 0,1M ; HNO3 0,2M ; HCl 0,3M vi th tch bng nhau thu c dd A . Ly 300 ml dd A tc dng vi dd B gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH) 2 0,1M. Tnh th tch dd B cn dng sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dd c pH = 1. Coi Ba(OH)2 v H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 64. A l dd H2SO4, B l dd NaOH . Tin hnh cc th nghim sau : - Trn 0,2 lt A v 0,3 lt B thu c 0,5 lt dd C. trung ho 20 ml dd C cn 40 ml dd HCl 0,5M. - Trn 0,3 lt A vi 0,2 lt B thu c 0,5 lt dd D. trung ho 20 ml dd D cn 80 ml dd NaOH 0,1M. Tnh nng mol ca H2SO4 v NaOH trong dd A, B. Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 65.a) Tnh th tch dd NaOH 0,01M cn trung ho 200 ml dd H 2SO4 c pH = 3. Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. b) Pha long 10 ml dd HCl vi nc thnh 250 ml, dd thu c c pH = 3. Hy tnh nng mol ca dd HCl trc khi pha long v pH ca dd . Bi 66.a) Tnh pH ca dd thu c khi ho tan 0,4 gam NaOH vo 100 ml dd Ba(OH) 2 0,05M. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. b) Tnh th tch dd HCl 0,1M cn trung ho 200 ml dd Ba(OH) 2 c pH = 13. Coi Ba(OH) 2 in li hon ton c hai nc. c) Pha long 200 ml dd Ba(OH) 2 vi 1,5 lt nc c dd c pH = 12. Tnh nng dd Ba(OH) 2 trc khi pha long. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Bi 67.a) Tnh pH ca dd thu c khi cho mt lt dd H2SO4 0,005M tc dng vi 4 lt dd NaOH 0,005M. b) Trn 300 ml dd HCl 0,05M vi 200 ml dd Ba(OH) 2 a mol/l c 500 ml dd c pH = 12. Tnh a. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. Bi 68.a) Cho dd NaOH c pH = 12 (dd A). Cn pha long hay c cn dd A bao nhiu ln c dd NaOH c pH = 11. b) Cho dd NaOH c pH = 10 (dd B). Cn pha long hay c cn dd B bao nhiu ln c dd NaOH c pH = 12. c) Cho dd HCl c pH = 2 (dd C). Cn pha long hay c cn dd C bao nhiu ln c dd HCl c pH = 4. d) Cho dd HCl c pH = 4 (dd D). Cn pha long hay c cn dd D bao nhiu ln c dd HCl c pH = 3. Bi 69. A l dd H2SO4 0,5M, B l dd NaOH 0,5M. Cn trn VA vi VB theo t l no c : * dd c pH = 2 ; * dd c pH = 13. ( Coi cc cht phn li hon ton) Bi 70. Trn V1 lt dd HCl 0,6M v V2 lt dd NaOH 0,4M thu c 0,6 lt dd A. Tnh V1 , V2. Bit rng 0,6 lt dd A c th ho tan ht 1,02 gam Al2O3. Bi 71. Nh t t dd NaOH 2M vo 100 ml dd Y cha cc ion Zn2+, Fe3+, SO 2 cho n khi kt ta ht cc 4 ion Zn2+, Fe3+ th thy th tch dd NaOH dng l 350 ml. Tip tc thm 200 ml dd NaOH 2M vo h trn th mt cht kt ta va tan ht. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion c trong dd Y . Bi 72. Ly 100 ml dd A cha HCl 2M v HNO3 1,5M cho tc dng vi 400 ml dd B cha NaOH 0,5M v KOH nng a mol/l thu c 500 ml dd C trung tnh. Tnh a v nng mol/l ca cc ion trong dd. Bi 73. Cho 100 ml dd A cha Na2SO4 0,1M v Na2CO3 0,1M tc dng va vi 100 ml dd B cha Ba(NO3)2 0,05M v Pb(NO3)2 aM to kt ta . Tnh nng mol/l ca Pb(NO3)2 v khi lng chung ca cc kt ta. Bi 74. C 1lt dd hn hp Na2CO3 0,1M v (NH4)2CO3 0,25M. Cho 43 gam hn hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo dd . Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 39,7 gam kt ta A v dd B. Tnh %m cc cht trong A. Bi 75. Tnh pH ca dd : 2 a) Na2CO3 0,1M bit : CO 3 + H2O HCO 3 + OH- ; Kb = 1,6.10-4. b) NaHCO3 2.10-2M, bit : H2CO3 H+ + HCO 3
; Ka1 = 4,5.10-7
2 HCO 3 H+ + CO 3 ; Ka2 = 4,8.10-11
Chng II : Bi tp h thng phn kim loi Cu 841. Mng tinh th ca kim loi c : nguyn t phn t. ion dng ion m. Cu 842. Electron trong mng tinh th kim loi c gi l : Electron ho tr. Electron t do . Electron ngoi cng Electron c thn. Cu 843. Trong mng tinh th kim loi : A. ion dng v electron t do ng yn nt mng tinh th.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c B. ion dng v electron t do cng chuyn ng t do trong khng gian mng tinh th. C. ion dng dao ng lin tc nt mng v cc electron t do chuyn ng hn lon gia cc ion dng. D. electron t do dao ng lin lc nt mng v cc ion dng chuyn ng hn lon gia cc nt mng. Cu 844. Ion dng tn ti trong kim loi khi kim loi trng thi : rn v lng. lng v hi. ch trng thi rn. ch trng thi hi. Cu 845. Ch ra tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi : Cng. Do. T khi ln. Nhit nng chy cao. Cu 846. Tnh cht vt l no ca kim loi c gi tr rt khc nhau ? Tnh cng. Tnh do. nh kim. C A, B, C. Cu 847. Nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi, do : ion dng kim loi gy ra. / electron t do gy ra. /mng tinh th kim loi gy ra /nguyn t kim loi gy ra. Cu 848. Kim loi c tnh do nht l : Ag / Cu / Fe / Au Cu 849. Khi nhit tng th tnh dn in ca kim loi : tng. /gim. / khng thay i. / tng hay gim tu tng kim loi. Cu 850. Nhng kim loi khc nhau c tnh dn in khng ging nhau l do : bn knh ion kim loi khc nhau./ in tch ion kim loi khc nhau// mt electron t do khc nhau / . khi lng nguyn t kim loi khc nhau. Cu 851. Kim loi dn in tt nht l : Au / Cu / Al / Ag Cu 852. Kim loi dn nhit tt nht l : Au / Cu / Al / Ag Cu 854. Kim loi c t khi nh nht l : Na / Hg / Li / Be Cu 855. Dy no ch gm cc kim loi nh ? D. Li, Na, Zn, Al, Ca. Cu 856. Kim loi c t khi ln nht l : Cu / Pb / Au / Os Cu 857. Dy no ch gm cc kim loi nng ?
A. Li, Na, K, Mg, Al. B. Cs, Li, Al, Mg, Hg.
C.
Li, K, Al, Ba, Cu.
A. Li, Na, K, Ag, Al. B Ba, Mg, Fe, Pb, Au. B. Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag, Au. C. K, Ba, Fe, Cu, Au.
Cu 858. Kim loi c cng ln nht l : Li / Fe / Cr / Mn Cu 859. Nhng tnh cht vt l ca kim loi nh : t khi, nhit nng chy, tnh cng ph thuc ch yu vo A. bn knh v in tch ion kim loi. B. khi lng nguyn t kim loi.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c C. mt electron t do. D. c A, B, C. Cu 860. u khng phi l c im v cu to nguyn t kim loi ? A. Bn knh nguyn t tng i nh hn so vi nguyn t phi kim. B. S electron ho tr thng t hn so vi nguyn t phi kim. C. Lc lin kt vi ht nhn ca nhng electron ho tr tng i yu. D. C A, B, C u l c im ca cu to nguyn t kim loi. Cu 861. u khng phi l tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi ? A. Tc dng vi phi kim. B. Tc dng vi axit. C. Tc dng vi baz. D. Tc dng vi dung dch mui. Cu 862. ngha ca dy in ho kim loi :
A. Cho php cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh. B. Cho php d on c chiu ca phn ng gia hai cp oxi ho kh. C. Cho php tnh s electron trao i ca mt phn ng oxi ho kh. D. Cho php d on tnh cht oxi ho kh ca cc cp oxi ho kh.
Cu 863. Trong phn ng : 2Ag+ + Zn Cht oxi ho mnh nht l : 2Ag + Zn2+
A. Ag+
B. Zn C. Ag
D. Zn2+
Cu 864. Trong phn ng : Ni + Pb2+ Cht kh mnh nht l : A. Ni Pb + Ni2+
B. Pb2+
C. Pb
D. Ni2+
Cu 865. Trong phn ng : Cu + 2Fe3+ Cht oxi ho yu nht l : A. Cu Cu2+ + 2Fe2+
B. Fe3+ C. Cu2+ D. Fe2+

Cu 866. Trong phn ng : 2Fe3+ + Cu Cht kh yu nht l : Cu2+ + 2Fe2+
A. Fe3+
B. Cu
C. Cu2+ D. Fe2+
Cu 867. Gia hai cp oxi ho kh s xy ra phn ng theo chiu :
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c A. cht oxi ho yu nht s oxi ho cht kh yu nht sinh ra cht oxi ho mnh hn v cht kh mnh hn. B. cht oxi ho mnh nht s oxi ho cht kh yu nht sinh ra cht oxi ho yu hn v cht kh mnh hn. C. cht oxi ho mnh nht s oxi ho cht kh mnh nht sinh ra cht oxi ho yu hn v cht kh yu hn. D. cht oxi ho yu nht s oxi ho cht kh mnh nht sinh ra cht oxi ho mnh nht v cht kh yu hn. Cu 868. Cho phn ng : Ag+ + Fe2+ Ag + Fe3+ Fe2+ l : A. Cht oxi ho mnh nht. B. Cht kh mnh nht. C. Cht oxi ho yu nht. D. Cht kh yu nht. Cu 869. Ngm mt l km (d) trong 100ml AgNO3 0,1M. Khi phn ng kt thc khi lng l km tng bao nhiu gam ? A. 1,080 B. 0,755 C. 0,430 D. Khng xc nh c. Cu 870. C dung dch FeSO4 ln tp cht CuSO4. loi c tp cht c th dng : A. bt Cu d, sau lc. B. bt Fe d, sau lc. C. bt Zn d, sau lc. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 871. tch thu ngn c ln tp cht l km, thic, ch, ngi ta khuy thu ngn ny trong dung dch (d) ca :
Pb(NO3)2 Cu 872. Ngm mt l st trong dung dch ng (II) sunfat. Hy tnh khi lng ng bm trn l st, bit khi lng l st tng thm 1,2 g. A. 1,2 g B. 3,5 g C. 6,4 g D. 9,6 g Cu 873. Hp kim khng c cu to bng loi tinh th no ? A. Tinh th hn hp. B. Tinh th ion. C. Tinh th dung dch rn. D. Tinh th hp cht ho hc. Cu 874. Nhng tinh th c to ra sau khi nung nng chy cc n cht trong hn hp tan vo nhau, gi l :
A. B. C. D.
Hg(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 Sn(NO3)2
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c A. Tinh th hn hp. B. Tinh th dung dch rn. C. Tinh th hp cht ho hc. D. C A, B, C. Cu 875. Hp cht ho hc trong hp kim (c cu to tinh th hp cht ho hc) c kiu lin kt l : A. Kim loi. B. Cng ho tr. C. Ion. D. C A, B, C. Cu 876. Trong loi hp kim c tinh th hn hp hoc dung dch rn, kiu lin kt ch yu l : A. lin kt kim loi. B. lin kt cng ho tr. C. lin kt ion. D. lin kt gia cc phn t. Cu 877. Tnh cht ca hp kim ph thuc vo : A. thnh phn ca hp kim. B. cu to ca hp kim. C. ch nhit ca qu trnh to hp kim. D. C A, B, C. Cu 878. Hp kim c nhng tnh cht no tng t tnh cht ca cc cht trong hn hp ban u ? A. Tnh cht ho hc. B. Tnh cht vt l. C. Tnh cht c hc. D. C A, B, C. Cu 879. Hp kim c nhng tnh cht no khc nhiu vi tnh cht ca cc cht trong hn hp ban u ? A. Tnh cht ho hc. B. Tnh cht vt l. C. Tnh cht c hc. D. C A, B, C. Cu 880. So snh tnh dn in v dn nhit ca hp kim vi cc kim loi trong hn hp ban u : A. C tnh dn in v dn nhit ca hp kim u tt hn cc kim loi ban u. B. C tnh dn in v dn nhit ca hp kim u km hn cc kim loi ban u. C. Tnh dn in ca hp kim tt hn, cn tnh dn nhit th km hn cc kim loi ban u. D. Tnh dn in ca hp kim km hn, cn tnh dn nhit th tt hn cc kim loi ban u.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 881. So snh nhit nng chy ca hp kim v cc kim loi trong hn hp ban u : A. Nhit nng chy ca hp kim thng cao hn. B. Nhit nng chy ca hp kim thng thp hn. C. Chng c nhit nng chy bng nhau. D. Hp kim c nhit nng chy nm trong khong nhit nng chy thp nht v cao nht ca cc kim loi ban u. Cu 882. ng dng ca hp kim da trn tnh cht : A. ho hc. B. l hc. C. c hc. D. C A, B, C. Cu 883. Mt loi ng thau cha 60% Cu v 40% Zn. Hp kim ny c cu to bng tinh th hp cht ho hc ng v km. Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca hp cht.
Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu2Zn 884. Cn c vo u m ngi ta phn ra 2 loi n mn kim loi : n mn ho hc v n mn in ho ? A. Kim loi b n mn. B. Mi trng gy ra s n mn. C. C ch ca s n mn. D. C B v C. 885. c im ca s n mn ho hc : A. Khng pht sinh dng in. B. Khng c cc in cc. C. Nhit cng cao th tc n mn cng nhanh. D. C A, B, C. 886. S ph hu kim loi do kim loi phn ng vi hi nc hoc cht kh nhit cao, gi l : A. s g kim loi. B. s n mn ho hc. C. s n mn in ho. D. s lo ho ca kim loi. 887. Ch ra u l s n mn ho hc : A. S n mn vt bng gang trong khng kh m. B. S n mn phn v tu bin (bng thp) chm trong nc. C. S n mn cc chi tit bng thp ca ng c t trong . D. C A, B, C. 888. Bn cht ca s n mn kim loi :
A. B. C. D.
Cu3Zn2 Cu2Zn3 CuZn3
A. l phn ng oxi ho kh.

B. l phn ng ho hp.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c C. l phn ng th. D. l phn ng trao i. Cu 889. Trong s n mn ho hc, cc electron ca kim loi c : A. chuyn trc tip sang mi trng tc dng. B. chuyn gin tip sang mi trng tc dng. C. chuyn trc tip hay gin tip sang mi trng tc dng ph thuc vo kim loi b n mn. D. chuyn trc tip hay gin tip sang mi trng tc dng ph thuc vo mi trng tc dng. 890. Ch ra u khng phi l s n mn in ho : A. S n mn kim loi xy ra vt bng st trong khng kh m. B. S n mn kim loi xy ra vt bng gang trong khng kh m. C. S n mn kim loi xy ra vt bng thp trong khng kh m. D. C A, B, C. 891. Loi n mn kim loi ph bin v nghim trng nht l : A. n mn ho hc. B. n mn in ho. C. n mn c hc. D. n mn ho l. 892. iu kin cn v xy ra s n mn in ho l : A. Cc in cc cng tip xc vi mt dung dch cht in li. B. Cc in cc phi tip xc vi nhau. C. Cc in cc phi khc cht nhau. D. n mn ho l. 893. Cc in cc trong s n mn in ho c th l : A. Cp kim loi khc nhau.
Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu
B. Cp kim loi phi kim. C. Cp kim loi hp cht ho hc.

D. C A, B, C. Cu 894. Trong s n mn in ho, in cc ng vai tr cc m l : A. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn. B. Kim loi c tnh kh yu hn. C. Kim loi c tnh oxi ho mnh hn. D. Kim loi c tnh oxi ho yu hn. Cu 895. S n mn mt vt bng gang hoc thp trong khng kh m cc dng xy ra qu trnh.
A. Fe0 Fe2+ + 2e B. Fe0 Fe3+ + 3e C. 2H2O + O2 + 4e 4OH D. 2H+ + 2e H2 Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 173
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 896. Cht chng n mn c c tnh A. lm thay i tnh cht vn c ca axit v kim loi. B. khng lm thay i tnh cht vn c ca axit v kim loi. C. ch lm thay i tnh cht vn c ca axit : axit khng cn phn ng c vi kim loi. D. ch lm cho b mt ca kim loi tr nn th ng i vi axit. Cu 897. Phng php in ho bo v kim loi l : A. Ngi ta ph kn ln b mt kim loi cn bo v mt kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn. B. Ngi ta ni kim loi cn bo v vi mt tm kim loi khc c tnh kh mnh hn. C. T kim loi cn bo v v mt kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn, ngi ta c th ch to thnh hp kim khng g. D. C A, B, C. Cu 898. bo v v tu bin bng thp, ngi ta gn vo pha ngoi v tu bin cc tm bng : A. Ba B. Zn C. Cu D. Fe Cu 899. Mt vt c ch to t hp kim Zn Cu trong khng kh. Hy cho bit vt s b n mn theo loi no ? A. n mn ho hc. B. n mn vt l. C. n mn in ho. D. n mn c hc. Cu 900. Bn cht ca s n mn ho hc v n mn in ho c g ging nhau ?
A. u l phn ng oxi ho kh.

B. u l s ph hu kim loi. C. u c kt qu l kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng. D. u l s tc dng ho hc gia kim loi vi mi trng xung quanh. Cu 901. Khi iu ch kh hiro trong phng th nghim bng cch cho l km tc dng vi dung dch axit, ngi ta thng cho thm vi git dung dch
Ag2SO4 Cu 902. C nhng cp kim loi sau y tip xc vi nhau, khi xy ra s n mn in ho th trong cp no st khng b n mn ?
A. B. C. D.
Na2SO4 ZnSO4 CuSO4
A. Fe Zn B. Fe Cu C. Fe Sn D. Fe Pb Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 174
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 903. Phng php iu ch kim loi l : A. Phng php thu phn. B. Phng php nhit phn. C. Phng php in phn. D. C A, B, C. Cu 904. Phng trnh ho hc no sau y th hin cch iu ch Cu theo phng php thu luyn ? A. Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4 B. H2 + CuO Cu + H2O C. CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 D. 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2 Cu 905. Phng php no c p dng trong phng th nghim iu ch nhng kim loi c tnh kh yu ? A. Phng php thy luyn. B. Phng php nhit phn. C. Phng php in phn. D. Phng php nhit luyn. Cu 906. Bng phng php thy luyn c th iu ch c kim loi A. kali. B. magie. C. nhm. D. ng. Cu 907. Phng php thu luyn c p dng trong phng th nghim iu ch nhng kim loi A. c tnh kh mnh. B. c tnh kh yu. C. c tnh kh trung bnh. D. c tnh kh trung bnh hoc yu. Cu 908. Phng php nhit luyn l phng php : dng cht kh nh CO, C, Al, H2 kh ion kim loi trong A. oxit. B. baz. C. mui. D. hp kim. Cu 909. Cho cc kim loi : Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Cu, Ag. Bng phng php in phn c th iu ch c bao nhiu kim loi trong s cc kim loi trn ? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Cu 910. iu ch nhng kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh v yu, ngi ta in phn dung dch ca loi hp cht no ca chng ? A. Baz.
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c B. Oxit. C. Mui. D. C A, B, C. Cu 911. Bng phng php no c th iu ch c nhng kim loi c tinh khit rt cao (99,999%) ? A. Thu luyn. B. Nhit luyn. C. in phn. D. C A, B, C. Cu 912. Phng trnh ha hc no sau y biu din cch iu ch Ag theo phng php nhit luyn ? . A. 2AgNO3 + Zn dung dch 2Ag + Zn(NO3)2
t cao B. 2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2 pdd C. 4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4Ag + 4HNO3 + O2
0
D. C A, B, C u sai. Cu 913. Phng trnh ha hc no sau y biu din cch iu ch Ag t AgNO3 theo phng php thu luyn ? dd A. 2AgNO3 + Zn 2Ag + Zn(NO3)2
t B. 2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2 pdd C. 4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4Ag + 4HNO3 + O2 D. C A, B, C u sai. Cu 914. Thc hin qu trnh in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi cc in cc bng ng. Sau mt thi gian thy : A. khi lng anot tng, khi lng catot gim. B. khi lng catot tng, khi lng anot gim. C. khi lng anot, catot u tng.
o
D. khi lng anot, catot u gim.

Cu 915. Trong phng php thu luyn, iu ch Cu t dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi no lm cht kh ? A. K B. Ca C. Zn D. C A, B, C
TNH CHT HA HC CA HNO3 1. Tnh axit mnh. 2. Tnh oxiha mnh: - Oxiha c hu ht cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt), nhiu phi kim nh C, S, P, v nhiu hp cht c tnh kh (FeO, FeS, ...). - Khi b HNO3 oxiha, cc nguyn t thng b a ln s oxiha cao. - Khi tham gia phn ng oxiha kh, N trong HNO3 b kh thnh N O (nu l HNO3 2 c); N O , N2 O , N2 hay N H NO (nu l HNO3 long) ty theo mnh ca cht kh, nng 4 3 HNO3, nhit phn ng. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 176
+2 +1 0 3
+5
+4
* HNO3 c ngui lm th ng ha Al, Fe, Cr,... Cu + HNO3() Cu + HNO3(l) Fe + HNO3 () Fe + HNO3 (l) Al + HNO3 (l) Mg + HNO3 (l) Ca + HNO3 (l) HNO3 (l)+ FeO HNO3 (l)+ Fe3O4 HNO3 (l)+ Fe(OH)2 HNO3 (l)+ FeCuS2 HNO3 (l)+ FeS * iu ch HNO3: - Trong phng th nghim: cho H2SO4 c nng tc dng vi NaNO3 hoc KNO3. NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 - Trong cng nghip: N2 TNH CHT HA HC CA MUI NITRAT 1. Khng bn vi nhit.
R Tr Mg c
0
R(NO2)n +O2
KNO3
t Cu(NO3)2
0 0
t0
Mg e Cu R On +NO +O n R(NO3)n t R t 2 2 2 R Sau Cu R +NO2 +O2
t AgNO3 2. L cht oxiha trong mi trng axit: 3Cu + 2NO3 + 8H+ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O MT S CU HI:
Cu 1: Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l A. 8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6. Cu 2: nhn bit ba axit c, ngui: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 ng ring bit trong ba l b mt nhn, ta dng thuc th l A. Fe. B. CuO. C. Al. D. Cu. Cu 3: Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO3)2, Fe(OH)3 v FeCO3 trong khng kh n khi lng A. Fe3O4. B. FeO. C. Fe. khng i, thu c mt cht rn l D. Fe2O3. Cu 4: Trong phng th nghim c th iu ch kh NH3 t th nghim no trong cc th nghim sau y: A. Nhit phn mui NH4NO2. B. Cho mui amoni tc dng vi cht kim v un nng nh. C. t kh hir trong dng kh nit tinh khit. D. Thm H 2SO4 vo dung dch NH4Cl v un nng nh. Cu 5: Tm phn ng nhit phn sai? (iu kin phn ng c ) A. 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2 B. NH4Cl NH3 + HCl C. NH4NO2 N2 + H2O D. 4AgNO3 2Ag2O + 4NO2 + O2 Cu 6: Axit HNO3 th hin tnh oxi ha khi phn ng vi: A. NaOH, Cu, S. B. Cu(OH)2, P, Zn. C. Fe3O4, C, Ag. D. Fe2O3, Zn, Na2CO3. Cu 7: Hin tng no di y ng khi cho dung dch AgNO3 vo dung dch mui c cha ion PO43- ? A. C kh mu nu bay ra. B. To ra dung dch c mu vng. C. To ra kt ta c mu vng c trng. D. To kh khng mu, ha nu ngoi khng kh. Cu 8: Phn ng no di y cho thy NH3 c tnh baz ? (k thch hp) A. 8NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + 6NH4Cl B. NH3 + HCl NH4Cl C. 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O D. 3CuO + 2NH3 N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O Cu 9: NH3 + HCl A + NaOH B( mi khai). Nhn xt no khng ng v B ?
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c A. cht kh B. ch c tnh kh khng c tnh oxiha. C. lm qu ha xanh D. sn xut phn ha hc Cu 10: Ha tan hon ton 5,4g kim loi R bng dung dch HNO 3 long thu c 4,48 lt NO (kc). Vy R l kim loi A. Fe. B. Zn. C. Al. D. Cu. Cu 11: Phn ng no l phn ng khng phi phn ng oxiho - kh? A. FeO + HNO3 B. Fe2O3 + HCl C. Fe3O4 + HNO3 D. Fe + HCl Cu 12: Cht no sau y va c tnh oxi ha va th hin tnh kh A. NH3 v NH4NO3 B. N2 v P C. N2 v HNO3 D. P2O5 v HNO3 Cu 13: Hn hp X gm 2 kh CO2 v N2 c t khi hi vi H2 l 18. Vy thnh phn trm theo khi lng ca CO2 v N2 trong hn hp l: A. 50% v 50% B. 30% v 70% C. 35% v 65% D. 61,11% v 38,89% Cu 14: Cho 27,6g hn hp gm Al v Zn c s mol bng nhau vo dd HNO 3 long d th thu c V lt (ktc) kh duy nht khng mu, kh ny ha nu ngoi khng kh. gi tr ca V l A. 22,4 B. 11,2 C. 4,48 D. 3,36 Cu 15: Khi cho 0,5 mol N2 phn ng vi 1,5 mol H2 vi hiu sut 75% th s mol NH3 thu c l: A. 0,75 mol B. 1 mol C. 1,5 mol D. 2 mol Cu 16: Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch kh nit t: A. NH4NO3 B. Khng kh C. NH2NO2 D. NH4Cl v NaNO2 Cu 17: Trong phng th nghim ngi ta thu kh N2 bng phng php di nc v: A. N2 nh hn nc B. N2 rt t tan trong nc C. N2 khng duy tr s sng D. N2 ho lng, ho rn nhit rt thp Cu 18: Phn ng ca NH3 d vi Cl2 to ra khi trng, cht ny c cng thc ho hc l: A. HCl B. N2 C. NH4Cl D. NH3 Cu 19: Khi nhit phn Cu(NO3)2 s thu c cc cht sau: A. CuO, NO2 v O2 B. CuO v NO2 C. Cu,NO2 v O2 D. Cu v NO2 Cu 20: Dung dch sau y khng ho tan c ng kim loi (Cu) l A. Dung dch FeCl3 B. Dung dch HCl C. Dung dch hn hp NaNO3 v HCl D. Dung dch axit HNO3 Cu 21: Amoniac c nhng tnh cht c trng sau: 1) Ho tan tt trong nc; 2) Tc dng c vi axit; 3) Nng hn khng kh; 4) Tc dng c vi oxi; 5) Tc dng c vi kim; 6) Kh c vi hidro; 7) Dung dch NH3 lm qu tm ho xanh. Trong s nhng tnh cht trn, tnh cht ng l: A. 1, 2, 4, 7 B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 C. 1, 4, 5, 7 D. Tt c u sai Cu 22: Kh nit c th c to thnh trong phn ng ho hc no sau y? A. t chy NH3 trong oxi c mt cht xc tc platin. B. Nhit phn NH4NO3 C. Nhit phn AgNO3 D. Nhit phn NH4NO2 Cu 23: Tng h s cn bng ca phn ng: M + HNO3 M(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O l A. 10 B. 14 C. 20 D. 15 Cu 24: Khi ho tan 30 g hn hp ng v ng (II) oxit trong dd HNO3 M ly d, thy thot ra 6,72 lit kh NO (ktc). Khi lng ca ng (II) oxit trong hn hp u l: A. 1,2g B. 4,25g C. 1,88g D. 2,52g Cu 25: NO2 + O 2 A + Mg B to C. C l cht no ? (OH ) 2 + H 2O
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c A. Mg(NO3)2 B. Mg C. MgO D. Mg(NO2)2 Cu 26: Cho 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M tc dng vi 100ml dung dch axit photphoric 2M. Mui no sau y thu c sau phn ng? A. Na2HPO4 B. NaH2PO4 C. Na2HPO4 v NaH2PO4 D. Na3PO4 v Na2HPO4. Cu 27: Tin hnh nhit phn ht 4,26g mui R(NO3)3 th c mt oxit c khi lng gim hn khi lng mui l 3,24g. Hy xc nh kim loi R. A. nhm B. st C. ng D. bc Cu 28: Cho 1 mol H3PO4 tc dng 1,5 mol Ca(OH)2 mui thu c l A. CaHPO4 B. Ca(H2PO4)2 C. CaHPO4 v Ca3PO4 D. Ca3PO4 Cu 12: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 38,72. B. 35,50. C. 49,09. D. 34,36.
Ch ph
Cu 1: Th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025M cn cho vo 100ml dung dch HCl c pH = 1 dung dch thu c c pH=2 l bao nhiu ( trong cc s cho di y) A. 0,25lt B. 0.14 lt C. 0,16 lt D. 0,18lt Cu 2: Cho dung dch NaOH c pH =12 .Cn pha long dung dch NaOH bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch NaOH c pH =11. A. 100 ln B. 9 ln C. 99 ln D. D.10 ln Cu 3: Trn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M v H2SO4 0,05 M vi 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng a mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH= 13. Tnh a v m: A. 1,5M v 2,33 gam B. 0,12 M v 2,33 gam C. 0,15M v 2,33 gam D. 1M v 2,33 gam Cu 4: Trn 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,05 M vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,06 M. pH ca dung dch thu c l A. 2, 9 B. 2,4 C. 4,2 D. p n khc Cu 5: Tnh in li ca axit CH3COOH 0,1M .Bit pH ca dung dch ny l 2,9 . A. 1,26.10-2 B. 0,126 C. 2,26.10-2 D. p n khc Cu 6: Tnh pH ca dung dch hn hp gm NH 4Cl 0,1M v NH3 0,1M .Bit hng s phn li ca NH + bng 5.10-10 4 A. 9,3 B. 3,8 C. 8,3 D. 3,9 Cu 7: Tnh p H ca dung dch HCOOH 0,092% c khi lng ring d =1gam/ml v c in li =5%. A. 6 B. 4 C. 5 D. p n khc Cu 8: Cho dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c hng s phn li axit Ka = 1,8.10-5.pH ca dung dch l : A. 2,875 B. 2,456 C. 2,446 D. 2,668
Cu 9: Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 (dung dch A). trung ho 10 ml dung dch A cn 10 ml dung dch B cha 2 axit HCl v H2SO4. Xc nh pH ca dung dch B : A. 2 B. 1 C. 3 D. p n khc Cu 10: Cho dung dch H2S 0,1M .Bit axit ny c th phn li theo 2 nc :
H2S H+ + HS ( c K1 = 10-7 ) v HS H+ + S 2 ( c K2 = 1,3.10-13) . pH ca dung dch l : A. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D. 4 Cu 11: Dung dch X cha NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,02M. pH ca dung dch X l: A. 2 B. 12 C. 1 D. 13 Cu 12: Tnh pH ca dung dch hn hp CH3COOH 0,1M v CH3COONa 0,1M .Bit Ka = 1,8.10-5 . A. 4,98 B. 4,02 C. 4,75 D. 4,45 Cu 13: Dung dch HCl c pH =3 .Cn pha long dung dch axit ny bng nc bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch HCl c pH = 4 . A. 9 ln B. 99 ln C. 100 ln D. 10 ln Cu 14: Trn 100ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,5M v 100ml dd KOH 0,5M thu dung dch X . Cho X tc dng vi 100ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. Khi lng kt ta v gi tr pH ca dung dch thu c sau phn ng: A. 11,65g v 0,78 B. 23,3g v 13,22. C. 11,65g v 13,22 D. p n khc Cu 15: Trn V1 lt dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 3 vi V2 lit dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 c dung dch c pH = 4, th t l V1: V2 c gi tr no: A. 99:101 B. 101:9 C. 9:11 D. T l khc Cu 16: Trn dung dch X cha NaOH 0,1M; Ba(OH)2 0,2M vi dung dch Y (HCl 0,2M; H2SO4 0,1M) theo t l no v th tch dung dch thu c c pH=13: A. VX:VY=5:4 B. VX:VY=5:3 C. VX:VY=4:5 D. p n khc Cu 17: Trn 50ml dung dch HCl vi 50ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 thu c dung dch X c pH = 2 Nng mol ca dung dch HCl ban u l: A. 0,13M B. 0,15M C. 0,12M D. Kt qu khc Cu 18: Trn 500 ml dung dch HNO3 0,2M vi 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Nu b qua hiu ng th tch, pH ca dung dch thu c l: A. 1 B. 7 C. 13 D. 12 Cu 19: Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X. Ga tr pH ca dung dch X l: A. 6 B. 1 C. 7 D. 2 Cu 20: p n no sau yl sai A. pH + pOH = 14 B. [H+] = 10a th pH = a
C. [H+] . [OH-] = 10-14
D. pH = - lg[H+]
Cac Cong Thc Hoa Hoc Dung Cho Giai Hoa Vo C 1: Cong thc tnh khoi lng Muoi clorua khi cho kim loai tac dung vi d d HCl giai phong kh H2 mmuoiclorua = mkl + 71 nH2 2:Cong thc tnh khoi lng muoi sunfat khi cho kim loai tac dung vi dd H2SO4 loang giai phong H2 mmuoi = mkl + 96 nH2 3:Cong thc tnh khoi lng muoi sunfat khi cho kim loai tac dung vi dd H2SO4 ac tao san pham kh SO2 , S, H2S M muoi sunfat = mkl + 96/2(2nSO2 + 6nS + 8nH2S ) = m kl + 96(nSO2 + 3n S 4n H2S) Lu y : San pham kh nao ko co th bo qua NH2SO4 = 2nSO2 + 4n S + 5n H2S 4:Cong thc tnh khoi lng muoi nitrat khi cho kim loai tac dung vi dd HNO3 giai phong kh NO2 , NO3 ,N2O, N2 , NH4NO3 mmuoi = mkl + 62(nNO2 + 3nNO + 8nN2O + 10 N2 + 8nNH4NO3 ) Lu y : San pham kh nao ko co th bo qua mmuoi nitrat = 2nNO2 + 4n NO + 10nN2O + 12 N2 + 10 n NH4NO3 5:Cong thc tnh khoi lng Muoi clorua khi cho muoi cacbonat tac dung vi dd HCl giai phong kh CO2 va H2O mmuoi clorua = mmuoi cacbonat + 11n CO2 6:Cong thc tnh khoi lng Muoi sunfat khi cho muoi cacbonat tac dung vi dd H2SO4 loang giai phong kh CO2 va H2O mmuoi sunfat = mmuoi cacbonat + 36n CO2 7:Cong thc tnh khoi lng Muoi clorua khi cho muoi sunfit tac dung vi dd HCl giai phong kh SO2 va H2O mmuoi clorua = mmuoi sunfit - 9n SO2 8:Cong thc tnh khoi lng Muoi sunfat khi cho muoi suufit tac dung vi dd H2SO4 loang giai phong kh CO2 va H2O mmuoi sunfat = mmuoi cacbonat + 16n CO2 9:Cong thc tnh so mol oxit khi cho oxit tac dung vi dd axit tao muoi va H2O NO(Oxit) = nO(H2O) = 1/2nH (Axit) 10:Cong thc tnh khoi lng Muoi sunfat khi cho Oxit Kim loai tac dung vi dd H2SO4 loang tao muoi sunfat va H2O Oxit + dd H2SO4 loang Muoi sunfat + H2O : mmuoi sunfat = mOxit + 80n H2SO4 11:Cong thc tnh khoi lng Muoi clorua khi cho Oxit Kim loai tac dung vi dd HCl tao muoi clorua va H2O M Muoi clorua = mOxit + 55nH2O = mOxit + 27,5nHCl 12:Cong thc tinh khoi lng kim loai khi cho Oxit kim loai tac dung vi cac chat kh nh :CO, H2 , Al , C mkimloai = mOxit - mO (Oxit) nO(oxit)= n CO = nH2 = nCO2 = nH2O Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 181
13: Cong thc tnh so mol kim loai khi cho kim loai tac dung vi H2O, axit,dd bazo kiem , dd NH3 giai phong H2 Nkl= 2/n x n H2 vi la hoa tr cua kim loai 14 : Cong thc tnh the tch CO2 can hap thu het vao mot dd Ca(OH)2 hoac Ba(OH)2 e thu c 1 lng ket tua theo yeu cau Ta co 2 ket qua nCO2 =n ket tua ( ng vi the tch nho nhat CO2) nCO2 = n OH (ng vi the tch ln nhat CO2) 15 :Cong thc tnh the tch dd NaOH can cho vao dd Al 3+ e xuat hien ket tua theo yeu cau - n OH- = 3 n ket tua : n OH- = 4 n Al 3+ - n Ket tua 16: cong thc tinh hte thch dd NaOH can cho vao hh dd Al 3+ va + H e xuat hien 1 lng ket tua theo yeu cau Ta co 2 ket qua - nOH- (min) = 3 n ket tua + n H+ -nOH- (max)= 4n Al3+ - n ket tua + n H+ 17: Cong thc tinh the tch dd HCl can cho vao dd NaAlO2 hoac Na[Al(OH)4] e xuat hien 1 lng ket tua theo yeu cau Ta co 2 ket qua: n H+ = n ket tua n H+ = 4 n Al O2- - 3 n ket tua 18: : Cong thc tinh the tch dd HCl can cho vao hh dd NaOH va NaAlO2 hoac Na[Al(OH)4] e xuat hien 1 lng ket tua theo yeu cau Ta co 2 ket qua N H+ = n ket tua + n OHn H+ = 4 n Al O2- - 3 n ket tua + n OH19:Cong thc tnh the tch dd NaOH can cho vao hh dd Zn2+ e xuat hien 1 lng ket tua theo yeu cau Ta co 2 ket qua - nOH- (Min) = 2 n ket tua -nOH- (Max) = 4 n Zn2+ - 2 n ket tua 20: cong thc tinh khoi lng muoi thu c khi hoa tan het hh Fe va cac oxit Fe bang HNO3 loang giai phong kh NO mMuoi = 242/80(mhh + 24 n NO ) 21:cong thc tinh khoi lng muoi thu c khi hoa tan het hh Fe va cac oxit Fe bang HNO3 ac, nong d giai phong kh NO2 mMuoi = 242/80(mhh + 8 n NO2 ) 22: cong thc tinh khoi lng muoi thu c khi hoa tan het hh Fe va cac oxit Fe bang HNO3 d giai phong kh NO2 , NO m Muoi = 242/80(mhh + 24nNO + 8 n NO2 ) 23: cong thc tinh khoi lng muoi thu c khi hoa tan het hh Fe , FeO, Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 bang H2SO4 ac ,nong d giai phong kh SO2 + mMuoi = 400/160 (mhh + 16n SO2 ) 24:cong thc tnh khoi lng Fe a dung ban au , biet oxi hoa khoi lng Fe nay bang oxi c hh ran X . Hoa tan het X vi HNO3 ac, nong d giai phong kh NO2 + mFe = 56/80 ( m hh + 8 n NO2 ) Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 182
25: cong thc tnh khoi lng Fe a dung ban au , biet oxi hoa khoi lng Fe nay bang oxi c hh ran X . Hoa tan het X vi HNO3 loang giai phong kh NO + mFe = 56/80 ( m hh +24 n NO2 ) *Chu y: Cac cong thc t 20 25 co the dung chung cong thc sau : * mFe = 0,7 m X + 5,6 n SPK nhan So e e tao ra san pham kh * mCu = 0,8 m X + 6,4 n SPK nhan So e e tao ra san pham kh
Vn 8
NIT V HP CHT
I BI TP T LUN
I.1 Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng
Bi 1. Lp cc phng trnh ha hc v cho bit As, Bi v Sb2O3 th hin tnh cht g? a)As+HNO3 H3AsO4+NO2+H2O b)Bi+HNO3 Bi(NO3)3+NO+H2O c)Sb2O3+HCl SbCl3+H2O d)Sb2O3+NaOH NaSbO2+H2O Bi 2. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ha hc sau y : 0 1. ? + OH 2. (NH4)3PO4 t NH3 + ? NH3 + ? 0 0 3. NH4Cl + NaNO2 t ? + ? + ? 4. (NH4)2Cr2O7 t N2 + Cr2O3 + ? Bi 3. Lp phng trnh ha hc cho cc phn ng sau : a)Fe+HNO3(c, nng) NO2+..... b)Fe+HNO3(long) NO+.... c)Ag+HNO3(c, nng) NO2+..... d)P+ HNO3(c) NO2+.H3PO4+... Bi 4. Lp cc phng trnh ha hc sau y : 0 1. Fe +HNO3 (c) t NO2 + ? + ? 2. Fe +HNO3 (long) NO + ? + ? 3.FeO+HNO3 (long) NO + ? + ? 4.Fe2O3 +HNO3 (long) ? + ? 5.FeS +H+ + NO 3 N2O + ? + ? + ? Bi 5. S phn ng sau y cho thy r vai tr ca thin nhin v co ngi trong vic chuyn nit t kh quyn vo trong t, cung cp ngun phn m cho cy ci :
+ N2 + X NO M + H + ( 2 X (6) NO X ) NO2 + X
2
O+
( 1 )
2
(5)
Ca(NO3)2 ( 3 ) ( 4 ) + X 2 O+ H + M + X Y NH4NO3 NO2 ( 9 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 )

