Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

tai my p trng g
Yu cu thit k gm: - phn tch cng ngh - xy dng m hnh h thng, cc thit b v chc nng - s khi h thng - la chn cm bin dng cho h thng - chn b iu khin nhit - s iu khin DANH SCH THNH VIN NHM: 1. Nguyn B Phong ( trng nhm ) 2. Nguyn Xun Quy 3. Vu Ngoc Minh 4. Nguyn Manh Vit 5. Nguyn c Quang NI DUNG THC HIN: t vn : - Vic s dng l p, my p trong thi gian gn y kh ph bin. N ph hp vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca nn chn nui nc nh. L p c thit k vi nhng cng sut v yu cu k thut khc nhau ty theo yu cu v ging gia cm cn p n cng nh qui m p n. C nhng ging gia cm cn yu cu v k thut lm l p kh cao nh g trng (g cng nghip)... khi vic xy dng l p cng phi c nhng tiu chun kht khe hn nh: s gi nhit, u nhit, gi m, u m, cch to nhit m cho l... i vi nhng ging gia cm d p n hn nh g ta, g Sao... th yu cu k thut ca l cng n gin hn. Trong cc l p trng, yu cu cn phi cung cp lng nhit y v lin tc th nng sut ca l mi cao. Nu trong qu trnh p trng m mt nhit th trng d hng. Do vy cn phi c h thng kim sot, qun l xem l c c cung cp nhit y hay khng, v c th bit d dng ngn trng no khng c cung cp nhit sa cha I. PHN TICH CNG NGH LO P:

Nhom 10

-1-

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin
1.

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

iu kin p trng gia cm a. Thi gian: Thi gian p trng vt l 28 ngy, p trng ngan( vt xim), ngng l 30 ngy, trng ct l 17 ngy, trng iu l 43 ngy, trng g l 21 ngy. Tuy vy c th dao ng: trng nh n trc t 5-10 gi, trng to n mun hn so vi quy nh 5-10 gi. T c im ny, nu c iu kin cn phn loi trng c khi lng to , nh khc nhau cho vo cng khay d theo di trng n tp trung, cng lc. Khng nn p chung cc loi trng gia cm khc loi trong cng mt l v ch nhit ca mi loi l khc nhau. b. Nhit Trng mi vo l cn lnh nn 3-4 ngy u cn cung cp nhit cao hn cc giai on p sau: i vi trng g, trng vt v trng ngan xp x 38 C (ph thuc vo iu kin tng ni p), sau gim nhit t t, n 3-4 ngy trc khi n nhit gim 0,5-10 C. Trong nhng ngy nng, cn h nhit phng p bn cch m l p, phun nc m( 35-36 C), phun nc lm mt phng p. c. m: Nhng ngy u tin yu cu nhit cao, yu cu m cng cao gim bt s bc hi nctrong trng. n gia thi k p, do vic trao i cht ca phi tng, lng nc ni sinh to ra cn phi thot ra ngoi trng nn yu cu nhit l p v phng p gim i. Vo vi ngy cui ca thi k p, s trao i cht ca phi mnh nht, nhit ca trng tng ln cao nht nn nhit ca l p phi gim nhng ng thi m ca l phi tng (phun nc m ln trng ) va h nhit trng va tnh g n b st v v cht tc. d. Khng kh: Khng kh rt cn cho s tao i kh ca phi v vy l p phi thng thong, kh trong l p phi c lu thng u. o trng cng l cch iu ha nhit , m v khng kh ti mi v tr ca qu trng 2. Tng quan cng ngh :