+ O D + O+ HO E
H Y
Bi 6. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc thc hin cc s chuyn ha sau :

a) NH3 + C t u O A (kh) + C NH3 t , p , x t t , x t
2
a O t H G

b) NO2 (6) (7) ( 8 ) HNO3
t0
( 1 ) NO
( 2 )
( 3 ) NH3 ( 9 ) CuO
O2
( 5 ) N2 NO
( 4 )
Cu(NO3)2
O2
( 1 0 ) Cu
H2O Cu
t0
Bi 7. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc thc hin dy bin ho sau:
N2 A2 A3 A4 A05 A3 A1 t Bi 8. Hon thnh cc s phn ng sau: a. NH4NO2 N2 + H2O b. NH4NO3 N2O + H2O c. (NH4)2SO4 +NaOH NH3 + Na2SO4 +H2O d. (NH4)2CO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2O e. P + H2SO4 ? +? + ? f. P+ HNO3 + H2O ? + NO g. FexOy+HNO3 c h. Al+ HNO3l ? + NO + H2O i. Fe3O4+HNO3.n ? + NO2 + H2O j. M + HNO3 M(NO3)n + NxOy + H2O k. N2 NH3NONO2HNO3Cu(NO3)2CuOCuCuCl2Cu(OH)2 [Cu(NH3)4] (OH)2
1)
NH4NO2
(1)
N2
(2)
NH3
(3)
NO
(4)
NO2
(5)
HNO3 (6)
NH3
(8)
Fe(OH)2
(7)
NH4NO3
Bi 9. Vit phng trnh ha hc th hin dy chuyn ha (ghi y iu kin) a) N2 NO NO2 HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 NO2. b) NH4NO3 N2 NO2 NaNO3 O2. NH3 Cu(OH)2 [Cu(NH3)4]OH Bi 10. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng nhit phn cc mui NH4Cl, NH4NO2, NH4HCO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)2CO3, NaNO3, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2, Hg(NO3)2. Bi 11. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ha hc gia cc cht sau. Cho bit phn ng no th hin tnh axit? phn ng no th hin tnh oxi ha mnh? a) HNO3 + NaOH; b) HNO3 (long) + CuO; c) HNO3 (c, nng) + Mg. d) HNO3 (long) + FeCO3; e) HNO3 (c, nng) + S; g) HNO3 (c, nng) + Fe(OH)2. Bi 12. Nhng cp cht no sau y khng tn ti trong dung dch. Vit phng trnh ion thu gn. a) NH4NO3 + Ca(OH)2 b) Cu(NO3)2 + KOH c) NaNO3 + HCl d) KNO3 + H2SO4 + Cu e) Al(NO3)3 + NaOHd f) FeCl3 + KOHd Bi 13. 1. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2 + H2O 7. Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O 2. Al + HNO3 8. FeO + HNO3 long 3. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + NO + H2O 9. Fe3O4 + HNO3 long Al(NO3)3 + N2O + NO + NO2+ 4. Al + HNO3 10. Fe(OH)2 + HNO3 NO + + H2O 11. FeCO3 + HNO3 NO + CO2 + + Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O. 5. Cu + HNO3 long 12. FeS + HNO3 NO + H2SO4+ + 6. Cu + HNO3 c Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O. 13. FeS2 + HNO3 NO + H2SO4+ + Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 184
14. CuFeS2 + HNO3 NO + H2SO4+ ++ 15. C + HNO3 c 16. P + HNO3 c 17. S + HNO3 c
18. CuS + HNO3 NO + H2SO4 ++. 19. Cu2S + HNO3 NO + H2SO4 ++. 20. Fe2O3 + HNO3
I.2 Vit phng trnh v gii thch hin tng

Bi 1. Nit l nguyn t phi kim c m in tng i ln. Ti sao nhit thng nit li km hot ng ha hc. Bi 2. Trong phng th nghim, N2 c iu ch bng phng php no? Trong cng nghip c s dng phng php khng? V sao? Trong cng nghip iu ch nit bng cch no? Bi 3. Nguyn liu tng hp amoniac trong cng nghip? Dng nhng bin php g thu c nhiu NH3 Bi 4. Dn khng kh c ln hi nc ln lt i qua dd H2SO4 m c, dd Ca(OH)2 v vn ng d nung .Cht no s b tng cht trn hp th?Cht cn li sau cng l g? Vit cc phng trnh dng phn t ,ion v ion thu gn. Bi 5. Hin tng g xy ra khi tin hnh cc th nghim sau ? 1. cho kh amoniac ly d tc dng vi ng (II) oxit khi un nng. 2. cho kh amoniac ly d tc dng vi kh clo. 3. cho kh amoniac tc dng vi oxi khng kh khi c platin lm cht xc tc nhit 850 9000C. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc minh ha. Bi 6. Chn 2 mui A, B tho mn k: - mui A + mui B Khng P - mui A +Cu Khng P - mui B + Cu Khng P - mui A + mui B + Cu c P Vit PTP, nu vai tr ca tng cht tham gia P. Bi 7. Vit phng trnh v gii thch hin tng trong cc trng hp sau: a) Sc t t dung dch NH3 ti d vo dung dch AlCl3. b) Sc t t dung dch NH3 ti d vo dung dch CuSO4. c) Cho Ca tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 rt long thi c kh mi khai v mt kh khng mu (tc dng vi oxi gy ra phn ng n). Bi 8. Cho 1 mu km tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh NO, N2O. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th thu c mt kh lm xanh giy qu m. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bi 9 (HQGHN 1999) Cho mt lng Cu2S tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 un nng. Phn ng to thnh dung dch A1 v lm gii phng kh A2 khng mu v b ho nu trong khng kh. Chia A1 lm 2 phn.Thm dung dch BaCl2 vo phn 1, thy to thnh kt ta trng A3 thc t khng tan trong axit d. Thm lng d dung dch NH3 vo phn 2, ng thi khuy u hn hp thu c dung dch A4 c mu xanh lam m. a. Hy ch ra A1,A2,A3,A4 l g ? b. Vit cc phong trnh phn ng m t cc qu trnh ho hc va nu trn. Bi 10. Cho 1 lng Cu2S tc dng hon ton vi dd HNO3 un nng to thnh dd A1 v gii phng kh A2 khng mu ho nu trong khng kh. Chia A2 thnh 2 phn - Thm dung dch BaCl2 vo phn 1 to ra kt ta trng A3 thc t khng tan trong axit d - Thm lng d NH3 vo phn 2, khuy u thu c dd A4 mu xanh lam m. a. Xc nh A1, A2, A3, A4 b. Vit phng trnh phn ng
I.3 Nhn bit tch cht

Bi 1. Phn bit cc cht ng ring bit trong cc bnh khc nhau: 1. Cc kh: N2, NH3, CO2, NO. 2. Cc kh: NH3, SO2, H2, O2, N2, Cl2. 3. Cht rn: P2O5, N2O5, NaNO3, NH4Cl. 4. Cht rn: NH4NO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3. 5. dd cha: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4. 6. dd Na3PO4, NH3, NaOH, NH4NO3, HNO3 Bi 2. Nhn bit bng: a) qu tm Ba(OH)2, H2SO4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH3. b) mt thuc th: NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, Fe(NO3)3. Bi 3. Tch v tinh ch: a) Tinh ch N2 khi b ln CO2, H2S. b) Tch tng cht ra khi hhp kh: N2, NH3, CO2. c) Tch tng cht ra khi hhp rn NH4Cl, NaCl, MgCl2. Bi 4. Nhn bit cc l mt nhn cha cc kh:NH3,NO2,CO2 v NO Bi 5 Tinh ch NH3 trong hn hp gm :NH3,NO,SO2 v CO2. Bi 6. Tch ri tng cht ra khi hn hp sau: a.NH3,NO,SO2. c.N2, CO2,H2S b.NH3,CO2,N2,H2 Bi 7. Nhn bit cc cht bt ng trong cc l mt nhn: NH4Cl,(NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2CO3, NH4NO3. Bi 8. Ch dng qu tm,khng c dng ho cht no khc,hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau:HCl,NaOH,Na2CO3, (NH4)2SO4 v CaCl2. Bi 9 Ch dng mt ho cht duy nht phn bit cc dung dch : NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4,MgSO4 v NaCl. Bi 10. Dng mt ho cht nhn bit cc dd : (NH4)2SO4, NH4 NO3, FeSO4 v AlCl3. Bi 11. C 5 bnh ng ring bit 5 cht kh:N2,O2,NH3,Cl2 v CO2.Hy a ra mt th nghim n gin nht nhn ra bnh ng kh NH3. Bi 12. Cho hn hp kh sau:N2,CO2,SO2,Cl2,HCl.Lm th no thu c N2 tinh khit t hn hp trn.Gii thch cch lm v vit cc phng trnh ho hc (nu c). Bi 13.Nhn bit cc cht ng trong cc l mt nhn: NH3,HCl,H2S,SO2. Bi 14.Ch dng mt ho cht duy nht hy phn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn sau: NH4Cl,MgCl2,FeCl2,NH4Al(SO4)2,NH4Fe(SO4)2. Bi 15. Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit cc cht sau a. HNO3, NaCl, HCl, NaNO3. b. (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, KCl, KNO3. c. NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, NaNO3. d. Na3PO4, NaCl, NaNO3, HNO3, H3PO4 e. HNO3, HCl, H2SO4, H2S. f. KNO3, HNO3, K2SO4, H2SO4, KCl, HCl. g. Mg(NO3)2, MgCl2, MgSO4, CuSO4, CuCl2, Cu(NO3)2. Bi 16. C 4 ng nghim nh s 1, 2, 3, 4, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau: Na 2CO3 , HCl, FeCl2 , NH4HCO3. Ly ng 1 vo ng 3 thy c kt ta. Ly ng 3 vo ng 4 thy c kh bay ra. Hi ng no ng dung dch g? Bi 17. Lm th no nhn bit s c mt ng thi ca cc ion sau y trong mt dung dch: Na + , NH4+ , CO32- , HCO3-. Bi 18. Trong mt dung dch c cha ng thi cc ion sau: NH4+ , SO42-, HCO3-, CO32-.Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit cc ion . Bi 19: Bng phng php ho hc hy chng t s c mt ng thi ca cc ion sau y trong mt dung dch: NH4+, Fe3+, NO3-. Bi 20: Ch dng qu tm, dung dch HCl v dung dch Ba(OH)2 c th nhn bit c cc ion no sau y trong cng mt dung dch: Na+, NH4+, HCO3-, CO32-, SO42-, SO32-. Bi 21: Hy tm cch nhn bit cc ion ( tr H+ v OH- )c mt trong dung dch cha hn hp cc cht sau bng phng php ho hc: AlCl3 , NH4Cl, BaCl2, MgCl2. Bi 22: Dung dch A cha cc ion sau y: Na+, CO32-, SO32-, SO42-. Bng nhng phn ng ho hc no c th nhn bit c cc ion trong dung dch. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 186
I.4 Bi ton nh lng

I.4.1 Hiu sut phn ng
Bi 1: Mt hn hp A gm hai kh N2 v H2 theo t l mol 1 : 3 cho chng phn ng vi nhau to NH3. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh B . T khi hi ca A i vi B l 0,6 .Tnh hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH3 . Bi 2:Cho mt bnh kn dung tch 112 lt trong cha N 2 v H2 theo t l th tch 1:4 OoC v 200 at ( xc tc thch hp ) nung nng bnh mt thi gian sau a v nhit O oC thy p sut trong bnh gim 10% so vi p sut ban u . a) Tnh H % phn ng . b)Nu ly 12,5% lng NH3 to thnh iu ch c bao nhiu lt dung dch NH 3 25% ( d= 0,907 g/ml ) . Bi 3: un nng hn hp gm 200 gam NH4Cl v 200 gam CaO .T lng kh NH3 to ra iu ch c 224 ml dung dch NH3 30% ( d= 0,829 g/ml ) . Tnh H% phn ng un nng . Bi 4: Nn mt hn hp gm 4 lit N2 v 14 lit H2 trong bnh phn ng ( to >400 oC v xc tc thch hp ). Sau phn ng thu c 16,4 lit hn hp kh ( cng k to v p ) . Tm H% . Bi 5 : T 112 lit N2 v 392 lit H2 to ra c 34 gam NH3 .Tnh H % phn ng ( V o ktc ) Bi 6 : Cn ly bao nhiu lit N2 v H2 to ra c 201,6 lit NH3 .Bit H% =18% ( V o ktc) . Bi 7: Lng NH3 tng hp c t 28 m3 hn hp N2 v H2 (ktc) c t l th tch l 1: 4 , em iu ch dung dch NH3 20% , d= 0,925 kg/l . Tnh th tch dung dch NH3 thu c bit H%=96% . Bi 8: Trong mt bnh kn cha 90mol N2 v 310 mol H2 , lc u c p sut bng p=200 atm . Nhit gi cho khng i n khi phn ng t n trng thi cn bng . Tnh p sut ca hn hp kh khi . Bit H%=20% . Bi 9: Hn hp kh N2 v H2 c t l th tch l 1:4 c nn ti p sut 252,56 atm v dn vo bnh phn ng c dung tch 20 lit, nhit trong bnh l 497 oC c gi khng i trong qu trnh phn ng . a)Tnh s mol N2 v H2 c lc u . b)Tnh s mol mi kh khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng bit H%=25% . c)Tnh p sut ca hn hp kh khi . Bi 10 : Mt hn hp kh gm N2 v H2 c t khi i vi H2 bng 3,6 .Sau khi un nng mt thi gian h t ti trng thi cn bng th t khi ca hn hp sau phn ng i vi H2. bng 4,5 a)Xc nh %V hn hp trc v sau phn ng . b) Tnh H% .
I.4.2 Xc nh thnh phn hn hp kh v p sut

Bi1 : Mt bnh kn dung tch 14 lit cha 14gam Nit Oo C . Tnh p . Bi 2: Trn 50 lit hn hp kh gm NO v N2 c t l s mol l 1:1 vi 50 lit khng kh .Tnh th tch kh NO2 to ra . (cc th tch kh o cng k ) Bi 3: Trn ln 60ml NH3 v 60ml O2 ri cho i qua ng ng cht xc tc Pt ( nhit cao). Hn hp kh i ra c lm ngui ,hi nc ngng t . Tnh %V mi kh trong hn hp cn li Bi4: Thc hin phn ng vi 17,92 lit NH3 v 120 gam CuO . a)Tnh th tch N2 .(ktc) Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 187
b)Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 ,n c nng 55% v d=1,427 g/ml lm tan ht cht rn thu c sau phn ng . Bi 5: Dung dch NH3 25% c d= 0,91 g/ml . a)Trong 100ml dung dch c ha tan bao nhiu lit NH3 (ktc) . b)Tnh th tch dung dch NH3 lm kt ta ht cation Al 3+ c trong 100ml dung dch Al2 (SO4 )3 1,115 M . Bi 6: Dn 8,96lit NH3 (ktc) cho tan vo 200ml dung dch H2 SO4 1,5M .Tnh nng cc mui c trong dung dch thu c . Bi 7: Ngi ta iu ch axit nitric t nguyn liu chnh l N2 . Ngi ta phi dng ht 168ml N2 (ktc) . Tnh khi lng dung dch HNO3 50,4% thu c. Bi 8 : Ngi ta iu ch axit nitric t nguyn liu chnh l N2 .Ngi ta phi dng ht 168 ml N2 (ktc ) vi H% = 80% . Tnh khi lng dung dch HNO3 50,4% thu dc . Bi 9: un nng 127 gam hn hp hai mui (NH4 )CO3 v NH4HCO3 hn hp phn hy ht thnh kh v hi nc. Lm ngui sn phm n 27 oC thu c 86,1 lit hn hp kh , di p sut 1 atm .Tnh t l s mol hai mui trong hn hp . Bi 10 : Hn hp kh N2 v H2 c t khi vi H2 bng 4,25 .Tnh %V mi kh trong hn hp . Bi 11 : A v B l hai oxit ca Nit c cng %N = 30,45% . Bit A c t khi so vi O2 bng 1,4375 . B to thnh t hai phn t A ha hp vi nhau . Xc nh CTPT ca A v B . Bi12 : Mt bnh kn cha 4mol N2 v 16mol H2 c p sut l 400atm khi t trng thi cn bng th N2 tham gia phn ng l 25% . Cho nhit bnh gi khng i . a)Tnh s mol kh sau phn ng . b) Tnh p sut hn hp kh sau phn ng . 15 Bi 13 : Mt hn hp kh gm NO v NxOy c M = 36,4 v d NO / N x O y = .Tnh %V mi kh . 23 Bi 14: Mt hn hp kh X gm 3 oxit ca Nit : NO ; NO2 ; Nx Oy bit %VNO =45% , %VNO2 =15% , % m NO =23,6% . Xc nh cng thc NxOy .
I.4.3 Bi tp nhit phn mui nitrat

Bi 1: Nhit phn a(g) mui Cu(NO3)2 , sau mt thi gian dng li, ngui v em cn thy khi lng gim i 27g. a. Tnh khi lng Cu(NO3)2 b phn hu b. Tnh th tch cc kh thot ra kc Bi 2: Nung nng AgNO3 sau mt thi gian dng li ngui v em cn thy khi lng gim i 31g a. Tnh lng AgNO3 ban u bit AgNO3 b phn hu chim 65% v khi lng b. Tnh th tch cc kh thot ra ( 27,30C v 2atm) Bi 3: Nhit phn hon ton 27,3g hh NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Hh kh thot ra c dn vo 89,2ml nc th cn d 1,12lit kh kc khng b hp th (lng O2 ho tan khng ng k) a. Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hh u b. Tnh nng % ca dd axit Bi 4: Hp cht A l 1 mui ca Nit rt khng bn, d b nhit phn ( nhit thng phn hu chm), khi 1mol cht A to 2 cht kh v 1 cht trng thi hi, mi cht 1mol. Phn t khi ca A l 79. CT ca hp cht A? Bi 5: Nhit phn hon ton 18,8g mui nitrat ca 1 kim loi ho tr 2 khng i thu c 8g 1 oxit. Xnh CT mui nitrat? Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 188
Bi 6: Hh X khi lng 21,52g gm KL ha tr 2 (khng phi l KL mnh) v mui nt ca n. Nung X trong bnh kn n hon ton c cht rn Y. Bit Y p va ht vi 600ml dd H2SO4 0,2M v Y cng p va ht vi 380ml dd HNO3 1,333M to NO. Xc nh KL? Bi 7: Nung 16,39g cht rn X gm KCl, KClO3, KNO3 n khi lng khng i c cht rn Y v 3,584lit kh Z. Cho Y vo dd AgNO3 d thu c 20,09g kt ta. Tnh khi lng KClO3 trong X? Bi 8: Cho 6,24g hh gm 1 Kl ho tr 2 v oxit ca n tc dng vi 220ml dd HNO3 1M thu c kh NO v dd Y. C cn Y ri ly cht rn nung ti khi lng khng i c 7,2g cht rn. Xc nh KL? Bi 9: Nung 67.2g hn hp Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2 sau p thu c 4.48l it kh oxi(ktc). Cht rn sau khi nung c khi lng bng bao nhiu? Bi10: Cho 17,7 gam hn hp Cu, Zn, Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch X, c cn dung dch X thu c 67,3gam mui khan( khng c NH4NO3 ).Nung hn hp mui khan ny n khi lng khng i th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn. Bi11: Nung m gam hn hp X gm Zn(NO3)2 v NaNO3 nhit cao n phn ng hon ton thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh Y (ktc). Cho kh hp th vo nc thu c 2 lt dung dch Z v cn li thot ra 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Xc nh pH ca dung dch Z. Bi 12: Nhit phn hon ton R(NO3)2 thu c 8 gam oxit kim loi v 5,04 lt hn hp kh X ( NO2 v O2). Khi lng ca hn hp kh X l 10 gam. Xc nh cng thc ca mui X. Bi 13: Nung nng Fe(NO3)2 trong mt bnh kn khng c oxi, c cht rn A v kh B. Dn B vo mt cc nc c dung dch C. Cho ton b A vo dung dch C. Gi thit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca A tan trong C Bi 14: Nung 9,4 gam M(NO3)n trong binh kin co V bng 0,5 lit cha khi N2. Nhit va ap sut trong binh trc khi nung la 0,984 atm 270C. Sau khi nung mui bi nhit phn ht thi con lai 4 gam cht rn la M2On . Sau o a binh v 270C thi ap sut trong binh la p. Xc nh mui em nhit phn. Bi 15 (CSP Bc Giang- 1999) Nhit phn hon ton 3,78 gam hn hp gm hai mui Al(NO3)3 v AgNO3 ngi ta thu c 8,4 lt hn hp kh ( ktc) v cht rn A gm mt xt kim loi v mt kim loi. 1. Tnh phn trm mi mui trong hn hp u. 2. Tnh khi lng dung dch NaOH 4M (d = 1,15 gam/ml) c th ho tan ti a lng cht rn A. Bi 16 Nung nng 4,43 gam hn hp NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 n phn ng hon ton thu c kh A c t khi so vi H2 bng 19,5. a) Tnh th tch kh A (ktc). b) Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u. c) Cho kh A hp th vo 198,92 ml nc thu c dung dch B v cn li kh C bay ra. Tnh nng % ca dung dch B v th tch kh C ktc. Bi 17. Nung nng 302,5 gam mui Fe(NO3)3 mt thi gian ri ngng li v ngui. Cht rn X cn li c khi lng l 221,5 gam. a) Tnh khi lng mui phn hy. b) Tnh th tch cc kh thot ra (ktc). c) Tnh t l s mol ca mui v oxit c trong cht rn X.
I.4.4 Bi tp HNO3
Bi 1: Ha tan 4,59 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O .Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi H2 bng 16,75 . Tnh th tch mi kh . Bi 2: Cho 11 gam hn hp Al v Fe vo dung dch HNO 3 long ,d th c 6,72 lit (ktc) kh NO bay ra tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp . Bi 3: Mt lng 13,5 gam Al tc dng va vi 2,2 lit dung dch HNO3 cho bay ra mt hn hp kh NO v N2O .T khi ca hn hp kh so vi H2 bng 19,2 . a)Tnh s mol mi kh to ra . Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 189
b)Tnh nng ca axit u. Bi 4: Mt lng 8,32 gam Cu tc dng va vi 240ml dung dch HNO 3 cho 4,928 lit (ktc) hn hp gm hai kh NO v NO2 bay ra . a)Tnh s mol mi kh to ra b)Tnh nng ca dung dch axit u . Bi 5: Ha tan ht 4,431 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO 3 long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lit (ktc) hn hp hai kh u khng mu c khi lng 2,59 gam trong c mt kh ha nu trong khng kh . a) Tnh % m mi kim loi trong hn hp . b) Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng . S. 1/ %Al=12,8% 2/ [HNO3]=2,45M 3/ m=28,301g Bi 6: Ha tan 62,1 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO 3 long c 16,8 lit hn hp kh X (ktc) gm hai kh khng mu khng ha nu ngoi khng kh ; t khi ca hn hp so vi H2 bng 17,2 . a) Xc nh cng thc phn t mui to thnh . b) Nu s dng dung dch HNO3 2M th th tch dng l bao nhiu , bit rng ly d 25% so vi lng cn thit . Bi 7: Nu cho 9,6 gam Cu tc dng vi 180ml dung dch HNO3 1M thu c V1 lit kh NO v dung dch A . Nu cho 9,6 gam Cu tc dng vi 180ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO 3 1M v H2 SO4 0,5M th thu c V2 lit kh NO v dung dch B .Tnh V1 / V2 Bi 8: Chia hn hp Cu v Al lm hai phn bng nhau : Mt phn cho vo dung dch HNO3 c ngui th c 8,96lit kh mu nu bay ra . Mt phn cho vo dung dch HCl th c 6,72 lit kh H2 bay ra . Xc nh %m mi kim loi trong hn hp . Bi 9: Mt lng 60gam hn hp Cu v CuO tan ht trong 3lit dung dch HNO 3 1M cho 13,44 lit (ktc) kh NO bay ra a)Tnh %m mi cht trong hn hp . b) Tnh nng ca mui v axit trong dung dch thu c . Bi 10: Dung dch HNO3 long tc dng vi hn hp gm Zn v ZnO to ra dung dch c cha hai mui ; trong khi lng mui Zn(NO3 )2 l 113,4gam v khi lng mui th hai l 8gam . Tnh %m ca Zn v ZnO trong hn hp . Bi 11: Cho 0,09 mol Cu tc dng va vi 120ml dung dch A gm HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thu c V lit kh NO (ktc) . Tnh V v khi lng mui thu c l bao nhiu . Bi 12 : c 34,8 gam hn hp gm Al, Fe , Cu . Chia hn hp lm hai phn bng nhau : -Mt phn cho vo HNO3 c , ngui th c 4,48 lit (ktc) mt cht kh bay ra . -Mt phn cho vo dung dch HCl th c 8,96 lit(ktc) mt cht kh bay ra . Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp . Bi 13: Cho 6,4gam lu hunh ( S ) vo 154ml dung dch HNO3 60% ( d= 1,367g/ml ) .un nng nh , lu hunh tan ht v c kh NO bay ra . Tnh C% cc axit c trong dung dch thu c . Bi 14: Cho P gam hn hp gm Al , Fe , Cu vo 200 gam dung dch HNO 3 63% . Sau khi phn ng hon ton c dung dch A v bay ra 7,168 lit kh NO (27,3o C ; 1,1 at) . Chia A lm hai phn bng nhau Phn 1 tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch NH3 thu c 3,41 gam kt ta Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 190
Phn 2 tc dng mt lng d dung dch NaOH . Sau phn ng ly kt ta nung n khi lng khng i c 2,4 gam cht rn . Xc nh P gam v %m mi kim loi trong hn hp u . Bi 15 Cho 100 ml dung dch Cu( NO3 )2 tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch NH3 6M th thu c 19,6 gam kt ta Cu(OH)2 .Tnh nng dung dch Cu(NO3)2 . Bi 16: Hn hp X c khi lng 6,88 gam gm hai kim loi A ( ha tr I ) ,B ( ha tr II ) . ha tan lng kim loi trn cn 12 ml dung dch HNO3 90% (d=1,4 ) th va v ch thu c mt kh duy nht c mu nu . a)Nu c cn dung dch th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan . b) Xc nh A, B . Bit n A = n B Bi 17: Cho 1,08 gam mt kim loi M tc dng hon ton vi dung dch axit HNO3 long th thu uc 0,336 lit kh (ktc) c cng thc NxOy ; d NxOy / H2 =22 . Tm tn kim loi v tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng . Bi 18: Cho oxit ca kim loi M c ha tr khng i . Xc nh cng thc oxit trn bit 3,06 gam oxit ca kim loi M tan trong HNO3 d thu c 5,22 gam mui . Bi 19 : Ha tan hon ton m gam Cu vo dung dch HNO3 thu c 13,44 lit hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) . M hn hp = 40,66 . Tnh m gam Bi 20: Cho m gam Al phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 c 8,96 lit kh (ktc) hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi so vi H bng 16,5 .Tnh m gam Al . Bi 21 : Cho 4,1 gam kim loi M tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 th c 1,008lit hn hp hai kh NO v NO2 (ktc) . Sau phn ng khi lng bnh gim 1,42 gam . Tm M . Bi 22: Ha tan 0,6 gam kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,112 lit kh N2 (ktc) .Tm M . Bi 23 : Ha tan 1,35 gam kim loi R bng dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 2,24 lit kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 bng 21 . a)Tm M b)Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng . Bi 24: Ha tan hon ton 1,35 gam mt kim loi R trong 1,5 lit dung dch HNO3 0,15M thu c 0,448 lit kh NO (ktc) . a)Xc nh kim loi R . b) Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng . Bi 25: Mt oxit kim loi c cng thc MxOy trong %M =72,41 % v khi lng . Kh hon ton oxit ny bng kh CO thu c 16,8 gam kim loi M . Ha tan hon ton kng M bng HNO3 c nng thu c mui ca M v 0,9 mol kh NO2 . Xc nh oxit kim loi . Bi 26 : Ha tan hon ton 2,72g hn hp gm Fe v Fe2O3 vo trong 100ml dung dch HNO3 c, nng 2M d th thu c 1344ml kh mu nu (ktc). a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng. p n : a. %mFe = 41,2%; %m Fe 2 O 3 = 58,8% ; b. CM ( HNO 3 ) = 0,7M . Bi 27 : Cho 23,1g hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 vo dung dch HNO3 2M th thu c 1120ml kh thot ra v ha nu trong khng kh ( 0oC v 2atm ). Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 191
a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh th tch ca dung dch HNO3 cn dng khi c s hao ht 20%. p n : a.%mAl = 11,7%; %m Al 2 O 3 = 88,3% ;
b. VHNO 3 = 960ml . Bi 28 (H A 2002) : Cho18,5g hn hp Fe3O4 v Fe tc dng vi 200ml dung dch HNO3(l) un nng v khuy sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c 2240ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh (ktc) , dung dch Z1 v cn li 1,46g kim loi. a. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HNO3. b. Tnh khi lng ca dung dch mui Z1. - p n : C M ( HNO 3 ) = 3,2M ; m Z1 = 48,6g. Bi 29 : Ha tan hon ton 7,6g hn hp gm ng v st vo dung dch HNO3 2M long d th thu c 2240ml kh thot ra v kh ny ha nu trong khng kh( ktc). a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 dng, bit rng dng d 10% so vi lng phn ng. - p n : a. %mCu = 36,8%; %mFe = 63,2%; b. VHNO 3 = 440ml . Bi 30. Ha tan hon ton 3,68g hn hp gm km v nhm vo 250ml dung dch HNO 3 1M long va . Sau phn ng kt thc th thu c ba mui. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. - p n : %mZn =70,7%; %mAl=29,3%. Bi 31 : Ha tan hon ton 11,9g mt hn hp st v km vo dung dch HNO3 c ngui th thu c 3584ml kh mu nu thot ra ( ktc ) v dung dch X. a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh khi lng kt ta khi cho 96ml dung dch NaOH 2,5 M vo dung dch X. - p n : a. %mFe = 56,47%; %mZn = 43,52%; b. m = 3,96g. Bi 32 : : Ha tan hon ton 1,86g hn hp gm magi v nhm vo 75,6g dung dch HNO 3 25%. Sau phn ng kt thc th thu c 560ml kh N2O v dung dch X. a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. b. Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d = 1,28g/ml) cho vo dung dch X th thu c : lng kt ta ln nht, lng kt ta nh nht. - p n : a. %mMg =12,9%; %mAl=87,1%; b. VNaOH = 31,25ml; VNaOH = 38,75ml Bi 33: Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp nhm v ng vo dung dch HNO 3 c ngui th thu c 3584ml kh mu nu thot ra ( ktc ). Nu cng cho lng hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl va th thu c 4032ml kh thot ra ( ktc ) v dung dch X. a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh khi lng kt ta khi cho 168ml dung dch NaOH 2,5 M vo dung dch X. - p n : a. %mAl = 38,76%; %mCu = 61,24%; b. m = 4,68g. Bi 34 : Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp nhm v ng vo dung dch HNO 3 long va th thu c 3584ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh thot ra ( ktc ) v dung dch X. Nu cng cho lng hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long th thu c 2688ml kh thot ra ( ktc ). a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh khi lng kt ta khi cho 650ml dung dch NaOH 1,25 M vo dung dch X. - p n : a. %mAl = 21,95%; %mCu = 78,05%; b. mkta = 14,88g. Bi 35 : Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp km v st vo dung dch HNO3 long va th thu c 3584ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh thot ra ( ktc ) v dung dch X. Nu cng cho lng hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long th thu c 4480ml kh thot ra ( ktc ). a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. b. Nu cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau phn ng kt thc, lc ly kt ta v un nng kt ta ny trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn. - p n : a. %mFe = 36,84%; %mZn = 63,16%; b. mcht rn = 6,4g. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 192
Bi 36 Ha tan hon ton mt kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 va th thu c mt dung dch A v khng thy kh thot ra. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A th thy kh thot ra 2240ml (ktc) v 23,2g kt ta. Xc nh tn kim loi M. - p n : Magi ( Mg ). Bi 37 : Ha tan hon ton 14,89g mt hn hp gm magi, nhm v vng vo 137,97gdung dch HNO 3 th thu c 3584ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh (ktc) v 9,89g cht rn. a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch HNO3 dng. - p n : a. %mMg = 19,34%; %mAl = 14,51%; %mAu = 66,15%; b. C%ddHNO 3 = 36,5%. Bi 38 : Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp km v st vo dung dch HNO3 long va th thu c 3584ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh thot ra ( ktc ) v dung dch X. Nu cng cho lng hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long th thu c 4480ml kh thot ra ( ktc ). a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. b. Nu cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau phn ng kt thc, lc ly kt ta v un nng kt ta ny trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn. - p n : a. %mFe = 36,84%; %mZn = 63,16%; b. mcht rn = 6,4g. Bi 39 : Cho 25,8g hn hp Al v Al2O3 tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 2M thu c 2,24 lt NO ( ktc). a) Xc nh phn trm khi lng Al v phn trm khi lng Al2O3 trong hn hp ban u. b) Tm th tch dung dch HNO3 2M cn dng. Bi 40 : Ha tan hon ton 4 (g) hn hp G gm Mg v MgO vo lng va dung dch HNO3 40%, th thu c 672 ml kh N2 (kc). a) Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp G. b) Khi lng dung dch HNO3 . c) Tnh nng phn trm dung dch mui thu c. Bi 41: Cho 60 (g) hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 tc dng vi 3 lit dung dch HNO3 1M thu c 13,44 lt NO ( ktc). a) Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp ban u. b)Tm nng mol/lt cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng. Bi 42: Cho 34 g hn hp Zn v CuO tc dng va ht vi V lt dung dch HNO3 2M thu c 2,24 lt N2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch A. a) Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp u. b) Th tch dung dch HNO3 cn dng. c) Tnh nng mol/l dung dch mui thu c. Bi 43 : Cho 2,09g hn hp Cu v Al tc dng vi HNO3c v nng thu c 2,912 lt kh mu nu ( ktc) a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u b) Tnh khi lng HNO3 lm tan 2,09g hn hp. Bi 44: Cho 30,4g hn hp Cu v Fe tc dng vi 500ml dung dch HNO3 long du th thu c 8,96 lt NO ( ktc) a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. b) trung ha lng axit d trong dung dch th cn phi dng 150g dung dch NaOH 20%. Tm nng mol/l dung dch HNO3 ban u. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 193
Bi 46 : Ha tan hon ton 7,92g hn hp A gm bt Al v Cu vo lng va dung dch HNO3 th thu c dung dch B v ch thot ra kh NO duy nht c th tch 3,136 lt (kc). a) Tnh khi lng mi cht trong A. b) c cn dung dch B, nung mui thu c n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Tm m? Bi 47: Cho 4,72g hn hp A gm Fe v Cu vo dung dch HNO3 20% th phn ng va thu c dung dch B v 1,568 lt kh NO(kc) . a)Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong A. b) Tnh nng phn trm dung dch mui B. Bi 48: Ha tan ho ton m gam hn hp FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 bng dung dch HNO3 d th thu c 4,48 lt kh NO2 (kc). C cn dung dch thu c 145,2 gam mui khan. Tm m? Bi 49: Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp rn X. Ho tan rn X trong dng HNO3 d thot ra 0,56 lt kh NO (kc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm m? Bi 50 : Cho 3,52 g hn hp Cu v CuO tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 448 ml kh NO (kc) v dung dch A. a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u b) Tnh lng HNO3 lm tan 3,52g hn hp ban u. c) Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A. Tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh. Bi 51 : Ha tan hon ton 3,32g hn hp X gm bt Mg v Al vo lng va dung dch HNO3 1M th thu c dung dch Y v ch thot ra kh N2O duy nht c th tch 896 ml (kc) a) Tnh khi lng mi cht trong X. b) C cn dung dch Y ri nung n khi lng khng i. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c. Bi 52: Ha tan 3 gam hn hp Cu v Ag trong dung dch HNO3 long, d ra V lit NO (ktc). C cn dung dch thu c 7,34 g hn hp mui khan. a) Tnh khi lng mi kim loi. b) Tnh th tch NO to thnh. c) cho hm lng Cu trong hn hp ban u l 80%, ta phi cho thm bao nhiu gam Cu na vo hn hp ? Bi 53: Cho m gam hn hp A gm Al, Fe phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 d, thu c dung dch B v 11,2 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc). Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NH3 n d thu c 41,9 gam kt ta. Tnh m v % (m) mi kim loi trong A. Bi 54: Cho Mg phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long d, thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh X gm NO, N2O. Cho dung dch A phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kh lm xanh giy qu tm m v mt cht kt ta. Vit phng trnh ha hc dng phn t v ion rut gn. Bi 55: Ha tan ht 14,4 gam hn hp Fe v Mg trong HNO3 long d thu c dung dch A v 2,352 lit (ktc) hn hp 2 kh N2 v N2O c khi lng 3,74 gam. a) Tnh %(m) ca mi kim loi trong hh ? b) Tnh s mol HNO3 ban u, bit lng HNO3 d 10% so vi lng cn thit. Bi 56. Ha tan hon ton 2,5g mt hn hp gm ng, st v vng vo dung dch HNO 3 25% th thu c 672ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh (ktc) v 0,02g b rn khng tan. a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 194
b. Tnh khi lng dung dch HNO3 dng. - p n : a. %mCu = 76,8%; %mFe = 22,4%; %mAu = 0,8%;
b. m ddHNO 3 = 30,24g.
Bi 57. (H khi B 2002) Cho hn hp A c khi lng m gam gm Al v FexOy. Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm hn hp A trong iu kin khng c khng kh, c hn hp B. Nghin nh, trn u B ri chia thnh 2 phn. Phn 1 c khi lng 14,49 gam c ha tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 un nng, c dung dch C v 3,696 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Cho phn 2 tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH un nng thy gii phng 0,336 lt H2 (ktc) v cn li 2,52 gam cht rn. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Xc nh cng thc oxit st v tnh m. Bi 58. (H khi B 2003) Cho hn hp FeS2, FeCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh B gm NO2 v CO2. Thm dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch A. Hp th hn hp kh B bng dung dch NaOH d. Vit cc phng trnh phn t v ion thu gn. Bi 59: C Cng Nghip 2001 Cho m gam bt Al tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v 0,1792 lt hn hp kh NO v N2 (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 14,25. Tnh m? Bi 60. H Quc Gia TPHCM 2001 t chy x mol Fe bi O2 thu c 5,04 gam hn hp A gm cc oxit st. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v NO2, t khi hi ca Y i vi H2 l 19. Tnh x Bi 61. Trng C SP Vnh Phc 2005 Cho a gam bt Al tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c dung dch A ch cha mt mui duy nht v 0,1792 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO, N2 c t khi so vi H2 l 14,25. Tnh a Bi 62. C SP H Nam 2005 Cho m gam hn hp Fe, Fe3O4 v CuO c s mol bng nhau tc dng va vi 2000 ml dung dch HNO3 nng C mol/lt thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) a. Tnh m v C b. Dng CO d kh hon ton m gam hn hp trn nhit cao thnh kim loi. Kh to thnh cho hp th ht vo 400 ml dd Ca(OH)2 2M. Tnh Lng kt ta Bi 63: H An Ninh 2001 Tin hnh hai th nghip sau: a. Cho 4 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch HNO3 0,2M khi phn ng kt thc thu c V1 lt kh (ktc) NO duy nht. b. Cho 4 gam bt Cu tc dng vi hn hp 100 ml dung dch HNO3 0,2M v H2SO4 0,2M khi phn ng kt thc thu c V2 lt kh (ktc) NO duy nht Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra di dng ion rt gn. So snh cc th tch kh NO trong 2 th nghim trn. Bi 64: H Thu Li 2001 - Nu cho 9,6 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 180 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thu c V1 lt kh NO v dung dch A. - Nu cho 9,6 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 180 ml dung dch hn hp HNO 3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thu c V2 lt kh NO v dung dch B. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 195
Tnh t s V1 : V2 v khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch B (bit cc th tch do ktc, hiu sut cc phn ng l 100%, kh NO l duy nht trong cc phn ng) Bi 65: dung dch A cha 2 cht tan l H2SO4 v Mg(NO3)2. 50ml dung dch A phn ng va vi 30 ml dung dch NaOH 7,41% (d= 1,08g/ml). Lc ly kt ta sau phn ng em nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i, c 0,8 gam cht rn. a. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch A. b. Cho 0,36 gam Cu vo 50 ml dung dch A th ch thu c kh NO duy nht. Hy tnh th tch NO thu c ktc(cc phn ng xy ra hon ton) Bi 66: H QG TPHCM 2000 Cho 1,92 gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,4M thy sinh ra mt cht kh c t khi hi i vi H2 l 15 v thu c dung dch A. a. Vit phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng xy ra v th tch kh sinh ra (ktc) b. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta ht ton b Cu 2+ trong dung dch A Bi 67: H Nng Nghip 1 - 2000 C 5,56 gam hn hp A gm Fe v mt kim loi M (c ho tr khng i). Chia A thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt ho tan ht trong dung dch HCl c 1,568 lt H2. Ho tan ht phn hai trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 1,344 lt kh NO duy nht v khng to ra NH 4NO3 . Xc nh kim loi M v phn trm mi kim loi trong A Bi 68: Ho tan hon ton 11,7 gam bt Zn bng dung dch HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v 672 ml hn hp kh B gm c N2 v N2O (ktc). Thm NaOH d vo dung dch A v un nng c kh bay ra. kh ny tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. Tnh % th tch tng kh Bi 69: Cho 5,2 gam kim loi M c ho tr cha bit tc dng va vi HNO3 thu c 1,008 lt hn hp kh A gm c N2 v N2O (ktc). Sau phn ng khi lng bnh gim 1,42 gam a. Tnh th tch mi kh trong A. b. Xc nh kim loi M? c. Tnh C% ca dung dch sau phn ng. Nu dng dd HNO3 12,6% (D= 1,1 g/ml) Bi 70: Ho tan 8,32 gam Cu vo 3 lt dung dch HNO 3 thu c dung dch A v 4,928 lt hn hp NO v NO2 (ktc). a. Hi ktc 1 lt hn hp kh ny c khi lng bao nhiu gam? b. 16,2 gam bt Al phn ng ht vi dung dch A thu c hn hp NO, N2 v dung dch B. Tnh th tch NO v N2 trong hn hp bit t khi ca hn hp so vi hidro bng 14,4 c. trung ho B phi dng 100 ml dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 1,3M. Tnh nng mol/lt HNO3 ban u Bi 71: H Y Dc TP HCM 2000 2001 Ho tan 62,1 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 16,8 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm hai kh khng mu khng ho nu ngoi khng kh. T khi hi ca hn hp X so vi kh H2 bng 17,2. a. Xc nh kim loi M b. Nu s dng dung dch HNO3 2M th th tch dng bao nhiu lt, bit rng ly d 25% so vi lng cn thit Bi 72: H Thng Mi 2000 2001 Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 196
Ho tan hon ton 9,5 gam hn hp gm Al2O3, Al, Fe trong 900ml dung dch HNO3 nng b (mol/lt) thu c dung dch A v 3,36 lt kh NO (duy nht ). Cho dung dch KOH 1M vo dung dch A cho n khi lng kt ta khng i th cn dng ht 850 ml. lc, ra ri nung kt ta nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 8g mt cht rn a. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp v tnh b b. Nu mun thu c lng kt ta ln nht th cn thm bao nhiu ml dung dch KOH 1M vo dung dch A? tnh lng kt ta Bi 73: H TCKT H Ni 2000 - 2001 Cho 5g hn hp Fe v Cu ( cha 40% Fe) v mt lng dung dch HNO 3 1M, khuy u cho phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c mt phn cht rn A nng 3,32g; dung dch B v kh NO Tnh khi lng mui to thnh dung dch B. Bi 74: H Dn Lp Hi Phng 2000 2001 t nng mt cht l xo bng st c khi lng 23,52 gam trong khng kh mt thi gian th mt phn st b oxi ho thnh Fe3O4 sau khi ngui ri em ho tan ht vo dung dch HNO3 long un nng nh thy gii phng ra 4,032 lt kh duy nht NO (o ktc) a. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra b. Tnh % lng st ca l xo b oxi ho khi t nng Bi 75: Trng Hc Vin Qun Y Cho m1 gam hn hp gm Mg v Al vo m2 gam dung dch HNO3 24%. Sau khi cc kim loi tan ht c 8,96 lt hn hp kh X gm NO, N2O v N2 bay ra (ktc) v c dung dch A. Thm mt lng O2 va vo X sau phn ng c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch NaOH d c 4,48 lt hn hp kh Z i ra (ktc). T khi hi ca Z so vi H2 bng 20, nu cho dung dch NaOH v A c lng kt ta ln nht th thu c 62,2 gam kt ta a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. b. Tnh m1 v m2 bit lng HNO3 ly d 20 % khi lng cn thit c. Tnh C% cc cht trong dung dch A Bi 76: H Thng Mi 2001 P l dung dch HNO3 10%, d = 1,05g/ml. R l kim loi c ho tr III khng i. Ho tan hon ton 5,94 gam kim loi R trong 564 ml dung dch P thu dung dch A v 2,688 lt hn hp kh B gm N 2O v NO. T khi ca B i vi H2 l 18,5 a. Tm kim loi R. Tnh nng % ca cc cht trong dung dch A b. Cho 800 ml dung dch KOH 1M vo dung dch A. Tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh sau phn ng Bi 77: H S Phm HN 2 nm 2001 Mt hn hp M gm Mg v MgO c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl th thu c 3,136 lt kh (ktc); C cn dung dch v lm kh th thu c 14,25 gam cht rn A. cho phn 2 tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 th thu c 0,448 lt kh X nguyn cht (ktc); C cn dung dch v lm kh th thu c 23 gam cht rn B. - Xc nh % khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp M - Xc nh CTPT ca kh X Bi 78: Trong cng nghip HNO3 c iu ch theo s sau NH3 NO2 HNO3 NO - Nu ly 17kg NH3 th thu c bao nhiu lt dung dch HNO3 46,25% (d = 1,29 g/ml). Bit H = 90% Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 197
- Nu ly a gam dung dch HNO3 trn thm nc c1,9 lt dung dch HNO3 (dung dch D). Nu cho 13,5 gam Al tc dng va vi 1,9 lt dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm NO v N2O c t khi so vi kh hiro l 19,2 a. Tnh th tch mi khi thu c. b. Tnh [HNO3] trong dung dch D c. Tnh a? Bi 79. (H khi A 2004) Hn hp A gm FeCO3 v FeS2. A tc dng vi dung dch axit HNO3 63% (d=1,44g/ml) theo cc phn ng sau: FeCO3 + HNO3 mui X + CO2 + NO2 + H2O FeS2 + HNO3 mui X + H2SO4 + NO2 + H2O c hn hp kh B v dung dch C. T khi c B i vi oxi bng 1,425. phn ng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch C cn dng 540ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Lc ly kt ta, em nung ti khi lng khng c 7,568 gam cht rn (BaSO4 coi nh khng b nhit phn). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 1. X l mui g? Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng. 2. Tnh khi lng tng cht trong hn hp A. 3. Xc nh th tch dung dch HNO3 dng (gi thit HNO3 khng b bay hi trong qu trnh phn ng). Bi 80. (H khi A 2005) Hn hp E1 gm Fe v kim loi R c hc tr khng i. Trn u v chia 22,59 gam hn hp E1 thnh 3 phn bng nhau. Ha tan ht phn mt bng dung dch HCL thu c 3,696 lt kh H2. Phn th hai tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). 1. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra v xc nh tn kim loi R. Bit cc kh o ktc. 2. Cho phn th ba vo 100ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2, lc k Cu(NO3)2 phn ng ht, thu c cht rn E2 c khi lng 9,76 gam. Vit cc phng trnh xy ra v tnh nng mol/lit ca dung dch Cu(NO3)2. Bi 81 (CGTVT 1999) Ho tan 6,25 gam hn hp gm Zn v Al vo 275 ml dung dch HNO3, thu c dung dch A, cht rn B gm cc kim loi cha tan ht cn nng 2,516 gam v 1,12 lt hn hp kh D ( ktc) gm NO v N2O. Hn hp kh D c t khi hi s vi H2 l 16,75. 1. Hi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. 2. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 ban u. Bi 82 (Vin H M - 1999) Nung 28,33 g h hp bt A gm Al , Fe2O3, CuO , sau mt thi gian c hn hp rn B gm Cu, Fe, Al2O3 v cc cht ban u cn d . Cho B tc dng va ht v 0,19 mol NaOH trong dung dch , thu c 2,016 l kh H2 v cn li hn hp rn Q. Cho Q tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d , thy khi lng cht rn sau phn ng tng 0,24 g (so vi khi lng ca Q) v c hn hp rn D. Ho tan ht D bng 760 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, va , thu c V lt kh NO. 1. Tnh s gam mi cht trong cc hn hp A v B. 2. Tnh V lt kh NO. Bit th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. Bi 83 (HKTHN 1999) Ho tan hon ton hn hp 3 kim loi Zn, Cu v Ag vo 500 ml dung dch HNO3 a mol /l thu c 1,944 lt kh A ( ktc) ho nu trong khng kh v dung dch B . 1. Ly 1/2 dung dch B cho tc dng vi dung dch NaCl d c 2,1525 gam kt ta D. Nung D nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 1,8 gam cht rn. Tnh s gam mi kim loi tronh hn hp ban u . 2. Nu cho m gam bt Cu vo 1/2 dung dch B khu u cho phn ng hon ton c 0,168 lt kh A ( ktc), 1,99 gam cht rn khng tan v dung dch E. Tnh m, a mol/l v nng mi loi ion trong dung dch E .Bit th tch dung dch coi nh khng i . Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 198
II BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1. Chn cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t nhm VA: A.ns2np5 B. ns2np3 C. ns2np2 D. ns2np4 Cu 2. Nit phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y to ra hp cht kh. A. Li, Mg, Al B. H2 ,O2 C. Li, H2, Al D. O2 ,Ca,Mg Cu 3. Trong phng th nghim, Nit tinh khit c iu ch t . A. Khng kh B.NH3 ,O2 C.NH4NO2 D.Zn v HNO3 Cu 4. N2 th hin tnh kh trong phn ng vi : A. H2 B. O2 C. Li D. Mg Cu 5. Mt oxit Nit c CT NOx trong N chim 30,43% v khi lng. Cng thc ca oxit Nit l : A. NO B. NO2 C. N2O2 D. N2O5 Cu 6. Th tch kh N2 (kc) thu c khi nhit phn 10g NH4NO2 l A. 11,2 l B. 5,6 l C. 3,56 l D. 2,8 l Cu 7. Mt nguyn t R c hp cht vi Hidr l RH3 oxit cao nht ca R cha 43,66 % khi lng R .Nguyn t R l : A. Nit B. Photpho C. Vanadi D. Mt kt qu khc Cu 8. Dy cht no sau y trong nit c s oxi ha tng dn: A/ NH3, N2, NO, N2O, AlN B/ NH4Cl, N2O5, HNO3, Ca3N2, NO C/ NH4Cl, NO, NO2, N2O3, HNO3 D/ NH4Cl, N2O, N2O3, NO2, HNO3 Cu 9. Xc nh cht (A) v (B) trong chui sau : + O2 + H 2 (xt, t o , p) + O2 (Pt, t o ) N2 NH3 (A) (B) HNO3 A/ (A) l NO, (B) l N2O5 B/ (A) l N2, (B) l N2O5 C/ (A) l NO, (B) l NO2 D/ (A) l N2, (B) l NO2 Cu 10. nhn bit trong thnh phn ca kh nit c ln tp cht clo, ta c th dn kh qua A. nc ct c pha sn vi git phenolphtalein. B. bnh cha liti kim loai C. dung dch NaOH ( c kh vi cnh hoa hng) nhit thng. D. bnh nc vi trong Cu 11. Ch c giy mu m, la, v giy tm dung dch mui X ngi ta c th phn bit 4 l cha kh ring bit O2, N2, H2S v Cl2 do hin tng : kh (1) lm tn la chy bng ln; (2) kh (2) lm mt mu ca giy; kh (3) lm giy tm dung dch mui X ha en. Kt lun sai : A. X l mui Pb(NO3)2, kh (2) l Cl2. B. kh (1) l O2, X l mui CuSO4. C. X l mui CuSO4; kh (3) l Cl2. D. kh (1) l O2, kh cn li l N2. Cu 12. Sc kh NH3 t t n d vo dung dch CuCl2 th hin tng quan st c l A. khng c hin tng g xy ra B. c kt ta mu xanh lam xut hin, lng kt ta tng dn, ti mt lc no th kt ta li b ha tan dn n ht, dung dch tr nn trong sut c mu xanh thm. C. c kt ta mu xut hin, lng kt ta tng dn, ti mt lc no th kt ta li b ha tan dn n ht, dung dch tr nn trong sut c mu xanh lam. D. c kt ta mu xanh lam xut hin Cu 13. Tin hnh cc th nghim : (1) b mu Cu vo dung dch axit HCl ri sc oxi vo; (2) b mu Cu vo dung dch KNO3 ri sc hiroclorua vo. Mu sc ca dung dch sau mi th nghim l A. c (1) v (2) u xanh lam. B. c (1) v (2) u khng mu. C. (1) khng mu, (2) c mu xanh. D. ch (1) c mu xanh, (2) khng mu. Cu 14. Trong s cc cht sau y : AgCl, CaCO3, Cu(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, AgBr, Mg(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, BaSO4. S cht tan c trong dung dch amoniac d l A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 3. Cu 15. NH3 c th phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y (cc k coi nh c ): A. HCl ,O2 , Cl2 , CuO ,dd AlCl3. B. H2SO4 , PbO, FeO ,NaOH . C. HCl , KOH , FeCl3 , Cl2 D. KOH , HNO3 , CuO , CuCl2 . Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 199
Cu 16. Dung dch NH3 c th tc dng c vi cc dung dch : A. NaCl , CaCl2 B. CuCl2 , AlCl3. C. KNO3 , K2SO4 D. Ba(NO3)2 , AgNO3. Cu 17. Cho dd KOH d vo 50 ml dd (NH4)2SO4 1M .un nng nh , thu c th tch kh thot ra (kc) A. 2,24 lt B.1,12 lt C. 0,112 lt D. 4,48 lt +A +B Cu 18. Cho s : NH4)2SO4 NH4Cl NH4NO3 Trong s A ,B ln lt l cc cht : A. HCl , HNO3 B. CaCl2 , HNO3 C. BaCl2 , AgNO3 D. HCl , AgNO3 Cu 19. Khi cho NH3 d tc dng vi Cl2 thu c: A. N2 , HCl B. HCl , NH4Cl C. N2 , HCl ,NH4Cl D. NH4Cl, N2 Cu 20. Chn cu sai trong s cc cu sau: A. Cc mui amoni in ly mnh to NH4+ cho mi trng baz B. Dung dch mui amoni c tnh axit C. Cc mui amoni NH4+ u km bm vi nhit D. Cc mui amoni c tnh cht tng t mui kim loi kim Cu 21/ Trong cng nghip amoniac c iu ch t nit v hidro bng phng php tng hp: N2(k) + 3 H2(k) 2NH3(k) + Q Cn bng ho hc s chuyn di v pha to ra sn phm l NH3, nu ta : A. Tng nhit v gim p sut B. Gim nhit v gim p sut C. Gim nhit v tng p sut D. Tng nhit v tng p sut Cu 22. Lm cc th nghim sau: - Fe tc dng HNO3 nng c (1) - Fe tc dng vi H2SO4 c nng(2) - Fe tc dng dd HCl(3) - Fe tc dng vi dd H2SO4 long(4) Nhm cc th nghim to ra H2 l: A. (1) v (2) B. (3) v (4) C. (2) v (4) D. (1) v (3) Cu 23. t hon ton hn hp kh gm c amoniac v oxi d ( cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut ). Hn hp kh v hi thu c sau phn ng l : A. NH3, N2, H2O B. NO, H2O,O2. C. O2, N2, H2O D. N2, H2O Cu 24. Phn ng gia kim loi ng vi axit nitric long to ra kh duy nht l NO. Tng cc h s trong phng trnh phn ng bng : A. 18 B. 24 C. 20 D. 10 Cu 25. Cho kim loi Cu tc dng vi HNO3 c hin tng quan st c l : A. Kh mu nu bay ln, dung dch chuyn mu xanh B. Kh khng mu bay ln, dung dch chuyn mu xanh C. Kh khng mu bay ln, dung dch khng c mu D. Kh thot ra ho nu trong khng kh, dung dch chuyn sang mu xanh Cu 26. Cho dung dch NH4 NO3 tc dng va vi dung dch hidroxit ca mt kim loi M th thu c 4,48 lit kh (ktc). Khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 26,1 gam mui khan . Xc nh kim loi M. A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba Cu 27. Hn hp X gm CO2 v mt oxit ca Nit c t khi hi i vi H 2 bng 18,5. Oxit ca nit c cng thc phn t l: A. NO B. NO2 C. N2O3 D. N2O5 Cu 28. Cho phn ng NH3 + HCl NH4Cl Vai tr ca amoniac trong phn ng trn : A. axit B. bazo C. cht kh D. cht OXH Cu 29.Chn cu sai trong cc cu sau : A. Dung dch NH3 ho tan Zn(OH)2 do to phc [Zn(NH3)4]2+ B. Dung dch NH3 ho tan Zn(OH)2 do Zn(OH)2 lng tnh C. Dung dch mui nitrat c tnh OXH trong mi trng axit v mi trng kim. D. Dung dch mui nitrat km bn vi nhit v c tnh OXH nhit cao Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 200
Cu 30. Cho cacbon tc dng vi mt lng HNO3 c, nng va . Sn phm l hn hp kh CO2 v NO2. Hn hp kh thu c c t l v th tch VCO2 : VNO2 l A. 1 : 1 B. 1 : 4 C. 1 : 3 D. 1 : 2 Cu 31. Ha tan ha ton 10,44 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong dung dch HNO 3 long d thu c 6,496 lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht bay ra iu kin tiu chun. Tnh % khi lng ca Al trong hn hp X. A. 51,72% B. 38,79% C. 25,86% D. 33,93% Cu 32.. Xt cc nhn nh: (1) t chy amoniac bng oxi c mt xc tc, thu c N2, H2O. (2) dung dch amoniac l mt baz c th ha tan c Al(OH)3. (3) phn ng tng hp amoniac l phn ng thun nghch, (4) NH3 l mt baz nn c th lm i mu giy qu tm kh. Nhn nh ng l A. (3). B. (1), (3). C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (3). Cu 33. Phn khi lng ca nito trong mt oxit ca n l 30,43%. T khi hi ca oxit so vi Heli bng 23. Cng thc phn t ca oxit l : A. N2O4 B. N2O C. NO D. NO2 Cu 34. Khi nhit phn, dy mui nitrat no u cho sn phm l oxit kim loi, kh nito dioxit v kh oxi? A. Cu(NO3)2 , Fe(NO3)2 , Mg(NO3)2 B. Cu(NO3)2 , LiNO3 , KNO3 C. Hg(NO3)2 , AgNO3 , KNO3 D. Zn(NO3)2 , KNO3 , Pb(NO3)2 Cu 35. Cho phn ng 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O Vai tr ca amoniac trong phn ng trn l : A. Cht kh B. Cht OXH C. Bazo D. Axit Cu 36.Axit nitric u phn ng c vi nhm cht no ? A. KOH ; MgO ; NaCl,FeO. B. NaCl ; KOH ; Na2CO3 C. FeO ; H2S ; NH3 ; C D. MgO ; FeO ; NH3 ; HCl Cu 37. S OXH ca N c sp xp theo th t tng dn nh sau : A. NO<N2O<NH3<NO3B. NH4+<N2<N2O<NO<NO2-<NO3C. NH3<N2<NO2 <NO<NO3 D. NH3<NO<N2O<NO2<N2O5 Cu 38. Cho Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long to kh N2O. Tng cc h s trong phng trnh ho hc l : A. 18 B. 13 C. 24 D. 10 Cu 39. nhit thng nito tng i tr v : A. Trong phn t nito c lin kt 3 (cng ho tr khng phn cc) bn B. Phn t nito khng phn cc C. Nito c m in ln nht trong nhm VA D. Nito c bn knh nguyn t nh Cu 40. Ag tc dng vi dd HNO3 long. Kh sinh ra l : A. NO2 B. N2 C. N2O D. NO Cu 41. Dng 10,08 lt kh Hidro (ktc) vi hiu sut chuyn ho thnh amoniac l 33,33% th c th thu c : A. 1,7g NH3 B. 17g NH3 C. 8,5g NH3 D. 5,1g NH3 Cu 42. Nhm cc mui no khi nhit phn cho ra kim loi, kh NO2 v kh O2 ? A. NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2, KNO3 B. AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 C. AgNO3, Fe(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 D. AgNO3, Pt(NO3)2, Hg(NO3)2 Cu 43. Lin kt trong NH3 l lin kt A. Cng ho tr c cc B. ion C. kim loi D. Cng ho tr khng cc Cu 44. C nhng nhn nh sau v mui amoni 1- Tt c mui amoni u tan trong nc 2- Cc mui amoni u l cht in ly mnh, trong nc mui amoni in ly hon ton to ra ion NH4+ khng mu to mi trng bazo 3- Mui amoni u phn ng vi dung dch kim gii phng kh amoniac 4- Mui amoni km bn i vi nhit Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 201
Nhm gm cc nhn nh ng : A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 2, 4 C. 1, 3, 4 D. 2, 3, 4 Cu 45. Trn ln dung dch mui (NH4)2SO4 vi dung dch Ca(NO2)2 ri un nng th thu c cht kh X (sau khi loi b hi nc ) . X l : A. NO2 B. N2 C. NO D. N2O Cu 46. Cho 6,4g Cu tan hon ton trong 200ml dung dch HNO3 th gii phng mt hn hp kh gm NO v NO2 c dhh/H2 = 18. Nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3 l: A. 1,64M B. 1,54M C. 1,44M D. 1,34M Cu 47. Cho phng trnh phn ng sau: N2 + 3H2 2NH3 H < 0 Hy chn cu tr li ng: thu c nhiu NH3 ta nn: A. dng p sut cao, nhit cao B. Dng p sut thp, nhit cao; C. dng p sut cao, nhit tng i thp D. dng p sut thp, nhit thp Cu 48. Mt hn hp gm hai kh nit v hiro tng s l 10mol, c t khi i vi hiro l 4,9. Cho hn hp i qua cht xc tc c nhit v p sut thch hp, ta c hn hp mi, s mol nit tham gia l 1 mol. Hiu sut phn ng nit chuyn thnh NH3 l: A. 36% B. 35% C. 34% D. 33% Cu 49. Trong phn ng: M + HNO3 -> M(NO3)n + N2O + H2O Sau khi cn bng phn ng, cc cht phn ng v sn phm c h s ln lt l: A. 8; 10n; 8; n; 5n B. 8; 10n; n; 8; 5 C. 8; 10n; 8; 5; n D. 4; 5n; n; 4; 3 Cu 50. Phn ng gia HNO3 vi FeO ti kh NO2. Tng s cc h s cht to thnh trong phn ng oxi ha - kh ny l:A. 10 B. 9 C.8 D.12 Cu 51. Tm phn ng nhit phn sai: t0 t0 A. Hg(NO3)2 Hg + 2NO2 +O2 B. NaNO3 NaNO2 + 1/2 O2 0 t t0 C. Ba(NO3)2 Ba(NO2)2 + O2 D. 2Fe(NO3)3 Fe2O3 + 6NO2 + 3/2 O2 Cu 52. Cho phn ng thun nghch ang trng thi cn bng: N2 + 3H2 2NH3 Khi c cn bng, kt qu phn tch ca hn hp cho thy c 1,5 mol NH3-; 2,0 mon N2 v 3,0 mol H2. S mol H2 c mt lc ban u l: A. 5 B. 5,25 C. 5,75 D. Kt qu khc. Cu 53. Hn hp X gm CO2 v mt oxit ca nit c t khi hi i vi hyro bng 18,5. Oxit ca nit c cng thc phn t l: A: NO B. NO2 C. N2O3 D.N2O5 Cu 54. Hy chn p n ng trong cc trng hp sau: Mt trong nhng sn phm ca phn ng gia kim loi magie vi axit nitric c nng trung bnh l init oxit . Tng cc h s trong phng trnh ho hc bng. A. 10 B. 18 C. 24 D. 20 Cu 55. Ho tan hon ton 1,35g mt kim loi R bng dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO v NO2 ( ktc) c t khi so vi hiro bng 21. R l kim loi no sau y: A. Nhm B. ng C. St D. Crom Cu 56: Ha tan 2,8 gam mt kim loi X vo dung dch HNO3, thu c 1,12 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc) . X l :A. Mg B. Fe C. Al D. Cu Cu 57. Ha tan 7,2 gam kim loi X thuc phn nhm chnh trong dung dch HNO 3 sinh ra kh NO v trong dung dch HCl thy lng mui clorua v mui nitrat hn km nhau 15,9 gam . X l : A. Mg B. Fe C. Ni D. Al Cu 58. Ha tan hon ton 11,2g Fe vo HNO3 d thu c dung dch A v 6,72 lt hn hp kh B gm NO v mt kh X, vi t l th tch l 1:1. Xc nh kh X? Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 202