Nhom 10

-2-

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

- V nhit p trng g l 37,4 - 37,8 C nn di nhit ca my ta chn s l 37,5 C, v c th ci t v iu khin c thng qua mch iu khin - Ta cn co h thng lo, cam bin va mach iu khin ( tt nht la dung h thng linh kin in t ) co th gi c nhit n inh va nm trong khoang nhit cho phep trng co th n ra con khoe manh va ti l n cao. trong khi p h thng cua ta cn phai cung cp ca khng khi ln m trng u iu kin n tt nht. trong my p ta nn thit k khay trng c tc dng o ng lot trng trong qu trnh p II. M HNH H THNG, CC THIT B V CHC NNG: M HINH H THNG LO P : ch to my p trng g th h thng ca ta cn : Vo may. - H thng pht nhit. - H thng cam bin o v iu khin nhit l. - Mch iu khin. - H thng tun hon cung cp khng kh, m v o trng. - H thng bo ng qu nhit trong nhng ngy nng. Nguyn li hoat ng ca h thng: H thng phat nhit se tao ra nhit lng trong lo, khi o cam bin nhit se nhn tin hiu u vao la nhit trong lo va se a ra u ra la tin hiu in ap, tin hiu in ap nay se c a n mach iu khin tai y no se c b x li trung tm (vi x li) a c lp trinh nhn lam tin hiu vao va u ra se la in ap iu khin cho triac ng ct ngun cho h thng phat nhit am bao duy tri nhit trong lo nhit cho phep. CC THIT B V CHC NNG : - V my: bo v trng v gi nhit cho my. Trn v my cn thit k cc ca s hnh hoa th iu chnh lng khng kh vo my v thot ra, m bo s thng thong cho my p. C cng dng chng ton b my, cc khay trng, gi nhit v n nh nhit theo nhu cu p trng. V my p nn ch to bng vn carton c nhp ngoi, hoc bng tn ghep vi phn cach nhit. PHN VT LIU CCH NHIT:

Nhom 10

-3-

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

c cu to bi lp nhm nguyn cht ph ln tm nha tng hp cha ti kh. Lp nhm c mu sng bc gip phn x nhit cn lp nha cha ti kh ngn chn qu trnh dn nhit v gip tn nhit nhanh. Bn cnh , lp nha cha ti kh cn c c tc dng ngn sng m thanh truyn qua, ng thi kh cc sng m thanh phn x trnh ting vang do b mt khng phng v hnh dng bt nh.

Tm cch nhit P2: gm 1 lp ti kh vi hai mt xi m nhm Dy: 4mm Hiu qu: gim 6-7 C Cch m: 40%

Tm cch nhit A2A: Gm hai lp ti kh vi hai lp mng nhm nguyn cht Dy: 8mm Hiu qu: chng chy cp A, gim 12 14 C Cch m: 60%

Nhom 10

-4-

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

Tm cch nhit A2 ht to: Gm 1 lp ti kh c dng ht to vi hai lp mng nhm. Dy: 6-7mm Hiu qu: chng chy cp A, gim 8-9C Cch m: 50%

Tm cch nhit A1: Gm 1 lp ti kh ph mt lp mng nhm nguyn cht Dy: 4mm Hiu qu: chng chy cp A, gim 4-5C Cch m: 35%

Tm cch nhit AP: Gm:01 mt nhm v 01 mt xi m nhm ph ln lp ti kh Dy: 4mm Hiu qu: gim 7 - 8C, chng chy cp _ A Cch m: 45%

Tm cch nhit P2P: Gm hai lp ti kh vi hai mt xi m nhm Dy: 7-8mm Hiu qu: gim 10 - 12C Cch m: 60%

Nhom 10

-5-

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

Tm cch nhit P1: Gm 1 lp ti kh ph mt lp xi m nhm Dy: 4mm Hiu qu: gim 4-5C Cch m: 35%

Tm cch nhit A2: Gm 1 lp ti kh vi 2 lp mng nhm nguyn cht Dy: 4mm Hiu qu: chng chy cp A, gim 7 8 C Cch m: 40%

Xp Extruded Polystyrene L loi vt liu xp cch nhit c s dng ph bin trong cch nhit, cch m, chng thm v x l nn yu. y l loi vt liu cch nhit mang u im vt tri so vi cc loi xp cch nhit khc hin c ti Vit Nam. c tnh sn phm : Kt cu phn t khp kn hon ton ca Extruded Polystyrene lm cho vt liu ny c kh nng chng thm v m mc tt hn bt k vt liu cch nhit no khc. Ngoi ra xp Polystyrene cn c u th v trng lng nh, bn cao v d dng kt hp vi cc vt liu xy dng khc. Thng s k thut: c tnh T trng H s truyn nhit Cng nn p
Nhom 10

n v Kg/m3 W/m.k MPa

-6-

Ch s > 30 0.030 > 0.25

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

Cng un cong Hm lng cha nc Tnh n nh kch thc ng dng:

N v/v %

35 1.0 0.30

- Dng lm mi nh hoc x l li trn nh b thm dt - Dng lt nn nh, c bit nn ng cao tc - Dng x l nn t yu - Kt hp vi cc vt loi xy dng khc lm tng nh, c hiu qu cch nhit v cch m cao, tit kim in nng - Dng xy dng h bi, sn thng cc chung c, ta nh thng mi - Dng sn xut tm cch nhit panel, s dng trong xy dng kho lnh, hm ng Chng ti c th cung cp xp Polystyrene vi nhiu qui cch khc nhau ty theo nhu cu c th ca qu cng ty. PHN MT TRONG: Mt trong ch to bng kim loi -Tn m km: Gii thiu tn m km: a)Cu to: Tn m km l loi Tn sau khi thp nn m km c 2 mt trn v di tng bn cho l thp nn bn trong. Do cu to n gin v bn khng bng Tn m mu v Tn lnh nn gi thnh Tn m km r hn, ph hp vi nhng hng mc cng trnh lm tm trong thi gian ngn. b)c tnh: Vi mt lp km mng, c ph ln b mt kim loi nn bng qu trnh nhng nng, cc sn phm tn m km c bo v cch ly khi mi trng xung quanh chng r st, bo m bn cho kim loi nn -tn thp:

Nhom 10

-7-

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

1. Gii thiu: Tn cch nhit cch m PU l tn sng vung cao 32 mm c ph thm mt lp cch nhit Polyurethane Cht PU em li cho sn phm tnh nng cch nhit v cch m l tng. T u thp k 60, PU c s dng lm vt liu cch nhit cho cc to nh v cc cng trnh xy dng v ngy cng th hin c cc c tnh ni tri hn hn so vi cc cht liu dng cch m cch nhit thng thng. PU c ng dng rng ri trong cng ngh sn xut cc sn phm cch nhit, cch m trong xy dng v i sng nh: vt liu cch nhit t lnh, bnh nng lnh, nh xng, kho tng, kho ng lnh,. c bit cng ngh chng nng v n cho mi nh cng nghip v nh dn dng. 2. Yu cu v ky thut Tn PU cch nhit - dy tn:0.30.5mm. - dy PU:16mm. -Chiu rng:1070mm. -Hu dng: 1010 mm. 3. c tnh ni tri cua tn PU - Tn PU vi tnh nng cch nhit, ngn ting n ao ra mi trng sinh hoat thong mt, yn tinh n inh. Ngoai ra con tit kim c in nng sinh hoat va san xut - Tn PU c kha nng chiu lc tt, bn cao - Tn PU va la tn mi nha ( ma mau , ma kem ), ng thi lp PU con thay th cho tm trn nha. - c bit c loai tn PU chng chy. Bng thng s k thut ca cht PU: TNH CHT VT L T trng T sut truyn nhit Kh nng cch m T sut ht m Kh nng chu lc nn
Nhom 10

N V Kg/m3 Kcal/mh0C dB % N/cm2

-8-

TR S 25 40 0,021 27,3 0,51 35

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

Nhit ng dng

-118 82

Bng so snh tnh nng ca PU vi cc vt liu khc: T SUT TRUYN VT LIU CCH CHU NHIT NHIT NN (N/cm2) 0 (Kcal/mh C) PU 0,021 35 XPS 0,027 30 EPS 0,037 11 Bng thu tinh 0,045 Khng p dng 4. u im : Tnh nng cch nhit: PU l mt trong nhng cht liu c tnh dn nhit thp nht trong cc loi vt liu cch nhit. Cht liu ny c th gi nng rt tt v cng c th duy tr c nhit lm lnh ph hp nht (Xem bng thng s k thut PU v bng so snh tnh nng PU vi vt liu khc). Tnh nng cch m: Cht PU c kh nng cch m cao, gim thiu ti a ting n ca mi trng xung quanh (kh nng cch m 27,3dB). Kh nng chu nn hon ho: PU c kh nng chu nn rt tt, c bit cng chu nn ca vt liu s tng ln khi c kt dnh vi vi b mt ca cc vt liu xy dng khc. Kh nng kt dnh vng bn: Trong khong thi gian ngn t khi pha trn ti bc x l cui cng, PU c kh nng kt dnh hu hiu vi din tch b mt ca cc vt liu xy dng khc. Kh nng tng thch nhy bn vi cc vt liu khc: PU c th d dng kt dnh vi cc vt liu ph bin nh: giy, l kim loi, si thu tinh, thp, nhm, va, g dn v cc vt liu nha. Cc cht liu ny cng gp phn lm tng kt dnh v bn ca PU. Tnh bn nhit: PU c th c s dng v gi c bn vng trong iu kin nhit ngoi tri t - 118 0C ti + 820C.
Nhom 10 -9My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