A. NO B. NO2 C. N2O D. N2 Cu 59. Ha tan hn hp gm FeS v FeCO3 bng dung dch HNO3 long th thu c hn hp X gm hai cht kh. T khi ca X so vi O2 l 1,375. Hn hp X gm: A. CO2 ; NO B. CO ; N2 C. CO2 ; N2O D. NO ; N2O Cu 60. Ha tan hon ton 8,64gam FeO bng dung dch HNO3 th thu c 336ml kh duy nht (ktc). Cng thc ca cht kh l: A. N2 B. NH3 C. N2O D. NO2 Cu 61. T 34 tn NH3 sn xut 160 tn HNO3 63%.Hiu sut ca phn ng iu ch HNO3 l A.80 B. 50% C. 60% D.85% Cu 62. T 100 mol NH3 c th iu ch ra bao nhiu mol HNO3 theo qui trnh cng nghip vi hiu sut 80%? A. 100 mol B. 80 mol. C. 66,67 mol. D. 120 mol. Cu 63. Nung 1 lng xc nh mui Cu(NO3)2.Sau mt thi gian dng li ngui ri em cn thy khi lng gim 54gam.S mol kh thot ra trong qu trnh l A. 0,25 mol B. 1 mol C. 0,5mol D. 2mol Cu 64. Ha tan ht 0,02 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Ag vo dung dch HNO3 c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X v nung n khi lng khng i th thu c cht rn cn nng A. 8,56 gam. B. 4,84 gam. C. 5,08 gam. D. 3,60 gam Cu 65. Cho 40,5 gam Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 thu c 10,08 lt (ktc) kh X (khng c sn phm kh no khc). Kh X l : ( cho Al = 27) A. NO2 B. NO C. N2O D. N2 Cu 66. Cho 19,2 gam mt kim loi M tan hon ton trong HNO3 thu c 4,48 lt kh NO(ktc).M l A. Fe B. Cu C. Zn D. Mg Cu 67. Cho 29gam hn hp gm Al;Fe;Cu tc dng ht vi HNO3 thu c 0,672 lt kh NO(ktc).Tnh khi lng hn hp mui khan thu c sau phn ng A. 29,00g B. 6,00g C. 29,44g D.36,44g Cu 68. Cho 26 gam Zn tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh NO;NO2(ktc) s mol HNO3 trong dung dch l A. 1,2mol B. 0,6mol C. 0,4mol D. 0,8mol Cu 69. Cho 6,4 gam Cu tan hon ton vo 200ml dung dch HNO3 th gii phng hn hp kh gm NO;NO2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 18.Tnh CM ca dung dch HNO3 A.1,44M B. 1M C. 0,44M D. 2,44M Cu 70. Ha tan ht 16,2 gam Fe;Cu bng dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c 11,2 lt NO2(ktc).Hm lng Fe trong mu hp kim l A. 46,6% B. 52,6% C. 28,8% D. 71,3% Cu 71. Ho tan 12,8gam kim loi X bng dung dch HNO3 c thu 8,96 lt (ktc) kh NO2. Tn ca X ho tr II l: A. Mg B. Fe C. Zn D.Cu Cu 72. Cho 5,6 g Fe phn ng vi lng HNO 3 long, d gii phng ra mt kh (khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh) c th tch iu kin chun l (Fe=56) A. 1,12 (l) B. 2,24 (l) C. 6,72(l) D. 4,48(l) Cu 73: Cho 11 gam hn hp Al v Fe vo dung dch HNO3 long ly d thu c dung dch cha 2 mui v 6,72 lt kh NO thot ra (ktc) chng t % khi lng ca Al trong hn hp kim loi l A. 61,3%. B. 50,1%. C. 49,1%. D. 55,5% Cu 74: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp Fe, Cu vo dung dch HNO 3 c nng d thu c 2,688 lt mt cht kh (ktc) v dung dch X. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo X lc ly kt ta nung n khi lng khng i thu c 4 gam cht rn. Th m bng A. 6,8. B. 1,2. C. 7,2. D. 3,04. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 203
Cu 75: Mt oxit kim loi M trong M chim 72,41% v khi lng. Kh hon ton oxit ny bng CO, thu c 16,8g M. Ha tan hon ton lung M ny bng dd HNO 3 c nng thu c mt mui v x mol NO2. Gi tr ca x l A. 0,45 B. 0,9 C. 0,75 D. 0,6 Cu 76: Cho 11,6 gam mui FeCO3 tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3, c hn hp kh CO2, NO v dung dch X. Khi thm dung dch HCl (d) vo dung dch X, th dung dch thu c ho tan ti a bao nhiu gam bt ng kim loi, bit rng c kh NO bay ra. A. 28.8 gam B. 7,2 gam. C. 32 gam D. 16 gam. Cu 77: Nung nng hon ton 28,9 gam hn hp KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Hn hp kh thot ra c dn vo nc( ly d) th cn 1,12lit kh( ktc) khng b hp th (lng O 2 ho tan trong nc khng ng k). Thnh phn% khi lng KNO3 trong hn hp ban u l A. 34,95% B. 65,05% C. 17,47 % D. 92,53% Cu 78: Khi cho nhm tc dng vi dd HNO3 long ch to ra sn phm kh l NH4NO3. Tng cc h s l s nguyn ti gin nht trong phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng xy ra l: A. 74 B. 76 C. 68 D. 58. Cu 79: t 11,2 gam bt Fe bng O2 thu c 13,6 gam cht rn X. Cho X tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c V lt kh NO o ktc. V c gi tr l: A. 2,24 B. 1,56 C. 1,12 D. 3,36 Cu 80: Cho 14,7 gam hn hp A gm Fe, Al, Cu (c s mol bng nhau) vo 1 lt dung dch HNO3 th thu c dung dch B, 3,2 gam cht rn khng tan v kh NO(sn phm kh duy nht). Nng dung dch HNO3 l A. 1,8M B. 1,2M C. 0,93 M D. 0,8 M Cu 81: Cho 30,24 gam Fe chy trong oxi mt thi gian thu c 36gam cht rn A gm 4 cht. Ha tan A bng HNO3 d thu c 6,72 lt X(ktc). Xc nh X A. N2 B. NO C. NO2 D. N2O Cu 82: Nung nng m gam Al(NO3)3 ti khi phn ng hon ton th thu c hn hp kh X. Dn X vo nc th thu c 15 lt dung dch c pH = 2. Gi tr ca m l: A. 10,65. B. 21,3. C. 10,56. D. 15,975. Cu 83: Cho 0,16 mol Al tc dng va vi dd HNO3 thu c 0,03 mol kh X v dd Y . Cho Y tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu c 0,03 mol kh Z. Tnh s mol HNO3 tham gia p A. 0,6 mol B. 0,24 mol C. 0,48 mol D. 0,51 mol Cu 84: Cho 0,96 gam Cu vo 100ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,08M v H2SO4 0,2M sinh ra V (lit) mt cht kh c t khi so vi H2 l 15 v dung dch X. V c gi tr l : A. 0,1792 lit B. 0,3584 lit C. 0,448 lit D. 0,336 lit Cu 85: Oxi ha chm m gam Fe ngoi khng kh thu c 12 gam hn hp X gm : FeO, Fe 2O3 , Fe3O4 , Fe d .Ha tan X va bi 500ml dung dch HNO3 thu c 2,24 lit kh NO ( ktc ). Tnh m v nng HNO3 : A.10.08 gam v 1,28M. B. 1,008g ; 0,64 C. 10,08g ; 2M D. 10,08 g ; 0,8M Cu 86: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12mol FeS 2 v x mol Cu2S bng dung dch HNO3 va , thu c dung dch A ch cha mui sunfat v 268,8 lit NO (ktc). x c gi tr : A. 1,8 mol B. 1,08 mol C. 0,18 mol D. 0,06mol Cu 87: Ha tan hon ton 3,84gam Cu vo dung dch HNO3 long thu c mt cht kh khng mu (A), em oxi ha hon ton kh A to thnh mt cht kh B c mu nu , sc kh B vo nc cng vi dng kh oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO3 . Th tch oxi tham gia phn ng : A. 2,24 lit B. 0,672 lit C. 4,48 lit D. 0,448 lit Cu 88: Cho 1,92 g Cu vo 100ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,4M thy sinh ra mt cht kh c t khi so vi H2 l 15 v dung dch X. Tnh th tch kh sinh ra ( ktc). Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 204
A. 3,584lt B. 0,3584lt C. 35,84lt D. 358,4lt Cu 89: Nung hon ton m gam Cu(NO3)2 thu c hn hp kh NO2 v O2. Hp th hon ton lng kh bng nc thu c 2 lt dung dch c pH = 1,0. Tnh m. A. 9,4 gam B. 14,1 gam C. 15,04 gam D. 18,8 gam Cu 90: Ho tan va ht hn hp X gm Cu, CuO , Cu(NO3)2 (trong s mol Cu bng s mol CuO) vo 350 ml dung dch H2SO4 2M (long) th thu c dung dch ch cha mt mui duy nht v c kh NO bay ra. Tnh khi lng Cu trong hn hp X. A. 6,4 gam B. 12,8 gam C. 19,2 gam D. 16 gam. Cu 91: Cho 5,6 gam Fe tc dng hon ton vi 500ml dung dch HNO 3 1M th thu c kh NO duy nht v dung dch X. Axit ha X bng H2SO4 long d th thu c dung dch Y. Y c th ha tan ti a bao nhiu gam Cu (to kh NO)? A. 41,6 B. 38,4 C. 3,2 D. 25,2 Cu 92. Ha tan hon ton 16,2 gam mt kim loi ha tr cha r bng dung dch HNO 3 c 5,6 lt (ktc) hn hp A nng 7,2 gam gm NO v N2. Kim loi cho l : A. Cr B. Fe C. Al D. Mg Cu 93. Ha tan 1,68 gam kim loi M trong HNO 3 long, d th thu c 0,02 mol NO ; 0,01 mol N2O. Kim loi M l A. Al B. Fe C. Mg D. Zn Cu 94. Cho a gam oxit st t vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c hn hp sn phm kh gm 0,02 mol NO v 0,01 mol N2O. a l : A. 27,45 gam B. 32,48 gam C. 35,7 gam D. 36,3 gam Cu 95. Nhng kim loi no sau y khng tc dng vi HNO 3 c ngui nhng tc dng vi dung dch axt HCl : A. Cu , Zn B. Al , Fe C. Al , Zn D. Fe , Zn Cu 96. Ho tan hon ton m gam Cu trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,12 lt hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi hi i vi H2 l 16,6. Gi tr ca m l A. 8,32. B. 3,90. C. 4,16. D. 6,40. Cu 97. Ha tan hon ton 12,8 gam Cu trong dung dch HNO 3 thu c V lt hn hp kh X ( ktc ) gm NO2 v NO . Bit t khi ca X so vi H2 l 19 . Vy V lt bng : A. 4,48lt B. 2,24lt C. 3,36lt D. 6,72lt Cu 98. Ho tan 8,32g Cu vo 3 lt dung dch HNO 3 (va ) c 4,928 lt hn hp NO, NO 2 (ktc). Tnh khi lng 1 lt hn hp NO, NO2 ktc v CM dung dch HNO3 A. 1,99g; 0,16M B. 1,74g; 0,18M C. 2,14,; 0,15M D. 2,12g; 0,14M Cu 99. Cho m gam Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c 8,96 lt hn hp NO v NO2 c khi lng 15,2 gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 25,6 g. B. 16,0 g. C. 19,2 g. D. 12,8 g. Cu 100. Cho m (g) Cu tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 thu c 1,12 lt ( ktc) hh kh NO v NO2 c t khi so vi H2 l 16,6. Gi tr ca m l: A. 3,9g B. 4,16g C. 2,38g D. 2. 08g Cu 101. Ho tan hon ton 45,9g kim loi R bng dung dch HNO 3long thu c hn hp kh gm 0,3 mol N2O v 0,9mol NO. Hi R l kim loi no: A. Na B. Zn C. Mg D. Al Cu 102. Ho tan hon ton 24,3g Al vo dung dch HNO3 long d thu c V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm NO v N2O c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20,25. Gi tr ca V l A. 6,72. B. 2,24. C. 8,96. D. 11,20. Cu 103. Ho tan hon ton 5,94g kim loi R trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 2,688lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm NO v N2O c t khi so vi H2 l 18,5. Kim loi R l: A. Fe. B. Cu. C. Mg. D. Al. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 205
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 104. Cho a gam Al phn ng ht vi axt HNO 3 thu c 8,96lt ( ktc ) hn hp kh NO v N 2O c t
khi hi so vi hydro bng 16,75. Vy khi lng a gam l : A. 17,5 B. 13,5 C. 15,3 D. C kt qu khc Cu 105. Ha tan ht 10,8 gam Al trong dung dch axt HNO 3 thu c hn hp A gm NO v NO 2 c t khi hi so vi H2 l 19. Th tch mi kh trong hn hp A ( ktc ) l : A. Cng 5,72lt B. Cng 6,72 lt C. 3,36lt v 6,72lt D. 7 lt v 4 lt Cu 106. Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dung dch HNO3 rt long thu c hn hp gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01 mol NO (khng c sn phm NH4NO3). Gi tr ca m l: A. 1,35 g. B. 0,81 g. C. 1,92 g. D. 1,08 g. Cu 107. Cho m gam Al tan hon ton trong dd HNO3 thy to ra 44,8 lit hn hp 3 kh NO, N 2O, N2 c t l mol ln lt l 1:2:2. Gi tr m l? A. 75,6 g B. Kt qu khc C. 140,4 g D. 155,8 g Cu 108. Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 38,34. B. 34,08. C. 106,38. D. 97,98. Cu 109. Chia hn hp gm 2 kim loi X, Y c ho tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau: + Phn 1: Ho tan hon ton trong dung dch hn hp gm HCl v H2SO4 thu c 3,36 lt H2( ktc). + Phn 2: Ho tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt NO duy nht ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 5,60 lt. Cu 110. Hn hp X gm Al, Cu c khi lng 59g. Ho tan X trong 3 lt dung dch HNO 3 c hn hp Y gm NO, N2 (mi kim loi ch to 1 kh) v li mt cht rn khng tan. Bit hn hp Y c d/k 2 = 1 v V = 13,44 lt (ktc). Tnh khi lng ca Al, Cu trong hn hp u v CM ca dung dch HNO3. A. 27g Al; 32g Cu; 1,6M B. 35g Al; 24g Cu; 1,2M C. 27g Al; 32g Cu; 1,4M D. 33,5g Al; 25,5g Cu; 1,6M Cu 111. Chia hn hp 2 kim loi c ho tr khng i lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tan ht trong dung dch HCl to ra 1,792 lt H2 (ktc). Phn 2,nung trong oxi thu c 2,84 gam hn hp oxit. Khi lng hn hp 2 kim loi ban u l: A. 2,2 gam B. 3,12 gam C. 2,4 gam D. 1,56 gam Cu 112. Ha tan 1 hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B trong axit HNO 3 long. Kt thc phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y c 0,1 mol NO ; 0,15 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol N2O. Bit rng khng c phn ng to mui NH4NO3. S mol HNO3 phn ng: A. 0,75 mol B. 0,9 mol C. 1,2 mol D. 1,05 mol Cu 113. Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Al v Mg tc dng hon ton vi dung dch hn hp gm H 2SO4 v HNO3 thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO2; NO; N2O. Khi lng Al c trong hn hp l A. 8,10 g. B. 5,40 g. C. 4,05 g. D. 6,75 g. Dng cho Cu 114, 115, 116: Hn hp X gm FeS2 v MS c s mol nh nhau (M l kim loi c ho tr khng i). Cho 6,51g X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 d, un nng thu c dung dch A v 13,216 lt hn hp kh B (ktc) c khi lng l 26,34 gam gm NO2 v NO. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c m gam kt ta. Cu 114. Kim loi M l: A. Mg. B. Zn. C. Ni. D. Ca Cu 115. Gi tr ca m l: A. 20,97. B. 13,98. C. 15,28. D. 28,52. Cu 116. Phn trm khi lng ca FeS2 trong X l: A. 44,7%. B. 33,6%. C. 55,3%. D. 66,4%. Dng cho Cu 117, 118, 119: Cho a gam hn hp A gm Mg, Al vo b gam dung dch HNO3 24% thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh X gm NO, N 2O, N2(ktc) v dung dch B. Thm mt lng O2va vo X, sau phn ng c hn hp Y. DnY t t qua dung dch NaOH d thu c 4,48 lt hn hp kh Z (ktc) c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20. Nu cho dung dch NH3 d vo B th thu c c 62,2 gam kt ta. Cu 117. Phn trm th tch ca NO trong X l: A. 50%. B. 40%. C. 30%. D. 20%. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 206
Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c Cu 118. Gi tr ca a l: A. 23,1. B. 21,3. C. 32,1. D. 31,2. Cu 119. Gi tr ca b l: A. 761,25. B. 341,25. C.525,52. D.828,82. Cu 120. Ha tan hon ton 3,416 gam hn hp Ag, Cu trong dung dch HNO3 thu c mui nitrat v
0,7168 lt hn hp NO v NO2 (ktc), t khi hi ca B i vi H2 bng 19. Tnh khi lng mi kim lai trong hn hp: A. 1,449g Ag v 1,967g Cu B. 1,944g Ag v 1,472g Cu C. 1,08g Ag v 2,336g Cu D. 2,16g Ag v 1,256g Cu Cu 121. Ho tan hon ton 8,5 gam hn hp Zn, Mg bng dung dch H2SO4 c thu c 1,12 lt SO2 ( ktc) v 1,6 gam S v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan trong dung dch X l A. 18,1 g. B. 24,8 g. C. 28,1 g. D. 30,4 g. Cu 122. em nung hn hp A, gm hai kim loi: x mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu, trong khng kh mt thi gian, thu c 63,2 gam hn hp B, gm hai kim loi trn v hn hp cc oxit ca chng. em ha tan ht lng hn hp B trn bng dung dch H2SO4 m c, th thu c 0,3 mol SO2. Tr s ca x l: A. 0,7 mol B. 0,5 mol C. 0,6 mol D. 0,4 mol Cu 123. (A-07) Ho tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1: 1) bng HNO3,thu c V lt (ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l A. 3,36. B. 2,24. C. 5,60. D. 4,48. Cu 124. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp X gm Cu, Al, Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3,thu c 1,12 lt hn hp kh gm NO v NO2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 21,4. Khi lng mui to thnh trong dung dch l : A. 5,69 gam B. 5,45 gam C. 4,54 gam D. 5,05 gam Cu 125. Cho hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol ba cht u bng nhau tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm 0,09mol NO2 v 0,05mol NO. S mol ca mi cht l: A. 0,12 mol B. 0,24 mol C. 0,21 mol D. 0,36 mol Cu 126. Cho 1,35 g hh gm Mg, Al, Cu tc dng vi dd HNO3 long thu c 1,12 lt (kc) hh kh X gm NO v N2O. T khi ca X i vi kh H2 l 20,6. Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra trong dd l: A. 23,05g B. 13,13g C. 5,891g D. 7,64g Cu 127. Ha tan hon ton 30,0 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn trong dung dch HNO 3,sau phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch Y v hn hp gm 0,1 mol N 2O v 0,1 mol NO. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 127 gam hn hp mui. Vy s mol HNO3 b kh trong phn ng trn l : A. 0,45 mol B. 0,40 mol C. 0,30 mol D. 0,35 mol Cu 128. Cho 5,75 gam hn hp Mg, Al, Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 long, d thu c 1,12 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X gm NO v N2O. T khi ca X i vi kh H2 l 20,6. Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra trong dung dch l : A. 27,45 gam B. 13,13 gam C. 55,7 gam D. 16,3 gam Cu 129. Cho m gam hn hp kim loi gm Al, Zn, Mg tan trong V(lit) dung dch HNO3 0,01 M th va ng thi gii phng 2,688 lit( ktc) hn hp kh gm NO v N2 c t khi so vi hidro l 44,5/3. Tnh V? A. 6,4 lit B. 0,64 lit C. 0,064 lit D. 64 lit Cu 130. Cho 1,35 g hn hp Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dd HNO 3 thu c hn hp kh gm 0,01 mol NO v 0,01 mol N2O. Khi lng mui c to ra trong dd l: A. 3,83g B. 6,93g C. 5,96g D. 8,17g Cu 131. Ha tan 10,71 gam hn hp gm Al, Fe, Zn trong 4 lt dung dch HNO3 x (M) va thu c dung dch A v 1,792 lt hn hp kh gm N 2,N2O c t l mol 1: 1. C cn dung dch A thu c m(gam) mui khan. Gi tr ca m (gam) v x (M) l A. 55,35 (g) v 2,2 (M) B. 55,35 (g) v 0,22 (M) C. 53,55 (g) v 2,2 (M) D. 53,55 (g) v 0,22 (M) Cu 132. Ha tan 5,04 gam hn hp 3 kim loi X, Y, Z trong 100ml dung dch HNO 3 x (M) va thu c m(gam) mui; 0,02 mol NO2 v 0,005 mol N2O. Gi tr ca x v m x l Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 207
A. 0,9 (M) (g) v 8,76 (g) B. 0,9 (M) (g) v 7,76 (g) C. 0,9 (M) (g) v 8,67 (g) D. 0,8 (M) (g) v 8,76 (g) Cu 133. Ha tan hon ton 8 gam hn hp kim loi bng dung dch HNO 3 d thu c hn hp sn phm kh gm 0,1 mol NO v 0,2 mol NO2. Khi lng mui c trong dung dch (khng c mui amoni) l A. 39 gam B. 34,9 gam C. 37,7 gam D. 27,3 gam Cu 134. Cho 13,4 gam hn hp Fe, Al, Mg tc dng ht vi mt lng dung dch HNO 3 2M (ly d 10%) thu c 4,48 lt hn hp NO, N2O c t khi i vi hiro l 18,5 v dung dch khng cha mui amoni. Th tch dung dch HNO3 dng v khi lng mui c trong dung dch sau phn ng l: A. 7,7 lt v 80 (g) B. 0,77 lt v 81,6 (g) C. 7,5 lt v 81 (g) D. 7,2 lt v 80 (g) t0 Cu 135.Cho phn ng: FexOy + (6x-2y) HNO3 (m c) xFe(NO3)3 + (3x-2y)NO2 + (3x-y)H2O A. y phi l mt phn ng oxi ha kh, FexOy l cht kh, n b oxi ha to Fe(NO3)3. B. Trong phn ng ny, HNO3 phi l mt cht oxi ha, n b kh to kh NO2. C. y c th l mt phn ng trao i, c th HNO3 khng ng vai tr cht oxi ha. D. (A) v (B) Cu 136. Ha tan hon ton 15 gam CaCO3 vo m gam dung dch HNO3 c d, thu c 108,4 gam dung dch. Tr s ca m l: a) 93,4 gam b) 100,0 gam c) 116,8 gam d) Mt kt qu khc Cu 137. Xem phn ng: FeS2 + H2SO4(m c, nng) Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O Tng s cc h s nguyn nh nht, ng trc mi cht trong phn ng trn, phn ng cn bng cc nguyn t l: a) 30 b) 38 c) 46 d) 50 Cu 138. Ha tan hon ton m gam bt kim loi nhm vo mt lng dung dch axit nitric rt long c d, c 0,03 mol kh N2 duy nht thot ra. Ly dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi lung d dung dch xt, un nng, c 672 ml duy nht mt kh (ktc) c mi khai thot ra. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tr s ca m l: a) 3,24 gam b) 4,32 gam c) 4,86 gam d) 3,51 gam Cu 139. Xem phn ng: aCu + bNO3- + cH+ dCu2+ + eNO + fH2O Tng s cc h s (a + b + c + d + e + f) nguyn, nh nht, phn ng trn cn bng, l: (c th c cc h s ging nhau) a) 18 b) 20 c) 22 d) 24 Cu 140. Ha tan 0,1 mol Cu kim loi trong 120 ml dung dch X gm HNO 3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca V l a). 1,344 lt. b) 1,49 lt. c) 0,672 lt. d) 1,12 lt. Cu 142.Thc hin hai th nghim: 1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO. 2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot ra V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l a) V2 = V1.b)V2 = 2V1. c) V2 = 2,5V1. d) V2 = 1,5V1. Cu 143. Ha tan hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B trong dung dch HNO3 long. Kt thc phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y (gm 0,1 mol NO, 0,15 mol NO 2 v 0,05 mol N2O). Bit rng khng c phn ng to mui NH4NO3. S mol HNO3 phn ng l: a) 0,75 mol. b) 0,9 mol. c) 1,05 mol. d) 1,2 mol. Cu 144. Ha tan 10,71 gam hn hp gm Al, Zn, Fe trong 4 lt dung dch HNO3 aM va thu c dung dch A v 1,792 lt hn hp kh gm N2 v N2O c t l mol 1:1. C cn dung dch A thu c m (gam.) mui khan. gi tr ca m, a l: a) 55,35 gam. v 2,2M b) 55,35 gam. v 0,22M c) 53,55 gam. v 2,2M d) 53,55 gam. v 0,22M Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 208
Cu 145. Ha tan 5,95 gam hn hp Zn, Al c t l mol l 1:2 bng dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 0,896 lt mt sn phm kh X duy nht cha nit. X l: a) N2O b) N2 c) NO d) NH4NO3 Cu 146. Ha tan 4,76 gam hn hp Zn, Al c t l mol 1:2 trong 400ml dung dch HNO 3 1M va , c dung dch X cha m gam mui khan v thy khng c kh thot ra. Gi tr ca m l: a) 25.8 gam. b) 26,9 gam. c) 27,8 gam. d) 28,8 gam. Cu 147. Vng cng nh bch kim ch b ha tan trong nc cng toan (vng thy), l dung dch gm mt th tch HNO3 m c v ba th tch HCl m c. 34,475 gam thi vng c ln tp cht tr c ha tan ht trong nc cng toan, thu c 3,136 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Phn trm khi lng vng c trong thi vng trn l: a) 90% b) 80% c) 70% d) 60% Cu 148. Cho 7,04 gam kim loi ng c ha tan ht bng dung dch HNO3, thu c hn hp hai kh l NO2 v NO. Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi hiro bng 18,2. Th tch mi kh thu c ktc l: a) 0,896 lt NO2; 1,344 lt NO b) 2,464 lt NO2; 3,696 lt NO c) 2,24 lt NO2; 3,36 lt NO d) Tt c s liu trn khng ph hp vi d kin u bi Cu 149. Cho m gam bt kim loi ng vo 200 ml dung dch HNO3 2M, c kh NO thot ra. ha tan va ht cht rn, cn thm tip 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,8M vo na, ng thi cng c kh NO thot ra. Tr s ca m l: a) 9,60 gam b) 11,52 gam c) 10,24 gam d) u bi cho khng ph hp Cu 150. A gm Fe v Cu. Ha tan 6g A bng HNO3 c nng that ra 5,6 lt kh NO2 ktc % Cu l a) 53,34% b) 46,66% c)70% d)90%
Vn 9
PHOTPHO V HP CHT
I BI TP T LUN
Bi 1: Vit phng trnh iu ch supephotphat n v supephotphat kp. Bi 2: T qung pirit cha ch yu FeS2, qung photphorit cha ch yu Ca3(PO4)2 v cc thit b, dng c cn thit, nu cch iu ch cc cht sau: axit photphoric, supephotphat n, supephotphat kp. vit y cc phng trnh ha hc. Bi 3. Hon thnh cc chuyn ha sau: + SiO2 + C ,12000 + HCl +O to + Ca,t o a. Ca3(PO4)2 A B C D b. Qung photphorit Photpho iphtpho pentaoxit axit phophoric amoni photphat axit photphoric canxi photphat c. H2PO4- + ? HPO42- + ? HPO42- + ? H2PO4- + ? Bi 4. Hy lp thnh mt dy bin ha ri vit phng trnh theo dy: Ag3PO4, Ca3(PO4)2, H3PO4, P2O5, P, PH3, Ca3P2 v Na3PO4 Bi 5. Qung cha hm lng 35% Ca3(PO4)2. tnh hm lng P2O5 trong 10 tn qung trn. Bi 6: bng phn ng ha hc hy nhn bit cc cht sau: Na2SO4, NaNO3, Na2S v Na3PO4 Bi 7. Cho 40g dung dch NaOH 10% tc dng vi 10g H3PO4 39,2%. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. Bi 8. Phn kali KCl sn xut c t qung sinvinit thng ch cha 50% K2O. Tnh hm lng % ca KCl trong phn bn Bi 9. Phn ln suphephotphat kp thc sn xut c thng ch cha 40% P 2O5. Tnh hm lng % ca Ca(HPO4)2 trong phn . Bi 10. Trn ln 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M vi 50ml dung dch H3PO4 1M. Tnh nng mol/l ca mui trong dung dch thu c. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 209
Bi 11: T 6,2 kg c th iu ch c bao nhiu kg H 3PO4 gi s hiu sut cc giai on ln lc l 70% v 90%. Bi 12. t chy hon ton 6,2g photpho trong oxi d. Cho sn phm to thnh tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH 32%, to thnh mui Na2HPO4 a. Vit phng trnh phn ng b. Tnh khi lng NaOH cn dng c. Tnh nng phn trm ca mui trong dung dch thu c. Bi 13. trung ha hon ton dung dch thu c khi thy phn 4,54g photpho halogenua cn dng 55ml dung dch NaOH 3M. Xc nh cng thc ca phtpho trihalogen , bit rng phn ng thy phn to ra hai axit, trong c axit H3PO3 l axit hai nc. Bi 14. Thm 6g P2O5 vo 25ml dung dch H3PO4 6,0%( d=1,03g/ml). Tnh khi lng phn trm ca H3PO4 trong dung dch thu c. Bi 15. Nhn bit HCl, HNO3 v H3PO4 Bi 16. T khng kh than v nc, cc cht v c cn thit vit phn ng iu ch NH4NO3 Bi 17. Cho 20 gam NaOH tc dng vi 18.375 gam H3PO4, c cn dd thu c m gam hn hp hai mui khan. Xc nh m? Bi 18. Cho 200 ml dd NaOH 2M tc dng 150ml dd H3PO4 2M. Xc nh s mol cc cht sau phn ng? Bi 19. Trn 200 ml dd natri nitirt 3M vi 200 ml dung dch amoniclorua 2M , un nng n phn ng hon ton. Xc nh th tch N2 sinh ra (kc)? Bi 20. Thm 0.15 mol KOH vo dd cha 0.1 mol H3PO4. Xc nh cc mui to thnh sau phn ng? Bi 21. Cho 44gam NaOH vo dd cha 39.2gam H3PO4. Xc nh khi lng cc cht to thnh sau phn ng? Bi 22: t chy hon ton 46,5 kg photpho trong oxi d. d) Ha tan sn phm vo lng nc va iu ch dung dch H3PO4 5M. Tnh th tch dung dch thu c. e) Ha tan sn phm vo 300 kg nc. Tnh nng % ca dung dch H3PO4 thu uc. Bi 23: Cn ly bao nhiu tn qung photphorit c cha 60% khi lng Ca3(PO4)2 iu ch c 150 kg photpho, bit rng lng P hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 4%. Bi 24: t chy hon ton 6,8 gam mt hp cht ca photpho thu c 14,2 g P2O5 v 5,4 g H2O. Cho sn Bi 25: phm thu c vo 50 g dung dch NaOH 32%. a) Tm cng thc phn t ca hp cht. b) Tnh nng % ca dung dch mui thu c. Bi 26: dung dch cha 23,52 g H3PO4 vo dung dch cha 12 g NaOH. Tnh khi lng cht tan thu c. Bi 27: Phn m amoni clorua thng ch c 23% khi lng nit. a. Tnh khi lng phn bn cung cp 40kg nit. Tnh hm lng % NH4Cl trong phn m . Bi 28: Phn kali clorua thng ch c 50% khi lng K2O. Tnh hm lng % KCl trong phn kali . Bi 29: Phn supephotphat kp thc t thng ch c 40% khi lng P2O5. Tnh hm lng % canxiihidrophotphat trong phn ln . Bi 30: Cho 11,2 m3 (ktc) tc dng vi 39,2 kg H3PO4. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca amophot trong hn hp thu c sau phn ng. Bi 31: t chy hon ton 3,1g P ta c cht A chia lm 2 phn bng nhau: -Ly phn 1 ho tan hon ton vo 500g nc ta c dd B.Tnh nng % ca dd B. -Ly phn 2 cho tc dng vi 400ml dd NaOH 0,3M sau em c cn dd th thu c bao nhiu g cht rn? Bi 32: Dng dd HNO3 60%(d=1,37) oxi ho P thnh H3PO4. Mun bin lng axit thnh mui NaH2PO4 cn dng 25ml ddNaOH 25%(d=1,28). Tnh th tch HNO3 dng oxi ho P. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 210
b.
Bi 33: a. Cho 21,3g P2O5 vo dd cha 16g NaOH, th tch dd sau l 400ml. Xc nh CM ca nhng mui to nn trong dd thu c. b. Thm 44g NaOH vo dd cha 39,2g H3PO4 v c cn dd. Xc nh khi lng mui thu c sau p. Bi 34: t chy hon ton 6,8g hp cht ca pht pho thu c 14,2g P2O5 v 5,4g H2O. Cho cc sn phm vo 50g dd NaOH 32%. a. Xc nh CTHH ca hp cht. b. Tnh C% ca dd mui thu c sau phn ng. Bi 35: un nng hn hp Ca v P . Ho tan sn phm thu c vo dd HCl d thu c 28lt kh ktc. t chy kh ny thnh P2O5. Lng oxit thu c tc dng vi dd kim to thnh 142g Na2HPO4. Xc nh thnh phn hn hp u. Bi 36: Cho 12,4g P tc dng hon ton vi oxi. Sau cho ton b lng P2O5 ho tan hon ton vo 80ml dd NaOH 25%(d=1,28). Tnh C% c?a dd mui sau phn ng. Bi 37: Thm 250ml dd NaOH 2M vo 200ml dd H3PO4 1,5M. a. Tm khi lng mui to thnh? b. Tnh nng mol/l ca dd to thnh. Bi 38: Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi: a. Cho dd cha 11,76g H3PO4 vo dd cha 16,8g KOH. b. Cho dd cha 39,2g H3PO4 vo dd cha 44g NaOH. Bi 39: Cho 50g dd KOH 33,6%. Tnh khi lng dd H3PO4 50% cn cho vo dd KOH thu c: a. Hai mui kali ihirphotphat v kali hirphotphat vi t l s mol l 2:1. b. 10,44g kali hirphotphat v 12,72g kali photphat. Bi 40: a. Trn ln 50ml dd H3PO4 1,5M v 75ml dd KOH 3M. Tnh nng CM ca mui trong dd thu c. b.Tnh th tch dd KOH 1,5M cn cho vo 75ml dd H3PO4 thu c dd kali ihirphotphat. Tnh nng CM ca mui trong dd ny.
II BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1. Cng thc ha hc ca magie photphua l: A. Mg2P2 B. Mg3P2 C. Mg5P2 D. Mg3(PO4)2 Cu 2. Trong phng trnh phn ng H2SO4 + P H3PO4 + SO2 + H2O. H s ca P l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 3. Cho phtphin vo nc ta c dung dch c mi trng g? A. Axit B. Baz C. Trung tnh D. Khng xc nh Cu 4. Thuc th dng bit: HCl, HNO3 v H4PO3 A. Qu tm B. Cu C. dd AgNO3 D. Cu v AgNO3 Cu 5. Trong dung dch H3PO4 c bao nhiu ion khc. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. v s Cu 6. Ha tan 1mol Na3PO4 vo H2O. S mol Na+ c hnh thnh sau khi tch ra khi mui l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 7. Ha cht no sau y iu ch H3PO4 trong cng nghip: A.Ca3(PO4)2 v H2SO4(l) B. Ca2HPO4 v H2SO4() C. P2O5 v H2SO4 D. H2SO4(c) v Ca3(PO4)2 Cu 8. Khi cho a mol H3PO4 tc dng vi b mol NaOH, khi b= 2a ta thu c mui na sau y: A. NaH2PO4 B. NaH2PO4 C. Na3PO4 D. NaH2PO4 v Na3PO4 Cu 9. Trn 50 ml dung dch H3PO4 1M vi V ml dung dch KOH 1M thu c mui trung ha. Gi tr ca V l.: A. 200ml B. 170ml C. 150ml D. 300ml Cu 10. Phn ln c nh gi bng hm lng no sau y: A. P B. P2O3 C. P2O5 D. H3PO4 Cu 11. Phn bn no sau y c hm lng nit cao nht: Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 211
A. NH4Cl B. NH4NO3 C. (NH4)2SO4 D. (NH4)2CO Cu 12. Cng thc ha hc ca m mt l l: A. NH4Cl B. (NH4)2SO4 C. NH4NO3 D. NaNO3 Cu 13. Cho 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M tc dng vi 200ml dung dch H 3PO4 1M. Mui thu c sau phn ng l: A.NaH2PO4 B. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4 C. Na2HPO4 v Na3PO4 D. Na3PO4 Cu 14. Khi lng dung dch H2SO4 65% dng iu ch c 500kg supephotphat kp l: A. 677kg B. 700kg C. 650kg D. 720kg Cu 15. Cho 2mol axit H3PO4 tc dng vi dung dch cha 5 mol NaOH th sau phn ng thu c mui no: A. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4 B. Na2HPO4 v Na3PO4 C. Na3PO4, NaH2PO4 v NaH2PO4 D. Na3PO4 Cu 16. Ha tan 14,2g P2O5 trong dung dch 250g H3PO4 9,8%. Nng dung dch axit H3PO4 mi l:A. 5,4% B. 14,7% C. 16,8% D. 17,6% Cu 17. Cho dung dch KOH n d vo 50ml (NH4)2SO4 1M. un nng nh, thu c th tch kh thot ra (ktc) l:A. 2,24 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 0,112 lt D. 4,48 lt Cu 18. Khi lng qung photphorit cha 65% Ca3(PO4)2 cn ly iu ch 150kg photpho l. Bit rng trong qu trnh iu ch c 3% P b hao ht. A. 1,189 tn B. 0,2 tn C. 0,5 tn D. 2,27 tn Cu 19. Phn m ure thng cha 46% N. Khi lng kg ure cung cp 70 kg N l: A. 152,2 B. 145,5 C. 160,9 D. 200,0 Cu 20.Phn lan supehotphat n c thnh phn ha hc l: A. Ca(H2PO4)2 v Ca3(PO4)3 B. Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaSO4.2H2O C. Ca(H2PO4)2 D. Ca3(PO4)2 Cu 21. nh gi dinh dng ca phn kali bng hm lng % A. K. B. KOH. C. phn kali so vi tp cht. D. K2O. Cu 22. dinh dng cao nht trong cc loi phn m cho sau l A. ure. B. kali nitrat. C. amoni sunfat. D. amoni clorua. Cu 23. Mui amoni no sau khi b nhit phn hy to ra sn phm c n cht A. nitrat. B. nitrit. C. clorua. D. hirocacbonat. Cu 24. Cng thc ha hc ca phn supephotphat kp l A. Ca(H2PO4)2 B. CaHPO4 C. Ca3(PO4)2. D.Ca(H2PO4)2. 2CaSO4 Cu 25. Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau: iu kin thng photpho hot ng ho hc mnh hn nit, do: A. Nguyn t photpho c in tch ht nhn ln hn nit B. Trong nhm VA, i t trn xung photpho xp sau nit. C. Lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t photpho km bn hn lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t nit. D. Nguyn t photpho c obitan 3d cn trng cn nguyn t nit khng c. Cu 26. trung ho hon ton dung dch thu c khi thu phn 4,54g mt photpho trihalogenua cn 55ml dung dch NaOH 3M. Halogen l nguyn t no sau y: A. Clo B. Flo C. Brom D.Iot Cu 27. Cho mt ming photpho vo 210g dung dch HNO3 60%. Phn ng to H3PO4 v NO. Dung dch sau phn ng c tnh axit v phi trung ho bng 3,33 lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng photpho ban u l bao nhiu (trong cc s cho di y). A. 41g B. 32g C. 31g D. Kt qu khc Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 212
Cu 28. Photpho trng v photpho khc nhau v tnh cht vt l v: A. Cu trc mng tinh th khc nhau B. Photpho trng c th chuynthnh photpho C. S nng chy v bay hi khc nhau D. Tan trong nc v dung mi khc nhau. Cu 29. Trong phn ng: KMnO4 + PH3 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnO2 + H3PO4 + H2O Sau khi cn bng phn ng, cc cht tham gia v to thnh c h s cn bng ln lt l: A. 8; 5; 4; 12; 8; 5; 12 B.8; 5; 12; 4; 8; 5; 12 C.8; 5; 12; 4; 8; 5; 12 D.4; 10; 12; 8; 4; 6; 12 Cu 30. Trong phn ng sau: P + H2SO4 -> H3PO4 + SO2 + H2O. Tng s cc h s trong phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh ny bng: A. 17 B. 18 C. 19 D. 16 Cu 31. t chy hon ton 6,2 g photpho trong oxi d. Cho sn phm to thnh tc dng vi 50g dung dch NaOH 32%. Mui to thnh trong dung dch phn ng l mui no sau y: A. Na2HPO4 B.Na3PO4 C.NaH2PO4 D.Na2HPO4 , NaH2PO4 Cu 32. Cho 6g P2O5 va 15ml dung dch H3PO4 6% ( D = 1,03g/ml). Nng phn trm ca H3PO4 trong dung dch thu c l:A. 41% B. 42% C. 43% D. 45% Cu 33. Cho dung dch cha 5,88g H3PO4 vo dung dch cha 8,4 g KOH. Sau phn ng, trong dung dch mui to thnh l: A. K2HPO4 v KH2PO4 B. K2HPO4 v K3PO4 C. K2HPO4 v K3PO4 D. Kt qu khc Cu 34. Thm 0,15 mol KOH vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol H3PO4 . Sau phn ng, trong dung dch c cc mui: A. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 B. KH2PO4 v K3PO4 C. K2HPO4 v K3PO4 D. KH2PO4 , K2HPO4 v K3PO4 Cu 35. Khi bn phn supepphotphat ngi ta khng trrn vi vi v: A. To kh PH3 B. To mui CaHPO4 kt ta C. To mui Ca3( PO4 )2 kt ta D. To mui khng tan : CaHPO4 v Ca3(PO4)2 Cu 36. Supepphotphat n chc c iu ch t mt loi bt qung cha 73% Ca3( PO4 )2; 26% CaCO3 v 1% SiO2. Khi lng dung dch H2SO4 65% tc dng vi 100kg qung trn l bao nhiu ( trong cc s di y)?A. 110,2 kg B.101,2 kg C.111,2 kg D. Kt qu khc Cu 37. Cho cc cht : Ca3 (PO4 )2 ; P2O5, P, PH3, Ca3P2. Nu lp mt dy bin ho biu din quan h gia cc cht trn th dy bin ho no sau y l ng: A. Ca3( PO4 )2 Ca3P2 P PH3 P2O5 B. Ca3( PO4 )2 P Ca3P2 PH3 P2O5 C. P -> Ca3P2 Ca3( PO4 )2 PH3 P2O5 D. Ca3( PO4 )2 Ca3P2 P PH3 P2O5 Cu 38. Cho cc mu phn m sau y: amoni, sunfat, amoni clorua, natri nitrat, c th dng thuc th no sau y nhn bit cc phn m trn A. dd NaOH B. ddNH3 C. dd Ba(OH)2 D. dd BaCl2 Cu 39. C bn l khng dn nhn ng cc ho cht ring bit l: Na2SO4, NaNO3, Na2S v Na3PO4, hy chn trnh t tin hnh no sau y nhn bit cc ho cht trong cc l. A. Dng qu tm, dng dung dch BaCl2, dng dung dch AgNO3 B. Dng dung dch BaCl2, dng dung dch AgNO3 C. Dng dung dch BaCl2, dng dung dch AgNO3 D. Tt c u ng. Cu 40. Cho 0,2 mol H3PO4 vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol NaOH . Sau phn ng trong dung dch c cc mui: A. Na2HPO2 v Na3PO4 B. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4 C. NaH2PO4 v Na3PO4 D. Kt qu khc H3PO4 + NO Cu 41. Trong phn ng: P + HNO3 + H2O Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 213
Sau khi cn bng phn ng, cc cht phn ng v sn phm c h s cn bng ln lt l: A. 3; 5; 2; 3; 5 B. 3; 5; 3; 2; 5 C. 3; 5; 2; 5; 3 D. Kt qu khc Cu 42. Rt dung dch cha 11,76g H3PO4 vo dung dch cha 16,8g KOH . Mui to thnh l mui no sau y: A. K2HPO4 B. K3PO4 C.K2HPO4 v K3PO4 D. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 Cu 43. Cho 44g sung dch NaOH 10% tc dng vi 10g dung dch axit photphoric 39,2%. Mui no sau y thu c sau phn ng: A. NaH2PO4 B. Na2HPO4 C.. Na3PO4 D. Na2HPO4 v Na3PO4 Cu 44. Chn cng thc ng ca apatit: A. Ca3(PO4)2 B.Ca3(PO4)2. CaF2 C. 3Ca3(PO4)2. CaF2 D. CaP2O7 Cu 45. Cho 44g NaOH vo dung dch cha 39,2 g H3PO4. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, em c cn dung dch n kh. Hi mui no c to thnh khi lng mui khan thu c l bao nhiu. A. Na3PO4 v 50 g. B. Na3HPO4 v 15 g. C. NaH2PO4 v 19,2 g; Na2HPO4 v 14,2g D. Na2HPO4 v 14,2g; Na3PO4 v 49,2g Cu 46. Axit nitric v axit photphoric cng c phn ng vi nhm cc cht sau: A. CuCl2, NaOH, K2CO3, NH3 B. NaOH, K2O , NH3, Na2CO3 C. KCl, NaOH, Na2CO3, NH3 D. CuSO4, MgO, KOH, NH3 Cu 47. C 3 mu phn ho hc khng ghi nhn l phn m NH4NO3, phn kali v phn supephotphat Ca(H2PO4)2. Hy chn trnh t tin hnh no sau y nhn bit cc loi phn bn trn?. A. Dng dung dch NaOH, dng dung dch Ca(OH)2 B. Dng dung dch Ca(OH)2 C. Nhit phn, dng dung dch Ba(OH)2 D. Tt c u ng. Cu 48. phn bit cc dung dch axit HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 v H3PO4, ngi ta ch dng thm mt ho cht no sau y : A. Cu kim loi B. Natri kim loi C. Bari kim loi D. Khng xc nh c Cu 49. Axit Photphoric u phn ng c vi cc cht trong nhm no sau y? A. Ca, Na2CO3, CaO, KOH B. Cu, AgNO3, CaO, KOH C. Ag, AgCl, MgO, NaOH D. Cu, AgNO3, CaO, KOH Cu 50. Cho 2 mol KOH vo dd cha 1,5 mol H3PO4. Sau phn ng trong dd c cc mui : A. KH2PO4 v K3PO4 B. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 C. KH2PO4, K3PO4 v K2HPO4 D. K3PO4 v K2HPO4 Cu 51. iu kin thng n cht photpho kh hot ng hn so vi kh nito l do : A. Lin kt gia cc nguyn t photpho l lin kt n km bn hn so vi lin kt gia cc nguyn t nito trong phn t nito llin kt ba B. Nguyn t photpho c obitan 3d trng, cn nguyn t nito khng c C. Nguyn t photpho c m in nh hn nguyn t nito D. Photpho trng thi rn cn nito trng thi kh Cu 52. Dung dch H3PO4 cha nhng phn t : A. H+, OH-, PO43B. HPO42-, H2PO4-, H+, PO43-, H3PO4 C. PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4-, H+ D. PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4Cu 53. Cho dd c cha 0,25 mol KOH vo dung dch c cha0,1 mol H3PO4. Mui thu c sau phn ng l : A. K2HPO4 v K3PO4 B. K2HPO4 v KH2PO4 C. K3PO4 v KH2PO4 D. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 v K3PO4 Cu 54. Trong cc cu sau : Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 214
1- Cc mui nitrat u km bn d b nhit phn 2- NH3 l cht kh 3- H3PO4 l axit 2 nc 4- H3PO4 l axit trung bnh Nhm gm cc cu ng l : A. 1, 3, 4 B. 1, 2, 4 C. 1, 2, 3 D. 2, 3, 4 Cu 55. Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau : A. H3PO4 l axit c tnh OXH B. Photpho trng bn hn photpho C. iu kin thng N2 bn hn P D. NH3 va l cht kh, va l cht OXH Cu 56. dd cha 1,8 mol NaOH vo dd cha 1 mol H3PO4. Mui thu c c s mol l: A. 1 mol NaH2PO4 B. 0,6 mol Na3PO4 C. 0,2 mol NaH2PO4 v 0,8 mol Na2HPO4 D. 0,8 mol NaH2PO4 v 0,2 mol Na2HPO4 Cu 57. Kh t chua bng vi v bn phn m cho cy ng cch l cch no sau y? A. Bn m cng mt lc vi vi. B. Bn phn m trc ri vi ngy sau mi bn vi kh chua. C. Bn vi kh chua trc ri vi ngy sau mi bn m D. Cch no cng c Cu 58. C 3 mu phn bn ho hc: KCl, NH4NO3, Ca(H2PO4)2. Ch dng dd no sau y l c th nhn bit c mi loi? A. Dd HCl B. Dd H2SO4 C. Dd Ca(OH)2 D. dd AgNO3 Cu 59. Cho 0,02 mol H3PO4 tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,05 mol NaOH. Cc cht rn thu c sau phn ng gm: A. NaH2PO4 v H3PO4 d B. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4 C. Na2HPO4 vNa3PO4 D. Na3PO4 v NaOH d Cu 60. Tnh s mol P2O5 cn thm vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol KOH sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha hai mui K2HPO4 v KH2PO4 vi s mol bng nhau A. 0,01 B. 0,02 C. 0,03 D. p s khc
Bi 1. H2O , SO2 , Br2 , H2CO3 ,C2H6 , Ca(HCO3)2 , H2SO4 , NaClO , Mg(OH)2 , CuSO4 , C6H6 , C2H5OH , CH3COOH , C6H12O6 , CaO , CH3COONa . Nhng cht no l cht in li. Bi 2. Cho cc cht : HCl, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4, H2CO3, H2S, CH3COOH, HClO, HF, H2SO3, HNO2, HI, NaOH, Bi(OH)3, KOH, Sr(OH)2, RbOH, Ba(OH)2, NaCl, Na3PO4, NaHCO3, CaCl2, KHSO4, KClO3, CuSO4, Mg(OH)2, CH3COONa . a) Cht no l cht in li mnh ? Vit phng trnh in li. b) Cht no l cht in li yu ? Vit phng trnh in Vieet Bi 3. Vit phng trnh in li trong nc: a) Cc hiroxit lng tnh : Al(OH)3 , Zn(OH)2 , Pb(OH)2 , Sn(OH)2 , Cr(OH)3 , Cu(OH)2. b) Cc mui : NaCl.KCl , K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O , KCl.MgCl2.6H2O , NaHCO3 , Na2HPO4 , NaH2PO3, Na2HPO3 , NaH2PO2 , [Ag(NH3)2]Cl , [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 , [Zn(NH3)4](NO3)2 . Bi 4. Trong s cc mui sau, mui no l mui axit ? mui no l mui trung ho ? (NH4)2SO4 , K2SO4 , NaHCO3 , CH3COONa , Na2HPO4 , NaHSO4 , Na2HPO3 , Na3PO4 ,NaHS, NaClO. Bi 5. C bn dung dch : Kali clorua, ru etylic, axit axetic, kali sunfat, u c nng 0,01 mol/l. Hy so snh kh nng dn in ca cc dung dch . Gii thch ngn gn. Bi 6. Cho mt dung dch axit axetic CH3COOH ( cht in li yu). Nu ho tan vo dung dch mt t tinh th natri axetat CH3COONa ( cht in li mnh) , th nng ion H+ c thay i khng ? nu c th thay i nh th no ? Gii thch. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 215
CHNG 1: S IN LI.
Bi 7. Cho mt dung dch amonic, nu ha tan vo dung dch ny mt t tinh th amoni clorua NH4Cl (cht in li mnh) th nng OH- c thay i khng ? Nu c th thay i nh th no? Gii thch. Bi 8. Vit biu thc hng s phn li axit Ka hoc hng s phn li baz Kb cho cc trng hp sau : NH + , NO , HClO , CH3COO- , S2- , H2CO3 . 4 2 Bi 9. Vit cng thc ca cc cht m khi in li to ra cc ion sau : a) K+ v PO 3 b) Al3+ v NO 3 c) Fe3+ v SO 2 d) K+ v MnO 2 4 4 4 e) Na+ v CrO 2 4 f) Cu2+ v SO 2 4 g) Rb+ v Clh) CH3COO- v Na+.
Bi 10. Trong mt dung dch cha ng thi cc ion : Na+ , Al3+ , Cu2+, Cl- , SO 2 , NO 3 . Khi c cn dung 4 dch ta c th thu c ti a my mui ? Vit cng thc phn t ca cc mui . Bi 11. C 3 ng nghim, mi ng nghim cha 2 cation v 2 anion (khng trng lp gia cc ng nghim) 2 trong s cc cation v anion sau : NH + , Na+ , Ag+ , Ba2+ , Mg2+, Al3+ v Cl- , Br- , NO 3 , SO 2 , PO 3 , CO 3 . 4 4 4 Hy xc nh cc cation v anion sau trong tng ng nghim. Bi 12. C th pha ch dung dch ng thi cha cc ion sau khng ? V sao? a) Na+, Ag+, Clb) Ba2+, K+, SO 2 c) Mg2+, H+, SO 2 , NO 3 4 4 d) Mg2+, Na+, SO 2 , CO 3 4 g) Br-, NH + , Ag+, Ca2+ 4
2
e) H+, Na+, NO 3 , CO 3
f) H+, NO 3 , OH-, Ba2+. i) HCO 3 , H+, K+, Ca2+.