Kh nng chng m cao: PU c tnh nng chng m vt tri trong cc iu kin t nhin c m cao, c bit tnh nng chng m c tng ln khi kt hp vi cc vt liu chng m khc nh PP hoc PVC. Tnh bn vng trong mi trng kim: Ngm trong dung dch c PH 14 trong 60 ngy m khng c phn ng. - h thng pht nhit: C chc nng to ra nhit lng cung cp cho l c th dng cc thit b pht nhit nh : 1, Cp nhit bng in tr: in tr l in tr thanh kn, khng r r in. Cng sut ca in tr l 200 watt in tr l b phn pht nhit ca l, lm vic trong nhng iu kin khc nghit do i hi phi m bo cc yu cu sau : + Chu nng tt, t b xy ho nhit cao + Phi c bn c hc cao, khng b bin dng nhit cao + in tr sut phi ln + H s nhit in tr phi nh + Cc tnh cht in phi c nh hoc t thay i + Cc kch thc phi khng thay i khi s dng + D gia cng, d hn hoc d p khun m bo yu cu ca dy nung, trong hu ht cc l in tr cng nghip, dy nung kim loi u c ch to bng cc hp kim Crm-Nhm v CrmNiken l cc hp kim c in tr ln, dy nung phi kim loi dng ph bin l SiC, grafit v than. 2, Cp nhit bng bng n: Dng cc bng n si t cng sut khong 200 watt ta cng c th cp nhit cho trng n. - h thng cam bin o v iu khin nhit l: Nhit ta ra t in tr c qut thi i u khp trong bung p. Mt nhit k in t Digital o c v kim sot nhit ny. Nu bung p cn thp hn nhit yu cu p, vi mch x l ng in tr cp nhit cho

Nhom 10

- 10 -

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

bung, nu nhit th mch ct in ca in tr, do nhit khng ln na CC LOI CM BIN C TH DNG: + Nhit in tr kim loi : thng lm t dy kim loi nh Platinum, Nikel. i khi cn dng ng, wonfram ch to in tr. thng dng l PT-100 (platin 100 0oC), CU-100, NI-100.. Quan h nhit , in tr c dng: R(T) = Ro . f (T-To) + Nhit in tr bn dn : loi thit b o nhit ny c lm t cc loi cht bn dn nh: MgO, MgAl2O4, Mn2O3, Fe3O4, Co2O3, NiO, ZntiO4 RT = Ae/T C cc loi: Diod Transistor IC: LM335, LM35, LM45, AD 22100v cc cm bin thng minh nh IC DS18B20 + IC cm bin loi LM35 LM35 c in p ng ra t l trc tip vi nhit thang o oC, in p ng ra l 10mV/ oC v sai s khng tuyn tnh l 1,8mV cho ton thang o. in p ngun nui c th thay i t 4V n 30V. LM35 c ch to cho 3 thang o : -55o C n 150oC loi LM35 v LM35D. -40oC n 110oC loi LM35c v LM35CA. 0oC n 100oC loi LM35DA.

Nhom 10

- 11 -

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

Hin nay c thm nhiu IC cm bin LM mi c sn xut vi tnh nng v cht lng ngy cng cao ( LM335, LM741, LM741P) + IC cm bin loi AD 22100 AD 22100 c h s nhit 22,5 mV/oC. in p ng ra c cng thc: Vout = (V+/ 5V).(1,375V + 22,5mV/oC. T ) Trong : V+ l tr s in p cp. T l nhit cn o.

Cc IC trong h AD 22100. AD 22100 KT/KR cho di o t 0oC n 100oC. AD 22100 AT/AR cho di o t 40oC n 85oC. AD 22100ST/SR cho di o t 50oC n 150oC.
Nhom 10 - 12 My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

+ IC cm bin nhit thng minh DS18B20 DS18B20 l mt sn phm ca cng ty Dallas (M), y cng l cng ty ng gp nhiu vo vic cho ra i bus mt dy v cc cm bin mt dy. Hnh dng bn ngoi ca cm bin mt dy DS18B20 c m t trn hnh v, trong dng v TO-92 vi 3 chn l dng thng gp v c dng trong nhiu ng dng, cn dng v SOIC vi 8 chn c dng o nhit b mt, k c da ngi