h) OH-, HCO 3 , Na+, Ba2+
Bi 13. Trong mt dung dch c cha cc ion : Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, HCO 3 , Cl-. Hy nu v gii thch: - Trong dung dch c th c nhng mui no ? - Khi c cn dung dch c th thu c nhng mui no ? - Khi nung hn hp cht rn sau khi c cn c th thu c nhng cht g ? Bi 14. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO 3 v d mol Cl- . Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d v cng thc tng khi lng mui trong dung dch. Bi 15. Trong mt dung dch c cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl-, d mol SO 2 . 4 a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d. b) Nu a = 0,1 ; c = 0,1 ; d = 0,3 th b bng bao nhiu ? T kt qu ny hy tnh tng khi lng cc mui c trong dung dch. Bi 16. Mt dung dch c cha 2 loi cation Fe2+(0,1 mol) v Al3+(0,2 mol) cng 2 loi anion l Cl-(x mol) v SO 2 (y mol) . Tnh x ,y . Bit rng khi c cn dung dch v lm khan thu c 46,9 gam cht kt ta. 4 Bi 17. C hai dung dch , dung dch A v dung dch B. Mi dung dch ch cha 2 loi cation v 2 loi anion trong s cc ion sau : K+(0,15 mol) ; Mg2+(0,1 mol) ; NH + (0,25 mol) ; H+(0,2 mol) ; Cl-(0,1 mol); SO 2 4 4 (0.075 mol) ; NO 3 (0,25 mol) ; CO 3 (0,15 mol). Xc nh dung dch A v dung dch B. Bi 18. Dung dch A cha a mol K+ , b mol NH + , c mol HCO 3 , d mol SO 2 (khng k ion H+ v OH- ca 4 4 nc). Cho thm (c+d+e) mol Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch A thu c dung dch X , kh Y vag kt ta Z. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton. Tm biu thc lin h a, b, c, d, e trong dung dch A v dung dch X. Bi 19. Mt dung dch cha a mol NaHCO3 v b mol Na2CO3 . a) Khi thm (a+b) mol BaCl2 hoc (a +b) mol Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch trn th khi lng kt ta thu c trong hai trng hp c bng nhau khng ? Gii thch . Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton. b) Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c trong trng hp a = 0,1 mol v b = 0,2 mol. Bi 20. Hy xc nh tng khi lng ca cc mui c trong dung dch A cha cc ion Na+, NH + , SO 2 , CO 4 4 . Bit rng : - Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d v un nng thu c 0,34 gam kh c th lm xanh giy qu m v 4,3 gam kt ta. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 216
2 3 2
- Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 d th thu c 0,224 lt kh (ddktc). 2 Bi 21. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na+, NH + , SO 2 , CO 3 . 4 4 a) Dung dch A trn c th iu ch t hai mui trung ho no ? b) Chia dung dch A lm hai phn bng nhau : - Phn th nht cho tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d ,un nng ta thu c 4,3 gam kt ta X v 470,4 ml kh Y 13,5oC v 1 atm. - Phn th hai cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 235,2 ml kh 13,5oC v 1 atm. Tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong dung dch A. Bi 22. Mt dung dch cha x mol Cu2+, y mol K+; 0,03 mol Cl- v 0,02 mol SO 2 . Tng khi lng cc 4 mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Hy xc nh gi tr x v y. Bi 23. a) Mt dung dch A cha 0,03 mol Ca2+; 0,06 mol Al3+; 0,06 mol NO 3 ; 0.09 mol SO 2 . Mui c 4 trong dung dch ny th phi ho tan hai mui no vo nc ? Gii thch. b) Kt qu xc nh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch sau: [Na+] = 0,05 ; [Ca2+] = 0,01 ; [NO 3 ] = 0,01 ; [Cl-] = 0,04 ; [HCO 3 ] = 0,025. Kt qu trn ng hay sai ? V sao. Bi 24. Trong 1 ml dung dch axit nitr nht nht nh c 5,64.1019 phn t HNO2 ; c 3,60.1018 ion NO 3 . a) Tnh in li ca axit nitr trong dung dch nhit . b) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch ni trn. Bi 25. Trong 500 ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,01 M, = 4% c bao nhiu ht vi m ( phn t , ion). Khng tnh nc. Bi 26. Dung dch axit axetic 0,6% c khi lng ring xp x 1 g/ml. in li ca axit axetic trong iu kin ny l 1,0% . Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dung dch ( b qua s in li ca nc). Bi 27. Tnh in li ca axit fomic HCOOH, nu dung dch 0,46% (d = 1,0g/ml) ca axit fomic c pH = 3. Bi 28. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c in li = 1% . Vit phng trnh in li CH3COOH v xc nh pH ca dung dch ny. 2 Bi 29. Theo nh ngha axit baz ca Bron-stt cc ion : Na+, NH + , CO 3 , CH3COO- , HCO 3 , HSO , K+, 4 4 Cl- , Cu2+, SO 2 l axit , baz, lng tnh hay trung tnh ? Ti sao? 4 Trn c s , hy d on cc dung dch ca tng cht cho di y c pH ln hn , nh hn, hay bng 7. Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, Na2SO4, CuSO4, NH4Cl, NH4HSO4. Bi 30. Mt dung dch c cha 3 gam axit CH3COOH trong 250 ml dung dch. Cho bit in li ca axit CH3COOH l = 0,01. a) Tnh nng mol/l ca phn t v ion c trong dung dch axit . b) Tnh pH ca dung dch axit trn. Bi 31. Dung dch A c cha ng thi hai mui natri clorua (0,3mol/l) v kali photphat (0,1mol/l). a) C th pha ch dung dch A bng cch ho tan vo nc hai mui kali clorua v natri photphat c khng ? b) Nu c th c, pha ch 2 lt dung dch A cn bao nhiu mol kali clorua v bao nhiu mol natri photphat ? Bi 32. Dung dch A c cha ng thi ba mui : Na2SO4 0,05M ; KCl 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M. a) C th pha ch dung dch A c hay khng nu ch ho tan vo nc hai mui sau y ? * NaCl v K2SO4 * KCl v Na2SO4. b) Nu c th c, chun b 200 ml dung dch A cn ho tan vo nc bao nhiu gam mi mui? Bi 33. imetyl amin (CH3)2NH l mt baz mnh hn amonic . imetyl amin trong nc c phn ng + thu phn sau: (CH3)2NH + H2O (CH3)2NH 2 + OHSu tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 217
a) Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li baz Kb ca imetyl amin. b) Nu thm mt t mui khan (CH3)2NH2Cl vo dunh dch trn th nng OH- thay i nh th no ? V sao ? c) Tnh pH ca dung dch imetyl amin 1,5M . Bit rng Kb = 5,9.10-4. Bi 34. a) Dung dch axit fomic HCOOH c pH = 3,0 . Tnh in li ca axit fomic. b) Tnh nng H+ v ion axetat CH3COO- trong dung dch axit CH3COOH 0,1M, bit in li ca dung dch bng 1,3% Bi 35. a) Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M (Bit Ka = 1,75.10-5) b) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H+ trong dung dch NH4Cl 0,1M. Bit Kb ca NH3 bng 1,8.10-5. c) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H+ trong dung dch NH3 0,01M ( Bit Kb = 1,8.10-5 ). d) Tnh nng mol/l ion H+ ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M ( Bit Kb ca CH3COO- l 5,71.10-10). Bi 36. So snh pH ca cc dung dch sau c cng nng v iu kin . Gii thch . a) Cc dung dch : HCl ; H2SO4 ; CH3COOH . b) Cc dung dch : NaOH ; Ba(OH)2 ; dung dch NH3 . Bi 37. Cho dung dch H2S 0,1M . Bit axit ny c th phn li 2 nc : H2S H+ + HS- ; Ka1 = 1,0.10-7 HSH+ + S2- ; Ka2 = 1,3.10-13 a) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H+ v pH ca dung dch . b) Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion HS- v S2- trong dung dch . Bi 38. Trong hai dung dch cc th d sau y, dung dch no c pH ln hn ? a) Dung dch 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 1,0.10-4 v dung dch 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 4,0.10-5. b) Dung dch HCl 0,1M v dung dch HCl 0,01M. c) Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M v dung dch HCl 0,1M. d) Dung dch HCl 0,01M v dung dch H2SO4 0,01M. Gii thch vn tt cho mi trng hp. Bi 39. Dung dch axit fomic 0,007M c pH = 3,0. a) Tnh in li ca axit fomic trong dung dch . b) Nu ho tan thm 0,001 mol HCl vo 1 lit dung dch th in li ca axit fomic tng hay gim ? Gii thch. Bi 40. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau: a) Dung dch HCl 0,001M. b) Dung dch H2SO4 0,0001M . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. c) Dung dch NaOH 0.01M . d) Dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,0001M . Coi Ba(OH)2 phn li hon ton. Bi 41. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi cho 100 ml H2SO4 0,1M vo 400 ml dung dch NH3 0,05M . Coi Ka(NH + ) = 5,6.10-10 . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. 4 Bi 42. Thm 100 ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,05M . Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c . Cho Kb(CH3COO-) = 5,71.10-10 . Bi 43.a) Cho m gam Na vo nc, ta thu c 2 lit dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh m(g) . b) Ho tan a gam kim loi Ba vo nc thu c 1,5 lit dung dch X c pH = 12 . Tnh a (g). c) Dn V(lit) HCl (ktc) vo nc ta thu c 2 lt dung dch Y c pH = 1. Xc nh V (lit). d) Dn V(l) SO3 (ktc) vo nc ta thu c 5 lt dung dch C c pH = 2 . Tnh V(l) . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 44. Tnh pH ca dung dch gm NH4Cl 0,2M v NH3 0,1M . Bit rng hng s phn li axit ca NH + l 4 KNH 4 = 5,0.10-10 . Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 218
+
Bi 45. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ion rt gn di y v vit phng trnh phn t ca cc phn ng tng ng di y. a) Cr3+ + Cr(OH)3 b) Pb2+ + PbS c) Ag+ + AgCl d) Ca2+ + Ca3(PO4)2 2e) S + H2S f) CH3COO- + CH3COOH g) H+ + H2O h) OH- + AlO + 2 2 + 3+ i) H + Al + . k) OH + CO 3 + Bi 46. Vit phng trnh trao i ion cc dung dch sau y (dng phn t v ion rt gn) : a) CaCl2 v AgNO3 b) Pb(NO3)2 v Al2(SO4)3 c) FeSO4 v NaOH d) NaNO3 v CuSO4 e) Fe2(SO4)3 v NaOH f) CH3COOH v HCl g) (NH4)2SO4 v Ba(OH)2 h) NH4Cl v Ba(OH)2 i) Ba(NO3)2 v CuSO4 j) KCl v Na2SO4 k) Pb(OH)2 (r) v HCl l) Pb(OH)2 (r) v NaOH. Bi 47. Hy dn ra phn ng gia dung dch cc cht in li to ra : a) Hai cht kt ta . b) Mt cht kt ta v mt cht kh . c) Mt cht kt ta , mt cht kh v mt cht in li yu . d) Mt cht kh , mt cht in li yu v mt cht in li mnh . e) Mt cht in li yu v mt cht in li mnh . Bi 48. Cho cc mui : NH4Cl, K2SO4, Ba(NO3)2, CH3COOONa , Na2CO3, KHSO3 , Na2HPO4 , CuSO4 , NaCl , Al2(SO4)3 , (CH3COO)2Pb , (NH4)2CO3 . Mui no trong s mui trn b thu phn kh ho tan vo nc . Vit phng trnh minh ho . Bi 49.a) Cho cc dung dch NaCl, Na2CO3, C6H5OH, NH4Cl c mi trng axit , kim hay trung tnh ? Gii thch . b) Cho qu tm vo cc dung dch sau y : NH4Cl , CH3COOK , Ba(NO3)2 , Na2CO3 . Qu tm i mu g ? Gii thch . c) C th dng qu tm phn bit 2 dung dch NaOH v Na2CO3 c khng ? Ti sao ? d) C th dng qu tm phn bit 2 dung dch HCl v dung dch NH4Cl c khng ? Ti sao ? e) V sao NH3 khng tn ti trong mi trng axit ? V sao Zn(OH)2 khng tn ti trong mi trng axit cng nh trong mi trng kim ? Bi 50. Hy ghi ng s thay i mu ca qu , qu xanh, qu tm khi nhng ln lt chng vo tng dung dch sau : Dung dch KCl FeCl3 NaNO3 K2S Zn(NO3)2 Na2CO3 Qu Qu xanh Qu tm Bi 51. C bn bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt trong cc dung dch sau : Na2SO4, Na2CO3 , BaCl2, KNO3 vi nng khong 0,1M . Ch dng thm qu tm, hy nu cch phn bit cc dung dch trn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho . Bi 52 y ng ring bit trong cc bnh khng c nhn : NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4 , BaCl2 , NaOH , Na2CO3 . Bi 53. C 3 l ho cht mt nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch NaCl , Na2CO3 v HCl . Khng c dng thm bt k ho cht no (k c qu tm), lm th no nhn ra cc dung dch ny. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra di dng phn t v ion . Bi 54. Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn bit cc dung dch sau : Na2CO3 , Na2SO3 , Na2SO4, Na2SiO3 v Na2S. Bi 55. Hy phn bit cc cht bt sau : NaCl , Na2CO3 , Na2SO4 , BaCO3 , BaSO4 ( Ch dng thm 1 ho cht v nc).
Bi 56. C 4 bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt hn hp dung dch sau y : K2CO3 v Na2SO4 ; KHCO3 v Na2CO3 ; KHCO3 v Na2SO4 ; Na2SO4 v K2SO4 . Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit 4 bnh ny m ch dng thm dung dch NaCl v dung dch Ba(NO3)2 . Bi 57. Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn sau : Ba(OH)2 , H2SO4 , FeCL3 , FeCl2 , AlCl3 , CuCl2 , NaCl , Na2CO3 , NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4 . (Ch dng thm qu tm) Bi 58. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08 mol/l v H2SO4 0,01 mol/l vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng x mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Hy tnh m v x. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. Bi 59. Tr 300 ml dung dch c cha NaOH 0,1mol/l v Ba(OH)2 0,025 mol/l vi 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 nng x mol/l, thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 2 . Hy tnh m v x. Coi Ba(OH)2 v H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 60. Thm t t 400 ml dung dch H2SO4 49% vo nc v iu chnh lng nc thu c ng 2 lt dung dch A . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. a) Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dung dch A . b) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1,8M cn thm vo 0,5 lt dung dch A thu c * dung dch c pH = 1 ; * dung dch c pH = 13. Bi 61. X l dung dch H2SO4 0,02M, Y l dung dch NaOH 0,035M . Khi trn ln dung dch X vi dung dch Y ta thu c dung dch Z c th tch bng tng th tch hai dung dch mang trn v c pH = 2. Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Hy tnh t l th tch gia dung dch X v dung dch Y . Bi 62. Cho 40 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,375M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 0,16M v KOH 0,04M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 63. Trn 3 dung dch H2SO4 0,1M ; HNO3 0,2M ; HCl 0,3M vi th tch bng nhau thu c dung dch A . Ly 300 ml dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch B gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M . Tnh th tch dung dch B cn dng sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch c pH = 1. Coi Ba(OH)2 v H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 64. A l dung dch H2SO4, B l dung dch NaOH . Tin hnh cc th nghim sau : - Trn 0,2 lt A v 0,3 lt B thu c 0,5 lt dung dch C . trung ho 20 ml dung dch C cn 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. - Trn 0,3 lt A vi 0,2 lt B thu c 0,5 lt dung dch D. trung ho 20 ml dung dch D cn 80 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Tnh nng mol ca H2SO4 v NaOH trong dung dch A, B . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 65.a) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,01M cn trung ho 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 3 . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. b) Pha long 10 ml dung dch HCl vi nc thnh 250 ml, dung dch thu c c pH = 3 . Hy tnh nng mol ca dung dch HCl trc khi pha long v pH ca dung dch . Bi 66.a) Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi ho tan 0,4 gam NaOH vo 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,05M. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,1M cn trung ho 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. c) Pha long 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 vi 1,5 lt nc c dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh nng dung dch Ba(OH)2 trc khi pha long . Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. Bi 67.a) Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi cho mt lt dung dch H2SO4 0,005M tc dng vi 4 lt dung dch NaOH 0,005M. b) Trn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,05M vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 a mol/l c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a . Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 220
Bi 68.a) Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 (dd A) . Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch A bao nhiu ln c dung dch NaOH c pH = 11 . b) Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 10 (dd B) . Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch B bao nhiu ln c dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 . c) Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 2 (dd C) . Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch C bao nhiu ln c dung dch HCl c pH = 4 . d) Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 4 (dd D) . Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch D bao nhiu ln c dung dch HCl c pH = 3 . Bi 69. A l dung dch H2SO4 0,5M , B l dung dch NaOH 0,5M . Cn trn VA vi VB theo t l no c : * dung dch c pH = 2 ; * dung dch c pH = 13 . ( Coi cc cht phn li hon ton) Bi 70. Trn V1 lt dung dch HCl 0,6M v V2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,4M thu c 0,6 lt dung dch A. Tnh V1 , V2. Bit rng 0,6 lt dung dch A c th ho tan ht 1,02 gam Al2O3 . Bi 71. Nh t t dung dch NaOH 2M vo 100 ml dung dch Y cha cc ion Zn2+, Fe3+, SO 2 cho n khi 4 2+ 3+ kt ta ht cc ion Zn , Fe th thy th tch dung dch NaOH dng l 350 ml. Tip tc thm 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo h trn th mt cht kt ta va tan ht. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion c trong dung dch Y . Bi 72. Ly 100 ml dung dch A cha HCl 2M v HNO3 1,5M cho tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch B cha NaOH 0,5M v KOH nng a mol/l thu c 500 ml dung dch C trung tnh. Tnh a v nng mol/l ca cc ion trong dung dch. Bi 73. Cho 100 ml dung dch A cha Na2SO4 0,1M v Na2CO3 0,1M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch B cha Ba(NO3)2 0,05M v Pb(NO3)2 aM to kt ta . Tnh nng mol/l ca Pb(NO3)2 v khi lng chung ca cc kt ta . Bi 74. C 1lt dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,1M v (NH4)2CO3 0,25M. Cho 43 gam hn hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo dung dch . Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 39,7 gam kt ta A v dung dch B. Tnh %m cc cht trong A.
Phn loi bi tp ha hc v c theo tng dng