Cc c im k thut ca cm bin DS18B20 : S dng giao din mt dy nn ch cn c mt chn ra truyn thng. phn gii khi o nhit l 9 - 12bit. Di o nhit -55oC n 125oC, tng bc 0,5oC, c th t chnh xc n 0,1oC bng vic hiu chnh qua phn mm. Rt thch hp vi cc ng dng o lng a im v nhiu u o c th c ni trn mt bus, bus ny c gi l bus mt dy (1-wire bus) ging hnh di y: (hnh v di y l phng php ni ca DS18S20,tuy nhin cng c th p dng c cho DS18B20)

Nhom 10

- 13 -

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

Khng cn thm linh kin bn ngoi. in p ngun nui c th thay i trong khong rng, t 3,0 V n 5,5 V mt chiu v c th c cp thng qua ng dn d liu. Dng tiu th ti ch ngh cc nh. Thi gian ly mu v bin i thnh s tng i nhanh, khng qu 200 ms. Mi cm bin c mt m nh danh duy nht 64bit cha trong b nh ROM trn chip (on chip), gi tr nh phn c khc bng tia laze. u o nhit s DS18B20 a ra s liu biu th nhit o c di dng m nh phn 9 bit. Cc thng tin c gi n v nhn v t DS18B20 trn giao din 1-wire, do ch cn hai ng dn gm mt ng cho tn hiu v mt ng lm dy t l kt ni vi iu khin n im o. Ngun nui cho cc thao tc ghi/c/chuyn i c th c trch t ng tn hiu, khng cn c thm ng dy ring cp in p ngun. Mi vi mch o nhit DS18B20 c mt m s nh danh duy nht, c khc bng laser trong qu trnh ch to vi mch nn nhiu vi mch DS1820 c th cng kt ni vo mt bus 1-wire m khng c s nhm ln. c im ny lm cho vic lp t nhiu cm bin nhit ti nhiu v tr khc nhau tr nn d dng v vi chi ph thp. Theo chun 1-wire di ti a cho php ca bus l 300 m. S lng cc cm bin ni vo bus khng hn ch. nng cao phn gii ln trn 12 bit ta phi tnh ton thm bng phn mm da trn cc s liu lu tr trn cc thanh ghi nhit , COUNT REMAIN v COUNT PER C trong nhm cc thanh ghi nhp (scratchpad).

Nhom 10

- 14 -

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

- mch iu khin: c nhim v nhn tn hiu t cm bin, phn tch v so snh vi nhit yu cu c ci t a ra tn hiu iu khin cho triac ng ct ngun cho h thng pht nhit nhit l p lun n nh v ng nhit cho php Hin nay cc loi vi iu khin ang rt ph bin v c kh nng iu khin cao ta nn chn vi iu khin cho mch ca chng ta. Tng Quan H Vi iu Khin AVR: Vi iu khin AVR (Atmel Norway design) thuc h vi iu khin Atmel, n l h Vi iu khin mi trn th trng cng nh i vi ngi s dng. y l h Vi iu Khin c ch to theo kin trc RISC (Reduced Intruction Set Computer) c cu trc kh phc tp. Ngoi cc tnh nng nh cc h VK khc, n cn tch hp nhiu tnh nng mi rt tin li cho ngi thit k v lp trnh.S ra i ca AVR bt ngun t yu cu thc t l hu ht khi cn lp trnh cho vi iu khin, chng ta thng dng nhng ngn ng bc cao HLL (Hight Level Language) lp trnh ngay c vi loi chip x l 8 bit trong ngn ng C l ngn ng ph bin nht. Tuy nhin khi bin dch th kch thc on m s tng nhiu so vi dng ngn ng Assembly. Hng Atmel nhn thy rng cn phi pht trin mt cu trc c bit cho ngn ng C gim thiu s chnh lch kch thc m ni trn. V kt qu l h vi iu khin AVR ra i vi vic lm gim kch thc on m khi bin dch v thm vo l thc hin lnh ng n chu k my vi 32 thanh ghi tch ly v t tc nhanh hn cc h vi iu khin khc t 4 n 12 ln. PHN LOI AVR : + AT90S8535: Khng c lnh nhn hoc chia trn thanh ghi. + ATMEGA 8, 16, 32 (AVR loi 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit): L loi AVR tc cao, tch hp sn ADC 10 bit. + AVR tch hp sn LCD driver : Atmega169,329 + AVR c tch hp SC (power stage controller): AT90PWM thng dng trong cc ng dng iu khin ng c hay chiu sng nn cn gi l lighting AVR. + Attiny11, 12, 15: AVR loi nh. c im Ca ATMEGA16L: - Hiu nng cao, tiu th nng lng t

Nhom 10

- 15 -

My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

- Kin trc RISC - Reduce Instruction Set Computer (C ngha l my tnh dng tp lnh rt gn,b vi x l kiu ny thc hin t lnh hn nhng b vi x l khc) - 131 lnh mnh, hu ht cc lnh thc hin trong mt chu k - 32 Thanh ghi 8-bit a nng - Tc c thc hin ln ti 16 triu lnh trong 1 giy vi tn s 16MHz - C 2 b nhn, mi b thc hin trong thi gian 2 chu k - Cc b nh chng trnh v d liu c nh - 16 Kb b nh flash c kh nng t lp trnh trong h thng - C th thc hin c 10.000 ln ghi/xo - Vng m Boot tu chn vi nhng bit kho c lp - Lp trnh trn trong h thng bi chng trnh on-chip Boot - Thao tc c trong khi nghi thc s - 512 bytes EEFROM C th thc hin 100.000 ln ghi /xo - 1Kb SRAM bn trong - Lp trnh Kho an ninh phn mm + Giao din ni tip ng b ( chun IEEE std.1149.1).Khi thc hin trao i d liu vi cc thit b tng thch th khung d liu 8Bit gia 2 thit b c truyn ng b (cng xung nhp ng h) - t xy ra li C IM VI IU KHIN ATMEGA8535: Mt trong nhng vi iu khin h AVR l vi iu khin ATmega8535 (Data sheet ATmega8535). y l mt con vi iu khin c cu trc kh phc tp, c y chc nng ca h AVR, nu lp trnh thnh tho cho ATmega8535 chng ta hon ton c th s dng thnh tho cc vi iu khin khc trong cng h. ATmega8535 l mt vi iu khin CMOS 8bit cng sut thp trn nn kin trc AVR kiu RISC. Vo/ra: Analog - digital v c th ngc li. Bng vic thc hin cu lnh trong mt chu k xung nhp n, ATmega8535 t c mt triu php tnh trong 1 giy vi tn s 1MHZ vi tc x l cao. Cu trc ca ATmega8535 trong hnh 1 gm 512 Byte EEPROM vi 100.000 ln vit/xo. 512 Byte SRAM ni, hai b nh thi 8bit v cc ch chn tn s xung nhp ring, mt b nh thi 16 bit v cc ch chn tn s xung nhp ring, 4
Nhom 10 - 16 My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

knh PWM, 8 knh ADC 10 bit, giao din BUS hai dy truyn thng ni tip USART, giao din ni tip SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), b so snh tng t trn chip, b nh thi watchog c th lp trnh c vi mch dao ng ring trn chp. ATmega8535 khi ng khi bt ngun, mch dao ng RC ni, cc ngun ngt ngoi v ni, c 6 ch ng: IDLE, gim nhiu ADC, tit kim nng lng, Standby v Standby m rng(mch dao ng tip tc chy khi ngoi vi duy tr standby cho php khi ng nhanh cng sut tiu th thp). in p hot ng 4,5V - 5,5V, tn s hot ng t 0 - 16 MHZ. c bit vi vi iu khin ATmega8535 l nhm cc lnh lm vic vi 32 thanh ghi a nng ni trc tip vi ALU ng thi cho php hai thanh ghi c lp truy cp ng thi trong mt chu k xung nhp khi thc thi mt lnh. Kiu m kt qu tr v hiu qu hn trong khi thi gian nhanh gp 10 ln so vi vi iu khin kiu CISC thng thng.

- h thng tun hon cung cp khng kh, m v o trng: 1. B to m v b iu m Lm vic theo nguyn l sau: - Dn nc hay nc vo mng to m t trong my nc bc hi to m. Cch ny th cng, n gin, khng m bo tt yu cu m n nh, kh iu m tt c. - Vung nc qua cnh qut trong my, nc t bnh cha t cao hay t mng ng cung cp chung ca tri, qua van nc, ng dn vo bu, ri theo ng dn hn dc cc cnh qut gi m vung ra xung quanh, xuyn qua cc l nh ca vnh li thp bao xung quanh, s to thnh lp sng m gy m trong my. - B iu m thng gm mt b cm bin m t trong my tc ng vo b phn ngt van nc ng ngt dng chy vo my, khi m thp hay cao qu mc qui nh. 2. B thng gi v b iu gi
Nhom 10 - 17 My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