PHN LOI BI TP HA HC V C THEO TNG DNG - Dng 1: Kim loi, oxit kim loi, bazo, mui tc dng vi cc axit khng c tnh oxi ha - Dng 2: Kim loi, oxit kim loi, bazo, mui tc dng vi cc axit c tnh oxi ha mnh - Dng 3: Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui - Dng 4: Hp cht lng tnh - Dng 5: Bi tp v in phn - Dng 6: Bi tp v phn ng ca SO2, CO2 vi dung dch kim - Dng 7: Bi tp v phn ng ca H2, C, CO, Al vi oxit kim loi - Dng 8: Bi tp xc nh cng thc ha hc - Dng 9: Bi tp v hiu sut I- DNG 1 BI TP: KIM LOI, OXIT KIM LOI, BAZ, MUI TC DNG VI AXIT KHNG C TNH OXI HA ( HCl, H2SO4 long ) 1. Phng php gii chung : - Cch 1: Cch gii thng thng: s dng phng php i s, thit lp mi quan h gia d kin bi ton Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 221
vi n s, sau gii phng trnh hoc h phng trnh - Cch 2: Cch gii nhanh: S dng cc nh lut nh: Bo ton in tch, bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn t ( Kt hp vi pp i s gii) * Ch : Thng thng mt bi ton phi phi hp t 2 phng php gii tr ln, ch khng n thun l p dng 1 phng php gii V d 1: Ha tan hon ton 1,93 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Fe v Al vo dd HCl d, sau phn ng thu c m gam mui v 1,456 lt kh H2 ktc. Gi tr ca m l: A. 6,545 gam B. 5,46 gam C. 4,565 gam D. 2,456 gam Gii: Cch 1: nH2= 1,456/22,4= 0,065 mol Cc PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (1) Mol: x x 1,5x Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (2) Mol: y y y Theo u bi ta c: 27x + 56y = 1,93 (I) v 1,5x + y = 0,065 (II). Gii h (I) v (II) ta c: x =0,03, y= 0,02 m= 0,03.133,5 + 0,02. 127= 6,545 gam . Vy p n A ng Cch 2: Ta lun c nHCl=2nH2 = 2.0,065=0,13 mol. Vy theo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c: 1,93 + 0,13.36,5= m + 0,065.2 m= 6,545 gam Vy p n A ng * Nh vy cch gii 2 ngn gn hn v nhanh hn rt nhiu cch 1, tuy nhin mun gii theo cch 2 chng ta cn ch mt s vn sau: - Trong cc p ca kim loi, oxit vi axit th : nHCl= 2nH2 hoc nHCl = 2nH2O Cn: nH2SO4= nH2=nH2O nOH- = 2nH2 ( trong phn ng ca kim loi vi H2O) - Khi cho t t axit HCl (hoc H2SO4 long) tc dng vi mui cacbonat ( CO32-) cn ch n th t phn ng, l: CO32- + H+ HCO3- (1) HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O (2) Giai on 2 ch xy ra khi v ch khi H+ d - Khi cho t t CO32- hoc HCO3- vo dd HCl th: xy ra ng thi c 2 phn ng CO32- + 2H+ H2O + CO2 HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O 2. Mt s bi tp tham kho: Bi 1. Ho tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml dd H2SO4 0,1M(va ).Sau phn ng ,c cn dung dch thu c mui khan c khi lng l: A. 6.81g B. 4,81g C.3,81g D.5,81g Bi 2. Ho tan hon ton 3,22g hn hp X gm Fe, Mg Zn bng mt lng va H2SO4 long thy thot 1,344 lt H2 ktc v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l: A. 10,27g B.8.98 C.7,25g D. 9,52g Bi 3. Ha tan ht 6,3 gam hn hp gm Mg v Al trong va 150 ml dung dch gm HCl 1M v H2SO4 1,5M thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? A. 30,225 g B. 33,225g C. 35,25g D. 37,25g Bi 4. Ho tan 17,5 gam hp kim Zn Fe Al vo dung dch HCl thu c Vlt H2 ktc v dung dch A C cn A thu c 31,7 gam hn hp mui khan . Gi tr V l ? A. 1,12 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 4,48 lt D. Kt qu khc Bi 5. Oxi ho 13,6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi thu c m gam hn hp 2 oxit . ho tan hon ton m gam oxit ny cn 500 ml dd H2SO4 1 M . Tnh m . A. 18,4 g B. 21,6 g C. 23,45 g D. Kt qu khc Bi 6. Ho tan 10g hn hp bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng mt lng dd HCl va , thu c 1,12 lt hiro (ktc) v dd A cho NaOH d vo thu c kt ta, nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 222
gam cht rn th gi tr ca m l: A. 12g B. 11,2g C. 12,2g D. 16g Bi 7. t chy ht 2,86 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al, Fe, Cu c 4,14 gam hn hp 3 oxit . ho tan ht hn hp oxit ny, phi dng ng 0,4 lt dung dch HCl v thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dich X th khi lng mui khan l bao nhu ? . A. 9,45 gam B.7,49 gam C. 8,54 gam D. 6,45 gam Bi 8. Cho 24,12gam hn hp X gm CuO , Fe2O3 , Al2O3 tc dng va vi 350ml dd HNO3 4M ri un n khan dung dch sau phn ng th thu c m gam hn hp mui khan. Tnh m . A. 77,92 gam B.86,8 gam C. 76,34 gam D. 99,72 gam Bi 9. Ha tan 9,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh X (ktc) v 2,54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c lng mui khan l A. 31,45 gam. B. 33,99 gam C. 19,025 gam. D. 56,3 gam Bi 10. Cho 40 gam hn hp vng, bc, ng, st, km tc dng vi O2 d nung nng thu c 46,4 gam hn hp X. Cho hn hp X ny tc dng va dung dch HCl cn V lt dung dch HCl 2M.Tnh V. A. 400 ml B. 200ml C. 800 ml D. Gi tr khc. Bi 11. Ha tan m gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe3O4 trong dung dch HCl d sau phn ng cn li 8,32 gam cht rn khng tan v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 61,92 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m A. 31,04 gam B. 40,10 gam C. 43,84 gam D. 46,16 gam Bi 12. Cho m gam hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 trong dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung dch X v 0,328 m gam cht rn khng tan. Dung dch X lm mt mu va ht 48ml dung dch KMnO4 1M. Gi tr ca m l A. 40 gam B. 43,2 gam C. 56 gam D. 48 gam Bi 13. Ha tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 5,6 lt H2( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam hn hp X l A. 3,92 lt. B. 1,68 lt C. 2,80 lt D. 4,48 lt Bi 14. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A v B thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II, 2 chu k lin tip. Cho 1,76 gam X tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl d thu c 1,344 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng mui khan thu c l A. 6,02 gam. B. 3,98 gam. C. 5,68 gam. D. 5,99 gam. Bi 15. Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 10% thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l A. 101,68 gam. B. 88,20 gam. C. 101,48 gam. D. 97,80 gam. Bi 16. Cho hn hp gm Fe v FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt hn hp kh iu kin tiu chun. Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi hiro l 9. Thnh phn % theo s mol ca hn hp Fe v FeS ban u ln lt l A. 40% v 60%. B. 50% v 50%. C. 35% v 65%. D. 45% v 55%. Bi 17. Cho 3,87 gam Mg v Al vo 200ml dung dch X gm HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thu c dung dch B v 4,368 lt H2 ktc. Phn trm khi lng ca Mg v Al trong hn hp ln lt l A. 72,09% v 27,91%. B. 62,79% v 37,21%. C. 27,91% v 72,09%. D. 37,21% v 62,79%. Bi 18. Cho 40 gam hn hp vng, bc, ng, st, km tc dng vi O2 d nung nng thu c m gam hn hp X. Cho hn hp X ny tc dng va dung dch HCl cn 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M (khng c H2 bay ra). Tnh khi lng m. A. 46,4 gam B. 44,6 gam C. 52,8 gam D. 58,2 gam Bi 19. Cho 20 gam hn hp mt s mui cacbonat tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 1,344 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 10,33 gam B. 20,66 gam C. 25,32 gam D. 30 gam Bi 20. Cho 23,8 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt kh CO2 (ktc) v dung dch A. Dn ton b CO2 vo dd nc vi trong d th thu c 20 Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 223
gam kt ta. C cn dung dch A thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 26 gam B. 30 gam C. 23 gam D. 27 gam Bi 21. Cho m gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c 26 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 23,8 gam B. 25,2 gam C. 23,8 gam D. 27,4 gam Bi 22. Ho tan hon ton 3,34 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat trung ha ca hai kim loi ha tr II v III bng dung dch HCl d th thu c dung dch A v 0,896 lt bay ra (ktc). Khi lng mui c trong dung dch A l A. 31,8 gam B. 3,78 gam C. 4,15 gam D. 4,23 gam Bi 23. Cho 11,5g hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt CO2(ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to thnh l? A. 16,2g B. 12,6g C. 13,2g D. 12,3g Bi 24. Ha tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp hai mui XCO3 v Y2(CO3)3 bng dung dch HCl ta thu c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh bay ra ktc. C cn dung dch A th thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 1,033 gam. B. 10,33 gam. C. 9,265 gam. D. 92,65 gam. Bi 25. Ho tan hon ton 19,2 hn hp gm CaCO3 v MgCO3 trong dung dch HCl d thy thot ra V (lt) CO2 (ktc) v dung dch c cha 21,4 gam hn hp mui. Xc nh V. A. V = 3,36 lt C. V = 3,92 lt C. V = 4,48 lt D.V = 5,6 lt Bi26. Ha tan ht hn hp hai kim loi kim th vo nc, c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc) thot ra v thu c dung dch X. Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn trung ha va dung dch X l: A .12 ml B. 120 ml C. 240 ml D. Tt c u sai Bi 27. Ha tan 2 kim loi Ba v Na vo nc c dd(A) v c 13,44 lt H2 bay ra (ktc). Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn trung ha hon ton dd A l: A.1,2lt B.2,4lt C.4,8lt D.0,5lt. Bi 28. Khi lng hn hp A gm K2O v BaO (t l s mol 2 : 3) cn dng trung ha ht 1,5 lt dung dch hn hp B gm HCl 0,005M v H2SO4 0,0025M l A. 0,0489 gam. B. 0,9705 gam. C. 0,7783 gam. D. 0,1604 gam. Bi 29. Cho t t 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,5 M vo 150 ml dung dch Na2CO3 0,2 M thu c V lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l: A. 0,448 B. 0,336 C. 0,224 D. 0,56 Bi 30. Cho t t 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,2 M vo 100 ml dd X cha Na2CO3 0,2 M v NaHCO3 0,1 M thu c V lt kh CO2 ktc. Gi tr ca V l: A. 0,672 B. 0,336 C. 0,224 D. 0,448 Bi 31. Ho tan 28 gam hn hp X gm CuSO4, MgSO4, Na2SO4 vo nc c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2 thy to thnh 46,6 gam kt ta v dung dch B. C cn dung dch B c khi lng mui khan l A. 25 gam. B. 33 gam. C. 23 gam. D. 21 gam. Bi 32. Cc A ng 0,3 mol Na2CO3 v 0,2 mol NaHCO3. Cc B ng 0,4 mol HCl. rt t t cc B vo cc A, s mol kh CO2 thot ra c gi tr no? A. 0,1 B. 0,3 C. 0,4 D. 0,5 Bi 33. Cc A ng 0,3 mol Na2CO3 v 0,2 mol NaHCO3. Cc B ng 0,4 mol HCl. rt t t cc A vo cc B, s mol kh CO2 thot ra c gi tr no? A. 0,2 B. 0,25 C. 0,4 D. 0,5 Bi 34. Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l tng ng l 4:1. Trung ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui to ra l: A. 12,78 gam B. 14,62 gam C. 18,46 gam D. 13,70 gam Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 224
II- DNG 2 BI TP: KIM LOI , OXIT KIM LOI V MUI TC DNG VI CC DUNG DCH AXIT C TNH OXI HA MNH ( H2SO4 c, HNO3) 1. Phng php gii chung: Phng php ch yu l s dng nh lut bo ton electron, kt hp vi cc pp khc nh bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn t, bo ton in tch Khi lm dng ny cn ch mt s vn sau: + Khi cho kim loi tc dng vi cc axit H2SO4 v HNO3 th: - Tng s mol H2SO4 phn ng bng = nSO42- trong mui + n ca sn phm kh( SO2, S, H2S) M s mol SO42- trong mui = tng s mol e nhng chia 2= Tng s mol e nhn chia 2. - Tng s mol HNO3 phn ng = nNO3- trong mui + n ca sn phm kh( NO2, NO, N2O, N2,NH3) Lu : nu sn phm kh l N2, N2O th phi nhn thm 2 M s mol NO3- trong mui bng tng s mol e nhng = tng s mol e nhn + Tt c cc cht khi tc dng vi 2 axit trn u ln mc oxi ha cao nht + Ion NO3- trong mi trng axit c tnh oxi ha nh HNO3 long + Khi phn ng ha hc c HNO3 c th kh thot ra thong thng l NO2, HNO3 long l NO. Tuy nhin vi cc kim loi mnh nh Mg, Al, Zn th khi tc dng vi HNO3 long th HNO3 c th b kh thnh N2O, N2 hoc NH3 ( trong dung dch HNO3 l NH4NO3) + i vi oxit st: nu trong mt hn hp nFeO= nFe2O3 th coi hn hp FeO, Fe2O3 l Fe3O4 + Nu mt bi ton c nhiu qu trnh oxi ha kh chng ta ch cn n s oxi ha ca nguyn t trc v sau phn ng, sau dng nh lut bo bon e p dng chung cho c bi ton VD: ( Bi tp 1: bi bn di) Ta c th tm tt bi tp ny nh sau: Fe +O2 hn hp X( c th c: Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4) + HNO3 Fe3+ o 3+ 2Nh vy: Ban u t: Fe Fe + 3e O2 + 4e 2O v N+5 + 3e N+2 Mol: m/56 3m/56 (3-m)/32 (3-m)/8 0,075 0,025 Theo bo ton e: 3m/56 = (3-m)/8 + 0,075. Gii phng trnh ny ta c m= 2,52 gam Nh vy vi bi ton dng: Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi ( hoc m gam bt Fe trong khng kh) sau mt thi gian thu c a gam hh X( gm Fe v cc oxit). Cho X tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 thu c kh NxOy duy nht ktc th gia: m, a, x c mi quan h sau + Khi Fe tc dng vi HNO3, nu sau phn ng Fe cn d th Fe s tc dng vi Fe(NO3)3 to thnh Fe(NO3)2 + Ring vi Fe2+ vn cn tnh kh nn khi tc dng vi NO3- trong H+ th u to ra Fe3+ 2. Mt s bi tp tham kho Bi 1. Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hh cht rn X. Ha tan ht hh X trong dd HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l (cho O = 16, Fe = 56) A. 2,52. B. 2,22. C. 2,62. D. 2,32. Bi 2. Ho tan ht m gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 bng HNO3 c, nng thu c 4,48 lt kh NO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c 145,2 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 35,7 gam. B. 46,4 gam. C. 15,8 gam. D. 77,7 gam Bi 3. kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp Y (gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3) th cn 0,05 mol H2. Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp Y trong dung dch H2SO4 c th thu c th tch kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht) iu kin tiu chun l A. 224 ml. B. 448 ml. C. 336 ml. D. 112 ml. Bi 4. Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn X gm Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO. Ha tan ht m gam X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO2 ( ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l A. 11,2 gam. B. 10,2 gam. C. 7,2 gam. D. 6,9 gam Bi 5. Ha tan ht 5,6 gam Fe bng mt lng va dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c V lt NO2 l sn Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 225
phm kh duy nht (ti ktc). V nhn gi tr nh nht l A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt. Bi 6. Hn hp A gm ba oxit st (FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3) c s mol bng nhau. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp A ny bng dung dch HNO3 th thu c hn hp K gm hai kh NO2 v NO c th tch 1,12 lt (ktc) v t khi hn hp K so vi hiro bng 19,8. Tr s ca m l: A. 20,88 gam B. 46,4 gam C. 23,2 gam D. 16,24 gam Bi 7.Cho 18,5 gam hn hp Z gm Fe, Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v khuy u. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (o iu kin tiu chun), dung dch Z1 v cn li 1,46 gam kim loi.Khi lng Fe3O4 trong 18,5 gam hn hp ban u l: A. 6,69 B. 6,96 C. 9,69 D. 9,7 Bi 8. m gam phoi bo st (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (B) c khi lng 12 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Cho B tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 thy gii phng ra 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu? A. 11,8 gam. B. 10,08 gam. C. 9,8 gam. D. 8,8 gam. Bi 9. Cho m gam Fe tan ht trong 400 ml dung dch FeCl3 1M thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c 71,72 gam cht rn khan. ha tan m gam Fe cn ti thiu bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO3 1M (sn phm kh duy nht l NO) A. 540 ml B. 480 ml C. 160ml D. 320 ml Bi 10. Cho 11,0 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe vo dung dch HNO3 long d, thu c dung dch Y v 6,72 lt kh NO ktc (sn phm kh duy nht). C cn cn thn dung dch Y th lng mui khan thu c l A. 33,4 gam. B. 66,8 gam. C. 29,6 gam. D. 60,6 gam. Bi 11. Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24. B. 4,48. C. 5,60. D. 3,36. Bi 12. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 38,72. B. 35,50. C. 49,09. D. 34,36. Bi 13. Ha tan ht 22,064 gam hn hp Al, Zn bng dung dch HNO3 thu c 3,136 lt hn hp NO v N2O (ktc) vi s mol mi kh nh nhau. Tnh % khi lng ca Al trong hn hp. A. 5.14%. B. 6,12%. C. 6,48%. D. 7,12%. Bi 14. Ha tan hn hp X gm Al v Fe vo dung dch HNO3 d sau phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch A v 4,44 gam hn hp kh Y c th tch 2,688 lt ( ktc) gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh t ha nu ngoi khng kh. Tng s mol 2 kim loi trong hn hp X l: A. 0,32 mol. B. 0,22 mol. C. 0,45 mol. D. 0,12 mol. Bi 15.Cho hn hp G dng bt gm Al, Fe, Cu. Ha tan 23,4 gam G bng mt lng d dung dch H2SO4 c, nng, thu c 0,675 mol kh SO2. Cho 23,4 gam G vo bnh A cha dung dch H2SO4 long d, sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 0,45 mol kh B . Khi lng Al, Fe, Cu trong hn hp G ln lt l: A. 5,4 gam; 8,4 gam; 9,6 gam B. 9,6 gam; 5,4 gam; 8,4 gam C. 8,4 gam; 9,6 gam; 5,4 gam D. 5,4 gam; 9,6 gam; 8,4 gam Bi 16. Ha tan ht m gam bt kim loi nhm trong dung dch HNO3, thu c 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp ba kh NO, N2O v N2. T l th tch VNO : VN2O : VN2 = 3:2:1. Tr s ca m l: A. 32,4 gam B. 31,5 gam C. 40,5 gam D. 24,3 gam Bi 17. Ho tan hon ton 12,8 gam hn hp X gm 3 kim loi Fe, Mg, Cu vo HNO3 c nng, d thu c dung dch Y v 3,36 lt kh NO (kc). C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l: A. 22,1 gam B. 19,7 gam C. 50,0gam. D. 40,7gam Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 226
Bi 18. Ha tan hon ton 16,3 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al v Fe trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c 0,55 mol SO2. C cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c mui khan c khi lng l A. 82,9 gam B. 69,1 gam C. 55,2 gam D. 51,8 gam Bi 19. Cho 3,445 gam hn hp X gm Al, Zn, Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d, sau phn ng thu c 1,12 lt NO (kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c mui khan c khi lng l A. 12,745 gam B. 11,745 gam C. 10,745 gam D. 9,574 gam Bi 20. Ha tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 97,98. B. 106,38. C. 38,34. D. 34,08. Bi 21. Cho m gam Cu tan hon ton vo 200 ml dung dch HNO3, phn ng va , gii phng mt hn hp 4,48 lt kh NO v NO2 c t khi hi vi H2 l 19. Tnh CM ca dung dch HNO3. A.2 M. B. 3M. C. 1,5M. D. 0,5M. Bi 22. Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon tonthu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hidung dch X l A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam Bi 23. Ha tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c 1,344 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH3 (d) vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l A. 21,95% v 2,25. B. 78,05% v 2,25. C. 21,95% v 0,78. D. 78,05% v 0,78 Bi 24. Ha tan ht m gam bt kim loi nhm trong dung dch HNO3, thu c 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp ba kh NO, N2O v N2. T l th tch VNO : VN2O : VN2 = 3:2:1. Tr s ca m l: A. 31,5 gam B. 32,5 gam B. 40,5 gam C. 24,3 gam Bi 25. Cho a gam hn hp E (Al, Mg, Fe ) tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c hn hp kh gm 0,02 mol NO, 0,01 mol N2O, 0,01 mol NO2 v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 11,12 gam mui khan. a c gi tr l A. 1,82. B. 11,2. C. 9,3. D. kt qu khc. Bi 26. Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 151,5. B. 137,1. C. 97,5. D. 108,9. Bi 27. Cho m gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch Y, gam cht rn khng tan v 2,688 lt H2 (kc). ha tan m gam hn hp X cn ti thiu bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO3 1M (bit rng ch sinh ra sn phm kh duy nht l NO) A. 1200ml B. 800ml C. 720ml D.880ml Bi 28. Ngi ta thc hin 2 th nghim sau: TN1: Cho 38,4 gam Cu vo 2,4 lt dung dch HNO3 0,5M, sau phn ng thu c V1 lt NO (kc) TN2: Cng cho khi lng ng nh trn vo 2,4 lt dung dch gm HNO3 0,5M v H2SO4 0,2M, sau phn ng thu c V2 lt NO (kc). Mi quan h gia V2 v V1 l: A. 2V2=5V1 B. 3V2= 4V1 C. V2=2V1 D. 3V2=2V1 Bi 29. Cho 13,24 gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu, Mg tc dng vi oxi d thu c 20,12 gam hn hp 3 oxt. Nu cho 13,24 gam hn hp X trn tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch Y v sn phm kh duy nht l kh NO. C cn dung dch Y thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan A. 64,33 gam. B. 66,56 gam. C. 80,22 gam. D. 82,85 gam. Bi 30. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm Zn v ZnO bng dung dch HNO3 long d. Kt thc th nghim khng c kh thot ra, dung dch thu c c cha 8 gam NH4NO3 v 113,4 gam Zn(NO3)2. Phn trm s mol Zn c trong hn hp ban u l bao nhiu? Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 227
A. 66,67%. B. 33,33%. C. 16,66%. D. 93,34%. Bi 31. Ha tan hon ton 11,9 gam hn hp 2 kim loi (Zn, Al) bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c 7,616 lt SO2 (ktc), 0,64 gam S v dung dch X. Tnh khi lng mui trong X. A. 60,3 gam. B. 50,3 gam. C. 72,5 gam. D. 30,3 gam. Bi 32. Chia m gam hn hp Fe, Cu lm 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi axit HCl d th thu c 2,24 lit kh H2 (ktc). Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi axit HNO3 long th thu c 4,48 lit kh NO (ktc). Thnh phn % khi lng kim loi Fe trong hn hp l: A. 36,84%. B. 26,6%. C. 63,2%. D. 22,58%. Bi 33. Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B ng trc H trong dy in ha v c ha tr khng i trong cc hp cht. Chia m gam X thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Ha tan hon ton trong dung dch cha axit HCl v H2SO4 long to ra 3,36 lt kh H2. - Phn 2: Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc th tch kh o ktc. Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt. Bi 34. Cho mt hn hp X gm Fe v mt kim loi M c ha tr khng i. Khi lng X l 10,83 gam. Chia X ra lm phn bng nhau: Phn I tc dng vi dung dch HCl d cho ra 3,192 lt H2 (ktc). Phn II tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d cho ra kh duy nht l NO c th tch l 2,688 lt (ktc) v dung dch A. Kim loi khi lng M v % M trong hn hp X l : A. Al, 53,68% B. Cu, 25,87% C. Zn, 48,12% D. Al 22,44% Bi 35. Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l A. 1,92. B. 3,20. C. 0,64. D. 3,84. Bi 36. Cho a mol Cu kim loi tan hon ton trong 120 ml dung dch X gm HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M (long) thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Tnh V? A. 14,933 lt. B. 12,32 lt. C. 18,02 lt. D. 1,344 lt Bi 37. Cho 5,8 gam mui FeCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 va , thu c hn hp kh cha CO2, NO v dung dch X. Cho dung dch HCl rt d vo dung dch X c dung dch Y, dung dch Y ny ha tan c ti a m gam Cu, sinh ra sn phm kh NO duy nht. Gi tr ca m l A. 64 gam B. 11,2 gam C. 14,4 gam D. 16 gam Bi 38. Cho 5,6 gam Fe vo 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0,5M v HCl 1M thu c kh NO v m gam kt ta. Xc nh m. Bit rng NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca NO-3 v khng c kh H2 bay ra. A. 1,6 gam B. 3,2 gam C. 6,4 gam D. p n khc. Bi 39. Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l A. 240. B. 120. C. 360. D. 400. Bi 40. Cho 3,2 gam Cu tc dng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp HNO3 0,8M + H2SO4 0,2M, sn phm kh duy nht ca HNO3 l kh NO. S gam mui khan thu c l A. 5,64. B. 7,9. C. 8,84. D. 6,82 Bi 41. Dung dch A cha 0,01 mol Fe(NO3)3 v 0,15 mol HCl c kh nng ha tan ti a bao nhiu gam Cu kim loi? (Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht) A. 2,88 gam. B. 3,92 gam. C. 3,2 gam. D. 5,12 gam. III- DNG 3 BI TP : KIM LOI TC DNG VI CC DUNG DCH MUI 1. Phng php gii chung - Vi loi bi ton ny th u c th vn dng c 2 phng php i s v mt s phng php gii nhanh Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 228
nh: bo ton electron, bo ton khi lng , c bit l pp tng gim khi lng - Khi gii cn ch : + Thuc dy in ha ca kim loi + Khi gii nn vit cc PTHH di dng ion rt gn th bi ton s n gin hn + Cc bi tp ny u da trn phn ng ca kim loi mnh hn tc dng vi mui ca kim loi yu hn, tuy nhin mt s trng hp khng xy ra nh vy: th d: Khi cho cc kim loi kim v kim th( Ca, Ba, Sr) tc dng vi cc dung dch mui ca kim loi yu hn th cc kim lai ny s tc dng vi H2O trong dung dch trc , sau kim sinh ra s tc dng vi mui. VD: Cho ln lt 2 kim loi Fe v Na vo 2 ng nghim ng dung dch CuSO4. Nu hin tng v vit PTHH Gii: - Khi cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO4 ( mu xanh) th c hin tng dung dch b nht mu v c cht rn mu bm trn kim loi Fe Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu( ) Xanh ko mu - Khi cho Na vo dung dch CuSO4 th thy c kh khng mu thot ra v c kt ta xanh 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 2NaOH + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Xanh + Khi cho mt hn hp nhiu kim loi tc dng vi mt hn hp mui th phn ng xy ra theo th t: kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht s tc dng ht vi cc mui c tnh oxi ha mnh nht , sau mi n lt cc cht khc VD: Cho hn hp Fe, Al vo dung dch cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 th xy ra ln lt cc phn ng sau: Al + 3AgNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3Ag (1) 2Al + 3Cu(NO3)2 2Al(NO3)3 + 3Cu (2) Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag (3) Fe + Cu(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Cu (4) + Trong bi ton c s tng gim khi lng th: mKL= mKL bm vo mKL tan ra mKL = mKLtan ra - mKL bm vo 2. Mt s bi ton tham kho Bi 1. Ngm mt l st trong dung dch CuSO4. Nu bit khi lng ng bm trn l st l 9,6 gam th khi lng l st sau ngm tng thm bao nhiu gam so vi ban u? A. 5,6 gam. B. 2,8 gam. C. 2,4 gam. D. 1,2 gam Bi 2. Nhng mt l nhm vo 200ml dung dch CuSO4, n khi dung dch mt mu xanh, ly l nhm ra cn thy nng hn so vi ban u l 1,38 gam. Nng ca dung dch CuSO4 dng l. A. 0,15 M B. 0,05 M C.0,2 M D. 0,25 M Bi 3. Nhng mt thanh nhm nng 25 gam vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M. Sau mt thi gian, cn li thanh nhm thy cn nng 25,69 gam. Nng mol ca CuSO4 v Al2(SO4)3 trong dung dch sau phn ng ln lt l A. 0,425M v 0,2M. B. 0,425M v 0,3M. C. 0,4M v 0,2M. D. 0,425M v 0,025M. Bi 4. Cho 0,01 mol Fe vo 50 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th khi lng Ag thu c l: A. 5,4 g B. 2,16 g C. 3,24 g D. Gi tr khc Bi 5.Cho 4,62 gam hn hp X gm bt 3 kim loi (Zn, Fe, Ag) vo dung dch cha 0,15mol CuSO4. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v cht rn Z. Dung dch Y c cha mui no sau y: A. ZnSO4, FeSO4 B. ZnSO4 C. ZnSO4, FeSO4, CuSO4 D. FeSO4 Bi 6. Ngm mt inh st sch trong 200ml dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, ly inh st ra khi dung dch ra sch nh bng nc ct v sy kh ri em cn thy khi lng inh st tng 0,8 gam so Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 229
vi ban u. Nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4 dng l gi tr no di y? A. 0,05M. B. 0,0625M. C. 0,50M. D. 0,625M. Bi 7. Cho 12,12 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh H2. C cn dung dch A thu c 41,94 gam cht rn khan. Nu cho 12,12 gam X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th khi lng kim loi thu c l A. 82,944 gam B. 103,68 gam C. 99,5328 gam D. 108 gam Bi 8. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Mg, FeCl3 vo nc ch thu c dung dch Y gm 3 mui v khng cn cht rn. Nu ha tan m gam X bng dung dch HCl d th thu c 2,688 lt H2 (kc). Dung dch Y c th ha tan va ht 1,12 gam bt Fe. Gi tr ca m l A. 46,82 gam B. 56,42 gam C. 48,38 gam D. 52,22 gam Bi 9. Ha tan 3,28 gam hn hp mui MgCl2 v Cu(NO3)2 vo nc c dung dch A. Nhng vo dung dch A mt thanh st. Sau mt khong thi gian ly thanh st ra cn li thy tng thm 0,8 gam. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l: A. 4,24 gam B. 2,48 gam. C. 4,13 gam. D. 1,49 gam. Bi 10. Cho m gam Mg vo 100 ml dung dch A cha ZnCl2 v CuCl2, phn ng hon ton cho ra dung dch B cha 2 ion kim loi v mt cht rn D nng 1,93 gam. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch HCl d cn li mt cht rn E khng tan nng 1,28 gam. Tnh m. A. 0,24 gam. B. 0,48 gam. C. 0,12 gam. D. 0,72 gam. Bi 11. Cho 5,6 gam Fe vo 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0,5M v HCl 1M thu c kh NO v m gam kt ta. Xc nh m. Bit rng NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca NO-3 v khng c kh H2 bay ra. A. 1,6 gam B. 3,2 gam C. 6,4 gam D. p n khc. Bi 12. Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l A. 240. B. 120. C. 360. D. 400. Bi 13. Cho mt inh st lung d vo 200 ml dung dch mui nitrat kim loi X c nng 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, tt c kim loi X to ra bm ht vo inh st cn d, thu c dung dch D. Khi lng dung dch D gim 0,16 gam so vi dung dch nitrat X lc u. Kim loi X l: A. Cu B. Hg C. Ni D. Mt kim loi khc Bi 14. Ngm mt vt bng Cu c khi lng 5 g trong 250 g dung dch AgNO3 4%. Khi ly vt ra th lng bc nitrat trong dung dch gim 17%. Hi khi lng ca vt sau phn ng bng bao nhiu? A. 5,76 g B. 6,08 g C. 5,44 g D. Gi tr khc Bi 15. Cho mt bn km (ly d) nh sch vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2, phn ng xy ra hon ton, thy khi lng bn km gim i 0,01g. Hi khi lng mui Cu(NO3)2 c trong dung dch l bao nhiu? A. < 0,01 g B. 1,88 g C. ~0,29 g D. Gi tr khc. . Bi 16. Cho 8,3g hn hp X gm Fe v Al vo 1lt dung dch CuSO4 0,2 M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 15,68g cht rn Y gm 2 kim loi. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca nhm trong hn hp X l: A. 32,53% B. 53,32% C. 50% D. 35,3% Bi 17. Cho m gam bt Fe tc dng vi 175 gam dung dch AgNO3 34% sau phn ng thu c dung dch X ch cha 2 mui st v 4,5 m gam cht rn. Nng % ca Fe(NO3)2 trong dung dch X l A.9,81% B. 12,36% C.10,84% D. 15,6% Bi 18. Cho m gam bt Al vo 400 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)3 0,75M v Cu(NO3)2 0,6 M, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v 23,76 gam hn hp 2 kim loi. Gi tr ca m l A. 9,72 gam B. 10,8 gam C. 10,26 gam D. 11,34 gam Bi 19. Ha tan hon ton 5,64 gam Cu(NO3)2 v 1,7 gam AgNO3 vo nc c 101,43 gam dung dch A. Cho 1,57 gam bt kim loi gm Zn v Al vo dung dch A v khuy u. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 230
thu c phn rn B v dung dch D ch cha 2 mui. Ngm B trong dung dch H2SO4 long khng thy c kh thot ra. Nng mi mui c trong dung dch D l : A. C%Al(NO3)3 = 21,3% v C%Zn(NO3)2 = 3,78% B. C%Al(NO3)3 = 2,13% v C%Zn(NO3)2 = 37,8% C. C%Al(NO3)3 = 2,13% v C%Zn(NO3)2 = 3,78% D. C%Al(NO3)3 = 21,3% v C%Zn(NO3)2 = 37,8% Bi 20. Dung dch X cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Thm 1 lng hn hp gm 0,03 mol Al v 0,05 mol Fe vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti khi phn ng kt thc thu c 8,12 gam cht rn Y gm 3 kim loi. Cho Y vo dung dch HCl d thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc). Tng nng ca 2 mui l : A. 0,3M B. 0,8M C. 0,42M D. 0,45M IV- DNG 4 BI TP: V CC HP CHT LNG TNH 1. Phng php gii chung - Vi dng bi tp ny phng php ti u nht l pp i s: Vit tt c cc PTHH xy ra, sau da vo cc d kin cho v PTHH tnh ton - Mt s vn cn ch : + Cn phi hiu th no l hp cht lng tnh( va tc dng vi axit, va tc dng vi bazo) bao gm mui HCO3-, HSO-3, cc oxit: Al2O3, ZnO, Cr2O3, cc hiroxit nh: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Cr(OH)3 + Bi ton v s lng tnh ca cc hidroxit c 2 dng nh sau: V d v Al(OH)3 * Bi ton thun: Cho lng cht tham gia phn ng , hi sn phm VD: Cho dung dch mui nhm ( Al3+) tc dng vi dung dch kim ( OH-). Sn phm thu c gm nhng cht g ph thuc vo t s k = nOH-/nAl3+ + Nu k 3 th Al3+ phn ng va hoc d khi ch c phn ng Al3+ + 3oH- Al(OH)3 ( 1) ( k= 3 c ngha l kt ta cc i) + Nu k 4 th OH phn ng (1) d v ha tan va ht Al(OH)3 theo phn ng sau: Al(OH)3 + OH- Al(OH)4- (2) + Nu 3< k < 4 th OH- d sau phn ng (1) v ha tan mt phn Al(OH)3 (2) * Bi ton nghch: Cho sn phm , hi lng cht tham gia phn ng VD: Cho a mol OH- t t vo x mol Al3+, sau phn ng thu c y mol Al(OH)3 ( x, y cho bit). Tnh a? Nhn xt: nu x=y th bi ton rt n gin, a= 3x=3y a = 3y Nu y< x Khi xy ra mt trong hai trng hp sau: + Trng hp 1: Al3+ d sau phn ng (1) Vy A= 4x-y + Trng hp 2: Xy ra c (1) v (2) vy: Trng hp ny s mol OH- l ln nht
Trng hp ny s mol OH- l nh nht
+ Mun gii c nh bi ton trn chng ta cn quy v s mol Al3+ trong AlCl3, Al2(SO4)3.. v quy v s mol OH- trong cc dd sau: NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 + Cn ch n kt ta BaSO4 trong phn ng ca Al2(SO4)3 vi dung dich Ba(OH)2. Tuy cch lm khng thay i nhng khi lng kt ta thu c gm c BaSO4 + Trong trng hp cho OH- tc dng vi dung dch cha c Al3+ v H+ th OH- s phn ng vi H+ trc sau mi phn ng vi Al3+ + Cn ch cc dung dch mui nh Na[Al(OH)4], Na2[Zn(OH)4]... khi tc dng vi kh CO2 d th lng kt ta khng thay i v: Na[Al(OH)4] + CO2 Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3, Cn khi tc dng vi HCl hoc H2SO4 long th lng kt ta c th b thay i ty thuc vo lng axit: Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 231
HCl + Na[Al(OH)4] Al(OH)3 + NaCl + H2O Nu HCl d: Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O 2. Mt s bi tp tham kho Bi 1. Ly 20 g hn hp bt Al v Fe2O3 ngm trong dung dch NaOH(d), phn ng xong ngi ta thu c 3, 36l kh hidro (ktc). Khi lng Fe2O3 ban u l: A. 13,7 gam B. 17,3 gam C. 18 gam D. 15,95gam Bi 2. Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe2O3 (trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H2 ( ktc); - Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 22,75 B. 21,40. C. 29,40. D. 29,43. Bi 3. Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 36,7. B. 48,3. C. 45,6. D. 57,0. Bi 4. Chia 20g hn hp X gm Al; Fe; Cu thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 5,6lt kh ktc. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 3,36lt kh ktc. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X l: A. 8,5% B. 13% C. 16% D. 17% Bi 5. Cho m gam Na vo 50 ml dung dch AlCl3 1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, th thu c V lt kh (ktc), dung dch X v 1,56 gam kt ta.Khi thi CO2 d vo dung dch X li thy xut hin thm kt ta.Khi lng Na ban u l: A. 4,14 g B. 1,44 g C. 4,41 g D. 2,07 g Bi 6. Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27) A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2. Bi 7. : Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al4C3 vo dung dch KOH (d), thu c a mol hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu c l 46,8 gam. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,55. B. 0,60. C. 0,40. D. 0,45. Bi 8. Cho 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo 200 ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch B. Cho dung dch B vo 200 ml dung dch NaAlO2 0,2M thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Tnh nng ca dung dch HCl. A. 1,15M B. 1,35M C. 1,15M v 1,35M D. 1,2M. Bi 9. Cho m gam kim loi Na vo 200 gam. dung dch Al2(SO4)3 1,71%. Sau khi phn ng xong thu c 0,78 gam kt ta. m c gi tr l A. 0,69 gam. B. 1,61 gam. C. c A v B u ng. D. p n khc Bi 10. Cho 0,54 gam Al vo 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo dung dch X thu c kt ta. thu c lng kt ta ln nht cn th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M l A. 110 ml. B. 90 ml. C. 70 ml. D. 80 ml. Bi 11. Hn hp A gm Na v Al4C3 ha tan vo nc ch thu c dung dch B v 3,36 lt kh C. Khi lng Na ti thiu cn dng l: A. 0,15g B. 2,76g C. 0,69g D. 4,02g Bi 12. Hn hp A gm Na, Al , Cu cho 12 gam A vo nc d thu 2,24 lt kh (ktc) , cn nu cho vo dung dch NaOH d thu 3,92 lt kh ( ktc) . % Al trong hn hp ban u ? A. 59,06% B. 22,5% C. 67,5 % D. 96,25% Bi 13. Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na2O v Al ho tan ht vo H2O d thu c 200 ml dung dch A ch Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 232