B thng gi cc my p trng u l qut hng trc, lp gia thnh sau bn trong my. Ca ht gi c b tr gn trc qut c np iu gi, iu chnh m bng tay. Ca thot gi thng b tr trn nc my hay thnh trc my, c np iu gi, ng m bng tay. 3. B o trng Bao gm c cc nguyn l lm vic sau: - Dy ko: dng mt s my p trng c nh, trong khay trng c cc a trn xoay c, qun mt dy chung sao cho khi o, ta ko mt u dy th cc a xoay trng xoay theo mt gc no . - Tay quay: dng my p trng c gin trng, dng tay quay trng nghing mt gc 45-470 (so vi mt nm ngang) ln lt c hai pha theo tng thi gian qui nh. - ng c in quay: dng cho mi kiu gin trng, thng gm ng c in, b gim tc, b truyn ng v cm tip im cui.

III. S KHI H THNG:

Nhom 10

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My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

Nguyn l ca h thng l: h thng pht nhit to ra nhit lng, cm bin nhit s bin i tn hiu nhit ny v dng tn hiu s v c hi tip v mch iu khin ti y vi x l s phn tch so snh v cp tn hiu iu khincho van triac ng ct ngun cho h thng pht nhit m bo nhit trong bung p lun nhit thch hp. m bo trng n vi hiu sut cao nht IV. LA CHN CM BIN S DNG CHO H THNG: trong s cc cm bin nhit ni v phn tch trn ta thy IC cm bin nhit DS18B20 c nhiu u im, d kt ni v c chnh xc cao do ta nn chn IC cm bin DS18B20 cho h thng ca chng ta. Ta s x dng nhiu cm bin gn ti vi v tr trong bung p, o nhit ti cc v tr khc nhau trong bung p m bo nhit ti mi v tr trong bung p l nh nhau. V. CHN B IU KHIN NHIT : Da trn nhng phn tch trn b iu chnh nhit chng ta s chn l: Dng vi x l Atmega16 do n c nhiu u im nh d lp trnh, iu khin chnh xc v t b li. Dng triac lm van ng ct ngun cho dy nung to nhit .

Nhom 10

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My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

VI. S KHI MCH IU KHIN:

Nhom 10

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My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

Cm bin nhit DS18B20 Bn phm t nhit

Mch iu khin Triac

Vi x l Atmega16L

LCD hin th nhit

ng b tn hiu

MAX 232

My tnh

hot ng ca mch in: + Tc dng cc linh kin : - DS18B20 cm bin nhit t mi trng bn trong bung p ly tn hiu nhit a vo vi x l. - LCD gii m v hin th nhit . - triac l van bn dn c tc dng ng ct mch lc ca h thng pht nhit. - ATMEGA16L iu khin ng ct thit b theo iu kin nhit mc nh ci t,iu khin hin th LCD. - mch n p ,to in p 5VDC n nh cp cho vi mch. - cng MAX 232 l cng kt ni vi my tnh.

Nhom 10

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My p trng

Bi tp ln mn o lng v cm bin

GV: Nguyn Thu Ha

Cm bin nhit truyn tn hiu nhit c c qua chn DQ(2) vo chn 34 ca ATMEGA16L (ADC6) chn ny l 1 trong 8 u vo ca h thng bin i A/D ca ATMEGA16L , nhng khng cn bin i m a thng vo khi x l trung tm (v tn hiu truyn ca cm bin nhit chn DQ l tn hiu s) ,tn hiu khi a vo y s c CPU x l vi cc iu kin c lp trnh sn (nu nhit 37,5 iu khin triac ng mch cp nhit nhit 37,5 iu khin triac ct mch cp nhit) ,sau tn hiu sau khi c x l tip tc a ra 4 chn 26(TDO - Test Data Out kim tra d liu ra),27(TDI Kim tra d liu vo),28(TOSC1 Test ocsilltor kim tra u vo ca b to dao ng),29(TOSC2 kim tra u ra ca b to dao ng2) vo D4,D5,D6,D7 ca LCD gii m LCD nhn xung nhp ni tip(SCL Serial Clock ) chn 22 ca ATMEGA16 Reset,d liu ni tip (SDA Serial Data) ca chn 23 ghi c k t,xung nhp qua kim tra(TCK Test Clock) xo k t.

Nhom 10

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My p trng