cha 1 cht tan duy nht c nng 0,2M. Gi tr ca m l : A. 2,32 B. 3,56 C. 3,52 D. 5,36 Bi 14. Ha tan ht m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X, thu c a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th cng thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 20,125. B. 12,375. C. 22,540. D. 17,710. Bi 15. Hn hp X gm cc kim loi Al; Fe; Ba. Chia X thnh 3 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1 tc dng vi nc d thu c 0,04 mol H2. - Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 0,07 mol H2. - Phn 3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,1 mol H2. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. S mol Ba, Al, Fe trong 1 phn ca hn hp X ln lt l: A. 0,01; 0,04; 0,03 B. 0,01; 0,02; 0,03 C. 0,02; 0,03; 0,04 D. 0,01; 0,03; 0,03 Bi 16. : Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin, cho Na = 23, Al = 27) A. 77,31%. B. 39,87%. C. 49,87%. D. 29,87%. Bi 17. Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l A. 10,8. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 43,2. Bi 18. Cho a gam Na ha tan ht vo 86,8 gam dung dch c cha 13,35 gam AlCl3, sau phn ng hon ton thu c m gam dung dch X v 3,36 lt kh H2 ( 0oC, 2atm). Hy chn cu tr li ng trong cc cu sau: A. m = 100,6 gam v dung dch X c 3 cht tan. B. m = 100,6 gam v dung dch X c 2 cht tan. C. m = 100 gam v dung dch X c 3 cht tan. D. m = 100 gam v dung dch X c 2 cht tan. Bi 19. Mt hn hp A gm Ba v Al. Cho m gam A tc dng vi nc d, thu c 2,688 lit kh (ktc). Cho 2m gam A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 8, 064 lt kh(ktc). Xc nh m. A. 10,05 gam B. 12,54 gam C. 20,76 gam D. p n khc. Bi 20. Cho m gam hn hp (Na, Al) vo nc d thy thot ra 8,96 lt kh (ktc) v cn li 2,7 gam kim loi khng tan. Khi lng m ca hn hp ban u l A. 12,7 gam. B. 9,9 gam. C. 21,1 gam. D. tt c u sai Bi 18. Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na; K v Al (trong Na v K c t l mol l 1 : 1) vo mt lng nc d thu c dung dch Y; 2,7g cht rn Z v 8,96lt kh T ktc. Gi tr ca m l: A. 17g B. 11,6g C. 14,3g D. 16,1g Bi 21. Cho 38,775 gam hn hp bt Al v AlCl3 vo lng va dung dch NaOH thu c dung dch A (kt ta va tan ht) v 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). Thm 250ml dung dch HCl vo dung dch A thu c 21,84 gam kt ta. Nng M ca dung dch HCl l : A. 1,12M hoc 2,48M B. 2,24M hoc 2,48M C. 1,12M hoc 3,84M D. 2,24M hoc 3,84M Bi 22. Cho 23,45 gam hn hp X gm Ba v K vo 125 ml dung dch AlCl3 1M thu c V lt kh H2(ktc); dung dch A v 3,9 gam kt ta. V c gi tr l : A. 10,08 lt B. 3,92 lt C. 5,04 lt D.6,72 lt V- DNG 5 BI TP V IN PHN 1. Phng php gii chung: - i vi dng ny chng ta cn phi vit c sn phm ca qu trnh in phn nng chy, in phn dung dch. c bit l in phn dung dch: + catot ( cc m): Th t xy ra in phn nh sau: Au3+, Ag+, Cu2+, H+, Pb2+, Sn2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, H2O, Al3+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+ V d: Ag+ + 1e Ag H2O + 2e H2 + 2OHSu tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 233
+ anot ( cc dng): th t xy ra in phn nh sau: I-, Br-, Cl-, OH-, H2O, SO42-, NO3V d: 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e - Vn dng cng thc ca nh lut Faraday: Trong : m l khi lng cht thu c cc in cc ( g) A l nguyn t khi ca cht in cc I l cng dng in (A) t l thi gian in phn (s) n l s e nhng hoc nhn ca cht in cc F l hng s faraday = 96500 Ch : Khng nn vit phng trnh in phn, thay vo ta nn vit qu trnh xy ra cc in cc v s dng phng php bo ton electron Cng thc tnh s mol electron trao i cc in cc: - Nu t(h) th F = 26,8 - Nu t(s) th F = 96500 2. Mt s bi tp tham kho Bi 1. in phn dung dch CuSO4 nng 0,5M vi in cc tr trong th thu c 1gam Cu. Nu dng dng in mt chiu c cng 1A, th thi gian in phn ti thiu l A. 50 pht 15 giy. B. 40 pht 15 giy. C. 0,45 gi. D. 0,65 gi. Bi 2. in phn mt dung dch mui nitrat ca mt kim loi M ha tr n vi cng dng I = 9,65 A, thi gian in phn 400 giy th thy khi lng catot tng 4,32 gam. M l kim loi: A.Cu B. Ag C. Fe D. Zn Bi 3. in phn 500 ml dung dch A cha CuCl2 0,2 M, NaCl 0,1 M vi cng dng in I= 4 A, thi gian t giy n khi bt u c kh thot ra catot th dng li.Gi tr ca t l: A. 4250 giy B. 3425 giy C. 4825 giy D. 2225 giy Bi 4. in phn 2 lt dung dch AgNO3 0,03 M mt thi gian thu c dung dch A c pH= 2. Hiu sut in phn l: ( coi th tch dung dch khng i) A. 66,67% B. 25% C. 30% D. 33,33% Bi 5. in phn 1 lt dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0,2 M n khi catot bt u c kh thot ra th dng li thu c dung dch A. Dung dch A c th ha tan c ti a bao nhiu gam Fe? ( bit rng c kh NO duy nht thot ra ngoi) A. 8,4 gam B. 4,8 gam C. 5,6 gam D. 11,2 gam Bi 6. Ha tan 11,7 gam NaCl vo nc ri em in phn c mng ngn, thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH= 13. Hiu sut in phn l: A. 15% B. 25% C. 35% D. 45% Bi 7. in phn 1 lt dung dch AgNO3 vi in cc tr, dung dch sau in phn c pH= 2. Coi th tch dung dch sau in phn khng thay i. Khi lng bc bm catot l: A. 2,16 gam B. 1,08 gam C. 0,108 gam D. 0,54 gam Bi 8. in phn 1 lt dung dch NaCl d vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp ti khi dung dch thu c c pH=12 ( coi lng Cl2 tan trong H2O ko ng k, th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k), th th tch kh thot ra anot ( ktc) l bao nhiu? A. 0,336 lt B. 0,112 lt C. 0,224 lt D. 1,12 lt Bi 9. in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32g Cu catt v mt lng kh X ant. Hp th hon ton lng kh X ni trn vo 200ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l: Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 234
A. 0,15M B. 0,2M C. 0,1M D. 0,05M Bi 10. in phn dung dch mui nitrat kim loi vi hiu sut dng 100%, cng dng in khng i 7,72 A trong thi gian 9 pht 22,5 giy. Sau khi kt thc khi lng catot tng ln 4,86 gam do kim loi bm vo. Kim loi l: A. Cu B. Hg C. Ag D. Pb Bi 11. in phn dung dch c ha tan 10,16 gam FeCl2 v 3,51 gam NaCl ( c mng ngn v in cc tr) trong thi gian 33 pht 20 giy vi cng dng in I= 9,65 A. Dung dch sau in phn trung ha va V lt dung dch HCl 0,2 M. Gi tr ca V l: A. 0,18 B. 0,2 C. 0,3 D. 0,5 Bi 12. in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng a mol/l n khi dung dch vn cn mu xanh thy khi lng dung dch gim 0,8 gam. Cho 1,68 gam Fe vo dung dch thu c sau in phn, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 1,2 gam kim loi. Gi tr a l: A. 0,2 M B. 0,1 M C. 0,15 M D. 0,25 M Bi 13. in phn dung dch AgNO3 mt thi gian thu c dung dc A v 0,672 lt kh ant ( ktc). Cho 5,32 gam Fe vo dung dch A thu c V lt kh khng mu ha nu ngoi khng kh ( ktc) dung dch B ( ch cha mt mui) cht rn C ( ch cha mt khim loi). Hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn v gi tr V l: A 25% v 0,672 lt B. 20% v 0,336 lt C. 80% v 0,336 lt D. 85% v 8,96 lt VI- DNG 6 BI TP V PHN NG CA CO2, SO2 VI CC DUNG DCH KIM 1. nh hng phng php gii chung: a s mol kim v s mol ca ion OH-, sau vit PTHH, tnh theo PTHH : c 2 dng bi ton Bi ton thun: Cho cht tham gia phn ng, tm sn phm: Vi bi ton loi ny ta ch cn tnh t s mol ga OH- v O2 (SO2) t k= nOH-/nCO2 Khi nu: + k 1 sn phm thu c l mui axit, tc l chi xy ra phn ng: OH- + CO2 HCO3- (1) + k 2 sn phm thu c l mui trung ha, tc l ch xy ra phn ng: 2OH- + CO2 CO32-+ H2O (2) + 1< k < 2 : sn phm gm c 2 mui, tc l xy ra c (1) v (2), khi lp h phng trnh theo s mol CO2 v s mol OH- s tm c s mol 2 mui. Bi ton nghch: Cho sn phm, hi cht tham gia phn ng: VD: Cho x mol CO2 tc dng vi a mol OH- to thnh b kt ta ( b mol mui trung ha). Tm gi tr x bit a,b. Gii: Vi bi ton ny th chng ta ch n gi tr a, b. - Nu a=2b th bi ton rt n gin x= b - Nu a> 2b th bi ton c th c 2 p s v xy ra 2 trng hp + Trng hp 1: OH- d, tc l ch xy ra phn ng (2) Vy x= b + Trng hp 2; Xy c 2 phn ng (1),(2): Vy x= a-b Ch : gii c bi ton dng ny chng ta cn hu; + Cho d u bi cho CO2 hay SO2 tc dng vi 1 hay nhiu dung dch kim th ta cng a ht v s mol OH+ Nu bi ton yu cu tnh s mol kt ta th gia s mol CO32- (SO32-) v Ba2+ ( Ca2+) ion no c s mol nh hn th s mol kt ta tnh theo ion . 2. Mt s bi tp tham kho Bi 1. Dung dch X cha NaOH 0,2M v Ca(OH)2 0,1M. Sc 7,84 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch X th khi lng kt ta thu c l A. 15 gam. B. 5 gam. C. 10 gam. D. 20 gam. Bi 2. Cho V lt (ktc) CO2 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M thu c 10 gam kt ta. Vy th tch V ca CO2 l A. 2,24 lt. B. 6,72 lt. C. 8,96 lt. D. 2,24 hoc 6,72 lt Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 235
Bi 3. Cho 56ml kh CO2 hp th ht vo 100ml dung dch cha NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)2 0,02M. Khi lng kt ta thu c l: A. 0,0432g B. 0,4925g C. 0,2145g D. 0,394g Bi 4. Dn V lt kh CO2 ( ktc) qua 500 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 nng x M , sau phn ng thu c 3 gam kt ta v dung dch A. un nng dung dch A thu c thm 2 gam kt ta na. Gi tr ca V v x l A. 1,568 lit v 0,1 M B. 22,4 lt v 0,05 M C. 0,1792 lt v 0,1 M D. 1,12 lt v 0,2 M Bi 5. Cho V lt kh SO2 ( ktc) vo 700 ml Ca(OH)2 0,1 M sau phn ng thu c 5 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l: A. 2,24 lt hoc 1,12 lt B. 1,68 lt hoc 2,016 lt C. 2,016 lt hoc 1,12 lt D. 3,36 lt Bi 6. t 8,96 lt H2S (ktc) ri ho tan sn phm kh sinh ra vo dung dch NaOH 25% (d = 1,28 g/ml) thu c 46,88 gam mui. Th tch dung dch NaOH l A. 100 ml. B. 80ml. C. 120 ml. D. 90 ml. Bi 7. t chy hon ton 8,8 gam FeS v 12 gam FeS2 thu c kh. Cho kh ny sc vo V ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d=1,28 g/ml) c mui trung ha. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l A. 50 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 100 ml. D. 120 ml. Bi 8. t chy hon ton 0,9 gam FeS2 trong O2 d. Hp th ton b kh thu c vo 100 ml dung dch gm NaOH 0,1 M v Ba(OH)2 0,05 M th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta? A. 1,080 gam B. 2,005 gam C. 1,6275 gam D. 1,085 gam Bi 9. t chy m gam FeS trong kh O2 d thu c kh X. Hp th hon ton kh X vo 200 ml dung dch gm NaOH 0,1 M v Ba(OH)2 0,1 M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y v 4,34 gam kt ta. Khi cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch X th li thy c kt ta Gi tr ca m l: A. 2,53 gam B. 3,52 gam C.3,25 gam D. 1,76 gam Bi 10. Sc ht 1,568 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,16M. Sau th nghim c dung dch A. Rt 250 ml dung dch B gm BaCl2 0,16M v Ba(OH)2 xM vo dung dch A c 3,94 gam kt ta v dung dch C. Nng xM ca Ba(OH)2 bng A. 0,02M. B. 0,025M. C. 0,03M. D. 0,015M. Bi 11. Nung nng m gam MgCO3 n khi khi lng khng i th thu c V lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Hp th hon ton V lt CO2 vo 400 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,1 M th thu c 2,5 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo X th thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v a l: A. 1,232 lt v 1,5 gam B. 1,008 lt v 1,8 gam C. 1,12 lt v 1,2 gam D. 1,24 lt v 1,35 gam Bi 12. Cho m gam FeCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c nng (d) thu c hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,05 M d th thy c V lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 phn ng v thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr m v V l: A. 3,2 gam v 0,5 lt B. 2,32 gam v 0,6 lt C. 2,22 gam v 0,5 lt D. 2,23 gam v 0,3 lt VII- DNG 7 BI TP V PHN NG CA CO, H2, C, Al VI OXIT KIM LOI 1. nh hng phng php gii chung - Phng chung gii l dng phng php bo ton electron hoc bo ton nguyn t hoc bo ton khi lng gii. - Ch : + Trong cc phn ng ca C, CO, H2 th nCO= nCO2, nC= nCO2, nH2= nH2O. + Cc cht kh C, CO, H2 khng kh c cc oxit MgO, Al2O3 v cc oxit khc ca kim loi kim v kim th chng ch kh c nhng oxit kim loi ng sau Al. + a s khi gii chng ta ch cn vit s chung ca phn ng, ch khng cn vit PTHH c th, tuy nhin cc phn ng nhit nhm nn vit r PTHH v bi ton cn lin quan nhiu cht khc. + Thc cht khi cho CO, H2 tc dng vi cc cht rn l oxit th khi lng ca cht rn gim i chnh l khi lng ca oxi trong cc oxit. 2. Mt s bi tp tham kho Bi 1..Trn hn hp bt Al vi bt Fe2O3 d. Khi mo phn ng ca hn hp nhit cao trong mi trng khng c khng kh. Sau khi kt thc phn ng cho nhng cht cn li tc dng vi dung dch HCl Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 236
(d) thu c 2,24 lt kh hidro (ktc).S gam bt nhm c trong hn hp u l: A. 0,27 gam B. 2,7 gam C. 0,027 gam D. 5,4 gam Bi 2. Hn hp G gm Fe3O4 v CuO. Cho hiro d i qua 6,32 gam hn hp G nung nng cho n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c cht rn G1 v 1,62 gam H2O. S mol ca Fe3O4 v CuO trong hn hp G ban u ln lt l: A. 0,05; 0,01 B. 0,01; 0,05 C. 0,5; 0,01 D. 0,05; 0,1 Bi 3. .Cho 31,9 gam hn hp Al2O3, ZnO, FeO, CaO tc dng ht vi CO d nung nng thu c 28,7 gam hn hp Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Th tch H2 l: A. 4,48 lt B. 5,6 lt C. 6,72 lt D. 11,2 lt Bi 4. Mt hn hp X gm Fe2O3, FeO v Al2O3 c khi lng l 42,4 gam. Khi cho X tc dng vi CO d, nung nng ngi ta thu c 41,6 gam hn hp rn Y v hn hp kh gm CO, CO2, khi cho hn hp kh ny qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th thu c m gam kt ta. Khi lng kt ta ny bng: A. 4 gam B. 16 gam C. 9,85 gam D. 32 gam Bi 5. .t nng mt hn hp X gm bt Fe2O3 v bt Al trong mi trng khng c khng kh. Nhng cht rn cn li sau phn ng, nu cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d s thu c 0,3 mol H2; nu cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d s thu c 0,4 mol H2. Hi s mol Al trong X l bao nhiu? A. 0,3 mol B. 0,6 mol C. 0,4 mol D. 0,25 mol Bi 6. Thi t t V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H2 i qua mt ng ng 16,8 gam hn hp 3 oxit: CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3 nung nng, phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn v mt hn hp kh nng hn khi lng ca hn hp V l 0,32 gam. Tnh V v m. A. 0,224 lt v 14,48 gam. B. 0,672 lt v 18,46 gam. C. 0,112 lt v 12,28 gam. D. 0,448 lt v 16,48 gam. Bi 7. Kh hon ton 24 gam hn hp CuO v FexOy bng H2 d nhit cao thu c 17,6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi. Khi lng ca H2O to thnh l: A. 1,8 gam B. 5,4 gam C. 7,2 gam D. 3,6 gam Bi 8. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO, Fe2O3 t nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c hn hp B gm 4 cht rn nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th thu c 9,062 gam kt ta. % khi lng Fe2O3 trong A l: A. 86,96% B. 16,04% C. 13,04% D. 6,01% Bi 9. Cho hi nc i qua than nng c hn hp kh A gm CO2, CO, H2. Ton b lng kh A va kh ht 48 gam Fe2O3 thnh Fe v thu c 10,8 gam H2O. Phn trm th tch CO2 trong hn hp kh A l A. 28,571%. B. 14,289%. C. 13,235%. D. 13,135%. Bi 10. . Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l A. 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam. Bi 11. Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO, Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo lng d dd Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l A. 1,12 lt B. 0,896 lt C. 0,448 lt D. 0,224 lt Bi 12. Thi CO d qua ng ng 217,4 gam hn hp gm CuO, Fe2O3, FeO, Al2O3 nung nng c 215 gam cht rn. Dn ton b kh thot ra vo dung dch nc vi trong d thy c m gam kt ta. Tnh m A. 15 gam B. 20 gam C. 25 gam D. 30 gam Bi 13. Dn t t hn hp kh CO v H2 qua ng s ng 20,7 gam hn hp bt cc oxit ZnO, Al2O3, Fe3O4, CuO, FeO. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp kh v hi ch cha CO2 v H2O, trong ng s cn li m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 18,3 gam B. 18,6 gam C 16,4 gam D 20,4 gam Bi 14. Thi rt chm 2,24 lt (ktc) mt hn hp kh gm CO v H2 qua mt ng s ng hn hp Al2O3, CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 c khi lng l 24 gam d ang c un nng. Sau khi kt thc phn ng khi lng cht rn cn li trong ng s l Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 237
A. 22,4 gam. B. 11,2 gam. C. 20,8 gam. D. 16,8 gam. Bi 15. Cho 8,1 gam bt Al trn vi 16 gam Fe2O3 thu c hn hp A. Nung nng hn hp A n hon ton trong iu kin khng c oxi thu c hn hp B. Cho B vo dung dch HCl d, th tch H2 thot ra (ktc) l A. 6,72 lt. B. 7,84 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 5,6 lt. Bi 16. Mt hn hp gm Fe; Fe2O3. Nu cho lng kh CO d i qua m gam hn hp trn iu kin nhit cao, sau khi kt thc phn ng ngi ta thu c 11,2 gam Fe. Nu ngm m gam hn hp trn trong dung dch CuSO4 d, phn ng xong thu c cht rn c khi lng tng thm 0,8 gam. Khi lng no sau y l khi lng m ban u. A. 14 gam B. 13,6 gam C. 13 gam D. 12 gam Bi 17. Kh hon ton mt lng Fe3O4 bng kh CO ( d) nung nng th thu c m gam Fev 35,84 lt hn hp kh X ( ktc) c t khi so vi H2 bng 18. A. 5,6 gam B. 11,2 gam C. 16,8 gam D. 22,4 gam VIII- DNG 8 BI TP V XC NH CNG THC CA HP CHT V C V HU C 1. nh hng phng php gii chung a) i vi bi ton tm cng thc ca cht v c: - Bao gm xc nh tn kim loi, tn oxit, tn mui Nhng phng php chung l tm c nguyn t khi ca kim loi, phn t khi ca oxi, muihoc tm c t l v s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht. mun lm c nh vy chng ta c th p dng phng php trung bnh ( nguyn t khi trung bnh, phn t khi trung bnh) v phi hp cc phng php khc nh pp i s, bo ton khi lng, tng gim khi lng. Trong pp i s l c bn. - khi tm cng thc ca hp cht v c hay hu c chng ta c th dng p n loi b cc trng hp khc ca bi ton - Mt s kim loi c nhiu ha tr nn trong cc phn ng khc nhau n c th th hin cc ha tr khc nhau, ty thuc vo bi. b) i vi bi ton tm CTPT hoc CTCT ca hp cht hu c th phng php chung l tm c s nguyn t cacbon, hidro, oxi hoc tm c phn t khi ca hp cht . Mun vy chng ta cng s dng phng php trung bnh ( s nguyn t cacbon trung bnh, phn t khi trung bnh), pp i s, pp tng gim khi lng, pp bo ton khi lng - Mun gii c bi ton dng ny th iu quan trng nht l phi vit c cc cng thc phn t dng tng qut ca HCHC ph hp vi bi ton. - Vit ng v cn bng ng phng trnh dng tng qut . 2. Mt s bi tp tham kho a) Xc nh cng thc phn t hp cht v c Bi 1. Ho tan 2 gam st oxit cn dng 2,74g axit HCl. Cng thc ca oxit st l: A. Fe2O3. B. Fe3O4. C. FeO. D. Khng xc nh. Bi 2. Kh a gam mt st oxit bng cacbon oxit nhit cao, ngi ta thu c 0,84 gam st v 0,88 gam kh cacbonic.Cng thc ho hc ca oxit st dng phi l: A. Fe3O4 B. FeO C. Fe2O3 D. Hn hp ca Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Bi 4. Mt oxit kim loi c cng thc MxOy, trong M chim 72,41% khi lng. Kh hon ton oxit ny bng kh CO thu c 16,8 gam kim loi M. Ha tan hon ton lng M bng HNO3 c nng thu c mui ca M ha tr 3 v 0,9 mol kh NO2. Cng thc oxit kim loi trn l: A. Fe2O3 B. Fe3O4 C. FeO D. Al2O3 Bi 5. Ha tan 6,96 gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,224 lt NxOy (ktc). Kh NxOy c cng thc l: A. NO2 B. NO C. N2O D. N2O3 Bi 6. Kh hon ton 4,06 gam mt oxit kim loi bng CO iu kin nhit cao thnh kim loi. Dn ton b kh sinh ra vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy to thnh 7 gam kt ta.Nu ly lng kim loi Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 238
sinh ra ho tan ht vo dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,176 lt kh H2 (iu kin tiu chun). cng thc oxit kim loi trn l: A. Fe2O3 B. Fe3O4 C. FeO D. Al2O3 Bi 7. Cho 2,16 gam Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 0,672 lt kh A duy nht ktc. Kh A l A. NO. B. NO2. C. N2O. D. N2. Bi 8. t mt kim loi X trong bnh kn ng kh Cl2 thu c 32,5 gam mui clorua v nhn thy th tch kh Cl2 gim 6,72 lt ktc. Kim loi X l A. Al. B. Ca. C. Cu. D. Fe. Bi 9. Kh mt oxit st bng CO nhit cao. Phn ng xong thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 448 ml CO2 (ktc). CTPT ca oxit st l A. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. khng xc nh c. Bai 10. Ha tan hon ton mt lng bt Fe3O4 vo mt lng dung dch HNO3 va thu c 0,336 lt kh NxOy ktc. C cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng thu c 32,67 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca NxOy v khi lng Fe3O4 trong hn hp l A. NO2 v 5,22 gam B. NO v 5,22 gam C. NO v 10,44 gam D .N2O v 10,44 gam Bi 11. Hon tan hon ton 61,2 gam mt kim loi M bng dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c hn hp kh gm 0,3 mol N2O b 0,9 mol NO. Kim loi M l A. Mg B.Fe C. Al D.Zn Bi 12. 6,94 gam hn hp gm 1 oxit st v nhm ho tan hon ton trong 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 1,8M to thnh 0,03 mol H2 v dung dch A. Bit lng H2SO4 ly d 20% so vi lng phn ng. Cng thc ca oxit st l A. FeO. B. Fe3O4. C. Fe2O3. D. khng xc nh. Bi 13. Cho 11,1 gam hn hp hai mui sunft trung ho ca 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Hai kim loi l A. Li, Na. B. Na, K. C. K, Cs. D. Na, Cs. Bi 15. Nung 9,66 gam hn hp Al v FeXOY n phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp A. Ho tan A trong HCl d thu c 2,688 lt khH2(ktc) cn nu ho tan A trong NaOH d thy cn li 5,04 gam cht rn khng tan. Xc nh oxit st A . FeO B. FeO2 C. Fe2O3 D. Fe3O4 Bi 17. Ha tan hon ton 1,8 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi kim th 2 chu k lin tip vo dung dch HCl d, sau phn ng thu c 0,448 lt CO2 ( ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A th thu c m gam mui khan. Hai kim loi v gi tr m l: A. Mg, Ca v m= 2,02 gam B. Be, Mg v m=3,22 gam C. Ca, Ba v m= 2,12 gam D. Ca, Sr v m= 1,98 gam Bi 18. Ha tan 0,1 mol mt oxit st vo dung dch HNO3 c ( d) thu c 2,24 lt kh NO2 duy nht ktc. Mt khc kh ht 0,2 mol oxit trn cn dng 17,92 lt kh H2 ktc. Cng thc ca oxit st trn l: A. FeO B. Fe2O3 C. Fe3O4 D. khng xc nh Bi 19. t chy m gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim th 2 chu k k tip bng kh Cl2 d th thy c 4,48 lt Cl2 phn ng v to thnh 20,6 gam mui clorua. Hai kim loi l; A. Ca, Sr B. Be, Mg C. Mg, Ca D. Sr, Ba Bi 20. Kh hon ton 8 gam mt oxit kim loi cn dng 3,36 lt CO ( ktc), lng kim loi thu c sau phn ng cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Cng thc ca oxit l; A. CrO B. FeO C. ZnO D. Fe2O3 b) Xc nh CTPT ca hp cht hu c Bi 1. t chy hon ton m gam mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 gam CO2, 12,6 gam H2O v 69,44 lt N2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch gm N2 v O2 trong oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh. X c cng thc l Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 239
A. C2H5NH2. B. C3H7NH2. C. CH3NH2. D. C4H9NH2. Bi 2. Trong mt bnh kn cha hn hp A gm hirocacbon X v H2 vi Ni. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian ta thu c mt kh B duy nht. t chy B thu c 8,8 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam H2O. Bit VA = 3VB. Cng thc ca X l A. C3H4. B. C3H8. C. C2H2. D. C2H4 Bi 3. un nng m1 gam ancol no, n chc A vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c m2 gam cht hu c B. T khi hi ca B so vi A bng 1,4375. Hiu sut ca phn ng t 100%. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. C3H7OH. D. C4H9OH. Bi 4. Cho 100 ml dung dch aminoaxit A 0,2M tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Mt khc 100 ml dung dch aminoaxit trn tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Bit A c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 52. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. (H2N)2C2H3COOH. B. H2NC2H3(COOH)2. C. (H2N)2C2H2(COOH)2. D. H2NC3H5(COOH)2. Bi 5. 17,7 gam mt ankyl amin cho tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3 d thu c 10,7 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca ankyl amin l A. CH5N. B. C4H9NH2. C. C3H9N. D. C2H5NH2. Bi 6. t chy 7,3 gam mt axit no, mch h c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,25 mol H2O cho cng thc phn t A. CH3COOH. B. COOH-COOH. C. C2H5-COOH. D. C4H8(COOH)2. Bi 7. Ha hi hon ton mt axit hu co A c mt th tch hi bng th tch hiro thu c khi cng cho lng axit nh trn tc dng ht vi natri (o cng iu kin). Mt khc trung ha 9 gam A cn 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8%. A l A. CH3COOH. B. HOOC-COOH. C. CH2(COOH)2. D. C3H7COOH. Bi 8. t chy 14,4 gam cht hu c A c 28,6 gam CO2; 4,5 gam H2O v 5,3 gam Na2CO3. Bit phn t A cha 2 nguyn t oxi. A c cng thc phn t A. C3H5O2Na. B. C4H7O2Na. C. C4H5O2Na. D. C7H5O2Na. Bi 9. X l mt aminoaxit no ch cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH. Cho 0,89 gam X tc dng vi HCl va to ra 1,255 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. H2N-CH2-COOH. B. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH. C. CH3-CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH. D. C3H7-CH(NH2)-COOH. Bi 10. X l mt a-aminoaxit no ch cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH. Cho 15,1 gam X tc dng vi HCl d thu c 18,75 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. H2N-CH2-COOH. B. CH3CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH C. C3H7-CH(NH2)-COOH. D. C6H5-CH(NH2)-COOH. Bi 11. t chy hon ton 6,2 gam mt amin no, n chc phi dng ht 10,08 lt kh oxi (ktc). Cng thc ca amin l A. C2H5NH2. B. CH3NH2. C. C4H9NH2. D. C3H7NH2 Bi 12. t chy a mol anehit A to ra 2a mol CO2. Mt khc a mol A tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra 4a mol Ag. A l A. anehit cha no. B. HCHO. C. CHO-CHO. D. CH2=CH-CHO Bi 13. Trung ha hon ton 1,8 gam mt axit hu c n chc bng dung dch NaOH va ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng c 2,46 gam mui khan. Axit ni trn l A. HCOOH. B. CH3COOH. C. CH2=CH-COOH. D. C2H5COOH. Bi 14. t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt axit cacboxylic mch thng thu c 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,1mol H2O. Cng thc phn t ca axit l A. C2H4O2. B. C3H4O4. C. C4H4O4. D. C6H6O6. o Bi 15. Cho 3,548 lt hi hn hp X ( 0 C, 1,25 atm) gm 2 anken l ng ng lin tip vo dung dch nc brom d thy khi lng bnh ng dung dch brom tng 10,5 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 240
A. C3H6 v C4H8. B. C2H4 v C3H6. C. C4H8 v C5H10. D. C5H10 v C6H12. Bi 16. Cho hirocacbon X c cng thc phn t C7H8. Cho 4,6 gam X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 15,3 gam kt ta. X c ti a bao nhiu cng thc cu to? A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. Bi 17. Cho 15,2 gam hn hp gm glixerin v ancol n chc X vo Na d thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc). Lng H2 do X sinh ra bng 1/3 lng H2 do glixerin sinh ra. X c cng thc l A. C3H7OH. B. C2H5OH. C. C3H5OH. D. C4H9OH. Bi 18. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm 2 ru k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c 6,72 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 7,65 gam H2O. Mt khc nu cho m gam X tc dng ht vi Na th thu c 2,8 lt H2 ( ktc). Cng thc ca 2 ru l A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. B. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3. C. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2. D. C3H6(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2. Bi 19. Cho 2,32 gam mt anehit tham gia phn ng trng gng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 (trong NH3) d thu c 17,28 gam Ag. Vy th tch kh H2 ( ktct) ti a cn dng phn ng ht vi 2,9 gam X l A. 1,12 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 6,72 lt. Bi 20. Mt este X mch h to bi ancol no n chc v axit khng no (c mt ni i C=C) n chc. t chy a mol X thu c 6,72 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 4,05 gam nc. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,025 mol. B. 0,05 mol. C. 0,06 mol. D. 0,075 mol Bi 21. X phng ha 10 gam este X cng thc phn t l C5H8O2 bng 75 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng c 11,4 gam cht rn khan. Tn gi ca X l A. etylacrylat. B. vinylpropyonat. C. metylmetacrylat. D. anlylaxetat. Bi 22. Cho 100 ml dung dch aminoaxit X nng 0,3M phn ng va vi 48 ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M, sau c cn th thu c 5,31 gam mui khan. X c cng thc no sau y? A. H2N-CH(COOH)2. B. H2N-C2H4-COOH. C. (H2N)2CH-COOH. D. H2N-C2H3(COOH)2. Bi 23. t chy hon ton 2,22 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 5,28 gam CO2 v 2,7 gam H2O. X phn ng c vi Na, khng phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. Tm Cng thc phn t ca X v cho bit tt c cc ng phn cng nhm chc v khc nhm chc ca X ng vi cng thc trn? A. C3H8O, c 4 ng phn. B. C4H10O v 6 ng phn. C. C2H4(OH)2, khng c ng phn. D. C4H10O c 7 ng phn. Bi 24. Cho 1,02 gam hn hp 2 anehit X, Y k tip nhau trong dy ng ng no, n chc tc dng vi Ag2O trong NH3 d thu c 4,32 gam Ag. X, Y c CTPT l A. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO. B. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO. C. HCHO v CH3CHO. D. kt qu khc. Bi 25. Ha tan 26,8 gam hn hp 2 axit no,n chc vo H2O ri chia lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng hon ton vi Ag2O/NH3 d cho 21,6 gam Ag. Phn hai trung ha hon ton bi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. CTPT ca 2 axit l A. HCOOH v C2H5COOH. B. HCOOH v CH3COOH. C. HCOOH v C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH v C2H3COOH. Bi 26. t chy hon ton 1,1 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 2,2 gam CO2 v 0,9 gam H2O. Cho 4,4 gam X tc dng va vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1M th to ra 4,8 gam mui. X c CTPT l A. C2H5COOCH3. B. CH3COOC2H5. C. C2H5COOH. D. CH3COOCH3 Bi 27. Cho 15,2 gam mt ru no A tc dng Na d, thy thot ra 4,48 lt kh (ktc), A c th ha tan c Cu(OH)2. Vy cng thc cu to ph hp ca A l A. CH2OH-CH2-CH2OH. B. CH2OH-CHOH-CH3. C. CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH. D. CH2OH-CH2OH. Bi 28. trung ha 1 lt dung dch axit hu c X cn 0,5lt dung dch NaOH 1M, c cn thu c 47 gam. mui khan. Mt khc khi cho 1 lt dung dch axit trn tc dng vi nc Br2 lm mt mu hon ton 80g Br2. Cng thc cu to ph hp ca X l A. CH2=CH-COOH. B.CH2=CH-CH2-COOH Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 241
C.CH3-CH=CH-COOH D.CH3-CH2-COOH. Bi 29. X v Y l 2 ng phn, phn t gm C, H, O mi cht ch cha mt nhm chc v u c phn ng vi xt. Ly 12,9 gam hn hp M ca X v Y cho tc dng va vi 75 ml dd NaOH 2 M. Cng thc PT ca X v Y l; A. C3H6O2 B. C4H6O2 C. C5H10O2 D. C6H12O2 Bi 30. Cho 8 gam hn hp 2 anhit mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca anehit fomic tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 32,4 gam Ag. CTPT ca 2 anhit l: A. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO B. HCHO v CH3CHO C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO D. A, B, C u sai Bi 31. t chy 0,3 mol hn hp 2 axit hu c thu c 11,2 lt CO2 ( ktc), nu trung ha 0,3 mol hn hp 2 axit trn cn dng 500 ml NaOH 1 M. Hai axit c cu to l: A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH B. HCOOH v CH3COOH C. HOOC-COOH v HCOOH D. A, B, C u sai Bi 32. Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol (glixerin) v hai loi axit bo. Hai loi axit bo l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. C15H31COOH v C17H35COOH. B. C17H33COOH v C15H31COOH. C. C17H31COOH v C17H33COOH. D. C17H33COOH v C17H35COOH Bi 33. Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l 1. etyl propionat. B. metyl propionat. C. isopropyl axetat. D. etyl axetat
Bi 34. Hp cht hu c no, a chc X c cng thc phn t C7H12O4. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c cht hu c Y v 17,8 gam hn hp mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3OOC(CH2)2COOC2H5. B. CH3COO(CH2)2COOC2H5. C. CH3COO(CH2)2OOCC2H5. D. CH3OOCCH2COOC3H7 Bi 35. X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH4 l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2 gam este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. B. C2H5COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOCH(CH3)2. Bi 36. Cho 1,76 gam mt este no, n chc phn ng va ht vi 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c cht X v cht Y. t chy hon ton 1,2 gam cht Y c 2,64 gam CO2 v 1,44 gam H2O. Cng thc cu to ca este l A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. B. CH3COOC2H5. C.C2H5COOCH3. D.CH3COOCH(CH3)2. Bi 37. Cho 10,4 gam este X (cng thc phn t: C4H8O3) tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M c 9,8 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HCOOCH2CH2CHO. B. CH3COOCH2CH2OH. C. HOCH2COOC2H5. D. CH3CH(OH)COOCH3. Bi 38. t chy hon ton 4,44 gam cht hu c X n chc (cha C, H, O). Cho ton b sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 11,16 gam ng thi thu c 18 gam kt ta. Ly m1 gam X cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (va ), c cn dung dch sau phn ng c m2 gam cht rn khan. Bit m2 < m1. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HCOOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. C2H5COOH. D. CH2 = CHCOOCH3. Bi 39. Mt este n chc X c phn t khi l 88 vC. Cho 17,6 gam X tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 23,2 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. B. HCOO CH(CH3)2. C. CH3CH2COOCH3. D . CH3COOCH2CH3. Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 242
Bi 40. Hn hp M gm mt axit X n chc, mt ancol Y n chc v mt este to ra t X v Y. Khi cho 25,2 gam hn hp M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M c 13,6 gam mui khan. Nu un nng Y vi H2SO4 c th thu c cht hu c Y1 c t khi hi so vi Y bng 1,7 (coi hiu sut t 100%). Cng thc cu to ca este l: A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. B. CH3COO CH(CH3)2. C. HCOOCH(CH3)2. D. HCOOC2H4CH3 hoc HCOOCH(CH3)2. IX- DNG 9 BI TP V HIU SUT PHN NG 1. Phng php gii chung - Phng php gii ch yu l phng php i s, vit PTHH v tnh theo PTHH - Cn ch mt s vn sau: + Hiu sut phn ng ch p dng cho cc phn ng xy ra cha hon ton tc l sau phn ng c 2 cht tham gia u cn d: Du hiu nhn ra p xy ra khng hon ton l bi ton khng c cu phn ng xy ra hon ton, hoc c cu phn ng mt thi gian.. + Hiu sut phn ng c th c tnh theo lng cht ( s mol, khi lng, th tch) tham gia hoc lng cht sn phm. Cng thc chung nh sau: H= Lng thc t Lng l thuyt .100% + Nn nh rng 0 < H< 1. Nu bi cho bit lng cht tham gia phn ng th l lng l thuyt, nu bi cho bit lng cht sn phm th l lng thc t. + Nu bi cho bit lng cht ca 2 cht tham gia phn ng th hiu sut c tnh theo cht no ht trc khi ta gi s hiu sut phn ng l 100% 2. Mt s bi tp tham kho Bi 1. Trn 13,5 g bt Al vi 34,8g bt Fe3O4 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm. Gi s lc ch xy ra phn ng kh Fe3O4 thnh Fe. Ho tan hon ton hn hp cht rn sau phn ng bng dung dch H2SO4 long d th thu c 14,112 lt H2 ( ktc). Tnh hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm. A. 70% B. 75% C. 80% D.60% Bi 2. Khi oxi ha 11,2 lt NH3 ( ktc) iu ch HNO3 vi hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 80% th thu c khi lng dung dch HNO3 6,3% l A. 300 gam. B. 500 gam. C. 250 gam. D. 400 gam. Bi 3. Da nhn to (PVC) c iu ch t kh thin nhin theo s : CH4 C2H2 CH2=CH-Cl [-CH2-CHCl-]n. Nu hiu sut ca ton b qu trnh iu ch l 20%, mun iu ch c 1 tn PVC th th tch kh thin nhin (cha 80% metan) iu kin tiu chun cn dng l A. 4375 m3. B. 4450 m3. C. 4480 m3. D. 6875 m3 Bi 4. Nung 8,1 gam Al vi 23,2 gam Fe3O4 nhit cao ( gi s ch c phn ng kh oxit st thnh st) thu c hn hp X. Cho hn hp X vo dung dch H2SO4 long d, un nng thu c 8,064 lt H2 (ktc). Hy cho bit hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm ? A. 75% B. 80% C. 85% D. 90% Bi 5. Khi lng este metylmetacrylat thu c l bao nhiu khi un nng 215g axit metacrylic vi 100g ancol metylic, gi thit hiu sut phn ng este ho t 60%. A. 125g B. 175g C. 150g D. 200g Bi 6. in phn Al2O3 nng chy trong thi gian 2 gi 40 pht 50 giy, cng dng in 5 A , thu c 3,6 gam nhm kim loi catot. Hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn ny l: A. 80% B. 90% C. 100% D. 70% Su tm v bin son: Hong Nam Ninh namninh87@gmail.com 01679 848 898 243
Bi 7.Tnh khi lng glucozo cn dng ln men thu c 200 lt C2H5OH 30o ( D= 0,8 gam/ml), bit hiu sut ln men t 96%? A. 90,15 kg B. 45,07 kg C. 48,91 kg D. 97,83 kg Bi 8. Cho hn hp A gm N2 v H2 ( t l mol 1:3), tin hnh phn ng tng hp NH3, sau phn ng thu c hn hp B c t khi dA/B= 0,7. Hiu sut phn ng l: A. 55% B. 60% C. 80% D. 75% Bi 9. T 1 tn mui n c cha 10,5% tp cht , ngi ta iu ch c 1250lit dung dch HCl 37% ( d =1,19 g/ml) bng cch cho lng mui n trn tc dng vi axit sunfuric m c nhit cao . Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh iu ch trn ? A. 95,88% B. 98,55% C. 98, 58% D. 98,85%. Bi 10. un nng hn hp X gm 0,25 mol C2H3COOH v 0,15 mol C3H6(OH)2 c mt ca H2SO4 c lm xc tc, sau mt thi gian thu c 19,55 gam mt este duy nht. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l A. 25%. B. 70%. C. 80%. D. 85%. Bi 11. Khi lng glucoz cn iu ch 0,1 lt ru tylic nguyn cht (khi lng ring D = 0,8 g/ml) vi hiu sut 80% l A. 180 gam. B. 195,65 gam. C. 186,55 gam. D. 200 gam. Bi 12. Ha tan hon ton 16 gam ru etylic vo nc c 250 ml dung dch ru, cho bit khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l 0,8 g/ml. Dung dch c ru l: A. 5,120 6,40 C. 120 D. 80 Bi 13. Mt loi go cha 75% tinh bt. Ly 78,28 kg go ny i nu ru etylic 400, hiu sut p ca c qu trnh l 60%. Khi lng ring ca ru etylic l 0,8 g/ml. Th tch ru 400 thu c l: A. 60(lt) B. 52,4(lt) C. 62,5(lt) D. 45(lt) Bi 14. T 3 tn qung pirit (cha 58% FeS2 v khi lng, phn cn li l cc tp cht tr) iu ch c bao nhiu tn dung dch H2SO4 98%, hiu sut chung ca qu trnh iu ch l 70%? A. 2,03 tn B. 2,50 tn C. 2,46 tn D. 2,90 tn Bi 15. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm gia 6,48 gam Al vi 17,6 gam Fe2O3. Ch c phn ng nhm kh oxit kim loi to kim loi. em ha tan cht rn sau phn ng nhit nhm bng dung dch xt d cho n kt thc phn ng, thu c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm l: A. 100% B. 90,9% C. 83,3% D. 70% Bi 16. Thy phn m gam tinh bt, sn phm thu c em ln men sn xut ancoletylic, ton b kh CO2 sinh ra cho qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 750 gam kt ta. Nu hiu sut mi qu trnh l 80% th gi tr m l A. 949,2 gam. B. 945,0 gam. C. 950,5 gam. D. 1000 gam. Bi 17. Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung dch Y c pH bng 1. Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit phn l: A. 42,86% B.40,56% C. 58,86% D. 62,68% Bi 18. Nung qung lmit ( CaCO3.MgCO3) nng 184 gam mt thi gian, thy cn li 113,6 gam cht rn. Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit phn l: A. 60% B. 75% C. 80% D. 85% H+ + CO 3
2
; Ka2 = 4,8.10-11
245

Bai Tap Tong Hop Hoa Vo Co 11cuc Hay

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Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc.

CACBON V HP CHT CA CACBON

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

1. Mt s bi ton p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

NIT - AMONIAC - AXIT NITRIC - MUI NITRAT

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Cac bai toan ve H2SO4

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Bi tp chuyn : Bi ton v phn ng gia CO 2 (hoc SO2) vi dung dch kim.

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

CHNG III: CACBON - SILIC

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Cacbon (C) CHE Tnh cht 1s22s22p2 Tnh kh - Tnh oxi ha

Silic (Si) 1s22s22p63s23p2 - Tnh kh - Tnh oxi ha

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

iu ch 3. Hp cht. Tn Cacbon ioxit CTHH CO2

T cc cht c trong t nhin

PTN: SiO2 + Mg CN: SiO2 + CaC2

C trong t nhin ( ct, thch anh...)

Axit Silixic Mui Silicat

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c

Tuyn chn cc bi tp Ha hc Trung hc ph thng luyn thi i hc. Phn i cng + V c A .K a = C. K a =

[H + ].[CH3COO- ] [CH 3COOH] [H + ].[CH 3COOH] [CH 3COO- ]

[CH3COOH] [H + ].[CH 3COO- ] [CH 3COOH].[CH3COO- ] [H + ]

0,2M, K + 0,1M, NH 4 0,1M, 0, SO 4 0,25M, Cl 0,05M,

f) H+, NO 3 , OH-, Ba2+. i) HCO 3 , H+, K+, Ca2+.

h) OH-, HCO 3 , Na+, Ba2+